COUNTIES 



OF 



ANGE»NOB 



H 



INDIANA, 



HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL. 



ILaLaUSTRATRD 



CHICAGO: 

F. A. BATTEY & CO., PUBLISHERS. 
1882. 



PREFACE. 



THIS volume goes forth to our patrons the result of months of arduous, 
unremitting and conscientious labor. None so well know as those who 
have been associated with us the almost insurmountable difficulties to be met 
with in the preparation of a work of this character. Since the inauguration 
of the enterprise, nearly one year ago, a large force have been employed — both 
local and others — in gathering material. During this time, upward of three 
thousand persons have been called upon in the two counties, to contribute from 
their recollections, carefully preserved letters, scraps of manuscript, printed 
fragments, memoranda, etc. Public records and semi-official documents have 
been searched, the newspaper files of the counties have been overhauled, and 
former citizens, now living out of the counties, have been corresponded with, 
all for the purpose of making the record as complete as could be, and for the 
verification of the information by a conference with many. In gathering from 
these numerous sources, both for the historical and biographical departments, 
the conflicting statements, the discrepancies and the fallible and incomplete 
nature of public documents were almost appalling to our historians and biog- 
raphers, who were expected to weave therefrom with any degree of accuracy, in 
panoramic review, a record of events. Members of the same families disagree 
as to the spelling of the family name, contradict each other's statements as to 
dates of births, of settlement in the county, nativity and other matters of fact. 
In this entangled condition, we have given preference to the preponderance of 
authority, and while we acknowledge the existence of errors and our inability 
to furnish a perfect history, we claim' to have come up to the standard of our 
promises, and given as complete and'- accurate a work as the nature of the sur- 
roundings would permit. Whatever may be the verdict of those who do not 
and will not comprehend the diflUculties to be met with, we feel assured that all 
just and thoughtful people will appreciate our eS"orts, and recognize the impor- 
tance of the undertaking and the great public benefit that has been accomplished 
in preserving the valuable historical matter of the county and biographies 
of many of its citizens, that perhaps would otherwise have passed into oblivion. 
To those who have given us their support and encouragement, and they are 
many, we acknowledge our gratitude, and can assure them that as years go by 
the book will grow in value as a repository not only of pleasing reading matter, 
but of treasured information of the past, that becomes a monument more en- 
during than marble. 

iMay, 1882. THE PUBLISHERS. 



CONTENTS. 



PAKT I,-HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 



CHAPTER I. PAGE. 

Agricultural Society 20 

Census Returns 24 

Faunft 17 

Geological Formation 14, 25 

Indiana, Early 17 

Lakes 13 

Mastodon Remains 15 

Mound-Biiilders 28 

Ph>eical Features 11 

Resources 16 

Rivers and Creeks 12 

Statistics 21 

White Men, The First 11 

CHAPTER II. 

Annual Expenditures 57 

C ngressional Represenlatiou 57 

County Commissiont'i-p, Firgt 32 

County Officers, The First 55 

Conrts, The First 33 

Elections, Presidential 54 

Lawyers, Early 46 

Murder Trial. The First 36 

Organization of County 32 

Physicians. Early 47 

Public Buildings 37 

Senators and Re^'fesentatives 56 

Valuation and Taxation 58 

CHAPTER III. 

Churches, Early 66 

Fourierism 68 

Insurance, Home 80 

Newspaper History 76 

Post Offices e.') 

Preaching, The First 66 

Railroads 64 

Regulators and Rangers 81 

Roads and Routes 62 

Schools and Education 73 

School Statistics 74 

Secret Societies 79 

CHAPTER IV. 

Call for Troops, First , «4 

Companies and Campaigns 101 

Draft, The 95 

Roll of Honor 103 

Soldiers, Early 83, 110 

Soldiers of the Late War 84 

TowuMhip Histories. 

CHAPTER V. 

Town of La Grange Ill 

Buildings, Progress of. 113 

Business Enterprises 115,119 

Oeme eries 125 

Churches and Pjiators 122 

Educational 120 

Original Gr;*nt of Site 112 

Physicians, The First 114 

Plat of Town Ill 

Secret Societies 116 



CHAPTER VL page. 

Bloomfield Township 126 

Boundaries and Features 126 

Blocmifield Village 133 

Burlington Village 132 

Civil Officers, First 132 

Church History 133 

Hill's Corners 133 

Industries, Early 131 

Inhabitants, The First 129 

Marriage First 132 

School Interests 133 

CHAPTER VII. 

Lima Township 135 

Churches and Pastors 152 

Hotels, Postmasters, Physiciaiisl42 

Industries 142 

Indians 137 j 

La Gringe Bank 145 | 

La Grange Collegiate Inatitute.loO 

Land Entries 139 | 

Merchants of Lima 140 i 

Ontario Village 145 ! 

Pioneers 135 i 

Schoolhouses, etc 148 ' 

CHAPTER VIII. I 

JoiixsoN Township 155 I 

Churches and Pastors 170 j 

Creation of Township., 156 

Early Settlers 155 ! 

Schools and Teachers 167 I 

Traders, Early 156 I 

Valentine Village 161 ' 

Wolcottville 162 ; 

Wright's Corners 161 I 

CHAPTER IX. j 

Van Buren Township 172 ! 

Addie Dwight Tragedy 180 

Burial Grounds 177 j 

Business of Village 183 

Churches 179 

Enrly Settlers 174 

Roads 174 

Schools and Teachers 179 

Surface Features 172 

Van Buren Village 1S3 

CHAPTER X. 

Eden TowstHii' 185 

Birth, First 191 

Civil Officers 189 

Church Organizations 192 

Haw Patch Center 195 

Organization of Township 188 

Physical Features 185 

Physiicians, Early 191 

Presidential Election 191 

Regulators, The 191 

School Organizations 193 

Sycamore Literary Society 194 ' 

Settlers, First ." 185 ' 

Trades and Induetries 194 



CHAPTER XI. page. 

Springfield Township 196 

Church Organizations 208 

First Settler 196 

Gage and Langdon War 197 

Harrison Campaign 202 

Industries, Early 201 

Mongoquinong 196,203 

Organization of Township 203 

Schoolhouses 207 

Springfield Village 204 

Settlers. Eaily 198 

Trade, Eariy 196 

Union Hall 209 

CHAPTER XII. 

Clearspring Township 210 

Civil Officers 214 

Churches.. 219 

Mills, Early 212 

Organization of Township 214 

Patrons of Husbandry 217 

Removal of Indiins 213 

Roads 218 

Schools 218 

Settlers, Fin.t 210 

CHAPTER Xlfl. 

Greenfield Township 220 

Birth, First 229 

Churches 231 

Industries, First 225 

Lexington Village TZd 

Origin of Name 225 

Schools 229 

Settlers, First 222 

Vistula Village 226 

CHAPTER XIV. 

Newbuey Township 233 

Amish Settlement 240 

Civil Officers 239 

Churches 241 

Justices of the Peace 239 

Lakes and Rivers ^ 233 

Mill, The First 234 

Organization of Township 233 

Pashan Post Office 241 

Schoolhouses 236 

Settlers, The Early 234 

Trading 236 

CHAPTER XV. 

MiLFuUD TOWNSMII' 242 

Churches and Pastors 254 

Hunting Experiences 246 

MilK The Eariy 2.'.2 

Mud Corners Viilnge 252 

Organization vf Township 245 

Pioneers, The 242 

Regulators, The ,248 

Schools 253 

South Milford Village 252 

Underground Railroad 248 



Tl 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XVI. PiOl. 

Olat Township 2.55 

Appalling Accident 264 

Birth, The First 266 

Churches 264 

Destructive Fire 263 

Early Schools .259, 260, 265 

Justices of the Peace ...266 

Mill, The First 265 

Murder S64 

fichoolhouses 265 

Sickly Season 259 

Settlers, The First 256, 2.69 

Trade and Industry 263 

Btosrrapblcnl Sk<>t«hes. 

Bloomfleld Township 293 

Clay Township 425 

Clearspring Township 379 



I Tie*. 

\ Eden Township 355 

I Greenfield Township 388 

Johnson Township 326 

LaGrani;e, Town of. 267 

i Lima Township 310 

1 Milford Township 408 

' Newhury Township 400 

SprinRflcld Township 362 

I Van Buren Township 343 

. PortrnilN* 

^Blackuiun, A 59 

^Bradford, Samuel P 29 

yCalahan, Ami 175 

(/Case, Zopher 165 

ffCochran, Charl.-s 249 

'Rraue, S. D 137 

l/Dancer. Dr. John 107 

l,4>aviB, Hezekiah 233 



; PAOi. 

•Pavis, Mrs. Hezekiah 237 

/goodsell, Mynott 243 

^olsinger, John 127 

JTJooley, Chris 215 

*^opkins, Fleming 227 

^enl, Orvin 199 

flCent. Mrs. Orrin 206 

/Mills, Jacob 169 

.SJiman, Dr. J. P 117 

Ifeck, Burton 221 

'Jterick, Dr. J. H 69 

- '^hepards.in, Samuel 39 

' nBidener, Nicholas 181 

/ptrickland. Matthew 267 

/Taylor, 0. B 87 

/TVildman, L. L 97 

Views. 

'Court House, La Grange County.... 19 
• Jail, La Grange County 49 



PART II. -HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 



CHAPTER I. PAGE. 

Geology. 6 

Indian Historj- 19 

Indian Mounds 11 

Lukes and Ponds 9 

Meteorology 10 

Topography ^ 9 

CHAPTER II. 
A Child's aiystcriouB Disappearance 38 

Birth, The First M 

Churchos, The Early M 

County Buildings 42 

County Census 39 

County Officer' 44 

County Ortiauizwtion 27 

County Seatfl 41 

Judiciary, The 47 

Judicial Execution 34 

Land Entries, The Early 28 

Marriage, The First 54 

Members of the Bur .'. 48 

Physicians, The First 53 

Poor, The County 43 

Post Office, The First 57 

Settlement, The First 27 

Stite Canal 32 

SufferiDK in 1338 SI 

Thieves and Counterfeiters 33 

Valuation and Taxes 40 

CHAPTER III. 

Agricultural and Historical Society 62 

Early Roads and Koutes. 57 

Execution of M.cl>uugal 72 

Journals and JournHliats 74 

Newspaper, The First 74 

Outlaws and Criminals 63 

Railroads 6o 

Regulators, The 69 

CHAPTER IV. 

Career of Regiments 107 

Death of Lincuin lOG 

Draft Statistics 99 

Fall of Sumter 89 

Republican Convention of 18(34 104 

Roll of Honor 110 

Soldiere of Early Wars... 87 

War Meetings and Speeches 89 

War Statistics 115 

TownNliip HlHtorlew. 

CHAPTER V. I 

CiTV OF Kendalivillk U6 I 

Bankb 123 I 

Business Development 120 i 

Church Organizations 130 : 



PAGE. 

Conflagi-ations 123 

Election, The First 122 

Incorporation 122 

Oripin of Name 120 

Railroad Subscription 124 

Schoolhouses 129 

Settlement, The First 119 

CHAPTER VI, 

Wayne Township 134 

Birth, The First 139 

Cliurrhps 142 

Loc Rolling and Whisky 139 

Mills, The Early 140 

Scarcity of Cash 141 

Scbooltiouses 141 

SettlciB, The First 135 

CHAPTER VU. 

Town of Liooniek 145 

Buildingand Loan AB3ociation..l48 

Churcli fJrganizations 153 

Destructive Fire 148 

Early D'velopment 140 

High School 150 

Interesting Statistics 157 

Revivals 156 

School Buildings 148 

Sons of Temperance 147 

Town Plat 145 

CHAPTER VIIL 

Perry Township 161 

Bourie's Reminiscences 164 

First Election 162 

Rochester Village 1R3 

Roll of Settlers IGl 

Saw-Mills, The First lt)3 

Schools and churches 167 

CHAPTER IX. 

Town of Albion 168 

Business Men, The Eariy 170 

Church Societies 180 

Early Land Entries 168 

Incorporation 176 

Plat of the Town 169 

Schools 177 

Secret Orders 175 

Table of Fires 182 

Town Funding Bonds 179 

CHAPTER X. 

Jefferson Township 183 

Agricultural Features 192 

Burial Grounds 193 

Death, The First 193 

Indian Mounds J91 



PAGE. 

Mills and Milling 186 

Pioneer Life 184 

Population 191 

Schools and Teachers 187 

Sermons and Churches 187 

Township Organization 186 

Township Pioneers 183 

CHAPTER XI. 

Orange Township 194 

Brinifield Villajie 203 

Church Organizitions 204 

Island Park Assembly 206 

Land Owners, The Early 194 

Mills. The Early 196 

Northport Village 197 

Rome City 198 

Water Power at Rome 202 

CHAPTER Xn. 

Allen Township 208 

Avilhi's First House 214 

Churches. The Early 217 

Deaths, The Early 211 

Election, The First 211 

Franciscan Convent 218 

Hunting Reminiscences ...214 

Incorporation of Avilla 216 

Industries and Improvement8..212 

Marriage, The First 211 

Roll of Early Settlers 208 

Schoolhouse, The First 268 

Underground Railroad 216 

White Settler, The First 208 



CHAPTER XIII. 

Elkhart Township 221 

Early Settlers, List of. 223 

Pittsburg Village 225 

Religious Development 228 

Schools and Teachers 227 

Settlei-s. the First 221 

Springfield Village 225 

Wawaka Village 226 

CHAPTER XIV. 

Sparta Township 231 

Church Organizations 241 

Cromwell Village .236 

j Election. First 233 

Mills and Kilns 234 

Pioneer Experiences 232 

Roll of Settlers 231 

Schools and Teachers 237 

Sparta Village 235 



CONTENTS. 



Vll 



CHAPTER XV. PAGE. 

Noble Township 242 

Church Societies 253 

Indians 245 

Milling Enterprises 245 

Nobleville City.... 251 

Roll of Pioneers 243 

t^chools and Teachers 252 

White Settler, First 242 

Wolf Lake Village 247 

CHAPTER XVI. 

York Township 254 

Augusta Village 258 

Catalogue of Bettlera 255 

Eleclion, First 256 

Life in the Wilderness 256 

Mills, First 255 

Pioneers, The 254 

Port Miicheli Village 262 

Schools and Teachers 263 

Van Buren Village 25S 



CHAPTER XVH. 

Ukekn Township ,.266 

"CaualerB," The 271 

Fatal Casualtj' 271 

Hunting Experiences 267 

Mills and Trade 272 

Religious Societies 276 

Schools and Tutors 273 

Settlers, First 266 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

Swan Township 277 

Early Settlement 277 

First Election 281 

First Preaching 2S5 

Hunting Exploits 278 

La Otto Village 284 {' 



PAOE. 

Marriage, First 282 

Schools and Teachers 286 

Swan Village 283 

Trade and Traffic 282 



PAGE. 

ilapp, William M le 

iarnhart, John 239 

/fisher, Eden H ]'.!..i!!!!!l99 

/*'08ter, Jehu !.*.'.'."l84 

"aerber, E, B !! 151 

Jail, William J '..'...'.."... 22\ 

iall, Lucinda 322 

ieehu, George 155 

, ^00 .iinjniell, Orlando [, 65 

Election, First 288 -Jtiser, Jacob 234 

Fish Stories 292 fj^'s^r, William S 173 

lang, Julius 75 



CHAPTER XIX. 

Washington Township 287 

Bears and Other Beasts 291 

Birth, First 288 



Marriage and Death, First. 

Religions Societies 294 

Roop and Other Pioneers 287 

Saw-Mill, First 291 

Schools 293 

Biog^rapltical {Sketches. 

Albion, Town of 363 

Alien Township 415 

Elkhart Township 437 

Green Township 473 

Jefferson Township 381 

Kendallville, City of. 297 

Ligouier, Town of. 332 

Noble TowLship 457 

Orange Township 399 

Perry Towu-ship ^54 

Sparta Township 450 

Swan Township 489 

Washington Township 499 

Wayne Township 319 

York Township 467 

Portraits. 

jAIvord, Samuel.. 



lasb, James J 173 

'olitchell, John 117 

/Mitchell, William ."..'. 85 

ARt, Abraham 249 

ptt, George 276 

Pancafce, John 220 

yrentiss. Nelson g 

'Keed, L. N .131 

^hifaly, John 327 

'Slngrey, John A 189 

Stanley, H. C 269 

•Stewart, James C 244 

^eal, Norman 126 

^ousley, Hiram S 25 

Vanderford, Joel 95 

Vanderford, Mrs. Joel lul 

Yoiis, W. Ji 289 

AValker, John 259 

/Weston, Thomas B 137 

, Weston, Catherine I43 

/^-Volf, Jacob 159 

/Zimmerman, John 224 



Views. 



iowman, John 45 r/Court House, Noble County 4 

iowman, Mrs. Mary 65 Infirmary, Noble County 279 

Calbeck, Joseph 230 |,Jaii, Noble County.. 20» 



p- t''''Tn''\'Z^^''-'^\¥: ^^efixer, father of Charles E. Weaver, Claj Township, was born in 
Richland Co.. Ohio, in 182/. Mrs. Mary A. (Charles) Weaver was born in Mifflin, Ashland Co 
Ohio, in 1831. (Seepage 441, Part I.) 




PART I. 
HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 



CHAP T ER I. 

BY J. n. KERICK, M. 1). 

Physical Features —Economic Questions — Geology — Agriculture —The 
County Lakes— The Drift Deposit— Bones of the Mastodon— The In- 
dians AND the Mound-Buildeks— The County Fair- Principal Agei- 
cultukal Productions- County Census of 1880. 

THE history of the white man in Northern Indiana opens at an Indian village 
at the head-waters of the Maumee River, Kekionga, now the city of Foit 
Wayne, about the year 1(376. The Indian tradition is that one of the mission- 
aries from St. Joseph, on Lake Michigan, came to Kekionga about that time. 
The route of this Frenchman, in all probability, was up the St. Joseph River 
to points where are now White Pigeon, or Three Rivers, and thence across the 
country to Kekionga. If he took this, his most convenient route, he passed 
througli the territory now embraced in La Grange County, and was, in all prob- 
ability, the first white man to tread its soil. The famous La Salle followed him 
about four years after going there, over the same route. This theory being true, 
a messenger of peace and good will was the first herald of American civilization 
to tread the soil of Northeastern Indiana. A good harbinger, truly, and as true 
in prophetic significance as good in character I A French fort was erected at 
Kekionga in 1705, and the place was occupied as a military post successively 
by French, English and Americans until 1819, when the settlements had so in- 
creased and the Indians become so peaceable that the military were moved fur- 
ther West. It is not improbable that during this interval of over 150 years, 
white men, either missionary, trader or hunter, wandered through the forests of 
La Grange. 

In the allotment of territory to the counties of the northeast, La Grange 
County, being on the outside, has been crowded to the Michigan line, and 
consequently has hardly three full tiers of Congressional Townships. The 
county might have been much more extensive to the north had the Indiana 
boundary line been so located as to include territory in the same liberal man- 

A 



12 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

ner in which Ohio arranged its boundaries. But this was not done, and it 
was a hard fight to keep what there is of La Grange County, when, in 1834, 
Michigan demanded a "rectification of her frontier." She asked a strip ten 
miles wide oft' of Northern Indiana, but was ultimately satisfied by the cession 
to her of the Northern Peninsula, the Lake Superior Region. The south- 
ern and middle townships have been organized and named with the boundaries 
as fixed by the United States survey for Congressional Townships. But the 
upper tier, being cut down by the State boundary line to a width of only four 
miles and two-thirds, has been divided into but three townships. Beginning at 
the northeast, these are Greenfield, Lima and Van Buren, the first and last 
nine miles in length, and the second, the richest in the county, but six miles in 
length. The middle tier of townships follow in the usual order of description 
from west to east, Newbury, Clay, Bloomfield, Springfield ; and the southern 
tier, Milford, Johnson, Clearspring, and lastly Eden. 

Thus the 384 square miles of territory are divided into eleven civil town- 
ships. The county takes its name from the country residence of the distin- 
guished Frenchman so dear to Americans, La Fayette ; and of the townships, 
three are given personal names, three borrow a geographical title, four are 
named appropriately, and Eden belongs to the latter class, according to the best 
authorities. 

Let the reader suppose himself upon an elevation — which, however, is a 
severe task for the imagination in Northern Indiana — rather let him fancy a 
position in a comfortable balloon at such a height above La Grange, the center of 
the county, as to sweep the whole county and obtain a comprehensive view of 
its 256,000 "broad acres. " The surface is nearly level — for miles on the prai- 
ries of Lima and in Greenfield it is perfectly so. In Bloomfield, the rolling 
country reaches enough of an elevation at one place to receive the name of the 
"Knobs." In western Clay there is a beautiful mingling of lowlands and 
wooded hills, and away in the northwest a group of blue, white sand-ringed 
lakes lie among the blufl's, which sink away into the prairies of Michigan. 

The prairies have an attractiveness of their own, the broken land has its 
variety, and altogether there is a diversity and beauty in the landscape. 

The only considerable stream is Pigeon River, which flows through the 
county northwesterly, and receives most of the creeks which arise in its limits. 
The most important of these are Turkey Creek in Milford and Springfield, Fly 
Creek in the central part, and in the west Buck Creek and Shipshewana, all of 
them inconsiderable and threatening not to " flow ou forever." The south and 
southwest are drained into the Elkhart River, the main branch of which has its 
head-waters in Johnson Township. The Little Elkhart rises in the marshes of 
the west. But all these streams are tributaries of the St. Joseph, which car- 
ries their waters to Lake Michigan. In each township of the north another 
stream. Crooked Creek, runs down into the county and back again into Michi- 
gan ; in Van Buren Township, forming the "Island." 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 13 

From this it will be seen that the county lies wholly within the St. Lawrence 
basin. But a tributary of the Wabash, marking the edge of the Mississippi 
basin, rises within three miles of the southeast corner of the county, so that it 
is very near the water-shed of these two great systems. The altitude of the 
county is on an average over nine hundred feet above the level of the ocean, 
and four hundred above Lake Erie. The altitude of the Grand Rapids k Indi- 
ana Railway is 9.59 feet at Wolcottville ; at Valentine, 973 ; La Gran^re, 927 ; 
Lima, 897 ; State line, 889. The altitude in the southeast is a little over 
1,000 feet above the sea. In the northwest, on the low lands, the altitude is 
800 feet approximately. As the highest point in the State has an altitude of 
only 1,233 feet, it will be seen that La Grange is " near the top." There is no 
higher land in Northern Indiana except the "divides " of Noble and Steuben 
Counties, which exceed it by but a few feet. 

The lakes, of which there are thirty-five, of all areas, from two or three to 
500 or 600 acres, are the most attractive natural features of the county. On 
the prairie land of the north, there are comparatively few, but these are the 
finest small bodies of water in the region. We refer to Wall, Cedar, Twin and 
Stone Lakes, which mark the boundary lines of the three northern townships. 
South of these, to the west, the only lake of any importance is Shipshewana, 
the largest of those finding an outlet in Pigeon River. No lakes of more than 
forty acres lie wholly in Clay, Eden and Clearspring. Bloomfield has one 
grassy sheet of water. Fish Lake. Springfield has three similar bodies, and 
shares Grass Lake with Greenfield. A large group of lakes in Milford forma 
the source of Turkey Creek. A portion of Turkey Lake lies in this township. 
Little Turkey Lake, Pretty Lake, of some 300 acres, and Long Lake, two 
miles long and one-half mile broad. Lake of the Woods is the other large lake 
in this group. Blackmun Lake, in Milford, is the first of the large group which 
makes Johnson emphatically the lake township. These are, except Sloan Lake 
in the north, drained into the Elkhart River. Oliver Lake, with its appendage, 
Olen Lake, is the most considerable body of water in the county, coverino' 
over six hundred acres. Adams Lake has an area of about three hundred and 
twenty acres. Atwood Lake covers about two hundred and fifty acres, while 
the long, narrow stretch of water, some three miles long, called Witmer, West- 
ler. Third and Dallas Lakes, occupies several hundred acres. Still another 
small lake, Nauvoo, lies east of Wolcottville. 

All of these picturesque little lakes, if joined together, would only form a 
water area , of about seven square miles, but scattered about as they are, with 
beautiful natural surroundings, and filled with fish, such as bass, pickerel, perch, 
sunfish, catfish, and the resort of innumerable feathered game, they are of great 
value, and a source of much recreation. Many of the lakes, however, are 
becoming depopulated of their finny habitants, and every disciple of ^entle 
Isaac Walton sliould urge some measure to restore their former attractiveness in 
this respect. The lakes are mainly found in the higher lands and not sur- 



14 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

rounded with marshy land to a great extent. But a much greater area is occu- 
pied with swamps and marshes. In the western townships, Van Buren, New- 
bury, Eden, Clay and Clearspring, are found most of the wet lands. The most 
extensive of these huge deposits of muck and decaying vegetable matter, are 
Hobbs' Marsh and Big Marsh, a chain of bogs, swamp, little lakes and rivu- 
lets, extending through Clay and Van Buren, and lying between the rolling 
country south and the level lands to the north. But the largest marshes are 
in south Newbury and Eden, along the branches of the Little Elkhart. One 
of these is drained by a large ditch some three miles in length. Scores of 
miles of ditches have been cut, under the State laws, during the last few years, 
and large tracts of land, seemingly iireclaimable, have been brought under the 
yoke — of oxen and the plow. Another decade will witness still greater 
improvements in this respect. 

A more pleasing feature of the landscape are the prairies. Of these, 
Greenfield rejoices in two, covering about twelve sections — English Prairie in 
the center, and to the northwest of Lexington, Pretty Prairie. On the opposite 
side of Cedar Lake and its outlet, and extending to Lima, lies the beautiful 
Mongoquinong Prairie. The name untranslated is more romantic than the 
English rendering, which is said to be " Big Squaw." In the southern part of 
Springfield lies Brushy Prairie, embracing about three sections. 

In the southwest corner of Clearspring, and the southeast of Eden, is a 
tract of .land of some four thousand acres, known as the Haw Patch. This, 
when first settled by the white man, was sparsely covered by oak, hickory and 
hawthorn, and presenting a most enticing prospect to the pioneer. It is still 
a beautiful country, and its farms have, for years, commanded the highest prices 
for lands at a like distance from shipping-points. 

La Grange County is situated upon the great glacial drift, which covers 
to the depth of 100 feet or more the rocks of the Silurian period.. They were 
formed at a very remote period in the earth's history, when the lake region was 
one vast inland gulf These rocks are a kind of gray limestone, and are often 
more than a thousand feet in thickness. They are almost wholly composed of 
the remains of the lower forms of marine life, such as radiates, mollusks and 
articulates. But it is only in the southern counties of this region that these 
Silurian rocks ai-e found at the surface. As to the cause of this overlving de- 
posit of sand, clay and gravel, the generally adopted theory is well stated by 
Mr. Christian Y. Roop, formerly of La Grange, in an essay upon La Grange 
County geology, as follows : 

"Nearly every part of the earth's crust has been subject to frequent 
changes of elevation. When the Silurian rocks were being formed by the 
deposition of shells, a shallow inland sea covered all this region of country, 
and the whole of what is now North America enjoyed an almost tropical 
climate. But as time rolled on, the continent gradually became more and 
more elevated, the climate became colder and colder, the ice fields of the North 



JIISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTV. 15 

grew southward, as the Alpine glaciers flow, until at last the whole northern 
part of North America was covered with snow and ice, thousands of feet 
thick ; from these vast ice fields there issued with slow motion, but almost 
resistless power, those enormous glaciers, or rivers of ice, in whose paths 
mountains were reduced to pebbles, and the hardest rocks were ground to 
sand. As these glaciers moved southward, the increasing heat melted and 
diminished tliem until they finally disappeared, giving rise to numerous rivers 
that dashed onward to the ocean. The melting of the glaciers, of course, 
caused the deposit of those immense masses of rocks and earth which had been 
transported from the far North. These deposits form what is called the great 
northern drift, and their southern limit in Indiana is not far from the city of 
Indianapolis. South of that line, we find none of those large rounded granite 
bowlders such as are so plenty in this county. After long ages of glacial action, 
the continent began to slowly subside ; and, as the climate again grew warmer, 
the limit of the moving wall of ice was gradually pressed toward the North. 
Each returning summer the land was deluged with terrific floods, flowing from 
the melting glaciers. Tiiese annual floods served to still further grind and 
mix the enormous glacial deposits, until at last the wall of ice was pushed so 
far north that the water from the melting mass found shorter passage to the 
sea ; and all this region of country was left a gently rolling surface, much as 
we now find it." 

As the ice gradually receded to the north, and the huge lakes drained 
away, they left a country covered, in the low places, with beds of blue clay, 
and large deposits of gravel and sand. Upon this a vegetation sprang up' 
much like that of the present. But in the forests, and over the level plains, 
there roamed some animals that would now seem strangely out of place in In- 
diana. Not only bisons and horses, and other animals familiar to us, but huge 
mastodons and mammoths, who browsed from the trees and watered at the 
lakes and the wide, sluggish rivers. Their remains have almost entirely per- 
ished, except in those instances where the animals were caught in the mire. 
A number of teeth, however, have resisted the erosion of years, and are some- 
times plowed up in the fields. 

A few years ago, a Mr. Boyd, while ditching in Hobbs' Marsh, a few miles 
northwest of La Grange, discovered the well-preserved skull of a mastodon, but 
the other portions had disappeared. The bones were found about three feet be- 
neath the surface. They were washed and taken to La Grange, where they cre- 
ated considerable excitement. One man ofi'ered §5 for them, another offered 
$10, and a commercial traveler raised the amount to §75, but the owner refused 
to sell at any price. He exhibited them at Ligonier, La Grange, and at other 
places, but at last sold them for a small amount to parties at La Grange, where 
they are now owned. The bones are undoubtedly those of the mastodon, as 
the crown of the teeth have those peculiar conical projections characteristic of 
the animal, besides two small cavities some two inches in diameter, on the ante- 



16 IIISTOIIV OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

rior portion of the inferior maxillary, for the insertion, probably, of small 
tusks, or teeth. 

Since then, the country has been in great part covered by lakes and marshes, 
gradually filling up with decaying vegetable matter. In some unexplained 
way, the prairies have been formed, with their rich, loamy soil. The oak open- 
ings, covering over half the county, have produced a sandy loam, while in the 
heavy timber, the clay predominates. This diversity in soil favors a variety in 
farm products. The " barrens " are well adapted to wheat; the clay lands, in 
addition to wheat, corn, grass and oats, and the prairies to wheat and corn. 
With respect to the dry lands of the different townships, Newbury, Eden, Clear- 
spring, Lima, Greenfield and Springfield are almost wholly prairies and oak 
openings ; Milford and Van Buren largely oak openings ; while Bloomfield, 
Clay, Newbury and Johnson had much heavy timber. 

In many of the marshes, large beds of marl are found. There are, of course, 
no stone quarries, and the only stone available as building material are the 
bowlders, which suffice only for foundation walls. Little clay is found in the 
county, and much of this is so intermixed with gravel as to be useless. A brick 
yard a few miles south, and one west of La Grange, have furnished most of the 
brick used in building in La Grange and vicinity. Of course, no ores are found 
in the county, of any noteworthy economic value. In several of the marshes 
occur considerable deposits of bog iron ore or limonite, a hydrous oxide of iron 
collected by decaj'ing plants from the soil and water. Such an abundance of it 
was found on Buck Creek that it was smelted for some years, at the " Old 
Forge " in Lima Ton^nship. But this mineral is not valuable, unless as the last 
resort. 

The resources of La Grange County, it will be seen, are exclusively in the 
rich soil. This, before the settler came, produced magnificent forests. The 
following list includes all the important trees, in the order of their abundance 
at present : Beech, white oak, burr oak, black oak, red oak, sugar maple, elm, 
poplar or tuliptree, white ash, blue ash, hard maple, pignut hickory, black ash, 
shellbark hickory, basswood, black walnut, cherry, sycamore, sassafras, white 
walnut, tamarack, Cottonwood, white pine, coffee-nut, red cedar and box elder. 
At an earlier day, however, walnut, ash and hickory stood nearer the head of 
the list. Other shrubs, such as hawthorn, dogwood, iron wood, papaw, 
plum, hazel, crab apple, shadberry, contribute by their fruit or flowers to the 
beauty or interest of the forests. Huckleberries and cranberries are abundant 
in many places, and grapes, blackberries, gooseberries, raspberries, strawber- 
ries, are found everywhere. Of the smaller plants, representatives of nearly 
every family in American botany are found here, except the vegetation of rocks 
and mountains. Mucii valuable timber has been squandered in the county, but 
great destruction was inevitable in the early days, for farms had to be cleared, 
and there was no possible disposition of the timber except to roll it into the log 
heap and burn it. The forests have furnished the whole of the fuel of the 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 17 

county until within a very few years, when coal is just beginning to be intro- 
duced. 

The fauna of the county is not extensive. In the earliest settlement, deer, 
wolves, beavers, and an infrequent bear and wildcat, were the most important 
wild animals, and occasionally still a bear strays into the county and raises a 
commotion. Squirrels of several varieties are quite numerous in the woods, 
and are the principal attraction to the hunter, and the fox, polecat, ground hog, 
rabbit, mink, muskrat, weasel, mole, mouse and gopher are more or less abund- 
ant. Game birds are much less numerous than formerly, and are rapidly dis- 
appearing. Of these, the most common were the quail, pheasant, prairie fowl, 
pigeon, wild turkey, geese, ducks, cranes and snipes. Owls, hawks and more 
ignoble birds of prey are in the usual number, and occasionally an eagle visits 
the forests. Reptiles are not very plentiful, except the harmless ones, although 
about the marshes the less venomous species of rattlesnake, the Massasauga, is 
slaughtered occasionally, during hay cutting, in great numbers. These poison- 
ous reptiles have been very numerous in the swamps, but have been productive 
of extremely little mortality, if any. The most valuable insect of the early 
days was, of course, the "busy bee," and the red man and white man vied in 
pursuit of its luscious product. Honey was very abundant. There is no 
scarcity in any branch of insect life, except that the county is little troubled 
with any of the pests which destroy the crops. The potato beetle is of course 
excepted. This interesting tramp is universal. 

The Indians found in the county by the white settlers were of the Potta- 
watomie tribe, an inoffensive, quiet people, like all true Indians, much addicted 
to the chase. Their worst crime was the consumption of the "fire-water" 
which the pale-face supplied to them, and their capacity in this respect was 
almost unbounded. They occupied the St. Joseph country and Kankakee 
Valley. One of their most important villages was Mongoquinong, now called 
Lima, and Ontario, from which trails led south to Fort Wayne, upon which was 
afterward built the "old Wayne road," north to the large Indian village once 
near the site of Mendon, Mich., westward to the St. Joseph Mission, and 
another to Haw Patch. Along these trails, and many others running through- 
out the county, there was continual travel by the nomadic red men in their 
hunting and trading expeditions. During the excitement of the Black Hawk 
war iu 1832, there was some fear that the Pottawatomies would join in the 
scrimmage, and it was even reported at one time that at a certain phase of the 
moon they would make an alliance with a hostile tribe. But nothing came of 
it. One day during this feverish time, it was told that a practical joker among 
the pale-faces of Union Mills, with the help of several whites and Indians, 
concocted a scheme that so thoroughly frightened the neighborhood that the 
remembrance is yet fresh in the minds of the citizens. The details may be 
found in the chapter on Springfield Township. In 1839, the Indians were 
removed westward, finally to Kansas. Coquillard was one of the agents for 



18 HISTOUV OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

their removal. They submitted to the purchase of their homes very readily, as 
a tribe, but many of them were anxious to remain. They clung lovingly to 
their old St. Joseph country, and even after it was thought all were gone, a 
lone Pottawatomie would sometimes wander back to the old hunting grounds. 

The curious custom of burial prevailing among the Indians would often 
give rise to sensations. It would not be uncommon to find the remains of their 
dead tied to a tree in a thicket. One day some persons uncovering a sugar 
trough below Van Buren, where a White Pigeon party had been making sugar, 
were startled to find it had become the sepulcher of a red man. The most 
notable chiefs before the white men came were White Pigeon, whom one of the 
oldest settlers, John Kromer, remembered meeting, and who is buried at a well 
known spot near the town which bears his name ; and Shipshewana, who sleeps 
on the north shore of the lake which commemorates him, some say, although it 
is claimed by others that his grave was some distance east of the lake. 

This country is, as must already have occurred to the reader, admirably 
adapted to agricultural pursuits. This adaption was early recognized, and a 
commendable disposition and effort manifested to make the best use of it. 
Another fact was also appreciated, and that is, that agricultural development 
of a community was not best promoted by every tiller of the soil's digging 
away, week after week, and year after year, many planting, reaping and gar- 
nering away, regardless of all around, or of any improvements that might be 
suggested by others, or with indifference to social advancement of society. 
The illiterate idea that not brains, but brute force only, is needed for good 
farming, was discarded, and an effort made to advance the true and nobler 
ideal ; that agricultural pursuits should, of all others, be the master agencies of 
civilization; that ihey should challenge the attention of the best and wisest; 
that instead of allowing the towns and cities to attract away the aspiring youth, 
the farm home should have that intelligence, refinement and honor; that young 
men should see in it more facilities for culture and distinction, than in the 
bustle, turmoil and pit-falls of city life. To secure this, it was seen that farm- 
ers must aspire to excellence in cultivation, produce the best the soil can be 
compelled to bring forth, raise the best stock, have neat homes, promote social 
and pleasant intercourse among themselves. As the people in towns and cities 
co-operate in the improvements that make to the material benefit of all, so must 
farmers. Among the co-operate measures that have done much to honor the 
calling of farming, has been that of county agricultural societies, for the hold- 
ing of annual fairs. La Grange County was one of the earliest counties to 
lead off in this direction, and it is believed the most faithful and persistent in 
the State. No county agricultural society in the State that has so long continual 
existence, or held fairs without interiuption so many years, can now be recalled. 

The La Grange County Agricultural Society was organized October 1, 
1852. The first officers were : Amos Davis, President; Andrew E. Durand, 
Vice President; Robert McClasky, Treasurer; C. B. Holmes, Secretary. The 







La Grange County Court House 



HISTORY OP LA GRANGE COUNTY. 21 

first fair was held on the 18th day of October, 1853, for the premiums of which, 
we find the records show $250 were appropriated. The Presidents and Secre- 
taries of the society since, have been: 1853 — C. Corey, President; C. B. 
Holmes, Secretary. 185-1 — C. Corey, President; Mills Averill, Secretary. 
1855 — C. Corey, President; Mills Averill, Secretary. (The fair this year was 
held at Lima, but the next year was permanently located at La Grange.) 
1856-57-58— Hawley Peck, President; C. B. Holmes, Secretary. 1859— H. 
L. Putney, President; C. E. Holmes, Secretary. 1860-61-62 — No elections 
on record. 1863 — Hawley Peck, President; J. Rice, Secretary. 1864 — 
Jared Ford, President; Thomas Van Kirk, Secretary. 1865 — Dr. A. Lewis, 
President; Thomas Van Kirk, Secretary. 1866 — William Dorsey, President; 
Thomas Van Kirk, Secretary; receipts of the fair, $963.34. 1868 — Nelson 
Slater, President; Dr. F. P. Griffith, Secretary; receipts, $485.42. 1869— 
Luke Selby, elected President; George K. Poyser, acting President; Dr. F. 
P. Griffith, Secretary; receipts of fair, $447.92. 1870— Elisha Talmage, 
President; Dr. F. P. Griffith, Secretary. 1871 — C. B. Holmes, President; 
Thomas Van Kirk, Secretary; receipts, $883.40. 1872— C. B. Holmes, 
President; Thomas Van Kirk, Secretary; receipts, $1,001.50. 1873— C. B. 
Holmes, President; Thomas Van Kirk, Secretary; receipts, $1,370. 1874 — 
C. B. Holmes, President; W. T. Hissong, Secretary; receipts, $1,406.35. 
1875 — C. B. Holmes, President; Thomas Van Kirk, Secretary; J. S. Drake, 
Treasurer; receipts, $1,292. 1876 — C. B. Holmes, President; Thomas Van 
Kirk, Secretary; receipts, $1,142.75. 1877— C. B. Holmes, President; 
Thomas Van Kirk, Secretary; receipts, $1,682.25. 1878— S. K. Ruick, 
President; Ira Ford, Secretary; receipts, $1,234. 1879 — S. K. Ruick, Pres- 
ident; Ira Ford, Secretary; receipts, $1,175.75. 1880 — John McDonald, 
President; John M. Preston, Secretary; receipts, $1,621.78. 1881 — John 
McDonald, President; J. J. Gillette, Secretary; receipts, $1,105.66. 

Spring fairs have been held in the spring of the last three years, but 
have not, with the exception of the first one, proved profitable to the society. 

The principal productions owned and being produced in the county for the 
years 1880 and 1881, and other items, as gathered by the Assessors, and 
reported June 1, 1881, are as follows : 

Acres of wheat sown in the fall of 1880 47,095 

Acres of spring wheat sown in the spring of 1881 21 

Acres of corn planted in 1881 24,102 

Acres of oats sown in 1881 5,889 

Acres of rye sown in 1881 64 

Acres of buckwheat to be sown 166 

Acres of Irish potatoes in 1881 741 

Acres of timothy meadow in 1881 5,117 

Acres of clover in 1881 22,283 

Acres of blue gi'ass and other wild gras.s 9,323 

Acres of plow laud not cultivated in 1881 8,516 

Acres of new land brought under cultivation in 1881 1,384 



22 HISTORY OP LA GIIANGE COUNTY. 

Number of acres of timber land fenced or unfenced in 1881 43,600 

Number of steam IhreBliers owned during threshing season of 1880 40 

Number of horse-power threshers owned during the season of 1880 4 

Number of bushels of wheat cut and threshed in 18^0 860,418 

Number of bushels of oats cut and thrcsheil in 1880 150,165 

Number of bushels of rve cut and threshed in 1880 300 

Number of bushels of flaxseed cut and threshed in 1880 5,673 

Acres of wheat harvested in 1880 47,879 

Bushels of wheat harvested in 1880 769,224 

Bushels of corn gathered in 1880 21,878 

Bushels of wheat gathered in 1880 764,019 

Acres of oats harvested in 1880 6,022 

Bushels of oats harvested in 18^0 165,826 

Acres of Irish potatoes planted in 1880 581 

Bushels of Irish potatoes dug in lH8u 41,778 

Acres of meadow in 1880 13,054 

Tons of hay cut in 1880 19,042 

Acres of clover cut in 1880 8,523 

Bushels of clover seed sown in 1880 4,678 

Bushels of fall apples, 1880 120,860 

Bushels of winter apples, 18S0 63,383 

Bushels of dried apples, 1880 1,854 

Bushels of pears, 1880 879 

Bushels of peaches, 1880 6,861 

Husliels of dried peaches, 1880 300 

I'ounds of grapes, 1880 117,059 

Gallons of strawberries, 1880 4,095 

Gallons of currants, gooseberries ami blackberries, 188(1 5,987 

Gallons of cherries, 1880 11,083 

Gallons of cider, 1880 206,218 

Gallons of vinegar, 188(1 8,045 

Gallons of wine, 1880 462 

Gallons of sorghum molasses, 1880 6,063 

Gallons of maple molasses, 1880 787 

Pounds of maple sugar, 1880 4,050 

Gallons of milk from the cows, 1880 1,647,637 

Pounds of butter sold and used by the producers, 1880 476,048 

Number of horses one year old and under 686 

Number of horses one to two years old 492 

Number of horses two to three years old 441 

Number of horses three to four years old 357 

Number of horses four years old and over 4,469 

Number of mules one year old and under 8 

Number of mules of other ages 72 

Number of cattle one year old and under 4,038 

Number of cattle one to two years old 2,761 

Number of cattle two to three years old 1,339 

Number of cattle three years old and over 7,098 

Number of fattened hogs 16,728 

Average weight of fattened hogs, pounds 201 

Number of fatted hogs which will be old and fat, 1881 14,248 

Number of grown sheep 33,503 

Number of lambs 10,030 

Number of pounds of wool clipped in 1880 135,356 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGK COUNTY. 23 

Dozens of chickens sold and used for the last twelve months 5,727 

Dozens of turkeys used and sold for the last twelve months 321 

Dozens of geese sold and used for the last twelve months 103 

Dozens of ducks sold and used for the las^ twelve months 263 

Dozens of eggs sold and used for the last iwelve mouths 174,441 

Pounds of feathers picked 706 

Total number of dogs owned or kept 1,185 

Number of stands of bees 1,612 

Number of pounds of honey taken for the past twelve months 7,173 

Number of pianos 38 

Number of organs 342 

Number of sewing machines 1,389 

From the State Statistician's Report of 1880, we glean the following items 
in relation to the county : 

Number of church organizations 32 

Number of members — male, 722; female, 1,091 1,813 

Value of church structures $50,000 

Amount of salaries paid ministers, one year $8,094 

Number of practicing physicians 28 

Number of attorneys 13 

Number of ministers 29 

Number of teachers in public schools 195 

WAGES. 

Rate of wages paid for the year ending June 30, 1879, monthly and 
weekly rates being reduced to the equivalent per day : 

Bar-tenders $ 77 

Brickmakers 1 50 

Blacksmiths 1 87 

Brick-masons 2 08 

Cabinet-makers 2 00 

Carpenters 1 87 

Day laborers 1 00 

Hotel clerks 77 

Coopers 1 50 

Dressmakers 75 

Domestic help 34 

Engineers, stationary 1 08 

Farm hands 63 

Livery-stable hands 69 

Machinists 1 00 

PUBLIC WORKS. 

Miles of railroad in the county 16.57 

CkjsI of construction and equipment $557,416 

Value for taxation, 1881 $145,335 

Miles of common roads 665 

Estimated cost of construction and maintenance for the last ten years $266,000 

Acres of land in roadways 2,759 

Estimated value of lands in roadways $44,144 

Total estimated value inTested for the use of the public, as in public 
buildings, schoolhouses, churches, roads, bridges, and permanent 
school fund $1,200,000 



24 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTV. 

REAL ESTATE OWNERS. 

In 1875 Land, 2.525. Lots, 360 

In 1879 Land, 2,760. Lots, 350 

This indicates that land-owners are increasing, rather than diminishing. 

THE CENSUS. 

The population of the county, as reported by the census returns, has 
been as follows : 

1840 3,R61 

1850 8,369 

1860 11,350 

1870 14,123 

1880 15,639 

The last census showed 8,017 males, 7,622 females. Of the males, 3,940 
were of voting age, over twenty-one years. 

The population of the several townships, in 1880, was : 

1880 1870 

Van Buren 1,374 1,347 

Newbury 1,392 1,159 

Eden 1,111 930 

Clcarspring 1,370 1,223 

Clay 1,408 1,223 

Lima 1,336 1,371 

Greenfield 1,182 1,078 

Bloomlield 2,571 2,254 

Johnson 1,565 1,32"2 

Milford 1,312 1,288 

Springfield 1,018 928 

16,639 14,123 

Of those reported in 1880, 110 had passed their seventy-fifth year. The 
oldest reported was eighty-nine. 

Table showing the number of marriage licenses issued, the number of 
letters of administration or executorship taken out, and the number of divorces 
granted in the county, during the last eleven years : 

Mnrriage Letters of A(i- 
Ytar. Licenses nnniHtration alul Dirurcei. 

Issued. Executorsliip. 

1870 130 2n 16 

1871 95 23 13 

1872 98 28 22 

1878 124 23 10 

1874 132 22 18 

1875 110 25 8 

1876 117 22 11 

1877 113 29 8 

1878 124 32 14 

1879 118 19 II 

1880 104 ... 18 

Total 1,265 ... 149 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 25 

[The following from the pen of Mr. Edward S. Edmunds, an enthusiastic 
student of geology, as well as of all other branches of natural science, will be 
read with interest. — Ed.] 

Glancing backward through the cycles and epicycles of the past, the evi- 
dences of constant and untiring change are written as with a mystic pen upon 
all forms of matter. So far as the human mind can penetrate with its keen 
acumen, its profound reasoning and its knowledge and experience of the past, 
unmistakable proofs of growth and development of even our own planet are to 
be seen upon every hand. If we trace human history downward into pre-his- 
toric soil, we find it replete with evidences of the rise, decline and fall of nations. 
From the ashes of the old, like the ancient phoenix, the new has arisen, and pass- 
ing toward the zenith of its power it rushed onward to the horizon of dissolu- 
tion, having been borne forward by the ever-flowing current of human destiny. 
Thus for ages these dramas of human life have been enacted. Likewise through 
the geologic past, the three great kingdoms of nature have been built, torn down 
and rebuilt in cyclic repetition. The human mind, having emerged from the 
dark clouds of superstition which have hung like the pall of night over the 
path of progression, is asserting its just and proper right — that of reason ; hence 
in the seed of the present lies the golden fruit of the future. " Star-eyed sci- 
ence " opens wide the door of knowledge and invites the thinking and un- 
thoughtful to explore her hidden vaults and seize the precious treasures which 
have lain hidden through all the cosmical ages. The human mind, being a prod- 
uct of the Divine mind, seeks to know the causes of this world of complex mat- 
ter, recognizing that all things are governed by Law. Chief among the ques" 
tions now agitating the depths of the thinking mind is that of world-formation. 
In this connection, the two sciences. Astronomy and Geology, go hand in hand ; 
but as the former pertains to the universe, we take the latter and will endeavor 
to present to the reader the revealed geology of our county. Leaving the topo- 
graphical portion, which has been described by Dr. Rerick, the first thing that 
claims our attention is the character of the soil. As many do not know how 
the soil has been formed, I will endeavor to explain the matter in question. 
Throughout the long and wonderful periods of geological history, the " forces 
of nature," such as heat, light, air, water, electricity, etc., have continually 
wrought upon the rocky portion of the earth's crust. Continents have arisen 
from the bosom of primitive seas, to be submerged again beneath the waters of 
a boiling cauldron. For we must remember that the internal fires of our planet 
in former times often broke through the thin film of rock, overturning the land 
thus far raised above the first ocean. This operation must have been repeated 
innumerably when, by this constant action, assisted by the destroying power of 
electricity and other agents, massive portions of rock were ground to powder. 
The different elements of nature, such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc., are 
powerful agencies of destruction and composition, and during the time when our 
county was covered with ice-fields and glaciers, this disintegration was carried 



26 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

on. Thus, after years and centuries and, for aught we know, aeons of time, 
many places upon tlie earth's surface are covered with this powdered rock. 
During the more recent periods, the vegetation which has flourished for cen- 
turies has passed througli its cycles of growth, dropped to the earth and min- 
gled its substance with the powdered rock. Thus, by a constant intermingling 
of the humus (as it is called) with the disintegrated rock, we have the substance 
called soil. 

The chemical elements of the soil differ greatly with the locality. Here, 
it must be known by the reader that of all the elements entering into the 
structure of the everlasting rock, silica is the most abundant, composing nearly 
one-half of the crust. It is prevalent in almost every variety of rock, and, in 
its pure state, is what we term " sand." The white color, or clear appearance 
of the sand, is owing to the characteristics of the silica. Upon examination, 
under a microscope of moderate power, these particles are found to be, in many 
instances, of crystalline form, having numerous geometrical angles. If, on the 
other hand, the sand is of a dirty or yellow appearance, it is owing to the 
quantity of iron or other coloring matter contained. Regarding the quality of 
the soil, the prairies, having been covered for centuries with rank vegetation, 
and previously submerged by the lakes that covered that portion of the surface, 
are covered with what is called a "black loam" — the cause of this color being 
the abundance of that productive quality of the soil, ^^ humus," or vegetable 
mold. This, through the changes which have been wrought, has become com- 
pounded with the sand in small quantities, and through the agency of "sub- 
soiling," it has mixed somewhat with the under soil, thus rendering it highly 
productive. Upon what are called the " oak-openings," the soil, having a 
much less quantity of '■'■humus," contains a much larger percentage of sand, 
consequently it is of a lighter color. Hence, with fertilizers and cropping, it 
is quite well adapted to the cereals, as the large portion of silica it contains 
enters so materially into the stalk of the grain. Scattered throughout the 
county are quite extensive marshes, which owe their formation to rank vegeta- 
ble growth and submersion after a series of years, the accumulation being so 
great as to form, in some instances, a thick matted stratum several feet in thick- 
ness. In some instances, however, several strata have been formed in the same 
way. In Ireland, and in numerous places in this country, these formations are 
numerous, and are known under the familiar name of "peat bogs." In Ire- 
land the poorer classes cut these bogs up into scjuares and rectangles, and when 
dry, the peat makes good fuel. When these " peat beds " have become for a 
long time submerged, they form coal. In earlier geological ages, when the 
mastodon, dinotherium, etc., flourished, they often wandered over these marshes, 
and, sinking into the mire, portions of their skeletons have been preserved, 
where they fell a victim to indiscretion, but a monument to the geologist. La 
Grange County lies wholly within the Bowlder Drift, or Quaternary epoch, 
varying from eighty to two hundred and twelve feet in thickness, approxi- 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 27 

mately. In many instances these figures are, perhaps, much modified, but by 
carefully examining the wells that have been sunk, and from the statements of 
those engaged in well-sinking, I have come to this conclusion: The clay 
formation is most predominant, with a little sand and clay on the top, inter- 
spersed with now and then a bowlder. This develops the fact that the great 
bulk of the recent formation is clay. Near the gravel this is often very com- 
pact, and is then called "hard-pan." Sometimes, in boring for water, the 
auger strikes a large bowlder ; in such cases, the auger must be withdrawn and 
another trial made in a new locality. Generally, after going through the " hard- 
pan," water is found in the layer of sand below. In some localities, the clay 
is so abundant that it has been used in the manufacture of brick, but in nearly 
every instance has been abandoned, as the predominance of lime rendered them 
inferior for building purposes. However, some brick are burned, but they are 
used only for rough work. 

In some localities, and particularly in Van Buren Township, beds of 
" bog-iron ore " occur, and, as these are the most extensive of any in the 
county, I will describe them and their formation. They lie about a mile south- 
west of the village of Van Bui-en, in quite a low portion of that section, and 
covering an area of several thousand square yards. For many years after these 
beds were discovered, and even after they had been worked for some time, their 
origin was unknown. But since science has become developed, it is no longer 
a mystery. The wonderful chemical laboratory of nature is the scene of these 
mysterious transformations. The " bog ore " of Van Buren is said to contain 
in its purest form 70 per cent of iron, and when smelted is remarkable for its 
tenacity. This, together with its large percentage of iron, has, during the 
earlier history of the county, caused these mines to be extensively worked. 
Smelting works were established in Lima Township, where for some years the 
"ore " was prepai-ed for the market; but after railroads were established, and 
more extensive mines discovered, these sank into insignificance. 

As history is the record of the past events of man, so is geology the his- 
tory of our planet ; and, as the monuments and traditions of past ages reveal 
to us the condition of humanity at particular periods, so do the rocky monuments 
— the fossils and the primitive sea-beach — disclose to the geologist the remains 
of former continents, upon whose shores the primitive ocean beat, and in whose 
waters tliere existed the animals of those epochs. Since the creation of the 
science of geology, these different epochs have received names which have given 
us a geological nomenclature, as follows : Archsean, Silurian, Devonian, 
Carboniferous, etc. As ours is the " Bowlder Period," the underlying rocks 
which crop out not far from Indianapolis are covered to the depth of many 
hundred feet with the drift which came from the extreme northern regions ; 
and so the fossils of our county are the rocky testimonials of the existence of 
Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous periods of growth. Many interesting 
fossils have been gathered from the field, the brook, the cemetery and the hill- 



28 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

side. To many of those who have them hoarded up, they are nothing more 
than " curious stones," but to the geologist they are land-mariis of former ages, 
when the conditions for existence were far different than now. Conglomerates, 
'' pudding-stone," geodes, trilobites, different kinds of shell-fish, animals re- 
sembling the lobster, craw-fish, etc., are found. Of these, however, the trilo- 
bite, the earlier animal of the Silurian seas, is rarely found, only a few 
specimens having been preserved. Of the later periods, I have found a few of 
the minor specimens of the Jurassic and Triassic periods.* This, by noted 
geologists, is regarded as very remarkable ; but, when we consider the fact that 
this period crops out in British Columbia as well as on the Rocky Mountains, 
it were easy to conceive of such fossils drifting, with those of other periods, to 
the southward. At some future time, when an opportunity presents itself, I 
intend to put on exhibition and publish an account of these remarkable fossils. 
[Since it has been established that Northern Indiana, including La Grange 
County, is rich in the remains of that mysterious people known as Mound- 
Builders, it seems necessary to give at this point what is known of those people 
in this vicinity. The reader will find in Chapter I, Part II, of this volume, a 
complete classification of the Mound-Builders' works. Without attempting 
another such classification, the antiquities of La Grange County, so far as known, 
will be considered. It may be premised, that, from the fact that no supposi- 
tional military fortifications have been discovered in either of the two counties, 
La Grange or Noble, the territory was in the center of a large country of Mound- 
Builders, and not on the border, or between two or more hostile tribes. Nothing 
has been found here, with one possible exception, save sepulchral, sacrificial 
and memorial mounds. Owing to the state of the weather, the historian has 
been unable (as was done in Noble County) to make a personal examination of 
the mounds of La Grange County. However, many of those which were opened 
in the past by citizens of the county, who were generally careless in their exam- 
inations, have been made to yield up a portion of their secrets. A number of 
years ago, two mounds were opened on Section 13, Milford Township. A quan- 
tity of crumbling human bones was taken from one of them, among them being 
a skull quite well preserved. Some of the teeth were almost as sound as they 
ever were, and the under-jaw, a massive one, was especially well preserved. In 
the other mound was found a layer of ashes and charcoal, extending over two 
or three square yards of ground. This was undoubtedly a mound where sacri- 
fices were offered to the deity of the Mound-Builders, and where burial rites 
with fire were performed. On the line between Sections 20 and 29, Springfield 
Township, is what miglit have been a fortification. The writer carefully exam- 
ined the spot which is the summit of a gradual elevation ; but, although Mr. 

* If it ia really the case that Mr. Edmunds has discovered in the county roclcy or fossiliferous relica of the 
Jurassic or Triassic periods, the discovery will certuinly be of great interest to those who have made the geology of 
Northern Indiana a study. As the Drift, with which these lelics were found, came from the north, it could only hate 
come from those places where strabi of the Jurassic or Tria-iSic periods outcropped or were suiiiciently near the sur- 
face to admit of being taken up, either by the glaciers, or later, by their successors — the icebergs. The 1 rift of this 
I'lc-ility coul i scarcely have come from British Columbia or Connecticut, or Massachusetts, or further south along the 
Atlaritic coast, as is proved by the glacial markings, which usually do not vary greatly from a north and south line. 
The relics may have been brought here by icebergs, which were wider travelers than the glaciers. Or, perhaps, the 
riilics do not belong to the above-named periods after all. 




''^^^^i^^.^,^/^y^^^^^^^2:^ 



COUNTr CLERK 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 31 

George Thompson indicated the position of the alleged circular embankment, 
only slight traces of it were visible, and these were apparently much the result 
of speculation. It may have been, however, as the old settlers assert. Near the 
center of the level space on the summit was a large mound, at least five feet in 
height, in 1836. This was opened about that time, and from it were taken 
enough bones to indicate that more than one person had been buried there. 
It is said that a few trinkets, such as slate ornaments or mica, were found. In 
the same township, about a mile northwest of this spot, is one large mound and 
perhaps a smaller one. These, it is said, have not been seriously disturbed. 
On Section 27, Clay Township, are two mounds, large ones, which have not been 
subjected to exhaustive examination. The writer has been told that there are 
three mounds in the eastern part of Lima Township, on the farm of George 
Shafer. Three-quarters of a mile northwest of Lima, on the Craig farm, are 
three mounds, which were opened a number of years ago. The usual bones and 
charcoal were found, as were also various trinkets, which may be seen in the 
private collections of curiosities at Lima. About forty rods west of James 
Moony's house, in Van Buren Township, are three mounds, all of which have 
been opened. Human bones, slate ornaments and other trinkets were found, 
as was also an abundance of ashes and charcoal. There are also mounds in 
the vicinity of Buck, Shipshewana and Twin Lakes. The peculiar formation 
about Wall and other lakes is due to the agency of ice. It is thought by some 
that the Indians or Mound-Builders were responsible for the embankment, but 
no one familiar with formations of the kind will make such a declaration. Such 
walls are very numerous on the banks of Western lakes, especially those of 
Illinois and Iowa. Around some of the lakes of the latter State is a continuous 
chain of bowlders and gravel, which, by observation through some thirty years, 
was undoubtedly thrown up by the united action of ice and waves, and the pro- 
cess of freezing and thawing. This fact is well understood and universally 
admitted by geologists, in Iowa. It may be added that there are other evidences 
in the county of the presence in past years of the Mound-Builders aside from 
their mounds. Reference is made to stone or other implements or ornaments. 
W. H. Duff and Master George Dayton, both of Lima, and Dr. Betts, of La 
Grange, especially the former two, have fine collections of antiquities. Mr. 
Duif has nearly 300 specimens, and Master Dayton has over 400. These con- 
sist mainly of stone axes, mauls, hammers, celts, mortars, pestles, flint arrow 
and spear heads, copper knives, and copper arrow or spear heads, fleshing and 
skinning instruments, ceremonial stones, shuttles, and various other implements 
evidently used in weaving or sewing, colored slate ornaments, breast-plates of 
stone, ornamental charms and totems, igneous stones, many curious varieties of 
arrow-heads and darts, etc., etc. There have also been found in the county a 
few extremely rare slate or stone ornaments or implements, bone and metallic 
ornaments, small fragments of pottery, mica (not native), curiously carved pipes 
of stone or other substance, besides other articles, the uses of which are extremely 
doubtful. Much more might be said in detail on the same subject. — Ed.] 



CHAPTER II. 

by j. h. rerick, m. d. 

Organization of the County— The Fiust Tekm of Court — The Bench and 
THE Bar— Trials for Murder — Public Buildings— Reminiscences of 
the Early Law Practitioners— Sketch of the Early Physicians and 
THE Practice of Medicine— Valuable County Statistics. 

FOR some years prior to 1833, the territory to be in the future calleu La 
Grange County and portions of Steuben, Noble and DeKalb Counties were 
attached to Elkhart County and known as the township of Mongoquinong. 
The county seat was at Goshen, Elkhart County, and one of the oldest living 
settlers was called to that place to serve upon a jury before the formation of 
this county. The first step toward separation was on February 2, 1832, si.\teen 
years after the organization of the State, when Gov. Noah Noble approved the 
act for the organization of the county. This act provided that " from and 
after the Ist day of April next, all that tract of country included in the fol- 
lowing boundaries shall form and constitute a new county, to be known and 
designated by the name of the county of La Grange, to wit: Beginning at 
the northeast corner of Elkhart County, thence running east with the northern 
boundary to the range line between 11 and 12, thence south sixteen and a half 
miles, thence west to eastern boundary of Elkhart County, thence north with 
said boundary to the beginning." 

Levi G. Thompson and Francis Comparet, of Allen County ; W. B. Grif- 
fith, of St. Joseph; Peter Noland, of Delaware; and William Watt, of Union, 
were appointed Commissioners to "fix the seat of justice," which task they 
were ordered to accomplish on the second Monday of May, 1833, at the house 
of Moses Rice. The Commissioners were to be notified of their appointment 
by the Sherifi" of Allen County. The same act provided that the Circuit Court 
and the Board of County Commissioners, when elected under the writ of elec- 
tion from the Executive Department, should hold their first session at the house 
of Moses Rice and adjourn to as near the center of the county as a convenient 
place could be had. It also provided that the agent appointed to superintend 
the sale of lots at the county seat should retain 10 per cent of the proceeds for 
the use of the public library. For judicial purposes, the county was attached 
to the Sixth Judicial District and was to be represented in the Legislature 
jointly with Allen County. All of the State east of La Grange and south to 
Townships 33 and 34, which includes Steuben County and three-fourths of De 
Kalb and Noble Counties, were attached to the new county for civil and judi- 
cial purposes. The Circuit Court was ordered to be held on the Mondays 



HISTORY OF LA GKASGE COUNTY. 33 

succeeding the courts in Eliiliart County and to sit three days each term, if 
the business demanded so extensive a session. 

The townships were organized as follows: The first division into townahips 
was into Lima and Greenfield, May 1-4, 1832. The remaining townships were 
organized as follows: Eden, November 5, 1832; Springfield, May 4, 1834; 
Bloorafield, May 5, 1835; Van Buren, January 3, 1837; Newbury, March 6, 
1837; Clearspring. March 6,1837; Johnson, March 6, 1837; Milford, Sept- 
ember 5, 1837 ; Clay, September 4, 1838. 

A county election was held in the spring of 1832, which resulted in the 
choice of the following first county oSicers : Joshua T. Hobbs, Clerk ; Daniel 
Harding, Sherifi" ; Thomas Gale, Treasurer ; David St. Clair, Recorder ; Jacob 
Vandevanter, Edmund Littlefield and Arthur Barrows, Commissioners. 

The first term of Circuit Court convened on the 22d day of October, 
1832, at the home of Moses Rice. Court was called in the open air, at a con- 
venient place between two hay stacks, and then moved into the house. The 
presiding Judge was Hon. Charles H. Test, who then filled the Sixth Circuit 
and is now a resident of the city of Indianapolis. Joshua T, Hobbs, the first 
Clerk-elect, presented his commission at this term, and was qualified as Clerk. 
The Sherifi'-elect, not havitig qualified, and Nehemiah Coldren, the Sherifi" by 
appointment of the Governor, being absent, Jesse Harding, the Coroner-elect, 
was qualified, and took his place as Sheriff, brought into court the first Grand 
Jury ever assembled in the county, and was the first to make the prairies echo 
with the cry " Hear ye, hear ye, this Honorable La Grange Circuit Court is now 
in session." 

The names of the Grand Jurymen were : Ebenezer Fish, Ami Lawrence, 
William Thrall, Isaac Wolgamott, Samuel Fish, Oliver Closson, Jonathan 
Gardner, Benjamin Gale, Samuel Anderson, William A. McNeal and Richard 
Northrop, who when sworn, the record says "retired to consult of their busi- 
ness." Luther Newton and Ephraim Seeley, presented their commissions as 
Associate Judges, who, after being qualified, took their seats with the Presiding 
Judge. Neal McGaff, of White Pigeon, and Samuel C. Sample, from St. Jo- 
seph County, were admitted as attorneys and counselors at the bar, exgracio^ 
for that term. Joseph Kerr and Daniel Harding were appointed bailiifs. S. 
C. Sample was afterward appointed Prosecuting Attorney in place of Williana 
J. Brown, the regular prosecutor, who was reported absent on account of sick- 
ness. 

But two cases were presented for trial, both of which were continued, 
Moses Hill presented a petition of ad quod damnum. The writ was granted to 
be returned at the next term. Daniel Fox, Frederick Hamilton, Thomas P. 
Burnell, William IiCgg and Samuel Burnell, all from " old England," made 
application, to make oath of their intention to become citizens of the United 
States. The only record of allowance at this term of the court, is that to 
bailiffs, of $3 each. 



34 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

The first Grand Jury chosen by the Commissioners, of which we have 
record, was for the May term, 183-i, of the Circuit Court, and consisted of the 
following persons : Thomas Gale, Otis Newmaa, John Jewett, Nehemiah Col- 
dren, Jonathan Gardner, John Langdon, Micayah Harding, Robert Latta, 
Samuel Fish, Spencer Fish, Samuel Robinson, Isaac Wolgamott, Samuel An- 
derson, George Egneu, Ami Lawrence, James Hostetter and John B. Clark. 

The second term of the Circuit Court was held at the house of Moses Rice, 
commencing on the 13th day of May, 1833. Presiding Judge, Hon. Gustavus 
Everts ; Clerk, Joshua T. Hobbs ; Sheriff, William Thrall ; Prosecutor, John 
B. Chapman. Charles W. Ewing, Jonathan A. Liston, David H. Colerick, 
Samuel W. Parker, Joseph E. Jernegan, and Neal McGaffey were admitted, 
ex graeio, to practice at the bar at thi.s term. The proceedings of this term 
make up a record of some twenty pages. Cases of assault and battery, riot 
and violation of the liquor license law were largely in the majority. One of 
the State cases was that of an indictment against a woman for retailing liquors 
contrary to law, on which she was found guilty and was mulcted in a fine of $2. 
The State cases entered on the docket, during the first three years after the or- 
ganization of the county, numbered about eighty, and are almost equal in num- 
ber with the State cases of the present time. 

The first resident lawyer of the La Grange bar was John B. Howe. Mr. 
Howe was admitted in 1834, and had for associates at the bar, in addition to 
those before mentioned, Samuel C. Sample, Charles W. Ewing, Henry Cooper, 
Thomas Johnson, and afterward William H. Combs. 

Mr. Howe says of these: ''They were thoroughly-read lawyers ;" ''and 
continues : " John B. Chapman, the author of the Buffalo & Mississippi charter 
for a railroad running along the northern border of the State, was then Prose- 
cuting Attorney. Gustavus A. Everts was Presiding Judge of the Court when 
I was admitted to the bar, at the spring term, 1831. I had applied at the fall 
term previous, and was examined by Cooper and Jernegan. I failed of admis- 
sion upon their report, because I failed in some answers to some of the most 
technical questions upon that, in some aspects, most technical of all subjects, 
the statute of uses. I brought myself to the required standard by six months' 
longer study, during a portion of which time I was keeping school. 

" The system of pleading at that time in use was that which prevails under 
the common law, and the practice of the High Court of Chancery in England ; 
and to show in a few words how readily all parts of the social system, even to 
pleading and practice in court, and conveyancing, adapt themselves to actual 
conditions, the common law pleading, with the exception of declarations and 
bills in chancery, including pleas, replications, rejoinders, rebutters, and, if 
need be, surrebutters, were for the most part drawn up and signed during 
court, and to a considerable extent in the court house. The true science of 
law is everywhere substantially the same, and the pleading and practice are 
only the machinery by which exact justice is done or attempted. Some injus- 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 35 

tice has undoubtedly been administered temporarily and unintentionally, in the 
use of some of the present simplified modes of pleading and practice, by adher- 
ing to that technicality, which was complained of in the administration of the 
old, the new forming no exception to the rule, that it takes time to establish 
and settle innovations of any kind, in whatever part of the social system they 
are introduced. Of all the old members of the bar, to whom I have referred, I 
fail to remember one who either was, or ever became, a politician, in the tech- 
nical sense. I came nearer than any other, except Coierick, who was a mem- 
ber of the General Assembly twice or more, I believe, being a member of the 
Senate at least one term. I was a member of the House of Representatives of 
the General Assembly in the " Harrison " year, 1840-41, and of the Consti- 
tutional Convention in 3 850." 

The Circuit Court President Judges, from the first organization of the 
county, in 1832, have been Charles H. Test, now of Indianapolis, commencing 
October, 1832 ; Gustavus A. Everts, commencing May term, 1833 ; S. C. 
Sample, commencing September term, 1836 ; Charles W. Ewing, commencing 
May term, 1837 ; John W. Wright, commencing April term, 1840 ; James 
Borden, commencing April term, 1842 ; Elza McMahon, commencing Septem- 
ber term, 1851 ; James L. Worden, now of Fort Wayne, commencing October 
term, 1855 ; Reuben J. Dawson, commencing March term, 1857 ; Edward R. 
Wilson, commencing March term, 18*50; Robert Lowry, now of Fort Wayne, 
commencing March term, 1865 ; Hiram Tousley, commencing March term, 
1867 ; James D. Osborne, commencing, by appointment, March term, 1875 ; 
William A. Woods, commencing December term, 1873. Judge Woods was 
elected to the Supreme Court of the State in 1880, and resigned his position as 
Judge of the Thirty-fourth Judicial Circuit. James D. Osborne, of Goshen> 
was appointed by the Governor to the vacancy, December, 1880. 

Until the adoption of the new Constitution, each Circuit Judge had seated 
with him on the bench, two Associate Judges elected by the people of the 
county. These Associate Judges up to this time were Luther A. Newton, 
1832; Ephriam Seeley, 1832; Thomas Spaulding, 1839; Samuel Wescott, 
1839; Amos Davis, 1844, and Joshua T. Hobbs, 1844. 

Separate Probate Courts were also held under the old Constitution, but 
when the new Constitution went into eftect in 1852, all this class of business 
was transferred to the Common Pleas Court, a new court then established. 
The Probate Judges wei-e Elias B. Smith and William S. Prentiss. The Com- 
mon Pleas Judges were Joseph H. Mather and E. W. Metcalf, of Elkhart 
County, and William M. Clapp, of Noble County. This court was abolished 
in 1873, and all its business transferred to the Circuit Court. 

Another item furnished by the early records is that the first marriage 
license issued in the county was July 25, 1832, to join together in the holy 
bonds of matrimony, Lewis D. Parish and Elizabeth Cook. Six marriage 
licenses were issued in 1833, twenty in 1834, and thirty-six in 1835. For the 



30 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

last few years, the average has been about one hundred and twenty. Many 
connubial knots were tied over the line, in Michigan, in an early day, and the 
custom is not, by any means, yet abandoned. 

The first application for divorce was made at the October term, 1839, but 
the cause was continued, and several terms thereafter dismissed. The first 
divorce granted was in 1840. 

The first murder trial in the county was occasioned by an assault of a party 
of young men, of Clay Township, upon Jacob Bean and some members of his 
family, in December, 1861. In the melee, Jacob Bean was struck down and 
his neck broken. Three persons were indicted, but only one, Hiram Springer, 
found guilty, and he of manslaughter. He was sentenced to two years' impris- 
onment, but was relieved by the decision of the Supreme Court on a technical 
fault in the records. This was in " war times," and the proceedings were 
nolle prosequied, and the accused endeavored to repair his record by gallant 
service at the front. 

The most famous trial in the county was that of Stephen Jenks, for the 
murder of George Mallow, of Ontario, which was commenced in September, 
1870, and concludedat aspecial terrain December, 1870. The attorneys engaged 
were James McGrew, Prosecuting Attorney, assisted by Andrew Ellison, for the 
State; and for the defense, Joseph D. Ferrall and John Morris, of Fort Wayne. 
The trial lasted fourteen days, and during the entire time the court room was 
densely crowded, and excitement at a high pitch. The prisoner, during the 
trial, was quiet and undemonstrative, apparently taking little interest in the 
proceedings. This trial was the first one in the county in which the defense of 
insanity was made. 

The defense of insanity, however applicable it may have been to Jenks, 
was very distasteful to the people of the county, who had just felt an indignant 
interest in the acquittal of McFarland, the murderer of the famous war corre- 
spondent of the New York Tribune, Albert D. Richardson. It was felt that it 
was an attempt to reproduce sharp New York criminal practice into a country 
where justice was yet dear. The sentiment of the people was well expressed 
by the following editorial remarks in the Standard: 

" The advocates of paroxysmal insanity, as a defense against the charge 
of premeditated murder, may congratulate themselves on having a local illus- 
tration of the beauties of their doctrine in the murder of George Mallow. 
This heartless transaction, which has chilled the blood of our community by 
the heinousness of the offense, is nothing more than a natural outgrowth of 
those pernicious teachings which seek to establish the doctrine that a man may 
take the life of his fellow, while laboring under the impression that he has been 
wronged, and that his angered and excited feelings shall be taken as an apology 
for the crime. * * * It is high time that cracked-brained the- 

orists on the laws of insanity, who seek to make their doctrines applicable to a 
defense in a case of murder, had a practical illustration of the dangerous 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 37 

nature of their teachings. The world is well stocked with moralizing fools that 
the community could get along without." 

After a hotly contested trial, the jury took the case and struggled with it 
several hours, and then brought in a verdict of guilty, and fixed the penalty at 
imprisonment for life. A severer penalty was not expected, as the impression 
prevailed that a La Grange County jury would not sentence to death. Public 
opinion generally acquiesced in this result, although a considerable number gave 
credence to the defense of insanity. The case was appealed to the Supreme 
Court, and the judgment reversed on the ground of the refusal of the lower 
court to continue the case for the introduction of further evidence for the de- 
fense. 

Before the case was retried, Jenks escaped from jail, and was not found 
again until 1877, when he was discovered quietly working in a Michigan vil- 
lage, near Saginaw. Another trial, upon a change of venue, was then had in 
Elkhart County, and the same sentence imposed ; after which, further defense 
was abandoned, and Jenks was taken to the penitentiary, at Michigan City, 
where he still remains. 

The next important criminal trial was of Chauncy Barnes, for the murder 
of Addie Dwight. On account of the social position of the parents of the 
parties to this tragedy, and the mournfully romantic circumstances attending 
this sad murder of a young, beautiful and virtuous lady, a great interest was 
taken in the trial. A special term of court in December, 1871, was devoted 
to this case, which occupied four days. A considerable number of witnesses 
were called in, and a hotly contested trial resulted. The defense was insanity, 
as in the previous trial, and the verdict was also identical ; but the defense was 
content with saving the life of the young man, and the sentence went into im- 
mediate effect. These cases were the most exciting which were tried in the old 
frame court house, and were probably the occasion of the greatest display of 
legal acuteness and forensic eloquence in the history of the county. Judge 
Hiram S. Tousley occupied the bench during the first trial of Jenks and at the 
Barnes trial, and his rulings were generally accepted as well intended and im- 
partial. 

Public buildings were, of course, a necessity at once, and a two-story frame 
building was soon erected at Lima, in which to hold the scales of justice be- 
tween the early settlers. But as soon as the central and southern parts of the 
county began to emerge from the status of a wilderness, and become settled, the 
location of the county seat became the dominant local question. Lima, it was 
argued, though it could not be excelled in its location as the site of a promising 
town, was not central enough for the county seat. The question was carried 
into the Legislature, and, at first, Lima seemed to have the advantage ; but, af- 
terward seeing that the contention would be productive of much ill-feeling, and 
that the question would never be settled, even if temporarily gained for her side, 
Lima finally abandoned the strife, and the geographical center was harmonious- 



38 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

ly agreed upon for the county seat. That spot was found in a hilly, swampy 
spot on Fly Creek, covered with a heavy forest and partly with a luxurious 
growth of blackberry brambles, which it required many years to exterminate. 
There the town of La Grange was laid out. Two land-owners, Joshua T. 
Hobbs and Reuben J. Dawson, were materially benefited by this creation of a 
new town. They were not, however, ungrateful for the favor, but manifested 
their appreciation of the new state of things by the donation of grounds for a 
public square. On this a substantial and, for its day and place, a really fine 
building, of two stories, was erected in 1843 for the use of the public offices 
and court. It was a commodious building in its day, but it is estimated that it 
would only comfortably fill the court room in the present court house. A jail 
was soon after erected, which long remained a picturesque, though not a very 
secure, abode for the misdoers of the county. The jail proper was built of 
logs, and, in addition to the iron-barred doors and windows, there was, for se- 
curity, a high board fence put around the cell windows. This primitive house 
of refuge was used for thirty years, although toward the last, prisoners of 
any importance were taken to other counties, and the jail became also, on ac- 
count of its unhealthfulness, no longer tenable. A new jail was ordered by 
the Board of Commissioners February 2, 1872, and VV. H. Croker, of Grand 
Rapids, Mich., was employed as architect. The contract for building was let 
to Messrs. Brace & Reed, of Kendallville, March 12, 1872, and the house was 
completed and occupied in February, 1873. The Sheriff's residence part is two 
stories in height, and the jail part one story above basement. The foundations 
are laid with bowlder stone, and the walls above of brick, the outside side wall 
being white pressed brick manufactured at Grand Rapids, Mich. The jail part 
is well cased inside with iron, and so constructed as to make escape for prisoners 
about impossible. The first cost of the building was about $29,000. Since 
then improvements have been made in drainage, and otherwise, to the extent of 
some $600. 

The first court house was built at Lima in 1833; the second at La Grange 
1843; the third was determined upon by the County Commissioners at their 
September term, 1877. The two first were wooden structures, of temporary 
build, without vaults or facilities for safety or convenience. The latter was to 
be permanent in structure and in style and convenience in unison with the day 
of improvements. Mr. A. J. Smith, of Chicago, was first engaged as archi- 
tect, but a difference arising between him and the Commissioners, his engage- 
ment was dissolved and Messrs. T. J. Tolan & Son, of Fort Wayne, were em- 
ployed. The general outline of plan for the building, prepared by the Auditor, 
Saniuel Shepardson, and the Clerk, Samuel P. Bradford, and adopted by the 
Commissioners, was then placed in their hands. The details of plan and the 
specifications were then drawn up by the architects, and contractors advertised 
for to put in bids for the construction of the building April 24, 1878. The 
bids, in sealed envelopes, were handed in and when opened were found to be as 




i}^i^^'-. 




9UNTY AUDITOR 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 41 

follows: W. H. Myers, Fort Wayne, $53,000; 0. D. Hurd, Fort Wayne, 
$48,365; Crane, Duncan & Co., Waterloo, $54,690; M. D. Brennemen & Co., 
Huntington, $54,529; John L. Farr & Co., Grand Rapids, $58,000; J. W. 
Hinkley, Indianapolis, $59,900; James B. Shover, $59,700; Charles Bosse- 
ker and John Begue, Fort Wayne, $46,700 ; R. W. Ostrander and D. 0. Porter, 
Kalamazoo, $48,898.52; Brace, Reed & Ruick, Kendallville and La Grange, 
$48,758. The Commissioners being satisfactorily assured that Messrs. Bosse- 
ker & Begue, the lowest bidders, were responsible, and satisfied with the 
bond of $30,000 offered by them, that the work should be done in accordance 
with the plans and specifications, their bid and bond were accepted and the 
work at once commenced. The Commissioners, in addition to requiring the 
architects to act as general superintendents of the work, appointed Samuel P. 
Bradford local superintendent, his duty being faithfully to enforce all the 
conditions of the contract, to inspect all materials and work, to make estimates 
for the contractors of the amount due them on the contract for materials and 
work, and in no case to estimate any objectionable materials or work. The 
work was then taken hold of and pushed satisfactorily, materials gathered, foun- 
dations put in, and on the 15th of August, 1878, some two thousand citizens, 
pursuant to an invitation of the Commissioners, met to witness the laying of 
the corner-stone. The ceremonies were simple and without religious formality 
and civic display, short speeches, music by Odell's Martial Band, the Lima 
Silver Band, depositing a box in the corner-stone, the placing of the stone and 
several rounds of cheers, constituting the whole procedure. Rev. John Paul 
Jones, then County Recorder, presided. Hon. John B. Howe spoke bi'iefly. 
He thought he was probably the only one present who settled in the county as 
early as 1833; but upon calling for others to raise their hands, if any were 
present, nearly a dozen hands flew up. He then referred to his early life in 
the county, as a law student, admittance to the bar, early law associates and 
the first court house. The changes that had since occurred were most remark- 
able. The progress seemed to have been almost too rapid. Few things, he 
said, could show a sharper contrast of the ability and disposition of the people 
now and then, than the court house first erected and the one the corner-stone 
of which was now to be laid. The cost of the new building would be as much 
as the whole county was then worth. He did not believe in very expensive and 
ornamental court houses. They should be like justice itself, simple and unos- 
tentatious. But it was the fashion now to build expensive public buildings, 
and the people could not endure being out of fashion and away behind their 
neighbors. He was willing to pay his part and only referred to cost as a matter 
of contrast. 

Andrew Ellison, the next oldest member of the bar, next addressed the 
meeting. He had been a member of the La Grange County bar, he said, thirty- 
six years, and his record as a lawyer was scattered through the records of the 
court all through that period, and he was willing to stand by the record 



4-2 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

made. Then, taking for his subject, "The Court House — what it has been, is 
now, and its future," he spoke at some length, the substance only of which was 
preserved. The word court house, he said, was distinctly an American phrase. 
The liouse should be simple, but in size and construction should be distinguish- 
able from all others in the community. Then, reviewing in outline the admin- 
istration of justice through the means of the court house in England, from the 
days of its conquest by Csesar to the present, he demonstrated that the court 
house was the corner-stone upon which England built. The mode it adopted of 
settling differences between citizens, of protecting person and property, which 
gave rise and necessity for public temples of justice, had banished its former bar- 
barism and developed a people superior to all others in physical, intellectual 
and moral power, on the face of the earth, except possibly the American peo- 
ple Our jurisprudence was derived wholly from England's, and it had likewise 
been to us what it has been to the mother country. The court house, the mili- 
tary, or the mob must rule. The administration of justice was expensive, but 
it was immensely cheaper, and gave better protection to life and property. The 
mob at Pittsburgh, in one hour, last year, destroyed more than enough to run 
all the courts in the United States, National, State and county, for one year. 
The law of the court house .says to the young man, buy your land, develop all 
you can out of it and I will protect your title and the proceeds of your hard 
toil. The administration of justice was by no means perfect, and with humanity 
as frail as it is, could never be, but it was the best system for adjusting differ- 
ences between man and man, and of protecting life and property, ever devised. 
It is the poor man's fortress ; without its protection there could be no incentive 
to industry or provision for the wants and comforts of home. Though there 
had been no religious ceremonies on this occasion, every stone of a court house 
rested upon the Christian religion. Our laws were based upon the laws of God. 
All writers upon law recognized this fact. The more our laws and their admin- 
istration were in harmony with God's laws, the safer would it be for the people, 
and the greater their prosperity in all tliat contributes to happiness here and 
favor in the si<;ht of the Almightv. 

The contents of the copper box, placed in the cavity of the corner-stone, 
were read by Samuel P. Bradford, and were as follows : 

Copy of Acts of 1832, containing act organizing the county ; copy of Bar 
Docket of April term, 1878, Circuit Court; copy of La Grange County Direc- 
tory ; copy of the Daily Service (a camp-meeting paper) ; copy of the La Grange 
Standard, Centennial issue, and issue of the day ; copy of the La Grange Reg- 
ister, August 15, 1878 ; copy of Wolcottville Gazette, August 9, 1878 ; copy 
of application of Farmers' Rescue Insurance Company ; piece of three-cent 
scrip ; six Confederate postage stamps, found in rebel camp in Virginia ; 
pieces of 10, 25 and 5 cent scrip, different issues; names of members of Lima 
Silver Band ; names of officers of incorporated town of La Grange ; manual 
of the common schools of La Grange County; coin dated 1771 ; 25cent silver 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 43 

United States coin, 1877 ; 40-cent silver coin, United States coin, 1834 ; silver 
coin dated 1774 ; two pieces of scrip, private issue ; Swiss medal ; photograph 
copy of Neiv England Chronicle and Gazette, 1775; premium list of La- 
Grange County Agricultural Society ; copy of School Law and Acts of 1877. 

After the box was placed. Judge William A. Woods, Judge of the Thirty- 
fourth Judicial Circuit, and ex oiEcio Judge of the La Grange Circuit Court, 
being introduced, made some complimentary and facetious allusions to the 
previous speaker, and then referred at some length to the practical questions 
connected with the administration of justice. The law, he said, is divided into 
two grand departments, that which protects the person, and that which protects 
property. In a state of barbarism, the first predominated, and in advanced 
civilization the latter. The major part of the works of courts now was in 
r.^spect to questions involving the right of property, and for that reason he 
believed that property should pay the expenses of courts, and that poll taxes 
should be abolished or made very light. Two days' work a year on roads and 
a poll tax were too much of a levy upon the mere person. He placed the court 
house beside the schoolhouse, the church and the family circle, and paid a 
tribute to the homes of the people. The virtues inculcated in the family circle 
were, after all, the greatest protection of the people as a whole. 

The tackling was then adjusted to the cap stone, and, guided by Judge 
Woods' hands, it was placed in position, after which cheers were given for the 
court house, the speakers, the contractors and the laborers. The President of 
the day, Mr. Jones, now made some remarks, referring to the past, congratu- 
lating the people upon the great changes, saying he felt it one of the proudest 
occasions of his life to preside at such a meeting of his fellow-citizens, and 
invoked the divine blessing upon the work commenced, and upon the use to 
which the building when completed would be devoted. The inscriptions upon 

the corner-stone are as follows : 

(East Face.) 

Corner Stone 

Laid with Public Ceremonies 

August 1:'), A. D. 1878. 

County Organized 

May 14, A. D. 1832. 

Jacob Vandevanter, 

Edmund Littlefield, 

Arthur Barrows, 

First Commissioners. 

Joshua T. Hobbs, 

First Clerlf. 

County Seat Located at Lima, 

A. D. 1832. 

Removed to La Grange, 

A. D. 1844. 

First Term of Court Held 

October 22, A. D. 1832. 

(North Face.) 



44 • HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTV. 

La Grange County. 

Hezekiah Davis, 
Alanson Blackmun, 
George W. Edgcomb, 

Commissioners. 
Samuel Shepardson, 

Auditor. 

T. J. Tolan & Son, 

Arcliitects. 

S. P. Bradford, 

Local Superintendent. 

Bossoker & Begue, 

Contractors. 
Completed, 18 — . 

The work on the house progressed without material interruption until 
March, 1879, when the contractors complained they were losing money, and 
were becoming financially embarrassed. The matter was finally adjusted on the 
basis of the appointment of Andrew Ellison on the part of the contractors, as 
their agent, to receive and pay out the money on the contract in their behalf, 
and that the Commissioners should have the right to control the employment of 
labor and the purchase of all materials (not then covered by sub-contracts) 
required to complete the building, the county to pay for all materials and labor 
in excess of contract price, that would be necessarily required to fully complete 
the house. 

The work now progressed again, the work completed and house taken 
possession of by the county November 13, 1879. 

The size of the building is sixty-four feet eight inches by one hundred feet 
eight inches, with two stories above basement, and a tower built from basement 
up centrally through the building, and reaching 125 feet from grade to top of 
finial ; the first story is thirteen feet in height, and the floor divided centrally 
east and west by a hall twelve feet in width ; from this hall a stairway, in the 
dome part, leads from either side of the hall to the hall above, and another 
from either side to the basement below. On the south side of the hall are the 
Clerk's office. Clerk's vault. Recorder's vault. Recorder's office and SheriflF's 
office. On the north side, the Tax-payer's room, the Treasurer's office, Treas- 
urer's vault, Auditor's vault. Auditor's office and Commissioners' room. 

The second story is fifteen feet in height. On the second floor, fronting 
the east, is the court room, fifty-seven feet three inches, by twenty-four 
feet three and one-fourth inches, and twenty feet in height. Opening into 
it, at the southwest corner, is the law library, and at the northwest cor- 
ner a witness room. Double doors open into the hall-way on west side of 
the room ; this hall is same size as below, and leads to the Surveyor's office, 
two Petit Jury rooms, one Grand Jury room. County Superintendent's 
office and Janitor's room. From the Janitor's room, a stairway leads to the 
dome above. In the dome are three floors. On the first, the clock room, on 
the second, the bell room, and on the third, the dial room. 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 45 

In the basement are four vaults, and rooms corresponding in size with 
those on the first floor. 

The foundation is laid in concrete, with tiling two feet out from footing-stone 
and four inches below ; this tiling connects with a drain that runs into Fly 
Creek. The footing-stone are limestone rock from six to ten feet in width, 
and are laid in a floating coat of mortar on the concrete, all points thoroughly 
filled with cement. The foundation walls built on the footing-stone are of 
bowlder stone, all split, and above grade rock faced with quarter, half-rounded, 
sunk -joint, pointed with white putty mortar. The walls above the foundation 
are all of brick, the outside being of a superior quality of pressed brick made at 
Porter Station, Ind., and the inside and partition walls of common red brick, 
manufactured mainly at Fort Wayne, but partly in this county. The pressed 
brick are all laid in putty mortar, with smooth-pointed joint. 

The water-table at grade-line, the sills and caps of all the doors and windows 
are of cut limestone, from Joliet, 111. The beams, bars and trusses, for floors 
and ceilings, and the rafters of the roof are of wrought iron, the ceilings of 
corrugated iron, the outside moldings of galvanized iron, with all ornaments 
made of pressed zinc. The roof is of the best quality of black slate, 14 inches 
wide by 2 feet long, nailed with copper nails. The floors in the rooms are 
of oak wood, and in the main halls, of the best quality of black and white mar- 
ble tile. Tbe plastering is three-coat work, with the best of material. The fin- 
ishing work is all in walnut and ash alternately. The court room is also quite 
handsomely frescoed. The whole building is practically fire-proof. The vaults 
are absolutely so. All the rooms are supplied with water, furnished by pipes 
leading from a wind-mill tank on the jail lot; the heating is by stoves, though 
the building is constructed for furnace heating, should it ever be desired. A 
cut elsewhere will give a general view — outside view — of the structure. The 
total cost of the building, as reported in Auditor's annual statement for 1880, 
is as follows : 

Miscellaneous expenses $ 3,830 01 

Extra sub-foundation 966 85 

Paid T. J. Tolan & Son, architects 1,]44 00 

Paid Commissioners, for extra sessions 233 50 

Paid contractors, Messrs. Bosseker & Begue 47,446 30 

Paid in excess of contract 7,879 00 

Total „ $61,498 66 

The total cost to tax-payers, for improvements upon Court House 
Square, from September 1, 1877, to June 5, 1880, is as follows : 

New Court House $61,498 66 

Tower clock and bell 1,517 45 

Furniture for new Court House 3,735 07 

Real estate purchased (west part of Court House Square) 4,127 13 

Grading court yard 797 01 

Total cost $71,675 32 



46 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

The next season the public square was inclosed with an iron fence, costing 
about $2,500, making the total cost of the erection of the building, the furnish- 
ing, extension of the public square, grading and fencing, less than $75,000. 
The whole was paid for as fast as the work was done, the county neither bor- 
rowing nor owing a dollar after its completion. The county is now supplied with 
public buildings good enough for a century to come, and without a dollar of 
indebtedness to carry. 

The learned professions should occupy a good share of the history, if all 
that they have done toward the development of the present social life were pos- 
sible to be grasped and treated of But a slight sketch of the history of these 
classes of our citizens can at least be given. Of the bar, that very important 
factor in modern life, that " necessary evil," as some of our worthy people re- 
gard it, that praiseworthy band of students and advisors, as many of those out- 
side the bar concur with those inside in regarding the legal fraternity — of the 
bar little can be said except in praise. Its early members have already been 
mentioned. At that time a rigid requirement of examinations before admission, 
of which a hint is given in Mr. Howe's reminiscences, had a tendency to make 
the bar more exclusive than at the present day, and no doubt its members were 
prouder of their associations or had more reason to be, on the side of legal cult- 
ure than an Indiana lawyer of the present day can be, when any one can be 
admitted to the bar on motion. The requirements, which were really too 
rigid in those days, might, with great profit, be the requirements of to-day. 
But La Gratige County has fairly ranked with the neighboring counties in the 
legal repute of its attorneys. Mr. John B. Howe, a gentleman of culture, and 
an earnest student, even in his later years, of social problems, soon took the 
front in the La Grange bar, and among the lawyers of the State. His argument 
in the Constitutional Convention, on the declaration of rights, is yet referred 
to as among the wisest and ablest utterances in that convention. 

Ranking next with him in local repute, as a lawyer, was Andrew Ellison. 
He became distinguished for the pertinacity and energy with which he fought 
his cases, never yielding when he thought he had any footing until the case was 
won or the highest tribunal had decided against him. During the Regulator 
period, when the courts had their greatest flood of business, he was employed 
as the attorney for several of the indicted horse-thieves and counterfeiters, and 
with the whole community against him, he, with his characteristic persistence 
and defiance of public sentiment, fought the cases through, and got most of his 
clients either acquitted or released upon some technicality after conviction. The 
bitterness engendered during these exciting times lasted many years and marred 
the happiness of many. Mr. Ellison, after enjoying for many years the hon- 
orable position of senior member of the bar, retired from practice, as his old 
friend, Mr. Howe, had done, to pursue the quieter pursuit of banking. 

Among others who won some notoriety, was James M. Flagg, of Lima, 
who was for many years at the bar, and noted for his acuteness and sharp tricks 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 47 

with his professional brethren, and those who were unprofessional and unsophis- 
ticated. His practice soon reached such a stage that he was compelled to give 
it a new field by going further west and establishing himself at Chicago. 

Joseph B. Wade, who has been from childhood a resident of the county, was 
admitted to the bar in 1857, and is still practicing. Robert Parrett moved to 
the county previous to 1860, and was gaining an enviable reputation as an 
attorney, when the war broke out and he fell, one of its early victims, with the 
rank of Major in the One Hundredth Indiana Volunteers. Joseph W. Cummings, 
a native of the county, was admitted a little later. He removed to Toledo, where 
he has taken first rank professionally and as a citizen. A. B. Kennedy was 
one of the ante-war attorneys and enjoyed for many years a prominent position 
at the bar, especially in probate matters. He died from overwork. Resolutions 
of respect were made by the bar at a meeting held in his memory. 

Joseph D. Ferrall began practice in La Grange in 1865, and has 
since gained a prominent position at the bars of this and neighboring 
counties. W. C. Glasgow was admitted about the same time, and held 
for some years the position of Prosecuting Attorney, and now stands in 
the front rank. George A. Cutting, admitted about 1870, was winning 
a high position as a lawyer when he died from consumption, whicli had 
long been hampering him, in 1881. The remaining attorneys, who have prac- 
ticed of late years, are Abner S. Case, John P. Jones (both formerly County 
Clerks), Cyrus U. Wade (formerly Prosecuting Attorney), Francis D. Merritt, 
James S. Drake (now Prosecutor), Otis L. Ballou (now Master Commissioner), 
Samuel P. Bradford (now Clerk), E. T. Cosper and Edgar McClasky. Some 
of the attorneys of neighboring counties, who have in past years or do now prac- 
tice extensively at the La Grange bar, are Judge John Morris, Hon. John H. 
Baker, Judge W. A. Woods, Isaac E. Knisely, Augustus A. Chapin and James 
I. Best. 

The ofiice of Prosecuting Attorney, in the districts of which this county has 
been a part, has been filled by members of the La Grange bar, as follows : By 
Joseph D. Ferrall, from 1866 to 1868 ; Wesley C. Glasgow, from 1873 to 1877 ; 
Cyrus U. Wade, from 1877 to 1879 ; James S. Drake, from 1879 to the pres- 
ent, his second term expiring 1883. 

In the first settlement of a new country, the physician is a first necessity. 
And there are always among the pioneer physicians those who have a real or 
imaginary ability to treat successfully all cases that may fall under their care. 
The habits of the pioneers being simple, and having plenty of food, fresh air, 
keeping good hours, with exercise in abundance, the diseases are also of sim- 
ple character, yielding, generally, readily to the most ordinary remedies. Tu- 
bercular diseases, now so common in our county, were unknown for ten years 
after the first settlement. Some of the early settlers report that intermittent 
fevers were unknown to them for some five years, and were only developed after 
considerable quantities of land were broken up. Dr. Hill was the first in the 



48 HISTORY OF LA. GRANGE COUNTY. 

county who claimed to be a physician. He came in with the immigrants of 1828 
or 1829. The Doctor professed to be a " regular " in practice, but having con- 
fidence in the flora of the woods, ho confined himself to the simple remedies that 
he found in abundance around him. He is said to have filled his saddle-bags 
with roots and herbs without a cent of expenditure ; to have traversed the coun- 
try between St. Joseph in Michigan, and Fort Wayne, Ind., staying with the 
sick whenever he found them until they recovered or died. Quinine, or the 
preparations of Peruvian bark, he never used, depending upon the use of the 
bark of dogwood and ironwood to break the intermittents, and he claimed that 
the ague broken by these remedies was less apt to return than when treated by 
quinine and the Peruvian barks. His cathartic and alterative calico-root grew 
on the edges of the marshes, and wild turnip, and blood-root, his specific for 
pneumonia, were found abundant in the woods. He claimed to have never bled 
his pneumonia cases, and that he scarcely ever lost a case. This happy result, 
in this class of cases, if true, was just the reverse of that resulting from the 
bleeding and reducing remedies then in vogue among the regular practitioners. 
Obstetrical practice was confined to certain old ladies, and as tedious and pro- 
tracted labors in hearty and robust persons leading an active life were rare, they 
had little or no trouble. One of these old ladies reported that, in a protracted 
labor occurring in the family of one of the first settlers, Dr. Hill was sent for, 
and after many weary hours had passed, he concluded that artificial means were 
necessary to save the mother, and attempted to perforate the skull of the child, 
but failing, went off to a neighboring house to prepare a more efficient instru- 
ment. While he was gone, nature rallied to her task, and when the Doctor 
returned, he found the child ushered into the world all right, except that its 
scalp hung in shreds from the effects of his attempts at perforation. The old 
gentleman was amazed, and remarked that that boy was the hardest-headed lit- 
tle devil he ever saw, for he had not strength enough to perforate its skull. 
The boy survived and the unobliterated scars were seen by living physicians in 
his manhood. 

Dr. J. T. Hobbs came about 1830, and Dr. Hill relinquished the field to 
him. He at once took nearly the whole practice in this and the adjoining 
counties. The Doctor was a native of Maryland, a graduate of Bowdoin in 
Maine, and a real gentleman. His wife was an intelligent woman of strong 
character, and materially assisted him in laying the foundation of a large fort- 
une. The Doctor was elected the first Clerk of the county, the office of which 
was then at Lima. His wife attended mainly to the duties of the office, leaving 
him free to attend to his practice and his other growing interests. She bore 
him two children, the oldest of which died some ten or twelve years ago. 
The younger daughter still survives, and is the wife of Dr. S. H. Bassinger, 
another pioneer physician. Dr. Hobbs' health failing him, he left the county 
about 1850, moved to Mount Vernon, Ohio, and subsequently to Sandusky, 
where he died a few years since, leaving a large fortune, the executors of which 




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HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 51 

are Mr. S. K. Ruick and Henry L. Taylor, of this county. Among the medi- 
cal pioneers was Dr. James Chapman, still remembered by some as wandering 
around on an old pony in a saddle with rope girth and rope stirrup straps, and 
the inevitable saddle-bags. The Doctor was a native of Connecticut, and 
claimed to be a regular physician, was a stanch Presbyterian, and was down 
on all innovations in medicine or theology. At that time, there was a man who 
practiced as a Thompsonian, and was to Dr. Chapman a great eye-sore. The 
latter used to relate many anecdotes of the collisions between calomel and 
jalap vs. No. 6. The Doctor broke down mentally, gave up the practice of 
medicine, but carried around with him religious books and tracts, pitied but 
respected by all. A commission was appointed to take measures for the pro- 
tection of his property. He said it was a commission "de enquircndo lunatico," 
and that they brought him in insane on all points except theology and medicine. 

Dr. J. Bolton Smith came to Lima in 1832. He was a gentleman of the 
Old School, wore the ruffled linen in fashion in the early part of the century, 
and preserved the dignity of the profession. For a time before he left, he gave 
up his profession of medicine and took up the practice of law. An anecdote is 
told of him that he acted as Justice of the Peace in the trial of a case, and, as 
it was of some importance, he called Squire Littlefield to assist him in the case. 
The oath he administered the witnesses was after this form : " In the presence 
of God and of Edmund Littlefield you do solemnly swear to tell the truth," 
etc. The Doctor finally went to St. Louis, where he died of cholera in 1842. 
At the same time he was at Lima, there was there another Dr. Smith, who, 
making much pretension to phrenology, was distinguished from the other 
Smith, as Dr. Bump Smith. Both Smiths were students of Dr. Duncomb, of 
Canada, whose daughter the Dr. Bump Smith married. 

Dr. Francis Jewett came to the county in 1834. He died in Lima in 
1857. Dr. Weeks practiced in Lima from 1835 to 1837. He is now a phvsi- 
cian in Chicago, and has considerable reputation in the profession. Then fol- 
lowed Dr. Palmer in 1838, whose favorite remark was that he had saved many 
a patient even after he had a predilection to pick the clothing. He left in 
1848. Dr. Parry came in 1889, and practiced in Lima for ten years, and then 
moved to California with the first emigration. When last heard from, he was 
still living there. Dr. Fox was at Lima from 1836 to 1842, when he moved to 
Wisconsin, where he stands high in his profession, and has made a handsome 
competence. Dr. Holbrook came in 1842, stood well professionally, had many 
and warm friends, but soon wearying with the hardships of his ride, he moved 
to California. He now resides at San Francisco, where he has a fine reputa- 
tion. Dr. Thompson took Dr. Holbrook's practice in 1850, married in the 
Kinney family at Lima, practiced sixteen years, and then went to Missouri, and 
was for some time surgeon and physician to the State Prison in that State. Dr. 
George Fletcher followed Dr. Thompson at Lima, and was the principal physi- 
cian there from that time until he gave up the active duties of his profession, 
and moved to Iowa some five years since. o 



52 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Dr. Pritchard settled at Lexington in 1843 ; he practiced there four years, 
and died of pneumonia in 1847. He was followed by Dr. Reupert in 1848. 
He entered the service in the war of the rebellion as Assistant Surgeon of the 
Thirtieth Indiana Volunteers, and died in hospital at Nashville, Tenn. 

The first physician at La Grange was Dr. Brown, who settled there in 
1842. He was a cousin of the celebrated John Brown, of Harper's Ferry 
notoriety, a gentleman and Christian, and highly esteemed by the whole com- 
munity. He died of malignant erysipelas at the Haw Patch in 1852. Dr. 
Butler, a brother-in-law of Dr. Brown, succeeded to his practice. He was a 
man of great perseverance, a warm friend and a bitter enemy, and especially 
to slavery and its advocates. He died of consumption in 1854. Dr. J. P. 
Niman, still practicing at La Grange, was invited by Dr. Butler to a partner- 
ship and assisted him and succeeded him in his practice. Dr. Thompson came 
to La Grange in 1856, and was there during the epidemic of dysentery that 
prevailed that year so extensively that hardly a family escaped, and from which 
there were a large number of deaths. 

The Sheldons, four brothers, and all practitioners of medicine, commenced 
their practice at LTnion Mills (now Mongo) ; B. F. and William Sheldon came 
there in 1838. In 1840, Franklin Sheldon moved to South Bend, where he 
died next year. The other three brothers did nearly the entire practice in 
the east part of the county for some twelve or fifteen years ; William died in 
1854 or 1855 of diarrhoea contracted while on a journey through Mexico : 
Franklin is also dead. They were all men of ability and character. 

For the foregoing items in respect to the medical profession, we are 
indebted to Dr. George H. Dayton, of Lima, who settled at Ontario in 1846, 
then a prosperous and lively place with great prospects. The Doctor is a native 
of New Jersey ; was educated at the University of New York, thrcfs years in 
the Literary Department, and studied medicine under the celebrated Dr. Val- 
entine Mott, and afterward graduated in the Medical Department of the uni- 
versity. He has for many years stood at the head of his profession in the 
county, and is more consulted in difficult cases than any other. 

Many physicians whose names cannot now be recalled have come and 
gone. Among those who, in later years, became permanent residents and 
acquired more general acquaintance are Dr. Abner Lewis, of Haw Patch, who 
had an extensive practice in that part of the county, and afterward at La 
Grange. He served one term in the State Senate, and subsequently moved to 
Iowa, where he still resides. Dr. J. H. Dancer, of South Milford, was for many 
years, and is yet, the principal practitioner in the southeastern part of the 
county. Dr. A. M. Spaulding, of Applemanburg, has held a like share of 
the practice in Springfield Township. In the northwestern part of the county, 
Drs. Toms & Grubs have, for a number of years, held the principal practice. 
A number of physicians have been located at Wolcottville. Dr. Leonard 
Barber was one of the earliest, if not the first, practitioner tliere, and, until 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 53 

Ills death in 1875, was the leading physician in the southern part of the 
county 

Dr. E. M. Speed located at La Grange in April, 1856, and had an exten- 
sive practice. He was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the Forty-fourth Regi- 
ment Indiana Volunteers in July, 1864, and immediately after his arrival to 
the command at Chattanooga, Tenn., was taken sick, when he was carried to the 
Officers' Hospital on Lookout Mountain, where he died a few weeks after. Dr. 
Francis P. Griffith came to La Grange in May, 1858, and was associated for 
some time with Dr. Speed in practice. He was elected Representative to the 
Legislature in 1862 and in 1864, and has held several responsible clerkships at 
Washington, and was Census Supervisor for the northeastern counties of the 
State in 1880. He is still in practice. 

Dr. E. G. White came to the place in 1857 ; has had, and yet has, an exten- 
sive practice. He served some two years as Acting Assistant Surgeon United 
States Volunteers, in the Nashville hospitals, during the war. He lias been for 
some twelve or thirteen years pension examiner for the Government. Dr. J. H. 
Rerick came to the place in 1859; entered the service in 1861, as Assistant 
Surgeon of the Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, at the organization of 
the regiment; was promoted Surgeon, and served with the command until its 
muster out September, 1865. At the close of the war, he and Dr. White were 
associated together in practice. In 1867, he bought the La Grange Standard, 
and entei'ed the editorial profession ; was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court in 
1860, and in 1864, serving eight years. He is still proprietor of the Standard, 
and devoting his attention exclusively to the printing business. Dr. James Mil- 
ler practiced at La Grange a number of years, and was Assistant Surgeon in 
the Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Regiment a short time. He moved to Iowa 
about 1879. Dr. A. Cutting moved to the town in 1864, from Ohio, and has 
frequently been employed as consulting physician. The present physicians at 
La Grange in active practice not above mentioned are Dr. William Short, Dr. 
John Short, Dr. H. M. Casebeer, Dr. Charles H. Niman, son of Dr. J. P. 
Niman, and Dr. Engle. Dr. Newton G. Eno practiced a few years at Lima ; 
was Assistant Surgeon of the Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteers, from January, 
1863, to November, 1864, when he resigned. He is now a resident of Iowa, 
and still in practice. Dr. William Hughes came from Ohio to Lima in 1870, 
and has an extensive practice there. Dr. C. D. Goodrich also settled there a 
few years since, and is in practice. 

The county has always made ample provision for its paupers. A farm was 
first bought north of La Grange for the asylum, but this not proving a desira- 
ble location, it was sold, and 160 acres, three miles south of La Grange, were 
purchased, and suitable, though plain and inexpensive, buildings were erected. 
Here the poor, dependent on the county for support, are sent and cared for, 
except in those cases where temporary aid is needed, and can be given at home 
by the several Township Trustees. In February, 1871, there died Dr. David 



54 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Rogers, one of the first settlers of Clearspring Township, an eccentric old man 
and bachelor, who at one time had an extensive practice as a physician. In his 
will, made in 1868, he bequeathed all his real estate in the county " to the 
Commissioners of the County of La Grange and their successors in office in 
trust forever, for the use and benefit of the orphan poor and for other destitute 
persons of said county." The heirs of Dr. Rogers contested the will, basing 
their claim on the indefiniteness of the bequest, and carried their case to the 
Supreme Court, where the will was finally sustained. No special disposition is 
made of this fund, as yet, by the Commissioners. 

The following valuable statistics are thought to be of sufficient public inter- 
est to warrant their appearance in the history of the county : 

VOTE OF THE COUNTY AT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. 

1836 — Van Buren, Democrat, 150 ; Harrison, Whig, 128 ; Democratic 
majority, 22. 1840 — Harrison. Whig, 391 ; Van Buren, Democratic, 225 ; 
Whig majority, 166. 1844— Clay, Whig, 598; Polk, Democrat, 457 ; Birney, 
Abolitionist, 38; Whig majority, 103. 1848 — Cass, Democrat, 636; Taylor, 
Whig, 629 ; Van Buren, Free Soil, 114 ; Democratic plurality, 7. 1852 — 
Scott, Whig, 667 ; Pierce, Democrat, 667 ; Hall, Free Soil, 117 ; tie between 
principal parties. 1856 — Fremont, Republican, 1,406 ; Buchanan, Democrat, 
640 ; Fillmore, American, 6 ; Republican majority, 760. 1860 — Lincoln. 
Republican, 1,695 ; Fusion (Democratic), 775 ; Republican majority, 920. 
1864 — Lincoln, Republican, 1,583 ; McClellan, Democrat, 796 ; Republican 
majority, 787. 1868 — Grant, Republican, 1,945; Seymour, Democrat, 1,076 ; 
Republican majority, 869. 1872 — Grant, Republican, 1,863 ; Greeley, Lib- 
eral, 830 ; Republican majority, 1,033. 1876 — Hayes, Republican, 2,205 ; 
Tilden, Democrat, 1,256 ; Peter Cooper, National, 63 ; Republican plurality, 
949 ; Republican majority, 886. 1880— Garfield, Republican, 2,367 ; 
Hancock, Democrat, 1,393; Weaver, National. 116; Republican, majority, 
858 ; Republican plurality, 974. 

The vote by townships at this election was as follows : 

Garfield. Hancock. Weaveb. 

Van Buien 102 93 34 

Newbury ]So 108 

Eden 128 139 

Clearspring 208 150 1 

Clay 181 142 18 

Lima 248 78 11 

Greenfield 175 59 42 

Bloomfield 456 230 1 

Johnson 252 123 4 

Milford 154 2()0 3 

Springfield 220 71 2 

Total 2,367 1,393 116 

The vote for Governor at the October election the same year was : Por- 
ter. Republican, 2,307; Landers, Democrat, 1,374; Gregg, National, 129. 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 55 

The Legislative act, authorizing the organization of La Grange County, 
was approved by the Governor of the State February 2, 1832, and the first 
election of county officers occurred in August of the same year. The first 
term of court convened October 22, 1832, the officers of which were — Charles 
H. Test (now Judge of the Criminal Court at Indianapolis), Judge ; Luther 
Newton and Ephraim Seeley, Associate Judges ; Joshua T. Hobbs, Clerk i 
Nehemiah Coldren, Sheriff; Joshua Harding, Coronor. The County officers 
since the first organization of the county, so far as we can trace, have been as 
follows : 

Probate Judges. — Elias B. Smith and William S. Prentiss. 

Associate Judges. — Ephraim Seeley and Luther Newton, 1832 ; Thomas J. 
Spaulding and Samuel Westcott, 1839 ; Joshua T. Hobbs and Amos Davis, 
1844. 

CTerA:*.— Joshua T. Hobbs, 1832-38; William M. Holmes, 1838-45; 
Delavin Martin, 1845-46; James B. Howe, 1846-53; John P. Jones, 1853- 
61 ; Abner S. Case, 1861-68; Eugene V. Case (appointment), 1868-69; John 
H. Rerick, 1869-77; Samuel P. Bradford, 1877. 

Sheriffs.— T>2.me\ Harding, 1832-35; John Brown, 1835-37; William 
Phelps, 1837; Peter L. Mason, 1837-39; Frederick Hamilton, 1839-43; 
James Rawles, 1843-47 ; John Briscoe, 1847—49 ; William Hopkins, 1849- 
53; Gabriel McEntyre, 1853-55; Zopher L. Scidmore, 1855-57; William 
Cummings, 1857-61 ; William Selby, 1861-65; John S. Merritt, 1865-67; 
James M. Marks, 1867-72; Thomas C. Betts, 1872-76; Nelson Stacy, 1876- 
80 ; Edwin Temple, 1880. 

Auditors.— ?et(ir L. Mason, 1841-45; Simon W. Cutler, 1845-52; 
Hugh Hamilton, 1852-57; L. N. Beers, 1857-58; Peter N. Wilcox, 1858- 
66; Isaiah Piatt, 1866-74; Samuel Shepardson, 1874. 

Treasurers.— Ihomvis Gale, 1832-37; Jonathan Woodruff, 1837-44; 
Samuel Bartlett, 1844-53; Elijah W. Weir, 1853-57; Parley R. Cady, 1857- 
61; John W. Welch, 1861-65; Jacob Newman, 1865-69; Samuel Shepard- 
son, 1869-73; Samuel G. Hoff, 1873-77; John E. Anderson, 1877-81; John 
M. Preston, 1881. 

Recorders.— TisiVKl St. Clair, 1832-37; J. T. Hobbs, 1837-43; John 
Kromer, 1843-55; Ozias Wright, 1855-56; Abner S. Case, 1856-60; Henry 
Nichols, 1860-68; John C. Gurnea, 1868-72; John P. Jones, 1872-80; 
Eugene V. Case, 1880. 

Commissioners. — Jacob Vandevanter, 1832 ; Edmond Littlefield, 1832 ; 
Arthur Barrows, 1832 ; Isaac Gage, 1833 ; J. F. Rice, 1833 ; Arthur Barrows, 
1834 ; Jesse Champlin, 1834; David Smith, 1834 ; William S. Prentiss, 1834; 
Palmer Grannis, 1835 ; James McConnell, 1836 ; L. M. Dewey, 1837 ; Shel- 
don Martin, 1837 ; Philo Taylor, 1838 ; Ira Hill, 1839 ; Palmer Grannis, 1840; 
Robert Hume, 1840; Benjamin Jones, 1840-45; Abram Rowe, 1841-44 ; 
Samuel Corey, 1843-46; Nehemiah Coldren, 1844-50; Jacob T. Grove, 



56 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

1845-57; Timothy Field, 1846-49; Sidney Keith, 1848-52; Hiram Taylor, 
1850-56; Andrew Ellison, 1851-53; Samuel Hudson, 1852-58; Hezekiah 
Davis, 1853-60 ; Orvin Kent, 1856-59 ; James Smith, 1858-76 ; A. J. At- 
wood, 1859-65 ; William Seaborn, 1860-66 ; Hiram Smith, 1866-67 ; R. P. 
Herbert, 1867 ; Hezekiah Davis, 1867-79 ; Almon Dickenson, 1868-75 ; A. 
Blackmun, 1875 ; George W. Edgcomb, 1876 , Elias Wight, 1879. 

School Examiners. — County School Examiners were first appointed under 
the act of 1861. From June, 1861, the office was held by J. H. Danseur, 

George Marks, Hemenway, and Prof. R. Patch. Under the new 

school law of 1865 : 

Prof. R. Patch, 1865-67 ; Rev. A. Fitz Randolph, 1868-69 ; Rev. Will- 
iam Cathcart, 1869-70 ; S. D. Crane, 1870-71 ; A. Bayliss, 1871-73. 

The duties of the office were materially enlarged by the Legislature of 
1872-73, and the title changed to County Superintendent. 

A. Bayliss, 1878-74 ; S. D. Crane, 1874-75 ; E. T. Cosper, 1875-76 ; S. 
D. Crane, 1876-81 ; E. G. Machan, 1881. 

SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES. 

La Grange County has been represented in the State Legislature as follows, 
the dates attached showing the year of election : 

In the Senate. — 1832, Samuel Hanna, of Allen County ; 1839, Ebenezer 
M. Chamberlain, Elkhart County; 1841-43, David B. Herriman, Noble 
County ; 1847, Delavin Martin, La Grange County ; 1850, Joseph H. Defrees, 
Elkhart County ; 1852, Thomas G. Harris, Elkhart County ; 1856, John 
Thompson, La Grange County; 1860, C. L. Murray, Elkhart County; 1864, 
Robert Dykes, La Grange County ; 1866, Abner Lewis, La Grange County ; 
1868, Abner S. Case, La Grange County; 1872, William Bunyan, Noble County; 
1876, Elijah W. Weir, La Grange County ; 1880, Henry Hostetter, Noble 
County. 

In the House of Representatives. — 1833, David H. Colerick, Allen 
County; 1834, John B. Chapman, Kosciusko County ; 1837-38, D. B. Her- 
riman, Noble County ; 1840, John B. Howe, La Grange County ; 1841, John 
Thompson, La Grange County ; 1843, Josliua T. Hobbs, La Grange County ; 
1844, William H. Nimmon, Noble County; 1845, T. H. Wilson, Noble 
County ; 1846, John Y. Clark, La Grange County ; 1847, George W. Sheldon, 
Noble County; 1848, Elijah A. Webster, La Grange County; 1849, Rufus D. 
Keeny, Noble County. 

After this date the county itself has been entitled to a Representative 
as follows : 1850, John P. Jones ; 1850-53, Francis Henry ; 1854, Will- 
iam Smith; 1856, Samuel P. Williams; 1858, John Thompson; 1860, 
Samuel Hudson ; 1862-64, Francis P. Griffith ; 1866, William Smith ; 1868, 
Timothy Field ; 1870, Williamson Rawles ; 1872, William Prentiss ; 1874-76, 
Samuel Harper; 1878, 0. B. Taylor; 1880, 0. B. Taylor. 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 



57 



Joint Representatives for Elkhart and La Grange Counties. — 1860, Robert 
Parrett, of La Grange County ; 1862, Amos Davis of La Grange County. 

In the Convention for Revision of Constitution of State, 1850. — From the 
District of La Grange, J. B. Ilowe ; for La Grange and Elkhart Counties, Joseph 
H. Mather, of Elkhart County. 

The records fail to show who represented the County in the Senate from 
1834 1o 1839; also the Representative in the House in 1842. With these ex- 
ceptions, the above list is probably complete. Until the adoption of the new 
Constitution, the Senatorial term was two years, and the Representative term 
one year. Since then, the Senatorial term has been four years, and the Rep- 
resentative term two years. 

CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. 

La Grange County, since its organization, has been represented in Congress 
as follows : 1831-36, by Jonathan McCarty, of Franklin County ; 1836-41, 
by James H. Rariden, of Fayette County ; 1841—46, by Andrew Kennedy, 
of Delaware County ; 1847-49, by William Rockhill, of Allen County ; 
1849-51, by Andrew J. Harlan, of Grant County ; 1851-53, by Samuel Bren- 
ton, of Allen County; 1853-55, by Ebenezer M. Chamberlain, of Elkhart 
County ; 1855-57, by Samuel Brenton, of Allen County ; 1857-61, by Charles 
Case, of Allen County ; 1861-63, by William Mitchell, of Noble County ; 
1863-65, by Joseph K. Edgerton, of Allen County ; 1865-67, by Joseph H. 
Defrees, of Elkhart County ; 1867-73, by William Williams, of Kosciusko 
County ; 1873-75, by Henry B. Saylor, of Huntington County ; 1875-81, 
by John H. Baker, of Elkhart County ; 1881 to present, by W. G. Colerick, 
of Allen County. 

ANNUAL EXPENDITURES. 

Total amount expended for county purposes for the year ending 

, 1837 $ 1,367 83 

, 1838 2,878 29 

, 1839 1,686 08 

, 1840 2,773 46 

, 1841 3,639 73 

, 1842 2,933 61 

, 1843 no rep't. 

, 1844 8,161 56 

, 184G 8,882 66 

, 1840 8,657 53 

. 1847 5,987 68 

, 1848 9,145 07 

,1849 7,231 96 

, 1850 7,109 74 

, 1851 6,529 22 

, 1852 6,231 47 

, 1853 4,790 67 

, 1854 7,877 37 

, 1855 4,470 00 



November 1, 


November 1, 


May 


1, 


May 


1, 


May 


1, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31. 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 



58 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 



1850 7,087 56 

1857 4,443 37 

1858 6,381 08 

1859 7,671 70 

1860 8,923 24 

1861 10,537 30 

1862 11,710 68 

1863 21,648 21 

1864 14,461 27 

1865 26,695 38 

1866 46,621 64 

1867 35,763 73 

1868 27,973 03 

1869 14,343 69 

1870 14,498 66 

1871 19,208 61 

1872 19,650 31 

1873 41,846 79 

1874 16,481 22 

1875 17,176 66 

1876 18,368 37 

1877 17,670 62 

1878 30,484 79 

1879 68,664 11 

1880 54,350 07 

1881 30,466 45 

From 1861 to 1868 covers the period of war expenses; 1873, the building 
of a new jail, and 1878-81, the building and furnishing the new court house. 

The expenditures of this county fund, raised for county expenses 
alone, were for the year ending May 31, 1881, as follows : 

On account of assessment of revenue $1,379 00 

On account of agriculture (show license) 10 00 

On account of books, stationery and printing 1,068 07 

On account of court expenses 443 62 

On account of couuty oflScers 4,233 49 

On account of higiiways and bridges 3.261 52 

On account of jurors' fees 1,008 95 

On account of poor 3,981 94 

On account of public buildings 7,617 95 

On account of redemption of lands 64 19 

On account of specific 1,912 69 

On account of State benevolent institutions and insane 1,023 47 

On account of bounty for fox scalps 27 00 

On account of public ditches 1,205 91 

On account of criminals 316 94 

On account of estate of David Rogers 2,911 81 

Total $30,466 46 



May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31. 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


•31, 


May 


31. 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 


May 


31, 



VALUATION AND TAXATION. 

Below will be found the appraised value of the real and personal property 
of the county, the rate of taxation for county purposes, and the total average 





fe^ 




H^urn-y 



(/ 3^CLyCy^[>^ry^^'-'^'^--^^ 



CO. COMMISSIONER 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 



61 



rate of taxation for all purposes, State, county, township and town, for the years 
named : 



TEAE. 


Valuation of County. 


County Tax RateonSlOO 
Valuation. 


Average Tax Bate for 

all Purposes on $100 

Valuation. 


1844 


$ 636,703 
611,094 
866,073 
874,924 
911,424 
912,862 
947,346 
1,832,439 
1,397,573 
1,561,172 
1,723,830 
1,772,373 
1,794,966 
1,889,683 
1,893,642 
3,001,396 
3,145,167 
3,304,181 
3,216,734 
3,404,336 
4,178,206 
4,721,620 
4,639,106 
4,650,076 
4,934,879 
6,062,743 
4,919,022 
4,938,034 
6,216,051 
7,997,074 
8,140,867 
7,641,350 
7,736,990 
7,389,ft90 
7,442,005 
7,263,(j30 
6,316,585 
6,777,370 


$1 00 
50 
70 
70 
65 
65 
50 
60 
10 
40 
30 
30 
40 
30 
80 
40 
26 
25 
30 
40 
50 
1 20 
40 
60 
25 
26 
30 
70 
55 
20 
16 
30 
26 
53 
85 
41 
40 
40 


$2 21 


1845 


1 76 


1846 


2 00 


1847 


2 18 


1848 


2 16 


1849 


1 04 


1850 


1 21 


lyol 


1 08 


185-J 


62 


1853 


1 03 


18.)4 


85 


18')5 


89 


1856 


1 07 


1857 


91 




1 08 


1859 


1 13 




92 


ISGl 


93 




1 10 


1863 


1 10 




1 14 


1866 


1 98 




1 33 


1867 , 


1 46 




1 18 


1869 


1 13 




1 18 


1871 


1 46 




1 31 


1873 


98 




92 


1S75 


1 14 




1 07i 


1877 


1 37i 




1 61 f 


1879 


1 19 




1 25J 

1 26| 


1881 



The receipts from taxation during the year ending May 31, 1881, were 

as follows : 

.State tax $ 9,018 76 

New State House tax 1,349 20 

State school tax 12,004 10 

County tax 27,616 66 

Road tax... 8,325 53 

Township tax 2,487 10 

Special scbool tax 11,294 78 

Township tuition tax 8,936 80 

School-bond tax (Town of LaGrange) 2,533 22 

Dog tax 1,209 73 

Corporation tax {Town of La Grange) 830 06 



Total $86,304 94 



CHAPTER III. 

bt j. h. bkkick, m. d. 

Early Roads, Stace Limes, Ma.il Routes, etc.— Railways— County Stock- 
Post Offices— Outline OF the Growth of Religion— Spiritualism-Fouki- 
ERiSM— The Saints— Outline of the Growth or Education— School 
Statistics— The County Press— Authorship— Politics— Secret Societies 
—The Blackleos. 

THE development of the roads in the county marks the changes of the last 
half-century, as clearly, almost, as anything else. There was first the Indian 
trail, allowing travel in single tile only, by man or beast, then the common 
wagon road, then the stage line, the plank road, and finally the railroad. The 
principal Indian trails run from Mongoquinong Prairie to White Pigeon, and 
to Fort Wayne and along these trails the first wagon roads were opened. The 
road from Fort Wayne was the great thoroughfare for many years. The sur- 
plus grain was mostly carried over it to market at Fort Wayne, whence was 
brought most of the merchandise used in the county. 

In the summer of 1836, a stage coach was put on the road from Lima to 
Constantine, Mich., to which point boats then ran on the St. Joseph River. 
This line was opened by William M. Gary, now of Carson City, Xev., and was 
run twice a week, bringing and carrying away many land buyers; but as soon 
as tiiese decreased the line was discontinued. 

La Grange County, though on the direct line for travel from New York to 
Chicago, and thus on the travel belt around the world, was unfortunately 
missed by the east and west thoroughfares first established, and is even yet. 
Detroit and Chicago being the first important posts in the northwest travel set 
in between them, followed by stage lines, striking the counties to the west, leav 
ing this county untouched. Toledo was then a little village known as Vistula. 
An effort was early made to open a through highway from Vistula to Chicago, 
which, if it had been built, would in all probability have passed through the 
county, and have made its history in development and population greatly differ- 
ent from what it is. On the :20th of January, 1835, Hon. John B. Howe, of 
Lima, wrote to Gen. Cass, asking his influence and work in favor of an appro- 
priation by Congress for the survey of such a road, and through his influence 
and that of Gen. Tipton, then one of the Senators from this State, an appro- 
priation of §20,000 for the survey was made March 3, 1835. It is Mr. Howe's 
recollection that about §10,000 was expended in surveying and laying out the 
road, but this was the first and the last money expended on it. It was thought 
then too late to divert the travel from the Detroit line, and that there would 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 63 

not be enough travel for two roads I The heavily timbered land and stiff clay 
soil, for some distance west of Maumee Bay, had a material influence in retard- 
ing and discouraging the construction of the route. 

In 1835, a road, long known as the Vistula road, was laid out from the 
Elkhart County line through Lima, and on through the county toward Vistula, 
and subsequently became the line of much of the through travel. But the 
principal emigration route was over the Defiance road, from Defiance, Ohio, 
which intersected the Vistula road two and a half miles east of Lima. This 
road was authorized by act of the Legislature, in 1832. In the same year, the 
Fort Wayne road was also authorized, and the report of the viewers filed in 
November, 1832. This road was the principal line of traffic, nearly all the 
.surplus grain for market and merchandise for home use being carried over it, to 
and from Fort Wayne. This continued until the Michigan Southern Railroad 
was built. A road was laid out' from Lima to Goshen, in 1834, and another 
known as the Baubaugo road, from the western line of the county, through La 
Grange, and directly east to Angola, in 1837. At the March term, 1837, the 
County Commissioners appropriated $150 to build a bridge across Turkey 
Creek, on the Perrysburg road ; $300 on State road from Lima to Goshen ; 
•$350 on La Grange and Baubaugo, and $1,000 on Vistula road west of Lima. 
A road from Northport (a vanished town on the north side of Sylvan Lake, 
Rome City,) to Union Mills (Mongo), was laid out in 1839 ; one from Lima 
to Huntington, Ind., January, 1840, and one from La Grange to Wolcottville, 
in March, 1842. The Huntington road is now known as the Ligonier road. 
These were the first and more important common roads opened in the county. 

About 1850, an epidemic raged quite extensively in Northern Indiana for 
building plank roads. It was upon these that local travel was to be made a 
bliss and stockholders were to realize their best dividends. The people of this 
county were generous enough to share with those other counties in this delu- 
sion and joined in the construction of a plank road from Fort Wayne to Stur- 
gis. This road was constructed from Fort Wayne as far as Ontario, the line 
running from Kendallville to the Fourier Association grounds in Springfield 
Township, thence to Mongo, then called Union Mills, and from there to Onta- 
rio. Traveling upon it was splendid for two or three years, until the plank 
began to decay. Then it became execrable. Stockholders found that only loss 
could result in its maintenance and it was abandoned. 

The first railroad talked of in the county was the projected Buffalo & 
Mississippi Railroad, for which .John B. Chapman, Representative from Kos- 
ciusko County, obtained a charter at the General Assembly of the State at 
the session of 1836-37. This road, it was contemplated, would run through 
the northern tier of counties of the State. The County Commissioners, at their 
November term, 1838, authorized a subscription of $500 stock in the road, 
and at their May term, 1839, granted authority for the issue of two county 
bonds of $1,000 each for stock in the road. Books wei-e opened for subscrip- 



64 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

tions by citizens and a considerable amount was subscribed. But the project, 
like many others since, failed of accomplishment. Next came much talk and 
great expectations of the Michigan Southern Railroad, and it was once confi- 
dently thought that that company would have to avail themselves of the Buffalo 
& Mississippi charter in order to reach Chicago. The Chief Engineer of the com- 
pany came to Lima, in the fall of 1850, to see Mr. Howe and others in reference 
to the right of way, etc., for the company; but Mr. Howe was, at the time, at 
Indianapolis, a member of the State Constitutional Convention. But encour- 
aged by the demand and perseverance of the citizens of Southern Michigan, 
the railroad company found a way there further westward before entering In- 
diana. But the building of that line so far northward resulted, after a time, 
in the necessity of the air line route, built by the same company, from Toledo to 
Elkhart. The first line for this road was surveyed through the southern tier of 
the townships of the county and would, in all probability, have been constructed 
on that line but for extraordinary activity of some capitalists at Kendallville. 
The county was thus inclosed on the north and south by two great thoroughfares, 
but neither quite touching it. For about twenty years, all the surplus products of 
the county were carried to these roads, materially aiding in building up the towns 
on it and adjoining the county. Probably one-half and not less than one-third 
cif the trade, development and prosperity of the towns of Sturgis and White 
Pigeon, on the north line, and Kendallville and Ligonier, on the south line, is 
owing to business drawn from La Grange County. But for this circumstance 
the towns of the county would now be much larger than they are and the pop- 
ulation at least one-half more. 

It was not until the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad was built, that the 
county had a single home market. The agitation for this road commenced in 
1855. Joseph Lomax, of Marion, Grant County, was the first and principal 
originator of the enterprise, and was so successful in arousing the people along 
the proposed line, that many put part, and some their whole, f^irms in subscrip- 
tion for stock ; farms being one of the commodities accepted for stock. Con- 
siderable work was done on the line in the county, when the enterprise com- 
menced to languish, and work was finally entirely suspended. But the com- 
piiny managed to keep up a feeble existence, got the land grant in Michigan re- 
newed after the expiration of the time first fixed for the completion of the 
road, thus keeping the hopes of the people alive until 1869, when, under a new 
management, with Joseph K. Edgerton, of Fort Wayne, as President, and who, 
as Member of Consross in 1863-65, had got the land grant renewed, the com- 
pany was enabled to re-enlist the interest of the people to such an extent that 
about $100,000 was subscribed by individuals in the county, nearly all along 
the line of road. Under tiiis stimulus and aid, the road was completed through 
the county. The first locomotive reached La Grange from Sturgis, April 11. 
1870, welcomed by the roar of cannon, and music by the band. Flags were 
swung to the breeze, smiles brightened every face, men shook hands, then 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 65 

thrust them down into their pockets, and provided means for a sumptuous din- 
ner at the hotels for all the track layers and railroad employes. That sea- 
son, the road was completed from Sturgis to Fort Wayne, and the next year 
from Sturgis to Grand Rapids, Mich. The stock taken by the people has 
been almost valueless until recently, when it has attained a value of 10 cents 
on the dollar. But the road has been of immense benefit to the county, and 
few, if any, who took stock complain of the investment. It has, to a consider- 
able extent, checked the outflow of trade, and furnished good markets within 
her own borders, where farmers can sell and invest at home. The county, 
though, will continue to be largely contributary to outside towns, near its bor- 
ders, until an east and west line is built through. There have been a number 
of east and west railroads projected, talked of, and advocated ; and in January, 
1873, a county election was held on the proposition to appropriate $98,000 in 
aid of a projected line called the New York & Chicago Air Line Railroad. The 
proposition was defeated by a vote of 1,520 against, to 1,220 for. This lino 
was surveyed to run centrally through the county, east and west. The financial 
crisis coming on soon after, nothing more has been heard of that enterprise. 
An extension of the Detroit, Hillsdale & Northwestern Railroad through the 
county and on west has been several times talked of, and in 1880 was strongly 
advocated, and quite a large sum of money was subscribed for it, in the north- 
eastern part of the county. This project is liable to revive at any time. A 
narrow-gauge route from Lake Michigan through the county to Toledo was 
much talked of also, in 1880. A number of public meetings were held, and 
much running to and fro caused, but that was all. In the winter of 1880-81, 
the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Company had a preliminary 
survey made for another track from Toledo, through Angola and La Grange, to 
Goshen. At present, all these projects are little talked of, and much less ex- 
pected to culminate in any real construction. In 1872, a line for the Canada 
Southern Railroad was surveyed through the southern section of the county, 
subscriptions taken, right of way obtained, number of ties delivered, but the 
financial crisis laid that enterprise on the shelf also. 

The first post office in the county was opened at a farm house on Mon- 
quinong Prairie, George Egnew, Postmaster, in 1832. The post office at La 
Grange was opened in 1843, with Charles B. Holmes as Postmaster. The dates 
of the opening of the other offices are not accessible. There are now sixteen 
offices in the county — La Grange, Lima; Scott, Van Buren Township ; Ontario, 
Lima Township; Brighton and Greenfield Mills, Greenfield Township; Mongo 
and Brushy Prairie, Springfield Township; South Milford, Milford Township; 
Wolcottville, Woodruff and Valentine, Johnson Township ; Steno, Clearspring 
Township ; Emma, Eden Township ; Pashan and Shore, Newbury Township. 
The La Grange Post Office attained to the third class (Presidential) in 1872, and 
is the only one of that class in the county. Until the railroads were built, 
the mails were brought from Fort Wayne by stage. After the completion of 



66 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

the Michigan Southern routes, they were brought from Sturges and Kemlall- 
ville in like manner. Since 1870, the mails have been forwarded by the 
Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad, and are distributed to the county from 
Kendallville, Noble County, La Grange and Lima. The present star line 
mail routes are from Lima to Ontario, Brighton, Mongo, Brushy Prairie and 
South Milford, to Kendallville, tri-weekly ; from La Grange to Steno, semi- 
weekly ; from La Grange to Emma, Shore and Pashan and Goshen, semi- 
weekly; from White Pigeon to Scott, from Orland to Greenfield Mills, from 
Wolcottville to Woodruif. 

The first preaching, that there is record of, in the county, was in the 
vicinity of Lima, in 1829, by Rev. Erastus Felton, sent out by the Ohio Meth- 
odist Conference as a missionary to the settlements in Southern Michigan and 
Northern Indiana. He was succeeded in 1831 by Rev. Leonard B. Geerly. 
In July, 1832, Rev. Christopher Corey, the Pastor of the Presbyterian Church 
at White Pigeon, Mich., came over to Lima, and, taking a stump for a pulpit, 
preached to the people. The next year he became a permanent resident, and 
is yet residing at Lima, a living witness of all the remarkable changes of half 
a century, and can trace, not only there, but throughout the county, the in- 
fluences of the good seed sown, at the beginning of the settlement, by himself 
and other Christian workers. 

Rev. H. J. Hall, a Baptist minister, sent West by the Massachusetts 
Home Mission Society, came in 1833 and located a little north of the town of 
Lexington. His pastorate was brief, owing to ill health, requiring him to re- 
turn East. Though he was not able to organize any societies in the county, 
others soon followed, by whom they were organized, and, in 1837, a Baptist 
Churnh was organized at Wolcottville, and, in 1816, another at Lima, and 
since in several other localities in the county. The Methodist Mission was 
dropped in a few years, a regular circuit formed, and this was followed by 
division into other circuits. At present there are five distinct charges, and 
some twenty local societies. The Presbyterians have flourishing churches at 
La Grange and Lima, and membership in different parts of the county. The 
once distinguished Bishop Philander Chase, of Ohio, preached at Lima as early 
as in 1884; other Protestant Episcopal ministers followed him, with occasional 
services, until 1851, when a church was organized at Lima, and subsequently 
one at La Grange in 1872. These denominations were the earlier founders of 
religious societies in the county. 

Individuals connected with other branches were as early here as any of 
these, but we have no record of organized societies by other churches until 
1854, when three church societies were organized — a Congregational at Lima, 
German Baptist (Dunkers), in Newbury Township, and the Evangelical Lutheran 
at La Grange. Still other churches formed societies, but at what dates we 
have not been able to learn — the United Brethren in Christ, the Free- Will 
Baptist, the Christian or Disciple, the Albrights, Protestant Methodist and Wes- 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 67 

leyan Methodists. The La Grange County Bible Society was one of the 
earlier religious organizations. At a meeting of its Board of Managers in 
March, 1839, the following interesting report, prepared at the time by a com- 
mittee consisting of Revs. H. J. Hall and Christopher Cory, was presented 
and adopted : 

" During the past year, this county has been supplied with the precious 
Word of Life. At a period almost coeval with the first settlement of this 
county, this good work was commenced under the auspices of the Bible society 
in St. Joseph County, Mich., after which it was carried forward through the 
instrumentality of a very few of our own citizens. In the spring of 1834, this 
society was formed, and further arrangements were made from time to time for 
the extension of this I'iver of life, that it might freely flow to every human 
habitation, willing to receive it, within our bounds. Yet, notwithstanding this 
work was commenced at so early a period, we have never till the present been 
permitted to say it is finished. But, be it remembered, this work is finished 
only for the present time, and within our little bounds. Again and again must 
the feet of him that bringeth glad tidings be speeding their way through our 
villages, our prairies and forests, to the cottages of the poor and the destitute, 
until that glorious period shall come, when the earth shall be filled, like the 
overflowing sea, with the knowledge of our God, whose spirit, holy and divine, 
inspired this sacred volume." 

The agent. Rev. H. J. Hall, employed by this society to explore this 
county and to supply the destitute with the Bible, has reported the following 
facts, to wit: 

" This county contains 650 families, 3,657 inhabitants, and 450 professors 
of religion. Among those who made a public profession of their faith in 
Christ, 209 belong to the Methodist denomination, 152 to the Presbyterian, 
72, Baptist ; 9, Episcopalian, and 6 to the Lutheran. One hundred and 
seventeen individuals professing to have passed from death unto life, most 
of whom made a profession of religion previous to their coming to this county, 
are now living outside of the inclosure of Christ's kingdom. In this county 
there are 1,035 children between the ages of five and fifteen years, of whom 
only 278 have attended school the past year three months, leaving 757 who 
have not attended any school, or have attended less than three months. One 
agent further reports that he found eighty families destitute of the Bible, most 
of whom received it gladly. May they find in it the hidden treasures of eter- 
nal life. Four families refused this precious book, thereby shutting out this 
light of heaven from their gloo^iy habitations. To conclude, let the friends 
of the Bible be encouraged to redouble their efl"orts, knowing that their labor in 
the Lord is not in vain, and that in due season, they shall reap if they faint 
not. C. Cokey, Chairman of Committee." 

Here we have a close enumeration of the inhabitants at this time, a showing 
of their religious status, and a classification of their denominational divisions. 



68 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Only four families of the whole number did not want a Bible. Then about 
one in every eight of the population made a public profession of faith in Christ ; 
now, as nearly as we can ascertain, the proportion is one in six. 

The wave of spiritism which swept over the country in an early day, 
did not neglect La Grange County, and for a time, between 1850 and the war, 
spirit-rapping and writing and like phenomena were the leading sensation, 
and the cause of apparently endless discussion between those who saw in it a 
divine revelation and those who believed it to be the manifestation of his 
Satanic majesty, walking the earth seeking whom he might devour. Numerous 
circles were formed and seances held, and nearly all the performances of the 
alleged spirits were claimed to be evoked by local mediums. Eloquent and 
talented lecturers came and proclaimed the new gospel, boastfully predicting 
its future supremacy over the old religion. Spiritism did maintain a form and 
substance in society, more or less influential, for some twenty years, but gradu- 
ally died away, until little is heard of it in public. After the lecturer and 
medium came the " exposer," and kept up considerable excitement concerning 
the dying cause. Those who have lived through it, have lived to see the cause 
of so many exhibitions of hasty credulity on one side and so much anxious fear, 
and even bigoted persecution, on the other, gradually lose its place as a basis of 
faith, and become an object of semi-scientific experimentation. 

It will be remembered that among the many schemes proposed in the first 
half of the century for changing the social order and inaugurating an era of 
good feeling and heavenly acting, the system of Charles Fourier attracted 
great attention. Into different forms of these socialistic schemes went young 
men of great faith in humanity and its possibilities, but, after a few years, 
dropped out, with little faith left, and a i-esolution to bear the ills we Lave in 
society rather than sacrifice themselves in a vain attempt to reconstruct it. The 
society organized in this county has not had itself perpetuated in romance, as 
was the "Brook Farm," by Nathaniel Hawthorne, but it made a no less earnest 
effort for success, and had a pleasant existence for several years. 

The history of this organization, as far as it is handed down to us, is full 
of interest. A number of the best and most prominent citizens of Springfield 
Township were the founders of the enterprise. A constitution of thirty articles 
was framed in 1844, upon the basis of Fourier's doctrines as modified and pub- 
lished by Albert Brisbane, of New York, in 1843. A charter was granted to 
William S. Prentiss, Benjamin Jones and Harvey Olmstead, by the Legislature. 
Other members who joined in the first year were Jesse Huntsman, Alanson 
Mason, William Anderson, John H. Cutler, Eliphalet Warner, L. H. Stocker, 
Prentiss H. Evans, William Sheldon, Dr. Richardson, Hart Hazen and Margaret 
Wade. The name chosen was the rather warlike one of the " La Grange 
Phalanx." 

Joseph B. Wade, son of Margaret Wade, and a schoolboy at that time, 
says in a paper on this subject: "There are many pleasant recollections 




«. 




l/^ GRANGE 



HISTORY OF LA CHANGE COUNTY. 71 

clustering around those years, when 120 people from Indiana and Michigan 
lived under the same roof and ate at the same table. The home of the Phalanx 
was a house 210 feet long by twenty-four feet wide, and two stories high, with 
a, veranda to both stories on the front. In the center of the first story was a 
dining-room, forty feet long by twenty-four feet wide ; immediately above the 
school-room, which was large enough to accommodate the children. And a 
better controlled and managed school, it was never my fortune to attend." 

The system of management in the Phalanx was as follows: The industrial 
department was managed by a Council of Industry, who controlled, laid out, 
and directed all of the agricultural and mechanical departments, upon the basis 
as described in Article .\.VI (75 cents per day of ten hours), and so ordered 
that ten hours of the man who plowed were paid the same as eight hours of him 
who grubbed. The Council of Commerce had under its supervision all the 
buying, selling and traffic of the Phalanx. The Council of Education (made 
up of the best educational talent) had the entire management of the school and 
educational matters in the Phalanx. The several councils consisted of three or 
more members, of which the President was one. The different departments 
were sub-divided into groups of from three to eight persons, each group having 
its foreman, chosen by its members, who reported the time of each member to 
the Secretary once every week, in days and hours. 

" This system in many respects was advantageous to successful labor, and 
but for the fact of too little care in taking in members, might have been sue- 
cessful and popular as a labor-saving organization. But the whole thing was 
new and untried, and many adventurers came in, some for want of a home, others 
to winter and leave in the spring. I do not doubt that the prudent, careful 
men of the Phalanx, after disbanding that organization, could, with their years 
of experience, have formed one that would have been a step in advance of the 
old isolated system of living, not for successful industry merely, but socially 
and educationally. This Phalanx was wound up and settled by William Sea- 
burn and Ephraim Seeley, commissioned as provided by the constitution, without 
litigation, in 1817 or 1848, and its members scattered, leaving only at this 
writing (1876) in this county, Hon. William Prentiss and the mother of the 
family of William S. Prentiss ; Phineas Huntsman, of the family of Jesse 
Huntsman ; Ilarvey Olmstead, the writer and his wife, and Mrs. Ellen Deal, 
daughter of Benjamin Jones, upon whose f;irm the Phalanx was located." 

At about the same time as the Fourier movement, like ideas of co-opera- 
tion, but on a more religious basis, gave rise to an organization in Lexington 
of a co-oporative society under the modest title of " The Congregation of 
Saints." The association was completed March 5, 1843, when the following 
preamble was adopted, which will reveal the nature of the proposed remedy for 
evils, real and imaginary, afflicting society : 

Tlie Congregation of Saints at Lexington, La Grange County, lud., deeply sensible of ihe 
innumerable evils which afflict all classes of society, and despairing of deliverance through the 

D 



72 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

agency of our present social and political systems which we belieye are at variance with the 
principles of Christianity, and consequently the best interest of man: being desirous of securing 
for ourselves constant, and as far as possible, agreeable occupations, just dividends and theadvan 
tage of economy, only to be realized in association ; and to establish a complete system of edu- 
cation in all useful and elevating branches of physical, intellectual and moral science, together 
with the most ample provision for the aged and afflicted ; and above all, to escape from the per- 
petual conflicts and litigations which now render society little else than a pandemonium; and 
which, we believe, grow out of the present systems, and out of the depraved nature of man ; do 
agree to unite in association, and to purchase and cultivate a domain of from two to six thousand 
acres of land, to prosecute such branches of commercial, mechanical, scientific, agricultural and 
horticultural employments as shall be conducive to our good ; to divide the products of the labor 
among ourselves on a discriminating scale, by which each shall, as nearly as possible, reap what 
he may sow ; to abolish the distinction of master and servant ; te preserve individuality ; to se- 
cure the rights and extend the privileges of women ; to cherish and strengthen all the tender 
ties and relations growing out of the family compact ; to enlarge the freedom of the individual 
by granting to all varied occupations, and the selection of the particular branch of industry for 
which they may feel an attraction. We believe that we shall be thus enabled to put in practice 
the two divine precepts — " Love thy neighbor as thyself," and "As ye would that others should do 
unto you, do ye even so unto them." 

The La Grange Freeman, of April 8, 1843, in which we find the article." 
of association of the Saints, remarks editorially, in referring to it : " What 
next ! And what is to be the end of all these associations ? Time alone will, 
reveal the results. If they prove beneficial, we shall rejoice ; but if disastrous, 
awful will be the consequences. The matter to us looks dark." A contributor 
in the same paper, commenting on the subject, says : " The world, at this day, 
Mr. Editor, is full of expedients for improving and ameliorating the condition 
of society. Among other reformers and new modelers of country and the 
world we have the Socialists, the Rationalists, each in their turn inculcating 
their peculiar doctrines, and some new and wonderful discovery about to en- 
liiThten the world, renovate the earth and elevate human nature above the wants, 
the woes, and the vices which have so long afflicted mankind. * * * 

I, for one, have no confidence in these visionary theorists, these philosophic 
and intellectual benefactors of mankind, who are forming for us new principles 
of association and government, under the blessings of which offenses are to 
cease, and men to become peaceful and harmless as doves." 

Editor and contributor proved wiser than the " Saints," and Fourierites. 
Both associations were short-lived ; indeed, the "Saints" hardly got organ- 
ized before disorganization commenced, and the society was disbanded before 
the new mode of living was tested. No open advocates of these theories now 
remain. But for these reminiscences very few of this day would know such 
societies were ever advocated and formed in the county. Though unsuccessful, 
they merit a recollection as evidences, if no more, of the intellectual activity 
among the early settlers. 

A more popular and exciting theory of that day was the construction of 
the Scriptural prophecies preached by AVilliam Miller, to the effect that Jesus 
Christ would come into the world again, some time between March 21, 1843, 
and March 21, 1844. Several Millorite preachers came into the county and 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 73 

held revival meetings, at which there was great excitement, and as many con- 
versions as could be hoped for in such a thinly populated country. But the 
sun went down calmly March 21, 1844, and the world still went on in its old, 
old fashion. The millennium was set for a later date, and another "ism " lost 
its hold upon the people. 

An active interest in the cause of education is one of the characteristics of 
the county, from its first settlement to the present. While the first pio- 
neers were wending their way into the wilderness here, seeking homes for 
themselves and families, a member of an infidel club at Victor, N. Y., was sit- 
ting at the feet of the distinguished evangelist, Charles G. Finney, a humble, 
penitent, and then an enthusiastic convert to the Christian faith. This man, 
Nathan Jenks, as soon as he came to answer the question, under the new light 
he had received, " What wilt Thou have me to do," conceived the idea of 
founding an educational institute somewhere in the West, modeled somewhat 
after the Oberlin Institute of Ohio, then the favorite of Mr. Finney, and of 
which he was many years the President. Mr. Jenks, in coming West, struck 
Ontario, was pleased with the locality, bought land and settled down, and soon 
proposed his favorite project. On February 6, 1837, an organization was 
eftected, a Board of Trustees elected, and the La Grange Collegiate Institute 
became an institution, and one of the very first institutions of higher education in 
Northern Indiana. A fuller history of this institute will be found in the Lima 
Township record. It wielded a strong and healthful educational influence for 
many years, lifted hundreds into the higher range of intellectual culture, and 
was materially beneficial to the cause of education throughout the whole coun. 
ty. When it was proposed in the new constitution of 1852 to incorporate the 
free school system, the people of La Grange County were at the front urging its 
adoption. Before this the schools were supported almost exclusively by indi- 
vidual subscription. Since then as exclusively by State and local taxation. At 
present, and for some years past, tuition in all the public schools has been en- 
tirely free to all residents of the respective school districts. From the adoption 
of the new constitution to 1861, the teachers were licensed by a board of three 
examiners. Rev. C. Cory, of Lima, served several years on this board. From 
this time until 1873 there was but one examiner for the county, the office being 
filled during that time by Joseph H. Danseur, one year and five months ; 
George A. Marks, one year ; W. H. Hemenway, ten months ; Rufus Patcli, 
three years and six months ; A. Fitz Randolph, one year and nine months ; 
William Cathcart, seven months. Now came a radical change in this office, 
the duties being so enlarged as to require a general supervision of all the schools 
of the county. The name was also changed to County Superintendent, and the 
office at once assumeil an importance before unrecognized. This office has been 
filled as follows : S. D. Crane, 1870 to 1871 ; Alfred Bayless, 1871 to 1873 ; 
S. D. Crane, 1873 to 1874 ; E. T. Cosper, 1874 to 1875 ; S. D. Crane, 
1875 to 1831 ; E. G. Machan, 1881 to date. With the office of County Super- 



74 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

intendent was also established the County Board of Education, consisting of 
the Superintendent, the Trustees of the several townships, and the President of 
the School Boards of incorporated towns. This board is required to meet 
semi-annually, to ascertain the wants and needs of the schools, in property and 
text books, and to adopt general rules of management. Under this system ma- 
terial changes have been wrought in the school management. A higher grade 
of qualification for teaching has been enforced, nearly one-half of all applicants 
for teachers' licenses being rejected; school work has been better .systematized, 
recitations arranged so as to secure more equal advantages for pupils, better 
class of text books adopted, the methods of instruction improved, more attention 
given to analysis than mere rule, and nearly all the schools put on a graded 
course of instruction. Nearly all are now graded, and arrangements are com- 
pleted by which pupils who finish the course of study, adopted October 17, 
1881, will receive a diploma which will admit them to any high school in the 
county without further examination. The course requires nine years to com- 
plete it, and as it is arranged, classes can be graduated from each school every 
two years. The marked improvement in the country schools of the county 
within the last three years shows the wisdom of establishing the office of County 
Superintendent. It will require but a few years more, with the hearty co-op- 
eration of patrons, teachers and school officers, to give our country schools the 
advantages largely of those in the towns. Better schoolhouses have been and 
are being built, and all are being supplied with greatly improved facilities for 
illustration, as maps, charts, cards, mathematical blocks, magnets, globes and 
other apparatus. 

Another part of the school machinery is the County Institute, held 
once a year, and Township institutes, held once a month, in each township, 
during the school months. It is claimed for the county the honor of having 
inaugurated the Institute system in the State, the first Teachers' Institute being 
held at Ontario, in 1846. This was followed the next year (1847) by a Nor- 
mal school of four weeks' term. Normal schools are yet held every summer, as 
a private enterprise, on the part, generally, of the Superintendents, but greatly 
to the benefit of those seeking to qualify themselves for effective teaching. 

The State Superintendent, in his annual report of 1880, shows the follow 
ing interesting facts pertaining to this county : 

Number of persons of school age — from six years to twenty-one years.. 5,136 

Number that cannot read or write 6 

Number admitteii into the schools for year ending August 30, 1881 4,324 

Average daily attendance. 2,676 

Number of school districts Ill 

Number district graded schools 108 

Number township graded schools 4 

Average length of schools — Days 145 

Number of teachers — Male 86 

Number of teachers — Pemale ')4 180 



HISTORY OF LA GUANUE COUNTY. 75 

Average wages of teachers per day : 

In townsbips— Males f 1.60 

In townships— Females 1.29 

In towns — Males 3.12 

In towns — Females 1.50 

Total revenue for tuition..... |44,688 81 

Total revenue for special school purposes — building schoolhouses, 

expenses of schools, etc $17,250 71 

Number of schoolhouses — Brick 17 

Number of schoolhouses — Frame 9.5 112 

Value of school property $181,893 00 

Volumes in township libraries 2,0-18 

Amount paid Trustees during the year for services in connection with 

the schools |525 00 

At the organization of the county, one section of land in each Congres- 
sional township was set apart for school purposes, its proceeds, when sold, to 
be invested as a permanent fund, and the interest to be applied to a tuition fund 
of the respective townships. All this land was sold some years ago. The total 
amount of the principal of the Congressional fund held in trust by the county 
May 31, 1881, was $17,576.80. There are three different funds used for the 
education of the children of the State — the Congressional fund above mentioned ; 
the Common School Fund, made up from various sources by the State, and 
which, on the 1st of June, 1880, amounted to $6,616,112.04; of this amount, 
$3,904,783.21 is in the form of a negotiable bond of the State, and the rest 
in money distributed to the several counties, pro rata, held in trust by the 
counties and loaned to the citizens. The constitution of the State prohibits the 
reduction of the principal of either of these funds, which now aggregate the 
immense sura of $9,065, 254. 73, equal te $12.88 per capita of those of school 
age. The amount of the Common School Fund, held in trust by La Grange 
County, May 31, 1881, was $21,621.68, making the total school funds held in 
trust, Congressional and Common School, $39,198.48. To the interest derived 
from these sources of school revenue, there is each year a levy by the State of 
sixteen cents on each $100 valuation of property, which is twice a year dis- 
tributed to several counties in proportion to enumeration of children. Another 
source of revenue for tuition is made by town and township levies, which they 
are permitted to make to an extent not to exceed 25 cents on each $100. These 
two taxes, added to the interest on the Congressional and Common School 
funds are for the tuition of the children. For the building of schoolhouses, repairs, 
furniture, apparatus and incidental expenses, each township and town levies 
a special school tax, to an amount deemed necessary, not to exceed 50 cents on 
each $100 valuation. 

The aggregate sums expended for school purposes, derived from these 
sources in this county for year ending September 30, 3 881, was, for tuition, 
$26,581.20; and for special school purposes, $15,097.44 ; total, $41,678.64. 
The sum for many years has aggregated so nearly this amount, that a table 
showing each year's expenditures for schools is hardly necessary. 



( b HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

The number of teachers licensed for the year ending June 1, 1881, was 
212 ; per cent for two years, 4 ; for eighteen months, 12 ; for twelve months, 
34 ; for six months, 50. 

The newspaper history of the county commences with the establishment, 
at Ontario, of the La Grange Freeman in July, 1842, with Samuel Heming- 
way, Jr., as editor. In the election of the next year it supported the Whig 
ticket and bore at the head of its editorial columns the names of Samuel Biwfjer 
for Governor and John H. Bradley, La Porte, for Lieutenant Governor. The 
paper was a six column folio and fairly printed. Its publication was continued 
nearly two years, when it was suspended and the material of the office moved to 
Lima, and the La Grange Whig started in 1845, with James S. Castle as editor 
and publisher. In September, 1844, another paper was started at Ontario by 
James M. Flagg, an attorney, called the People's Advocate. Early in 1845, 
this paper was moved to Lima and the name changed to the La Grange Advo- 
cate. This was also a six column folio and AVhig in politics. The few copies 
of these papers that have been preserved unto the present are almost destitute 
of local references, the tditorial labor seemingly having been directed to clip- 
ping from distant papers and occasional comments upon National and State 
matters. There is a remarkable contrast, in respect to "locals," between the 
newspapers of that day and the present. A country paper now without five to 
ten columns of home news every week would hardly be looked at by the people. 
Then there was hardly as much in as many months. The La Grange Advocate, 
after a short life at Lima, was merged into the Lima Whig, which continued an 
active career until 1855, when it passed into the hands of C. D. Y. Alexander 
and soon after was discontinued. The Whigs, though, during all this time, 
were not permitted to exercise all tlie newspaper talent of the county. In Oc- 
tober, 1845, Messrs. Jewett, Owen & Bennett started the La Grange Democrat, 
which held up and defended the Democratic banner some four or five years, 
when it was suspended. Who were the different proprietors during that time, 
or whether there were any changes, cannot now be ascertained. The town 
of La Grange, the new county seat, had, by this time, so grown as to 
aspire to newspaper standing, and then, as now, there was somebody ready to 
fill such "felt wants." Mr. G. D. Stanclift' was the first man to try the busi- 
ness in La Grange, by starting the La Grange Herald in 1856. It was but an 
experiment, and ere the year closed the Herald had expired. But the want had 
by no means been gratified, and one morning in December, 1856, the current 
topic was a new printing office in town. John K. Morrow, of Bryan, Ohio, 
had moved in, bringing with him a Washington hand press and printing ma- 
terial covered with a chattel mortgage. Associating with him Rayhouser 

he at once commenced the issue of the La Grange Standard, which has made 
regular weekly visitations to the people of the county from that day to this. 
It was the first Republican paper established in the county. A number of 
changes in proprietors and editors have occurred; but, with all the changes, 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 77 

the paper has been gradually improved and advanced in circulation and pros- 
perity. Rayhouser held his interest but a short time, when he sold to C. D. 
Y. Alexander, of Lima, and he soon sold his interest to Joseph B. Wade. 
Morrow and Wade conducted the paper about a year, when Mr. Wade sold his 
interest to John D. Devor, in the winter of 1859. 

In April, 186U, Dr. Charles 0. Myers bought the entire office, and con- 
ducted the paper until 1863, when he sold out to Thomas S. Taylor, who had, 
a few months previous, started a paper, the Lima Union, at Lima. Mr. Myers 
taking the material of the Union in part pay, moved it to Kendallville, and 
started the Kendallville Standard. Mr. Taylor conducted the La Grange 
Standard until November 22, 1867, when he sold the office to Dr. John H. 
Rerick, who held it until May, 1869, when he sold it to John D. Devor. The 
latter added some $2,500 material to the office, consisting of a new Washington 
hand press, two job presses, a large quantity of type, and other material. On 
the iSth of July, 1872, the office was again bought by Dr. J. H. Rerick, and 
is still owned and conducted by him. In October, 1874, he added a power 
Taylor press (the first power press ever brought into the county), steam-power, 
mailing machine and considerable other material. 

In 1859, J. S. Castle started a Democratic paper at La Grange, called the 
La Grange Democrat, which he published about a year at La Grange, when he 
moved the office to Lima and continued the publication there until some time 
in 1862, when it was discontinued entirely. In 1868, through the joint opera- 
tion of a number of Democrats in the different parts of the county, an entirely 
new office was bought and a new Democrat started, with Francis Henry and 
Howard M. Coe as editors and publishers. This paper took an active part in 
the campaign of 1868. In April, 1869, the office was consumed with the 
block of business buildings then destroyed by the most disastrous fire that has 
yet occurred in the town. A number of Democrats renewed their stock, and 
new press and new material were again purchased and the Democrat re-issued. 
Mr. Henry soon retired from the paper, when its publication was continued by 
Mr. Coe until some time in 1870, when he abandoned the office and it was 
closed up. The material of the office was purchased in 1871 by Hiram A. 
Sweet, and a new paper was started, entitled the La Grange Independent. Mr. 
A. Bayliss bought an interest in the paper in 1872, and conducted the edito- 
rial department about a year, when he sold his interest back to Mr. Sweet. 
Mr. Sweet continued its publication until the spring of 1874, when he discon- 
tinued it and moved the office to Sturgis, Mich. In the spring of 1874, A. H. 
Wait, of Sturgis, Mich., started the Register at Wolcottville, which he sold a 
few months after to his publisher. James R. Rheubottom. In December, 1875, 
S. D. Crane, of La Grange, bought an interest in the office, and in March) 
1876, bought the remaining interest held by Mr. Rheubottom, and moved the 
office to La Grange, changing the name of the paper to the La Grange Register, 
the first copy of the latter being issued in April, 1876. In June, of the same 



78 PIISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

year, J. C. Hewitt bought an interest in the office, and in December succeeding 
bought the entire office, and has conducted it since. In August, 1881, he 
put in a power Campbell press, the second power press introduced in the 
county. 

James R. Rheubottom started a new paper in Rome City, Noble County, 
in the spring of 1876, which he moved to WolcottviJle in June, the same year, 
and issued it under the title of the Wolcottville Gazette, conducting it until 
November, 1878, when he sold the office to I. W. Lohman, who shortly after 
moved it to Rome City again, when it was, in the course of a year, discontin- 
ued entirely, and the material shipped to Indianapolis. 

November 13, 1879, a new La Gr&nge Democ7-at was started at La Grange, 
by J. Frank Snyder, and is still being issued. Several different persons have 
been associated with Mr. Snyder in the publication of the paper. 

At present writing (October, 1881), there are three papers published in 
the county, all at La Grange ; the Sta7idard, a seven-column quarto, Republican 
in politics; the /Je^/sfer, a six-column quarto, independent; and the Democrat, 
a five-column quarto; all published on the "co-operative plan."' 

In the line of book authorship, there have been, so far as we can learn, 
but two residents of the county who have ventured into this field. Hon. John 
B. Howe, of Lima, who has devoted the late years of his life largely to the 
study of financial problems, has written and had published four books on the 
subject under the following titles: 

1st. "The Political Economy of Great Britain, the United States and 
France, in the Use of Money. A new science of production and exchange." 

2d. "Monetary and Industrial Fallacies. A dialogue." 

3d. "Mono-metalism and Bi-metalisra." 

4th. "The Common Sense. The Mathematics and the Metaphysics of 
Money." 

The chief proposition, and to which others maintained are subordinate, 
in these four books is, that the present theory of money is founded, like the 
ptolemaic theory for the universe, on illusory and not real facts, and that there 
can be no sound monetary, and hence no sound social, science, so far as 
political economy is concerned, until monetary science is founded on actual 
facts. He claims, in these books, to have demonstrated the falsity of the 
science of money as now taught, and the truth of his own science. 

Dr. J. H. Rerick wrote, and had published, in 1880, a book of nearly 
three hundred pages, illustrated with maps and portraits, entitled, "The Forty- 
fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. History of its services in the war of the 
rebellion, and a personal record of its members." 

The politics of the county, when the contest was between Whigs and 
Democrats, was nearly equally divided. In five Presidential contests, the 
Whigs won in two, 1840 and 1844; the Democrats in two, 183G and 1848. 
In 1852, the two parties were a tie. The Abolitionists cast 38 votes in 1844, 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 79 

114 in 1848, and, in 1852, under the name of ''Free-Soil," 117 votes. The 
repeal of the Missouri compromise, the attempted extension of slavery into Kan- 
sas and Nebraska, aroused much indignation and warm political controversies 
in the county. The result was a general disorganization of the two old parties, 
and a sharp issue on the anti-Nebraska question in 1854, resulting in the elec- 
tion of the entire anti-Nebraska ticket, by majorities ranging from 125 to 500. 
The organization of the Republican party, combining all the opponents of 
slavery extension soon following, the political lines were drawn on that line in 
this county, and until the appearance of the National or Greenback party, there 
were but the two party organizations in the county, the Republican and Dem- 
ocratic. At every election since, the Republican party has elected every county 
candidate put in nomination by its county convention, by handsome majorities. 
There is not, probably, another county where either party, so largely ascendent 
in a county, has maintained such a solid and unbroken front for twenty-seven 
years. The Republican majorities at the Presidential elections have ranged 
from 7t)0 to 1,033. The National or Greenback party was organized in the 
county in 1876, and in that year cast 63 votes for its Presidential candidate, 
and at the State election of 1878 attained its maximum, casting some 500 
votes. As soon as the country began to recover from the financial crisis 
of 1873, that party began to decline, and, at the Presidential election of 1880, 
cast only 116 votes. Now it has entirely disappeared as an organization. In 
the statistical table elsewhere will be found the Presidential vote at every elec- 
tion since the organization of the county. 

The people of La Grange County, from its earliest settlement, have, in the 
main, been a very temperate people. Total prohibition of the use of strong 
drinks as a beverage has had at all times strong advocates. So strong has this 
sentiment been that for many years, as long as the issue of license to retail was 
left to discretion of the County Commissioners, no licenses were issued at all. 
The organized temperance work has been mainly done through the Sons of 
Temperance, the Good Templar Order, the red ribbon and blue ribbon move- 
ments. The Hutchinson Lodge of Good Templars, organized in La Grange in 
July, 1866, has met regularly every week since, and been the center of an 
active and beneficent temperance influence. Another lodge of the same order, 
entitled the Davis Lodge, was organized, and is yet doing good work in the 
cause of temperance and social culture. 

A number of other secret societies of social character have been organized, 
and been more or less influential, socially, in the community. A Lodge of the 
Independent Order of Odd Fellows was organized at Lima in 1848, and at- 
tained a membership as high as forty-three, consisting mainly of the active 
business young men. Hon. Schuyler Colfax gave a public lecture under the 
auspices of the Lodge at the M. E. Church in 1849. The California emigra- 
tion drew so largely on its membership and so weakened it, that the Lodge sur- 
rendered its charter in 1854. About the same time the Odd Fellows' Lodge 



80 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

was organized, a Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons was also organized at 
Lima. A charter for the organization of the Meridian Sun Lodge No. 7, 
Free and Accepted Masons, was granted June 1, 1849, with William Martin, 
Worshipful Master ; F. Flanders, Senior Warden ; William Berg, Junior War- 
den ; John Kromer, Secretary ; John Briscoe, Treasurer. Since its organiza- 
tion, 425 members have been enrolled. The present officers are : B. F. Lutz, 
Worshipful Master ; M. V. Stroup, Senior Warden; J. H. Caton, Junior War- 
den ; A. F. Skeer, Treasurer ; and J. H. Lutz, Secretary. 

The Star in the West Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., at La Grange, was organized in 
June. 1855, has had a membership of 150. and is still in active working order. 
At Wolcottville, there are two Lodges. Aldine Lodge I. 0. 0. F. organized 
April 19, 1875, with a membership now of twenty-six, and Ionic Lodge F. A. 
M., organized May 28, 1868, with a present membership of forty-seven. 

The Grange movement, in 1873, found a number of active and influential 
adherents in this county. Some eleven Granges of the Patrons of Industry 
were organized, and all, we believe, by William Collett. The strongest 
Granges were formed in Clearspring Township, where one or two still exist ; 
all the others, though, have been discontinued. 

In the month of February, 1878, a movement was made in La Grange 
County, to organize a Home Insurance Company on the mutual plan. The 
first meeting of those interested was held on the 2d of March of the same year, 
at which time the following men became charter members : Samuel P. Brad- 
ford, H. H. Bassler, John Dalton, James Miller, B. W. Vesey, Philip Sprewer, 
Joseph Steininger, Alanson Blackmun, Mrs. Zedina Buck, Wrench Winters, 
William Crampton. Robert Kellett. Mrs. M. Kellet, D. N. Stough, James 
Smith, Levi Putt, George W. Storms, William Gardner, Henry Weiss, Z. L. 
Scidmore, Israel Spangler, Peter Alspaugh, Levi Eshleman, A. J. Royer, John 
Bellairs, William Woodward, William S. Olney, Peter Moak, George Preston, 
John McDonald and Elias Wight. These men took out policies, and sub- 
scribed stock to the amount of $57,615. The company, from that time to this, 
has grown very rapidly until the membership now numbers about 500. On the 
11th of February, 1879, the stock amounted to $277,390; February 10, 1880, 
to §431,846 : June 6, 1881. to $645,455 ; and January 11, 1882, to $751,751. 
But four assessments have been made upon the members to make good losses, as 
follows: January, 1879, a tax of eleven and one-half mills on the dollar; De- 
cember, 1879, a tax of eight mills ; April, 1880, a tax of twenty-two mills ; 
and June, 1881, a tax of fifteen mills. The total losses paid to the present 
writing (January 7, 1882), are as follows : During the first year, $110 ; sec- 
ond year, $250; third year, $968 ; fourth year, $851.98. Total losses paid, 
$2,179.98. The total per cent of taxation to meet lossesduring the four years 
is but fifty-six and one-half. Every loss has been promptly paid, and the com- 
pany presents a fine financial showing. The losses have been mostly by light- 
ning, whereby various flocks of sheep, meat in smoke houses, and buildings 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 81 

suffered. The first officers were : Amasa Bunnell, President ; Samuel P. 
Bradford, Secretary ; and H. H. Bassler, Treasurer. 

With the honest and enterprising pioneers of La Grange and Noble Coun- 
ties, came some ingenious and active villains, who at once commenced to avail 
themselves of all the advantages a sparsely-settled country, with its hidden 
recesses in woods and swamp, always furnishes the criminal classes for carrying 
on the general villainy of stealing, robbing and counterfeiting. These men 
soon collected around them others of like propensities, and secretly seduced 
many young men into the ways of pollution and on to crime. The Indians 
frequently complained of the theft of their ponies, and the early settlers of their 
horses, and, later on, house-breaking, house-burning, robbery, and the passage 
of counterfeit money, became annoyances of frequent occurrence, not only in 
these counties, but in all Northern Indiana and Southern Michigan. The sys- 
tematic action displayed in these lawless depredations indicated so strongly a 
conspiracy that the belief became general that there was a well-organized baml 
of villains, within or very near the borders of these counties. As early as 
1841 or 1842. the people realized that the ordinary processes of law were 
unequal to the task of suppressing the lawlessness, and a public meeting was 
held at Kendallville for the purpose of organizing a society for the mutual 
protection of honest citizens, and to raise funds to aid in the execution of the 
law. The results of this meeting may be learned in the Noble County history. 
The criminals increased in numbers and audacity. The Legislature was finally 
appealed to, and, in 1852, an act was passed authorizing the formation of com- 
panies for the detection and apprehension of horse thieves and other felons. 
The companies were to consist of not less than ten nor more than one hundred, 
who were to sign articles of association, giving name of company, the name and 
residence of each member, which organization was to be approved by the County 
Commissioners, and put on record. The companies were authorized to call to 
their aid the peace officers of the State, in accordance with law, in the pursuit 
and apprehension of felons, and reclaiming stolen property, and each member 
was given the powers and privileges of constables, when engaged in arresting 
criminals. Although this law gave such ample authority for organized effort 
for the protection of society, the depredations of thieves and counterfeiters were 
endured until September 20, 1856, when the first company was organized in Mil- 
ford Township, assuming the name of the La Grange County Rangers. No 
person was allowed to become a member whose name "was tainted with dishon- 
orable associations, and who would not take a solemn oath of secrecy. The 
meetings were strictly private, and all plans for operation held in profound 
secrecy until contemplated arrests were made. This society was in existence 
more than a year before any others were formed ; then followed the organization 
of the La Grange Protective Association, La Grange Association of Clear- 
spring, Self-Protectors of South Milford, Self-Protectors of Springfield, and 
Eden Police. On January 9, 1858, a meeting called by the regulator companies 



82 HISTORY OF LA GllANGE COUNTY. 

was held at Wright's Corners, which passed a series of resolutions which, after 
being signed by 130 citizens, was ordered to be published in the La Grange 
Staridard. These resolutions alleged that La Grange and Noble Counties 
were infested with blacklegs, burglars and petty thieves, to such a degree that 
the property of the citizens was very insecure, and charged that^the tavern then 
kept " by B. F. Wilson, at Wright's Corners, was believed to be a rendezvous for 
these infernal banditti," and that he was an accomplice of the villains. The 
resolutions pledged each signer to use the utmost exertion to bring the offenders 
to justice, "by assisting to take them wherever they may be found, and that, 
when taken, we will deal with them in such a manner as to us may seem just 
and efficient." Wilson was also warned that in case any depredations were com- 
mitted by persons he harbored, he would be dealt with as a real depredator. 
This meeting was but the mutterings of the coming storm of indignation against 
the rascally element that had so long tormented the people. The next week, 
January 16, 1858, at an Old Settlers' meeting in Kendallville, the regulator 
companies of Noble and La Grange Counties appeared in parade, marching in 
double file through the most prominent streets of the town. The depredators, 
many of whom witnessed the scene, were alarmed, but were given no time to 
get away, for the next day the arrests began. Nine of the ringleaders were 
arrested at Rome City, and taken to Ligonier, where they confessed (a very 
fashionable performance about that time), and were then either tried by the 
committee, or turned over to the constituted authorities, to be legally dealt 
with. The proceedings in that vicinity, and the hanging of Gregory McDonald, 
is related in the Noble County record elsewhere in this volume. A number of 
arrests followed in this county, the people were much agitated, the old jail was 
crowded to its utmost with prisoners, and the courts overrun with business. At 
one term of the court, seven men were sentenced to the penitentiary. Several 
men who were tried in the Common Pleas Court were released by the Supreme 
(!ourt on the ground that their crime was triable in the Circuit Court only. 
With the exception of these, the convicted paid the assigned penalty of their 
crimes, and the whole gang was most effectually broken up. Since then the 
nusdeeds in the community have been almost entirely left to the control of the 
regular judicial officers, though several regulator organizations still exist, and 
occasionally lend a helping hand in the arrest of criminals. 



C HAP T E R IV. 

BY J. H. EEEICK, M. D. 

Names of Soldiers vrao Served in Wars Prior to 1861— Public Sentiment 
WHEN Sumter Fell — The Call to Arms — Collection of Sanitary 
Stores — Volunteers and Kecruits — The Draft Terror — Soldiers' 
Aid Societies — La Grange County's Roll of Honor — Battles Partic- 
ipated In — Disloyalty — Enthusiastic Union Meetings — Anecdotes. 

" I will teach thine infant tongue 
To call upon those heroes old 
In their own language, and will mold 
Thy growing spirit in the flame 
Of Grecian lore : That by each name 
A patriot's birthright thou mayest claim." 

— Shellei/. 

FOR thirty prosperous years La Grange County developed in population and 
resources without knowing the spirit of war. Children were born and 
grew to manhood without ever seeing a soldier in military dress. Mothers and 
maidens had never felt the anguish of separation from husband or lover at the 
stern call of a nation at war. Perhaps not half a score of men in the county 
at the opening of the rebellion had any knowledge, except through tradition 
and reading, of the forced march, scanty rations, the exposed bivouac, guard 
and picket duty, toilsome work on breastworks, rifle-pits and forts, the marshal- 
ing of the armed hosts for " battle's magnificently stern array," the fury of 
the storm of shot and shell, the falling dead and mangled human forms, the 
rejoicing of victory and the despair of defeat, the heart-sickening scenes in 
hospital, the anxious waiting at home for news of the great battles which is to 
be to them a sorrowful joy or dead despair — of all the painful, terrible, magnifi- 
cent things which go to make up war. 

For a number of years after the first settlement, a few old soldiers of the 
Revolution, who lived in the county, were honored on Independence Day, put 
on the platforms and cheered for their services, but all these had long since 
passed away, and were slumbering among the dead in peace. There were, 
besides, a few survivors of that later and less heroic war of 1812, who could tell 
some stories of old-time bravery, but these were very few. The Mexican war had 
drawn a few soldiers from the county, and some of its heroes had come into 
the county after the war. But, as we said before, all counted, not more than 
ten had "smelled gunpowder." Indeed, when the first squad of volunteers 
assembled in 1861, there was but one man in the community with suSicient 
military knowledge to give commands for the simplest maneuvers. This soldier 



84 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

was William B. Bingham, who had served in the ranks of an Ohio regiment in 
the Mexican war. 

So it can be seen what a new and before unfelt thrill went through the 
hearts of the people of the county when, in April, 1861, the flag of the nation 
was insulted and outraged at Fort Sumter. A common glow of patriotism 
fired every bosom. Every man, woman and child, possessing a spark of 
heroism, was raised from a devotion to little things into a higher life of conse- 
cration to an idea — the preservation of the nation — a tumult of emotions, before 
unfelt and undreamed of. Indignation at the insult to that flag, which then 
for the first time, began to have a significance ; apprehensions of the perils to 
happy homes ; duty's call to the front ; the restraining thought of death and 
sorrow — all these swarmed in the minds of the men. The hearts of mothers 
and wives sank, at first, in anguish at the sight of the portentous cloud coming 
over the sky, but soon rose with a sublime patriotism which taught them that 
no sacrifice was too costly for the altar of our country. 

On the 15th of April, 1861, President Lincoln called for 75,000 militia, 
and on the next day Gov. Morton issued his proclamation for the organiza- 
tion of six regiments, the quota of Indiana. The first paper published in 
La Grange after this, contained a call for a public meeting at the court house, 
" to which all Union-loving citizens, irrespective of party affiliation in the past," 
were invited to take action for the " organization of a military company, and 
for aiding and assisting the families of those who may volunteer." At the 
meeting, the court house was filled to its utmost capacity. John Kromer, an 
old citizen, and a soldier of 1812, presided. Nathan P. Osborne and Samuel 
Sprague acted as Vice Presidents, and C. 0. Myers and A. B. Kennedy as 
Secretaries. The Committee on Resolutions were A. S. Case, Harley Crocker, 
Dr. F. P. Grifiith, Dr. J. H. Rerick, Thomas J. Skeer and Alexander B. 
Kennedy. The resolutions reported were unanimously adopted, and were as 
follows : 

Whereas, We deplore the circumstances which have inaugurated civil war and brought 
the people of a portion of the South in conflict with the General Government of the United States ; 
therefore, 

Resolved, That it is the duty of all patriotic citizens, irrespective of party names and dis- 
tinctions, ignoring, for the present, all past dissensions and party bitterness, to unite as one 
people, in support of the Government of the United States. 

Resolved, That we are unalterably attached to the government of the United States, and 
will yield to it an ardent and firm support against all its enemies ; pledging to each other our 
lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor. 

James M. Flagg and Hon. Robert Parrett made patriotic speeches. Mr. 
Flagg recalled the words of Jefferson, that about once in thirty years the tree 
of liberty must be watered with human blood. The time for such a sacrifice, 
he said, was at hand. Acts, not words, are now necessary. Mr. Parrett elo- 
quently and feelingly argued that it was a time when all former issues should 
be laid aside — the only questions now being, union or disunion. Mr. Andrew 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 86 

Ellison was called upon, who, speaking in a candid manner, said his sentiments 
were not wholly in accord with the previous speakers, but that he was a citizen 
of the Republic, and acknowledged his allegiance to it, and proposed to stand 
by its laws under all circumstances and contingencies. William S. Boyd thought 
there had been talking enough, and proposed that steps be at once taken for 
the organization of a company, whereupon John H. Rerick drew from his 
pocket an enlistment paper already prepared, which VA'as read, approved, 
and enlistment at once commenced. William Cummings, William Selby and 
John Kroraer were appointed a committee for soliciting contributions for the 
families of those who should enlist. 

This was the first war meeting ever held in the county. Others quickly 
followed — one at Lima on the 23d, addressed by Hon. J. B. Howe, Revs. Far- 
rand and Cory, and another at Wolcottville on the same day, presided over by 
A. J. Atwood, with L. L. Wildman, as Secretary, and Dr. Martin, 0. B. Tay- 
lor and Henry Youngs as committee on resolutions. These demanded a prompt 
and vigorous execution of the Federal laws, the retaking of the forts, arsenals 
and other public property seized by the rebels, and that the insult to the United 
States by the so-called Confederacy in attacking Fort Sumter was one that 
should be redressed, if it was necessary to use the entire military strength of 
the American people. At these meetings, volunteers were added to the list and 
contributions made for their families. On May 1, a meeting was held at South 
Milford, presided over by John Bartlett. with R. Smith as Secretary. It was 
addressed by Francis Henry and George Rowe. The committee on resolutions 
were Francis Henry, E. Stockwell, Dr. J. Dancer, L. Blackmun and George 
Bartlett. The resolutions reported and adopted differed slightly in tone from 
those adopted at the other meetings, and we present them here, in order that 
the different shades of feeling at the time may be represented : 

Resolved, That we will suslain the Constitution of the United States of America, and 
uphold the authorities thereof in sustaining the laws and protecting the flag of our country 
from our enemies, both North and South. 

Resolved, That we have no sympathy with the Secessionists of the South, nor the Aboli- 
tionists of the North, and that we hold them responsible for the present distracted condition of 
ihe country. 

Resolved, That we recommend every good citizen to consider calmly and dispassionately 
our present condition, and that we will hail with joy an early and honorable peace, and if 
peace cannot be brought about, that we prosecute the war with the utmost vigor to a final end. 

A committee was appointed to devise the best method of organizing a 
military company and reported, recommending that the Secrettiry open his 
books for immediate enrollment, which was done, and some names were entered. 
On May 4, another meeting was held at La Grange, " for the purpose of hold- 
ing a council of war," as the chronicler of that day put it. The crowd gath- 
ered in the court-yard and was addressed by J. B. Wade, A. Ellison and Roman 
Mills. On Mr. Wade's suggestion, the meeting voted that the county should 
pay the expenses of the volunteers while at home. Roman Mills said he had 



86 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTV. 

two sons already in the company and two more to spare, and would go himself 
if necessary. The company which had been drilling under Maj. Bingham 
made an exhibition of their skill ; there was martial music, firing of cannon, 
the "Marseillaise," and '-Red, White and Blue." Thus the attention of the 
people was directed to the enlistment. The paper was kept by Dr. J. H. 
Rerick at Betts & Rerick's drug store, and as fast as men made up their minds 
to enlist, and could arrange their business, they came in, signed this paper, 
and went into the ranks for drill. About the 1st of May, William Roy, a 
young man who had just finished a five years' service in the regular army, 
came to La Grange to visit his relatives, and being fresh in military tactics and 
discipline, at once became the most important personage in the community. 
As soon as the volunteers heard of his presence in town, he was sent for and 
requested to give the boys a touch of the " regular's " drill. With form erect 
and the quick, firm step of the trained soldier, he was soon at their front, and, 
at the first command of "front face," the humble regular private, William 
Roy, was transferred into a Captain of volunteers. Spectators and volunteers 
were alike elated, but hardly any more so than the drill-master, Mr. Bingham, 
who immediately tendered his cane, then the only instrument of authority, and 
turned the command over to the new-comer. 

The organization of the company was completed in a few days, and in- 
formation of the fact forwarded to the authorities at Indianapolis. When pub- 
lic indignation for rebels ran so high as it did then, and a furious and speedy 
overthrow was anticipated, it was not strange that the most terrific names 
should be suggested for company titles. In obedience to this prevalent feeling, 
our first military organization assumed the belligerent cognomen of the. " La 
Grange Tigers." A less ferocious title would have given satisfaction a few 
months after, without any discredit to true courage and patriotism. " Home 
Guards," subsequently, under the influence of the declaration of a great party 
that the war was a failure, was equally significent of public opinion. The first 
enlistment paper, referred to above, is still carefully preserved. All who 
signed, did not at that time enter the service, but nearly all did within a few 
months. The following is a copy of the obligation to which the volunteers, 
one hundred and two in number, put their signatures : 

La Gkaxoe, lud., April 1, 1861. 

The undersigned hereby agree to organize themselves into a Volunteer Military Company, 
in accordance with the statutes of the State of Indiana, and to be at the service and command 
of the Governor thereof, whenever in his opinion the exigencies of the country demand, for the 
term of three months from date of reception for duty. They also agree, when the requisite 
number (84) of signatures for a company have been obtained, to meet, elect their officers, and 
report for service. 

All this enlistment and preparation for the field had been done without 
any definite arrangement or order from the State authorities. The Governor 
had called for volunteers to fill the State quota, but there was no assurance that 
the " Tigers " would be needed to make up the requisite number. Not 




^ 



-s^» 



l=«- * 








WOLCOnVh 






HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 89 

until the 14th of May did the company receive any orders, and then only in 
an indirect way ; but the boys were eager to go into service, and the intimation 
that they were needed was accepted as sufficient. The company was en route 
in an hour or two for Sturgis, where cars were expected to convey them to 
Indianapolis. Many citizens accompanied them — seeing them off — and they 
were met by a Sturgis company and escorted to town. The oSicers chosen by 
the men, in this first military company, were : Captain, William Roy ; First 
Lieutenant, George A. Lane ; Second Lieutenant, C. M. Burlingame ; Third 
Lieutenant, F. A. Spellman ; First Sergeant, J. A. Lamson ; Second Sergeant, 
J. A. Bevington ; Third Sergeant, Thomas Burnell ; Fourth Sergeant, David 
Dudley ; First Corporal, John F. Varner ; Second Corporal, James Rheu- 
bottom ; Third Corporal, J. A. Hoagland ; Ensign, Andrew J. Fair. 

Upon reaching Indianapolis, the company found companies and regiments 
organized in sufficient number to fill Indiana's quota, and the illusive prospect 
of a ninety days' war then prevailing, no more companies would be received. 
The men were informed that they could disband and go into other companies 
if they could find room, or otherwise return home. About thirty joined other 
companies, and the rest, disheartened, came back. Twenty-one of those who 
entered the service joined Company B, Seventeenth Indiana Infantry, and all, 
with one exception, were credited to Boone County. The names of these men 
were John C. Lamson, Joseph S. Case, Harrison Boyd, Alfred Crawford, 
William Christ, Joel Crosby, William H. Crosby, Daniel Flynn, Flavins J. 
George, William P. Hall, Alfred Helper, George M. Helper, Derrick Hodges, 
Orpheus C. Kenaston, Lewis Randolph, Milton E. Scott, William Wiggles- 
worth, Henry Wirt, Robert White, William Baxter. Nine others, James Dever, 
W. Randolph, Franklin Haskins, Jack Springsteed, James Hanson, Charles 
North, Edwin Barnett, James Cassidy, Michael Campbell, joined other regi- 
ments. These thirty men have the honor of being the first volunteers to get 
in the service from this county. Four of those who returned, George A. Lane, 
C. M. Burlingame, F. A. Spellman and J. W. Vesey, went at once to Michi- 
gan and enlisted in the Fourth Regiment ; F. A. Spellman was killed in 
battle. 

Capt. Roy remained at Indianapolis a few weeks, assisting in the drilling of 
the troops assembled, and then returned to this county and commenced the organ- 
ization of a company for the three years' service. A large number of those who 
first enlisted rallied around him at once, and the balance necessary for the 
company were obtained at Ligonier and Goshen. This new company reached 
Indianapolis July 2, 1861, and was mustered in as Company A of the 
Twenty-first Indiana Regiment July 20. Those who went into this company 
from this county were Capt. William Roy ; Sergts. John A. Bevington, Har- 
vey B. Hall, Lewis Apple; Corpls. James R. Rheubottom, Joseph W. Talmage, 
Alfred Sargeant, George A. Lane ; and Privates Alfred E. Charter. Thomas 
Cole, Benjamin F. Culbertson, Enoch R. Culbertson, Bennice Dryer, Perry 



90 HISTORY OF LAGRANGE COUNTY. 

0. Everts, Harvey J. Gillette, John Hone, William Harrison, Charles Haskins, 
Simon Humbert, James Ingram, Jonathan Irish, Thaddeus P. Jackson, Albert 
N. Johnson, Isaac Knight, Oscar Law, David E. Markham, Luther F. Mason, 
Leonard N. McLain, Adam W. Meek, James Nash, Harvey Olmstead, William 
H. Paulius, Enoch Perkins, DeWitt M. Pierce, Andrew J. Ritter, George J. 
Robbins, Daniel Smith, Peter Smith, Halsey F. Skadden, Edwin R. Temple, 
George W. Vanormin, William B. Warren, Ira J. Woodworth. 

This latter company had hardly gone away before another company was 
begun. A notice was issued to join in the organization of this by William B. 
Bingham, July 2. While the company was being recruited, William Dawson, 
of Indianapolis, who had just returned from the three months' service, came to 
La Grange, and was invited to take charge of the drilling of the men. At the 
election of officers he was chosen Captain. This company was quartered 
toward the last mostly at Lima, whose citizens contributed blankets, clothing, 
etc., for the comfort of the boys, and also §130, to provide the men with red 
flannel shirts, with which to march into camp. Donations were also made by 
citizens of La Grange and elsewhere. The company set out for the Fort 
Wayne camp on the 13th of September, but before leaving, it was presented 
with a flag by the patriotic women of Lima. Before presenting the flag. Miss 
Rebecca Williams made the following address : 

Capt. Dawson — In behalf of Lima's patriotic daughters, I present to you, and through 
you, to our brave volunteers, this glorious banner of liberty, this flag of the free, proud emblem 
of our National existence and of our National power. To your care it is henceforth entrusted. 
It will be yours fearlessly to maintain its honor, and with it the honor of our cause and country; 
to preserve it from insult at the hands of foes and traitors, even, if need be, at the cost of dear 
life. Fighting beneatli its shadow, your courage is to be tested, your valor displayed, your 
laurels won. And you shall fight, not for yourselves alone, but for the privilege of transmitting 
to the future generations a Government the noblest, a Constitution the wisest, a Liberty the 
sweetest, that ever blest a fair land since creation's dawn. 

I scarcely need refer you to the story of our past ; you Icnow full well the story of 
American independence ; how, long years ago, through fierce and bloody conflicts, our fathers 
marched to glorious victory, the Stars and Stripes floating triumphantly over them ; how, 
wrapped in the shining folds of this same beautiful banner, many a Revolutionary hero lies 
quietly 'neath the daisied sods of a thousand pleasant valleys. The peace so highly prized, so 
dearly purcliased by our ancestors, bestowed by them upon their children, a precious legacy, to 
be handed down in turn to those who should come after, they fondly trusted might never again 
be imperiled. Save a few dark clouds across the bright sun, naught for many years has 
occurred to dim the clear sky of our National prosperity. We have boasted loudly of the 
strength of our Union, cemented by bonds of love, of peace, and happiness at home ; of power 
and influence abroad. Alas! that our hands folded so lightly in calm assurance of fair winds 
and smooth seas, did not, by God's help, sooner seize the helm of our noble ship of state, and 
with firm grasp guide her 'mid threatening storms and tempests to a quiet harbor. Alas 1 that 
our ears attuned only to music, which plays softest around the hearthstone, from the lips of little 
children, or in kindly tones of friendship greeting, should be assailed by the distant mutteriugs 
of the cannon's thunder, whispers of the dread strife already commenced in our land. You will 
go forth, erelong, with thousands, to taste the stern realites of life upon the battle-field. Be 
assured our warmest sympathies and most fervent prayers will always follow you. Live nobly 
up to every duty, face bravely every danger, look well that the spirit of true patriotism prompts 
every action, and never, for one moment, let a tlio\igtit of petty revenge or cruel hatred dwell in 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 91 

year brave hearts. .\nd, in that good time coming, when right and humanity shall triumph, 
when peace shall once more be restored and secured to us, God grant you may return, an un- 
bioken number, to rejoice with us ever more in the blessings of an eternal liberty. 

After an eloquent reply on behalf of the company, by the Rev. B. Far- 
rand, Mr. F. G. King made an unexpected presentation from the ladies of La 
Grange, of a Testament to each soldier, and accompanied the gift with these 
remarks : 

Brave Volunteers — As a slight token of your noble spirit, we could not present you a 
gift more precious in its teachings, or more costly as containing hidden treasures than the Word 
of God. In it is contained precepis and examples, that will prepare you, not only for good and 
faithful soldiers of our country, but also of the cross, and as you go forth to fight your country's 
battles, will teach you to fight the good fight of faith. Read it, love it, and obey its holy teach- 
ing, and in your own experience may you have it to say : 

" This little book I'd rather have 
Than all the golden gems 
That in a monarch's coflfer shine, 
Than all their diadems." 

The original officers selected by the men were : Captain, William Dawson ; 
First Lieutenant, Ebenezer R. Barlow ; Second Lieutenant, Thomas Burnell ; 
Orderly, George Salpaugh. The company was assigned to the Thirtieth Reg- 
iment, as Company G. The formation of this company had not been com- 
pleted before another had been begun again, under the leadership of William 
B. Bingham. On October 17, 1861, this company was ready to start for camp 
at Fort Wayne, where a large concourse of citizens met at the court house ta 
see them start, and bid them Godspeed. The Standard of that week says r 
" Capt. Bingham formed his company on Main street and marched them to the 
Methodist Church, where, in behalf of the company, he tlianked the ladies whO' 
had SO kindly furnished them with many of the necessaries of camp life ; and 
the company joined in three hearty cheers for the fair donors. In return the 
ladies gave three cheers for the soldiers. We have seldom witnessed a more 
enthusiastic or spirited occasion. The company was then marched to the south 
part of town, where wagons were in waiting to convey them on their journey. 
There was no lack of teams and many more were offered than was necessary. 
Quite a number of our citizens accompanied them as far as Wright's Corners, where 
they took dinner, and reported, having been furnished by the citizens of that vil- 
lage and vicinity with a most bountiful repast, free to all. Five or six volun- 
teers were enlisted at that place, and Capt. Bingham went into camp with a 
full company." 

The ladies of La Grange presented each of the soldiers, before starting, 
with a neat and serviceable blue woolen Zouave jacket, trimmed with velvet. 
On the road to Fort Wayne the company held an election, with the following 
result: Captain, William B. Bingham; First Lieutenant, Joseph W. Danseur; 
Second Lieutenant, Jacob Newman ; Orderly Sergeant, Hiram F. King. Capt. 
Bingham returned home the next week for a few days, when a meeting was 
called at the court house (October 25) for the purpose of presenting him with 



92 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

a sword that had been purchased by the citizens, in demonstration of their 
high regard, and as an appropriate token of their confidence in him as a soldier. 

A. B. Kennedy, Esq., made the presentation speech, which was responded to 
by the Captain, thanking the donors for the elegant and significant present, 
and pledged his honor that the weapon should never be dishonored whilst in 
his possession. Patriotic songs were sung and short speeches made by 
Revs. D. P. Hartman and Cathcart. This company became Company 
H. of the Forty-fourth Indiana Infantry. No more companies were organ- 
ized in the county in the year 1861, but numbers of men volunteered 
from time to time to fill up the ranks of these companies, and other com- 
mands. Dr. J. H. Rerick enlisted in Capt Dawson's company, but before 
its muster-in he was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the Forty-fourth Indi- 
ana, and commissioned September 12, 1861, and assisted in the organization 
of that regiment. There was up to this time about three hundred enlist- 
ments from the county. Such a number called forth suddenly to war, by a 
Government illy prepared to furnish a vast army, and from communities horror 
stricken at the idea of bloody strife, could but cause intense anxiety in the homes 
the volunteers had left. Soldiers' aid societies, especially by the women, sprung 
up, for supplying the soldiers with bedding, clothing and daintier food. On 
the 1st of November, 1861, a Ladies' Soldier's Aid Society was regularly organ- 
ized at La Grange, adopting a Constitution and By-Laws, and the ladies in all 
the townships were requested to form auxiliary societies. The oflicers elected 
at this meeting were : Mrs. John Kromer, President ; Mrs. W. Cathcart, Vice 
President ; Mrs. Laura Butler, Secretary ; Mrs. C. 0. Myers, Treasurer ; a 
committee consisting of Mrs. John W. Welch, Mrs. Isaac Carpenter, Mrs. 
Fred Everhart, Miss M. A. H. Menelaus, Miss H. Ford, Miss S. Lougher, and 
Directresses — Mrs. F. C. King, Mrs. D. P. Hartman, Mrs. A. Ellison. 

A number of Union meetings were held during the summer and fiill. 
One was held at the court house on the evening of the 21st of August, which 
was addressed by Hon. William Mitchell, then Member of Congress from the 
district, and who had witnessed the first Bull Run battle. Rev. C. Cory, of 
Lima, presided at this meeting and J. H. Rerick acted as Secretary, and Joseph 

B. Wade, A. B. Kennedy and Joseph Cummings as Committee on Resolutions. 
The resolutions requested the County Commissioners to provide for quartering 
the troops and to make appropriations for the maintenance of the families of 
volunteers, that a committee of five be appointed to canvass the county for 
promoting enlistments, and that Lieut. William Dawson, of Col- Wallace's 
famous regiment, be requested to remain and aid in raising and drilling a com- 
pany. The committee appointed to canvass the county were J. B. Wade, Jacob 
Newman, William Barlow, Hiram Smith and Rev. J. P. Force. The next 
evening, a similar meeting was held in Lima, at which Rev. C. Cory again 
presided and J. S. Castle acted as Secretary. The Committee on Resolutions — 
O. H. Jewett, J. M. Flagg and J. P. Force — reported strong war resolutions 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 93 

and requesteil the County Commissioners to provide for soldiers' families. A 
committee, consisting of VV. Rawles, J. H. Morrison, N. Stacy, 0. H. Jewett 
and S. Herbert, was appointed to canvass the northern part of the county. 

We wish it were possible to give due credit to all who took an active in- 
terest in patriotic work at home during the war. The names we have mentioned 
are those most frequently occurring in the newspapers at that time. It is also 
impossible to now compute the contributions by the women for the comfort of 
the soldiers — of blankets, clothing, fruits and hospital stores ; almost as impos- 
sible as it would be to estimate the value to our country of the effect of these 
tokens of kind regard upon the weary and disheartened soldier at the front. As 
a sample of the donations made there were reported by the Ladies' Soldiers' 
Aid Society November 28, 1861, besides membership fees and articles manu- 
factured by the society, two comforts, forty-four pairs of socks, four quilts, four 
blankets, three sheets, one pair drawers, two pair mittens and forty-two cuts 
of yarn, and $10 cash. There were other aid societies organized by the women 
of Lima and Wolcottville. A mass meeting was held at La Grange on Wash- 
ington's birthday, 1862, in which a long series of resolutions were passed, ex- 
pressing appreciation of the wisdom and energy of the President, and resolving 
to ever cherish the memory of the slain on the battle-field and of those perish- 
ing in the camp or on the mighty ocean, and expressing sympathy for loyal and 
oppressed citizens within the limits of the Confederate conspiracy. 

In July, 1862, under another call for troops, enlistment was commenced 
in the county for a company for the Seventy-fourth regiment, ordered to be 
raised in this Congressional district. Dr. Gustav Sites, who had had twelve 
years' service in the Prussian Army, and Albert D. Fobes, who had been through 
the West Virginia campaign, in the Eleventh Indiana, were commissioned Sec- 
ond Lieutenants for the organization of the company. Jo Rawson Webster, a 
then recent graduate from Wabash College, was the first man to put his name 
down for the wars in this company, and took a very active part in organizing the 
company. A war meeting was held at La Grange July 19, presided over by 
John Kromer, with C. 0. Myers, Secretary, and J. B. Wade, A. S. Case and 
F. P. Griffith, Committee. The meeting was addressed by William Rheubot- 
tom and J. R. Webster. The resolutions recognized the perils of the country 
as alarming and pledged every means within reach to aid the Government, and 
that it was the duty of those who could not peril their lives in the cause to con- 
tribute every dollar, to yield every sympathy, and to open their hearts fully 
to every emotion which may commend them to the cause of their suffering 
country, its defenders and their families. The Commissioners were requested 
to make appropriations for the payment of bounties and for the necessary ex- 
penses of the families of soldiers. There was, at that time, some recruiting 
being done for the Twelfth Cavalry. The meeting recommended that all efforts 
be concentrated on raising a company for the infantry regiment and that Lieut. 
Sites proceed at once to raise the company. The following were appointed a 



94 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

committee to assist him : J. K. Morrow, J. B. Wade, AVilliam Rheubottom, H. 
Crocker and A. S. Case. The County Commissioners, a few days after, made 
an appropriation of $25 to each volunteer, and $1.50 per week for the wife and 
75 cents for each child of the married men who might enlist until their muster-in. 
An enthusiastic war meeting was held at South Milford August 14, at which 
L. D. McGown presided and J. S. Rowe was Secretary. The meeting was ad- 
dressed by William Rheubottom, J. Z. Gower and Francis Henry. The latter 
urged the enlistment of men and favored the drafting of a million of men, if 
necessary, to put down the rebellion and restore peace on a constitutional basis. 
This meeting recommended that the county give the same bounty to cavalry 
volunteers as to infantry. In consequence of this agitation, the La Grange 
iStandard oi August 18, 1862, was enabled to announce: "One hundred and 
twenty-two cheers and a tiger for Old La Grange. La Grange has her company 
now full and it will start to-day for the rendezvous at Fort Wayne. Last 
Thursday she sent seventeen men to join the cavalry company at the same 
place, making in all one hundred and twenty-two men 1 From Friday morning 
to Wednesday evening — five working days — eighty men were enrolled and 
sworn in. The entire number, with two exceptions, were recruited in eleven 
days. We call that doing well." And indeed it was. The officers chosen by 
the men for their company were — Captain, Jo Rawson Webster; First Lieuten- 
ant, W. D. Wildman ; Orderly Sergeant, James H. Bigelow. The departure 
of this company was described as a very aSecting scene. At an early hour the 
volunteers and their friends poured into town by hundreds, and at 9 o'clock the 
streets were thronged with men, women and children, all with eager, anxious 
faces, and many indeed were the tears shed. "The heaving breast, the quiver- 
ing lip and starting tear of brave men and stout hearts as the last fond embrace 
was given to the wife and children of the men who had voluntarily consented 
to sever for a season all the endearing ties and comforts of home for the hard- 
ships of the tented field showed that, severe as the sacrifice might be, yet they 
dared to do their duty when their country was in danger and required their 
assistance." A large number of citizens went with the soldiers as far as Wol- 
cottville, where a grand picnic dinner had been prepared. It should not be 
forgotten that during the war there was no railroad through the county and all 
the companies which had their rendezvous at Fort Wayne had to march there 
on foot or be transported by wagon. The above company, when reaching Fort 
Wayne, was made Company G of the Eighty-eighth Regiment. 

The same paper in which the exultant announcement of raising of the 
above company was made contained the proclamation of the President calling 
for 300,000 more troops, and the rather startling announcement that in this 
State a draft would be required to raise the men, and a commendation of that 
as the only just and equitable method of raising the required quota. " The 
county has done nobly in raising volunteers, but a continuance of that course 
cannot be carried on without doing great injustice to a certain class upon whose 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 95 

shoulders a part of the burden must be forced, if they will not carry it will- 
ingly. No more volunteering in La Grange ! Let there be a draft as soon as 
possible !" Such comments as this only stirred up the volunteering spirit the 
more, and Harley Crocker at once stepped forward and called for volunteers 
for another company, and active work for this at once set in. 

The machinery for drafting was at once put in motion. Timothy Fields, 
of Ontario, was appointed Draft Commissioner ; E. P. Spellman, Provost Mar- 
shal, and Dr. E. G. White, Medical E.xaminer, for the county. About the 
eamo time, recruiting oflScers for the Thirtieth and Forty-fourth Regiments 
were in the county selecting recruits for those regiments. With all these, the 
people were fairly aroused. A Union County Convention was held September 
3, presided over by William S. Prentiss, in which it was resolved to " uphold 
the Government in the use of every means which God and the Constitution 
have placed within our reach to exterminate rebels and the rebellion, and in 
favor of tiie confiscation of all property of all rebels, North as well as South." 
There was about this time a spicy correspondence between four then promi- 
nent lawyers in the county about enlisting, though it is hardly proper to 
detail here. The State Commissioner, on September 22, 1862, notified the 
County Commissioners that the following numbers would have to be drafted 
from the townships named, unless made up at once by volunteers : Clear- 
spring, 8 ; Milford, 7 ; Eden, 9 ; Van Buren, 22 ; total, 46. Thirty-one were 
subsequently drafted, twelve of whom procured substitutes. The most of 
these men went into the Thirtieth Regiment. 

Capt. Crocker's company was soon filled, and on the 27th of September, 
the day of their departure, were treated by the women of La Grange to a 
bountiful dinner, on the grounds of A. S. Case, now a portion of the public 
square. No company left for camp without some token of respect by the 
patriotic women of the county. For this last company also, the young ladies 
of La Grange arranged a "hop," which was well attended, and when the boys 
reached South Milford, the women of that neighborhood had spread a picnic 
dinner for them. The officers chosen by the men in this company were : Cap- 
tain, Harley Crocker; First Lieutenant, John K. Morrow; Second Lieutenant, 
James W. Boyd. The company was assigned to the One Hundredth Infantry, 
as Company C. Of this regiment, Robert Parrett, a prominent lawyer of the 
county, was appointed Major. Dr. D. W. Rupert, of Lexington, was ap- 
pointed Assistant Surgeon of the Thirtieth, on January 1. He was an excel- 
lent physician and as a man highly esteemed by his regiment and a large circle 
of acquaintances in the county. He died at Nashville, Tenn., October 2, 
1862. Dr. James Miller, of La Grange, was appointed to succeed him Octo- 
ber 10. 

The year 1863 was the most discouraging for the Union cause of all the 
years of the war. Its influence was felt in La Grange County, but not to so great 
an extent us in other parts of the country. The dift'erences between the parties 



96 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

widened, and bitterness of feeling was somewhat increased. A Union mass meet- 
ing was held at the court house February 21, Col. Jonathan Edgecomb, of 
Lima, President, with A. B. Kennedy and C. 0. Myers, Secretaries. The meet- 
ing was addressed by Col. Charles Case, in strong and eloquent words. The 
Committee on Resolutions, A. S. Case, Rufus Patch, Dr. A. M. Spaulding, 
George Lotterer, J. M. Flagg and L. L. Wildman, reported a series of long 
resolutions, condemning secession, every scheme and intrigue to impair the 
confidence of the people in the administration, declaring in favor of confisca- 
tion of the property of those in armed rebellion, and of those who gave aid 
and comfort to it; approving the emancipation proclamation as a military neces- 
sity, and the arming of liberated slaves ; expressing admiration of the soldiers 
in the field, and heartily indorsing Gov. 0. P. Morton. The seventh I'esolution 
was as follows : 

Resolved, That for the purpose auJ to the end of restoring our country to its former position 
of prosperity and greatness, we are ready to postpone every consideration which provides for 
political party triumphs, until the Union is restored^the rebellion is crushed by the power of 
the Government it has defied ; and to this end we do hereby pledge ourselves, individually and 
collectively, by our love of country, by our love of liberty, for the sake of ourselves and poster- 
ity, in the name of our venerated ancestors, in the name of the human family, deeply interesteil 
in the trust commuted to our bands, by all the past glory we have won. by all that awaits us as 
a n.ation, if we are true to ourselves, true to the principles of justice and humanity, and true 
and faithful in gratitude to Him who has hitherto so signally blessed us, to stand firmly by the 
Constitution and the Union, never wavering, never faltering ; that we will cherish with a deep 
and abiding love and affection the sentiments of Massachusetts' immortal statesman, that senti- 
ment dear to every true American heart, " Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and insep- 
arable. " 

On the 28th of February, a Democratic mass meeting was held at La 
Grange, at which Francis Henry presided, and G. W. Weyburn and A. Cone 
acted as Secretaries, and A. Ellison, Hawley Peck, John A. Bartlett, William 
Roderick, James Kennedy, Harvey Olmstead and John Kromer acted as Com- 
mittee on Resolutions. This meeting was addressed by Hon. J. R. Edgerton, 
then Member of Congress for the district. The resolutions reported and adopt- 
ed denounced the heresy of secession, favored the inauguration of such action 
honorable alike to contending sections as will stop the ravages of war, avert uni- 
versal bankruptcy, and unite all the States upon terms of equality, " as mem- 
bers of one confederacy," condemned the action of the Federal Government in 
suspending the habeas corpus, arresting of citizens not subject to military duty 
without warrant or authority, abridging the freedom of speech and of the press, 
establishing of a system of espionage by a secret police, declaring martial law 
over States not in rebellion, attempting to enforce a compensated emancipation, 
dismembering Virginia ; and expressed sympathy for the soldiers who enlisted 
to sustain the Constitution and the Union, and condemned all frauds that de- 
prived them of '• proper food, raiment and clotliing." 

Another Union Mass meeting was held at La tjrange April 22, in which 
were passed resolutions strongly condemnatory of the " traitorous conduct" of 




■^-.r^ 





JOHNSON TR 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 99 

a portion of the Indiana Legislature, and ail factions opposed to the Federal 
and State authorities. Col. Hawkins, of Tennessee, spoke at this meeting, and 
Dr. A. M. Spaulding presided. 

There was but little volunteering this summer. The agitation was no less, 
but rather greater and more serious, but not of the kind that greatly promoted 
enlistments. Frequent Union meetings were held in different parts of the 
county. Toward fall, active recruiting commenced again. John Q. Reed en- 
listed a number of men for the Seventh Cavalry, and David Bennett commenced 
raising a company for the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana Infantry, 
which be had mustered in December 16. Hon. J. P. Jones, an old resident of the 
county, who had been elected Clerk of the Supreme Court in 1860, returned 
and assisted in addressing the meetings and promoting enlistments. 

The year 1864 opened more cheerfully ; many veteran soldiers who had 
re-enlisted returned home on a month's furlough, and materially aided in in- 
creasing the enthusiasm for the Union cause. A mass meeting was held at 
La Grange February 13. expressing unabated determination to continue the 
fitrht. The number of men remaining in the several townships enrolled for 
military service, and the number due from each, in February, was reported as 

lOilOWS ; ESEOLIED. QUOTA. 

Greenfield 155 12 

Lima 191 11 

Van Buren 149 4 

Newbury 161 14 

aay 134 9 

Bloomfield 244 10 

Springfield 133 4 

Milford 156 13 

Johnson 156 extra, 1 

Qearspring 163 13 

Eden 121 13 

Lieut. Daniel Lieb recruited a number of men for the Twelfth Indiana 
Cavalry early in this year. 

To encourage enlistments, considerable amounts were raised in the several 
townships, voluntarily, as township bounty. In August, the draft officers 
reported 202 men due. A draft soon followed, but how many men were ob- 
tained we have not been able to ascertain. The enlistments this year from 
the county was almost wholly recruiting for old companies. No new organiza- 
tions were made. Dr. Edward B. Speed, of La Grange, an estimable man 
and good physician, was appointed Assistant Surgeon for the Forty-fourth 
Indiana Volunteers, in July, and immediately joined that command at Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn. While on the wav. he underwent a severe shock from a railroad 
accident, and was taken sick soon after his arrival. He died in the oflBcers' 
hospital, at Lookout Mountain, September 14. 

Under the December call, 1864, by the President, for •' 300,000 more," La 
Grange County was asked to contribute 191. TheCounty Commissioners, in Jan- 

L.cr'C. 



100 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

uarv, 18G5, ordered a county bounty of $400 to be paid every volunteer who 
should thereafter be accredited to the county, to be paid in two installments, $200 
in fourteen months, and $200 in twenty-eight months, for the payment of which 
county bonds were issued. This action was subsequently endorsed by a 
mass meeting at La Grange, February 3, 1865. In addition to this county 
bounty, the townships raised a large amount to induce volunteers, and save 
them from the draft. John H. Caton was commissioned Second Lieutenant 
and recruiting officer to raise a company in the county. This company was 
speedily raised and all mustered in daring the month of February. It was 
officered by the election of John H. Caton, Captain ; William Hobson, First 
Lieutenant ; and A. Bennett, Second Lieutenant. The company became Com- 
pany F, One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment. These were the last enlist- 
ments in the county for the rebellion. 

In April came the joyful news of the surrender of Gen. Lee at Appomat- 
tox, which was received with a wonderful joy, and such an abandon of rejoic- 
ing and bonfiring and general reckless noisiness followed for a day or two. as 
has never since been seen or felt in the country. Hardly had the people real- 
ized what they were rejoicing for, when the news came in the evening of the 
14th of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Then no mark of sorrow seemed 
too mournful, and a sincere grief was the last link which was formed in that 
" heroic age " to bind together those who had worked or watched and prayed 
for America. 

Since the rebellion. La Grange bus sent one brave oiEcer into the National 
army — Lieut. Samuel A. Cherry. Mr. Cherry entered the West Point Acad- 
emy during Grant's first Administration, and, after graduation, entered the serv- 
ice, where he had a brief, but brilliant career, ended by a tragic death on 
the plains. Me was a gentleman of many accomplishments, beloved at home, 
and popular in society circles throughout the country. At the time of his 
death, he was betrothed to a daughter of Hon. Harry White, of Indiana, 
Penn. The following order, issued by Col. Merritt, contains a brief sketch of 
Lieut. Cherry's services : 

Headquarters Fifth U. S. Cavalry, i 
Ft. Laramie, W. T., May IT, 1881. f 

It is the sad duty of the Commanding Officer of the Fifth Cavalry to announce the sudden 
death of a brilliant young officer of the regiment. Lieut. S. X. Cherry was killed while on duty 
pursuing a party of outlaws, some twenty-five miles north of Fort Niobrara, by a m.an of his own 
detachment, who, it is supposed, was temporarily insane. This is the only reasonable solution 
of the crime, with the information now possessed. 

Lieut. Cherry was born in Indiana; graduated at the Military Academy in 1875, and was 
promoted to be Second Lieutenant in the Twenty-third Infantry, from which regiment he was 
transferred to the Fifth Cav.ilry in 1876. He reported to his Regimental Commander in the 
Black Hills, October. 1876, in the latter part of the Sioux campaign of that year, and since that 
time he has served with the regiment with unfrequent interruptions, until the time of his death. 
He was particularly distinguished for cool courage, and distinguished ability in the face of an 
enemy at the battle and subsequent siege of Maj. Thornburg's command, at Milk River Colo., 
in IS^y, for which he received honorable mention in orders, and a vote of thanks of the Terri- 
torial Legislature of Wyoming. The cireer of Lieut. Cherry, though brief, has been most honor- 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 101 

able, and marked by a cheerful, vigorout aail soldierly dijoharge of duty. His character was 
most free from defects. He made warm friends of all who knew him well, and it is certain he 
never gave cause for the enmity of any one. He was positive, though happy in disposition as a 
man, loyal and devoted as a friend, brave, capable and chivalrous as an officer — one, in short, 
whose sad death will long be felt in the regiment as an irreparable loss in every way. As a 
mark ul respect, the guidon of the company with which he served will be draped for thirty 
days, and the officers of the regiment will wear the usual badge of mourning for the same 
period. 

By order of Col. Wesley Merritt. 

The following are the campaigns in which companies and parts of com- 
panies from the county participated : 

Company B, Seventeenth Regiment — Western Virginia, 1861 ; Kentucky 
.•md Tennessee, 1862; siege of Corinth, 1862 ; pursuit of Bragg, 1862; Rose- 
crans' campaign in Tennessee, 1863; Chattanooga, and East Tennessee, 1863 ; 
against Atlanta, 1864 ; Nelson's raid, Alabama and Georgia, 1865. 

Company A, Twenty-first Regiment, First Heavy Artillery — East Mary- 
land and East Virginia, 1861 ; against New Orleans, 1862 ; Baton Rouge and 
Teche, 1862 ; against Port Hudson, 1863 ; West Louisiana, 1863 ; Red River, 
1864; against Mobile, 1865; Louisiana and Gulf Coast, 1865. 

Company G, Thirtieth Regiment Infantry — Kentucky, 1861; Tennessee 
and Kentucky, 1862; siege of Corinth, 1862; pursuit of Bragg, 1862; Rose- 
crans' campaign in Tennessee, 1863; against Atlanta, 1864; pursuit of Hood, 
lt^64; East Tennessee, 1865; Texas, 1865. 

Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana Infantry — Western Kentucky, 1861 ; 
Tennessee and Kentucky, 1862; siege of Corinth, 1862; pursuit of Bragg, 
1862; Rosecrans' campaign in Tennessee, 1863; against Chattanooga, 1863 ; 
East Tennessee, 1864-65. 

Company G, Eighty-eighth Indiana Infantry — Against Kirby Smith, 
Kentucky, 1862; Kentucky and Tennessee, 1862; pursuit of Bragg, 1862; 
Rosecrans' campaign in Tennessee, 1863 ; against Atlanta, 1864 ; pursuit of 
Hood, 1864 ; Sherman's march to the sea, 1864 ; through the Cai'olinas, 1865. 

Company C, One Hundredth Indiana Infantry — West Tennessee and 
North Mississippi, 1862-63; against Vicksburg, 1863; relief of Chattanooga, 

1863 ; East Tennessee, 1863 ; against Atlanta, 1864 ; pursuit of Hood, 1864 ; 
Sherman's march to the sea, 1864 ; through the Carolinas, 1865. 

Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Infantry — East Tennessee. 

1864 ; against Atlanta, 1864 ; pursuit of Hood, 1864 ; North Carolina, 1865. 
Company G, One Hundred and Fifty-second Infantry — Shenandoah 

Valley, 1865 ; West Virginia, 1865. 

One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment (Twelfth Cavalry) — Ten- 
nessee and North Alabama, 1864-65; against Mobile, 1865; Alabama and 
Mississippi, 1865. 

There were soldiers from the county in the Eastern campaigns of the 
Army of the Potomac, but the records are unobtainable, they being mostly in 
regiments from other States. 



102 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

If our space would permit, we would be pleased to record the name of 
every soldier who enlisted from this county, in the service of his country dur- 
ing the rebellion. This not being practicable, it may not be improper to give 
the names of those who attained to official position, and their rank. AVith few 
exceptions, all these entered the service as privates. It will be seen that the 
county is entirely destitute of Colonels and Brigadier Generals, a somewhat ex- 
ceptionable condition. But the county having filled the ranks with good fight- 
ing men to an honorable extent, the lack of Brigadiers is not sorely felt. 

Lieutenant Colonels — Joseph R. Webster, Forty-fourth United States Col- 
ored Troops ; William Roy, Twenty-first Indiana. 

Majors — Joseph R. Webster, Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteers ; Robert 
Parrett, One Hundredth Regiment; Ichabod S. Jones, First Tennessee Artil- 
lery, Colored ; W. B. Bingham, Forty-fourth Indiana ; William Roy, Twenty- 
first Indiana. 

Surgeons (rank of Major) — John H. Rerick, Forty-fourth Indiana Volun- 
teers. 

Captains — John C. Lamson, Company B, Seventeenth Indiana ; William 
Roy, Company A, Twenty-first Regiment ; AVilliam Dawson, Company G, 
Thirtieth Indiana; James McPreston, Company G, Thirtieth Indiana ; Will- 
iam B. Bingham, Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana ; Jacob Newman, Compa- 
ny H, Forty-fourth Indiana ; Joseph H. Danseur, Company H, Forty-fourth 
Indiana ; Hiram F. King, Company II, Forty-fourth Indiana ; Samuel P. 
Bradford, Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana ; Joseph R. Webster, Company 
G, Eighty-eighth Indiana ; John M. Preston, Company G, Eighty-eighth Indi- 
ana ; William D. Wildraan, Company I, Eighty-eighth Indiana ; Harley 
Crocker, Company C, One Hundredth Indiana ; Edward Fobes, Company C, 
One Hundredth Indiana ; John B. Pratt, Company C, One Hundredth Indi- 
ana; David Bennett, Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana; 
John H. Caton, Company F, One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana. 

First Lieutenants — Harvey B. Hall, Company A, Twenty-first ; Ebenezer 
R. Barlow, Company B, Thirtieth ; George L. Salpaugh, Company G, Thirti- 
eth ; James McPreston, Company G, Thirtieth ; William H. Hall, Company 
G, Thirtieth ; Joseph H. Danseur, Company H, Forty-fourth ; Hiram F. 
King, Company H, Forty-fourth ; Daniel P. Strecker, Company H, Forty- 
fourth ; Hiram Pontius, Company H, Forty-fourth ; William D. Wildman, 
Company G, Eighty-eighth ; Jacob Sperow, Company G, Eighty-eighth ; 
James W. Boyd, Company C, One Hundredth; Edward Fobes, Company C, 
One Hundredth ; John B. Pratt, Company C, One Hundredth ; Samuel W. 
Dille, Company C, One Hundredth ; George I. Tuttle, Company C, Twelfth 
Cavalry, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Regiment ; Garner Sisemore, same ; 
Horace Hamlin, Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment ; 
William H. Atchinson, Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth ; Henry 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 103 

M. Kromer, Company G, One Hundred and Forty-second ; William Hobson, 
Company F, One Hundred and Fifty-second. 

Assistant Surgeons (rank, First Lieutenants of Cavalry) — John H. 
Rerick, Forty- fourth; James Miller, Thirtieth Indiana Volunteers; Edward 
B. Speed, Forty-fourth ; Newton G. Bno, Eighty-eighth ; Delos W. Rupert, 
Thirtieth Indiana. 

Acting Assistant Surgeons, United States Army — Edward G. White, 
Charles J. Montgomery. 

Quartermaster (rank. First Lieutenant) — Samuel P. Bradford, Forty- 
fourth Indiana ; John M. Littlefield, Twelfth Cavalry, One Hundred and 
Twenty-seventh Regiment ; James McPreston, One Hundred and Fifty-second 
Regiment. 

Second Lieutenants — William S. Smurr, Company H, Twenty-first Regi- 
ment ; Harvey B. Hall, Company A, Twenty-first ; Thomas Burnell, Company 
G, Thirtieth ; James McPreston, Company G, Thirtieth ; William H. H. Day, 
Company G, Thirtieth ; William H. Wall, Company G, Thirtieth ; Jacob New- 
man, Company H, Forty-fourth ; Daniel P. Strecker, Company H, Forty 
fourth: Sebastian Shoup, Company H, Forty-fourth ; Albert D. Fobes, Com- 
pany G, Eighty- eighth; John M. Preston, Company G, Eighty-eighth; James 
W. Boyd, Company C, One Hundredth ; Ichabod S. Jones, Company E, One 
Hundredth ; John Q. Reed, Company D, One Hundred and Nineteenth ; Lo- 
renzo Taylor, Company C, Twelfth Cavalry, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh 
Regiment ; James F. Parsons, same ; Charles 0. Higbee, same ; William H. 
Atchinson, Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth ; Charles Collins, 
Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth ; Plimpton Hoagland, Company 
C: One Hundred and Twenty-ninth ; James H. Beecher, Company H, One 
Hundred and Twenty-ninth ; Simon Bowman, Company I, One Hundred and 
Twenty-ninth ; Clark A. Bennett, Company F, One Hundred and Fifty- 
second ; Samuel Shepardson, Company G, Thirtieth ; Martin Whitmer, Com- 
pany G, Thirtieth. 

THE ROLL OF HONOR. 

On giving this list, we beg our readers to remember that it is compiled 
from the Adjutant General's Report of the State, and includes only those 
reported on the muster rolls as having been killed or having died while IN the 
service. There are many who died soon after discharge, and have since died of 
disease contracted in the service, who would worthily be entitled to place in the 
list, but there is no official record of these, and it is impossible to obtain all 
their names : 

James Alward, Thirtieth Indiana, died ; Jacob Airgood, Seventy-fourth 
Indiana, died ; Reuben Allspaugh, One Hundredth Indiana, died. 

John L. Baugher, Thirtieth Indiana, died ; John A. Bevington, Twenty- 
first Indiana, killed ; John Burridge, Forty-fourth Indiana, died of wounds ; 



104 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Isaac Blough, Forty-fourth Indiana, died; Eleazer Blough, Forty-fourth Indiana, 
died ; Jehiel B. Barnes, Eighty-eighth Indiana, killed ; Samuel Booker, Eighty- 
eighth Indiana, died ; James H. Bigelow, Eighty-eighth Indiana, killed; Will- 
iam S. Budd, Eighty-eighth Indiana, missing ; John J. Blackson, One Hun- 
dredth Indiana, died ; Alfred J. Bennett, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth In- 
diana, died ; Melvin W. Baker, Twelfth Cavalry, died ; James Bendure, 
Twelfth Cavalry, died; Daniel G. Bickel, Twelfth Cavalry, died; James W. 
Boyd, Lieutenant, One Hundredth Indiana, died. 

Frederick Cushway, Thirteenth Indiana, died ; John J. Crist, Forty-fourth 
Indiana, died of wounds ; Jacob Coldren, Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; Henrv 
Craft, Forty-fourth Indiana, died; George W. Clark, Forty-fourth Indiana, 
died ; Ralph P. Clark, Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; Jonathan D. Cummins, 
Eighty-eighth Indiana, missing ; Elisha B. Chapman, Eighty-eighth Indiana, 
died ; George M. Clark, One Hundredth Indiana, died ; Cornelieus Conkling, 
Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; Richard Cook, Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; Sol- 
omon H. Chary. One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana, died; David A. 
Cady, Twenty-first Indiana, died ; Albert Crawford, Seventeenth Indiana, died ; 
Josiah Combes, First Illinois Light Artillery, died ; John V. Curtis, Forty- 
fourth Indiana, killed. 

Bennis Dyer, Twenty-first Indiana, died: George W. Dawson, Thirtieth 
Indiana, died ; Vincent C. Dyamon, Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; Charles Dick- 
enson, Eighty-eighth Indiana, died ; Alvin D. Doolittle, Eighty-eighth Indi- 
ana, died ; Erastus Dallas, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana, died ; 
Lewis Dwight, Twelfth Cavalry, died. 

Henry M. Eagle, Forty-fourth Indiana, died. 

Enoch Fennell, Thirtieth Indiana, died ; George M. Fish, Forty-fourth In- 
diana, died ; John Freeman, First Illinois Light Artillery, died ; Andrew J. 
Farr. Fourth Michigan, killed. 

John J. Gilson, Thirtieth Indiana, died ; Lyman L. Greenman, Thirti- 
eth Indiana, died ; William A. Golden, Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; Delos 
Greenfield, Eighty-eighth Indiana, killed ; Franklin Gillett, One Hundredth 
Indiana, killed ; Morrison Gunn, Jr., One Hundred and Twenty-ninth, Indi- 
ana, died ; William C. Gill, Twelfth Cavalry, died ; Elmore Green, Eighty- 
eighth Indiana, died ; Augustus A. Galloway, Forty-fourth Indiana, killed. 

Harvey B. Hall, Twenty-first Indiana, died ; Erastus Hubbard, Thirtieth 
Indiana, died ; Franklin Haskins, Thirtieth Indiana, died ; Henry C. Hickock, 
Thirtieth Indiana, killed ; James Hudson, Company G, Thirtieth Indiana, 
died; Andrew J. Hart, Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; David Harris, Forty- 
fourth Indiana, died ; Arthur Hayward, Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; Elias 
Holsinger, Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; George Holsinger, Forty-fourth Indi- 
ana, died ; W. P. Hodges, Forty-fourth Indiana, died of wounds ; William H. 
Hays, Eighty-eighth Indiana, died ; William Hays. Eighty-eighth Indiana, 
died ; W^illiam P. Hunt, One Hundredth Indiana, died ; Henry J. Hall, One 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 105 

Hundredth Indiana died of wounds; Samuel Hiestand, One Hundredth Indi- 
ana, died; Ehsha Harding, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana, died; 
Thomas Holmes, One Hundredth and Twenty-ninth Indiana, died Noah 
H,vey, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana, died; David Haines, One 
Hundred and Twenty-n.nth Indiana, died ; Addison Harley, One Hundred and 
Twenty-nmth Ind.ana, d>ed; James W. Huss, One Hundred and Forty-second 
Ind,ana d.ed; H J. Hall, One Hundredth Indiana, died of wounds ; Wilkin 

W H ''''r: ] ?T'''^' ""' ' ^''"° "^"' «^-"^^ Cavalry, died ; George 
W. Ha,nes, Thirtieth Ind.ana, supposed to have died at Andersonville Prison^ 

SSn d.^I '' ''''' '"'""^' ""''''■' '^'^'^^ «-"'-•'' Fourth 

Charles Isely, Thirtieth Indiana, died. 

George Johnson, One Hundredth Indiana, died 

Richard Kannady, Thirtieth Indiana, died ; Victor Ketchum, Forty-fourth 
Ind.ana, died of wounds; James H. Kingsley, One Hundredth Indiana, died; 

kid R- ;"r; J^^f f^^ C,-^'^^ ^'-d ■' I-- Knight, Twenty-first I diana 
killed ; Richard Kingdom, Twelfth Cavalry, died. 

.• utfT F- ^'■'"«''"- Seventh Cavalry, died; Nelson Leighton, Eighty- 
eighth Indiana, died ; Robert C. Lazenby, One Hundredth Indiana, lied; 

Twenty-nintli Indiana, died ; William Little, One Hundred and Twentv-ninth 
Indiana, died ; Robinson Lane, Fourth Illinois Light Artillery, died; bharles 
H. Lawrence, Thirtieth Indiana, died; Martin Lattie, Fourth Michigan, died • 
James Longcor, Forty-fourth Indiana, died. o ' «'J > 

Levi Miller, Thirteenth Indiana, died of wounds; Robert P. McFarline, 
Thirueth Indiana d.ed ; Harrison Merrils, Thirtieth Indiana, died ; Will- 

imed f "".' A "'"'^ ?^""'' ^'"^ ' ''''''' ^'^'''-•' Thirtieth Indiana, 
killed Joseph Murray, Forty-fourth Indiana, died; Eli Mosier, Forty 

fourth Indiana ched; Martin Letta, Fourth Michigan Infantry died'; 
Joseph A. McKibben Eighty-eighth Indiana, died; Norman Mills, Eighty! 
Tl tT\t %'■ «• ^^«^""' Eighty-eighth Indiana died of 
Wl, 'm'u n 5^'"' ^"' ^"^""^••^^^'^ I'^diana, died of wounds; 
Wiliam Miller, One lundredth Indiana, died; Alanson Mills, Fourth 
M chigan, died ; Seth W. Murray, One Hundred and Twenty-ni^th Indi 

T: .; ^r^ ^"•■'■'^- ^"^ ^""''"-^^l «"d Twentv-ninth Indiana died • 
Robert McMean One Hundred and Twenty-ninth ^Indiana, died ' James' 
Maybe kdl.l; James W. Merrifield, Thirtieth Indiana, died Frank Meek 
F rs Ilhno,s Ligh Artillery, died ; Thomas McLane, First Michigan Sharr^ 
bhooters, died at Anderson ville. ^ 

Indi^nf^T^- I"?;!""'"'^ ^"^'•''"^' '^''^■^ J"'^- N^™' Thirty-fifth 

?we^ V .b ;T ' • ."'T' ''"'' ^''''*°" N-"^-' «- Hundred and 
Twenty-ninth Indiana, died ; Charles H. Nichols, First Michigan Sharp Shoot- 



106 HISTORY OF LA CHANGE COUNTY. 

ers. died; J. A. F. Nichols, regiment unknown, died; Ira V. Nichols, regiment 
unknown, died. 

Leander Powell, Thirteenth Indiana, killed ; William A. Potter, Thirty- 
fifth Indiana, died ; Willis Pence. Thirtieth Indiana, killed ; Israel Pray, Thir- 
tieth Indiana, died ; Hiram S. Perkins, Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; Orwin 
Page, Forty-fourth Indiana, killed ; Albert D. Plaisted, Eighty-eighth Indi- 
ana, died ; John F. Powell, One Hundredth Indiana, died ; Henry Plumb, 
One Hundreth Indiana, died ; Joseph Plank, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth 
Indiana, killed : Lester Powers, One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana, died ; 
Lafayette Parks, Forty-fourth Indiana, died; Maj. Robert Parrett, One Hun- 
dreth Indiana, killed ; Willis Pence, Thirtieth Indiana, killed. 

Leonard Roy, Twenty-first Indiana, died ; Thomas J. Rambo, Thirtieth 
Indiana, killed ; William Routson, Forty-fourth Indiana, died at Andersonville 
Prison ; Robert F. Ramsev, Eightv-eighth Indiana, died : William Ruff, One 
Hundredth Indiana, died ; Joel AV. Royce, One Hundredth Indiana, died ; 
Amo8 Reed, One Hundredth Indiana, died ; Horton R. Ryan, One Hundred 
and Twenty-ninth Indiana, died ; Edward Ream, One Hundred and Twenty- 
ninth Indiana, died ; Dr. Delos W. Rupert, Thirtieth Indiana, died ; Henry 
Khoads, Eighth Cavalry, killed; George Rhoads, Eighth Cavalry, died. 

Emery P. Sabins, Eighty-eighth Indiana, died : Oliver Shelly, Eighty-eighth 
Indiana, died; William J. Shipley, Eighty-eighth Indiana, died; George K. 
Sisson, Eighty-eighth Indiana, died ; John Shewman, Eighty-eighth Indi- 
ana, died ; James R. Stevenson, Eighty-eighth Indiana, died ; William Sharp. 
One Hundredth Indiana, killed : Halbert Starr, One Hundredth Indi- 
ana, died ; Charles Sharp, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana, died ; 
James Sharp, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana, died ; George W. 
Schernierhorn, Forty-fourth Indiana, died ; Dr. Edward B. Speed, Forty- 
fourth Indiana, died ; Adam Swartsweller, Thirtieth Indiana, died ; Josiah 
Snyder, Eighty-eighth Indiana, killed ; David Stai-ner, Thirtieth Indiana, 
died ; Andrew H. Stem, Thirteenth Indiana, killed ; Squire A. Storey, 
Seventh Cavalry, killed; David Seybert, First Michigan Sharp Shooters, 
died ; William Stevenson, Seventy-eighth New York, killed : Frank Spellman. 
Fourth Michigan, killed ; Henry Sharp, Fourth Jlichigan, killed. 

James II. Tineher, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana, died ; Charles 
Tyler, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana, died of wounds ; Marcus B. 
Tarner, One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana, died ; George Trittapoo, 
Thirtieth Indiana, died. 

James B. F. Utley, Thirtieth Indiana, killed. 

Rufus Whitney, Eighty-eighth Indiana, died ; Henry Wolford, Thirtieth 
Indiana, died ; Abraham Wright, Thirtieth Indiana, died of wounds ; James 
C. West, Thirtieth Indiana, died; William W. Wilson, Thirtieth Indiana, died; 
Benjamin Woolheter, Thirtieth Indiana, died ; Eli Wheeler, Thirtieth Indiana, 
killed ; Jerome Wright, Forty-fourth Indiana, killed ; George S. Wicson, One 



V, 


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MurORD TP. 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 109 

Hundredth Indiana, died ; Edward Whitney, One Hundredth Indiana, killed ; 
Aaron Wolford, One Hundredth Indiana, killed; David Woodruff, One Hun- 
dredth Indiana, died ; Samuel Weaver, One Hundredth Indiana, died ; John 
Weaver, died ; George W. Williams, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana, 
died ; Hiram Wabill, One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana, died. 

Died soon after discharge, from disease contracted in the service : Capt. J. 
H. Danseur, Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana ; William D. Groves, Com- 
pany H, Forty-fourth Indiana; John M. Stoner, Forty-fourth Indiana. 

A large number more have died since discharge, of diseases contracted in 
the service, but there is no record from which to ascertain their names. 

The following exhibit shows the amounts expended by La Grange County, 
and by the several townships for bounty to soldiers enlisting, and for the relief 
of their families : 

BOUNTY. RELIEF. 

By the County $12,000 $39,061 70 

Eleven townships each furnishing the same amount 121,000 11,000 00 » 

Total $163,000 $50,061 70 

Grand Total $213,061 70 

The enrollment of the militia of the State on the 19th of October, 1862, 
made the following showing in respect to La Grange County: Total militia, 
2,047; volunteers before that date, 750; exempts, 420; conscientiously op- 
posed to bearing arms, 91 ; total volunteers in the service, 653 ; total then sub- 
ject to draft, 1,536. Adding the volunteers then in the service to the total 
militia, shows the whole militia of the county at the opening of the war to have 
been about 2,700. On the 20th of September, 1862, there was a deficiency of 
46, for which a draft was ordered. 

The quotas and credits of the county under the calls of the President 
February 1, March 14, and July 18, 1864, were as follows: Enrollment, 1,899 ; 
quotas and deficiency, 713. Credits — By new recruits, 552; veterans, 72; 
draft, 15 ; deficiency, 74. A draft was ordered for the deficiency. 

The quotas and credits of the county under call of December 19, 1864 : 
The enrollment of the county showed, 1,436; quota, 191. Credit: By new 
recruits, 97; draft, 86; total, 183; deficiency, 8. 

These enrollments show that the county furnished 1,475 men for the war 
of the rebellion. There were, beside these, probably 100 men who went into 
the service from the county who were never credited to the county, being cred- 
ited to other counties, as were some twenty in the Seventeenth Indiana Volun- 
teers, while a number went to Michigan and other States to enlist and were 
credited to them. There were, though, a number of men who enlisted twice. 
All the veterans were twice credited to the county. Estimating the double 
enlistments at 200 men, would leave 1,375 different men who rendered military 
service from this county. The annual return of the militia of the State in 
1866 by the Adjutant General to the President, in accordance with an act of 



F 



110 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Congress, gave the county the credit for 3,030 militia, considerably more than 
at the opening of the war, if both enrollments were correct. 

SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLUTION, OF THE WAR OF 1812, AND OF THE 

MEXICAN WAR. 

Through the kindness of Hon. John B. Howe, we gather the following 
information in respect to the soldiers of the Revolution and of the war of 1812 
who settled in the county, and of volunteers from the county to the war with 
Mexico. The Revolutionary soldiers who settled in the county were among its 
first settlers and were Micajah Harding, Nathan Fowler, Place, Abra- 
ham Cole,Waitsell Dickenson, all of whom settled in the vicinity of where Lima 
now is. David Cowan, who settled in the Burr Oak settlement, now Van Buren 
Township; Morgan Young, who settled on Pretty Prairie, in Greenfield Town- 
ship. He was a man of remarkable physical vigor, and at the age of ninety 
years followed the hounds. William McNeil is also believed to have been a 
Revolutionary soldier. There were also a Frenchman and a German in the 
poor-house in 1815 who claimed to have been in that war. The Frenchman 
loved to speak of his service, but the German was very reticent, which was 
accounted for on the supposition that he was then on the wrong side. The 
Frenchman' was anxious to return to France, and finally received aid and returned 
to his native land. 

Of the war of 1812, the following names are remembered: Jesse Hunts- 
man (Greenfield township), Daniel Harding, Noah Austin, David Smith. Jolin 

Kelly, Palmer, John Perry, Zimri Atwater, James Kinney, Sylvanus 

Halsey. Daniel Harding was at the taking of Fort Erie. Noah Austin was 
shot and severely wounded by an ounce ball, while crossing over the river to 
the battle of Lundy's Lane. Tiie ball lodged behind his ear and he carried it 
to the day of his death, when, to the great astonishment of all, the ball dropped 
oUt just before he expired. John Kelly served under Gen. W. H. Harrison. 
Palmer was a blacksmith in Lima, and always claimed that he killed Tecuraseh, 
and that Col. Richard M. Johnson had nothing to do with it. James Kinney 
was in the battle of Plattsburg. (^T^:;:^^^^ "^^ '^ ^^^ -^ \8l^- 

The war with Mexico did not, at tne time, meet with much popular favor 
in the county, but it was not without representation. Frank Flanders, Sylves- 
ter Haliday and an Irishman, whose name is not recollected, went from Lima 
and enlisted in Capt. Tollis' company, which rendezvoused at Freedom, St. 
Joseph Co., Mich., and which was afterward mustered into the Fifteenth United 
States Infantry. Flanders became Drum Major in this regiment and was noted 
as a bugler. The Irishman was said to have been the first or one of the first to 
enter Fort Chapultepec and to have assaulted Gen. Bravo with his musket, 
because he made a show of resistance. Israel Lantz, Lorenzo Ingraham and 
John Davenport are also mentioned as having gone to the Mexican war from 
the county. 



C HAPT E R V. 

by john paul jones. 

Town of La Grange — First Plat — Early Residents— The County Seat 
Question— Appearance of the Village Thirty-eight Years Ago — 
Former Mercantile Establishments- Gradual Growth and Develop- 
ment — Industrial Enterprises — Secret Societies— Present Business 
Occupations — Outline Sketch of Religious and Educational Interests 
— Cemetery. 

THE location of the town of La Grange, in the geographical center of the 
county, would seem to indicate that its projectors were men of shrewd fore- 
thought, who had in view the possibility of its becoming, at no distant day, the 
most eligible point for the location of the county seat, as in the early days of 
the county the strife and efforts put forth by the citizens of different localities 
to secure that coveted prize and distinction, were not unlike the record in that 
respect of most other counties. The tract of land comprising the original town 
site was purchased of the United States by entry, at the Government Land 
Office, in Fort Wayne, in the year 1835, by George F. Whittaker and Theodore 
Craft. Joshua T. Hobbs subsequently purchased an interest, and thus became 
one of the proprietors of the town site. It is situated in the south half of 
Section 19, and was platted on the 18th day of June, 1836, by Reuben 
J. Dawson, William F. Beavers, George F. Whittaker and James McConnell, 
none of whom are now living. Mr. Dawson resided in De Kalb County, Iml., 
and represented his county and that of Steuben in the State Senate in 1850, 
and was afterward Judge of the Tenth Judicial Circuit. He took an active 
and prominent part in politics, and was a Presidential Elector on the Democratic 
ticket in 1856. Mr. Whittaker was a merchant at Lima. Mr. Beavers resided 
ill the southern part of the county, and was for several years County Surveyor. 
James McConnell, the last survivor of these original proprietors, died at Albion 
ill 1881. He was a resident of Eden Township, and was, at an early day, one 
of the County Commissioners. The original town was laid off into lots 66x132 
feet, with a public square, 132x280^ feet, streets 66 feet in width, and alleys 16|- 
feet wide, crossing each other at right angles ; the names of the streets being 
Mountain, High, Detroit, Poplar, Walnut, Sycamore and Canal, running nortii 
andsouth ; Lake, Steuben, Factory, Michigan, Spring, Lafayette and Wayne, run- 
ning east and west. Detroit became the principal business street, and still 
retains that prestige. The original proprietors donated several lots to the 
county, the present site of the court house being a portion of the gift, which 
was originally the public square. The terms of the grant were as follows: 



112 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

" The public grounds designed for and donated to the county from the time of 
the commencement of the use of the same for the purposes of holding courts 
and the transaction of other judicial business thereon, and to continue the 
property of said county of La Grange as long as the same shall be occupied as 
aforesaid, after which it shall revert to the original proprietors. 

" The proprietors hereby reserve to themselves the right to divert the 
the stream of water which passes through the town, to any place not to exceed 
one-fourth of a mile from its natural channel, for the use of mills and other 
machinery." 

The town site was covered with heavy forest trees and a thick under- 
growth of prickly ash, interspersed with briers and shrubbery. The ground 
was burned over the first year, which was the means of destroying the under- 
growth ; the large timber was cut down and the inhabitants of the new town would 
generally engage in the work of clearing and burning'the brush, old and young 
joining in the work at convenient spells, some in one part and some in another, 
and often continuing until midnight. This afforded amusement and recreation, 
instead of croquet and such other fashionable diversions of the present day. 
Shadrack Carney, now a resident of Clay Township, claims to have felled the 
first tree in preparing to clear off the public square. That work was done by 
contract with the Commissioners, who unfortunately required all the trees to be 
cut down, thereby depriving the public of the benefit of the fine shade which 
this primeval forest would have rendered. A portion of the public square and 
grounds extending to the south and east for some considerable distance was wet 
and swampy. A stranger, to travel over the solid ground that now exists instead 
of the mire, could hardly realize that such could ever have been tlie condition. 
Removing the primitive growth and filling with other soil has wrought the 
change. 

Isaac P. Grannis and Thomas Clark built the first two dwelling houses ; 
they were constructed of logs, one of which was used as a boarding-house for 
the accommodation of Mr. Grannis, who was one of ttie sub-contractors and 
workmen on the court house. The other was occupied by the Clark family, 
who were of a migratory disposition, fond of hunting and fishing, and who, 
after a few years, removed to the Far West, where they expected to find game 
more plentiful. The first frame building was a storehouse erected by William 
Wigton, on the northeast corner of Detroit and Spring streets, opposite the 
southeast corner of the court house square. This structure served as a general 
resort for nearly two years. It was occupied by C. B. Holmes, who kept a 
general store, consisting of dry goods, groceries, hardware, and an assortment 
of such goods as was in demand in those early times. Here, also, was the 
post office, which Mr. Holmes was instrumental in causing to be established, 
and who officiated as the first Postmaster. Some idea of the magnitude of the 
business transacted in handling the mails at this oflice for the first quarter may 
be formed through the receipts for that period, which amounted to the niunifi- 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 113 

cent sum of $1.08, quite in contrast with the receipts for the quarter ending 
September 30, 1881, which showed an aggregate of $644.42. Mr. Holmes 
seems to have been almost indispensable to the community, for about this time 
he was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace for Bloomfield Township. 
At the period of the commencement of the growth of the town, the country 
was but little else than a vast wilderness, though settlements had been formed 
to some extent in various localities in the surrounding country, and additions 
were constantly being made. Yet the farms that had been cleared for cultiva- 
tion were but mere openings in the vast sea of forest trees that covered the 
surrounding territory, and game of a great variety was to be found in the 
immediate vicinity. So plentiful were deer, that it is related that Ans Clark, 
who prided himself upon his expertness with the rifle, killed, in one day, 
seven of these animals, and so close to the town that every shot could have 
been heard at the public square. But a change was to come over the place in 
the new order of things. 

The contract for building the new court house had been let by the Board 
of Commissioners to Francis F. Jewett, of Lima, and work was formally begun 
on its erection in 1842. The building was to be a two-story frame, with a 
court room, jury rooms, and rooms for the several county oflBcers. Mr. Jewett 
pushed the work with vigor, and completed it December 5, 1843 ; the cost was 
$8,000, and the structure was considered a fine one for those primitive times. 
As was the case elsewhere in the county, the pioneer suffered greatly from 
chills and ferer, and as quinine was a scarce article, they had to resort to such 
means for relief as could be obtained from barks and herbs, the natui'al prod- 
ucts of the soil. 

Following the erection of the first two log houses, came other settlers t 
locate in the new town and build likewise, though the growth was slow for a 
period. The first two frame dwelling houses were built by Peter H. Fox and 
George Hopkins. The first one continued in existence until about two years 
ago, when it was torn down to give place to the commodious and elegant struct- 
ure, now the residence of Thomas H. Sefton. The other formed a part of the 
rtsidence of M. L. Punches, and was destroyed by fire. Mr. Hopkins was a 
carpenter and joiner by trade, and came from Medina County, Ohio, in 1843. 
He sold this property after two years to Solomon Shattuck, who was the first 
village blacksmith. Robert McClasky and family came from Ohio in 1843. 
He was the first boot and shoemaker, and built the third log house on the lot 
now owned by George P. Robinson, and on which is situated his fine brick res- 
idence. A few other small dwellings were erected during this season. The 
locating of the county seat here and the completion of the new court house, 
fixed the destiny of the embryo town. In 1844, the county officers having 
been removed from Lima, and the courts holding their sessions here, gave an 
impetus to the village and caused it to improve rapidly. Simon M. Cutler, who 
had been elected County Auditor, built the house now owned by Mrs. Will, 



1 1-^ HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

opposite the Methodist Church. Samuel A. Bartlett, County Treasurer, put 
up tlie house on the next lot north, now owned by Jacob M. Church. John 
Kroiner and Andrew Ellison built the houses which were recently removed for 
the purpose of enlarging the court house square. They occupied a strip of 
ground west of the court house, with a narrow street or lane running between 
the two. The county purchased this property, vacated the street, and inclosed 
the land with the court house grounds, thereby increasing the width to 280^ 
feet, corresponding to the width north and south, and thus separating it from 
any contiguous property, and lending symmetry and beauty to the whole sur- 
rounding. C. B. Holmes built a residence on Detroit street. Peter L. Mason 
put up a double log house on the lot now occupied by the Presbyterian Church. 
The south part of the American House, which was the first hotel building in the 
place, was put up this year by Frederick Hamilton, who became the first " mine 
host" to cater to the comfort of the traveling public ; at the same time being 
Sheriff, he performed a double duty, that of looking after the security of the 
unruly guests of the county. This building occupied the northeast corner of 
Detroit and Michigan streets, now the vacant -corner lot to the northeast of the 
court house square. The American House was destroyed by fire in 1874. The 
once famous Boyd House, built by William S. Boyd, and used as a hotel and 
for stores and dwellings, for a number of years, was situated opposite the court 
house, to the east, on Detroit street. This was, in its day. by common selec- 
tion, the headquarters of the gathering hosts during court sessions, and for the 
politicians and other "wire-pullers" of the early times. Many were the 
schemes concocted and matured there for the political and financial ag 'randize- 
ment of those who were ever on the alert for personal preferment. It was 
finally partly destroyed by fire, and the ruins removed to give place to the fine 
brick structure erected by Abijah Brown and his three sons, Ira, Jacob S. and 
Adrian D., for hotel purposes. The building wiis four stories high, including 
basement. This, in its time, was one of the best hotels in Northern Indiana, 
and had a wide reputation as such. This, too, was destroyed by fire in Janu- 
ary, 1877. the grounds of which are now occupied by the brick buildings owned 
by Brown Bros., Rose i Williams, and Jacob Newman. Messrs. Bingham & 
Newman, and Hubbard & Ruick, built the frame business houses now owned bv 
John Will, and occupied by Will & Clugston as a dry goods store, F. M. Ved- 
der, grocer, and others, on Detroit street. In 1870, the Devor brick block was 
erected, and the Rice building in 1871. The new jail, a superb structure, built 
of brick, and inclosed by a substantial iron fence, was put up in 1872, at a cost 
of $28,000, and serves its purpose quite satisfactorily, though, like all places 
for the security of prisoners, there have been occasions when it has proved inse- 
cure, notably in the escape, just previous to this writing, of one Miles, who was 
confined for bigamy, but was recaptured and received his just deserts bv a sen- 
tence of three years in the penitentiary. Drs. John A. Butler, John Brown, 
and Isaac Parry were the first physicians having oflBces or residing in the town ; 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 115 

these have all passed away. Dr. Parry went to California in 1850, where he 
(lied 1880, and Dr. Brown at his home, on the Haw Patch, several years ago. 
C. B. Holmes has been mentioned as inaup;uratincr the mercantile business 
here by establishing a general store. The second enterprise of merchandising 
in the town was established in 1843, by Harmon B. McCoy and William S. 
Bovd. in the Boyd Building. Mr. McCoy was married in the fall of 1815 to 
Miss Eliza Price, and with his bride went to Ohio, whence he had originally 
come. They returned in the following spring, when he, in partnership with 
James B. Caldwell, started a tannery, and commenced the manufacture of leath- 
er in connection with harness-making. Samuel H. Boyd came in 1843, and 
started a tannery in the east part of town near the creek ; this was the first in- 
stitution of the kind put in operation in La Grange. The tannery of McCoy 
& Caldwell changed hands several times, and finally, in about the year 1858, 
the business was discontinued, and the lots were sold to the Grand Rapids & 
Indiana Railroad Company. This line of business has entirely died out, there 
being no tanneries now in e.\istence here. McCoy was subsequently engaged 
in the manufacture of shingles at the Boyd Saw-Mill on Fly Creek, at the 
northeast of town, where he met a horrible death by accidentally coming in 
contact with the saw. This saw-mill was built by.Delavan Martin, in 1844, 
and was the first put in operation ; it was fitted up with one of the old fash- 
ioned upright saws, driven by water-power, with an old style water-wheel. 
The same water-power was also utilizeil to drive the first grist-mill, built by 
William S. Boyd and John Starr, in the year 1857. This mill was a great 
convenience to the community and surrounding country. It was a two-story 
frame building, with sufficient capacity to meet the wants of the people. It 
was destroyed by fire in 1873, being then owned by the Kerr Brothers. The 
fine steam flouring-mill now owned by Hudson & Peck was erected by William 
Hudson and Samuel K. Ruick in 1874, also a saw-mill adjoining. The grist- 
mill has two run of stone, and the capacity of turning out fifty barrels of flour 
per day. The first regular drug store was started by Rensselaer Rheubottom in 
1852, in a small frame building near the Boyd Block. Drs. John H. Rerick 
and Howard M. Betts were the second to embark in that business; this was in 
lSi)0, in the building then owned by Dr. John A. Butler, just north of the 
American House. They soon after removed to the building on the northwest 
corner of Detroit and Michigan streets. Dr. Rerick sold out his interest to Dr. 
Betts in 1861, and entered the service of the United States as Assistant Sur- 
geon of the Forty-fourth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Dr. Betts 
still continues the business at the old stand, the entire building being now 
owned by him, and occupied in part by the Central Hotel. This building was 
built by John Will in 1855, and occupied by him in the mercantile trade. The 
first tinware and stove establishment was started by Perry S. Hemminger, in 
1855. He built the frame building on the site of the Devor Block in 1857. 
The business was afterward conducted by Hemminger and J. W. Rheubottom. 



116 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY'. 

J. P. Jones purchased Hemminger's interest in the concern in 1857, and, in 
company with Rheubottom, added a general stock of iron, nails and shelf hard- 
ware, which was the first store of the kind in the village. C. B. Holmes was 
the pioneer in the family grocery business. Andrew Emminger came in 1844, 
and inaugurated the industry in the manufacture of chairs. Not until as late 
as 1872 was there a regularly organized banking institution in the place. In 
that year the La Grange County Bank was started, the proprietors being Ralph 
P. Herbert, R. S. Hubbard and Henry M. Herbert. In the following year, 
Andrew Ellison commenced the banking business ; this he still conducts in con- 
nection with his son Rollin. In 1874, the La Grange Bank was started by 
Thomas J. Spaulding, of Lima Township, and R. S. Hubbard. They occu- 
pied the Devor Building. In September of the same year, the First National 
Bank was organized, with a capital of $50,000, by many of the same parties 
interested in the La Grange County and La Grange Bank, these two banks 
merging their interests into that of the First National, and discontinuing busi- 
ness. John S. Merritt became the first President, and R. S. Hubbard the first 
cashier of the new institution. It occupies an eligible business location 
opposite the court house in the brick building owned by Messrs. Rose & Will- 
iams. Its present officers are Solomon Rose, President ; J. S. Merritt, Vice 
President, and H. M. Herbert, Cashier. 

There are two public halls in the town, Ellison's, and one known as 
Brown's, the latter owned by Brown Bros., and situated in the second story of 
tlie brick block on the southeast corner of Detroit and Michigan streets, oppo- 
site the court house. It is devoted to theatrical and other entertainments and 
to other uses. 

There are several secret societies in La Grange, representing many of the 
various orders found throughout the country; the purposes of which are gener- 
ally for the moral, social and mental culture of its members. The " Meridian 
Sun Lodge of Masons" was instituted at Lima June 1, 1849, and three or 
four years later its place of meeting was transferred to this town, where it 
became essentially a La Grange society. It had for its first officers William 
Martin, Worshipful Master ; John Brisco, Senior Warden, and A. C. Vanor- 
man. Junior Warden. The I. 0. 0. F. Lodge was organized in June, 1856; 
its first officers were William Rheubottom, Noble Grand ; John F. Clugston, 
Vice Grand; John Q. Reed, Scribe; John Will, Treasurer; and R. S. Hub- 
bard, Warden, all of whom are living here, except Mr. Reed, who is in St. 
Louis, Mo. The Hutchinson Lodge of Good Templars was organized in 1866. 
It is a thrifty society, and makes its influence felt in the interests of temper- 
ance. Their place of meeting is in Will & Clugston's building. The Davis 
Lodge of Good Templars was organized in 1878. They have a membership of 
about forty, with lodge room in Wigton and Eyler's block, and are in a vigorous 
condition, with a good record in the cause in which they are enlisted. 

[In the month of January, 1867, a number of young men of La Grange, 




'^^^7^^^^^ 



.^^ o-77-z^:^^(^^^ 



LA GRAN BE 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 119 

having in view a general intellectual and moral culture, organized an Addisonian 
Debating Society in the town. The charter members were James S. Drake. 
Lieut. Samuel A. Cherry, U. S.A., Robert Wigton, M. R. McClaskey, Seymour 
Brisco, Lewis Wertsbaugher, J. P. Duck, Thomas Ellison, J. A. McClaskey, C. 
y. Roop, and Deloyn Carson. The following officers were elected : S. A. Cherry, 
President ; J. A. McClaskey, Vice-President ; J. S. Drake, Secretary ; Thomas 
Ellison, Treasurer. The present membership is about forty. Young men, 
between the ages of eighteen and thirty, and of good moral character, may 
become members. 

On the 21st of February, 1879, W. M. Obermyer, D. G. D., of Lidiana, 
instituted at La Grange a lodge of the Knights of Honor, the following being 
the charter members : Thomas H. Sefton, Samuel P. Bradford, Isaiah Piatt, A. 
D. Mohler, E. G. White, George W. Berry, John A. Miller, C. H. Hollis, J. 
H. Hayes, A. D. Moore, M. V. Devor, W. S. Berry, J. M. Preston, J. B. 
Davenport, A. C. Beecher, E. G. Machan, H. M. Casebeer, E. V. Case, 0. 
L. Ballou and Leonard Peck. The following were the first officers : 0. L. 
Ballou, P. D.; Isaiah Piatt, D.; T. H. Sefton, V. D.; H. M. Casebeer, A. D.; 
J. H. Hayes, G.; A. D. Moore, Chaplain; E. V. Case, Reporter; M. V. 
Devor, Financial Reporter ; J. B. Davenport, Treasurer ; J. A. Miller, Guard- 
ian ; A. C. Beecher, Sentinel; and S. P. Bradford, E. G. Machan and E. 
G. White, Trustees. The membership has since reached forty, but it is now 
thirty-nine, one of the number having died. The lodge has property valued at 
about $500, and meets on Thursday evenings- Two thousand dollars are paid 
to the descendants of each person dying. — Ed.] 

The business interests of the town are represented by seven dry goods 
stores, one millinery and fancy goods, three millinery and dress-making estab- 
lishments, two tailor shops, five grocery stores, four boot and shoe shops, six 
drug stores, one stationery and periodical store, three hardware stores, three 
butcher shops, three saddlery and harness shops, two banks, twelve lawyers, 
thirteen physicians, three newspaper and printing offices, two jewelers, two 
dental offices, two photographers, one piano and organ store, three sewing-ma- 
chine offices, three barber-shops, four restaurants, three flour and feed stores, 
three hotels, three saloons, three livery stables, tvrt) agricultural implement 
establishments, two marble-shops, five blacksmith-shops, one railroad office, two 
express offices, one patent-medicine manufactory, one gunsmith and manufact- 
urer, two grain warehouses, two steam saw-mills, one steam flouring-mill, two 
planing-mills, three wagon-shops, one carriage factory, one pump manufactory. 

A cheese factory, the first of the kind in the county, has been in success- 
ful operation during the past season by Mr. Chamberlin, the projector and 
proprietor. 

Since the original plat was surveyed, several additions have been made to 
the town. Ellison's, on the south, in the east half of the northwest quarter of 
Section 30, was laid out May 6, 1861. Drake's, in the west, was laid out by 



120 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

James L. Drake, October 6, 1868. Ryason's, in the west half of the north- 
east quarter of Section 30, laid out November 24, .1868. McClaskey's, 
February 13, 1869, on the Haw Patch road, in the south part of the town- 
McClaskey'a East Addition, on the east side of the creek, by Robert McClaskey, 
and Herbert's, in the northwestern part of the towa, fronting on the Baubauga 
road, was laid out by Ralph P. Herbert, in 1877. 

La Grange was incorporated in 1855, and the following constituted the 
first Board of Trustees : Andrew Emminger, William C. Kennedy, William 
Rheubottom and Rensselaer Rheubottom, who held their first meeting Decem- 
ber 26, 1 855, and organized with ihe following ofiBcers : Rensselaer Rheubottom, 
President ; Charles B. Holmes, Clerk ; Andrew Ellison, Marshal ; Caleb 
Strang, Treasurer ; and John B. Case, Assessor. 

The general growtli of the town, though slow, has been permanent, and 
its improvements gradual. Its residences, though not palatial, are mostly neat 
and homelike. They are principally frame structures. The business houses 
were originally built of lumber, but fire has made its inroad upon them at dif- 
ferent times, until but few of these old landmarks are left ; in their stead, good 
substantial brick buildings have been erected. The population of the place, 
as shown by the census of 1880, varied but a few from 1,400. There are but 
three persons now living in the place, who were heads of families and residents 
here in 1844. These are Andrew Ellison, Robert McClaskey and C. B. 
Holmes. 

The educational advantages and system of instruction in the schools of 
La Grange present no features of striking contrast with the general system 
throughout the State of which it is a part. However, from the rude beginning 
of the first school taught in the village, gradual progress and improvement have 
been made, until the present high standard of excellence in the graded school 
has been reached. The first opportunity offered the little urchins of the village 
to prepare themselves for the high and responsible duties of matured life, in 
the way of book learning, was at a school taught by Miss Laura Brown, subse- 
quently Mrs. Dr. Butler, in a barn just north of where the American Hotel 
used to stand, or opposite, and to the northeast of the present Central Hotel. 
Prior, and up to the year 1866, the public educational facilities wei-e those of 
the ordinary district schools. Among those who taught in these schools, and 
who have attained prominence, are Samuel P. Bradford, the present Clerk of 
the La Grange Circuit Court, and Rev. J. W. Welch, Presiding Elder of the 
Warsaw District of the North Indiana Conference. The people, however, at 
an early day. desired a higher grade of education and better facilities than 
were afforded by the district school, and an attempt was made to satisfy the 
demand under a law, for the purpose of providing for a county seminary. 
The funds were gathered together from tlie various authorized sources, and the 
construction of a two-story frame building, for the purpose, was commenced a 
few rods south of the site of the present school edifice. About the time it was 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE 121 

inclosed, and before completion, the funds were exhausted, and work was con- 
sequently suspended. The building remained in this condition for a time, and 
was finally sold to the authorities of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who pro- 
ceeded to complete its construction and occupy it for school purposes. The 
first term opened in the autumn of 1850, under the direction of James C. 
Mcintosh, of Connersville, Ind., a graduate of Asbury University. He con- 
tinued one year of highly acceptable service, when he returned to his home. 
He was succeeded by Robert Parrott, also of Asbury, who taught one year, 
and then entered the practice of the law. At the breaking-out of the rebel- 
lion, he entered the army, and was commisioned Major of the One Hundredth 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but was killed by the falling of a tree during a storm, 
while in his tent near Vicksburg. Mr. Parrott was succeeded by Isaac Ma- 
huren, and he, after a few months, by John Paul Jones, who had been elected 
to the office of Clerk of the La Grange Circuit Court, who taught the remain- 
der of the term, and then resigned to enter upon the duties of his office. In 
1854, John B. Clark took charge of the school and conducted it for several 
years. Others were Thomas L. Hulbert, George Hall and a Mr. Pierce. 
With the close of the latter's administration, the history of the seminary ends. 
By reason of financial embarrassment, the building was finally sold to Samuel 
Thurber, and he in turn conveyed it to the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad 
Company, and received in payment capital stock of said company. Finally, 
after one or two changes, the building was purchased, in 1866, by Moon 
Brothers, who removed it to their grounds in the south part of town, on the 
Haw Patch road, where it is still occupied by S. D. Jloon as a carriage and 
wagon manufactory. Following the year 1866, a change was made by the 
•erection of a large two-story frame building, and tlie adoption of a higher 
course of instruction, embracing more advanced branches than those taught in 
the district schools. This supplied the wants very well until tne opening nf 
the schools in 1874, when a complete graded course was adopted, and the school 
brought more nearly to the requirements of the times and the advancement of 
the country. The Principals employed since 1866, with their term of service, 
are as follows : A. W. Durley, one year ; J. H. Graham, two years ; C. Hew- 
ett, one year ; Alfred Bayless, two years ; Samuel Lilly, one year ; 0. A. 
Reubelt, one year ; A. D. Mohler, seven years. 

The building now occupied by the public schools is a brick structure, 
erected, in 1874, at a cost of $30,000, including furniture and apparatus. It is 
of the modern style of architecture in its general design, and three stories high. 
The main building, on the ground, is 60.x70 feet and the wing 31x64 feet. The 
basement is used for furnace purposes, rooms for storing wood, and others for 
exercise of the scholars in inclement weather. On the first floor there are six 
rooms, two in the wing and the others in the main part. There are two halls, 
in which are placed the stairway, wardrobes, etc., one of the halls being in the 
wing. The sizes of the halls are 21x60 feet and 16x30 feet. Tlie Superintend- 



122 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

ent's office is in the tower, directly over the main entrance to the second floor- 
On the third floor is the lecture-room, 43x60 feet, which is approached by two 
stairways, giving ample means of ingress and egress. Its seating capacity is 
estimated at forty persons. The building is covered by a mansard roof and has 
accommodations for 480 pupils. The heating and ventilating are done by mean^ 
of three furnaces and their equipments. This building will compare favorably 
with any of its kind to be found in Northern Indiana. There are enrolled at 
the present time 300 pupils. The school is divided into three departments — 
tlie higher, grammar and primary, with twelve grades. The present teachers 
are: C. P. Hodge, Superintendent; Miss Achsa Huffman, Principal; Miss Ella 
Goodsell, Mr. Ora Rowe, Miss Ada Henderson, Miss Lulu Storer and Miss' 
Mattie Parry, Assistants. 

In La Grange, as in all communities, the spiritual welfare of the people 
was among the first things to be looked after and cared for. The inhabitants 
of the little hamlet, in its earliest days, were blessed by the presence of the 
preacher, who held meetings at any convenient place until provision was made 
for a regular house of worship. The Rev. Thomas B. Connelly, who was a res- 
ident of the township, probably preached the first sertpon in the town. Revs. 
•Tames Latty, Abram Rowe, Charles J. Fox and James Roy were also among 
the early local preachers who labored eSiciently among the pioneers of the place. 
The Methodist Episcopal was the first church society formed in La Grange. It 
was organized, in 1843, by Rev. William J. Forbes, who was the preacher in 
charare of the La Grange Circuit. It consisted of the following; members : 
James Packer and Esther, his wife, both of whom are living about two miles 
east of town; Amasa Durand and his wife Hannah, now the wife of Robert 
McClaskey and I'esiding in La Grange. Mr. Durand died in 1849. He was 
the owner of and resided at the time of his death on the farm adjoining the 
original village plat, a part of which is embraced in the Ryason Addition. 
Though a strong man, both mentally and physically, the labor of clearing this 
form was the cause of his early demise. Isaac P. Grannis and his wife Rhoda 
were members. The latter is living in Johnson Township. Mr. Grannis died 
in 1863. George Hopkins and Sarah, his wife, were also members. He died 
in 1850. Mr. Hopkins usually led in the singing in those early days and in 
fine old Methodist style. His widow, who married Mr. Sanderson, is still 
living. Mr. Packer was the first class leader. The ministers sent to the place 
have been as follows: William J. Forbes and J. C. Medsker in 1843, E. Doud, 
William G. Stonex, Elijah S. Blue, Elihu Anthony, Jesse Sparks, Elijah Lil- 
liston, L. W. Monson, John H. Bruce, Ezra Maynard, John R. Davis. Eman- 
uel Hall, Charles Ketcham, Samuel Lamb, James A. Beswick, Abijah Marine, 
John Maffit, John Hill, Reuben Tobey, F. T. Simpson, D. P. Hartman, James 
Johnson, J. 51. Mann, E. S. Preston, J. H. Hutchinson, J. W. Welch, Enoch 
Holdstock, Almon Greenman, Y. B. Meredith, C. E. Disbro, and the present 
Pastor, B. \. Kemp. This charge was connected with the circuit until 1862^ 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 123 

■when it became a station under one pastor in charge. The Presiding Elders 
officiating here have been : George M. Boyd, 1844 ; Samuel Brenton, 184S ; 
S. C. Cooper, 1849 ; Jacob M. Stallard, 1850; H. B. Beers, 1851 ; Jacob Col- 
clazier, 1853 ; L. W. Monson, 1857 ; W. S. Burch, 1861 ; Thomas Stabler, 
1865; H. J. Meek, 1869; 0. V. Lemon, 1873; A. Greenman, 1877; and 
M. H. Mendenhall, appointed in 1881. Samuel Brenton, while serving on 
this district as Presiding Elder, was stricken with paralysis, which compelled 
him to retire from the active work of the ministry. He was subsequently ap- 
pointed by President Taylor Register of the Land Office at Fort Wayne, and 
was elected three terms to Congress from the old Tenth District, and died in 
Fort Wayne in 1850. Elijah S. Blue was accidentally killed in December, 
1845, on his way from an appointment at Wolcottville to his home at Ontario. 
Having dismounted, and while leading his horse with the halter strap fastened 
around his wrist, the animal became frightened and ran, dragging the preacher 
after him, striking his head against a wagon in the road, then against the fence. 
He was instantly killed. The church edifice erected by this denomination was 
completed in 1856, at a cost of about §3,000. It has since been improved 
and a parsonage added, increasing the value of the whole property to about 
$5,000. It is a substantial frame building, with a basement used for prayer 
and class meetings and as a lecture-room. The seating capacity is about five 
hundred. The Sabbath school was organized in 1853. It now numbers twenty- 
nine officers and teachers and 175 scholars, with an average attendance of 150. 
The school is in a prosperous condition, under the superintendency of George 
C. Morgan. There has recently been organized a Sabbath school normal class, 
under competent instructors, for the purpose of giving particular attention to 
Biblical study. The membership of the church is now about three hundred. 

The Presbyterian Church was organized in the winter of 1843-44, by the 
Rev. Benjamin Ogden, of Three Rivers, Mich., and Rev. Bouton, who were 
appointed as a committee for that purpose by the Presbytery of La Grange. 
The original members were Francis M. Price and his wife, Sarah, William S. 
Boyd, and Sarah, his wife, Robert Cummings, and Harmon B. McCoy. The 
first Elders were Messrs. Price and Boyd. Of this little communion, Mr. Boyd 
is the only survivor, and is residing in the town. The Rev. Mr. Ogden served 
the church for a short time, during which Mr. Phillip Toll and his wife, who 
resided at Fawn River, Mich., a distance of about ten miles, united with the 
church. In June, 1845, the services of Rev. A. D. White, who came from the 
State of New York, were secured for one-half of his time — he preaching here 
and at Fawn River alternately once in two weeks. In October, of the same 
year, at the request of the church, the Synod of Northern Indiana transferred 
its connection from the Presbytery of La Grange to tiie Presbytery of Fort 
Wayne. Rev. Mr. White continued his labors until April, 1848. During his 
time, fifty-nine members were added to the church, nine by profession of faith, 
and the others by letter from other churches, they having immigrated to the 



124 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

county and settled here. In June, 1848, Rev. A. H. Kerr came as stated 
supply, and continued his labors until 1852. Up to this time this organization 
had no church building of their own, but held service, in common with the other 
denominations represented here, in the court house or school house. Rev. 
William Cathcart received, a call from the Presbytery, and was ordained and 
installed as pastor in 1854. He was the first regularly installed pastor of this 
church. On account of failing health, Mr. Cathcart resigned his charge in the 
spring of 1864, and was succeeded by Rev. A. D. F. Randolph, who continued 
until 1869. At the time of Mr. Cathcart's retirement, the membership was 
seventy-one. He died at Lima, January 1, 1870. Rev. Thomas E. Hughes, 
then pastor of the church at Constantine, Mich., received a call and became 
the settled pastor of this church, and remains as such at the present time. 
The membership is now 115. The present Elders arc Matthew McCoy, Ira 
Barrows, Dr. E. G. AVhite, J. F. Clugston and E. G. Machan. The Sabbath 
school, under the superintendency of E. T. Casper, numbers 115 scholars and 
twenty-one officers and teachers. The present house of worship was erected 
about 1853, at a cost of about §2,000. Having become too small for the in. 
creasing congregation, it has been sold, and an eligible site has been purchased 
on Michigan street, a short distance northwest of the court house, and arrange- 
ments have been perfected for the erection of a fine brick church building early 
in the spring af 1882. 

The Evangelical Lutheran Church, Mount Zion congregation, wa 
organized October 12, 1854, by Rev. George Walker, a member of the Witten- 
burg Synod, and was constituted with the following membership : ^Michael 
Hoff and his wife, Eliza ; Reuben Trcxler and his wife ; William Sigler and 
his wife, and Benjamin F. Hills. Mrs. Trexler and Mrs. HofiF have since died. 
Mr. Hills soon entered the ministry of the Lutheran Church, and preached for 
several years at Spencerville, and subsequently removed to Iowa. Mr. Walker 
was succeeded by the Rev. John G. Biddle, and during his pastorate the 
house of worship now occupied by this society was erected. It is a neat frame 
structure 32x46 feet, with a seating capacity of about 400. It cost $1,000, 
and is situated in Ellison's Addition, in the south part of town. Much of the 
labor performed in its construction was by Rev. Biddle, to whose zeal and un- 
tiring efforts is due mainly the success of the enterprise. The members of the 
church, and the citizens generally, contributed liberally toward this object. Mr. 
Biddle was the first regular pastor of this church. He died in Elkhart, Ind., 
while in charge, and the Rev. A. J. Cromer took his place. Rev. Jabez Shaflfer 
came to the charge in 1875, as pastor, and Rev. A. R. Smith in 1878, who 
continued one year. Rev. L. S. Keyser was chosen pastor, and commenced 
his labors in September, 1879. He resigned in 1881, for the purpose of com- 
pleting his theological course at Wittenburg College, Springfield, Ohio. Though 
but twenty-three years of age, he is a fluent speaker, and bids fair to become an 
eminent divine. The present pastor, the Rev. Levi Rice, entered upon his du- 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 125 

ties, preaching his first sermon on the Sabbath, October 2, 1881. The mem- 
bership is 200. The Sabbath school connected with this church, under the 
superintendency of Elmer R. Steele, numbers 104, and is doing a good work. 
The St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church Society was organized on 
Easter Monday in the year 1872. The first vestry was composed of the 
following-named persons : Rev. Wellington Fergus, ex oiBcio Chairman ; 
Messrs. B. B. Harris, Senior Warden ; Adrian D. Brown, Junior Warden ; 
Samuel K. Ruick, Treasurer; Charles F. Parry, Clerk. St. John's Chapel 
was erected in 1873-74, from plans furnicjhed by Rev. Forgus, and under his 
supervision, and was first opened for service on the 28th day of April, 18'i'4» 
the Right Rev. Bishop Talbott, of the Diocese of Indiana, assisted by Rev. 
Wellington Forgus, officiating. Mr. Forgus was the first rector. The parish 
is now in charge of the Rev. S. C. M. Orpen, with sixteen communicants. The 
Sabbath school is in charge of the pastor, and numbers twenty-five scholars. 
Ministers of other denominations have from time to time preached here, but 
have not succeeded in effecting permanent organizations. The first burial place 
for the town of La Grange was on about two acres of ground, including the 
site of the present school building and extending west, which served for that 
purpose up to about 1863, when removals were made to the present cemetery, 
which was laid out in 1863, and is a picturesque spot, situated about three- 
fourths of a mile south of the court house, on the road leading to Wolcott- 
ville, comprising five acres of ground inclosed by a substantial board fence, and 
covered with a natural growth of fine shade trees, and admirably selected for 
the purposes to which it is devoted. It is the property of the town corporation, 
and is controlled by the Town Council, who regulate the sale of lots, the pro- 
ceeds of which are devoted to the purposes of beautifying and keeping the 
grounds and improvements in order. 




CHAPTER VI. 
by john paul jones. 

Bloomfield Township— Physical Description — Natural Resoitrces— Fik.st 
Entry of Land— Names of Early Settlers— Life in the Backwoods- 
Wild Game— Mills, Stores, Blacksmith Shops, Etc.— Villages— Organ- 
ization OF THE Township— First Officers— Educational and Religious 
Interests. 

AT the May term of the Board of Commissioners, in the year 1835, an 
order was made creating a new civil township, comprising Congressional 
Township 37 north, of Range 10 east, to be called Bloomfield, and attaching 
Congressional Township 36, lying on the south, for judicial purposes. This 
provisional condition relating to the latter township continued until 1837, when 
a separation was made, by the erection of Township 36 into a distinct civil 
organization called Johnson ; this left Bloomfield independent as a township, 
lying east of and along the central line of the county, running north and south, 
and about one mile north of the center. It is bounded on the north by Lima 
and Greenfield Townships, on the east by Springfield, south by Johnson, and 
west by Clay. The physical features of Bloomfield present no very striking 
characteristics ; however, its surface is somewhat diversified, and, in common 
with other portions of the county, it has, along its water courses and near its 
lakes, considerable marsli. The southern portion, and extending into the cen- 
tral part, is quite rolling, and in some places hills of some elevation present 
themselves. The north part of the township is level, and of a sandy though 
productive soil. The most considerable stream that crosses its territory is 
Pigeon River, entering the township from the east, near the northeast corner, 
with its general course westerly across Sections 1 and 2, then to the northwest, 
passing out about one mile east of the center ; it has several, though quite small, 
tributaries, joining it as it passes across this township, which serve to drain tlie 
surplus waters in the vicinity. Fly Creek is a tributary of Pigeon River, but 
is independent so far as it bears relation to this township. It has several 
branches that largely form the natural drainage system of the township, and 
the two main streams have been, since the early settlement, of great importance, 
not only to this township but to considerable of the surrounding country, by" 
affording excellent water privileges, which have been improved and utilized for 
driving machin.ery, principally for saw and grist-mills, but in soite instances 
for other purposes. Fly Creek and its branches run to the north, forming a 
junction into one stream in Section 8, and passing through Section 5, across 
the north line of the township, and emptying into Pigeon River in Lima Town- 



^^&V-' 




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r, 



-"Vs^ 




M GRANGE 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 129 

ship, just northwest of Ontario. Thei-e are three bodies of water, wholly or 
in part within the township, of suf35cient magnitude to entitle them to be 
classed as lakes ; these are Fish Lake, Sloan Lake and Cline Lake, the two 
former being in the southeastern part. These lakes are the resort, in the 
proper season, for those in quest of piscatorial sport, as they have within their 
waters a goodly supply of fish. The lands of Bloomfield were surveyed in 
July, 1831, by George W. Harrison, Deputy Surveyor, and soon after thrown 
open to settlement; they were principally covered with a dense forest, consist- 
ing largely of oak, beech, hickory, ash, elm and walnut ; but the richness of 
the virgin soil was soon detected by the experienced eye of the venturesome 
pioneer, and the advantage of securing a land-holding within its borders was 
appreciated, as shown by the rapidity with which purchases were made, the 
greater portion being entered in the years 1834-35 and '36. The first tract pur- 
chased from the United States was entered at the Government Land Office in 
Fort Wayne, March 13, 1833, by Hugh R. Hunter, being the northwest quarter 
of the southwest quarter of Section 1, and now owned by Pitt Cook and Noah 
C. Fair. Only two persons in the township have the distinction of owning 
and still residing upon the land originally entered by them ; of these, Jacob 
Tidrick is by far the earliest. November 5, 1835, he purchased of the United 
States the southwest quarter of Section 7, where he now lives in the enjoyment 
of his possessions, the title to which would not be difiBcult to trace. Hezekiah 
Hoard, though purchasing later, forms one of the twain ; in 1851, he secui'ed 
from the State the northwest quarter of Section 16, it being a part of the land 
donated by the General Government for school purposes ; this tract he still owns 
and forms a portion of the well-cultivated farm on which he lives. John D. 
and Manley Richards entered the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of 
Section 13, twenty-five acres of which is still owned by Manley Richards. 
The first white settler in the township was, probably, David Hanson, who came 
in 1833, and settled on the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of 
Section 26. 

In the beginning of the year 1836, there were but thirty families resident 
within the limits of Bloomfield. Tliese were Caleb Jewett, Hart Hazen, a Mr. 
Townsend, Peter L. Mason, Amasa Durand, Ira Hays, Almon Lawrence, Cur- 
tis Harding, Palmer Grannis, Jacob D. Groves, Rev. Thomas B. Connolly, 
Joseph Welch, George D., Samuel and Daniel Carl, George Cooper, William 
Hern, Sr., William Hern, Jr., Moses J. Hill, Moses Newell Hill, Washington 
Adams, Elihu Champlin, Solomon Scidmore, Alanson N. Dewey, Levi Green, 
John Davidson, Joseph Davidson, Joseph Richards, Selah P. Benham and 
Thomas Newell. None of these are now living in the township ; thirteen died 
here, and the others moved away, some to the Far West ; the widows of three 
of them, however, are still residents here, Mrs. Harding, Mrs. Davidson and 
Mrs. Durand, now Mrs. McClaskey. This locality received the most of its im- 
migration — as did the greater portion of the county — from the States of New 



130 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

York and Ohio, and a few from Virginia and Maryland. Among the earlier 
settlers, and those coming in prior to the year 184'4, besides those already given, 
may be mentioned Zopher L. Scidmore, who was elected Sheriff of the county 
in 1854, and performed the duties of the office in a satisfactory manner; Nor- 
man Weir. Elijah W. Weir, Andrew Kilbury, Moses Marvin, Aaron Hill, Ivory 
Crandall, James D. and John R. Crandall. and a Mr. Green, who locatoi] in 
the eastern part of the township ; John Y. Clark, Christian Roop, and his sons 
Joseph and Benjamin, the Parkers, William and Hiram Jacobs, the Mattoons, 
in the central and southern part; Joseph Richards, Jacob Hoagland, Jacob 
Tidrick, Francis M. Price and John Preston in the northern part ; Daniel Sar- 
gent, Ira Church, Joseph and Jacob Mills and Reuben Hays in the southern 
part. George Holmes, Alexander Holmes, John M. and William Wigton, in 
the town of La Grange. 

The coming in of each family meant the erection of a cabin and another 
opening in the forest by the felling of the timber for a clearing, and a prepar- 
ation for crops. These clearings for the first year or two were usually limited 
to an acre or so planted to corn and vegetables with perhaps a patch of oats 
and wheat. To be successful in those days in raising grain and " garden truck " 
required eternal vigilance to protect them from the depredations of the wild 
turkey, deer, raccoon, squirrel and other pestiferous animals with whicli this 
county in the early day was fairly swarming. However, these, though pests in 
this respect, served a valuable purpose in affording almost the entire supply of 
meat to the settlers. In common with the experience of all frontiersmen in the 
settlement of a new country, the early settler here was subjected to many hard- 
ships and privations, and ofttimes the most heroic fortitude was required to 
overcome the seeming insurmountable obstacles. The products from the little 
patch of ground in the clearing, and the game that was brought down by the 
unerring rifle, afforded subsistence for the family. The spinning-wheel and 
loom supplied the cloth for clothing and household purposes, save, however, 
where the prepared deerskin and the furs from the fur-bearing animals were 
utilized. Luxuries were obtained at great cost, and many times at no small 
sacrifice. Groceries and the commonest kinds of merchandise were in those 
days catalogued as luxuries, only to be indulged in in the most sparing manner. 
Trading points were miles away through dense woods, without road or perhaps 
trail. Danger was upon all sides ; wild beasts were prowling around, maddened 
by hunger ; impassable swamps impeded progress, unbridged streams were 
almost insurmountable barriers, and only to be crossed — except by fording — 
with the possibility of the faithful horse and its rider being carried down by 
the rushing waters. The Indians, though generally friendly and harmless in 
this locality, were not always to be trusted, and to be intercepted by them was 
attended with an uncertainty as to results. The traveler without guide, and 
perhaps compass, was liable to lose his way and be overtaken by darkness ; 
these and many others were the surroundings to be taken into consideration 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 131 

when about to start upon a journey. In those days, the nearest trading-point 
of any considerable importance was Fort Wayne, Toledo, Hillsdale or Michi- 
gan City. To these points grain was hauled for marketing under the most 
trying circumstances, and at prices so insignificant the farmer of to-day would 
not consider it sufficient remuneration for the mere transportation to market 
over the best of roads. Yet, with all of these impediments to be surmounted, 
there was real and unalloyed happiness to be found in the pioneer's cabin. In 
those primitive days, their wants were of the simplest kind and in keeping with 
their surroundings. Society was upon a common level ; the only passport to a 
membership was good character ; even the want of this was not always taken 
into consideration. For the young man or the young woman to go to church 
barefoot was no disgrace ; for whole families to eat, sleep and live in one room 
was the rule, and to be in the enjoyment of more than that was the exception. 
The influx of settlers necessitated home industries, and a demand for milling 
facilities was among the first and themost important. In all communities, and 
upon all occasions, there are those, prompted partly by gain and partly by an 
accommodating spirit, who are ready to supply the wants. Saw-mills in various 
parts of the township were built at an early time. The first of tliese was put 
up by Daniel Harding in the year 1835, in Section 17, and though a rude 
affair was a great convenience to this advance guard of civilization. The Van 
Kirk Mill was built quite early on the farm now owned by Christian Miller, a 
short distance soutii of La Grange ; it was erected by Peter Prough, now a 
resident of Clay Township. Among others were Newton's Mill, built by Otis 
Newton, of Lima Township ; Green's Mill, now owned by Jonathan Dorsey ; 
and Hill's, all on Fly Creek, on the old Fort Wayne road. 

Ira W. Brown built the first steam saw-mill, on his farm, about three 
miles east of La Grange, and Jeremiah Outcalt the second, a short distance 
south of Brown's ; these are still in operation. Whilst these mills have been a 
great convenience to the community, and a source of profit in most cases to 
their owners, the effect of their existence is plainly manifest by the denudation 
of the land of the best timber afforded by the magnificent forest trees that once 
covered the township surface. 

Other callings of a lesser nature were prosecuted to meet the growing 
wants of the neighborhoods, and here, as elsewhere, the tastes of the people 
were not altogether agricultural. Some had learned trades before coming, 
others being handy at almost anything to which they might turn their efforts. 
They usually gave attention to such occupation as would offer the best remu- 
neration, and subserve the interests of those about them. David Hanson, the 
first settler in the township, was the first to manufacture brick, not only in the 
township, but in the county. Joseph Welch was the first cabinet-maker and 
undertaker, thus providing for the convenience and comfort of the living and 
the decent burial of the dead. Contemporaneous with the early saw-mills was 
Levi Green, the first carpenter; and before the development of "bog iron " as 



132 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

an industry in other parts of the county came John Hardy, who operated at the 
forge as the first blacksmith. Caleb Jewett was the first shoemaker to provide 
for the wants of the bare-footed denizens in his time. Moses J. Hill, as a 
physician, is said to have been the first to administer professionally for the sick. 

New communities, as well as old, require a civil organization and officers 
to execute the behests of the sovereign people and conserve the peace. Bloom- 
field having been organized into a civil township, an election was ordered to be 
held at the house of Moses J. Hill, on the first Saturday in June, 1835, for 
the purpose of electing a Justice of the Peace. Mr. Hill was appointed in- 
spector of said election, and was also elected as said Justice. A division of the 
township was made into two road districts. All the territory west of the middle 
line of Range 10 comprised the first, and all east of said line comprised the 
second district. William Hern was appointed Supervisor. The first general 
election for the township was held April 3, 1837, at the house of Abel Mat- 
toon, on the southeast quarter of Section 21. Solomon Scidmore, John David- 
son and Horace Bartine constituted the election board. Jacob D. Groves was 
elected Justice of the Peace ; George D. Carl, Constable ; William Hern, Jr., 
Inspector of Elections ; E. W. Weir and Daniel Carl, Overseers of the Poor ; 
Joseph Davidson and Alanson N. Dewey, fence-viewers ; John Davidson, 
Hiram Babcock and Marvin J. Hill, Supervisors. The young people in the 
primitive years of the township, in some essential particulars, were not unlike 
those of later times. Whilst in those days the young men and women were 
not being constantly "' mashed " on each other at first sight, as expressed in the 
modern vulgar vernacular, yet there were genuine love affairs ; and the courting, 
though from the very nature of the sun-oundings conducted under difficul- 
ties, was earnest and with a proper purpose in view — that of marriage and a 
prospective home, where each could be a source of aid and comfort to the other. 
Among the first legitimate results of these mutual admiration scenes in the 
township was the marriage of Moses N. Hill and Nancy Martin, January 28, 
1832, by Luther Newton, one of the Associate Judges of the county ; Wash- 
ington Adams to Miss Laura Hill, who were united by S. Robinson, a Justice 
of the Peace, at Lima, August 9, 1832. The license for the marriage was 
issued on the 18th of the same month, and was the first issued after the organi- 
zation of the county; Elijah W. Weir and Amy Hern, by Rev. T. B. Connelly, 
May 16, 1836. 

[In May, of the year 1836, William C. Tillman, proprietor, employed a 
surveyor, and laid out twenty-four blocks of twenty-four lots each, and nine 
blocks of twelve lots each, on the north half of Section 1, Bloomfield Township, 
and named the village thus founded Burlington. The proprietor was something 
of a speculator, at least he was a shrewd man, for, it is said, he had a large, 
beautifully colored plat of his village made, showing that it was located on the 
bank of the Pigeon River, which was represented on the plat as being of suffi- 
cient size to be navigable by the largest vessels. Armed with this map, and 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 133 

loaded to the muzzle with glowing metaphors in praise of his village, Mr. Till- 
man went East, and there exhibited the plan of his Western town, and suc- 
ceeded in selling lots (corner ones), to some six or eight families, and inducing 
them to move West to the village. When these families reached what their 
imaginations and the promises of Mr. Tillman had pictured as a fine growing 
village, they found the site to be in a swampy place, and half of the lots covered 
with water. The disappointment and dismay were complete. Not an effort, 
with one exception, was made to colonize the place, but all left for some other 
locality. One man made arrangements to build a house, obtained some lumber, 
and perhaps got the frame up, but soon abandoned the attempt, and the pros- 
pective Burlington was left to the sole habitation of the snakes, birds and batra- 
chians. — Ed.] 

The village of Bloomfield, now more generally known as " Hill's Corners," 
is in the eastern part of the township, on the old Fort Wayne Road, and was 
platted on the southeast quarter of Section 23, by Moses J. Hill and Ivory 
Crandall, September 14, 1836. It bid fair for a time to become a flourishing 
town, and was a rival for the location of the county seat ; but not succeeding in 
that, and the railroad having been located through La Grange, it failed to meet 
the expectations of its projectors, and still remains but a mere hamlet. 

The church interests of the township have principally centered in La 
Grange, the several denominations maintaining organizations there affording 
more satisfactory opportunity for the people in the country to worship accord- 
ing to their belief than could be secured in any other way. In the early days 
of the settlement of the country, itinerant preachers of various denominations 
visited the township and dispensed the Gospel at the cabins of the pioneers in 
the good old-fashioned way, when people cared less for style and more for the 
benefits derived than at the present day. Some attempts to maintain church 
societies have been made in the township, but with little permanent success. 
In 1835, the Rev. Thomas B. Connelly, of the M. E. Church, organized what 
was called the Bethel Church in his neighborhood, in the east part of the town- 
ship, with seven members — himself and wife, Jacob D. Groves and wife, Joseph 
Welch and wife, and Mary Groves. In 1852, this society built the Bethel 
Chapel, which was constructed of hewed logs, which was used by them for a 
place of worship until it fell into disuse for church purposes. Mr. Connelly 
was a native of Maryland, and came to this county in 1835, settling on a 
farm about four miles east of La Grange. He is described, by one who knew 
him well, as the embodiment of goodness, and as having " preached more ser- 
mons and visited more sick persons than all the other ministers combined." 
The school opportunities of Bloomfield Township are on a par with those through- 
out the county, and varying in no essential particular from the regular district 
school system. The first schoolhouse in the township was built of logs in the 
spring of 1838, on the southeast corner of Section 23. The school was taught 
the ensuing summer by Miss Almira Crandall, now the wife of Ebenezer Hill, 



134 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 



and living in the township near Hill's Corners. Malcolm Burnett taught the 
school the winter following. Among the earlier teachers in the township were 
Rev. T. B. Connelly, John Rhodes, R. C. Blackman, Miss Griffith and Miss 
Weir. The number of schoolhouses and schools now in the township, exclusive 
of the town of La Grange, is nine ; pupils enrolled, 169 males and 150 females. 
The school buildings are generally neat and commodious, and are furnished with 
school furniture and apparatus of the modern style, the schools generally being 
conducted in a satisfactory manner. 



CHAPTER VII. 

bt weston a. goodspekd* 

Lima Township— The Pioneers— Catalog cje of Eakly Settlers— The Red 
Race— First Land Purchased in La Grange County— Interesting In- 
cidents—Founding OF Lima Village— Outline of its Growth— Manu- 
facturing Interests— Village of Ontario— Its Industries and De- 
velopment—The Lima Seminary— The La Grange Collegiate Insti- 
tute—First School in the County— Education and Religion. 

LIMA TOWNSHIP justly enjoys the distinction of having been the site of 
the first white settlement in La Grange County. Benjamin Blair, Nathan 
Fowler, Jason Thurston, William Thrall and Jonathan Gardner located within 
the limits of the township prior to the spring of 1829, and it is quite certain 
that the first three were residents of the township in 1828. Benjamin Blair, 
who moved from Ohio to Southern Michigan in about August, 1828, did not 
remove to Lima Township until November or December of the same year. 
During the interval he selected his land, now the Craig farm, a mile west of 
Lima Village, and erected thereon a small log cabin. At the time his family 
moved into this unpretentious domicile, the families of Nathan Fowler and Jason 
Thurston were already occupying a small log dwelling situated on the north side 
of Crooked Creek, and almost directly north of Lima. Both families, though 
small, were occupying one small room — the only room of the dwelling. To 
render the situation more trying at the time the Blairs appeared, a small child 
of the Thurston family died, and its corpse was lying in the cabin when the 
Blairs first occupied their new home. This was, unquestionably, the first death 
in the township. In 1829, there came, among others, Moses and lea Rice, 
William Gardner, Arthur Burrows and very likely several others. Among the 
earliest were Lemuel Fobes, John Hewett, John Kromer, Thomas Gale, John 
Gardner, Miles Bristol, Mr. Horning, Mr. Sinclair, Nathaniel Callahan, Fred- 
erick Hamilton, T. R. Wallace, David Smith, Daniel Fox, Almon Lawrence, 
Micajah Harding, Moses Price, Andrew Newhouse, Clark Classon, William 
Leverick, Daniel Davis, Lewis Switzer, William Adair, John Adams, John and 
Asa Olney, Nathan Jenks, John B. Howe, Christopher Cary, George Egnew, 
Oliver Classon, Nehemiah Coldren, Luther Newton, Elisha H. Shepard, Mat- 
thew Hall, Joshua T. Hobbs, Samuel P. Williams, John Jewett, Andrew 
Crawford, David Jewett, Cornilius Gilmore, Nathan Corwin, Robert Brecken- 
ridge, Stephen Corwin, George Latterar, William McCoy, Lorenzo Bull, Ben- 
jamin Corder, John C. Kinney, Robert Hamilton, William Hamilton, Jacob 
Sidener, Michael Riley, Jonathan Stephens, Sylvanus Halsey, E. A. Brown, 
Abbott Fleming, John Trask, Sydney Keitli, John G. Lewis, Peter Miller, 
Samuel A. Howard, Jesse Ingraham, Hiram Harding, Daniel Harding, Enoch 

* Portions of the facta contained in this chapter were compiled by John P. Jones, J. C. Kinney and others. 



136 HISTORY OK LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Layton, Joseph Leverage, Augustus Hewins, Seth Tucker, William Whitney, 
John Taylor, Thomas Lock, Ralph Herbert, Merriam Fox, Joseph Keir, Will- 
iam A. Mills, C. K. Shepard, Emilius Bartholomew, Richard Ferry, Joseph 
Kerr, T. J. Spaulding, L. P. Hutchinson, Jeremiah C. Robbie, Isaac AVallace, 
William T. Codding, Robert B. Minturn and Dickinson Miller. Some of these 
men did not reside in the township except, perhaps, for a short time. 

It is a matter of regret that the names of all the earliest settlers cannot 
be given. No one seems to have had either time or inclination to keep a 
record of early events, and the familiar proverb, " What is everybody's business 
is nobody's business, " is thus verified. For an indefinite period preceding the 
occupation of the county by the whites, the site of the village of Lima was a 
well-populated and widely-known Indian village. Here large numbers of Pot- 
tawatomies had congregated for many years, as was shown by the well-culti- 
vated garden near by, and the large number of deeply-worn trails which 
seemed to center from all directions upon " Mongoquinong," as a local point. 
Notwithstanding the ravaging effects of time, some of these trails may yet be 
seen in the vicinity of Lima; and where the village now stands, especially the 
northwestern part, the corn-hills hoed up by the Indians more than half a cen- 
tury ago are yet easily traced. The old settlers say that, growing from the 
sand in the western part of the village was quite a large orchard that had been 
planted either by the Indians or the French traders, or (who shall say not?) 
" Johnny Appleseed." The trees, though seedlings, furnished, in some cases, 
excellent fruit. From reliable authority, it is certain that Mongoquinong Vil- 
lage contained an Indian population of several thousand before the white race 
had entered Northern Indiana or Southern Michigan. While, so far as known, 
the French traders erected no store building at the village, nor perhaps estab- 
lished no constant trading-point there, yet it is certain that the French were 
often there with Indian trinkets and supplies, strapped in packs on the backs 
of ponies. These traders were accustomed to travel from village to vil- 
lage, remaining several days at each point, where their goods were displayed in 
some rented wigwam, and sold or traded for all kinds of valuable furs. As 
the Indian's standard of the measure of values differed essentially from that of 
the trader's, and that of the latter was in all cases used, it is not to be won- 
dered that the red men were fleeced to an almost unlimited extent. As 
the settlers began to appear in Northern Indiana, the Indians began to scatter 
and retire, until, in 18*28, perhaps no more than about thirty wigwams were 
standing at Mongoquinong. Even these had been removed somewhat farther 
west, and scattered for some distance along Pigeon River ; in truth, the place 
scarcely looked like an Indian village. The large population seemed to have 
been parceled out among the number of lesser chiefs, and to have been thrown 
out upon their own resources, as small bands were to be found every few miles, 
on every stream. Mrs. (Blair) Eno says that her ftither, Benjamin Blair, dur- 
ing a portion of the year 1829, permitted I'ia Rice to sell whisky to the In- 




ti-^ 



LA GRANGE 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 



139 



diana in the cabin of the former. One day a very thirsty Indian pledged his 
blanket for a drink of whisky. The blanket was thrown for safe keeping upon 
the roof of the cabin, but after a few hours it had mysteriosly disappeared. 
The Indian had undoubtedly taken it, and thus succeeded in getting his liquor 
for nothing. To make good the loss, Mrs. Rice poured two or three pailfuls of 
water in the barrel. This was the beginning of quite an extensive barter with 
the Pottawatomies at the village. The trade was carried on through the 
years 1830 and 1831, in a small building that had been built for the purpose. 
Mr. Rice sold whisky, blankets, beads, tobacco, powder and lead, or ex- 
changed them for furs. The Indians were peaceable, except when inflamed 
with passion while under the influence of whisky. An Indian one day became 
80 incensed at Mr. Rice that he raised his rifle and fired at him, but luckily 
missed the mark. They were consummate beggars, and were often extremely 
skillful in their efforts to secure coveted articles from the whites. They would 
quietly enter cabins without warning or invitation, seat themselves usually on 
the floor and light their pipes. In cold weather, they were often permitted to 
roll themselves in their blankets and sleep upon the floor by the fire until morn^ 
ing. Sometimes the floor was covered with them. Many interesting inci- 
dents might be narrated if space permitted. No serious outbreak ever occurred, 
though an occasional knock-down would take place. At the time of the Black 
Hawk war in 1832, the Indians were somewhat excited ; but this was owing to 
the possibility of their being drawn into the fray, not against the whites, but 
against the Sacs and Foxes. In about the year 1839, the Indians were removed, 
and were not afterward seen at Lima, except an occasional straggler who had 
sorrowfully returned to view for the last time the happy home of his youth. 

The following were the only tracts of land in the county entered during 
the year 1831, all in the present Lima Township : 



NAMES. 



William Gardner 

Robert Hamilton 

Same 

Daniel Fox 

Same 

Benjamin Blair 

Francis Blair 

Frederick Hamilton 

William Thrall 

William Thrall and John \ 

Gardner j 

John Gardner 

Nathaniel Callahan 

AsaOlney 

Ami Lawrence 

Obadiah Lawrence 

John Cook 

Richard Smart 

John Olney 

Peter I'rough and Jacob 1 

Sidener ) 



Section. 


Town- 
ship. 


Range. 


24 


38 


9 


13 


88 


9 


1?. 


38 


9 


1.3 


38 


9 


36 


38 


9 


25 


38 


9 


26 


88 


9 


26 


88 


9 


25 


38 


9 


24 


38 


9 


28 


38 


9 


17 


38 


9 


18 


38 


9 


18 


38 


9 


18 


38 


9 


17 


38 


9 


17 


38 


9 


19 


38 


9 


12 


38 


9 



Location. 


Acres. 


N. E. j 


160 


N. * S. E. i 


80 


E. JN.E. J 


80 


S. J S. E. } 


80 


W.i.N.W.J- 


80 


N.W.i 


160 


E. JN. E. 


80 


W.iN.E. :■ 


80 


E. J N. E. i 


80 


S. E. J 


160 


W.JN.W.J^ 


80 


W.JS. W. 


80 


E. iS W. ■ 


80 


E. J S. E. J 


80 


VI. iS. VfA 


80 


E. i S. W. A 


80 


W. iS. E. ; 


80 


E. J N. W. '- 


80 


f fraction'! ) 
\ section ( 


100.30 



Date. 



March 31 
March 31 
March 31 
March 31 
March 31 
April 29 
May 7 
iMay 7 
May 16 

May 28 

May 28 

June 13 

June 13 

June 13 

June 1 3 

June 23 

June 23 

June 27 

Oct. 10 



Number of 
Patent. 



568 
569 
570 
571 
572 
649 
658 
659 
665 

720 

721 
921 
922 
923 
924 
934 
936 
940 

1065 



140 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

"At the session of the Board of Commissioners of the county, commencing 
May 14, 1832, it was ordered that the county be divided into two townships, 
all the territory west of the center line of Range 10 to constitute a township 
known as Lima, and all the territory east of such line to be known by the 
name of Greenfield. Benjamin Blair was appointed Assessor for Lima Town- 
ship. At the same session an election for townsliip officers was ordered 
held on the second Saturday in June of the same year. Lemuel Fobes 
•was appointed Inspector of the election. Micajah Harding, Sr., and 
William Adair were appointed Overseers of the Poor ; Andrew Crawford and 
John Jewett, Fence Viewers ; Clark Clossen and Andrew Crawford, Constables. 
The township was divided into four Supervisor districts in .January, 1833. 
Daniel Harding, William Thrall, Arthur Burrows and John Jewett were ap- 
pointed Supervisors. As the other townships were created, Lima was grad- 
ually cut down to its present size and shape."* 

Thomas Gale and George Egnew each had a store in the township before 
goods were sold in the village of Lima, except by the Rices. As the estab- 
lishment of the Rices could scarcely be called a store, these were the first two 
in the township. Both men kept a few notions and groceries and a small 
stock of dry goods. How long Mr. Egnew continued is not remembered, but 
Mr. Gale, some time during the year 1833, removed his stock to what is now 
Lima. He increased his goods until they were probably worth $1,500. This 
■was the first well-patronized store in the township. In October, 1834, the vil- 
lage of Mongoquinong (now Lima) was laid out by John Kromer, Surveyor, 
and Moses and lea Rice, proprietors. Lots to the number of 286 were laid 
■out, and eighty-four of these were given to the county in consideration of 
having the county seat located there. A public square was donated, as were 
also two acres in the southern part for a cemetery. In April, 183G, Samuel P. 
Williams, who was destined to figure prominently in the affairs of Lima, laid 
out an addition to the village on the north. He laid out twenty- four blocks of 
ten lots each, two blocks of sixteen lots each, and three blocks of eighteen lots 
■each, and also donated a block for a public park or square. The growth of 
Lima between 1832 and 1838 was very rapid, and it even continued to grow 
and thrive until the county seat was removed to La Grange, and various 
branches of business had sprung into life there. As soon as the county seat 
was established at Lima, lawyers and constables and judges began to appear. 
John B. Howe, one of the clearest and most profound thinkers ever in North- 
ern Indiana, appeared in 1833, and began the practice of law. Old settlers 
tell the writer that John B. Howe had no equal at the Lima bar in early years 
for lucid, cogent and logical argument. In the presentation of a legal proposi- 
tion, no matter how intricate and baffling, he could make the simplest auditor 
understand him. If any doubts existed as to his unusual ability in this par- 
ticular, they would at once be removed by the perusal of his publications on 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 141 

the subject of that blindest and most complex of all questions — finance. 
There is not a superior thinker in the county. 

The presence of such men at Lima could not but result in benefit and 
general prosperity. This will more clearly appear as the reader continues. 
Among the men who have sold goods of various kinds in Lima, have been in 
nearly the following order : lea Rice, Thomas Gale, Jonathan Woodruff, George 
Egnew, Seth Tucker, Jonathan Stevens, Gale & Woodruff, John Cook, Woodruff 
& Kellogg, Albert Powell, Nathan Merriraan, Elias S. Swan, Gale & Williams, 
Delavin Martin, Harrington Bros., King & De Puy, William M. Holmes, Mr. 
Case, Kinney & Powell, Richard M. Fury, H. W. Wood, Hobbs & Gardner, S. 
M. Cutler, John Trask, Powell & Haskins, Hill k Morrison, Nichols &. Smith, 
Woodruff & Morse, Morrison & Beecher, Jewett & (somebody), Mr. Kane, 
Joseph Wright, J. R. Kirby, H. J. Hall, Mr. McBride, Mr. Wicker, Bar- 
ber <& Wolcott, Durand & Shepardson, Jewett & Rawles, Rawles & Hull, A. 
Atwater, Mr. Searing, Mr. Shoop, A. W. Beecher, Cooper & Thompson, Ste- 
phen Cooper and others. One of the best (if not the best) stores ever in Lima, 
was kept by Gale & Williams, and afterward by Samuel P. Williams. It was 
opened in the spring of 1837 with a general stock valued at $20,000. The 
goods were purchased in New York, shipped by the Erie Canal to Buffalo, 
transported by vessel to Michigan City, and then hauled in wagons to Lima, 
tlie freight bill alone amounting to $3,000. In 1839, Mr. Williams purchased 
his partner's interest and continued the business on a gigantic scale until 1853, 
when he sold out to Jewett & Rawles. Owing to the scarcity of money in 
early years, sales were usually a sort of barter, and from this fact merchants 
were compelled to take certain kinds of produce for their goods. Mr. Will- 
iams took large quantities of pork, wheat, butter, eggs, etc., shipping the 
same by wagon to Eastern markets. Live hogs were bought, butchered and 
salted down during the winter months. Running accounts were opened with all 
the settlers whose credit was good, ami a large proportion of the pay was taken 
in the products of the farm. Merchants usually went East twice a year for 
their goods, and necessarily had to buy at one time enough to last them six 
months. Mr. Williams at one time bought nearly $25,000 worth of goods. 
It is impossible to tell all the hardships met by the settlers owing to the lack 
of money. They often came with the most pitiful stories to the merchants in 
hope that the latter would assist them. Merchants made their calculations to 
lose a certain per cent of their sales. Lima was the center of a trade extend- 
ing over a tract of country fifty or more miles in diameter. One day. Phi- 
lander Isbell, of Noble County, a young man who had married but a few 
months before, came to Mr. Williams, told him in confidence that he had no 
money, nor property that could be readily converted into money, stated soberly 
that he expected an increase in the family soon, and must have a few necessary 
articles for the prospective mother and child. Becoming satisfied that the 
young man had told him the truth, Mr. Williams gave him what he wanted, to 



142 HISTOaY OF LA GRANGE COtTNTY. 

tlie amount of about $10. A year or two later the supplies were paid for, and 
nothing further was heard of the affair, until a short time ago, when Mr. Isbell, 
who is yet living, related the circumstance to Mr. Williams, and said it was the 
greatest favor he ever received from any one. Thousands of instances, show- 
ing the trials of early years, might be mentioned. The other early merchants 
of Lima had an experience similar to that of Mr. Williams. Delavin Martin 
had about $12,000 worth of goods, and several others owned nearly as much . 
In 1829, Moses Rice erected a small log dwelling in the southern part of what 
is now Lima. This was the first. Arthur Burrows was licensed to keep a tav- 
ern in 1833, it being the first in Mongocjuinong, as Lima was then called. 
Mr. J. P. Jones says the name was changed by special act of the Legislature 
in 1833 or 1834. Court was held in the houses of Thomas Gale, Arthur Bur- 
rows, Moses Rice, Mr. McNeal, David St. Clair and perhaps others. The 
land upon which the village stands was held jointly by the Rices and Jonathan 
Gardner, and was purchased of the Government August 29, 1832. Not more 
than eight or ten families resided in the village in 1832, but within four years 
the population had reached over two hundred, and in 1840 was probably about 
three hundred and fifty. The population probably at no time reached 450. 
Nathan Merriman opened a tavern in 1835. The old court house was used as 
a tavern after 1844, for a time, by Dr. F. F. Jewett ; it was finally destroyed 
by fire. Henry W. Wood and Warren Lee kept the Lima House where the 
Kingsbury House now stands ; it was burned, as were also all the buildings on 
the east side. The loss was about §10,000. The present block on the east 
side was erected in 1860, by Samuel P. Williams, John B. Howe, Samuel Bur- 
nell and G. J. Spaulding, at a cost of some $18,000. Howe and Williams 
built the Kingsbury House at the same time, at a cost of about $8,000. Mr. 
Crandall conducted this house before it was purchased by M. Kingsbury. 
Among the Postmasters have been Thomas Gale, George Egnew, J. Whittaker, 
C. Ward (a man who robbed the mail and was prosecuted), John Moore, S. 
M. Cutler. J. S. Castle, F. F. Jewett, Mrs. Wicker, A. C. Van Arnum, Mr. 
Strong, A. M. Kromer, W. H. De Puy, Mrs. L. Wicker. Among the physi- 
cians have been Elias Smith, B. Smith, Mr. Alvord, J. McCelvy, C. A. Mont- 
gomery, George Dayton, Mr. Hughes, George Palmer, C. C. Holbrook, W. 
M. Fox, Mr. Parish, Mr. Bossinger, T. J. Hobbs, Mr. Sanger, William McCue, 
Mr. Goodrich, Mr. Grifiith, Charles Thompson, F. F. Jewett, G. P. Fletcher, 
Mr. Pary, Whitefeather (an Indian doctor), Mr. Jones, Mr. Arnold and Mr. 
White. Cornelius Gilmore is said to have been the first blacksmith. The old 
jail is yet standing on the southwest corner of the square. The Cooper store 
building is quite an old one. The brick block on the north was erected in 
1878. Its proprietors are C. S. Atwater, A. W. Beecher and the owners of 
the bank. 

In about 1838, David Pucket began manufacturing furniture, which he 
continued quite extensively several years. The same year Wright >& Drake 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 143 

erected and began conducting a wagon factory, employing from twelve to 
twenty hands, and continuing a number of years. In about 1850, Lyman 
Wilcox was conducting an excellent cabinet-shop. He turned out a considera- 
ble quantity of furniture, making a specialty of bedsteads. Nathan and Will- 
iam Place also manufactured wagons, together with coffins, etc., carrying on 
the business eight or ten years, beginning about 1840. Theodore Moore, in 
about 1840, manufactured gloves and moccasins, dressed deer skins, and made 
robes, etc. In about 1845, Richard and John Salmon erected a wooden 
building, converting the same into a foundry. Here they began manufacturing 
all kinds of general castings, and quite a large number of plows, that were 
largely used in all the surrounding country. They employed about a dozen work- 
men. In about 1849, Samuel P. Williams purchased the entire business, but 
soon afterward sold to Taylor & Vance, who, a little later, sold to Hill & Tay- 
lor, the latter firm conducting the enterprise successfully for many years. Mr. 
Keith is the present owner of the factory, which is yet doing good work. 
Other men have owned and conducted the foundry, among whom are Hawks k 
Co., Woodruff & Morse, and Gore & Hardesty. Bar-iron was manufactured 
from bog-ore obtained in some of the neighboring swamps, and a portion of the 
iron thus obtained was so tough and malleable that it was used for horseshoe 
nails and steam boilers. Some of the owners have shipped large quantities of 
ore. Hawks & Co. kept a store to supply their workmen with goods, etc. In 
1870, the Star Grist-Mill was erected on Crooked Creek, two miles northwest of 
Lima, by Post & Torry, in which were placed two sets of buhrs. A little 
later, S. Flusher bought the mill, and soon sold an interest to Mr. Arnold. 
Another set of stones and a turbine water-wheel were added. W. T. Miller 
began, in about 1837, to manufacture wagons, continuing the business some 
twenty-five years, turning out about thirty vehicles per annum, on the 
average. John Taylor also followed the same occupation in an early day. In 
about the year 1886, Albert Powell erected a distillery on the bank of " Still " 
Lake, named thus from the location of the distillery. No very large quantity 
of liquor was made there, although that which was distilled is said to have 
been of excellent quality. This statement is clearly proved by the rapid dis- 
appearance of the whisky as soon as made. The business soon passed to the 
ownership of Hiram Harding, and later to H. W. Wood, who removed the still, 
and began to manufacture potash on quite an extensive scale, continuing as 
long as ashes could be obtained cheaply. A Mr. Hort manufactured the pot- 
ash. The corn, or other grain, used in this distillery was mashed by hand, 
some four men being employed. In about 1845, William Marten erected a 
distillery in Lima. Ten or twelve workmen were employed, and from 15,000 to 
20,000 bushels of grain were annually consumed in the manufacture mostly of 
what were called " high wines." Several teams were constantly employed to con 
vey the liquor to market. One set of 44-inch buhrs was used to grind the grain. 
Two teams were necessary to draw the wood used, and four or five coopers were 



144 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

employed to make barrels to contain the liquor. From thirty to sixty head of 
cattle and about two hundred hogs were fed largely from the refuse of the dis- 
tillery. This was, in many respects, the most extensive industry ever in Lima. 
After about twelve years, the building was rented by Robert Triplettand Samuel 
Ruick, who carried on the same business for a few years, after which Mr. Bur- 
dick took control. But the enterprise was soon abandoned, Mr. J. H. Ladd 
placing in the building a turning lathe, though at the end of a year this busi- 
ness was discontinued. 

In about 1838, Follet & Johnson built a tannery at Lima, sinking some 
fifteen or twenty vats. They dressed large quantities of skins, selling the 
leather both at home and abroad. Mr. Sering began making chairs about 
thirty years ago. The old saw-mill at Lima was built in 1831, by Lewis P. 
Judson, probably, but in 1833 it was destroyed by fire. About the time the 
saw-mill was built, or perhaps a little later, Mr. Judson and William A. Mills 
erected the grist-mill that, under many alterations, is yet doing good work. 
The mill was conducted by Palmer Grannis in 1887. The mill in its day has 
been a good one, and has been a great accommodation to the citizens of Lima. 
Two sets of buhrs were placed in at first. Many have conducted the mill ; but 
all who tried to carry on a merchant business, with few exceptions, have been 
bankrupted. When the old saw-mill was burned, another soon took its place. 
One was built in about 1846 by Samuel Howard for John B. Howe. In 1847, 
Alphonso Martin built a saw- mill in Lima, but soon afterward sold to S. M. 
Cowley. It was finally thrown down by having its supports washed away by 
the water. It is probable ttat Mr. Judson erected the saw-mill that took the 
place of the one destroyed by fire, at the same time he built his grist-mill. 
Attached to the Martin Saw-Mill was a shingle factory, by Alvaro Hunter ; 
also a lath-saw by S. M. Cowley. Palmer Grannis conducted the saw-mill at 
the "Lima Mills, " and might have erected the same. About the same time, 
John Shortell was conducting a harness-shop there. A man (the name is with- 
held) erected a building 16x26 feet, near the mills, designing the same for a 
store. Dry goods were placed therein, and, for a time, things went on nicely ; 
but suspicion fell upon the man. and his building was searched, whereupon 
three sets of counterfeit dies, two for quarter dollars and one for half dollars, 
were found, together with about half a peck of half-finished bogus coin. Some 
of the finished article was also found, which could not be distinguished by 
novices from the genuine coin. It was reported that some of it had been 
passed upon the agent at Fort Wayne for lands, and that he took it for genuine 
money. The building was transformed, first into a schoolhouse, and afterward 
into a dwelling now occupied by Mr. Doll. In 1883, a brick-yard was opened, 
and a kiln burned on the bank of Pigeon River, half a mile west of Lima: but 
the soil was such that the bricks were worthless, as they fell in pieces within a 
short time. Later, another kiln was burned a short distance southwest of the 
old foundry. 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 145 

In 1854, Samuel P. Williams and John B. Howe founded the La Grange 
Bank at Lima, receiving a charter under the free banking law of the State, and 
having a circulation of about $70,000. A good banking business was done 
until 1857, when the bank became a branch of the State Bank of Indiana, with 
a capital stock of $150,000, which was owned by twelve men, among 
whom were John B. Howe, Samuel P. Williams, Samuel Burnell, James B. 
Howe, Thomas J. Spaulding, S. Halsey and Philo Nichols. The bank 
sustained itself easily, and the stockholders realized handsome revenues. 
In 1862, in accordance with Congressional enactment made at that time, the 
institution became a National Bank, with about the same stockholders, with a 
capital stock of $100,000, continuing thus until 1880, when a private banking 
business was begun. The same stockholders, a number of years ago, founded 
the National Bank at Sturgis, owning a controlling interest in the stock, and 
also bousht largrelv of the stock of the National Bank at Coldwater, and of 
other banks. The bank at Lima is firmly founded, and has the unlimited con- 
fidence of the public. 

The village of Ontario was laid out by Nathan Jenks, proprietor, early in 
March, 1837, on the southwest quarter of Section 33. There were laid out 
twenty-three blocks of ten lots each, two blocks of five lots each, two blocks of 
six lots each, and a public square. In June, 1844, Mr. Jenks made an addi- 
tion to the village of ninety-five lots of the usual size, and seven large lots, 
four of which were north of the river. The addition was laid out between the 
original town and the river. The first settler on the present site of Ontario 
was George Latterer, who built a log cabin in 1834. During the same year, 
or perhaps during the early part of 1835, Henry Lake and Mr. Gibson 
also located there in small, rude log dwellings. At about the same time, J. 0. 
Kinney and Mr. Hubbard, from Blissfield, Ohio, settled on the north bank of 
the river, and began building the dam, which was finished after a great deal of 
hard labor ; when it was completed, which was the same season, a saw-mill was 
immediately built on the south bank, having one of the old-fashioned up-and- 
down saws. About this time, or a little later, a Mr. Allen came there from 
Ohio, with a small set of " niggerhead " buhrs, and effected a contract by 
which the power operating the saw-mill was also connected by belts with the 
machinery which ran the stones. Here was ground the first grain in Ontario. 
Allen had hard luck for some time ; he suffered with ague and fever, and lost 
money, and thus became so discouraged that one night he took the pillow 
case from under his head, went down to the mill dam, filled the case partly full 
of sand, tied it up and attached it with a stout cord to his person, and plunged 
into the mill-flume. He was found dead in the flume early the next morning 
by Mr. Kinney's son, who was sent to call him to breakfast. His clothes and 
hat were first noticed lying on the bank. The old saw-mill was quite well 
patronized, the work being done mostly on shares. Elisha Thorp, who hauled 
logs there with a team consisting of six ponies, owned a wagon, the wheels of 



146 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

which were made of huge, solid, wooden cross-sections of some large log. In 
1836, Nathan Jenks purchased the mill property, at which time he stated that 
it was his intention to secure an act of the Legislature to charter a company 
who should bear the expense of conducting the water-power created by the 
dam at Ontario, from the latter place, through a long race, to Lima. The act 
was passed by the Legislature, the location of the race was staked off, sub- 
scription books were opened and liberally signed by the citizens of Lima ; but 
for some reason unknoivn to the writer, and to most of all the old settlers, Mr. 
Jenks subscribed a controlling interest in the stock, and abandoned the project 
without further ado, crreatly to the regret of Lima. It is thought by the 
writer that, as Mr. Jenks was dissatisfied about this time with the offers made 
him by Lima to induce him to locate the '" La Grange Collegiate Institute " 
there instead of at Ontario, and as he refused to accept their proffered assist- 
ance as being not an adequate consideration, this had something to do with 
his action in canceling what had been done toward continuing the water-power 
to Lima. 

The real facts could not be ascertained why Mr. Jenks so completely 
'•squelched " the work on the race. It is also stated that, about this time, the 
surveyors of the proposed Buffalo & Mississippi Railroad surveyed a route east 
and west, a short distance south of Ontario, and that Mr. Jenks thought that, 
by building up Ontario at the expense of Lima, he could, in the end, succeed 
in securing the removal of the county seat from the latter village to the former ; 
and that, therefore, he located the Institute at Ontario, set aside the work on 
the race, and did all he could to kill Lima and infuse vitality into Ontario. 
In that day, as steam had not come into general use in mills, a good water- 
power was alone sufficient to insure the building of quite a town. More on 
this subject will be found in other parts of this volume. 

Mr. Jenks built the present mill-race at Ontario and, in about 1843, 
erected the large grist-mill, that, in its time, was one of the best ever in the 
county. It cost about §10,000. The building was four stories in height and 
in it were placed four sets of French buhrs. Others were afterward added. 
The mill was so well patronized that it was found profitable to run it day and 
night and two sets of mill hands were employed. The work increased until 
some thirty thousand barrels of excellent flour were shipped, by wagon, to 
market in one year. This infused life into various other industries, such as 
cooper shops, stave factories, etc. Ontario grew very rapidly at first. C. W. 
Wilson probably erected the third or fourth house in the village. Mr. Codding 
also erected an early one. In 1838, there were living in the village -the families 
of Messrs. Salmon, Seymour, Mills, Hawley, Bassett, Jenks, Wilson, Doolittle, 
Codding, Field and five or six others. However, two or three of these were 
unmarried. In 1840, at least twenty-five families lived in Ontario, represent- 
ing a population of about 120. Perhaps at no time has the population ex- 
ceeded 300. 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 147 

In August, 1838, Jenks & Fields built a storeroom and began selling goods 
from a stock valued at about §5,000. They were purchased in New York, 
shipped to Toledo, and from there drawn to Ontario by wagon. At the end of 
two years, Nathan Jenks sold his interest to W. C. Jenks, and two years 
later the goods were sold at auction. Boyd & McUoy conducted a good store 
about this time. Jenks & Wright opened a store about 1843, with about $1,000 
worth of goods. ■ They dealt in cattle, losing considerable money, and closed 
their store, in consequence, two years later. Robert Dykes began selling goods 
in about 18-14, from a stock worth probably $6,000. This was about the best 
store ever in Ontario. Hestus & Hamilton owned a store in the village. 
Among other merchants, have been Charles and Anson Vaughan, George Mal- 
low, Aaron Mallow, John Scott, Rufus Herrick, Jenks & McKinley, Turley & 
Parish, William Scott, Mr. Dickinson, W. H. Hendricks, and Timothy Field, 
who again began eleven years ago, continuing until the present. The Vaughan 
boys conducted a good store. George Mallow was shot by Stephen Jenks (not 
a relative of Nathan Jenks). The cause is not clearly known. Jenks was tried 
for the crime, convicted and sentenced for life to the penitentiary. Warren 
Green was probably the first Vulcan in the village. Doolittle, Wilson, Bassett 
and Mills were carpenters, and the first. Among the village physicians have 
been Messrs. Bassinger, Dayton (a good one), Sargent, Jenks, Evans, Pendle- 
ton, Jenkins and Newton. 

Ontario saw its best days between 1850 and 1864. Franklin Duncan 
opened a hotel not far from 1840. L. M. Abbott did the same about six or 
eight years later. Ontario was the northern terminus of the famous plank 
road that was built about 1848-49 and kept up some ten or twelve years. 
George Mallow sold liquor at an early day. Alanson Beers was the first Post- 
master. Uncle Sam's agents since then have been Robert Dykes, James 
Turley, Mrs. Farrand, 0. W. Parish, Henry Grannis and Timothy Field. 
Charles Miller owned a fine hotel, which was destroyed by fire. The Good 
Templars organized a lodge in about 1856, continuing two or three years. 

A little later than 1860 (Henry) Jenks & McKinley purchased the grist- 
mill owned by Nathan Jenks ; but three years later, Henry Jenks sold his 
interest to his partner. The mill was finally mortgaged to Mr. Blodgett, into 
whose control it passed in about 1878-79 ; but it soon after was purchased by 
Alexander Beach, upon whose hands it burned down about a year ago. This 
was a serious loss, not only to the owner but to the village. In 1842, L. M. 
Abbott erected a woolen factory, the entire cost, including the water-power, 
etc., amounting to about $10,000. The building, three and a half stories 
high, and thirty-six by forty feet, alone cost $6,000. Two sets of machines 
for custom work were placed in the building, as was also one fOr the manufact- 
ure of flannels, fulled cloths, satinets, cassimeres, etc. From 8,000 to 10,000 
pounds of wool were handled annually, the work being done mostly on shares. 
The various kinds of cloth were kept for sale in a small storeroom. After 

H 



148 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

four years, the factory was bought by Nathan Jenks and Andrew Dutcher, who 
added several power-looms and other machinery. They continued from three 
to five years, and then rented to James Scott, who continued on through the last 
war, making a great deal of money. At the close of the war, between $5,000 
and $6,000 worth of new machinery took the place of the old; but hard times 
came on, and the factory was mortgaged to Dr. Dayton, and perhaps others. It 
finally went to Dr. Dayton, who rented it to Chapman & Chess. Two years 
later, Joseph J. Scott rented it, and about the 1st of January, 1882, bought it. 
Charles Doolittle, who owned part of the water-power, built a cabinet shop not 
far from 1847. He made a goodly number of bureaus, chairs, tables, bedsteads, 
etc., and added a turning lathe. Daniel McKinley, about the same time or a 
little later, built a tannery on the race, and sank some twenty-five vats. He 
dressed large quantities of skins, and in the upper story of the building manu- 
factured boots and shoes. George Mallow also conducted a tannery, employing 
about four workmen. It was afterward owned by Sol. Liphart, and later was 
turned into an ashery, where potash was manufactured. Argus McKinley 
erected a small building on the race, not far from 1850, and began manufact- 
uring buckskin gloves, mittens, etc. ; his sales running up during the year to 
about $4,000. He carried on the business three or four years. The old tan- 
nery was finally turned into a barrel-stave factory. He made large numbers o 
excellent flour barrels that were used in the grist-mill. Keith & Son trans- 
formed the old shoe shop into a sash, door and blind factory. John Shingler 
manufactured wagons ten or twelve years. In about 1850, Carlos Jenks and 
a Mr. Wright opened a factory for the manufacture of saleratus from potash 
and pearlash. But little was done, however. About the same time, or perhaps 
earlier, Carlos Jenks attempted to introduce the manufacture of silk. He 
planted mulberry seed to raise plants, the leaves of which were to be used 
as food by the caterpillar of the silk moth Bombyx mori. Punce of this moth 
were obtained from Roop & JMosher, who came from the East ; but about this 
time neither the mulberry seed nor the fwpce did as had been expected, and 
within two years the whole project was abandoned. It was about this time that 
the locust tree {Robinia pseudacicia) was introduced into the county for the 
first. The first newspaper in the county was published at Ontario, and after- 
ward at Lima. Full account of this will be found elsewhere. Charles Doolit- 
tle has resided in Ontario longer than any other person. He has for many 
years been dealing in furniture, for the manufacture of which he has a shop. 
George Mallow conducted a tailor shop in the village about forty years ago. 

In 1833, a small log schoolhouse was built about a quarter of a mile south- 
east of Lima. Here it was that John B. Howe taught the first school in the 
county. The house was a most rude affair, with three or four small windows, a 
huge fire-place and a few rough desks and benches. Some eighteen or twenty 
scholars were in attendance, and the teacher was paid some $10 or $12 
per month for his services. Mr. Howe says that the funds from which he was 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 149 

paid were either raised by ordinary taxation, or from the sale or other disposal 
of Section 16. It was not a subscription school. AM accounts and reports 
agree in saying that Frederick Hamilton taught the second term in the same 
house. After about 1835, no other terms were taught there, but school was 
held in several vacant buildings. At last, a frame schoolhouse was erected 
where the depot now stands, and was used until the beginning of the last war. 
Among the early teachers at Lima were T. H. Codding, Nelson Prentiss, Rev. 
Christopher Cory, Mr. Seymour, Hugh Hamilton, William Hamilton, Miss 
Sarah Smith, Miss Eunice Moore, Miss Laura Brown, Mrs. Dr. Butler and 
others. Before the house at the d^pot was built, school was held, among other 
places, at Mr. Cory's residence, in the Presbyterian Church, in the court 
house, and in private dwellings. After the county seat was removed to La 
Grange, the court house was used for a schoolhouse, and for a hotel. Among 
the teachers were Miss Julia Sanborn, Mrs. J. M. Flagg, Miss Almena Mason 
and Miss Lucinda Keith. The teachers were usually paid by rate-bills. The 
house at the depot was built with funds donated by S. P. Williams, John B. 
Howe, H. W. Wood, Abram Nipp, William Ligraham, J. C. Kinney and 
others. It cost about $500. On one occasion, this building was struck by 
lightning during a thunder storm, while it was filled with children. The 
building was shattered, and about a dozen of the children scattered. Two boys 
were quite badly burned, but soon recovered. 

In 1855, Samuel P. Williams, assisted somewhat by the citizens, erected a 
frame building at a cost of $2,500, designing the same for a young ladies' 
seminary. Miss Eliza Dimond, a graduate of Mount Holyoke Seminary, and a 
lady of unusual talent and culture, was employed to take charge of the sem- 
inary. She was assisted by Miss Julietta L. Oaks, and by Miss Mary A. 
Sherring, teacher of music and drawing. Mr. Williams collected the tuition, 
and paid Miss Dimond about $300 per annum. The school was barely self- 
supporting. Miss Dimond fixed the tuition as follows : Common Eno-Jisk 
branches, §3; higher English branches, $4 ; Latin (extra), $2; French (extra), 
$2 ; penciling, $2 ; Monochromatic, $5 ; Crayolithic, $7 ; Pastel, $7 ; piano, with 
use of instrument, $10 ; melodeon, with use of instrument, $10. Miss Dimond 
was one of the many young ladies sent out to teach by Gov. Slade, of Connec- 
ticut. From twenty-five to sixty young ladies were in attendance. Mr. Will- 
iams donated the land where the house stood to be used only for school pur- 
poses, in any other case to revert to himself. In 1862, the seminarv was sold 
to the village, and used as a public schoolhouse until the present fine school 
structure was erected at a cost of over $20,000. It was built in 1874-75, 
The funds to build the house were raised by issuing certificates, drawing inter- 
est, to be paid from school-money, obtained by levying a tax on the property 
of the township not to exceed a certain specified per cent per annum. The 
house has already cost twice as much as was expected, and several thousand 
dollars are yet to be paid. Mr. Howe gave $2,500 toward the house in addi- 



150 HISTORY OF LAGRANGE COUNTY. 

tion to his tax. Mr. Burnell also gave liberally. The house is one of the 
finest in Northern Indiana. Lima has always had good schools and good 
morals. 

In 1835, a small log schoolhouse was built at what afterward became On- 
tario. It was a small, insignificant-looking structure, and was located about 
twenty rods southwest of the present mill-dam. The seats were slabs, with 
long wooden pins, driven into auger holes, for legs, and the desks were made by 
driving strong pieces of wood horizontally into mortises in the walls, the other 
end being su])ported by a strong leg, and a slab being placed upon two of these 
contrivances, to be used as desks. A huge fivo-place graced one end of the room, 
the smoke and flame passing up a broad chimney built of sticks and plastered 
with clay mortar. The first teaciier was an English lady from White Pigeon, 
Mich. She taught twelve or fourteen scholars until within a short time 
before the close of her three months' term, when the house was destroyed by 
fire. In about 1840, a small frame schoolhouse was built in Ontario at a cost 
of $500. It was used until a few years before the last war, when the present 
two-storied frame building was constructed. It cost about $800, and, though 
remodeled several times since, is yet in use. About the year 1836, or a little 
later, Nathan Jcnks founded the "La Grange Collegiate Institute." The iilea 
had its origin at Victor, N. Y., as early as 1835, at which place it was resolved to 
establish such an institution somewhere in the West, by a number of prominent 
men, among whom were Nathan Jenks, Elisha Dickinson and others. A number 
of these men came to the vicinity of Ontario during the year 1836, where tiiey 
purchased land and settled. Here the plan was perfected to build a literary 
institution modeled after the then Oberlin Institute of Ohio. So far as known, 
the first public meeting was held at the residence of Lewis Vance, Lima, on the 
6th of February, 1837, at which time it was resolved, "that, in view of the pros- 
pects before us, we are warranted in undertaking to establisii a literary institution 
to be located in this neighborhood, to be denominated the ' La Grange Collegiate 
Institute.'" Joshua T. llobbs, Natiian Jenks, Mills Averill. Elisha Dickinson, 
Thayer H. Codding, Ansel Dickinson and Rev. John J. Shipherd were selected 
and recommended as a Board of Trustees. At this meeting, offers of assistance 
of money, lands and labor were freely given, and the outlook seemed promising. 
At the same time a prospectus was framed and adopted, setting forth that the 
institution should be modeled after the Oberlin Institute, that its course of instruc- 
tions should embrace five departments, as follows: A preparatory or academ- 
ical school, a collegiate course, a full theological course, an irregular, or shorter 
course, for those advanced in life or in peculiar circumstances, and a thorough 
course of female education ; that " the several courses of study should be de- 
cidedly of a Christian character, to the exclusion of demoralizing pagan authors 
and sectarian principles;" that the manual labor system should be incorporated 
in all the scientific departments; and that "a liberal charter should be obtained 
<i!S soon as may be, empowering the trustees to fill their own vacancies." It was 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. ' 151 

also decided that the institute should be founded upon this, that " corporate 
bodies and public institutions, no less than individuals, are bound to do right, 
irrespective of worldly expediencies, popular favor, or any consequences. There- 
fore, this institution will allow free discussion and openly sustain the great moral 
enterprises of the day, such as revivals, temperance in all things, the sanctifi- 
cation of the Sabbath, moral reform, Christian union and human rights under 
whatever color or circumstances. As this is a great work of public utility, 
which cannot be done by individual enterprise, the liberal co-operation of the 
philanthropic and pious is solicited." Two days later, the trustees located the 
proposed institute at Ontario, just across the line, in Bloomfield Township. 
Nathan Jenks had at his disposal $5,000 (whether his individual property or 
that of the men in the East is not known), which he offered as a conditional 
subscription toward the erection of the building, provided an additional $10,000 
could be raised by the citizens. In May, 1837, it was ordered that a frame 
building, 18x26 feet, be erected, to serve as a workshop for the erection of the 
main structure and to be used later as a preparatory school-room and dormitory. 
In this building C. W. Wilson and his wife, Beulah Wilson, taught during the 
winter of 1837-38, the lady continuing until July 4, " when that terrible sickly 
season came on, stopping all business before the 10th. From the 20th, there 
was only one man — Mr. Salmon — able to go round to the fifteen or eighteen 
families, and he only just able to carry a pitcher of water to each."* Mr. and 
Mrs. Wilson also taught the succeeding winter in the same building. During 
the year 18-37, the funds were secured, and in June such advance had been 
made that it was determined to erect a frame building, 50x60 feet, three stories 
in height. The frame was raised about the Ist of August, but the building was 
not wholly completed until 1840. It was used, however, in 1889. During the 
years 1837 and 1838, strong inducements were held out to the founder to in- 
duce him to locate the institute at Lima. He was offered thirty village lots, 
an eighty acre tract of land at half-price, adjoining the village, for a site, 
besides a considerable sum of money, grain on the ground, etc., privately sub- 
scribed by the citizens of Lima. This offer was rejected, but was afterward 
somewhat favorably reconsidered, when some changes were made in the offer, 
until finally the negotiations ceased and the house was finished at Ontario. The 
following proceedings relative to this topic are recorded on the trustees' books: 
"This proposition not being considered equal to Nathan Jenks' pledge of 
$10,000, and in view of our having a flourishing school in operation, number- 
ing from fifty to sixty students and a building erected worth about $4,000, the 
proposition was rejected by a unanimous vote." On the 13th of February, 
1840, the incorporating act passed by the Indiana Legislature was approved by 
the Governor. Nathan Jenks, Joshua T. Hobbs, Thayer H. Codding, Aaron 
Thompson, Rev. Christopher Cory, Joel K. Salmon, Cyrill W. Wilson, Charles 
Mosher and their associates and successors were created a body politic and cor- 

* C. W. Wilson, Rockford, ni., May, 1872. 



152 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

porate, to be styled the '"Board of Trustees of the La Grange Collegiate Insti- 
tute." On the 21st of October, 1839, the institute was formally opened by 
W. J. Baxter, Principal, in charge of the then only course — Preparatory. The 
building cost about $4,000. The $10,000 (only partly paid) raised by sub- 
scription in 1866-67 was employed as an endowment fund, drawing interest, 
and as fast as the notes were redeemed the money was reloaned. In this man- 
ner, and by means of a small tuition and the rent of lands, buildings, etc., the 
expense of carrying on the school was defrayed. From 25 to 125 students were 
in attendance annually during the continuance of the institute, and more than 
2,000 names of students are on its catalogue. The Principals in charge of the 
institute were as follows: Cyrill W. Wilson, 1838-39, one year; Witter J. 
Baxter, 1839-40, one year; Rev. John D. Skelly, 1840-41, one year; Rev. 
Julius Steele, A. M., 1841-42, two terms; Henry Steele, 1842, one term; 
Rev. William Jones, A. M., 1842-44, one and one-third years; Edward Brown, 
1843, one term ; Rufus Patch, A. M., 1844-49, five and one-eighth years ; Rev. 
A. H. Kerr, A. M., 1849-50, two terms; Rufus Patch, A. M., 1850-56, six 
years; Rev. Henry C. Morse, A. M., 1856-57, one and one-third years ; A. G. 
Van Etten, 1858, one term; Frank Cotton, 1859-60, one year; interregnum, 
one and one-half years; Rufus Patch, A. M., 1862-79, sixteen years. 

It may be justly said that the institute, during the long period of its con- 
tinuance, did a great deal for the morality and education of La Grange County. 
Its presence at Ontario attracted wide attention, and directed capital, intelli- 
gence and energy to that point, that otherwise would have passed oni;o distant 
places. Ontario became noted for its thrift, intelligence, morals and general 
excellence. Its literary societies are highly spoken of, and are remembered as 
sanguinary ground for the intellectual encounters that occurred. Neighboring 
towns were green with jealousy, and coveted the really excellent effects the 
presence of the Institute insured. 

" With the multiplication of village high schools, and the improved 
facilities for imparting classical instruction in the preparatory departments of 
neighboring colleges, the field of patronage of the Institute at length became 
so limited that its affairs were placed in the hands of a receiver and wound up 
in 1881." 

* " In the month of July, 1832, Rev. Christopher Cory preached in 
Lima, in the open air, having a stump for his pulpit. From this time onward 
he continued his labors, preaching in private houses, schoolhouse and elsewhere, 
until November, 1833, at which time he organized the Presbyterian Church of 
Lima. The first members were Samuel Cory, Phebe Cory, Mary A. Cory, 
Aaron Cary, Phebe Gary, Abigail McNeal, Elizabeth Blair, Anna Blair, 
Elizabeth C. Blair, Martha Gale, Catherine P. Judson, Emeline Cory and 
Elizabeth Miller. Samuel Cory and Aaron Cary were elected Elders. Rev- 
Mr. Cory continued his pastoral labors, and by 1834 had organized two or 

♦John P. Jonea. 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 153 

three other societies in other neighborhoods. By 1839, some 149 persons 
had been received into the church, many of whom were dismissed to form the 
other societies. Rev. R. L. Sears took charge of the Lima society in 1842 ; 
After him came Revs. S. E. Lane, H. C. Morse and D. C. Meeker. The 
first church, a small frame, was dedicated February 15, 1848. In 1855, the 
membership was 72. Rev. A. S. Wells was pastor in 1851 ; after him came 
Rev. Lewis Hamilton, who, a short time ago, was killed in Colorado by a 
switch-engine; Rev. B. Farrand was pastor for a time, beginning in 1859, and 
continuing until 1864 ; then came Rev. W. Pattinson, who served until 1869 ; 
then Revs. C. M. Temple, T. E. Hughes, J. M. Drake ; and T. E. Hughes 
since 1873. Present membership, about 70. The Sabbath school numbers 
about 150 ; -W. B. Cory, Superintendent. 

" Rev. Leonard B. Gurley organized the Methodist Church, at Lima, in 
the house of Robert Hamilton, in 1831 — the first religious society organized 
in the county. The class consisted of six members, two of whom were Robert 
Hamilton and wife. Ministers served the society regularly, and the class grew 
and thrived. The church was built in 1847 ; present membership is 70 ; 
Rev. J. K. Watts, Pastor; Mr. Duck is Superintendent of the Sunday school. 
Rev. R. S. Robinson was pastor in 1836 ; then came Revs. G. M. Beswick, 
Erastus Kellogg, Warren Griffith, Mr. Sanford, R. C. Weeks, G. M. Boyd, 
William Jenkins, Wade Posey, L. L. Allen, Enoch Holdstock, G. H. Hard, 

W. J. Forbes, J. C. M , E. Doud, W. B. Storux, J. P. Jones, Benjamin 

Winans, I. M. Stagg, J. J. Cooper, E. S. Preston, Emanuel Hall, W. S. 
Birch, Isaac Ayres, D. P. Hartman, Thomas Colclazion, J. P. Force, W. F. 
Hemminway, G. W. Newton, C. P. Wright, J. Edwards, A. V. Gorell, J. P. 
Greer, and the present minister, Mr. Watts. 

" The Baptist Church at Lima was organized in the schoolhouse, Sep- 
tember 24, 1846, with fourteen members — Enoch Leighton, Phebe Leighton, 
Josiah Shumway, Lydia Shumway, Oliver Smith, Polly Smith, Abbott Flem- 
ing, Margaret Fleming, Cyrus Sprague, Oliver Cowan, Sally Cowan, Charlotte 
Flagg, Margaret Winnie and Mary J. Thrall. Ten of the above are dead. 
The society occupied the schoolhouse until 1853, when their present house of 
worship was erected. The following ministers have served the society : 

Revs. Cook, Spear, Fleming, Fish, Bailey, Briggs, , Chaffee, Lamb, 

Keene, Latham, Stevens and Childs. Accessions to the society, 129 by bap- 
tism ; 104 by letter and experience ; removals by death and dismissal, 193. 
Elder A. Fleming served the class from 1851 to 1855, the longest pastorate. 
In 1853, Elder D. S. Dean, evangelist, held an important revival, many join- 
ing, and the other societies sharing in the results. Elder Fleming preached 
the first sermon in the church. In 1881, he preached in the same house the 
Garfield memorial sermon. 

" Bishop Philander Chase was the first minister of the Protestant Episco- 
pal Church who preached in Lima. He was the first Bishop of the Diocese 



154 



HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 



of Ohio. He preached at Lima aa early as 1834, but resided in Michigan. 
In 1836-37, Rev. Mr. Wiiitesides preached every alternate Sunday at Lima. 
The church was establisiied at Lima in 1851, and the church building erected 
in 1852. The first settled minister was Rev. John 0. Barton. 

" The Congregational Church at Ontario was first organized as a Pres- 
byterian Church in April, 1840, by Revs. Stephen Thompson and Christopher 
Cory. The change in the form of government was made in March, 1843, by 
a unanimous vote of the members. It, however, retained its connection with 
the Presbytery until 1854. For fourteen years, services were held in the chapel 
of the institute. In 1854, the present church building was erected. Some 
200 accessions have been made to the membership, seven of whom have become 
ministers. The resident pastors have been Stephen Thompson, D. M. Bard- 
well, C. M. Morehouse, A. G. Martin, H. C. Morse, E. Halliday and W. E. 
Catlin. The following Presbyterian ministers also served the society : A. S. 
Wells, Lewis Hamilton, B. Farrand, W. Pattinson and J. M. Drake. Great 
revivals were held by Morehouse, Farrand and Pattinson. 

" The nucleus of what is now the Methodist Church at Ontario was 
formed by the organization of a class consisting of eight members, by Rev. G. 
M. Boyd. Charles Doolittle was one of this number, as were also Joseph 
Wilson and wife. Services were held in the institute and in the public school- 
house until the erection of the present church. Rev. H. B. Hunt preaches to 
the class every alternate Sunday. Lima Township is well supplied with 
religious privileges." 




CHAPTER VTIT. 
by weston a. goodsi'eed. 

Johnson Township— The Earliest Settlers— The First Election— The 
Tamarack— Wright's Corners and Valentine— Incidents and Advent- 
ures—Rise AND Subsequent Growth of Wolcottville— Industrial 
Interests— The Wolcottville Seminary— Miss Susan Griggs— Educa- 
tion and Religion. 

JOHNSON is decidedly the lake township of the county. No other has 
such a number nor such a variety, as there are some fifteen either wholly 
or partly witliin the township limits. Oliver Lake is the largest, covering 
about six hundred acres, while Adams is perhaps second in size, though 
Witmer and Atwood are almost as large. Several of them have fine 
gravelly, or sandy, shores, and all are bordered by beautiful clusters of oak, 
maple or beech. There is great diversity in the soil which, in some places, is 
deep and black, like that in States farther west, while in other places it is 
sandy, gravelly, or even stony. 

Nelson Nichols and Peter Larapson were the first two settlers in the town- 
ship, both coming in June, 1834:, the former entering his land (160 acres on 
Section 31) on the 23d of the same month, and the latter (eighty acres on Sec- 
tion 33) on the 30th. .John Adams came to the township in November, 1834, 
entering his land (on the shore of the lake that took its name from him) on the 
15th of the same month. These three were the only men who entered land in 
Johnson Township prior to January 1, 1835. Levi Wright came to the township 
in the foil of 1834, but did not enter any land until February, 1835, at which 
time he purchased eighty acres on Section 13, and, within the next two years, 
over three hundred acres more. The following men also entered land in the 
township in 1835 : Samuel Benham, Peter Tillipaugh, George Walker, John 
Hughes, Jeremiah Bidwell, Robert Meeker, John Doty and Robert Latta. 
Several of these men never resided in the township. Daniel iVIartin was in the 
township in the fall of 1834, but he entered no land. Five men were present 
and assisted in the erection of Mr. Wright's cabin in the fall of 1834 ; they 
were John Adams, Nelson Nichols, Peter Lampson, Daniel Martin, and an- 
other whose name is forgotten. From the above it may be seen that Mr. 
Wright either built his house before he bought his land, or his daughter, Mrs. 
Vaughan, is mistaken when? she says the house was erected during the autumn 
of 1834. It is probable that the house was built in 1834, as stated. Follow- 
ing the above men, there came in Thomas Oliver, Philo Taylor, two or three 
Indian traders at the Tamarack, George Wolcott, Henry Nichols, Almon 



156 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

White, Hiram Gardner, James Campbell, John Benham, Simeon Cain, John 
and Abraham Rowe, Allen Brundage, Stephen Pierce, William Dickinson, 
Thomas Koon, Nathan Sherman, William Hardin, Abraham Eiman, Charles 
Doty, Aaron Hill, John Parker, Abraham Brayton, George Dickinson, Samuel 
Barnes, Ozias Wright, Levi Wildman, Thomas Higgins, Mr. Olin, James 
Oliver, Selah Benham, Joseph Caswell, Anthony Dickinson, James Dunbar, 
Erastus Disbrow, William R. Hill, Samuel Koon, Henry Miller, Hiram 
Meeker, William McCollum, Ira Nichols. George Noble, James Parker, Ross 
Romine, Phineas Tillotson, William Taylor, John Vaughan, Alexander 
Vaughan, Isaac Wright and others, all locating in the township prior to 1840. 
The township of Johnson was created at the March session, 1837, of the 
County Commissioners, and an election was ordered the first Monday in April 
of the same year, at the residence of James Campbell, Hiram Humphreys being 
appointed Inspector by the board. At this election, James Campbell was 
elected Justice of the Peace ; but who the other officers were is not remembered. 
Before the creation of the township by the board, Johnson was attached to 
Bloomfield for election purposes. During the years 1836 and 1837, the greater 
number of the above men bouglit their land, and began the long and tedious 
process of clearing. It is stated by several old settlers, and currently believed 
in the township, that the first settlements of whites was at the Tamarack, as 
it was called, in the southeastern part. This seems to be confirmed by the 
statements of those who passed through the place at a very early day. The 
facts seem to be about as follows: As early as 1833, and perhaps 1832, the 
trading-house of Comparet & Bowrie, or Comparet & Cuttieaur, at Fort Wayne, 
sent to the Tamarack one or more Frenchmen to open a trading station with 
the Indians. A small cabin was at first built, but later a double log building 
designed for a hotel was erected, in which the traders had a small stock of 
goods, including whisky, which they sold to the Indians, who often came there 
in great numbers. A man named Runeaux was one of these traders. He is 
said to have been a brother-in-law of Comparet. After his death, which oc- 
curred quite early, his widow (Comparet's sister) conducted the tavern for the 
Fort Wayne firm. This tavern was built of tamarack poles, six or eight inches 
in diameter, and was known far and near as the " Tamarack House." In July, 
1836, Burris & Duraud, or Burris & Hitchcock, built a dam and saw-mill just 
south of the Tamarack House. It was a small, rough frame structure, in which 
was placed a sash saw and an old-fashioned flutter wheel. The water-power 
was not very good, and the mill, at its best, could not turn out to exceed about 
1,500 feet of lumber per day. Hiram Hardy was one of the sawyers. The 
mill was owned by these men until about 1838, when it and the land around 
there were purchased by Comparet, who, a short time afterward, opened a 
good store in another building that was erected. During the time the saw-mill 
was owned by Burris & Co., the Tamarack House was also conducted by Mr. 
Burris. His wife, in his absence, tended the bar. It is related that one day. 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 157 

while she was thus engaged, several Indians came to the tavern bar and bought 
and drank some whisky. One of them soon became half tipsy. He saw Mrs. 
Burris leave the room for a moment, going into the other part of the house on 
an errand, and when she attempted to open the door on her return, the tipsy 
Indian, who had stationed himself behind it, struck at her with his knife. But 
she was too quick and dodged the stroke, at the same moment leaping behind 
the counter and catching up a rifle that was standing loaded there. The In- 
dian had sense enough remaining to know what was coming if he remained 
there, so, without waiting for the "order of his going," he ran out of the door 
and off at full speed. Mrs. Burris ran to the door and fired at him, but, of 
course, missed the mark, and the redskin was soon out of sight in the woods. 
The others were ordered out, and peace was soon restored. 

In 18-1:4, Comparet erected the grist-mill that is yet standing, dismantled 
and abandoned, on the south side of the river. It was a three-storied frame 
structure, and, in its day, was an excellent mill, turning out large quantities of 
excellent flour. It is said that Miss Jane Creigh, of Noble County, made the 
first bolting cloths. At the death of Mr. Comparet, the property went to his 
sonj, and, in 1856, was purchased by 0. P. Grannis, in whose possession it 
remained until 1879. It is said that, in 1866, the mill cleared for its owner 
$3,000. In about 1845 (or at least just before his death), Comparet built tlie 
second saw-mill near the old one. At his death, his goods were sold out at 
auction. The Tamarack, in later years, became a noted resort for the blacklegs, 
as they had their hiding-places in the swamps and marshes in the vicinity. 
Stolen horses were brought to the vicinity and secreted. Passers of bogus coin 
and counterfeit bills found it a safe place when closely pursued. Men living in 
the neighborhood assisted them in the concealment of stolen property and the 
disguise of their personal identity. Tamarack was truly a bad place. 

When the first settlers reached Johnson Township, they found it a tangled 
wilderness, filled with wild animals and semi-wild men. The latter had quite a 
large temporary village on the west bank of Oliver Lake. They mingled freely 
with the white settlers, going to the cabins to barter, to beg or to borrow. 
They often stopped to stay all night and were perfectly satisfied to roll them- 
selves in their blankets and lie down until morning before the fire-place. Two 
of them, one cold night, called at the cabin of Thomas Oliver, and asked to 
remain until morning, and was granted the privilege. Mr. Oliver was engaged 
in some sort of work in his cabin that required the assistance of two additional 
persons. He therefore enlisted the two Indians, placing them so near the fire 
that in a short time they were reeking with sweat. At last the work was fin- 
ished. The next morning, Mr. Oliver concluded he wanted more help from 
his red brethren, as he had several instruments to be sharpened at the grind- 
stone. So he called upon them to turn the stone, but the Indians, true to 
their habits, shook their heads, wrapped their blankets around them and walked 
away. They did not bother Mr. Oliver again. They were in the habit of 



158 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

bringing venison to the settlers' cabins. This was traded for potatoes, beans, 
pumpkins, corn, etc. Occasionally a bear steak was brought in. Bears were 
rarely seen, but sometimes stragglers passed across the township, several of 
which were killed. It is said that Serenus Heibargen and Henry Randall 
were out hunting deer one morning after a big snow, when they came across a 
fresh bear track. They started in pursuit and finally found the animal in the 
middle of a swamp. They fired, badly wounding it, and, after a little chase 
succeeded in getting in a couple more shots which finished the animal. The 
meat was divided up among the settlers. It was quite a thing to have bear's 
lard in the house. One night after Mr. and Mrs. Oliver had retired, the lat- 
ter was awakened by a strange noise in the door-yard. She arose, went to the 
door and peered out, and saw that the yard was full of deer, whose broad ant- 
lers could be seen against the sky. She told her husband, who got up and 
dressed, took his gun, and going to the door, shot one of the largest, where- 
upon the whole herd, including the wounded one, ran oif at full speed. The 
next morning a large fine buck was found lying dead a few yards outside the 
dooryard. Mr. Oliver, one day, had a severe fight with a wounded buck. He 
shot it through the hips, and the animal fell on the ground, to all appearance 
dead. Mr. Oliver, without loading his gun, hurried up to cut its throat, and 
while leaning over the prostrate animal for that purpose, was suddenly kicked 
back by the deer, the knife flying oif several yards. The furious animal leaped 
up on three legs, and with head down, made at the hunter. The dog of the 
latter came to his assistance. Mr. Oliver seized the buck by its antlers, and, 
by a little maneuvering, succeeded in getting his knife, whereupon he immedi- 
ately ham-strung the enraged animal. It fought on after that, standing only 
on its fore legs, but it was soon dispatched. It is related that Abraham Eiman, 
one day, set out a fire in the woods which soon got beyond his control. The 
roaring flames swept southward and soon the Indian village went up in smoke. 
It is stated that the fire swept upon them so closely as to destroy some of their 
property. This roused them into retaliating for the injury done them. A 
band of warriors presented themselves at the residence of Mr. Eiman, demand- 
ing where the latter could be found, but they were informed that he was not 
there, although at that moment he was under the floor. Mr. Eiman kept close 
watch for several days until the wrath of the Indians had subsided. Many 
more incidents similar to the above might be narrated. An amusing story is 
told of an old settler, not a thousand miles from Valentine, who shall be name- 
less here. He was out in the woods one evening just at dark, several miles 
from home. Being a timid man and unused to the ways of the woods, his fears 
were naturally on the alert as he hurried on toward home. Two of his neigh- 
bors, who had been hunting and had become somewhat belated, saw him hurrying 
along, without being perceived by him. and knowing his disposition and weak- 
ness, resolved to give him a scare. They therefore began to imitate the howl of 
the gray wolf. This had an instantaneous effect on the settler. He glanced 



T"J 








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JOHNSON TP. 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. • 161 

wildly around him. and then started on a rapid run in the direction of his 
cabin. The others followed fast after him, howling frequently, which had the 
efiFect to greatly accelerate his traveling qualities. Excellent time was made 
through the woods until the settler arrived panting and tired at his own door, 
announcing that he had been chased by wolves and that he had just escaped 
their clutches by the " skin of his teeth." The story is told at the expense of 
the old settler even to this day. 

Levi Wright entered his land in the vicinity of Wright's Corners, named 
thus in his honor. He had considerable property, and. as a matter of course, 
had considerable influence. A few years later, Joseph Head erected a house at 
the corners ; and still later Mr. Kimble built another, which was thrown open 
for the entertainment of the public. In about the year 1847, Vaughan & 
Wildman opened the first store at the corners. Their stock was worth several 
thousand dollars, and comprised about everything sold at that day in country 
stores. They did not confine their entire attention and capital to the store ; 
but bought considerable country produce, which was shipped to distant and 
larger places. They also dealt to some extent in live stock, buying the same 
from the settlers living over an extensive scope of country. It is said they 
made no little money in these various transactions. Two or three years after 
they had begun, Wildman sold his interests to his partner ; but the latter con- 
tinued until about the year 1851, when he, too, retired from the business. Con- 
trary to the usual condition of things, Mr. Wright was averse to the establish- 
ment of a small village at the corners. Mechanics and artisans applied to him 
for lots upon which to build their shops ; but he obstinately refused to sell, and 
was thus the means of preventing the growth of quite a village at that place. 
Had he encouraged its growth, as he alone could, the Grand Rapids & Indiana 
Railroad might be running through the place to-day. In spite of him, a small 
country village sprang up, and has endured until the present. Other mer- 
chants have been Messrs. Adams, Crandall, Strayer, and the present one, Mr. 
Woodruff'; there have been times when there was no store. A post office was 
established quite early. Some milling intei'ests have been established there in 
late years. Mr. Wright kept some twenty cows, and his wife manufactured 
butter and cheese. In 1836, Mr. Wright procured about fifty apple trees and 
a number of currant bushes from a nursery on one of the neighboring prairies. 
These were set out at the corners, and, so far as known, were the first of the 
kind planted in the township. The population of the village has never exceed- 
ed eight or ten families. It has a fine schoolhouse and a fine church, which 
will be described further along. 

Valentine is yet in its infancy. Barney Newell lived in the present Val- 
entine House years before the village was thought of. Some twelve years ago, 
or immediately after the Grand Rapids Railroad was completed, Sergeant & 
Clugston built a saw-mill at the place. Steam and double circular saws have 
been used. The mill has been an excellent one. It was conducted by Ser- 



162 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

geant k Clugston until about two years ago, when the latter sold out to his 
partner. George Hobson obtained an interest in the mill a year ago. A con- 
siderable quantity of lumber is shipped away by rail. They are manufactur- 
ing a small quantity of lath at present. Some six or seven years ago. Albert 
Scoville, of Sturgis, xMich., erected a large frame building and began the man- 
ufacture of all kinds of wooden handles and staves for barrels, kegs, butter- 
tubs, etc. Four or five car loads have been shipped annually. A planing-mill 
is connected with the factory. Leonard Butts has obtained an interest in the 
business. In 1 87-4, William Painter placed a stock of goods (no dry goods), 
valued at about $800, in the office of the present Valentine House. In 1877, 
when William Rowe opened his store, Mr. Painter disposed of his stock, and 
retired from the business. Rowe had some $700 worth of goods. He did not 
remain long, and was succeeded by James D. Clugston, who, with a stock 
worth about $1,000, remained about a year. Then Oscar Gardner was in with 
a stock about a year. He was succeeded by Albert Markel. Clark Belts is 
merchandising at present. The mercantile pursuit at Valentine has been ex- 
tremely fickle and uncertain. William is at present conducting a shoe-shop. 
George Slack was the first blacksmith in the village. William Painter opened his 
hotel (Valentine House) in 1874. Oscar Gardner also entertains travelers and 
others. William Painter was appointed Postmaster in November, 1873, retain- 
ing the office until April, 1881, when William Rowe received the appointment. 
In April, 1879, James McKibben employed a surveyor, and properly laid out 
Valentine, recording the plat at the county seat. Twenty-one lots were laid 
out on Sections 8 and 9. The present population is some eight or ten families. 
For a great many years, George Wolcott, a native of Connecticut, was 
the leading spirit at Wolcottville. He was a very energetic, hard-workin.', 
generous man, but burdened, as many of us are, with a high spirit. He had 
considerable means at his command, and, upon his arrival in September, 1837, 
began industrial enterprises on an extensive scale. He immediately built a 
saw-mill that soon became known far and near. It was completed in 1838, 
and a year or two later a small sot of buhrs was placed in an addition built to 
it. This building was standing just below the present grist-mill. In about 
the year 1841, that portion of the building occupied by the sawing machinery 
was vacated, and a new saw-mill was erected some twelve or fifteen rods farther 
up the race, the old room being fitted up with machinery for carding wool. 
About this time, Mr. Wolcott had in his employ many workmen, as he was 
conducting quite a large farm in connection with his industrial enterprises. 
Philo Taylor, who purchased a form just north of Wolcottville, in June, 1836, 
became a well-known and prominent man. Himself and sons have done a 
great deal to render Wolcottville an attractive place, and its present thrifty 
condition is largely due to their efforts and those of L. L. Wildman. In about 
the year 183E), Mr. Wolcott built a storeroom and placed therein goods worth 
about $1,000, but subsequently greatly increased the stock. Eight or ten years 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 163 

after beginning, he probably had on hand $7,000 worth of goods. At this period, 
his trade was large, and, of course, lucrative. While he was conducting the 
old grist-mill, it is said he boarded, free of charge, the men who came to him 
for flour. The old set of buhrs had been obtained of Mr. 0. P. Grannis, who 
had come to the county in 1834, first locating near Lima, where he engaged in 
the milling business, but subsequently removed to the Tamarack, where he yet 
resides. In 1845, Mr. VVolcott erected the present grist-mill, placing therein 
the old set of buhrs and two new ones. This mill is yet in operation, and, in 
its day, has been one of the best for miles around. With it, the owner did a 
large amount of merchant work, besides custom work, over a large extent of 
country. In 1847, he built a new storeroom to accommodate his stock of 
goods that had greatly increased. It is said that at one time Mr. Wolcott was 
engaged in seven different occupations — milling, sawing, blacksmithing, mer- 
chandising, "coopering," farming and manufacturing potash. He probably 
had twenty workmen employed at one time. He had erected some fifteen 
buildings in the village, which were rented or sold as required. It is said that 
his brother James had an interest in the property at the village. No cloth 
was manufactured at the carding-mill, which was conducted about four years. 
A small distillery was conducted for a short time at Wolcottville, some say by 
Mr. Weston, and others by Mr. Wolcott. Both, perhaps, had an interest in it. 
The kegs, barrels, etc., manufactured at the small cooper-shop, were probably 
intended for and used in this distillery. What liquor was manufactured there 
was consumed about as fast as it was made. A considerable quantity of pearl- 
ash was manufactured at the ashery, and shipped away by wagon. 0. B. Tay- 
lor remembers of going there one night, when a boy, with a quantity of eggs 
(he did not say where they were obtained), and of roasting them in the hot 
ashes. He also well remembers that many of the eggs had suffered se- 
verely by the process of incubation, and that he|received the full benefit (?) of 
that mysterious process. Is the trite axiom, " The way of the transgressor is 
hard," applicable in this case ? 

In about the year 1851, Mr. Wolcott disposed of his various industrial 
pursuits, McMeans & Weston, it is said, buying the mills and perhaps other 
property. After a few years, these men sold out to Wilbur & Hitchcock, who 
owned the mills until 1860, when they were purchased by Taylor & Wildman. 
In 1866, they went to other parties. Among the industries that have flour- 
ished in the village are the following: A rake factory, owned and operated by 
Alvin Hamlin. He continued the occupation about ten years, and turned out 
no small number of implements. A tannery, owned by Anthony Watson, 
which was conducted some ten years. In about the year 1855, E. Bunce built 
a foundry, and commenced the manufacture of plows, scrapers, kettles, machine- 
castings, etc. The industry was continued about fifteen years, passing through 
the hands of Paulus & Ewing, Higgins & Harnes, Mr. Hutchins, and, at last, 
to Mr. Cochran, in whose possession it was abandoned. A few years ago, Ed 



164 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Harding built a new foundry, which is being conducted by him at present. 
Moon & Rogers are the present proprietors of a carriage factory. It was first 
established some eight or ten years ago, and some changes in the ownership 
have since been made. Some ten or twelve years ago, Paulus & Yeager built a 
planing-mill. It is now owned by Paulus & Nichols. Doors, blinds, sash, etc., 
etc., are manufactured. Mr. Haley owns a cooper shop. 

L. L. Wildman opened the second store in 1849. He had previously been 
in business at Wright's Corners. He began with about $3,000 worth of goods, 
and continued merchandising some sixteen years, having associated with him at 
different times William Taylor, Mr. Law, 0. B. Taylor and others. He was a 
member of the excellent firm of 0. B. Taylor & Co., that continued about seven 
years ; also of the firm Taylor & Wildman. H. L. Taylor was associated in 
the partnership of 0. B. & H. L. Taylor. Considerable money was made 
during the war by these men. Taylor & Woodruif were merchants for a few 
years at the close of the war. Mr. Wildman went into the hardware business 
in 1867. More of this may be learned by asking him. In 1873, he began a 
private banking business under the name Wildman's Exchange Bank, the same 
being continued until the present. There are now in Wolcottville three dry 
goods stores, one grocery, three drug stores, one hardware store, one stove and 
tinware establishment, two milliners, one art-gallery, one harness shop, one 
furniture shop, etc., etc. The estimated population, decennially, is as follows : 
In 1840, 20; in 1850, 100; in 1860, 300; in 1870, 450; in 1880,500. 
Wolcottville is one of the liveliest business points of the size in the State. 
This is given on the authority of commercial travelers who ought to know. 

Dr. Leonard Barber, who resided at Northport in Noble County, was the 
first physician to administer to the bodily ills of the citizens of Wolcottville. 
Dr. Myers was perhaps the first resident physician. Others have been Eno, 
Chappell, Gower, White, Raby, Scovill, Shepard and others. Lawyers have 
lately dared the frowns of the villagers by hanging out their signs. An Odd 
Fellows' Lodge was instituted May 10, 1875, with the following charter mem- 
bers : A. Axel, M. Westler, W. H. Rodgers, L. D. McGowen, A. Blackman, 
J. White, N. M. Bassett, E. Bryan, J. L. McQueen, J. Bally and E. Blodgei. 
The present membership is about twenty-seven. The lodge is out of debt, and 
has about $500 worth of property, but has no hall. The present oflicers are 
M. Westler, N. G. ; D. Whitmer, V. G. ; E. Stanbaugh, Treasurer; W. H. 
Rodgers, Secretary. The Masons also have a lodge, which was instituted in 
May, 1868, with the following charter members: A. Eminger, William 
Myers, William Guiser, G. Miller, N. Nunun, C. Hurlbert. The present oflB- 
cers are John Grannis, W. M. ; William Culver, S. W. ; George Nunun, J. 
W. ; 0. B. Taylor, Treasurer; W. H. Rodgers, Secretary. The lodge is out 
of ilebt and in good financial condition. Present membership is about forty-two. 

In about 1839, Mr. Sabin built a dam and a saw-mill on the river a short 
distance west of Wolcottville. A few years later, he sold out to Dr. Leonard 










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JOHNSON TP. 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 167 

Barber, who operated it successfully for a long period. At last it went to 
Andrew Ponty, thence to John Swain, thence to Aaron Kimmell, thence to 
Horace Hamlin. 

Wolcottville was laid out into thirty-three lots and recorded in October, 
1849. 

In 1880, there were living in the township the following persons over 
seventy-five years of age : Gideon B. Johnson, seventy-five ; William Ryan, 
eighty-eight ; George Meeker, seventy-seven ; Luke Briggs, seventy-eight ; 
William Loret, eighty-one; John Martin, seventy-seven; Nathaniel W. Bates, 
seventy-eight ; Tempy Olenhouse, eighty-five ; Mary Wolcott, seventy-six. 

Where the first school in the township was taught is not clear, but was, 
most probably, at Wright's Corners. A log schoolhouse was erected there at a 
very early day, and used until not far from 1848, when a small frame structure 
took its place. This was used until after the last war, when another frame was 
built, but this house, in a few years, became too small to hold comfortably all 
the scholars, and, at last, in 1878, the present fine two-storied brick building 
was constructed at a cost of over $2,000. Two teachers are now employed. 
The evidence seems to show that the first school was taught at the corners as 
early as 1836, although it might have been a year later, or, as Mrs. (Wright) 
Vaughan thinks, a year earlier. The first school is remembered as being very 
insignificant, and it is to be presumed that very little was learned save mis- 
chief. In 1838, Mr. Barns, who lived a short distance north of Wolcottville, 
built a log barn, in which his daughter taught during the summer of the same 
year. Wolcott, Taylor, Culver, Lampson, Nichols and others sent to her. 
No other term was taught there, as at its close the house was occupied by Mr. 
Barns' domestic animals. In about the year 1839, a log schoolhouse was built 
a half mile north of Wolcottville, or one mile north of the township line. 
Ozias Wright taught the first term in this house the same year. After a few 
years, the building was destroyed by fire, and another was built in its place, 
which was used until the Seminary was erected. Several early terms were 
taught in a house belonging to Mr. Wolcott, Volucia Brown being one of the 
teachers. In 1838, a log schoolhouse was erected half a mile south of Wol- 
cottville. Levi L. Wildman became the first pedagogue, receiving $10 per 
month and "boarding round." McQueen, Nichols, Pierce, Dyer, Hovey, 
Lampson, Munger, Cunningham, Greenman, Taylor, and perhaps others, sent 
children to him. No schoolhouse wag- built in Wolcottville until several 
years before the Seminary was abandoned. At that time a frame house was 
built and used until the present ample, two-storied frame house was erected 
some ten years ago at a cost of about $2,800, under a contract with Henry 
Haller. Frank P. Taylor is the present Principal, and has two assistants. 
In about the year 1841, a log schoolhouse was erected one mile north of the 
Tamarack. Among those who sent children here were Jeremiah Bidwell, 
Phineas Tillotson, George Meeker, Daniel Lewis, Henry Miller, Robert 



168 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Meeker, Oliver Osborn and others. After five or six years of use, this house 
was abandoned, and a frame was built at the same place, which was burned 
down two years later and replaced with another, which lasted until the present 
brick house was erected in 1881. A log schoolhouse was erected at Valentine, 
not far from 1840, Thomas Oliver furnishing a portion of the lumber, and 
Abraham Eiman making the shingles. Hiram Gardner helped build the house. 
Elmira Crandall was one of the first teachers, her term being the winter of 
1842-43. She boarded at Hiram Gardner's, paying two bushels of corn per 
week for her board. This house was used until about 1848. A log dwelling 
on the Schoonover farm was devoted to the uses of education after that, but 
was finally destroyed by fire about twenty-five years ago, when the present 
small frame was built. Since the village of Valentine has sprung up with an 
increase of families to send to school, the house has become too small to prop- 
erly accommodate the children. A new and larger house should be built with- 
out delay. A log schoolhouse was built near Mr. Dickinson's, or near Mr. 
Koon's, in 1841. Lucretia Crandall, now the wife of Hiram Gardner, was the 
first teacher, most probably. She taught during the summer of that year, and 
was paid ten shillings per week. During the winter of 1840-41, this lady 
taught in a building belonging to Almon White, and was paid twelve shillings 
per week. The school building north of Oliver Lake was erected some twenty- 
one years ago, Benjamin Williams being the first teacher. A log building in 
the northeastern part, on A. J. Rayer's farm, was devoted to school purposes 
as early as 1842. It was probably used until a schoolhouse was constructed 
about six years later. The present country schools are above the average. 

The most important school in the township, and one of the most important 
in the county, was the " Wolcottville Seminary." In 1851, ex-Gov. 
Slade of Vermont was President of the National Board of Education. The 
Protestant denominations in the East saw, Avith concern, that the Roman Cath- 
olics, with greater religious enterprise, were sending teachers out into the back- 
woods, and were founding many Catholic schools and churches in the great West. 
This led to the creation of the above-mentioned Board of Education, a Protestant 
organization, whose object was the establishment of Protestant schools and 
churches in the backwoods. This led to a strong demand for Christian work- 
ers who were willing to take their chances in the rapidly growing West. About 
this time, also, Mr. Wolcott became dissatisfied, for some reason, with the 
schools in his vicinity, whereupon he wrote to ex-Gov. Slade, asking that 
a thoroughly competent Christian teacher be sent out to Wolcottville, to labor 
as a governess in his family until some arrangement could be made for her in a 
public school. It had entered Mr. Wolcott's mind to build a seminary at Wol- 
cottville. Ex-Gov. Slade promptly sent out Miss Susan Griggs, a very 
earnest, true-hearted Christian lady. She was immediately employed as gov- 
erness in Mr. Wolcott's family at a salary of $250 per year, and. to commence 
with, had but one scholar. Miss Griggs reached Wolcottville and began her 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 169 

labors in October, 1851. Her presence at the village was soon known, and 
several citizens asked that she might teach their children. A house belonging 
to Mr. Wolcott was fitted up for her, in which she taught during the winter of 
1851-52, having twelve scholars. She also taught in this house the following 
summer, having thirty scholars. During the summer of 1852, Mr. Wolcott, at 
an expense of over $3,000, erected the Seminary building, and also a large frame 
structure in which students might find rooms while attending the school. In 
November, 1852, school in the Seminary was begun. A tuition of $3.50 was 
asked for the term of eleven weeks, and if Latin, French, German, painting in 
oil or music were desired, extra tuition must be paid. About fifty students 
were in attendance during the winter. Miss Eliza Dudley, of York State, was 
employed as assistant. Miss Griggs was to have all she could realize from the 
school tuition, and was required to keep the buildings in repair. The doors of 
the Seminary were thrown open to young men, although the school was origi- 
nally designed for females alone. Here it was that Miss Griggs, for seventeen 
long years, labored in the field she had chosen. Sometimes she had enrolled as 
high as 115 students, the average being about sixty-five for the entire period. 
Sometimes two assistants were required. Diplomas were not granted. The 
Seminary was not denominational, though Christian exercises were regularly 
held. A catalogue was published, and perhaps two-thirds of the students came 
from abroad. The eff'ect of the school upon the neighborhood was soon seen. 
Education and intelligence were at a premium, and Wolcottville acquired fame 
over a large section of country for its thrift, brightness and general excellence. 
Too much cannot be said in praise of Miss Griggs. She gave herself no relaxa- 
tion from labor, and, as a necessary consequence, lost her health in 1869, and 
was compelled to sever her connection with the Seminary, greatly to her regret. 
A Sunday school was organized in the Seminary in 1852, under the superin- 
tendence of Miss Griggs, and continued through the years until school there 
ended. Miss Griggs was Superintendent for thirteen consecutive years. 
Through her earnest determination alone, the Sunday school not only lived, 
but greatly prospered, with an average attendance of about fifty. Miss Griggs 
has shown a heart and a character extremely rare in this gilded age of money- 
making and sordid selfishness. The best years of her life have been spent in 
self-denial, charity, humanity, and pure womanly work. Her health has been 
sacrificed, her means employed, and her life dedicated to the struggle of widen- 
ing the sphere of Christian intelligence and human happiness. True as a mag- 
net to her life duties, she has beaten down all obstacles, and inspired those 
around her with the enjoyment of noble endeavor. In view of her long years 
of labor at the village, how scores have been made happier by her, how hun- 
dreds have gone out from her instruction with truer ideas of life and its duties, 
how patient self-denial and faith in God have been the watchwords of this 
noble woman, it is unquestionably due her from the citizens that her declining 
years be rendered free from the bitterness of poverty and thanklessness. And 



170 HISTORV OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

the part borne by Mr. Wolcott, does not that deserve recognition ? All the 
expense of erecting the buildings was sustained by him. In one year he paid 
as high as $75 tuition, when, under the contract with Miss Griggs, his children 
were to receive instruction free of charge. Lack of generosity was not one of 
his faults. 

The Evangelical Lutheran society, which has a frame church on Section 
15, was organized in 1856 by Rev. J. G. Biddle. During the winter of 1856- 
57, a memorable revival was conducted by Rev. Biddle. Among the early 
members were Elias Plank and wife, Mrs. Mariah Teeter, Michael Hoff and 
wife, Tobias Aichele and wife, Mr. Alspaugh and wife, Daniel Holsinger and 
wife, and others. In 1858, the membership was about fifty. The pastors after 
Rev. Biddle have been A. J. Kromer, W. Waltman, Jabez Shafer, D. Smith, 
Leander Kiser, and, at present, L. Rice. The church was erected in 1860, and 
cost about $1,600. The society has preaching every two weeks. Sunday 
school has been had occasionally. In 1840, a Methodist Episcopal society was 
organized near Valentine, by John and Abraham Rowe. Among the early 
members were the Rowes, the Brundages, the Flints, the Braytons and others. 
For a time they met in John Rowe's house; but later, schoolhouses were used. 
The society has lived until the present. It has now a fine brick church at Val- 
entine, erected last year at a cost of about $3,000. The Albrights effected an 
organization at Wright's Corners about the close of the last war. Their fine 
church was erected twelve or thirteen years ago. The society is prosperous. 
In July, 1837, the following persons organized a Baptist society at Wolcott- 
ville: Samuel Barnes and wife, Almon White and wife. Dr. Perkins and wife, 
D. A. Munger and wife, Nancy Dickinson, Julia A. Pierce and Sister Sawyer. 
Elder McMack presided, and L. M. Chont acted as clerk. Elder Burroughs 
became the first pastor, continuing until 1845, when Elder C. H. Blanchard 
succeeded him, giving tlie society half his time. Elder Blanchard has been 
with the society the greater portion of the time since. In 1843, a log meeting 
house was built one-half mile south of the village, and used until 1851, when 
the frame church was erected at Wolcottville. In 1844, the Sunday school was 
organized. The Methodists effected an organization at Wolcottville in 1839. 
under the ministration of Revs. Posey and Allen. The society started with but 
four members, A. Witter, Mrs. Witter, Kizziah Nichols, and another, whose name 
is not remembered. Schoolhouses and dwellings were the first meetinj;; houses 
A building owned by Ozias Wright was used several years. The society became 
quite strong in 1844 ; but, in 1858, had weakened until only seven persons be- 
longed — seven women — as follows : Susan Griggs, Mary A. Taylor, Melinda 
Strayer, Mrs. Strayer, and three others. The society got its first real start 
from a revival held in the Seminary building by Rev. D. P. Hartman, at which 
time some thirty persons became members. About as many more joined at the 
time of a revival held by Rev. William Van Slack. Meetings were held in the 
Seminary until 1874, at Avhich time the church was built at a cost of about 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 171 

$3,000. As stated above, Miss Griggs conducted the Sunday school for years, 
but was finally succeeded by Mr. Cutler. The society is now strong and pros- 
perous. Posey and Allen organized a Methodist society at the Tamarack in 
1840. There were some eight members at first. In 1852, a small frame 
church was built, and was occupied by the society until about ten years ago, 
since which time the membership has been so small that but few meetings have 
been held. The church is at present used to hold funerals in, there being a 
cemetery near it. Other small religious societies have flourished in the town- 
ship at different times. 






CHAPTER IX. 



BY E. n. EERICK. 



Van Burex Township— Surface Features— Incidents of Early Settlement 
—Catalogue of Pioneers— Village of Marion— Industrial Growth- 
Village OF Van Buren— The Dwiqht and Barnes Tragedy— Learning 
AND Religion. 

YAN BUREN, as named by the founder of the second village of the 
county in honor of the then President-elect, was " admitted into the 
Union " in 1837. Van Buren is the northwest township of the county, 
bounded by the Michigan line on the north and Elkhart County on the west, 
and comprises a variety of lands — level, fine farming land in the east, and in 
the west a beautiful country, which in part compensates for a little lack in suit- 
ability for the farmer, by affording, in its rolling hills and beautiful lakes, a 
refreshing relief from the monotony of sandy prairies. 

The townsliip is well watered by Pigeon River, flowing through the middle, 
and its tributaries : Crooked Creek to the north, and Shipshewana, Muddy 
and Buck Runs at the south. Pigeon River supplies a valuable water-power, 
which was early utilized, and in such capacity that surveys were made at an 
early day to discover if it could be made navigable as an outlet for this region 
to the lakes. But the development of railroads soon discouraged that project. 
The most important lakes are on the boundary lines — on the Elkhart line: East 
Lake and Stone Lake, the latter interesting as the most beautiful of the 
county and as the scene of a sadly romantic tragedy. One- half mile from this 
place lies Fish Lake, about a mile in length, on the State line. These lakes 
are rendered very attractive by the unbroken sweep of sandy beach surround- 
ing them, and the picturesqueness of the inclosing hills. They are part of a 
group which includes Klinger's Lake, a well-known resort on the Lake Shore 
Railway, further to the north across the line in Michigan. A very large part 
of the land at the first settlement was in marshes, and though this area has 
been much reduced, perhaps one-eighth of the land is marsh. The " Big 
Marsh " includes most of this territory. At the January session of the Com- 
missioners, in 1837, it was ordered that all the county north of Township 36, and 
west of the center line of Section 9, be set off as Van Buren Township, and 
John Olney appointed Inspector, and an election set for the first Monday in 
April for Justice of the Peace, at the house of Seldon Martin. This first elec- 
tion, at the site of the village of Van Buren, called out some thirty voters, but 
the records are not to be found, and it is only remembered that one Pierce was 
the first Justice. The next incumbent was Jesse Harding. 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 173 

The first comers, so far as known, were Jesse Huntsman, who took pos- 
session of the only piece of prairie land in the township in 1829, before the 
land was on the market, and Nehemiah Coldren, who in the same year built 
the first log house, near the bridge over Crooked Creek. Coldren entered land 
later in Greenfield. But the first settlement was made east of the village, on 
land then well timbered, but remarkably clear from underbrush, owing to the 
fires started by the Indians. Here the grass grew luxui-iantly, which was as 
near as could be had to milk in the absence of kine, and the trees were full of 
wild honey. The land was open to purchase in 1831, at the land office in Fort 
Wayne, and in this year Ami Lawrence, Obadiah Lawrence, Nathaniel Calla- 
han and Asa Olney went from Lima to Fort Wayne on foot, following the In- 
dian trail, to enter farms. Soon after, " Uncle " Asa Olney made the same trip 
alone, in a three days' journey. He remembers distinctly some incidents of 
this tramp through the forests. The prairie wolves were numerous then, and 
their noise, as they cracked the bones of their evening meal, made no agreeable 
serenade as he tried to sleep. One night, during his solitary journey, a party 
of Pottawatomies held a war dance and jubilee near the place at which he was 
resting, over the body of some enemy which they had given a quick pass to the 
happy hunting grounds. Asa Olney was called on to serve on a jury at 
Goshen before the separation of La Grange from Elkhart County. As an in- 
stance of the ways and means of the pioneers: Mr. Olney, who entered at first 
but eighty acres, enlarged his farm considerably by the proceeds of a two-acre 
patch of turnips, and a half acre of melons. The new sandy land produced 
wonderful vines. Melons of thirty pounds were ordinary, and pumpkins fre- 
quently reached the comfortable weight of 100 pounds. The vegetables found 
a good market at White Pigeon and Constantine, Mich. This earliest party of 
settlers was composed of Nathaniel Callahan, with his family, one of whom, 
Ami, still lives in the township (other sons died, Almon, in 1846, and Mills, in 
May, 1881) ; Obadiah Lawrence, who died in 1852 ; his brother. Ami Law- 
rence (died 1839), whose daughter Annie was the wife of the elder Callahan ; 
Asa Olney, brother-in-law of Nathaniel Callahan, who, with his wife, is still 
living in the township ; and his brother John Olney, whose sons, Jackson and 
William, are still on the homestead. They were all from Washington County, 
Ohio, and settled within two miles east of Van Buren, at what might be called 
the Crooked Creek settlement. In the spring of 1831, John Cook, an En- 
glishman, entered land in Section 17, where his son William still resides. Cook 
soon succumbed to pioneer hardship, and died in August, 1831. His was the 
first death among the settlers. At the other portal of existence, the first events 
which the chronicler can discover were the births of a brother of Ami Calla- 
han, who died at the age of one year; of Sylvanus Olney, born February 20, 
1832, who died here July 10, 1879, and Huldah Lawrence, December 25, 1832. 
The pioneers, in the custom, since become quite popular and romantic, of a 
matrimonial journey to Michigan, were Hiram Harding, of Lima, and Miss Lola 



174 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Callahan, who were married at White Pigeon. Then, however, that was the 
nearest place where the legal sanction could be found. Since then, a great 
many lovers, without the same necessity, have made White Pigeon their Gretna 
Green. Another early wedding was that of Alfred Martin, of Van Buren, and 
Ellen Hubson, of White Pigeon. In 1833, the neighborhood was increased by 
the settlement of Tyler Fleming and John and David Cowan. Philip Munger, 
who died about 1842, and Kellogg Munger, who lived until the last decade, 
were the new-comers of the next year. 

In June, 1835, Peter and Nicholas I. Sixby entered lands in Sections 10 
and 14. Solomon Whitney settled in the Crooked Creek neighborhood in 
1836, and Robert Scott, who, however, died after a year's residence. These 
were families of this neighborhood for several years. Among later comers was, 
in 1848, Arby Crane, who afterward removed to Lima and La Grange. His 
son, Samuel D. Crane, became County Superintendent. When the settlement 
began again to increase after the "sickly season," it was in such a rapid man- 
ner as to defy the chronicler. The first burial-place of the neighborhood was 
on Callahan's land, in Section 17, where members of the Callahan family, Philip 
Munger and Robert Scott were buried. The earliest public ground was in 
Section 20, on the White Pigeon road. On the lands of Berry and John 
Cook, in addition to these, there wej-e private burial-places. 

The first road to be surveyed was through this settlement — the Defiance 
& White Pigeon road — of which Judges Newton and Seeley were viewers, and 
John Kromer, surveyor. The first county road in the township was laid out in 
1838, joining the Defiance road, between Sections 17 and 20 in the east. The 
second State road passed through the center of the township, and is called the 
Vistula road, as it was intended to connect " Vistula on the Maumee " — now 
Toledo — with South Bend. Thomas P. Bulla and John Kromer surveyed the 
road in 1835. There were settlements along the line of this road south of the 
river, before the survey. John Belote and his son Elmer were here in 
October, 1834, and built a house on the present Belote farm ne.xt year. The 
father was from Western New York, where he had been a member of an inde- 
pendent company of horse in the war of 1812. He was one of the first 
Trustees, and held that place for several years. He died August 20, 1857, at 
the age of sixty-two. Elmer Belote, a steadfast bachelor, is still a well-known 
citizen, and has served the county for two terms as Coroner. His brother, 
James S. Belote, died in 1865. In the winter of 1834-35, the Belotes built a 
log bridge across the river, on their land, which endured seven or eight years. 
Before that a canoe had been used as a makeshift for a ferry at this point, and 
travelers on the other side, with good voices, were promptly served. A sub- 
stantial bridge now spans the stream at this point, and also the Sidener bridge, 
at another old crossing, a mile below. William Tharp, in Section 30, and 
Jacob Butt, who died here, in 1868, aged seventy-two, came in at the same 
time as the Belotes. In 1835, Nicholas Sidener, of Clearfield County, Ohio, 




.>..r 



%: 




VAN BUR EN TP. 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 177 

came to his present farm in Section 30, and with him, his brother, Samuel 
Si'lener, who afterward removed. Samuel Berry lived in this vicinity. George 
Turnbull, who, with Ami Whitney, was chosen Constable in September, 1837, 
were in the neighborhood, and Edward Robbins and one Nobles. These were 
probably all the earliest settlers here, and of them only Nicholas Sidener and 
Elmer Belote are still residents at the writing of this history. 

A burial-place i: Section 30, on the Vistula road, known as the Belote 
Graveyard, was opened in 1836, and is the last resting-place of the following old 
settlers : Mrs. John Fowler, died 1851, aged fifty-one ; Sylvanus Olney ; 
Peter Fox, died 1859, aged fifty ; Jacob Butt, John Belote, James S. Belote 
and Elisha Tharp. 

On the Vistula road, upon the present farm of Richard L. Newman, a 
village was laid out in June, 1836, by Francis Rhoads, Isaac Buckley and 
Eppah Robbins, who were then the owners of the land. The village was 
named Marion and a tavern was erected by the owner of the plat, and a store 
started by James Belote and Buckley. By the vigorous efforts of the project- 
ors of Marion, quite a " huddle " was built up, but it soon became evident that 
it could never grow up to the paper, and the owners of the lots joined in a 
petition to have the village resolved into wheat fields, and thus Marion disap- 
peared forever. John Fowler lived in the place for a short time. He was the 
owner of a distillery near Buck Creek. Best was another of the residents. 
A saw-mill was built by Harding & Johnson on Buck Creek in 1836 and run 
for several years. 

The western portion of the township began to receive settlers about 1836. 
In November of this year, Peter L. Keightley, brother of John Keightley, of 
Newbury, a native of Lincolnshire, England, came into the township and 
occupied his land in Section 22. Mr. Keightley used to take the liberties 
ordinary in the old country with the letter " h." Not far from his place there 
was a tree in the road with the letter L cut upon it, which was a well known 
land-mark, and it is still told that Mr. Keightley's manner of directing travelers 
to "go to the heL," and so on, would frequently cause a misunderstanding. 
Mr. Keightley is still an honored resident of the neighborhood where he has 
spent so much of his life. 

About 1837, there settled west of Van Buren, Jacob Moak, whose son 
Peter now lives near the State line. Other settlers, west of the river, up to 
1840, were Robert and John Marshall, Englishmen, Bower, George W. Fergu- 
son, Garel Osborne, John Sallier (who made the first clearing in the southwest, 
and died before 1840), and several on the Vistula road near the county line, 
including Widow Dodd, William Mack, whose sons are still upon the old farm ; 
and at Stone Lake, William Davis, a friendly Quaker who is kindly remem- 
bered. 

The first burial-ground in this vicinity was near the county line, in 
what was called the Mack settlement. The first interment was of Josiah 



178 HISTOKV OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Remington, at which the sermon was preached by a young minister, John P. 
Jones, since prominent in county and State history. 

Charles Dwight, with his wife and child, came to the quarter section which 
he now resides upon, March 9, 1841. Mr. Dwight in his early days was a 
boatman upon the Erie Canal in New York. He is a member of the seventh 
generation in America of this distinguished family. His later life has been 
saddened by the tragedy of which an account is given elsewhere, in which his 
youngest daughter was the victim. In 1843, Alonzo Clark settled near the 
county line, and Aaron Freeman, still a prominent citizen of the township, came 
upon his farm in the same year. 

Crooked Creek curves down into Indiana, inclosing with a lake to the north 
a fertile territory called " The Island." This land was held by speculators at 
first, and one of the earliest actual settlements upon it was by John Dalton in 
1840. Mr. Dalton had been with his brother James in White Pigeon since 
1836, where he had come from Rochester, N. Y. In 1850, he bought the Van 
Buren Mills, and has since resideil in the village, where he has a comfortable 
residence. Mr. Dalton, starting with little of this world's goods, has amassed 
a considerable fortune. 

About 1850, a settlement was started in the southwest corner called New 
Pennsylvania. John L. Rhoades, Jacob Mehl and John Foster were the earli- 
est settlers, but all have removed. They were all Pennsylvanians. The 
schoolhouse on this section now bears the name of the settlement. John Kling- 
araan made the latest original entry of land, taking the southeast quarter of this 
section in May, 1848. 

About the vear 1840, the population began to increase rapidly, and as a 
consequence the prices of provisions began a considerable rise. This was possi- 
ble, however, and the prices do not seem extravagant at this time. In 1834, 
wheat drawn to Constantino, Mich., brought only 35 cents, and corn 18 cents, 
but in 1836 the prices were doubled. Before the Van Buren Mills were built, 
about a week would be consumed in going to mill, and farmers often preferred 
to grind a small grist in a common coffee-mill. It was delicate work raising 
wheat then. About one-sixth of it was apt to be smutty, and the cereal had to 
be washed and spread out to dry upon the upper chamber floors. Farmers 
of the early day hardly dreamed of the wholesale methods of modern agri- 
culture. 

By 1837, the land was practically all taken up by actual settlers and spec- 
tators, and was held at $5 per acre. The most efficient aid in the development 
of the country has been the building of the Michigan Southern Railway, 
through one of the early trading points. White Pigeon. At that time land at 
once rose from $10 to $20 per acre. Since then the advance in prosperity has 
been steady and marked. The population has gradually increased and em- 
braces, besides those already named, many men of wealth and social importance. 
In politics the township has been steadily Republican. The records show the 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 179 

following persons to have served as Justices of the Peace, though the list may 
not be complete : Alfred Martin, 1841-46 ; Charles Dvvight, 1844-49 ; Da- 
vid Elmore, 1844-49 ; H. B. Ostrander, 1849-54 ; Josiah B. Cook, 18.51-52 ; 
0. W. Wilson, 1852-68 ; John W. Mclntyre, 1854-58 ; C. W. Chapin, 1867- 
77 ; James Galloway, 1869-73 ; James Haggerty, 1877 ; Edwin Owen, 1878. 

Schools were a matter to which the earliest comers gave their attention. 
Until the sale of the school lands, the settlers paid their teachers directly, 
which was not a severe tax, as the usual rate was about $1 a week. 
Clarissa Munger was the first school-ma'am, and gathered the young ideas at a 
log schoolhouse on the land of Nathaniel Callahan in Section 17. Later, a 
school was started at the village, in 1835, at Marion, and, in 1836 or 1837, 
another south of the river at Nicholas Sidener's, where a graveyard now is. 
in the west the earliest were the Marshall Schoolhouse on the Vistula road, the 
Bethel on Section 17, and a log house on the shore of Stone Lake. 

There are now in the township ten neat frame houses, valued at $6,000, 
which are attended by 410 pupils. Eleven teachers are employed at an aver- 
age rate of $1.50 for men and $1.37 for women. In 1880, some $2,500 were 
expended for tuition. 

The history of the churches is another matter intimately connected with 
the lives of the people. A Methodist Episcopal society yet e.xists at Van 
Buren, which was organized in 1834 by Charles Best, an Ohio exhorter. There 
were about five members, including Esther and John Olney and Nancy Calla- 
han. The first preacher in the township \yas Christopher Cory, a Presbyterian 
minister, then of White Pigeon. In 1848, the Methodist Church at Van 
Buren was erected, and has since been used as a union meeting-house. 

In the west, the earliest religious meetings were held at the house of Jason 
and George Jones, north of the old Bethel Schoolhouse, in 1841 or 1842, 
Prayer-meetings were held there, and at the time of the Millerite excitement 
they were largely attended. It was in "about 1843" that the world was to 
finish up its career, and the year before, 1842, Elders Speers, Stalker and 
Burns, of "somewhere about" Orland, commenced revival meetings in the old 
Callahan Schoolhouse. A very exciting and memorable time followed. Tiie 
meetings lasted six weeks, and about forty persons were converted. The Bap- 
tist Church in Van Buren was organized in 1858, with fifteen members. Since 
then they have steadily maintained their meetings, and have since received 
some forty members; but, owing to constant changes in residence, the society is 
hardly more numerous now than at first. In 1864, a Methodist society was 
organized at the Marshall Schoolhouse by George W. Newton. 

The Protestant Methodist society in Van Buren was organized by Fred 
Soy about 1851, with twenty-five or thirty members, as the result of an exten- 
sive revival. About 1869, an " Abright " or Evangelist Church was organ- 
ized and a church built on the Defiance road, two miles east of the village, at a 
cost of about $2,400. There were about fiftv members in 1881. 



180 HISTORY OF LAGRANGE COUNTY. 

The only county officers the township has furnished besides Coroner 
Belote have been Gabriel T. Mclntyre, who was a resident of the township a 
year or two before his election as Sheriff, in 1853, and Seldon Martin, who 
was elected a Commissioner in 1837. 

The township has suffered very little from crime. There is a remembrance 
of one case of horse stealing, in 1844 or 1845, from Henry Albert. The free- 
dom of the people of late from these marauders is no doubt due to the organ- 
ization of a Protective Association, September, 1866. This was re-organized 
for ten years in 1876, and had, in 1881, sixty-five members, and $135 in the 
treasury, devoted to the capture of criminals. The association is so organized 
that a strong bwly of men can be collected, at any point, in an e.xceedingly 
short time. An annual meeting of the members is required each year, in Sep- 
tember. In 1880-81, the officers were Frank Galloway, President; John 
McDonald, Treasurer ; and William Bycroft, Secretary. 

The saddest tragedy in the annals of the county took place, singularly 
enough, on the quiet, charming beach of Stone Lake, where one would expect 
nothing but the ripple of the waves, the songs of the birds, and the laughter of 
children, which this mad crime so rudely disturbed. Addie Dwight, a charm- 
ing young lady of eighteen years, who was admired and respected by all who 
met her, the youngest daughter of Charles Dwight, was teaching at the Lake 
Schoolhouse and took her pupils down to the lake at noon, on June 22, 1871, 
to give them a promised frolic on the beach. While here, unconscious of any 
danger, Chauncey Barnes, a young man living near this place, in Elkhart 
County, drove up, accompanied by a young woman of White Pigeon, 
and asked for an interview with the school-teacher. They walked away 
together for a short distance. Barnes had, for some time, been paying marked 
attentions to Miss Dwight, but she had declined to receive his company, and 
his attempts at a reconciliation had been in vain. He took his disappointment 
very much to heart, and, suffering from jealousy, he went to see her this day 
for a last attempt, and madly resolved to end her life and his, if he could not 
win her. As the children came toward the two, seated together at some dis- 
tance, a pistol shot was heard, and Addie was seen, with her hands raised, beg- 
ging for her life. But a second bullet was sent crashing through her head, and 
she fell dead at the foet of her lover and murderer. Barnes then emptied the 
revolver into his own liead, and when the neighbors came to the scene, though 
bleeding horribly, he was re-loading his revolver, determined to take his own 
life. The murderer was confined in the county jail, and for some time was at 
the point of death, but finally recovered. At his trial, the defense was insanity, 
but though ably defended, he was found guilty of murder, and sentenced to the 
penitentiary for life. He is still confined there. This causeless crime, which 
so cruelly blotted out an innocent young life, aroused great feeling throughout 
tiie county, and much sympathy was expressed for the victim, and indignation 
toward the murderer. This latter, however, was softened by his attempted 





J'yU^Of-^^^l^e^^^ 



VAN BUREN TP. 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 183 

suicide, and the sorrow of his family. It was one of those events which, 
though having a tinge of romance in history and stories of love and sorrow, 
are too terribly tragic in the real life of one's own generation. 

Since that time, the history of the township has afforded little of interest. 
In 1880, according to the census of that year, there were ten residents of the town- 
ship, each of whom was seventy-five years of age, or over, their names being, with 
their respective ages: Ann Brockway, seventy-eight ; Robert Smith, seventy- 
six ; Maria Hoff, seventy-five ; Elizabeth Smith, seventy-five ; John H. Hoof- 
nagle, eighty-three ; Elizabeth Dayton, seventy-five ; David Seybert, eighty- 
one ; Henry Young, seventy-five ; Lydia Young, seveuty-five ; Andrew Hen- 
kle, eighty-five. 

Van Buren is the only village, and Scott is the only post office in the 
township, and these are one and the same. The original plat of the village 
was owned by the Martin brothers — Seldon, Phylammen and Alfred — who 
bought 280 acres in this section of the Government in December, 1833. In 
1837, the village was surveyed by Delevan Martin. The plat was in April, 
1844, enlarged by an addition at the north by Nicholas N Sixby. Before 
the plat was surveyed, the enterprises were established which have since been 
the chief feature of the town — the lumber and flouring mills. The Martins 
built a saw-mill upon the fine water-power which the Pigeon aff"ords at this 
point, in the summer of 1834, and, during the next, erected a flouring-mill. 
The mosquitoes were formidable at that time, and it is said that the Martins 
could not sleep until they constructed a platform up in the trees, where the 
troublesome insects would be less numerous. The old mills have, of course, 
disappeared, and, since then, mills have been put in, capable of turning out, in 
the palmy days of Van Buren, 15,000 barrels of flour per year, and 350,000 
feet of lumber. But at the present time, little more than custom work is done. 

James Haggerty, who was, in 1881, still living in Van Buren, came to the 
place in 1835, having exchanged his land in Michigan for mill property. Mr. 
Haggerty was originally from New Jersey, where he lived in the town of New 
Brunswick, just across the street from old Commodore Vanderbilt, whom the 
old pioneer remembers gratefully as a kind neighbor and generous patron. 
His brother, Michael Haggerty, was here in 1837, but removed, and returned 
in 1855, since when he has been a resident of the village, and for some time 
Justice of the Peace. In 1836, Pierce built a blacksmith shop, and was 
rewarded for his enterprise by being elected, in 1837, the first Justice. Thus 
the village smithy became the hall of justice. Harvey B. Ostrander, about 
the same time, established himself in the cooper business, one Crary built a 
wagon-shop, and C. Z. Barnes, carpenter, came to town. L. D. Brooks built 
a house on Lot 5, in Sixby's Addition, and kept a tavern. A physician, Dr. 
Sidney Cobb, lived in the village about a year, then dying, he was succeeded 
by Dr. William Fox in 1838. His brothers, George and James Fox, were the 
shoemakers of the town. John Rank and father, Joel H. Sanford, Kellogg 



184 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Munger and Miner were among the residents. Thus it will be seen that Van 
Buren in its early days was a flourishing and promising settlement, and would 
have fulfilled all its early promise had it not been for the perverse running of 
the railway too far to the north. A log house, owned by Pierce, vacated in 
1837, and donated to the township, was the first schoolhouse in the village. 
There is now a two-story frame building, 26x40, devoted to this purpose. 

In 1836, the Martins started a di.stillery in a large log building near the 
mill, and ran the establishment until after 1840, when the removal of the 
Indians terminated the greater demand for a distillery. Another one was run 
for some time after, at the Hart place, below the mills. A post office was 
established at Van Buren under the name of Scott, in 1836, and was upon the 
line between White Pigeon and Fort Wayne. Clark was the first Postmaster. 
A frame church was built about 1858, and is still in use by all the denomina- 
tions. In 1»81, there were two stores in the village, owned by Frank Gal- 
loway and Dr. W. B. Grubb, who has practiced medicine here since 1865. 
Dr. A. Toms is another physician at this place. William Allison, a resident 
of the village since 1867, and of the township since 1860, has held the posi- 
tion of Trustee for ten years in succession, and, in 1881, was commencing 
another series of years. He has proved one of the most eflBcient oflicers in 
the county. 




CHAPTER X. 



BT R. H. RERICK. 



Eden Township— Physical Features — The First Settlers— Incidents of 
Their Life in the Woods— Erection of Mills, Stores, etc.— Valuable 
Statistics— The " Haw Patch "—Township Officials— The Growth of 
Education and Religion— The Sycamore Literary Society. 

THE southeastern quarter of Eden Township is included in that broad area 
of fertile country which the early settlers called the Haw Patch. About 
one Congressional township of land in La Grange and Noble Counties is 
embraced in this tract, which is distinguished throughout by a rich soil, freedom 
from marshes, level, or very gently rolling surface, and a perfect adaptability 
to successful agriculture. At the opening of the country to settlement, it was 
densely covered by beautiful forests, in which sugar maple and black walnut 
were most abundant, and remarkably free from small growths, except hawthorn 
and wild grapes. The abundance of the hawthorn was the most striking 
peculiarity of the region, and gave rise to the name by which it is so widely 
known. Now that the forests and the hawthorns have vanished, the region has 
taken on another style of beauty, and is made doubly attractive by splendidly 
kept farms and elegant residences, where every comfort possible has taken the 
place of the hardships of log-cabin days. 

This is the Eden of the township. But to the north and west lie the great 
marshes which are the sources of the two forks of the Little Elkhart. These 
marshes furnish a great deal of hay, and are the home of an abundance of 
game, but are, nevertheless, a dreary waste, and it is likely irreclaimable for 
some time to come, at least. Persistent efforts are being made to drain them, 
but the continual drying of the country in general will probably prove to be 
the most eflBcient aid in their improvement. 

To the west of the Big Marsh lie a few sections of good land, but with a 
soil which contains more clay than that of the Haw Patch. 

No lakes or streams of any value are found within the township. 

There is some dispute about the first settlement of the township, but the 
account here given is believed to be the correct one. This is, that the Latta 
family were the first in Eden. In 1830, Robert Latta, who lived near Urbana, 
Ohio, came to Goshen to bring medicine and stores to his son, Johnston Latta, 
who was then a practicing physician in that settlement. While at Goshen, the 
elder Latta heard from surveyors who had been through La Grange County of 
the fine Haw Patch land, and he visited it on his return, and it seemed to justify 
all the praise he had heard. He had a good farm in Ohio, under cultivation, 



186 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

but he longed for new forests to conquer. Accordingly, in the spring of 1832, 
leaving his Ohio home, he came to the Haw Patch, with his wife and daughter, 
Achsah. His log house was built on Section 26. In the fall of the same year, 
William McConnell, of Ohio, settled in Section 35, south of the Latta home, 
with his wife and sons, James, Alexander, Thomas C. and William A., and a 
daughter, Mary Ann, who was married November 17, 1835, to Isaac Spencer. 
The McConnells had a remarkable leaning for public affairs, and since then 
there have been few matters of public interest in and about the Haw Patch in 
which they did not have a prominent part. The other well-known family which 
preceded them was not less public-spirited, and, as was very natural, a rivalry 
soon arose. There were special reasons for this. Latta was a Whig, and 
McConnell a Democrat ; the former was a Methodist, the latter a Presbyterian. 
The contest early showed itself in the purchase of land, and the result was 
that each was the owner of about eighteen eighty-acre tracts, which was con- 
siderably more forest land than was profitable in those days. Much of it was 
afterward given away. Eighty acres were given as pay for one man's work for 
a year, and a job of rail splitting was the consideration for another considerable 
piece of land. In 1841, Dr. Johnston Latta moved to the Haw Patch, giving up 
his practice, and lived upon the old homestead until his death, in 1873, at the 
age of sixty-five. His widow, Martha L., still lives here, adjoining the farm 
of her son, James Norman Latta. The McConnells, in later years, were more 
prominent in Noble than La Grange County history. They have now no liv- 
ing representative of their name in the township. But the family graveyard 
still receives, from time to time, some descendant of the old pioneer. It is a 
suggestive fact that this family burying-place lies just across the road from the 
site established for similar purposes by Robert Latta, and where he now rests. 
The first burial in the former yard was of Thomas C. McConnell, who died in 
1836, at the age of twenty-six. Here, also, lie William McConnell, who died 
at his home south of Eden Chapel, April 13, 1848, aged sixty-seven ; Agnes, 
his wife, died in 1851, aged sixty-six ; their sons, Alexander and William A., 
and others of a later generation. The eldest son, James, of considerable note 
in Noble County history, died at Albion, June 2, 1881. In 1832, as near as 
can be ascertained, William Dempsey, of Ohio, and his young wife, came to the 
township and lived on land in Section 35. He died about thirteen years later. 
Eai'ly in the next year, Nehemiah Coldren, anotlier Ohio man, settled in Sec- 
tion 13, and in 1837 his brother, Harvey, on the same section. Sibyl, the 
wife of Nehemiah, died in 1848, and he in 1871, at the age of seventy-one. 
Harvey Coldren died seven years later. 

There also came in the spring of this year, Laban Parks, with his family, 
including an eight-year-old son, Harlan, who recently died upon the old farm 
on Section 25. Before his settlement, Laban Parks and Anthony Nelson had 
come over from Elkhart Prairie, where Parks had been since 1830, and viewed 
this country over before there were any marks of the presence of white men. 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 187 

Laban Parks died in November, 1870. A few months after Parks had settled, 
Anthony Nelson followed, and built his log house a short distance west, upon 
the Clearspring Township line. The first part of his house was built in Eden, 
but an addition was soon made in Clearspring. Kensell Kent, of New York. 
settled in 1833, and was one of the early owners of the land on which Slab- 
town now flourishes. He moved to Iowa, and died there in 1879. Reuben 
McKeever, of Virginia, was living in 1833 on Section 27, but in later years 
emigrated to Iowa. During this year or the next, Samuel Curl, of Ohio, a 
son-in-law of Robert Latta, moved to the Haw Patch, and settled on Section 
35, and his brother, John Curl, at the same time on Section 26. Samuel Curl 
died in 1863, and John Curl and family removed from the township. About 
1834, Obed Gaines, of New York, built his cabin, in which early elections took 
place, a quarter of a mile north of Sycamore Corners, on the township line, 
but was not long a resident. He was the only settler who raised hops for sale. 
In October, 1834, Mrs. Elizabeth Ramsby, a widow lady, with her family, 
moved upon land in Section 27, where her son, John S. Ramsby, now resides. 
Mrs. Ramsby died upon the old homestead November 12, 1869, aged eighty 
years. John S. Ramsby settled here in 1835, and besides being a wealthy 
farmer, has become noted as an admirer of the chase. Deer and bears in the 
early days, and foxes and coons of later years, furnished the sport. The marsh 
has been an unfailing source of game. Bears, of course, have long since gone. 
Thirty years ago, Mr. Ramsby captured three, but since then only a straggler 
has now and then appeared. Deer were very numerous at the first settlement, 
so much so as to be troublesome. The pretty animals had a great fancy for 
pawing up the young wheat with their dainty hoofs, and meddling with the 
husked corn before it was put away. But they soon vanished before the hunt- 
er. Trapping in the marshes, especially of the little animal of bad repute and 
valuable hide, coon hunting, and following the hounds after "Reynard," have 
been sources of much recreation and no little profit since the first settlement 
of Eden. But to return to the settlers. 

On the 1st of October, 1835, John Thompson, from Ohio, reached 
the land upon which he has since lived. He bought his farm from Mark 
Gaboon, who had been upon the land long enough to make a little clear- 
ing, and who, after marrying Ann Modie, a member of another early fam- 
ily, in November, 1835, moved further west after Mr. Thompson's arrival. 
The price paid for this land was $4.37 per acre, a little below the 
average price of land partially improved. Wild land was held at double 
the Government price. Mr. Thompson, soon after his arrival, was called 
upon to administer justice as Squire, and, besides township offices, repre- 
sented Noble and La Grange Counties in the Lower House in 1841. In 
those days, the people's law-makers had to make the journey to Indianapolis on 
horseback, and undergo great tribulation on the road for the sake of legislative 
honors, at a salary of $3.00 per day. Mr. Thompson was afterward (1856-60) 



188 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

a member of the State Senate for two terms, and has always been prominent in 
political affairs. James Taylor, another old settler, came with Mr. Thompson, 
and entered land in Section 23, where he died in 1880. His widow still lives 
upon the fiirm. William Parks, a brother of Laban, settled on Section 27 in 
1835, and joined in the emigration to Iowa about fifteen years ago. Orvin 
Kent was at the Haw Patch in the spring of 1833, and bought land. He was 
here again in 1885, but did not settle permanently until 1847, after his marriage 
in Ohio. He then built a home upon his land in Eden, at Sycamore Corners. 
Mr. Kent has for a number of years lived in Clearspring, but his two places of 
residence are upon the town line road. Mr. Kent has always been interested in 
the welfare of the Haw Patch, and has done much in aid of its social and mate- 
rial improvement. 

The whole number of householders in Eden, in the fall of 1835, was fif- 
teen, and the men, women and children all told numbered seventy-two. 

In 1836, William Collett settled on the Haw Patch. His son, William C. 
Collett, was in later years prominently identified with the Granger movement 
in Indiana. The other son, Jacob Collett, married Anna Mary Swart, who has 
the distinction of being the first born in the township. They removed to Iowa. 
In 1837, John Denny, his wife Mary, and sons, settled on Section 35, where 
Mrs. Denny yet resides, at the advanced age of eighty-four. 

About this time, the settlement of the region west of the marsh began. 
Robert McKibben settled here in 1836, but moved West in 1850; John and 
Andrew Funk in 1837 ; in 1838, David Carr, who moved to Ligonier and died 
there, and Thomas Short, who still resides on Section 6. John Prough settled 
on Section 18 in 1842. In the same year, William H. Poyser and John Poy- 
ser settled in this neighborhood, but the former removed to the Haw Patch eight 
years later and now lives on Section 27. After 1835, the settlement of the 
township increased rapidly, and this department of the history will not permit 
any extended notice of the later comers. It is mainly in the first settlers that 
all feel an interest. Their comings and goings and haps and mishaps are 
worthy of note, while similar occurrences of to-day concern few besides those 
who are immediately interested. 

Eden Township was organized in November, 1832. Its formation was the 
second division made in the county, being a subdivision of Lima Township. 
But this township, as the order of the Commissioners read, was to include "all 
that tract of territory south of Township 37 and west of the range line divid- 
ing Ranges 9 and 10 ;" that is, it included the present townships of Eden and 
Clearspring and ran south of Ligonier. La Grange County then included 
part of Noble. The election was ordered to be held at the house of John Hos- 
tettler, who lived near the county line, in Perry Township, on the first Monday 
of April; 1833, for the purpose of electing two Justices of the Peace. 

Who these first officers were cannot be said from the records. Township 
records of that time have vanished and the county records are silent. William 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 189 

McConnell, however, is claimed to be the firit Justice of the Peace. The 
earliest record to be found of his official acts is of the marriage of Minerva 
Gaines to Norman tSessions, February 8, 1835. John Thompson was elected 
and served as Justice a short time after he settled here. 

On the 7th of May, 1833, the Commissioners made a further division of 
the territory, setting off that portion of Eden south of the Elkhart River as 
Perry Township. At a later date, all the Noble County territory was sepa- 
rated. At the March term, 1837, Clearspring Township was set off from 
Eden, and that date may be taken as the official beginning of the township as 
it is now defined. 

In 1845, the Town Clerk, Mr. John Thompson, made an entry nunc pro 
tunc, and noted, as his apology, that it got out of place in copying, for no books 
had been provided by the Trustees, as required by the State, "until the present 
time, March 1, 1845." Before this the proceedings of the Trustees had been 
jotted down loosely, and all the notes made before 1842 were lost. On June 6, 
1842, the records show the township was divided into four road districts, with 
Anthony Nelson, William Swartz, Silas Longcor and Andrew W. Martin as 
Supervisors. The elections were ordered to be held at John Thompson's. The 
Trustees elected in 1842 were Robert McKibben, James Taylor and Mahlon 
Hutchinson. John Thompson was elected Clerk and held the place after this 
for four years. The Trustees were then paid $2.50 for their year's services and 
the Clerk $2. In 1844, there were five road districts, and a tax of 10 cents 
on the $100 was levied for township expenses. The Trustees of this year were 
John Poyser, William Collett and Laban Parks; and then followed, in 1845,. 
Thomas Fisher, W. H. Poyser, John Denny; 1846, John Poyser, John Denny, 
William Collett. Thomas Short was elected Clerk that spring, and served, ten 
years. From 1847 to 1850, it seems that William Collett, Peter Prough and 
Jacob D. Poyser held the trusteeship undisturbed. In 1850, Peter Prough was 
replaced by William Swartz. John Poyser, William Swartz and John McDevitt 
were elected in 1852. At the November election of this year, the polls were 
located, by ballot, at the Denny Schoolhouse. For 1853-54, the Trustees were 
John D. Stansbury, John Thompson and James Taylor. At this time, the 
school fund received from the Auditor amounted to $856.70. In 1854, J. D. 
Stansbury, William H. Poyser and David Sutton were Trustees; 1855, J. D. 
Stansbury, Harlan Parks, Hiram I. Parks; 1856, Harlan and H. I. Parks and 
E. B. Gerber; 1857, H. I. Parks, John Poyser, James Tumbleson; 1858, H. 
I. Parks, William Walker, Nehemiah Coldren. Orvin Kent was Clerk this 
year. This was the last triumvirate in the trusteeship. Since then one man 
at a time has been found able to take care of the township business. D. B. 
Carr held the office in 1859 and the succession has been: James Mearl, S. S. 
Keim, 1865; John L. Short, 1866; John W. Lutz, 1869; Milton Ro we, 1874, 
William Roderick, 1878; W. L. Sipe, 1880. The Justices of the Peace since 
1840, when the records begin, have been: Leonard Wolf, 1840-45; Anthony 



190 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Nelson, 1841; John Poyser, 1845-50, 1850-52, 1855-63, 1872-76. (John 
Poyser is emphatically the Squire of Eden.) William T. McConnell, 1845-47 ; 
James Tumbleson, 1847-50, 1852-56, 1870-74; Peter Prough, 1866-705 
Jacob Crusen, 1873-77; John J. Arnold, 1876-80; Isaiah Immell, 1878-82; 
Samuel Stutzman, 1881. 

In the year 1880, at the time of taking the census, and according to the 
returns, there were then residents of the township the following persons who 
had reached the age of seventy-five or over: J. J. Bontrager, seventy-five; 
Mary Denny, eighty-three; Leah Morrill, seventy-five; John Thompson, 
seventy-seven. 

The almost impassable swamps running through the township from north 
to south have prevented the building of many important roads. The Indians 
even left the swamps severely alone, and made wide detours to avoid them. 
Their trails, which were the first highways, ran from northeast to southwest 
through the Haw Patch, from Clearspring to Ligonier. These trails, of 
course, were only passable in places for walking or riding, and they were so 
snugly lined by sunflowers and stinging nettles, as high as a man's head, that 
travel was not at all pleasant. But the country about Haw Patch was so free 
from underbrush that roads were easily made. The first one was the Goshen 
road, which wound without regard to anything but convenience and the shortest 
cut from Benton and Millersburg, south of Big Marsh to Salem, and up by the 
Latta farm, passing north of the present Sycamore Corners, and on to Clear- 
spring and La Grange. One of the earliest regularly established highways was 
the State road, laid out several years before 1840, from Perry Prairie to White 
Pigeon . 

In the spring of 1832, Benjamin Gale, William McConnell and Robert 
Latta viewed a road to run from the southwest corner of tlie county to Lima. 
This was afterward known as the Haw Patch road. These and later roads 
did not adhere to section lines at first, but have been since changed for that 
purpose. 

Life in Eden before 1840 was from all accounts less enjoyable than exist- 
ence in the earlier Eden about the year one. The weeds seemed to defy the 
farmers ; they choked the grain and covered everything. It is said that horses 
and cattle were often lost in them. As if the weeds were not enough, the birds 
were innumerable, and they flocked to the little wheat patches, making music 
all day long and helping themselves for reward. Between the weeds and the 
birds, " what shall the harvest be." was a serious question. But in a few years 
the condition was changed, the wheat acreage began to yield twenty bushels, 
and the corn as much as fifty bushels, and the crops on the Haw Patch since 
then have been wonderful. There was no mill in the township and the grist 
had to be taken to Dallas' Mill in Clearspring, to Steinberger's in Noble, or 
to Jonathan Wayland's and other mills near Benton, in Elkhart County. The 
journey with fifteen or twenty bushels of wheat to Benton from the Haw Patch 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 191 

would occupy one day, and the next day would be taken up in the retuAi. The 
earliest trading was done in Goshen and Lima, except such as was done at 
home with the Indians, who were always anxious to exchange something for 
"shuma" — silver coin. 

The first birth in the county is believed to be Anna Mary Swartz, who was 
born about 1837. She was married to Jacob CoUett and now lives in Iowa. 
A child was born to William Dempsey very early, which may contest the claim ; 
and Sophronia, daughter of Nehemiali Cohlren, afterward the wife of William 
Walker, of Lima, was at least one of the very earliest natives of Eden. 

In September, 1836, the County Commissioners selected the house of 
Obed Gaines as a voting place, and tho first Presidential election in the town- 
ship was held there in November, 1886. Norman Sessions was Inspector. There 
were fifteen to twenty votes cast, and of these the Democrats had a large ma- 
jority. The township has usually had a Democratic majority of one or more 
ever since then, though during the life of the Whig party it sometimes carried 
an election. 

The resident physicians who have practiced in the township have been 
Dr. John Brown, who lived near " Slabtown," and died in 1851. Dr. Waller, 
of about the same period ; Dr. Abner Lewis, who lived some time at Sycamore 
Corners and then moved to La Grange, and finally West, and for the last twenty 
years. Dr. John M. Denny, who has his office at the old Denny homestead on 
Section 36. The township, especially about the Haw Patch, has been healthy 
since the fever and ague days of the first settlement. There have been seasons 
which were exceptions, however, notably the epidemic of erysipelas in 1860. 

A widely-spread gang of horse-thieves and general outlaws, in an early 
day, made the Haw Patch an unsafe and disagreeable place. To these maraud- 
ers the Haw Patch was indebted for a reputation as a lawless locality, which it 
required many years to overcome. Horses would be taken and sent out of the 
county by regular lines, along which the thieves and their harborers were per- 
manently stationed. Finally, the reign of crime became unendurable. The 
citizens organized themselves in police associations and resolved to take the 
law into their own hands. The Regulators for Haw Patch and vicinity organ- 
ized March 1, 1858, at the residence of Francis Ditman, in Clearspring, with 
the title of the Clearspring and Eden Detective Police. The President was 
Abner Lewis, and the Vice Presidents, Charles Roy, Francis Ditman, William 
Gibson and William Denny. John McDevitt was chosen Secretary and Haw- 
ley Peck, Treasurer. Then there occurred the great parade at Kendallville by 
the Regulator companies, when an immense crowd gathered, and one of the 
criminals was seized and soon after hung near Diamond Lake, in Noble County, 
and his body taken back to his wife. The criminal class was awed by the 
determined spirit of the Regulators ; arrests were speedily made, and in a very 
short time the country was quiet. Since then, the feeling of peaceful security 
has been disturbed only during the era of tramps. 



192 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

The Latta family were Methodists and the McConnells Presbyterians, and 
this determined the denominational lines of the early efforts toward church 
organization. The first society to be organized was the Methodist, which had 
its meeting place at the residence of Robert Latta, Sr. James Latta, who had 
been for some years an itinerant preacher, and had settled in Perry Township, 
was the one who most frequently conducted the meetings. Among the mem- 
bers of this pioneer church were, besides the Lattas, Samuel and John Curl ; 
Laban Parks, wife and daughter ; Elizabeth Ramsby ; John Thompson and wife, 
and James Taylor. Rev. S. R. Ball was Pastor in 1835, and Revs. Robert- 
son, Boyd, Harrison, Posey and Allen, Dowd, Storex and Forbes, followed in 
very nearly the order given. In 1842, the society, aided by general contribu- 
tions, built a frame meeting-house on Latta's land, called Eden Chapel. A 
graveyard was opened west of the old chapel about this time, on an acre 
donated by Robert Latta. The first buried here was a child of Judge Stage. 
The grant of land was afterward enlarged to two and one-fourth acres. The 
old church was, after many years' service, torn down and a neat frame chapel, 
capable of seating about 300 persons, was erected on the west side of the 
churchyard, and dedicated in 1866. The building cost about $1,500 and was 
built by James Tumbleson. The churchyard is surrounded by a handsome 
wire fence, and the house and its surroundings kept in a manner which is in 
itself an index to the wealth and refinement of the neighborhood. A camp- 
tneeting was also held for many years at a grove on Mr. Latta's land, and largely 
at his expense. He was generous in support of religious enterprises. The 
church is at present included in the Wawaka Circuit and Rev. James Johnson 
is the preacher in charge. There are some fifty members enrolled 

The Presbyterian Church was organized at the house of William McCon- 
nell, of which his family and Denny's, and the Cavens, of Perry Township, 
were the earliest members. Rev. James B. Plumstead was the first minister, 
some time before 1835. Rev. Christopher Cory also preached at this place in 
1837 and 1838. The society was not long-lived, and the members were grad- 
ually drawn into the congregations of Salem Church and Ligonier. 

The Baptist Church had a society, formerly meeting first at Sycamore 
Schoolhouse and then at Horner's. But since the death of Harvey Coldren. 
its most prominent member, the society has had very few meetings. 

A Methodist Episcopal society was organized west of the Marsh in the 
winter of 1842-43, and met at John Peyser's house. The early members were 
John Poyser, Thomas Elliott, Andrew Elliott, John McKibben and Isaac 
Sparks and their families, and Susan and William H. Poyser. The member- 
ship was from Elkhart and La Grange Counties. The congregation also met 
at the Eden Valley Schoolhouse, until their chapel was built in 1856. This 
building was erected by James Hart, and was, in dimensions, about 32x45. 
Rev. Lamb, of Goshen, was one of the earliest preachers, and it was included 
in the Goshen Circuit. During the war, when feeling was very intense and 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 193 

persons were divided in opinion about where preachers should draw the dividing 
line between politics and patriotism, a split was made in the church, and a con- 
siderable number, including some of the Virginian settlers, organized a 
Lutheran Church. This new society built a brick church just over the line in 
Clinton Township in 1877. The old meeting-house is still in use by the 
Methodists. 

The Amish Mennonite Church was organized in 1854 by German-speak- 
ing residents in the township. Before 1842, the settlement by members of this 
denomination had been begun by David Kurz, John Hartzler, Isaac Hartzler 
and G-ideon Yoder. Later comers were Isaac Smoker, in 1843, and David 
Hartzler, in 1845. About 1860, a frame church was erected south of the vil- 
lage, on the county line road, and here Bishop Isaac Smoker and Revs. Joseph 
Yoder and Joseph Kaufman were the earliest preachers. In 1870, this build- 
ing was torn down and moved to Sycamore Corners, and a handsome brick 
church was erected, with a seating capacity of 300, at a cost of $2,000. The 
church was dedicated by Rev. John F. Funk, of Elkhart. The district now 
includes all of the Haw Patch, and contains something over one hundred and 
thirty members. The present preachers in charge are Bishop Smoker, who 
has now served in this church forty-two years, and Revs. Jonas Hartzler and 
George Buller. The Amish people are in greater numbers in the northern 
sections of Eden, owning, in fact, all the upper half of Eden, east of the West 
Fork of the Little Elkhart. In this part, the first Amish settlers were John 
Bontrager, Christian Miller, Sr., and Joseph Yoder, about 1844. Most of this 
territory is included in the Newbury District. The other leading German 
denomination, the German Baptists or Dunkers, is represented by a flourishing 
society, organized in 1866, with a present membership of about one hundred 
and fifty. The society erected a commodious frame meeting-house at Haw 
Patch Village, in 1870. Rev. David Bare is the minister at this time. 

The first school taught in the township was in the winter of 1834, when 
Kensell Kent organized a school in a log cabin a half mile west of Denny's 
Corners, at which the few children in the neighborhood found instruction. The 
big boys in those days were as unruly as in modern times, and a disturbance 
at one time arose in this school which compelled the attendance of a number of 
them at the court in Lima for several days. The first schoolhouse was a log 
building at Denny's Corners, where school was taught by Robinson Ramsby 
in 1836. Old Mr. Lucky, about 1837, also taught in this schoolhouse. It 
was a primitive affair; one end of the building was the fire-place ; there was noth- 
ing in the way of chimney but a hole in the roof, and the rest of the building, it 
seems, was the hearth. Pins were put in the logs of the wall, and slabs laid 
on these were the desks. The seats were made from slabs, and were, of course, 
without backs. Achsah Kent, now Mrs. Nathan Frink, was one of the earliest 
teachers here. After the log house, there was a frame built upon the same 
spot, which has been gone some twenty years, and the location of the house to 



194 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

take its place was on the east line of Section 26. A house was early built on 
the east line of Section 26, where school was kept for fifteen years. The site 
was then changed, and a brick house was built at the corners south in 1877, 
called the Ilaw Patch Schoolhouse. The Horner Schoolhouse, on Section 13, 
was built several years before the war, a rough frame, and was rebuilt about 
1870. 

About 1840, the first schoolhouse was built over the marsh. It was a log 
house in Elkhart County, near the chapel. Here Thomas Short was one of the 
earliest teachers. In 1845, the Eden Valley Schoolhouse was built within the 
township on John Aker's land. A new house has since been erected. In the 
old house, Margaret Bean was one of the first teachers. Noble County has 
built two schoolhouses within the limits of Eden, attended mostly by children 
of this township. The Sycamore School District, with the house in Clearspring, 
but including a portion of Eden, was organized in 1842, when Mahlon Hutch- 
inson was one of the trustees. The district receives its name from a tall syca- 
more of the Haw Patch, which used to stand at the corner until it was mis- 
chievously girdled. 

From the latest school statistics it appears that the township has 288 
children of school age, 190 of whom are in attendance each day upon the 
schools. The length of school is 142 days on an average. Nine teachers are 
employed at $1.55 and $1.39 per day. The revenue for the past year was 
$4,823.67, and the value of the school property is put at $5,890. 

An important movement in the direction of popular culture is the Syca- 
more Literary Society. This was started about seventeen years ago as a debat- 
ing society at the schoolhouse. But in 1878, a wider field of usefulness was 
chosen, and a more permanent organization effected and a charter obtained. 
Ira Ford and J. N. Babcock conceived the idea of the society's obtaining a 
hall for its exclusive use, and the other members went into the project enthusi- 
astically. The old Dunkard Church, then for sale, was bought, torn down, 
moved and rebuilt, in 1879, upon land at the "corners," donated by Orvin 
Kent. The building as refitted is 30x52 feet, and affords a good auditory for 
350 persons, and contains a stage and scenery. To do this work, the society 
borrowed $500 and was aided by donations. The debt is being paid from the 
proceeds of entertainments. The society at present has over forty members. 
J. N. Babcock is President and E. E. Stutsman, Secretary. 

There are but few industries in the township besides farming and stock- 
raising. But two permanent saw-mills and one grist-mill are in operation. 
The first saw-mill and grist-mill were built near the center of the township in 
1854, by Benedict Miller. The flouring-mill had two run of stones and did a 
fair custom work, but both mills were long ago burned down. 

In 1877, John and Amos Schrock built a grist-mill with two run of stones, 
and a large saw-mill on Section 9, at which a great deal of custom work has 
been done. The mills were sold in 1881 to Tobias Eash. The only business 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 195 

place in the township is Haw Patch Center or Haw Patch or " Slabtown," as 
it has been variously called. The most popular name for some time has 
been Slabtown, which the saw-mill has the credit of giving the origin to. 
This point was early selected as a site for trading. William McConnell, 
the first Postmaster, kept a small stock of goods near by at an early day. 
Timothy Hudson, Jr., kept a store on the Clearspring side of the street 
quite early, and also ran an ashery. The saw-mill, which is the most important 
part of Slabtown. was built by William and Timothy Hudson in 1856, and 
moved and rebuilt in 1874, by John Keim, who still runs it. About 1871, 
Jacob Crusen built a store in Slabtown, which was destroyed by fire two 
years later. John Keim then rebuilt upon the lot in 1877, and in this build- 
ing a general store was kept by Samuel Holland for a short time, and, since he 
retired, by Mr. Keim. 

In 1878, a building was erected by Thomas Trittapoo, in which another 
store has since been kept. John Peck, in 1877, made a substantial addition 
to the place by starting a well-equipped wagon and blacksmith shop. A large 
harness shop and fine brick residence were erected, in 1881, by J. Zook, on the 
Clearspring side, at the place of the old Hudson store. These business places 
and the Dunkard Church are the only public buildings in the village. " Slab- 
town " has never had the distinction of being platted, but that is among the 
bright prospects of the future. The neighborhood expected speedy prosperity 
and a great impetus to the growth of the country when the Canada Southern 
Railroad extension was surveyed through here in 1872. There was talk of 
railroad shops being located here. Thomas H. Gale, of Michigan, purchased 
over a section of improved land at high figures, as a speculation, and the road 
seemed certain to come, but the panic of 1873 came instead, and there is now 
little hope of a railroad through the Haw Patch. 

During the dry season of 1871, at the time of the Chicago fire, there was 
considerable danger to buildings near the marsh, and great loss in the way of 
fences and timber. About nine-tenths of the timber in the township was in- 
jured by the fires which swept over the swamp. Almost the entire marshes 
were burned over, and nothing but deep ditches, aided by persistent fighting of 
the fire, could check its course. That season of fire by night and clouds of 
smoke by day will long be remembered. But those few years, when the marshes 
needed some water, were exceptions. The great problem has been, generally, 
how to get rid of the surplus of water collected in these vast bogs. The first 
effort at drainage was the State ditch in the Big Marsh. Johnston Latta, at 
about the same time, a little before 1850, commenced the first private ditching, 
in the face of considerable discouragement from the neighbors, in the eastern 
branch of the swamp. The viewers and surveyors on these early ditches had 
a hard time of it in the trackless and bottomless bogs, and among the poison 
sumach. Since then, considerable attention has been paid to the drainage of 
the marshes, under the various laws of the State ; and it has perhaps resulted 



19t) HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

in as much litigation as drainage. In fact, however, a great deal of land has 
been reclaimed. A larger ditch than has ever yet been dug is being surveyed 
on the line of the old State ditch, and is to be made by assessments. 

The Eden of to-day is happy and prosperous. Part of the land is yet 
uninviting, but it is nowhere so bad as in the " New Eden " Dickens settled 
Mark Tapley upon ; a great portion of it is a beautiful garden, if not a para- 
dise ; at least, as near one as any spot in Hoosierdom. As for the people, they 
are intelligent, enterprising and cultured, and with a decided penchant for 
large farms and comfortable or even elegant homes, where a generous hospitality 
is always found. 



C HAP TE R XI. 

BY WESTON A. GOODSPEED. 



Springfield Township— MoKGOQUDCONG Fifty Tears Ago— The French Trad- 
ers—More OK THE Gage and Langdon War— Saw-Mills. Woolen-Mills, 
Distilleries, Etc.— Incidents of the "Hard Cider Campaign"— Wild 
Game— Township Organhzation— Village of Springfield- Schools and 
Chcrches-Spiritcalism— Union Hall. 

THE lirst white settler in what is now Springfield Township was probably 
John B. Clark, who, according to his sister, Mrs. Judge Prentiss, 
located on the west bank of Turkey Creek, near the center of the township, 
some time during the autumn of 1830. He was, of course, a squatter, as were 
also all others before the fall of 1832, and, so far as known, was the only one 
before the spring of 1831. At that time, a man named L. K. Brownell, an 
enterprising settler, located a claim at what is now Mongoquinong. He had 
considerable money at command, which was immediately invested in the con- 
struction of a dam across Pigeon River. At the same time, he began the erec- 
tion of a two-storied grist-mill, completing both it and the dam during the 
summer of 1831 ; so that, in August of the same year, a fair article of flour 
was furnished by the mill. Two sets of buhrs were employed, one for wheat 
and the other for corn. Mr. Brownell was not a practical miller, but employed 
a man, whose name is not remembered, to manage the running of the mill. The 
vicinity of the mill, in years before, had been the site of a temporary encamp- 
ment of Pottawatomies, and, for a number of years afterward they continued 
to assemble there at certain seasons. As every one knows, they were extremely 
fond of whisky, and would resort to any means to get it. An Indian (unless 
pretty well civilized) does not sell his furs ; he barters them for something he 
wants. He goes in for bulk, much as the- Irishman did with the boots. The 
result was that they were easily cheated by unscrupulous traders, who obtained 
their peltries for a comparative pittance. French traders from Fort Wayne 
established themselves at Mongo, two of them being (as well as the writer can 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 197 

spell their names), Druryeaur and Cuttieaur. The latter was in business in 
Fort Wayne, in the partnership of Comparet & Cuttieaur, while the former, so 
far as known, was not connected with them, unless in the purchase of fancy 
articles for the Indian trade, and in the disposal of the furs thus obtained. 
Druryeaur was at Mongo as soon as Brownell, and there he remained until late 
in the autumn of 1832, when so much hostility was shown him by every one, on 
account of his responsibility for the '• Gage and Langdon war," that he found 
it unprofitable to remain longer, whereupon he removed his trailing station, 
some say, to an Indian village in Michigan. Brownell, at the time he built 
his grist-mill, saw at once the profit to be realized from the sale of whisky to 
the Indians and the settlers ; and he, therefore, erected a large distillery build- 
ing near his mill, and employed a practical distiller to conduct the manufact- 
ure. His expectations were more than realized, as the most of his whisky 
(from thirty to forty gallons per day) was purchased and consumed almost as 
fast as it was made. The distillery and the mill together furnished a market 
for grain that the settlers appreciated. They could take their corn to the mill, 
get it ground, and then take it to the distillery, where it was either exchanged 
for so much whisky, or was brewed on shares. Druryeaur had a small trading- 
house across the river from the mill, where his furs were kept, and where he 
dealt out whisky to his red friends. As soon as the mill and the distillery 
were up and running, many persons searching homes were attracted to the 
spot. The place was certainly promising at that time, for there was the 
large encampment of Indians across the river from the mill ; there was the 
grist-mill furnishing flour and meal for a large section of country ; there was 
the abundance of large and excellent fish in the broad mill-pond ; there were 
the wild game and the furs of all kinds brought in by the Indians and the 
white trappers and hunters, and there was the market for grain. The mill and 
the distillery were no sooner up than a man named John O'Ferrell, a native of 
the " Emerald Isle," came to the place and erected a small storeroom, in 
which was placed a stock of goods worth about $-100. The stock consisted 
mainly of those miscellaneous articles most needed in the backwoods. Some say 
that Brownell owned part of the stock, and it is very likely he did, as he would 
scarcely let the golden opportunity of deriving so excellent a profit pass easily 
into other hands. The facts, however, as to the ownership of the store are not 
clear. O'Ferrell was certainly the first store-keeper, and, while he was there, 
kept the post office for a short time. Arthur Burrows opened a hotel in 1833, 
paying §7.50 per annum license. At the same time, O'Ferrell was licensed to 
sell merchandise, paying therefor $10 per annum, and at the same rate for the 
time he had been selling before without a license. There was a blacksmith at 
the village, but his name is not remembered. This was the Mongo of 1833. 

The originators or perpetrators of the Indian scare, known as the " Gage 
and Langdon war," were the Frenchman Druryeaur, the Irishman O'Ferrell. 
the Yankee Brownell, the German miller, and a few native Americans. Such 



198 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

a unity of niitionality could not fail to produce a sensation. All persona at the 
time were talking about the Black Hawk war, and speculating as to the probabil- 
ity of trouble with the Pottawatomies. Those easily frightened saw dreadful 
times ahead, and were ready for the scare. The details are told in the chapter 
on Greenfield. Langdon fled to Brushy Prairie, and told the few settlers there 
of the massacre at the mill. Men for miles around armed themselves and re- 
paired in haste to the spot, to assist in quelling the outbreak. Over one hun- 
dred assembled, though, for some reason unknown, no organization was effected. 
About seventy-five Indians were encamped near by. They thought the whites 
were going to attack them, and hung out the white flag. In truth, the settlers 
could hardly be restrained from firing upon them. It was not long before the 
truth became known, and then the perpetrators of the hoax were treated to an 
exhibition of wrath and indignation. So hostile were the settlers to the jokers 
that trade at the mill, the distillery and the store languished. Under this 
pressure, the Frenchman left the place ; and very likely the early disappear- 
ance of O'Ferrell, and the sale of the property of Brownell were hastened, if 
not caused, by their perpetration of the joke. Do not say the story is magni- 
fied. When 100 men assemble, armed and prepared for fight; when attempts 
are made to build forts and garrison islands iu lakes, that section of country is 
in earnest and means business. Such are the facts," at least. 

Among the earliest settlers in the township were William S. Prentiss, Ben- 
jamin Jones, Jesse Huntsman, Joseph Foos, Benjamin Foos, William Seaburn, 
Erastus Haskins, George Thompson, Elijah Fothergill, Drusus Nichols, Otis 
Shepardson, George Ray (Peckhara), William Bullmer, Samuel Bradford, Nor- 
man Dyer, Jacob and Isaac Gage, David Michael, Barnabas Thompson and 
others. At the same time, and prior to 1839, there came Leonard Appleman, 
Russell Brown, Almon Brine, Isaac Carpenter, Moses Chapin, Conrad Deal, 
W. B. Dunn, George Donaldson, Edwin Davis, Robert Dayton, William East- 
lick, the Emersons, Rufus Freeman, Robert and G. W. Greenfield, Elias Gil- 
ben, Job Gifi"ord, Jacob Greene, J. T. Hobbs, John and William Hall, Luke 
Hammond, Charles Hull, Sylvanus Hatch, Orsemus Jackway, Jehu Lackey, 
W. S. Newnam, D. I. and N. B. Newnam, T. H. Nichols, Harvey and Elisha 
Olmstead, Richard Rice, David Sockrider, Edward Smith, George Smith, Hi- 
ram Smith, E. G. Shepardson, James Shears, Elisha Talmage, B. B. Water- 
house, the Wades, Sheldon Williams, Job and James Wilcox, A. T. Wallace, 
Samuel H. Wright, Samuel Westcott, Ephraim Seeley, Jacob Vandeventer and 
others. The greatest rush into the township was during the years 1836 and 
1837. The terrible sickly season of 1838 swept away many of the settlers, 
and, on account of the drought, the crops of thittyear were poor. This state of 
things, followinir in the wake of the financial crash of 1837, carried hard timea 
to the verge of desperation. Counterfeiters, thieves and others of their ilk 
overran the country, and soon honest settlers could not depend upon the integ- 
rity of their neighbors. 





0^ 



TT/T/yV 



"Xc^piyt 



EDEN TR 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 201 

In 1832, George Bullmer erected a saw-mill on Pigeon River, in the 
eastern part of the township. A dam was built across the river after a great 
deal of trouble, and a short race or chute carried water to the flutter-wheel, which 
communicated motion to the saw. The mill was a good one, turning out a 
considerable quantity of lumber. In 1833, Samuel Bradford erected a saw- 
mill on Turkey Creek, about a mile from its mouth. The race was about half 
a mile long, and the owner himself expressed doubt, while it was being dug, 
whether it would carry the necessary water to the mill. George Thompson 
worked on the race, and, according to his account, the mill did not begin to 
run until the spring of 1834. The mill, greatly altered in appearance and 
capacity, is yet in operation. In 1838, William S. Prentiss erected one on the 
same creek, on Section 34 ; this is yet in operation. A saw-mill was early 
built at Mongo ; it is yet running. These were the only early mills. In the 
fall of 1834 or spring of 1835, Samuel Bradford erected an addition to his 
saw-mill, and placed therein the necessary machinery for carding wool. In 
November, 1836, he sold both mills and the eighty acres of land upon which 
they stand to Joshua T. Hobbs ; Mr. Crane was employed to conduct the card- 
ing-mill ; wool was taken there by the settlers to be carded, after which it was 
taken home, spun, woven into cloth, and returned to the mill to be dressed and 
colored. No cloth was probably manufactured, several old settlers to the con- 
trary. After many years, the property passed into the control of John and 
James Tinkler, who, for a short time, infused new life into the enterprise, and 
probably talked of purchasing weaving machinery and employing a weaver; 
they did not, however, but within about two years left the place with many 
debts behind, going to some point in Michigan. While the mill was under the 
ownership of Hobbs, large quantities of wool were carded, the value of the 
enterprise being fully appreciated by the settlers over a large scope of country. 
The carding-mill died with the disappearance of the Tinkler boys. 

In about the year 1836, or earlier, the mill property at Mongoquinong 
was purchased by Drusus Nichols, as were also the O'Ferrell store and the dis- 
tillery. A man named Skeels was employed to conduct the mill. In 1837, 
George Smith became the distiller. Nichols himself managed affairs at the 
store. He increased the stock until it was worth about $6,000, and at times had 
a very large trade. As high as fifty gallons of whisky were manufactured in 
one day. The distillery ran very successfully until about 1842, when it was 
destroyed by fire, and was not rebuilt. The old grist-mill was used under a 
change of owners until 1869, when the present structure was erected by C. L. 
Hawk, who is yet the owner. Nichols died about 1848, and the property 
passed to Robert Dykes, and afterward to others. Staley and Payne were 
coopers, who were in the village very early : they manufactured whisky kegs 
and barrels, and found a sale for all they could make, if not there, at other 
distilleries, of which there were several in surrounding townships. In 1835, 
there were some seven or eight families living in the village. William Hall 



202 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

was an early hotel keeper, as were also Albert Powell and a man named Davis. 
John Brisco and the Sheldons were other tavern keepers. The Sheldon 
brothers were physicians, and were among the earliest of that profession in the 
township. Erastus Haskins was an early blacksmith ; John D. Filkins was 
another. Whiie Judge Seeley was at Lima, a post office called Mongoquinong* 
was established there, and he received the appointment as Postmaster. About this 
time he removed to Greenfield Township, taking the ofiice, which retained the 
same name, with him. Finally, in about 1833 or 1834, he moved to Spring- 
field Township, and the office was removed to Union Mills, as it was then 
called, and O'Ferrell, or as some say Nichols, received the appointment as 
Postmaster ; the office still retaining its first name. Drusus Nichols was Post- 
master for many years. Mason Brown was an early mail carrier on the Fort 
Wayne & Lima road; Bourie of Fort Wayne was another; William Legg, 
another. During the years 18-14, 1845 and 1846, Drusus Nichols shipped over 
1,000 barrels of flour annually to Fort Wayne and other points, as to Adrian, 
Mich. At the same time, large quantities were consumed at home. Nichols 
built the first saw-mill at the village about the time he bought out Brownell and 
O'Ferrell. Robert Dykes, the successor of Nichols, carried on a very exten- 
sive business. Edmund G. Shepardson has been in business in the village for 
the past seventeen years. Mr. Hawk has been in business there for a long 
time. 

During the Presidential campaign of 1840, several prominent candidates 
for Congress were announced to speak in Mongoquinong. Eight hundred men 
gathered to hear them. Bands of martial music came in four-horse wagons, 
with drums beating and colors flying. Great enthusiasm was manifested for 
" Tippecanoe and Tyler too." A gayly decorated wagon from Angola appeared, 
the wagon-box being a large canoe, in which a fine martial band was seated. 
It was a great Whig day, though many Democrats were present to see the 
show and hear the speakers. Games were projected, and the sturdy politicians 
enjoyed themselves. It is said that Samuel Burnside, at hop, step and jump, 
on this day, cleared forty-six feet. Losey Young and John Davidson did about 
as well. Otis Shepardson, Sr., felt unwell while in Nichols' store, whereupon 
the latter bathed his head with whisky. This started the idea that every Dem- 
ocrat present should be baptized with whisky into the Whig faitii. It is im- 
possible to describe the scene that ensued. Whigs with mugs of whisky in 
their hands were seen in all directions chasing down Democrats, running 
through houses and gardens, jumping fences, clearing ditches in their precipi- 
tous efforts at political regeneration. Many were baptized on that well-remem- 

* The meaning of the Indian word "MoDgoquinoDg^Ms uncertain. The moat trustworthy reports say that it 
was applied by the Indians to the prairie east of Lima, the open country being linown by that name among the Pot- 
tawitttomiee when the county was first seliled by the whites, or even years before, when the Indian tniders were the 
only white persons. Various meanings have been given the term — that it eigniiies " Big Squaw," or 'Big Chief" or 
" Big White Sqnaw," or as meaning both man and woman. Those who hold the last view say, that Sfti-nW'kah-mong 
means white man, mong meaning man; alto, that Shi-mo-Jiah-noug means white woman, nong meaning woman. These 
two terms placed together and united by the proper connective would give mong (oqui}nongmeaningman and woman 
This etymological analysis of the word, though plausible, cannot be maintained on good authority. The burden of 
evidence is that the term means " Big Squaw." 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 203 

bered day. Drusus Nichols employed a surveyor, and, in March, 1840, had 
laid out about one hundred and eighty lots on Sections 5 and 8. This was the 
first plat of Mongoquinong. That long name has been lately shortened to 
Mongo. The population of the village has probably at no time exceeded one- 
hundred and fifty. 

In early years, the streams of Springfield afforded an excellent place to 
fish and hunt. Hunters with flaming torches would float down the streams in 
canoes, and the deer which had come to drink would stand and stare at the 
light until shot. E. G. Shepardson and a companion were thus engaged one 
night, when they approached a deer so closely that they could have reached 
out their hands and touched it. Shepardson shot it through the heart. The 
report of the rifle rang in the ears of his companion for many years afterward. 
The deer fell partly across the boat. An old Indian near there was thus en- 
gaged one dark night, when he shot a deer that plunged into his canoe, upset- 
ting it, and spilling the red man and his accouterments into the river. The 
old fellow reached shore in safety. Many years ago, the workmen who were 
excavating under a barn in the township unearthed two human skeletons, proba- 
bly those of Indians. Some say the skeletons belonged to persons who were 
murdered by a man named Hubbard, who had lived there very early, and who 
afterward was convicted of murder in Allen County, and punished. Springfield 
has within its border a Government signal station. 

After the organization of the county, and prior to May, 1834, Springfield 
Township remained attached to Greenfield ; but, at the latter date, the County 
Commissioners — in response to a petition presented them by John B. Clark, 
Jesse Huntsman, Joseph and Benjamin Foos, William Seaburn, Benjamin Jones, 
William S. Prentiss, and possibly a few others, who had sometime before met at 
a cabin built and abandoned by Samuel Gauthrop. and had drawn up the peti- 
tion in which it was asked that a new township be created, and that it be named 
Springfield — ordered the creation of such township, and directed that the first 
election be held at the residence of Benjamin Jones, on the first Monday in 
August, 1834. Mr. Prentiss was appointed Inspector of the election. Who 
were elected to the difierent township offices is not remembered. George Thomp- 
son was appointed by the Commissioners in September, 1834, to serve as Con- 
stable. In May, 1835, they appointed Benjamin Jones and Jesse Huntsman 
to officiate as Overseers of the Poor ; and David Michael and Edward Smith as 
Fence Viewers. At this time, the township was divided into two road districts, 
the division line being Turkey Creek. Joseph Foos was appointed Supervisor 
for the district west of the creek, and Leonard Appleman for that on the east- 
side. Jane Clark, daughter of John B. Clark, was the first white child born 
in the township, June 4, 1831. In 1832, Ephraim Seeley, Esq., married Will- 
iam S. Prentiss and Jane Mary Clark. Some highly interesting works of the 
Mound-Builders are found in the western part of the township — fortifications, 
mounds, war implements, etc. 



2U4 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

The village of Springfield was laid out by Leonard Appleman in 1842, 133 
lots being surveyed and ofl'ered for sale. About the same time, he built a store- 
room and placed on its shelves several thousand dollars' worth of a general as- 
sortment of goods. At this time, he also built a warehouse and began buying 
a considerable quantity of grain, and began packing pork. He had at his com- 
mand a goodly sum of money, and for many years he dealt in these articles, hir- 
ing teamsters to convey his purchases to market at the most favorable seasons. 
By shrewd management, experience and a judicious expenditure of capital, he 
realized handsome profits. Mr. Appleman's besetting sin was his ungovernable 
appetite for strong drink. After his death, which occurred just before the last 
war, his son, John Appleman, took charge of the father's business. Frank 
Hamilton was in the Appleman building with goods for a few years during the 
lifetime of Leonard Appleman. Zekiel Brown and David Paulus, partners, 
sold goods in the village about the commencement of the last war. George Por- 
ter sold goods some nine years ago. Frederick Neutz and Hugh A. Porter were 
in with groceries for a short time. Then came William Strayer. Dr. House 
located there at an early day. He was succeeded by Dr. Grifiith. Dr. Alpharis 
M. Spaulding, a physician of the old school, established himself there some 
twenty-six years ago, where he has since remained enjoying a lucrative practice 
and the confidence of his patrons. The whisky traffic became so strong in the 
village for a series of years before the war, and so many young men through its 
influence were drawn into dissipation, and even crime, that the sober citizens at 
last determined that it must stop. In 1857, Dr. Spaulding, William S. Pren- 
tiss, Minot Goodsell, T. C. Dille and others, ten or twelve in all, under proper 
authority, organized themselves into a lodge of Good Templars. This lodge 
grew rapidly in power and influence, and soon its members numbered over 
one hundred. Excellent work in the right direction was done, young and old 
men were reclaimed to lives of sobriety, and the sale for ten months was wholly 
stopped. But the excitement of war time came on, and, in about 1861, the 
lodge suiTendered its charter. Afterward, when a keg of whisky was brought 
to the village, three of the most prominent citizens employed a young man for 
$3 to bore an auger hole in the bottom, from which all the liquor escaped and 
was lost. The old " Mayflower Lodge of Good Templars " will be remembered 
with pleasure for many long years in the future. A Masonic Lodge was organ- 
ized in Springfield about six years ago, with twelve or fifteen charter members. 
They were so scattered that, after a short time, the charter was surrendered. 
The membership did not exceed twenty-five. It was called '■ Prentiss Lodge, 
No. 505." George Bassett and Conrad Deal were early tavern-keepers. T. 
C. Dille was a cabinet-maker, an undertaker, and a carpenter. His work 
may be seen in all directions. The population of the village has probably at no 
time exceeded seventy-five. In 1880, the following persons had passed the age 
of seventy-five : Susan Arnold, seventy-six ; Eunice Fuller, eighty-six ; Harriet 
Gilbert, seventy-five; Lydia Hugh, eighty-one ; Christopher Hawk, ninety; 




ly^/Aj ^^/^ /'/Ai^ q/^'^7 



EDEN TP. 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 207 

Lena Hawk, seventy-five; Willis Haskins, eighty- two ; Daniel Hart, seventy- 
seven ; Sarah Notestine, seventy-five ; David L. Poppino, eighty-two ; Henry 
Talmage, seventy-six : Maria Tele, eighty-four ; Samuel Westcott, eighty-four. 
The first schoolhouse in the township was built on Section 20, near the 
cemetery, as early as 1836, or perhaps 1835, and Otis Shepardson, Jr., was em- 
ployed to teach the first term of school. It is thought this term was taught dur- 
ing the winter of 1835-36. A Mr. Melindy was an early teacher in this house. 
He was a Vermonter, and an eccentric character. After this building had been 
used but a few years, another was erected about a half a mile south, on Thomp 
son's Corners. This was a frame structure, and was used many years. Finally 
the district was divided a few years before the last war, and two houses were 
built, one near the Chapman farm, and the other south on the Sears Corners 
The latter was destroyed by fire but was soon rebuilt. New houses have lately 
taken the place of both. In about the year of 1840, a log cabin th3,t had 
been built just north of Appleman Lake, for a dwelling, but abandoned, was 
fitted up for a schoolhouse, and Miss Harriet Twitchell, from near Orland, was 
hired to teach, receiving about $1.50 per week, and boarding around. Some 
ten years later, a frame schoolhouse was built near the same spot, and, in 
this building, Russell Brown was the first teacher. This house was used until 
the present one was built some eight or ten years ago. A log schoolhouse was 
standing at the Talmage Corners at a very early day. The name of the first 
teacher is not remembered. It is said that this house was either built as a 
combined church (Baptist) and schoolhouse, or else it was converted to religious 
uses afterward, as various denominations (Baptist, Methodist, etc.) had small 
classes there at a very early day. A schoolhouse was built quite early in the 
Sanderson neighborhood. New houses have succeeded the old. The Schultz 
Schoolhouse was erected about seven years ago, when the district in the forks 
was created. For a number of years prior to 1855, the few families in Spring- 
field village had no church, and were compelled to send their children some dis- 
tance to one of the country schools. Finally it was resolved to build a com- 
bined church and schoolhouse. The Township Trustees agreed to give $300 
toward the erection of such a house, providing it was used at proper times as a 
schoolhouse. To this the villagers agreed, they giving $-400 that the building 
might, when not occupied by the school, be used for a church of any Christian 
denomination. The building is provided with a steeple, a curious appendage 
for a schoolhouse, but an imposing one for a church. This house was built dur- 
ing the summer of 1855, but prior to that several terms of select school had 
been taught in the village. In about 1838, a log school building was erected 
on the line between Sections 27 and 28, just north of William Dunbar's. Miss 
Ellen Wheeler taught the first term here. She boarded around. This house 
was used for school purposes about four years, and was then superseded by the 
school of the Phalanx. The schoolroom at the last-named place was in the 
second story over the dining-room. There were some forty families connected 



208 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

with the association (for sketch of which see county chapter), with an enumer- 
ation of over sixty scholars. School was taught there the year round, save 
short vacations between the terms. At the time, this was perhaps the best 
school in the county, or at least one of the best. Judge Prentiss, a noble man, 
and a graduate of Harvard College, taught several terms. An assistant teacher 
was employed. Mr. Parker was one of the teachers. None but capable men 
were given charge of the school, as several of the higher branches were taught, 
and a thorough system of discipline was required. At the dissolution of the as- 
sociation the school ended, and then the few children in the district were sent 
to other schools until about thirteen years ago, when the present house, a frame, 
was built. Miss Ellen Foos was the first teacher in this house. Miss Ella 
Ewing is the present teacher, receiving $30 per month. In about 1839, a 
frame schoolhouse was built about a half a mile northwest of Monsro. It 
was a good house and was used there until about 1845, when it was moved to 
Mongo, and used until eight or nine years ago, when the present two-story 
frame structure was erected, at a cost of about $1,800. Two teachers are em- 
ployed at present. The enumeration is about eighty scholars. The house was 
paid for partly by subscription and partly from the township funds. A school- 
house was built in District No. 1 about thirty-eight years ago, by E. G. Shep- 
ardson. He also built one farther west about ten years later. 

The M. E. Church society at Talmage Corners started up in 1838 with a 
membership of fourteen under the ministration of Rev. G. M. Boyd. . Among 
the early members were Jehu Lackey and wife, Mrs. Nichols, W. S. Newnam, 
Susan Newnam, William Seaburn and wife, Conrad Deal and wife, William 
Herbert and wife, N. B. Newnam and wife, Frank Hamilton and wife, and 
others. The Talmages have been prominent and excellent citizens since a very 
early day. They have been closely identified with religious work. This Meth- 
odist society has had its years of depression, and its periods of financial embar- 
rassment; yet there is not another in the county that has clung to its constant 
exercises so well. The members are justly proud of their church, which was 
built many years ago. The Brushy Prairie M. E. Society was organized in 
1836 by Rev. T. B. Conley. Eleven "persons joined at the time of organiza- 
tion. The church was built in 1842, largely at the expense of B. B. Water- 
house, the Greenfields, Mr. Carpenter, the Austins and others. Rev. Conley 
was a faithful, consistent, true-hearted Christian. His temporal welfare had at 
one time been somewhat neglected, as the members of the church gave donation 
parties to other servants. He said nothing. One evening, a few of the more 
thoughtful ones, accompanied by a retinue of outsiders, surprised him with a 
large quantity of valuables. The kind-hearted old man was so touched by the 
act, that, in his reply to the presentation speech, he completely broke down with 
sobs and blessings. His God had not forsaken him. The writer was unable to 
get at the facts regarding the Baptist society of early years at Talmage Cor- 
ners. A United Brethren society was organized at Mongo in 1879. Rev. T. 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 209 

A. Childs, of Lima, was instrumental in effecting the organization. Tiie first 
members were Dr. A. W. Jones and wife, George W. Hall and wife, Benjamin 
Tanner and wife, James Downs and wife and Abraham Shafer. Samuel Mc- 
Kenzie was the class leader. The society has increased but little in num- 
bers. A neat frame church was built in 1880 at a cost of about $1,500, one- 
half being given by outsiders. There is a debt on the church at present of 
about $500 ; but this will soon be paid off, suitable provision having been made 
with that result in view. Sunday school has been conducted for some two 
years, Dr. C. M. Whitzel being the first superintendent. T. A. Childs was the 
first pastor. Rev. Melvin Bell at present preaches every two weeks for the so- 
ciety, and is paid $50 per year for such service. The lot upon which the 
church stands cost $100, and was included in the figures above. There are 
many Free Thinkers in Mongo, and, indeed, throughout Springfield Township. 
They are outspoken, argumentative, thoughtful, uncertain, peculiar and icon- 
oclastic. Some thirty-four years ago, the Spiritualists hold " seances " or "cir- 
cles," in various portions of the township, and large crowds gathered to hear 
them. Mediums of great repute were secured from abroad, to visit the town- 
ship for the purpose of giving public exhibition of the fact that the spirits of 
departed friends could be conversed with. The result was that scores were con- 
verted to the new faith ; and the other religious societies languished under the 
influence of the new. At last, great opposition was manifested by the ortho- 
dox, who often denied them the use of schoolhouses or other buildings in which 
to assemble. In June, 1858, at a public meeting of the following men — W. S. 
Prentiss, Jesse Huntsman, Benjamin Jones, Harvey Olmstead, Ed. Dyer, 
George Thompson and others — it was resolved to build a free hall, and names 
and subscribed amounts were appended to the following instrument : 

We, the subscribers, a Toluntary association, for religious, scientific and benevolent pur. 
poses, hereby agree to pay the sums affixed to our names to aid in building a hall, which shall 
be open for lectures, discourses and discussions on various subjects, with no favor to any one 
sect or class of persons, and which shall never be closed to any one who may, within the bounds 
of good behavior, wish to advocate, explain or discuss his or her opinions on the above-named 
subjects ; and, for the purpose of proceeding legally, we hereby avail ourselves of the act of the 
Legislature of Indiana, approved June 17, 1852, entitled : "An act to enable trustees to receiva 
lands and donations of money, the same for the use of schools, churches, religious societies, etc., 
and for constructing houses of worship and other buildings named." 

The building was immediately erected at a cost of about $800, and was 
named " Union Hall." It has been used for the purpose stated since its erec- 
tion, but the orthodox denominations avoid using it. Free Sunday schools 
have been held there. An excellent lyceum is conducted there almost every 
winter, and exhibitions are given to secure sufficient funds to keep the building 
in repair. 



CHAPTER XII. 

by r. h. rerick. 

Clearspring Township— Introductory— Topography— Early Appearance 
OF THE Country— The Coming of the Pioneer— The Settler's Home- 
Rollings and Raisings— Industrial Development— Incidents and Sta- 
tistics—The Teacher and the Preacher. 

IN the beginning of this century, the beautiful country now covered with 
fertile farms and meadows and woodland, whi(;li is called Clearspring, was a 
terra mcognita to the white man. The Indians alone roamed through its 
unbroken forests, hunting the game and refreshing themselves at the springs 
that made this locality so attractive. The country presented no peculiar 
advantages to the farmer, as a whole, though in the southwest there lay the 
eastern part of that broad and extremely fertile opening, called the Haw 
Patch. The remainder of the thirty-six miles was a rolling country, covered by 
forests of beech, oak and maple, which were to be felled before the fertile soil 
would yield its riches to the patient pioneer. Clearspring and Eden were at 
first one township, and their fitness for such a union was shown by the first set- 
tlement. The best lands in each township lie near the line separating them, 
and this fact invited settlement about the Haw Patch, while the swamps to the 
east and the west kept those sections backward in their development. The 
first settler in Clearspring was not bound down by sectional lines. He rose 
above township limitations. His log-house, at least, was raised precisely upon 
the town line, and he could bid defiance, as it was jocosely remarked after the 
division of the towns, to the constabulary of either. Anthony Nelson, this 
first settler, came into Indiana from Ohio in 1829, and located first in Elkhart 
County, and then came to this township and entered two eighty-acre lots in 
1831, which he occupied the next year, and has ever since lived upon. Mr. 
Nelson is now eighty-five years of age. One of the next comers was Dr. David 
Rogers, who was in the township in 1833, from Wayne County, N. Y., and 
entered 1,280 acres of land in this township and Eden, as a speculator. He 
spent much time in tlie township, however, and for the last fifteen or eighteen 
, years of his life resided here almost continually, collecting herbs and roots for 
medicine, and attending to a considerable practice as a physician. He also 
made a business of selling extracts, essences, etc., in the East, and traveled a 
great deal for that purpose. He collected his simples in all parts of the East, 
as well as here. He was a man of many eccentricities, and a real " naturalist." 
He would often spend the summer in a cave or in a slight shed, preferring to 
have nothing more artificial between him and the canopy of heaven. His 
house, a sort of adobe contrivance, was on his land in Section 22, but he lived 
much of the time with his neighbor, Erastus Nelson. Dr. Rogers died in 1871, 



CLEARSPRING TOWNSHIP. 211 

and was buried on a little hill near his home, overlooking the Haw Patch road, 
where there is a fine shaft of marble bearing the inscription : " Dr. David 
Rogers, born June 2, 1786, died February 2-t, 1874, aged eighty-five years 
eight months and twenty-two days. He was the friend of the invalid, and gave 
medicine without money and without price." 

He left a will dated March 7, 1868, by which he bequeathed the remain- 
der of his lands lying in this county, consisting of eighty acres in Clearspring 
and one hundred and sixty in Eden " to the Commissioners of the county of 
La Grange and their successors in ofiice forever, in trust forever, for the use 
and benefit of the orphan poor, and for other destitute persons of said county." 

Norman Sessions settled on Section 27 in 1834. He was married to Min- 
erva Gaines, of Eden, by Justice William McConnell, February 8, 1835. 
This was the first marriage in the township. His first child was, it is thought, 
the first born in the township and also the first one to die. It was buried in a 
lot then donated (1837), by Elisha Pixley, for a burying-ground. Mr. Sessions 
himself died at the age of thirty-two, in March. 1841. 

In 1834, John Sprout settled at first with Anthony Nelson upon the line, 
but afterward moved upon Section 19, where he died in 1878. Nathan Bishop 
of North Carolina, sometimes called the first settler, came April 12, 1834, 
with his young son Robert, and nephew, Robert H., and entered upon land in Sec- 
tion 22. Nathan Bishop, a Free- Will Baptist, was the first preacher in the 
township. He held service at his home for many years, and organized a soci- 
ety which met there, but gradually died out. In addition to this w ork, Mr. 
Bishop preached at various places throughout the town. He died March 3, 
1850. His eldest son Robert, who was born in 1799, still lives on the old 
farm. In the early days he was the only blacksmith in the town, and, with his 
father, built and worked the first tannery in that vicinity. James Gordon, a 
son-in-law of Nathan Bishop, came with him and had the honor of sowing the 
first wheat in Clearspring, on Section 28, and of being the first mason. Amos 
Newhouse, with his son John, settled on Section 32, in the spring of 1835, and 
began clearing the large farm, which he occupied until his death in 1875. He 
was a native of Virginia, and is remembered as a quiet and industrious man. 
A half mile from Mr. Newhouse's estate lies the farm upon the county line, 
which John S. Gibson, after living at the Haw Patch a short time, occupied in 
the same j'ear, and at this date still lives to enjoy. 

Elijah Pixley was another settler of 1835, from Union County, Ind., and 
began here his farming life upon Section 28, where he lived until his death in 
1874. Upon his land were located the first schoolhouse, the first burying- 
ground and the first church in the township. His sons Edward and James 
Pixley have since been residents of Clearspring. The year 1836 was the time 
of increased immigi-ation, and many of the best citizens coming that year were 
able, at the time of the Centennial celebration of the nation, to commemorate the 
fortieth anniversary of their settlement. Among these was Charles Roy, who 



212 HISTORY OF LA GRAXGE COUNTY. 

came with his family upon his land in Section 22, near the center of the town- 
ship, on the 20th of June. Mr. Roy has always been an energetic man, and has 
made valuable improvements. He was the first to raise fruit to any i^reat 
extent, and early had a nursery of 700 trees, and an orchard of ten acres. 
He was also one of the first to raise mint and distill the oil, and came to do an 
extensive business in this line. Simeon Crosby came from New York and set- 
tled in the west half of Section 34, but died in 1839, three years after his 
arrival. A daughter, Sarah Crosby, was one of the first married in the town- 
ship, then a part of Eden, .being married to John Hubbard, September 12, 
1836, by Rev. James Latta. 

Nicholas Lowe and wife came from Maryland and settled on Section 29, 
where he came to possess 300 acres of land upon which he and his son, Rev. 
Thomas H. Lowe, now reside. Ernestus Schermerhorn, of Syracuse, N. Y., 
was in the township at this time, and bought land in the northeast, but did not 
settle until 1839. He died forty years later, February 8, 1876. Willard 
Hervey came in this year, at first to the home of Simeon Crosby, whose daugh- 
ter he married in 1839. This lady, when Miss Sebrina Crosby, had taught 
school in Amasa Durand's house, north of La Grange. It is told of her, as 
an instance of what the pioneer girls had to endure, that at one time, when 
living at home, and her father dangerously ill and without any remedy or doc- 
tor near, she walked through the forests the whole distance to Lima, about 
fifteen miles, to bring Dr. Jewett, the nearest physician. Most of the journey, 
an Indian trail was the only road, and at one point she had to cross Buck 
Creek, which was swollen with floods, and only partially bridged with logs. 
But she pulled off her shoes, and jumping from log to log, made the passage 
safely and brought the doctor to her father. In 1836, October 3, William 
Dallas, of Ohio, settled in Section 26, on the present land of Norton Kinnison. 
He had with him his sister aud fourteen motherless children, of whom, Samuel, 
Lorenzo, George, Joseph and Levi are now well-to-do citizens of the township. 
His home was near the Elkhart River, near where it emerges from a group of 
lakes, of which the most eastern lie partly in the township. These four bod- 
ies of water, the largest of which is called Dallas Lake, are the only ones in 
Clearspring, and occupy but about three hundred acres. Mr. Dallas at once 
began to utilize the water-power of the river, and in 1837 built a grist-mill 
near his home. This was a considerable undertaking for a man in his circum- 
stances, and in such a remote place. But his perseverance carried it through, 
and it was soon completed and ready to grind the grists of the few farmers for 
miles around. Before this time the wheat had been carried to Goshen, Ontario 
or Van Buren. " Uncle Billy's corn-cracker," as it was called, was of a very 
primitive and simple construction. The building, built of whitewood logs, 
was so low that the man who put the grain in the hopper had to make a 
humble passage beneath the rafters. There were no castings about the mill ; 
all was wood except the mill-stones, and of these there were but one pair, and 



CLEARSPRINfi TOWNSHIP. 213 

the millstone shaft, a flat bar of iron. A bolt only was necessary and that 
was soon supplied, but there were no cog-wheels or belting, and consequently 
this had to be revolved at first by hand, a process which required a good deal 
of muscle. Sometimes the patrons of the mill were called on to assist in this 
operation. The mill had a capacity for grinding about fifty bushels in twenty- 
four hours, but never was called on for such an extraordinary business. To 
this mill men came with their grain from the whole neighborhood (and neigh- 
borhoods were large in those days) in ox carts, on horseback, afoot or in canoes. 
It was an accommodating institution, run by one of the most accommodating 
men that ever blessed a new community with his presence. 

Three or four years later, Mr. Dallas built a saw-mill near by, which, after 
his death, was run by Van Kirk until the dam broke, about 1851. " Uncle 
Billy" Dallas, as he was familiarly called, died many years ago (in 1847), but 
his many virtues still live in the memory of the old settlers. 

Others, who came in 1836, are James Haviland, who built the first barn ; 
Henderson Potts, the first disciple of Crispin ; N. P. Osborn and David Ray. 

We have named those who were here by 1836, and, by common consent, 
are called the "old settlers" — at least the earliest settlers. Among them, 
however, should be included Hawley Peck, born in Connecticut in 1810, who 
bought eighty acres in Clearspring in 1836, but did not come until 1838, when 
he concluded to settle here, and bought 160 acres more, and in 1844 commenced 
improvements upon it. He has done much for the advancement of the town- 
ship, and his large family of sons and daughters (now grown to manhood and 
womanhood) are among the best people of the county. Charles S. Sperling, 
now eighty-nine years of age, the oldest man in the township, settled, in 1843, 
upon Section 4. 

After 1836, the immigration proceeded rapidly, and the many settlers 
since then we cannot name except as they were connected with the events of 
the general history of the township. 

As the tide of population came in, the price of land rose, and the low price 
of $1.25 that the Government asked was increased to $3 or f4 in 1836 and to 
$8 or $10 two years later. With this change, the price of products decreased; 
but in the earliest years the contrast with the present was not very marked. 
Wheat then was worth $1 per bushel ; corn, 50 cents ; oats, 37 cents ; butter, 
S7^ cents; soft soap, 37 cents per gallon; hogs, $10 to $14; cows, $30. 

The Indians were removed before 1840 and the white men left in undis- 
turbed possession. The Pottawatomies were, however, not in any way trouble- 
some to the pioneers. There were a great many of them in the township, es- 
pecially in the south, where they had a camping-ground on a high ridge, now 
known as the "Hogback." They were agriculturists in a small way, and 
raised corn on low ground near the ridge. But they were very conservative in 
their farming. One year a party of them planted corn on the farm of Anthony 
Nelson and were very much opposed to his plowing and harrowing the ground; 



214 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

but, when he came to mark out the patch in rows, their disgust was unbounded. 
The chief Kookoosh, however, was wise enough to respect the pale face's little 
eccentricities in farming and kept his men at work, and they succeeded in rais- 
ing a very good crop. Another old chief was one of those few red men who 
justify the poet's account of " Lo, the poor Indian ! " He seemed to see " God 
in the clouds and hear him in the wind," and at every meal, before he would 
partake of any food, he would invoke the blessing of the Great Spirit. The 
Indians were always ready for a trade with the pioneers, and would exchange 
venison, cranberries, moccasins and trinkets for vegetables and whatever the 
white men had to spare. A famous spring on the farm of Charles Roy, known 
as Clearspring, whence the township derived its name, was a great resort for 
the Indians, and there were many other springs, such as Indian Spring, south 
of the first named, which their trails passed. 

In March, 1837, the Commissioners set off from Eden Township the terri- 
tory now known as Clearspring, and ordered an election at Elijah Pixley's, on 
the first Monday of April. In accordance with this, some fifteen or twenty 
voters met at the appointed place, and proceeded to vote for township officers. 
The records cannot be found, and, consequently, a full list is impossible, but it 
is believed that the first Trustees were Ernestus Schermerhorn, Willard Hervey 
and Elijah Pixley, and the first Justices, William F. Beavers and Norman Ses- 
sions. N. P. Osborn'was chosen Clerk, and received $3 for his year's service. 
The Trustees were paid §2.25 each for the first year. Beavers was soon after, 
June 23, married to Mary J. Cummins, of this township. 

The Justices since then, as far as the county records show, have been : 
William Harding, 1839-49 ; John Strang, 1843-48 ; Hawley Peck, 1848-51 : 
William D. Sloan, 1849-50; William H. H. Aldrich, 1850-52; John Strang, 
1851-55 ; Nathan P. Osburn, 1852-56 ; William Price, 1856-60 ; John L. 
Strang, 1860-64 ; William Yarwood, 1865-73 ; Orvin Kent, 1867-71; Wil- 
lard Hervey, 1871-75; James Chandler, 1873-77; Thomas H. Low, 1875- 
79; James Chandler, 1877-81; Norman Babcock, 1879. The records 
of the township were kept o.n papers or memorandum books until 1844, 
when the Trustees made an appropriation for record books and for copy- 
ing old records. But the records, notwithstanding this provision, are not to be 
found for any earlier year than 1842. The place of election was then still at 
the house of Elijah Pixley. The spring election of that year resulted in the 
choice of Elijah Osborn, William Dallas and John Strang, as Trustees ; N. P. 
Osborn, Clerk, and Anson Lewis and Caleb Strang, Constables. At that time, 
there were three Trustees. In 1845, William Dallas, William Harding and 
Benjamin Chandler were elected ; in 1846, Chandler, Charles Roy and Amos 
Newhouse ; in 1848, Chandler, Roy and E. Osborn ; in 1850, William Baxter, 
Charles Roy and John Kitchen ; in 1852, Baxter, Kitchen and W. D. Sloan ; 
in 1854, Charles G. Doty, Erastus Nelson and John Tumbleson. At the spring 
election of next year, but one Trustee was elected, and this has since been the 



'f 




^i^yiM/ ^C-Tr£lA^ 



CLEAR SPRING TP. 



CLEARSPRING TOWNSHIP. 217 

rule. The Trustees since have been : Schuyler Nelson, 1855 ; John Kitchen, 
Sr., 1859; Schuyler Nelson, 1862; John Kitchen, Sr., 1863; Joel Mil- 
ler, 1864; Christopher Hooley, 1865; Erastus Nelson, 1870; John Green- 
await, 1876 ; John Price, 1880. Among the early Clerks were W. H. 
H. Aldridge, in 1846 ; William H. Price, 1850, who still lives in the 
township with his son, the present Trustee, and Richard Green, a popular, 
but rather eccentric old settler, who for many years constituted the " Anti- 
Masonic party " in the county. The place of election was in 1842 removed to 
the house of Nathan Bishop ; in 1845, to Charles Roy's, and about 1854 to the 
Bishop Schoolhouse. 

At the taking of the 1880 census, the returns for the township 
show that the following-named persons, residents thereof, were of the age 
set opposite their names, the object being to show those who had attained 
the age of seventy-five or over, viz.: Robert Bishop, seventy-nine ; Sarah 
Misner, seventy-five ; Eliza Parks, seventy-five ; Samuel Smith, seventy-five ; 
Benjamin VVortinger, seventy-five ; Charles S. Sperling, eighty-eight. 

In 1846, Hawley Peck began the growing of mint and manufacture of oil, 
which became quite an industry in- the township. The oil was canned and 
shipped to the East, or sold to buyers who would collect it, and found a ready 
sale at prices varying from §1.25 to $5 per pound. Several persons engaged in 
mint raising, Charles Roy and Erastus Nelson being among the earliest and 
most extensive growers. The annual production varied in value between 
$5,000 and $10,000, until within the last few years, when the industry has 
been discontinued. 

Before 1850, there was serious talk of running the road now called the 
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Air Line, through the southern part of the 
township. A line was surveyed, and there were positive assurances of the 
building of the road through Clearspring, which induced the hope of a speedy 
rise in the value of real estate, and the growth of a flourishing town on the site 
of " Slabtown." Years after, when the road was finally built, the superior 
persuasive powers of the land-owners of the little village of Kendallville led 
the engineers to adopt a more southern route, and Clearspring's first hope of 
being on an east-and-west iron line was blasted. But it was through no fault 
of the early settlers, who did their best to secure the road, and were at one time 
positively assured of it. 

As there has never been a village in the township, the business history is 
very light. The first store was kept by the Cummings family, south of " Slab- 
town," upon the Eden town line, and Timothy Hudson, Jr., afterward kept a 
store at his house in Clearspring, in connection with the saw-mill and tannery. 
The first brick yard was on Harrison Smith's land, on "Jordan street," and 
two are now in operation, by B. F. Ditman and Henry J. Ulmer. 

In 1873, there were two granges of the Patrons of Husbandry organized 
in the township. One, the Clearspring Grange, met at Pixley's Schoolhouse, 



218 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

and had at one time forty members. The Worthy Master was John Gillette, 
and Secretary, Ira Ford. The Dallas Grange met at Curl's ; Ichabod Jones 
was the first presiding officer. These associations survived until 1880. This 
movement met with greater encouragement in this township and Eden than in 
any otlier part of the county. 

The numerous narrow trails of the Indians were the first roads of the 
settlers, but steps were soon taken to make highways. Anthony Nelson was 
at one time notified of his appointment as Road Supervisor, and promptly mus- 
tered his forces and went to work, camping out nights until his job was com- 
pleted. His road district extended from Lima to Ligonier. Elijah Pixley was 
one of the earliest Supervisors, and built the road running east from Sycamore 
Corners in 1835-36. Orvin Kent, not at that time a permanent resident in the 
township, but who later became one of the most influential men of Clearspring, 
was that year upon his land, and was called upon to assist on this road. This 
was the first road in the township, and formed part of the Haw Patch, or 
Ligonier road. 

In 1842, the township was divided into four road districts, which increased 
to eleven in 1846, and now number fifteen. The roads are generally good ones, 
and kept in excellent condition. In 1872, there was an excellent prospect for 
the building of the Chicago & Canada Southern road through the south of the 
township. It was, in fact, a sure thing. But the panic of 1873 came, and 
Clearspring is still without a railroad. 

The first school in the town was held in a little log house on Charles 
Roy's land, southwest of Clearspring, in the fall of 1839. The teacher was 
Miss Anna Maria Crosby (daughter of Simeon C), who married Samuel Dallas 
in 1841. The pioneer schoolma'am then, dressed in homespun linsey-woolsey, 
teaching in a log house, twelve feet square, for $1.25 per week, was in great 
contrast, as to her surroundings and facilities, with the teacher of modern days 
in the comfortable buildings which dot the township over. But in earnest 
teaching and real success in their work, the first school teachers need fear 
nothing from a contrast with the modern "educator." The text-books which 
the boys and girls of that day used were mainly Webster's Speller, the New 
Testament and the Old English Reader. This locr building, which has now 
disappeared, had been Mr. Roy's first house, and besides serving as an educa- 
tional institution, also afforded a temporary shelter for many poor pioneers until 
they could build log cabins of their own. In 1840, two schoolhouses were 
built of logs, one at Ilervey's Corners, by Willard Hervey, and the other at 
Hiram Taylor's, and the township was divided into two school districts. The 
first teacher at the Hervey Schoolhouse was Josepli Miller. The building of 
schoolhouses, at this early day, by levies of school tax, was too slow a method, 
and in 1855 the citizens were granted the privilege of building and repairing 
schoolhouses with the right of having credit for the same on their subsequent 
taxes. Soon after, one district agreed, as the record runs, "nem. con. to build 



CLEARSPRING TOWNSHIP. 219 

a hewed log house, 18x20." In 1841, the township, divided by sections, in- 
cluded only seven districts, but the schools were not crowded, as the enumera- 
tion four years later shows but fifty-two school children in the township. One 
of the earliest schoolhouses was Pi.xley's, about 1850, on Section 28, and was 
built by that neighborhood. The old log house was replaced by a frame in 
1861. In 1856, the house at Hiram Taylor's was rebuilt. In 1849, Orvin 
Kent deeded land for the site of the Sycamore Schoolhouse, so called on account 
of a tall Sycamore at the corners ; this school district was formed through the 
efforts of Orvin Kent and others, and includes territory in Eden and Clear- 
spring. A new schoolhouse was built further east in 1870; on the same 
section stands the Walnut Schoolhouse, with the Walnuts still there, built in 
1861. The "Jordan " Schoolhouse, built in 1860, and the Wertinger, in 1863, 
are still in use. A log schoolhouse was erected on Nathan Bishop's land, on 
the east line of Section 22, in 1850, which has since disappeared, being replaced 
by the Sloan house in 1860, a short distance north. Near this schoolhouse 
lies the old burying-ground, started before 1850, now known as Sloan's. The 
Hackenburg or Red Schoolhouse, dates back to 1865, and Harris' to about the 
same year. The first brick schoolhouse was the Chandler, built in 1877. 
Another one has just been completed, in the same quarter, called Streeter's, 
which takes the place of the old Curl Schoolhouse, which was first built about 
1841. According to the latest statistics, the township has 351 pupils, who 
are instructed in twelve schoolhouses. The average length of school is 140 
days. The revenue of last year was $4,969.67, and the value of school build- 
ings is $5,000. 

The earliest preacher, Nathan Bishop, has already been spoken of. The 
first society to be organized in the township was one of the Methodist Episco- 
pal Church, which held its meetings at Swank's house, over the line in Noble 
County. Among the members of this little congregation were Elijah Pixley, 
Mark Kinnison, Mrs. Ruth Ray and Hendef'son Potts. Rev. James Latta, of 
the Haw Patch, was the organizer. The famous itinerants, Posey and Allen, 
had preached here before the society was formed, and paved the way for it. 
This society soon died out, and was succeeded in that neighborhood by a Meth- 
odist Protestant Church, meeting at Hervey's (or Ray's) Schoolhouse. The 
first quarterly meeting was held here February 15, 1845, when Willard Hervey 
was licensed as an exhorter. Rev. Beardsley was the pastor in charge at this 
time, and this was one of the societies in the Goshen Circuit. A church of th e 
same denomination was organized at the Taylor Schoolhouse in 1851. There 
was also a Methodist society meeting at John Hammond's on the Clay town 
line, which was preached to by William Connelly and James Latta. 

Of late years, an Amish organization has been formed in the northwest 
part of the township, which has its meetings by appointment at convenient 
places among its members. The church of the " Best Endeavor " is one of 
the most recent religious organizations. This somewhat familiar title attaches 



■220 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

to the congregation formerly meeting in the Pixley Schoolhouse, and now in 
the Beulah Cliurch, and for several years addressed by Rev. John Paul Jones, 
of La Grange. It is quite unsectarian in character. The origin of the church 
building is quite interesting. The land upon which it stands was deeded by 
John Greeuawalt to the Evangelical Union Mennonites, to be used by them, 
but to be free for other churches, and after their disuse of it, to go to any other 
Christian organization under the same conditions. Here a handsome brick 
church was built, principally by popular subscription, and was dedicated May 
8, 1881, the services being conducted by Rev. J. P. Jones, assisted by Revs. 
D. Brenneman and Thomas II. Low. The building is, in dimensions, 32x54, 
is furnished with comfortable seats, and cost $3,000. The erection of this 
church is in great part due to the efforts of Thomas II. Low, formerly a min- 
ister in the Mennonite Church. This society was organized in 1867, by Elder 
John Krupp, with thirty members, and held its early meetings at the Walnut 
Schoolhouse. 

The township, as a whole, does not make a proper showing in the way of 
churches. The fact is that on every side there are churches just outside the 
township limits, which draw much of their attendance from Clearspring, and 
this explains a fact which might tend against the fame of a people who are, as 
a whole, industrious, religious and public-spirited. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

BY WESTON A. GOODSPEED. 



(rliEENFIELD Tofl'NSHIP — THE FlRST SETTLEMENT ON PRETTY AND ENGLISH 

Prairies— The Gage and Langdon War— Appearance of Industries — 
Villagers of Vistula and iEXiNGTON— The First School and Teacher 
—Educational Growth — Keyival of 1840— Religious Societies — The 
Spiritualists. 

THE lands in Southern Michigan were in market some years before those of 
Northern Indiana, and were, of course, purchased and occupied by sturdy 
pioneers who hud come from the East. Many of these men soon became dis- 
satisfied with their new homes, as the land was covered with an almost unbroken 
forest, which must be removed before the soil could be cultivated. This prom- 
ised many years of unremitting toil, and the outlook for those who had just 
come from Europe, or who were unused to the ways of the woods, was cheerless 
and discouraging. During the year 1829 there came to near White Pigeon, 
Mich., the following men and their families : Amos Barr (who arrived in the 
spring), John Anderson, Samuel Anderson, William Miller, Benjamin Jones, 
John and Felix Miller (brothers), Jesse Huntsman, Ephraim Seeley, Jacob 
Croy, and perhaps others. Some of these families came from Ohio — a number 





■•\; 



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(Tl^y^t:^ ^lA 



CLEAR SPRING TP. 



^ 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 223 

from the same neighborhood — while others were directly from Europe, or from 
the Eastern or Middle States. They were not all in the same vicinity in Mich- 
igan, but, during the year, they all became aware of the fact that, in what is now 
northern La Grange County, several rich, extensive and beautiful prairies were 
to be found where the soil needed no preparation for grain save the action of 
the plow. But at that period these prairies were not yet marketable, and, in 
order to secure a right to the land, " claims " were located, and the settlers pre- 
pared to enjoy a squatter's life until the prairie claims could be bought. It is 
well authenticated that the above-named men located claims on Pretty and En- 
glish Prairies during the year 1829. The first to do this cannot be known. 
From the fact that Amos Barr was by several months the first to reach South- 
ern Michigan, it may be presumed that he was at least (if not the first) one of 
the first to establish a claim in Greenfield Township. A few of the men — as 
William Miller and Benjamin Jones — did not reach Southern Michigan until 
late in the fall of 1829, and, of course, their claims on the prairies were not 
made until that time. Claims in the woods were established by blazed trees ; 
those on the prairies by stakes or by plowed furrows. So far as known, Amos Barr 
was the first man to erect a cabin in the township, this being done during the 
fall of 1829, but the building was roofless and floorless, and was probably erected 
to more fully establish the right to the claim, around which (the prairie portion) 
a furrow was plowed before cold weather set in. Often during the winter of 
1829-30, these men (who resided in Southern Michigan) visited their claims to 
see that others had not usurped their rights. Thus the winter was passed. 
Quite early in the spring of 1830, William Miller and Benjamin Jones (who 
had spent the previous winter, either in the same cabin or in two that were close 
together) loaded their goods in probably the same wagon, tore the roof off the cabin 
in which they had lived and placed it on the wagon, and then moved with their 
families to near the present site of Lexington. Small tents were improvised 
until two rude cabins (perhaps they do not deserve so dignified a name) had 
been built. Miller's cabin was located southwest of the village, while Jones' 
was near the northern part of the same. This occurred in April or May, and 
these were, so far as known, the first families in the township. During the 
same year (1830), there settled mostly on the prairies of Greenfield, the following 
men and their families : Amos Barr, Thomas Burnell, John Emerson, John 
Olney, Mr. Sutford, Jesse Huntsman, Felix Miller, James Miller, Jesse Champ- 
lin, Samuel Anderson, Ephraim Seeley, Jabob Croy, Mr. Wolgamottand several 
others. During the next year or two, all the prairie land was "claimed," and 
by the time the county was organized, in 1832, at least twenty-five families 
resided in the township (in what is now Greenfield). Some of these families 
were those of McKal, William Brumley, Samuel Robinson, Mr. Deeper, Sam- 
uel Fish, Jacob Miller, Silas Thrailkeld, Amasa Norton, Edmund Littlefield, 
Milton and Oliver Smith, Thomas and Samuel Parham (1836), Samuel Brad- 
ford, Harlo and William Hern, Mr. Switzer, Mr. Gale, William Legg, Mr. 



--4 lIlSTOIiV OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Stead, Mr. Wade. Thomas Lozenby, Jacob Vandeventcr, D. Lewis (colored), 
John Leak, William Adair, George Donaldson, John Safely, Samuel and James 
Burnside, David and Otis Stevenson, Samuel Gawthrop, David Allen. John 
Kelley and a host of others who continued to come in verv fast. 

At the organization of the county in 1832, it was d^ivided into two town- 
ships—Lima and Greenfield— the latter including all that part of the present 
county as lies east of the middle line of Range 10 west, together with portions 
of Noble and Steuben Counties. Ephraim Seeley was appointed Assessor for 
the then Greenfield Township, and an election was ordered to be held on the 
second Saturday of June, 1832, for the selection of two Justices of the Peace, 
Jessie Champlin receiving the appointment of Inspector of Election. The 
Commissioners also appointed Ebenezer Fish and William Miller, Fence Viewers; 
John Anderson and Samuel Burnside, Overseers of the Poor. At this first 
election, Mr. Seeley was elected one of the Justices, but the name of the other 
is forgotten, as are also those of the other officers elected at the same time. 

Improvements went on very rapidly during the years 1830, 1831 and 1832. 
Nearly or quite all the prairie land was broken up and fenced off into farms, 
and homes were established in the surrounding woods. At last, when the town- 
ship was surveyed and the land thrown into market, a great rush was made by 
an army of anxious squatters to secure the land they had partially improved, 
and upon which they then lived. It was during the Black Hawk war (summer 
of 1832) that the citizens of Greenfield and surrounding townships were thrown 
into a fever of fear by what is remembered as " The Gage War." Two men, 
named respectively Gage and Langdon, went one day to mill in the northern 
part of Springfield Township. Before this, considerable talk had been indulged 
in concerning the probability of the Indians arising in war against the settlers, 
as large bands were then in the county, and the border struggle farther west was 
not unknown to them. This talk prepared the minds of the settlers for what was 
to follow. Gage, Langdon, the miller and others at the mill renewed the gossip, 
continuing it until late at night, when the former two retired with some serious 
misgivings in their minds. After they had gone to bed, it was resolved by three 
or four at the mill to give them an " Indian scare" early the ne.xt morning. 
Two or three, or perhaps more, assisted by several Indians, dressed themselves 
in full Indian war costume, with war paint .and blanket and tomahawk, etc. 
The next morning, while Gage and Langdon were talking in front of the mill 
with the miller, a large Indian suddenly showed himself from behind a tree 
near by, and, raising his rifle quickly, fired, and the miller fell to the earth 
apparently in the agonies of death, exclaiming. " My God, the Indians ! I'm 
shot ! " The Indian who had apparently shot the miller and one or two others 
came leaping forward, swinging their tom.ahawks and yelling like demons. 
Gage and Langdon instantly fled from the scene at the top of their speed, Gatre 
going north in the excitement, and Langdon south. They made excellent time 
across the country, informing every one they saw that the Indians were coming. 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 225 

that they had shot all at the mill, and were sweeping out through the surround- 
ing country. The result may be readily imagined. The most intense excite- 
ment prevailed, and families fled in every direction. Gage reached Lexington, 
and the families in that neighborhood gathered at the blacksmith shop of George 
Donaldson, into which the women and children were thrust, while the men 
began to fell trees and cut logs, for the purpose of hastily building a fort (after- 
ward called Fort Donaldson). Families living in the western part hastily 
resolved to fortify the island in Cedar Lake. There they fled, and began the 
work of constructing the fort. Many very interesting incidents occurred, but, 
within a day or two, the delusion was dispelled. The logs cut for " Fort Don- 
aldson " remained at the spot for many years. More of this interesting event 
will be found in other chapters. 

Industries sprang up at a very early day. Orrin Howard was a chair- 
maker in the northern part, his power being a horse-lathe. It is said that he 
turned out 300 chairs a year. Milton Smith was an early blacksmith, but 
George Donaldson was the first Vulcan in the township. The large stone lying 
near the shop of the latter was hauled there by Samuel Bradford, to be pre- 
pared by Donaldson for the grist-mill that was afterward erected in Springfield 
Township. A small "corn-cracker" was erected at Lexington in a very early 
day. It did not amount to much, and was soon adandoned. Milton Smith 
was also a tool-maker ; could make axes, chisels, adzes, grubbing-hoes, etc. 
A post oflSce was at Howard's house for a number of years. Warren Barney, 
in the northeastern part, manufactured, by means of a horse-lathe, large and 
small spinning-wheels, and other wooden articles. Daniel Waite made tables, 
stands, bedsteads, bureaus, etc. The early settlers in the northern part got their 
whisky at a distillery just across the line in Michigan. The road running north 
and south across the western end of the township was early known as " Smoky 
Row," from the numerous log cabins that were built thereon very early ; for on 
winter mornings, when a fire was started in each house, the settlers on the 
opposite side of the prairie were furnished a fine sight— a smoky row. Pretty 
Prairie is said to have received its name from the following circumstance : Sev- 
eral men, just from Ohio, were standing at the residence of William Miller, on 
the south side of the prairie. Looking northward, they saw a beautiful pict- 
ure. The long expanse of prairie land spread its bosom of green velvet to the 
autumnal sun, and stretched away until terminated by clusters of oak and 
maple, dyed in gorgeous colors by Nature's hand that crowned with beauty 
the higher lands on the north. The strangers were delighted, and one of their' 
number asked, " What do you call this ? " " 0— o— h," replied Mr. Miller, 
"we don't call it anything." "Well," said the stranger, "it's a mighty 
pretty prairie. You might call it Pretty Prairie." The name circulated, 
became popular and is now permanent. " English Prairie " received its name 
from the fact that many of the first to locate there had just come from En- 
gland. People, in speaking of the place, called it by that name. It is also 



226 HISTORY OF LAflRANGE COUNTY. 

permanent. Many of the English retained for a number of years their foreign 
customs. "Old Tommy" Burnell wore knee-breeches and long stockings, as 
did some of the others. Mr. Burnell brought with him from his temporary 
home in Michigan two small sashes, in which were three or four panes of 
glass. These were used in his old log cabin. 

Samuel Burnside, in about the year 1834, erected a saw-mill in the north- 
eastern corner, on Crooked Creek. This mill, with many alterations, numerous 
owners, and stoppages from time to time, has been in operation ever since. At 
times, it has done e.xcellent and extensive work. As nearly as the writer could 
learn, Burnside owned the mill until about the year 1845, when it and the farm 
upon which it stands were sold to Peter Bisel. It is possible that Burnside sold 
to .another, and the latter to Bisel. The facts could not be learned. In about 
the year 1846, Bisel erected the grist-mill on the same water-power. This mill 
is yet running, and has done a vast amount of grinding in its day. It is a large 
frame structure, has passed through many hands, and has fed thousands. Bisel, 
in about 1847, placed a stock of goods at the mill, and soon afterward a post 
office was established there. Bisel was quite a wealthy man for that day, and 
put a great deal of money on the mill site to improve it, and render permanent 
the excellent water-power there. The money in many ways was not judiciously 
expended ; at least, Bisel became embarrassed, and, in about 1854, sold the en- 
tire property to Amos Davis ; since then, others have owned it. Goods have 
been sold there the most of the time since. A small town grew up about the 
mills — a very small one. 

In the year 1836, Elisha U. Shepard and Bazaleel Alvord secured the 
services of a surveyor and laid out a village which was named Vistula, on Sec- 
tion 25, on the banks of Wall Lake. The village on paper was a beautiful place, 
and the plat was taken East and exhibited, and several men there were induced 
to buy blocks and corner lots. When they came West to sell their property at 
a handsome profit, or to erect thereon fine buildings, their wrath became fiery 
and volcanic. In short, they had been deceived, as not a house was standing in 
the village, nor ever was. The lake was a nice place, with walls of earth and 
gravel formed by the agency of ice surrounding it. The village on its banks 
was a " paper village " — nothing more. 

In July, 1836, John Kromer, surveyor, laid out twelve blocks of eight lots 
each, and four blocks of six lots each, on Sections 25 and 30, lor Abraham K. 
Brower and Joseph Skerritt, who named the village Lexington. Very soon 
after this, Peter Bisel erected a store building there, and began selling from a 
stock of goods valued at §2,000. The stock was subsequently increased until 
worth about $6,000, at which time the owner enjoyed an extensive and profit- 
able trade. Abraham Brower was at first his clerk, but later his partner. A 
few years after Bisel began, Chancey Adams also opened a store, but his busi- 
ness was not as extensive as that of the former. In 1847, there were seven or 
eight families residing in Lexington. Bisel was in the Crandall storeroom ; 







SI 






ym 




9-^^^ ^fun^^Sr}^ 



GBEENFIELO TP. 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 229 

Adams was in a building opposite. Ira Crandall was the proprietor of a small 
hotel. A shoemaker and a blacksmith were there. In 1848, H. R. Crandall 
bought the Bisel store building and residence, together with three lots. He be- 
gan selling from $3,000 worth of goods, the stock being slowly increased as the 
years went by, and continued until his death in 1870, since which time his 
widow has successfully conducted the business. Bisel was probably the first 
Postmaster ; but, in 1847, Adams was. Since 1848, the Crandalls have had the 
office, except for a short time, when George Donaldson handled the property of 
Uncle Sam. In 1848, Adams sold out to George L. Gale, who erected the 
Long storehouse. Gale continued about five years. Robert Dayton owned 
the property for a while. Other merchants have been H. J. Hall, Andrew 
Davidson, Shope, Scripture, Weidler, Wade and Long & Shut. Wade owns a 
small grocery now, and James Mix is conducting a small broom factory. 
" Brighton " is the name of the post office. Dr. Charles Pritchard was at the 
village early, as were Drs. Pattei'son and Reynolds. In 1849, Dr. Delos W. 
Rupert located there, remaining until the war broke out, when he became Sur- 
geon of the Thirtieth Infantry Volunteers, but died at Nashville, Tenn., in 
1862. It is said that John Anderson built the first frame house in the town- 
ship in 183.3 ; his frame barn was erected the following year. Mr. Wolgamot 
probably built the second frame dwelling. It is said that Hiram Anderson, 
whose birth occurred in the fall of 1830, was the first white child born in the 
township. Samuel Bradford, the present County Clerk, was born in Green- 
field in April, 1832. He claims to be the oldest male person living whose 
birth occurred in La Grange County. Some dispute has arisen over this 
mooted question, and the old ladies shouhi immediately proceed to settle the 
discussion by public announcements from official sources. The first marriage 
in Greenfield was that of Samuel Gawthrop to Ellen D. Wolgamot in the fall 
of 1830. They were married by Samuel Stewart, Esq., who lived just across 
the line in Michigan. Not long afterward, Mrs. Gawthrop died, her death 
being the first. The following persons had passed, in 1880, the age of seventy- 
five years : Mary Blaseus, seventy-six ; Cyrus Fillmore, seventy-eight ; James 
Pollock, seventy-nine; Jane Scripture, eighty; John Troyer, seventy-five; 
Caroline H. Wheeler, seventy-five ; Brewster Barrows, seventy-five ; Laura 
Fillmore, seventy-six; Ruhama Taylor, eighty-two; William Wheeler, seventy- 
nine. Benjamin Reed had reached the age of seventy-four years. 

Late in the autumn of 1830, the squatters living near Lexington took 
possession of a vacant log cabin that was standing a short distance southwest 
of the village, fitted it up with desks and seats, and employed Miss Jane M. 
Clark (afterward Mrs. Judge Prentiss) to teach a three-months' term, paying 
her $2 per week, and giving her the doubtfully enjoyable privilege of boarding 
around. This worthy lady, who is yet living, said her enrollment of scholars 
was about sixty. The school is remembered as an excellent one. Miss Clark 
also taught in the same house the succeeding summer. The cabin was thus used 



230 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

until about the year 1836 or 1837, when a large frame schoolhouse was erected 
in the village, the greater portion of the expense being borne by members of 
the "Community of Saints." The building was divided into two rooms, and 
was to be occupied by all religious denominations. This school immediately 
became (with the exception of the one at Ontario) the best in the county. 
From 1838 to 1845, the enrollment was over 100. Two teachers were em- 
ployed, or as some say three, and the school was graded. Daniel Graham, 
afterward President of Hillsdale College, was one of the teachers. Good waives 
were paid, and none but good teachers were employed. After 1845, the school 
began to decline in importance. The frame house was used until about 1854, 
when it was displaced by another frame, which was used until the present brick 
was erected about eleven years ago. It is said that George Green was the first 
teacher in the first frame schoolhouse. Other teachers in the same house were 
William Hopkins, Mrs. Catharine McKinney and John Wylie. Hiram Smith, 
of Mongo, taught in the old log house, as did a young minister named Merrell. 
A log schoolhouse, or rather a vacated log dwelling, near the residence of Will- 
iam Anderson, was devoted to the uses of education as early as 1839. It was 
displaced a few years later by a frame house located at Mr. Anderson's orchard. 
This was used until about twenty-four years ago, when the large district was 
divided, and two houses were built. One of these is yet standing. The other 
was destroyed by fire, and a better one has taken its place. In 1836, a log 
schoolhouse was built near the cemetery, at what was then known as Gale's 
Corners. This was perhaps the first real school building in the township. The 
house was well attended for many years, good teachers being employed. Fami- 
lies living on the southern half of Pretty Prairie sent their children to this 
house. During the winter of 1836-37, Otis Shepardson, Jr., taught a term in 
a vacant dwelling, located near Samuel Parham's orchard, the house having 
been abandoned by a Mr. Switzer. The following families sent to him : Nor- 
ton, Littlefield, Smith, Miller, Howard, Waite and others. In about the year 
1838, a frame schoolhouse was built at the northern extremity of Pretty Prai- 
rie, the first teacher being Willis R. Jervis. This neighborhood soon had an 
excellent school. After the old house had been used many years, the district 
was divided in spite of bitter opposition on the part of some, and two houses 
were built, both being used until five or six years ago, when each district was 
supplied with a fine brick structure. The township was at first (about the year 
1833) divided into two school districts ; butthe dividing line is not remembered. 
In 1837, another district was added, and a little later still another. School 
was taught as early as 1840 in a vacated dwelling near the residence of Benja- 
min Reed, the house being used a number of years. Finally, in 1845, the 
" Scripture Schoolhouse " was erected. A little later another house was built 
farther east on the same road. The first schoolhouse in the northeastern part 
was built in about the year 1840. It has been succeeded by several others. 
The house two miles west of it was built later. 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 231 

In 1840, a great revival was held at the Pretty Prairie Schoolhouse by 
Rev. Messrs. Posey and Lewis L. Allen, ministers of the M. E. denomination. 
A few meetings had been held before, but no excitement was created nor class 
formed. The revival began, Rev. Posey preaching in the morning and Rev. 
Allen in the evening. Sinners were stubborn and defiant, and, for a time, it was 
hard work for the ministers. At last two men living in the neighborhood, who 
had stubbornly resisted the overtures of mercy, were taken violently sick and 
both died within a few days of each other, one declaring on his death-bed that 
he was going to hell and the other that he expected to reach heaven, blessing 
his family in the moment of parting and advising them to seek salvation. The 
two ministers, Posey and Allen, were present to comfort the dying men with 
the consolations of religion. The circumstances connected with the death of 
the two men produced a profound sensation in the neighborhood, of which the 
ministers immediately took advantage. The result was the most successful re- 
vival ever held in the township. Some sixty were converted and seventy-five 
joined the society that was then organized. Meetings were held in the school- 
house until 1856, when the frame church was built at a cost of about $800. 
Rev. Posey was the first minister in charge, Rev. Enoch Holstock the second, 
Gehiel Hart the third. The church was built by subscription, the location 
depending upon the greatest amount subscribed. Those east of the church 
gave the most, and selected the spot where the church now stands. The society 
has not since been as strong as it was at first. Only a portion of the time has 
Sunday school been conducted. 

The Presbyterians commenced building a frame church at Gale's Corners 
in 1837, but did not finish until the following year. Rev. Christopher Cory, 
an excellent man and an earnest Christian, who made himself known for miles 
through the backwoods, organized the society with the following membership: 
Orrin Howard, Aaron Cary, Aaron Thompson, Jonathan Upson, Amasa Nor- 
ton, wife and daughter, Osias Littlefield, Ansel Dickinson, Jacob Vandeventer, 
Samuel Brown and family, and others. Good work was done by the society, 
but it became so weak, in about 1853, that it finally agreed to turn the house 
over to the use of other Christian denominations and have it moved to Lexing- 
ton. This was at last done. The Methodists' obtained such a control of it, 
after a time, that a law-suit resulted; but they lost the judgment, and the 
house is devoted to the same uses as before the suit. The Spiritualists have 
occupied it, under protest of the more orthodox denominations. 

The "Community of Saints," under the leadership of Rev. Samuel Brad- 
ford, held meetings in the schoolhouse at Lexington for a series of years. Mr. 
Bradford was a man of great personal magnetism, with noble ideas of life and 
its duties, and with an incorruptible integrity of purpose that gave a serious 
feature to everything he did. His meetings were always well attended. His 
death, in 1844, ended the life of a truly great man. His society died with 
him. The Congregational Brethren have a small class in the village at pres- 



232 HISTORY OF LA ORANGE COUNTY. 

ent. Some six or eight years ago, the Amish built a small frame church in 
the northwestern part, at a cost of about $900. A small society gathers there 
to worship. 

In about 1850, Elder Jacob Berkey organized a German Baptist society 
in the neighborhood southwest of Lexington. Meetings were held at residences 
and schoolhouses until ten years ago (1872), when a large frame church was 
erected, at a cost of $2,500, the building being completed a year later. The 
society first started with about forty members and was then scattered over a 
territory that has since been divided into four society districts. In 1863, the 
organization comprised about one hundred members. Elder Berkey remained 
Pastor until about 1860, when Elder George Long succeeded him, continuing 
nine years, at the end of which time the society, for a few years, was without a 
regular Elder, though Rev. Peter Long was in charge. Elder David M. Truby 
assumed the pastorate in 1874, remaining until 1880. when the present min- 
ister. Elder Peter Long, succeeded him. The present membership is about 144. 
A Sunday school was conducted three years, beginning some five years ago. 
Short-lived societies of other religious denominations have been organized in 
the township. 

There are many Spiritualists in Greenfield. The subject was first devel- 
oped, in about 1850, by the celebrated Fox sisters, of near Rochester, N. Y., 
and others, who announced to the world that the spirits of the departed could 
be communicated with through "mediums." The success of their operations 
soon became known in Greenfield, and many were convinced of the truth of 
their pretensions. Gossip was indulged in, until finally a medium from abroad 
came into the neighborhood and gave a public exhibition of the truth of his 
opinions. Many were converted to the new faith and, although no written creed 
was adopted, yet a society was partially formed, and "circles" met regularly 
at residences and schoolhouses. Several interesting "mediums" were soon 
discovered in the neighborhood. Mrs. (Barr) Hopkins proved to be a "divin- 
ing medium." Others were "rapping" or "writing" or "healing mediums." 
The Barrs, the Hopkinses, the Gillums, the Herns and others were prominent in 
the new organization. They finally began to meet in the church at Lexington, 
■which had been intended for any religious denomination ; but they met consid- 
erable opposition, though they were successful in having their right to the 
church established. They then held rousing meetings in the church, securing 
persons from abroad well qualified to present their faith, practically and theo- 
retically, to large audiences. Many converts were thus gained. It is only 
within the last few years that the early interest has declined. 




Oi 



//■ 




^Z^^V't--^ 



NEWBURY TP. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



BT R. H. KERICK. 



Newbury Township— First Election and Officers — Early Physical Feat- 
ures, Lakes, Indians, Etc.— The First Settler and His Successors- 
Mills AND Towns— Forest Customs — The Amish— Their Customs, 
Churches, Schools, Etc — General Development. 

THE township received its name, not in honor of any personage, but to 
distinguish it from the ohler town of Middlebury, in Elkhart County, 
which it adjoins. This was the borough, and Newbury it has remained. The 
name was given at the first town meeting. The township was a part of Lima, 
and was separated and given a distinct organization in 1837. On April 3, of 
this year, the settlers held their first election, at the house of Truman Wilkin- 
son. It was difficult to get together a good show of voters, and the canvassing 
was as thorough as at some modern elections. . If there was any law then re- 
quiring a long residence in the township, it was probably accidentally forgotten 
that day. The workmen on the Shipshewana Mills were taken to the polls, 
whether or no. By this means a poll-book of thirteen voters was made. There 
were just about enough offices to go around, and the list contains the 
names of most of the adult male settlers. Daniel H. Keasy and Elijah West 
acted as Clerks ; Amos Davis and James Cotton, Judges ; and Truman Wilkin- 
son, Inspector. When their laborious duties had been performed, it was found 
that the following were the first officers : Amos Davis, Justice ; Willard Cot- 
ton, Constable; Elijah West, Inspector; Esick Green, Supervisor; George Lot- 
terer and Elijah West, Overseers of Poor; Franklin Goodenough and George 
Hilt, Road Viewers. The vote was unanimous. The first official act of the 
new Justice was to solemnize a marriage between Esick Green and Misa 
Hackett, a member of the Wilkinson family. It was not the officer's fault, 
but, for some lack of affinity, the newly-married couple soon separated. 

The earliest comers sought two places mainly — the beautiful country about 
Shipshewana Lake, in the north, and the forks of the Little Elkhart River in 
the southwest. The east part of the township was in great part covered by 
marslies, and was not so desirable. The country was densely wooded, as a gen- 
eral thing, but there were large tracts of openings. An idea, however, pre- 
vailed among many of the pioneers, who were largely of Southern birth, that 
the openings were unhealthful, and the woods were consequently in favor. 
There were also marsh lands along the little streams which supplied the Little 
Elkhart, which flows, in two branches, through the southwest corner. A 
diagonal line through the township, from northwest to southeast, is about the 
position of the ridge which divides the drainage of the Pigeon River from that 
of the Elkhart. Cass Lake, about twenty acres in extent, on the northern 
line, and Hood's, a small body in the east, are drained into the Elkhart, while 



234 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

the beautiful Shipshewana, one of the largest lakes in the county, and Cotton 
Lake, a smaller one, have their outlet in Shipshewana Creek. Cotton, 
Hood and Cass Lakes commemorate the names of the earliest settlers near 
them, and Shipshewana, the Pottawatomie chieftain, whose is said to be buried 
somewhere on the banks of the lake. A lady, now deceased, claimed to know 
the place of his grave, but the secret has been lost with her death. The old 
chief died some time prior to the settlement. His tribe inhabited the township, 
and their deeply cut trails ran through the woods, taking the best courses, and 
never missing the beaver dams, in every direction, so that the settlers had to 
blaze their road in order not to wander ofiF on the wrong track. The red men 
hunted amicably with the whites, and would come back even after their re- 
moval to exchange venison and cranberries for the pioneers' extra potatoes 
and flour. Game was plentiful — deer and turkeys and bears. Bees were es- 
pecially numerous, and one hunter cut as many as sixteen nests in one day. 
The earliest settlers came to the forks of the Little Elkhart, and this was also 
the starting point of the second settlement by the German people, who now 
almost entirely occupy the township. The first comers were the Woodbridges, 
who "squatted" in Section 19, about 183L This was before the land was 
for sale, and there is no record of their names or later history. They soon 
moved away, and their cabin was old and deserted when the later settlers 
moved in. The land was not open to entry until much later, and the first cer- 
tificate issued was to Obadiah Lawrence, dated July 17, 1835. 

In the north, a Mr. Andrews and Elijah West came in in 1834, and the 
next year built a dam and race and saw-mill on Shipshewana Creek, near the 
center of Section 3. Mr. Andrews ilied August 24, 1835, the first death 
among the pioneers. His son, Jarius Andrews, lived in the township until his 
decease in 1879. West, the partner, soon moved West. This mill was in oper- 
ation several years, and the damming up of the waters was thought to be the 
cause of much illness in early times, on account of its overflowing the lake. 
The dam was finally torn down, and the mill went to pieces. A log house in a 
grove near by, which forms a contrast with the fine residences in the vicinity, 
probably contains some of the logs of these old buildings. A little later, a 
number of settlers entered their lands. In 1836, Amos Davis, one of the most 
prominent men in the early history of the county, came to the Woodbridge 
place. He had already entered land, in 1835, in Section 19. He built the 
second saw-mill in the township on the river here. 

Esick Green, who remained about twenty years, and Truman Wilkinson, 
who lived here until his death in 1857, brothers-in-law, settled about 1836. 
Hiram Wilkinson settled at the same time, but soon left. Charles Barron was 
another pioneer. Wilkinson was the neighborhood poet and lampooner in the 
early days. Some of his effusions are still remembered, and we are able to 
give part of one, occasioned by the tragical girdling of an oak in front of John 
Keightley's house, against Mr. K.'s wishes. The oak sings: 



NEWBURY TOWNSHIP. 235 

" Here once I stood a handsome oak, 
This is the first I ever spoke. 
My kindred oaks shall live instead, 
While I am numbered with the dead. 
Here once I stood, a noble tree, 
Till Sam and Charlie girdled me." 

Another couplet was of an epitaph nature : 

" The devil, with old snaps and snarls, 
Dragged off to h — 1 poor Sam and Charles." 

Franklin J. Goodenough entered land in Section 7, and built the first 
frame barn in the township. Almon Lawrence, who had come to Van Buren 
in 1830, and Alexander W. Poynter, of Delaware, Alexander Berry, of Ohio, 
and his sons — Samuel, Conrad and Doomide — were early settlers in the neigh- 
borhood of the site of the Dunkard Church. Other early settlers were Garrett 
and Griihth Slirake, Warren Stiles, James Cotton, a carpenter, who gave his 
name to Cotton Lake, and Samuel Hood, who is similarly honored. Joseph 
Keasy, later of St. Joseph County, Ind., came, in 1836, from Fulton 
County, Oliio. It was on his farm, at the house of Joseph Nelson, that the 
first church was organized in the fall of 1837, by a Methodist evangelist, who 
used to go about on foot among the settlers, doing good. This pioneer preacher 
had the simple name of Brown, but from his residence received the euphonious 
title of " Bald Hill " Brown. He went from here to a more arduous field — to 
Texas. Joseph Nelson was the class-leader of this little organization, which 
had about nine members at starting. James Latta, of the Haw Patch, and 
Christopher Cory, were among the early preachers. In those days, families 
would walk three or four miles for a sermon, and find their way home by the 
light of a clapboard torch. 

In February, 1837, George Lotterer took possession of land, including 
that owned at present by Horatio Halbert, on Shipshewana Lake, where he 
laid out a village called Georgetown, which never grew beyond the paper. Mr. 
Lotterer was then the richest man in Newbury, and had just previously owned 
the plat of Ontario. He remained in tlie township until about eight years 
since, when he removed to Fort Scott, Kan. 

John Keightly and Peter N. Keightly moved upon their land near Ship- 
shewana Lake in the fall of 1836. The latter soon moved into Van Buren, 
but the former is still an honored citizen of this township. Mr. K. came from 
England, in 1828, to Tompkins County, N. Y., married Miss M. A. Winter in 
1830, and started for Indiana in November, 1836. The journey was a sample 
of that which the patient pioneer went through — a day's journey eight or ten 
miles, deep mud in what were called the roads, no bridges but crossways of logs, 
and these sometimes almost washed away by floods. Soon after Mr. Keightly 
had built a house, it was burned, probably by an incendiary, and some $1,500 
in money, lying in the house, was never seen again by the owner. Such was 
life in the good old days, full of hardship and disappointment, in great contrast 



236 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

with the comfort of the present. A schoolhouse, in which religious services 
were held, was built on the northeast corner of Mr. K.'s land, where a grave- 
yard is situated. Methodist meetings were also held at his residence, where 
among other attendants were George and Melicent Winter, brothers-in-law of 
the Keightlys, who came in with them from Tompkins County, N. Y., in 1836. 
George Winter was born in Lincolnshire, England, and died in Newbury in 
1868. His wife had died in 1854. His son, Wrinch Winter, who was only 
eight years old on moving here, now occupies a finely situated residence on the 
old homestead, in view of Shipshewana Lake. Among other early settlers, 
Peter Schermerhorn entered land in Section 5, and died north of the Yoder 
settlement. In 1845, Francis Lampman, of Oswego County, N. Y., settled in 
northwest Newbury. He remained upon the farm until 1864, when he 
removed to Lima, where he was still living in 1881, at the age of eighty-three. 
Among the later comers in the northeast is Elias Wight, who came from Ohio 
in 1854, and lives upon Section 3. Mr. Wight was elected County Commis- 
sioner in 1879. 

The trading of the early days was done mostly at White Pigeon and Mid- 
dlebury. Some hauling was done from more distant points. In 1837, Amos 
Davis brought through flour and goods from Michigan City to Lima with five 
yokes of oxen. La Grange, then, was unborn, and the country to Middlebury 
was almost impassable, except on foot. On the White Pigeon trail there were 
but two houses. In 1833, a road was run through from Lima to Goshen by John 
Kromer, and this was the only one until 1836, when a party went through the 
township eastward, running the Baubaga road to the future county seat. Amos 
Davis, about 1840, surveyed three roads — the Middlebury and Haw Patch, 
which follows the course of the main branch of the Little Elkhart, the Middle- 
bury road to intersect the Goshen road, and the White Pigeon and Ligonier road. 

The first schoolhouse was put up on the farm of Joseph Keasy, on Section 
19. The house was of unsquared logs, with a low roof, and densely-shaded in 
a little opening in the forest. The first teacher was Miss Mary Pomeroy. The 
teachers were not heavily paid in the early days. The ladies would get as 
low as $1.25 and up to $2 a week in the summer schools. There was quite a 
discussion at first about how long school should be kept. That it should be 
nine hours a day was agreed, but some were of the opinion and some not, that 
for the munificent wages school should be taught six days in the week. The 
second schoolhouse was a log one, on Section 20, built in 1840, and the third 
on Section 9, about 1842. 

Besides the early preaching already mentioned, a Presbyterian society met 
at Forest Grove, southwest of Davis' mill, and the L^nited Brethren and Free- 
Will Baptists had meetings occasionally in various places. All these small 
societies worked together for the common good. At present the Methodist 
meeting place is Shipshewana Schoolhouse, included in the Middlebury Circuit, 
now under charge of Rev. John T. Blakemore. 




ii»ilttni**«^ 




j^^^^^^ ^ 0^t^ 



NEWBURY TP. 



NEWBURY TOWNSHIP. 239 

In 1838, Newbury experienced its share of the ague and bilious fever. 
Like the rain of that spring, it fell on all alike, and like the drought of the 
fall it had no intermission. Drs. Latta, of Goshen, and Elliott, of Middlebury, 
would call about twice a week upon the unfoi'tunate shakers. There was quite 
a mortality among the young on account of the fever. 

The hopes of the settlers were raised to a considerable height by the talk 
in an early day of the Buffalo & Mississippi Railroad, and deeply sunk by its 
failure. The road was surveyed through the northern part of the township. 
The same experience was repeated by a preliminary survey of the Baltimore & 
Ohio road in later years. 

In 1839, Amos Davis was chosen an Associate Judge for the county, and 
held the position until the abolition of the office, sitting on the bench with 
Judges Hobbs and Spaulding. 

Mr. Davis was born in Loudon County, Va., in 1797. When yet a boy, 
he went to Ohio, where his parents settled in Fairfield County. He was a man 
of ability and energy. Mr. Davis represented La Grange and Elkhart Counties 
in the Legislature in 1862-64, and was active on the side of the war party in 
the struggle between Gov. Morton and the majority of the Legislature. He 
removed to Greenfield Mills, and died October 5, 1867, from the effects of an 
injury received on his seventieth birthday. His son, Hezekiah Davis, was 
eleven years of age when he first saw Newbury, and has ever since remained 
here. He has served the county as Commissioner for thirteen years, beginning 
in 1853. In 1848, he moved to his present commodious residence in Section 2, 
which is a portion of his farm. Newbury has always been remarkable for its 
quietness and freedom from crime. Of course, there has been a law-suit now 
and then, but, as a rule, she furnishes little litigation. The first law-suit in the 
township was before Justice Davis, and between Sylvanus Lamb and Charles 
Ilascall over a difficulty in the division of land. This called in lawyers — 
Mitchell, of Constantine, and Chamberlain, of Goshen. No causes celebres have 
come from Newbury since that time. Especially since the Amish and other 
German sects have taken up the most of the township has everything been 
peaceful. There was once a case of horse-thieving which caused considerable 
sensation. Three horses were stolen in 1855, or thereabouts, and taken to 
Pennsylvania, whence the owner received them after expending much more 
than their value in the search. 

As far as the records show, the following is a list of the Justices of New- 
bury : Amos Davis, 1837-42 ; Andrew Ashbaugh, 1842-47 ; Alexander W. 
Poynter, 1845-50 ; Perley R. Cady, 1852-57 ; John Butt, 1859-71 ; Ben- 
jamin F. Lieb, 1856-60 ; Oliver Lampman, 1859-67 ; Jacob Hines, 1863-69 ; 
H. J. Vandorsten, 1869-73 ; William Wiler, 1878-75 ; Horatio Halbert, 1875- 
84 ; Michael Hoff, 1880-84. At the census of 1880, there were found to be 
the following named persons, residents of the township, who were over seventy- 
five years of age : Horatio Halbert, seventy-seven ; George Miller, eighty- 



240 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

five ; Joel Yoder, eighty ; Fannie Miller, eighty-three ; Frances Walter, 
eighty-four. 

In 1844, an event of great importance wa8 the first settlement of mem- 
bers of the Amish Church, in the southwest portion of the township. Daniel 
and Joseph Miller came on horseback to Davis' place, on a prospecting tour, 
out two months from Somerset County, Penn. They stopped here and bought 
farms, Daniel Miller taking the old Woodbridge place. Soon after, Christian 
Bontrager and Joseph Bontrager bought farms in Sections 19 and 20. This 
was the beginning of an inflow of Germans from Pennsylvania, at first, and 
later from Holmes County, Ohio. Emanuel Miller, who bought land in Sec- 
tion 29, and Philip Weirick were also among the earliest settlers. John C 
Yoder, familiarly called the doctor, on account of his skill in healing some of 
the human ills, came in November, 1844, from Somerset County, where he was 
born in 1821. He still resides upon his farm near the Moses Kaufman mill- 
race (1849), on the Little Elkhart, and is a patriarch among the original Amish. 
This branch of the church, which is distinguished by a strict observance of all 
the old customs, has a large membership among the Germans, who now occupy 
almost the whole of Newbury. There are three districts of the old school in 
the township, the southern one having, in 1881, 161 members, the western 
100, and the northern, including part of Van Buren, about one hundred and 
twenty. Each district has its Bishop and two ministers. The Bishop alone 
can perform the rites of baptism and marriage. At present this position is 
held by Dr. Yoder and David Kaufman. The peculiar characteristic of the 
church is a literal observance of every injunction of the Scriptures, as they 
understand them. There are no meeting-houses, but they meet at the homes 
of the members ; no written creed is used by the church ; the apostolic rite of 
feet-washing is observed at the meetinirs. But the most obvious characteristic 
is that no ornament of any kind is tolerated on the person, nor in the way of 
paint or plaster in the houses, nor any brilliant coloring about the buildings. 
The natural grace and beauty of the person is altogether unthought of, or only 
considered as a snare of the evil one. As no conformity to the world is al- 
lowed, something like a German peasant costume is still used, and as buttons 
are under the ban, hooks and eyes supply the necessary fastenings. Lightning 
rods were for some time forbidden. As for literature, there is nothing in 
much favor but the sacred Scriptures. The Amish seem to conform their 
social lives especially to Paul's instructions to the Corinthians, and renounce 
the world, even to the extent of casting out from among themselves all who 
have worldly failings. In avoiding the world, politics, of course, is somewhat 
neglected, but more formerly than of late. German is also spoken continually 
in their home life, and this is another "tie," and distinction from the "world." 
A marked degree of morality pervades this people. The children are edu- 
cated to read and write well, but higher studies are considered useless. Finan- 
cially they are prudent, frugal and successful, and allow none of their mem- 



NEWBURY TOWNSHIP. 241 

bers to depend upon the county for support. Besides this home cliarity, for- 
eign charities are well contributed to. In many of these particulars, the other 
(jrerman societies agree with the Old Amish. Tliere are four brandies of the 
church in this township. The other leading one is the New Amish, which is 
about twenty-five years old, and has about two hundred members. It has but 
one meeting-place, a frame church, erected in 1883, at the Forks, which cost 
some $600, and seats 500 persons. In 1881, Jonas Troyer was the Bishop, 
with four subordinate preachers — Emanual Hostettler, Seth Troyer, Christian 
S. Plank and Christian Miller. The new church believes in going into the 
water for baptism, while the old adheres to sprinkling on dry land. There is 
also no rule in regard to clothing, and more freedom in customs. The Men- 
nonite Church resembles the Amish, being, in fact, the original from which the 
Amish sprang, and a union between them is not unlikely. The Mennonites 
have a church upon the Baubaga road, at Lake Shore, which was erected in 
the fall of 1874. 

The German Baptist Church, or "Dunkers," has a large following in 
tiiis township. The earliest efforts of the church were in 1854, when meetings 
were begun in the Poynter Schoolhouse. In 1857, the church was partly or- 
ganized, and Samuel Doney and Samuel Lupoid appointed deacons. Samuel 
Lupoid has remained one of the ministers and elders till the present. David 
Evans and Benjamin Leer have also served as ministers. At the present time, 
David M. Truby is elder of the district, including Newbury, and Benjamin 
Leer minister of the Shipshewana Church. On Christmas, 1874, this society 
dedicated a frame church, on the land of Samuel Lupoid, which is valued at 
$700. Regular meetings are held here fortnightly, and a Sunday school at 
the Marsh Schoolhouse. The membership of the church is about ninety. 

The post ofBce of Pashan was established in 1844, and was kept at 
the house of Amos Davis until his removal, when it w:is discontinued. In 
1872, it was re-established at a small settlement north of the Baubaga road, 
near the center of the township. This little "burg," in 1881, is in possession 
of one business house, a store, kept by Harmon Stutsman, who is also Deputj^ 
Postmaster ; the chief in this department is Dr. Myers, the resident physician. 
These, with the smithy, make up the business part of the settlement. In 1881, 
a post office was established at the neighborhood called Lake Shore, near Hood 
Lake, and the ofiicial name of the post office is Shore. It, as well as Pashan 
and Emma, lies on the mail route between Goshen and La Grange. In 1881, 
the neighborhood contained about twelve families. Dr. W. H. Shrock, who 
has been here four years in the practice of medicine, holds the position of 
Postmaster. The omnipresent blacksmith shops are owned by Benedict Miller 
and Jacob Lupoid. Amos Walters, who has been a resident for many years, 
owns a steam saw-mill which was built here about 1870, by Charles and Mon- 
roe Atwater, and does an extensive business in lumbering. A schoolhouse and 
the Mennonite Church are on the shore of the lake. In the southeast corner of 



242 msTOKY OF la grange county. 

the township is the settlement and post office, now called Emma ; formerly the 
place was known as Eden Mills, but went down under that title. The saw- 
mill here is within Newbury, and is owned by Joseph Schrock. Jacob and 
Andrew Hostettler are the proprietors of a store, and the former attends to the 
United States mail. 



CHAPTEKXV. 

BY WESTON A. GOODSPKED. 

MiLFORD Township— LoNO ]>i.st of rioNKEUs— Conjectures as to the First 
Settler— Fn;sT Township Election- A Backwoods Burial— Hunting Ex- 
periences—The Regulators— Tiin Underground Railroad— Mud Cor- 
ners AND South Milford— Tue Educator and the Moralist— Manufact- 
uring Interests. 

THE greater portion of the surface of Milford Township is extremely ir- 
regular and billowy ; and to this may be traced the fact that the earliest 
settlers in the county passed on to land that could be subjected to cultivation 
much easier, and that would furnish a more bountiful crop for such labor. 
While it is mainly true that the greater number of early settlers in the northern 
tier of townships came from the older settled locality in Southern Michigan, it is 
also true that the greater number of those in the southern tier first cam-* to Fort 
Wayne, and thence up the Fort Wayne and Lima road, along which they en- 
tered their land. During the years 1836, 1837 and 1838, a great rush was 
made into Milford, the greater number of the following men locating in the 
township at that period : J. W. Austin, David Ackerman, S. A. Bartlett, 
John Barry, Jacob Butts, Charles Cope, Jared Cook, Arba Crane, Edmund 
Clark, Perry Case, Zopher Case (lived in Johnson), William Cochran, Harrison 
Dues, Brinkley Davis, Nelson Earl, William Fitch, Cornelius Gardiner, Stiles 
Goodsell, Isaac Holly, John C. Lonsbury, Luther Nesbit, John Nevil, Stephen 
D. Palmer, Gary P. Newman, William Nevil, Samuel Perkins, Enoch Perkins, 
Jacob Perkins, Amos Reynolds, Enos Randall, Henry Randall, Erastus Stur- 
gis, Jacob Sturgis, Edward Shehan, Lyman Sherwood, John Searls and Charles 
Turner. Some of these men never lived in the township, simply owning the 
land, and paying tax on the same, and selling out at a small profit at an early 
day. Several of the men came in with grown-up families of boys, who soon 
made homes for themselves, and who are yet living to recount their lives of pri- 
vation while the township was yet fresh"from the hand of nature. 

The first settler in the township was probably Jacob Butts, although the 
year of his arrival is not known. It was likely as early a.s 1884, and perhaps 1833, 
as he was known to havebeen in the township during the spring of 1835. There 
are some doubts, however, about his being the first settler, as Richard Rice, Will- 
iam Fitch and one or two others were living in the township during the spring 
of 1835, and might have been in a year or two before. The facts in the case 




"■»««^- 




% ■:»^^' 



^^-^//^^ -^^c^^u^ 



MILFORD TP. 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 245 

cannot be learned with certainty ; but it is probable that the three men men- 
tioned (Jacob Butts, Richard Rice and William Fitch) came to the township 
some time during the year 1834. These conjectures will have to answer until 
some one is found who can satisfactorily unravel the tangle. It is said that a 
man named Bailey came in with Mr. Fitch, locating near him for a time ; but 
afterward leaving for some other place. Mr. Butts was a German, and re- 
mained'in the townsliip until the gold excitement broke out in California, wlien 

e joined the tide 'of emigration westward. His daughter Caroline was mar- 
ried to George Thompson, of Springfield Township, in 1835, by Rev. T. B. 
Conley, the^marriage, so far as known, being the first in the township. Rich- 

rd Rice located on Section 3, where he remained but a short time. Fitch and 
Bailey established themselves in the southern part. The first white child born 
was a daughter of Mrs. Fitch, but the infant was feeble and soon died. This 
was probably the first death. 

During the summer of 1887, a number of citizens of the township peti- 
tioned the County Commissioners to set apart Township 36 north. Range 11 
cast of the Second Principal Meridian, and constitute the same a separate town- 
ship. ..^In the petition it was suggested that the township be called Milford. In 
accordance with this petition, the Commissioners, in September of the same 
year,"ordered the creation of the township Milford, and the first election to be 
held at the residence of Samuel Avis, who was probably appointed Inspector. 
Charles Turner was elected Justice of the Peace, and Col. William Cochran 
Road Supervisor. The names of the other officers elected are not remembered. 
Milford was^at first a part of Greenfield Township, but, after August, 1884, 
and prior to its separate organization as stated above, it was attached to Spring- 
fieldTor election purposes. At this early day, the three officers of greatest use 
were Justice, Constable and Pathmaster. There were no roads save winding 
trails through the woods, and about the first thing the early settlers were called 
upon to do was to assemble and place some new highway in passable condition. 
Much of the early tax collected was devoted to the expense of constructing 
roads. This gave great dignity to the name of Supervisor. Cases of assault 
and battery were almost every day occurrences. It is amusing to examine the 
docket of some early Justice of the Peace, and notice the fines that were 
imposed for a violation of the rights of personal security. At almost every 
rolling or raising, a bout at fisticuffs took place, resulting in blue eyes and bloody 
noses, and the subsequent fine for assault. Everybody drank whisky, not 
necessarily to excess, but simply to realize the exhilarating eSects. It was 
taken'to cool in hot weather, and to warm in cold ; to drown sorrow and assuage 
the pain of privation ; to assist digestion and strengthen the weak. Mothers 
drank it^to' gain strength to endure ; children were given it to make them 
healthy and strong; all took it because it was regarded as a panacea for all 
liuman disorders, and one of the necessaries of life. As all, at times, were 
under its influence, those of quarrelsome disposition were often engaged in 



246 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

broils and fights ; and then the servants of the law were required to do their 
duty. The Justice and the Constable were important personages then. And 
what a noise the early pettifoggers made ! How profound was their exposition 
of the fundamental principles of law ! And then what eloquence ! Then it was 
that every boy went home resolved in his heart to be a pettifogger. Nothing 
short of that would satiate his inordinate pride and ambition. 

The early settlers were compelled to endure many hardships unknown to 
the generations of to-day. Stores and mills were far distant, not only in 
miles, but from the fact that distances then, on account of the bottomless roads, 
were practically double what they are at present. Many had no team, some 
had oxen, and a few had horses. A good grist then was a bagful, and a few 
acres were a large field. Families lived on pork, corn bread and potatoes. 
Other articles were delicacies. Some families were extremely destitute. The 
tax duplicates at the county seat are filled with such expressions as " Too poor 
to pay," or " Gone away," or " Tax paid by Mr. So-and-so." This was true 
even when the tax amounted to but 50 cents. It is related that when Nathan 
Holly's second wife died, her own son John laid her out, and made the rude 
cofiin with his own hands. James Cochran was called upon for assistance at 
the burial. He asked Evan Wright to accompany him. These two boys and 
John Holly were the only ones present at the interment of this pioneer mother. 
The poor woman had at last found rest in the embrace of death, and over her 
lonely grave the robin and the wren chirped their requiem of triumph — a dirge 
of rest to her soul. She was buried in the southern part of the township. 

Of course the woods, in early years, were filled with wild game. Deer in 
small herds were every-day sights, and those who were accustomed to the use of 
the rifle, and knew anything of the habits of these animals, found no dilBculty 
in killing as many as they desired. Venison was a common article of food on 
the pioneer tables. Wild turkeys were very numerous, and, it is said, were 
often so fat that when they were shot to the ground from the tops of high trees, 
the skin upon their backs burst open like a ripe pod. This is vouched for by 
more than one old settler. Wolves were numerous and troublesome. They 
often found their way into sheep-folds at night and destroyed many or all of 
the flock. Then it was that the old settler breathed maledictions of revenge 
toward the marauder. On one occasion, Henry Randall fired into a pack of 
these ferocious animals, and at one lucky shot killed three. Bears were some- 
times seen, but only rarely. About thirty-five years ago, a number of men 
with dogs, started a bear from some swamp in Noble County, and chased it into 
Milford Township. Isaac Carpenter, who was hunting in the woods, encoun- 
tered the animal and shot it. It is said that Ed Dyer in one day killed five 
deer. Those who were familiar with the habits of these animals always 
endeavored to shoot the buck or leader of the herd, as in that case the otliers 
would stop, thus giving the hunter time to reload. It was often the case that, 
if the hunt was properly managed, the entire herd fell before the rifle of the 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 247 

hunter. Minot Goodsell tells that, to the best of his knowledge, he on one 
occasion killed three deer at one shot. The circuaastances were about as fol- 
lows: 

One morning, late in autumn, after a heavy snow of the previous 
night, Mr. Goodsell put his horses to the sled and started out to hunt deer, 
knowing that it would be an e.xcellent time. He drove several miles in a 
southerly direction, and, while crossing a road, saw three deer bound across the 
track in front of him. He got a good shot at one, but for some reason missed 
it. He continued to drive on through the woods, until finally he discovered 
the tracks of four deer, and in a few minutes later saw them comin£ back, 
whereupon he concealed himself and shot at one of the herd, but again missed, 
much to his chagrin. • The one shot at seemed to separate from the rest, as the 
other three started rapidly in the direction of Mr. Dryer's, and soon entered a 
dense brushy marsh. Mr. Goodsell hitched his team and crept into the marsh, 
watching cautiously for another shot. At last he saw one of the deer just over 
the ridge of a snow bank. He made proper calculations and fired through the 
upper edge of the drift, expecting to strike the deer in a vital spot, but again 
he was doomed to disappointment, as the three deer dashed out and scampered 
away through the snow. He followed them some distance, and noticed that one 
of them was wounded, as blood drops could be seen on the snow. At last he 
saw them some distance ahead. One was pawing up the snow, and a minute 
later it lay down, and the others came back and also lay down near it. Mr. 
Goodsell crept around so as to get a large log (which was rendered quite high 
by the foot and a half of snow on it) between himself and the animals, and 
then succeeded in creeping through the sound-deadening snow to within ten 
yards of the prostrate animals. After looking a moment, he crept back a few 
paces, and, quickly cocking his gun, rose suddenly to his feet. The animals 
leaped up like a flash, but the rifle of the hunter rang out on the morning air, 
and the nearest deer (the wounded one) fell dead in the snow, while the other 
two bounded off at full speed. He bled the dead animal and then started after 
the others, and then noticed for the first time that one of the latter was bleed- 
ing. Within a quarter of a mile it was found dying in the snow. It was bled, 
and the hunter started after the other, when to his astonishment it was found 
also to be bleeding. At last he found it badly wounded, in a little clump of 
bushes, and dispatched it with his knife. All three deer had undoubtedly been 
struck by the same bullet. The first one had five bullet holes in its hide, three 
of which had been made before it was last wounded ; but at all events the last shot 
brought it down. The other two were undoubtedly mortally wounded by the 
last shot. The three dead animals were loaded on the sled and taken home. It 
is related that Henry Randall, one day, saw a large bear in an oak tree eating 
acorns, whereupon he advanced, fired, and brought it dead to the ground. 
Col. William Cochran brought with him from Marion County, Ohio, three 
well-trained Siberian bloodhounds. They were savage animals and had to be 



248 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

watched. One day they were heard off in the woods baying at some animal 
they had brought to a stand, whereupon one or more of the boys went out 
with his gun to see what was the matter. He found that the dogs had driven 
a catamount into the top of a large perpendicular branch of a slanting tree, 
and one of the dogs had succeeded in reaching the foot of the branch, and 
was standing baying on the slanting trunk, while the others were on the ground 
twenty feet underneath. At the approach of the boy, and before he could get 
a shot, the catamount leaped to the ground, breaking its fall on a small ash 
tree beneath, and, running a short distance, ran up a very high tree and lay 
down lengthwise on a branch at the extreme top. As it leaped from the slant- 
ing tree, the dog on the trunk at the foot of the branch leaped after it, and 
was badly hurt by the fall. The boy hurried up, and, taking aim at the cata- 
mount, fired, and the animal, with a convulsive spring, fell the whole distance 
to the ground, probably dying before it struck. Many other incidents of a 
similar nature might be related if space permitted. 

To Milford belongs the credit of organizing the first company of Regulators 
in accordance with an act of the State Legislature, approved in 1852. On the 
12th of September, 1856, the following men and others assembled at the Bul- 
lock Schoolhouse to effect an organization, and devise some means to bring 
horse-thieves, counterfeiters and other criminals to punishment : J. L. Bul- 
lock, Alanson Hill, Orrin Fuller, Zopher Case, George W. James, A. P. Case, 
Jacob Hill, William Hill, Ebenezer Hill, Isaac Carpenter, Charles Cochran, 
Phillip Helmer, Stephen Shearman and John Shearman. Mr. Bullock was 
chosen President, Alanson Hill, Vice President, and Orrin Fuller, Secretary. 
The latter, and perhaps others, was appointed to draft a constitution, which 
was done, it being presented and adopted on the 20th of September, 1856. 
This company did very effective service in this and adjoining counties. 

Milford was the home of Benjamin B. Waterhouse, a native of Connecti- 
cut, though reared in Oswego County, N. Y. He was one of the noblest and 
kindest-hearted men that ever lived. From his earliest years, his soul shrank 
in repugnance from that so-called " divine institution," known as human slavery. 
His conscience cried out against the wrong, and, at last, led him into promi- 
nent connection with a well-traveled line of Underground Railroad. He lost no 
opportunity to assist runaway slaves on their way to Canada, and his house 
at last became a noted harbor, and was known to colored people far down in 
the Southern States. The first noted station south of his house was at the 
Whitfords, in Allen Township, Noble County, while the first one north was at 
Orland, and the second at the residence of John Waterhouse, twelve miles south 
of Coldwater, Mich. A volume might be employed in which to tell all the 
incidents connected with the career of Mr. Waterhouse as an Underground Rail- 
road agent. He had a covered buggy, or carriage, in which the slaves were 
placed, when not too numerous (in such case a wagon was used) and a blanket 
thrown over the heads of the blacks), and conveyed to Orland, and there de- 




^AWi^ "^O-c^Aam^^ 



MILFORD TP. 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 251 

livered to a wagon-maker named Clark, or to Mr. Barry and one or two other 
trusty men ; hence they were taken on to the house of John Waterhouse and 
other places north. Some hypercritical persons have said that his carriage 
Btunk terribly of the negroes who rode in it. It is safe to say that Mr. Water- 
house helped 100 runaway slaves to escape. His neighbors did not molest 
him, though some were much opposed to what he was doing. It is said that 
David Randall went out one morning with his hoe on his shoulder to dig 
potatoes. He had scarcely begun, when a gigantic negro came swiftly from 
the woods a short distance away, and approached him. Mr. Randall saw in- 
stantly, from the weary appearance, torn clothing, haggard face, and indis- 
pensable bundle of clothing of the colored man, that he was a fugitive slave. 
Thinking to try the fellow a little, Mr. Randall called out, "Look here! you 
are running away from your master. You turn right around and start back 
for the South, or I'll report you." It was no fun for the desperate colored 
man, for he thought Mr. Randall was in earnest. He looked fiercely at the 
settler for an instant, and then coolly laid down his stick and bundle, took off 
his ragged coat and placed it on the ground, doubled up a pair of fists that 
looked like sledge-hammers, and then started for the settler, exclaiming, 
"Massa, ye'd better got yerself ready ; I'se a comin'." The settler, in alarm, 
instantly protested that he was only fooling; and the fugitive desisted and went 
slowly back and put on his coat. Mr. Randall directed him on his way, and 
the determined fellow was soon out of sight. 

After the enactment of the fugitive slave law, in 1852, Mr. Waterhouse 
worked harder than ever for the slaves. Early one morning, during the autumn 
of 1853, Augustus Whitford, of Noble County, brought five or six fugitive 
colored men in a wagon to the residence of Mr. Waterhouse. As they were to 
be taken on to Orland by Mr. Waterhouse without delay, Mrs. Waterhouse and 
daughters hurriedly prepared them a substantial breakfast. This they dis- 
patched as only travelers know how, and soon they were again on their way, 
reaching Orland in a few hours. At this point the whole party, including 
Messrs. Clark, Barry and others, of Orland, were seen by men who reported 
the violation of the law to Dr. Marsh, a Deputy United States Marshal resid- 
ing near there. The slaves were taken on to Canada by the Abolitionists 
without molestation. The owners of the slaves became aware of how the latter 
escaped, and learned the names of Mr. Waterhouse and those at Orland who 
had assisted him. They therefore, in the fall of 1854, had these men arraigned 
before the United States Circuit Court at Indianapolis for a violation of the 
fugitive slave law, Mr. Cyrus Fillmore, brother of ex-President Fillmore, ap- 
pearing as one of the prosecuting witnesses. Mr. Waterhouse was found guilty, 
and sentenced to pay a fine of $50 and to be imprisoned for twenty-four hours. 
Tlie imprisonment was remitted or avoided, but the fine was probably paid. 
This action of the court did not deter Mr. Waterhouse one iota from frequent 
future violations of the (to him) odious law. 



252 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

About this time, strong anti-slavery meetings were held in various portions 
of the surrounding country. One was held at Orland, which, at that time, 
contained many Abolitionists. Miss Whitford, of Allen Township, Noble 
County, an enthusiastic Abolitionist and a lady of excellent heart and char- 
acter, was present and sang, with great power and effect, the song, one verse 
of which is: 

"The bayiuf! hounds are on my track ; 
Old massa's close behinfl, 
And he'8 resolved to take me back 
Across the Dixon line." 

A large meeting of the same nature was held at Brushy Chapel, Spring- 
field Township, about the same time. Miss Whitford being present and singing 
the same and other appropriate songs. 

Mr. Waterhouse was a sincere and ardent Methodist, and took his position 
regarding slavery because he thought that Divine approval would sanction such 
a course. May his name be written with those of "Old" John Brown and 
Owen Lovejoy. 

During the autumn of 1836, Col. Cochran built a dam at the outlet of 
Long Lake, and over a short race erected the first saw-mill in the township. The 
mill was provided with a "flutter-wheel" and a "sash saw." It lias changed 
owners many times and has been subjected to many alterations, but it is yet in 
operation. George Bassett, at an early day, made shingles by horse- power. 
He turned out a considerable quantity, finding a ready sale in the neisilibor- 
hood. Smith & Chaffee built a steam saw-mill about thirty years ago. It was 
a good mill. They also manufactured shingles. In 1848, the Plank Road 
Company built a steam saw-mill at South Milford, which, under a change of 
owners, has been in operation since. It has done a vast amount of sawing. 
A Mr. Baxter conducted an ashery in the southern part for a series of years. 

Quite a little village grew up at Mud Corners at an early day. F. B. 
Masey erected a store building there about the year 1845. He had probably 
$3,000 worth of goods. Wright & Barry soon succeeded him. They erected 
an ashery, and for several years manufiictured more than twenty tons of pearl- 
ash per annum, the greater portion of which was shipped away to market. 
James Knight began the erection of a brewery at the place, but abandoned the 
project before the building was completed. George W. Hatch built a tannery 
there ; he bought hides, but retired from the business before any leather was 
finished. William Knight conducted a blacksmith shop there ; Judge Seeley 
the same. William Dunn was Postmaster there, and it is said the office paid 
the official well. The place saw its brightest days about thirty years ago. The 
road past the corners and on down into Springfield Township was at that time 
known as " Brain street," from the number of Judges and other officials who 
lived thereon. 

In 1856, John A. Bartlett and Francis Henry, owners and proprietors, 
laid out forty-seven lots on Section 32, and named the village thus founded 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 253 

South Milford. There were four or five families living in the village at the 
time it was laid out. In about the year 1852, Wildman & Taylor opened a 
good country store. Jonathan Law was in the partnership in some capacity. 
Lambert & Rowe appeared with a stock of goods a few years before the last 
war broke out. Other merchants have been Hamlin Brothers, Dr. Gower, 
Austin, Jenkins, W. W. Miller, Hamilton Trindle, and the present partnership, 
J. N. Strayer & Co. The Bartlett Brothers owned the old store building. They 
erected the first hotel building. Theodore Upson is the present owner of a 
wagon and carriage shop, which is doing an excellent business. Orrin Fuller 
was in the same business about twenty years ago. Wildman & Taylor removed 
their store in about 1857. Fuller & Francis owned a good store at an early 
day. Dr. Diggins located in the village in about the year 1854, but did not 
remain over a year. Dr. John Dancer appeared in August, 1855, and has since 
remained practicing in the village and surrounding country. He is one of the 
substantial men of the place. Dr. White was in two years, coming in 1869. 
Dr. Broughton was in three years. Dr. Robinson was in a year and a half. 
Dr. W. A. Nusbaum appeared with packages and powders last March. The 
present population is about two hundred. In 1880, the following persons had 
passed the age of seventy-five : Clarissa Dyer, seventy-eight ; John Fought, 
eighty-seven ; Kalzamon Gunn, seventy-nine ; Isaac Hey wood, eighty-eight ; 
Jacob West, eighty ; Mary Fiandt, eighty-nine ; Valentine Groh, seventy- 
nine : Betsy Gunn, seventy-nine ; Peter Sabin, eighty. 

Schools started up at a very early day in Milford. The first school build- 
ing in the township was erected during the autumn of 1836, by several of the 
settlers in at that time, among whom were the Cochrans, the Goodsells, the 
Turners, the Butts and others. Orris Danks taught in this house during the 
following winter, some twelve scholars attending. Danks was a long-limbed, 
eccentric Yankee. He had a good education for the times, and the backwoods 
children regarded him as a marvel of learning and greatness. Of couse the 
Yankee was equal to an emergency of that kind. It did him proud. This 
schoolhouse was located at what afterward became known as -'Mud Corners," 
named so from the extremely muddy place at the crossing. The old house was 
a substantial one, and was used until not far from the year 1854, when another 
was erected at the same place by Capt. Barry and Judge Seeley. The walls 
were built of cobble stones and mortar, and the building became known as the 
" Mud Schoolhouse." Some say that this schoolhouse (built as it was of mud 
and stone) gave name to the place, but that is a mistake, as the locality was 
known as " Mud Corners " long before the building was erected. The " mud " 
house was a poor concern, as the boys soon picked it in pieces with their jack- 
knives. In this manner an extra door was soon made at one corner, and then 
the building became dangerous, and another was built. Not far from the year 
1840, a log schoolhouse was built in the western part, near the Cases. In about 
the year 1838, a log schoolhouse was built about half a mile north of South 



254 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

Milford. This was probably the second school building in the township. The 
Baileys, the Fitches, the Sturgises, the Bassetts and others, sent to this house. 
Two terms of school were taught before 1840, in a building near the saw-mill 
owned by Col. Cochran. Immediately afterward, a log schoolhouse was built 
in the Perkins neighborhood. The Cochran school building was erected about 
twenty-five years ago. The one near the Kinsman saw-mill was built in about 
1843, and the one two miles east of it not far from the same time. In those 
early days, schoolhouses followed the settlers — no regard being paid to their 
location — just so far apart. Wherever a sufficient number of children were 
found, there was the spot for a log schoolhouse. The first school structure in 
South Milford was a frame building, now used as a dwelling by J. A. Bartlett, 
and was erected in 1854. Miss Hartsock was one of the first teachers. The 
house was built wholly at the expense of the townspeople, no assistance being 
received from the Township Trustees. Good schools were held in this house, 
which was used until five years ago, when the present brick building was erected. 
The township is at present provided with good schoolhouses. 

A small Baptist society was early organized at the residence of Col. 
Cochran. Elder Bailey, of Angola, preached for the few families that gath- 
ered there. The society survived but a few years. As early as 1838, a 
Methodist Episcopal society was organized at Mud Corners by Rev. Thomas 
Conley. Among the early members were B. B. Waterhouse and family, John 
Searl, wife and daughter, Capt. Barry and wife, John Barry and wife, Jacob 
Butts and wife, the Trowbridges, Hiram Hunt and others. In a short time 
trouble arose in the society, and a division occurred, one faction going nortli- 
west and building the Brushy Chapel, and the other remaining at the old 
schoolhouse at Mud Corners. After a few years, the latter scattered or died 
out, but the former has endured until the present. A Church of God society 
was organized iu the southwestern part about thirty-five years ago. It was 
instituted, it is said, by Elder Martin, who became the first pastor. Subse- 
quent pastors have been Elders Hickernell, Thomas, Logue, BlickenstalT, Sands 
and Bumpus. In 1848, the society numbered some thirty members, and soon 
afterward exceeded that number, reaching about fifty in 1860. In 1864, the 
frame church was erected under a contract of $1,000 with W. W. Lovett, the 
building committee being David Lower, Jacob Sturgis and Jacob Adams. 
The total cost of the building was about $1,200. The society numbers some 
sixteen members at present. Sunday school was organized at an early day, 
Alexander Meleny being the first, or one of the first, superintendents. It was 
an excellent country Sunday school for many years. Quite a strong Methodist 
society was early organized in the Cochran neighborhood. It flourished for 
some eight or ten years. The Church of God society in the northeastern 
corner had its origin many years ago in the old schoolhouse. Here the mem- 
bers continued to assemble until some questions arose regarding the use of the 
schoolhouse, when it was thought best to build a church, which was accordingly 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 255 

done not many years since. The society is not very strong numerically, 
though it is doing good work. Some of its best members live in Springfield 
Township. 



C HAP T E R XVI. 



BY R. H. KERICK, 



Clay Township— Swamps and Marshes— Journey to the Wilderness — 
Early Homes and Labors— Appalling Mortality in 1838— Growth 
AND Improvement— Churches and Schools. 

CLAY TOWNSHIP, though lying near the heart of the county, was one of 
the latest townships organized and still remains behind other townships in 
wealth and population. In the earliest days of the settlement, heavy forests and 
marshes covered the land, with only about five sections out of the thirty-six 
inviting to the settler. To the north lay the broad prairies and easier cultivated 
lands of the upper townships, from which Clay was cut off by a long chain of 
marshes and rivulets and small lakes. At the present time, a large fraction of 
the land is marsh, and, in 1830, the water was a much more general element 
than now. At that time the now insignificant Buck Creek would indulge in 
floods during rainy seasons. The configuration of the township is uninterest- 
ing, except at the north, where the country is rolling, often approaching the 
dignity of hills. The only body of water in the township lies near the northern 
line — Buck Lake — which is yet an attractive little sheet of water, though cul- 
tivation has destroyed much of the picturesque surroundings it had when it was 
a favorite " watering-place " of the Pottawatomie braves and belles, when they 
were out on the Mongoquinong and Goshen trail. This spot is now rich in 
Indian relics, and a few small mounds or burial places are yet distinguishable. 
With its disadvantages in character of land. Clay did not rival the richer settle- 
ments in early years and did not get a start until La Grange came to be the 
most important town in the county. The first certificate issued for Clay land 
was No. 4,536 to Nathan Jenks, on June 9, 1835. One of the most interesting 
of the later entries is that made by the distinguished expounder of the Consti- 
tution, Daniel Webster, who, it appears, bought of the Government the east 
half of the northeast quarter of Section 9, and received Land Order 12,656, 
dated July 20, 1836. The great statesman afterward conveyed it to Senator 
James A. Bayard, father of the present Democratic leader. In the course of 
later transfers, the land passed through the hands of the old United States Bank, 
which was "nullified " by Andrew Jackson. There was but little speculation 
in Clay lands. 

A saw-mill on Buck Creek, at the site of the mills now owned by 
E. Fleck, was one of the first buildings in the township. Before there were 
any other white men settled in the township, material was prepared in 



256 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTV. 

1835 by a few settlers from the surrounding country for this mill. Samuel 
Hood was the builder, but it was not completed until after 1837. Levi 
Knott then ran the mill. A little settlement grew up with this industry, 
which formed the nucleus of the township growth. In this neighborhood 
there settled the Spragues, Madison and Michael, Thomas and Anson 
Clark, the latter the only single man, and Gilbert, a son-in-law of Thomas 
Clark. Gilbert soon left the country on account of irregularities which the 
settlers could not tolerate, even in such a distant outpost of civilization. These 
pioneers were all from Ohio. Some of them had had bitter experiences coming 
up through the Black Swamp on the Dayton road, in Ohio, and it took brave 
hearts to go through the hardships and trials of the journey for the sake of 
opening up the ague-tainted woods and marshes. In 1836, John Ryason came 
in, having bought lands near the present site of La Grange. After much hard 
work in improving the township, he moved to La Grange, and afterward died. 
Two other early comers were Montgomery and Boyles, who were employed at 
the mill in 1839. The first birth in the township is claimed to be a daughter 
to John and Charlotte Ryason, born March 17, 1837. But about the same 
time, Mrs. Montgomery presented the world with triplets, an occurrence which 
caused quite a sensation, and people came in numbers to see the little pioneers, 
not forgetting gifts for the parents, who were very poor. About 1837, Richard 
Salmon and his father and John Ramsey came to the country from New Jersey. 
Obadiah Lawrence, an early settler in Van Buren, married in that town, and 
came to Clay in 1836. He was a member of the first election board in 1838, 
when there were hardly enough voters to act as officers. One of the Thorps 
served on this board. There were four of this family, well known at that time 
— Elisha Thorp, the father ; and his sons, William, John and Jacob. Lived 
near Lapman's Schoolhouse. 

Shedrick Carney, one of the most widely known of the men who put 
muscle into the farms of Clay, came into line on land near La Grange February 
28, 1838. He had previously been in the county. He remembers with distinct- 
ness the bitter weather in which his journey was made, and the deep snow 
■which covered the promised land upon his arrival. Mr. Carney was one of the 
contractors for furnishing lumber for the first court house, at $6.50 per thousand 
feet. 

Samuel Carnahan, from Ohio, among the earliest, settled in the northeast 
in 1843, and lived here until his death in 1867. His sons, Alexander, Hiram 
and Samuel, are still residents of the county. 

These pioneers had no easy task before them. The country they had 
chosen was difficult to open, and there was everything to dishearten all but the 
boldest. But they were men who could face such work and overcome it. Some 
of them could chop down a heavy oak before breakfast for an appetizer, and fell 
an ordinary monarch of the forest for pastime. Many came into the country 
throujrii mud and pelting snow. For food they must pay 18 cents a pound for 




^//^^^^^.^^ ^-/i^ce^^^^^-^-^ 



CLAY TP. 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 259 

pork, an article that would severely try a modern stomach. Salt was $9 a 
barrel and flour $14, and this had to be teamed often through the Black Swamp. 
But the settlers stood up bravely, and were happy in the prospect of farms of 
two or three acres, until the ague came. The sickly season of 1838 aifected 
Clay so much as to practically put a stop to immigration for several years. 
Entire families would be shaking with fever and chills, unable to render assist- 
ance to each other. The ague had its favorite home in the bogs and fens of 
Clay. Other cheerful companions of those days were the rattlesnakes and 
wolves and Indians. Of the lot, the Indians were the most harmless. They 
hunted deer through the township a great deal, but never molested the white 
men. The last of the red men turned their faces to the setting sun and de- 
parted in 1843-44. Yet, with all their hardships, the settlers were not alto- 
gether unhappy. Mark Tapley could be cheerful in the "Eden" of swamp that 
Dickens tells of, and our pioneers were much better located than Mark was, 
and just as light-hearted. There were social gatherings once in a while, as the 
settlement increased — gatherings of the men sometimes — and thereby hangs 
many a tale of lively "shindies" and high old times in some lonely cabin. As 
time wore on, there were meetings now and then in the old log schoolhouse, 
which was put up in 1837, near the present residence of John Shirley, Sr. It 
was only eighteen feet square, but people would go from all parts of the town- 
ship and the country around about, on foot or in ox carts, and pack it full and 
overflowing. 

Another log schoolhouse was erected on Henry Wallace's land in the 
south, a little later. In the spring of 1836, Eppah Robbins built the first 
blacksmith-shop on the banks of Buck Creek. All of these old buildings have 
been destroyed. Although this region was not much sought after for some 
time (the prairies being preferred), people continued to come in slowly. Among 
the new-comers of 1839-40 were M. P. Sprague, who came from New York, 
and, in 1845, opened a brick-yard upon his land ; William Wigton, father of 
James C. and R. F. Wigton, of La Grange, occupied a farm in the same neigh- 
borhood. Mr. Wigton, in company with Edwin Owen, built a saw-mill on this 
land in 1 853, and operated it for six years. In 1864, Mr. Owen removed to 
Van Buren Township. Another early family were the Woodwards (Mrs. Mar- 
garet Woodward and her sons, John, William and Thomas), who are yet prom- 
inent citizens of the township and vicinity. 

About 1843, there were bad seasons in Ohio, and, in consequence, a con- 
siderable immigration took place, of which Clay received its share. Prominent 
among those who settled in the northeast of the township were Sylvester 
Davis, who remained but a few years ; his son, Franklin Davis (who in his 
early days managed the Showalter Mill, at La Grange, married in 185(), and 
went upon the farm in Section 11 which he now occupies); Lewis Merrifield 
and James Packer, afterward of Bloomfield ; Jesse Everett, David and Silas 
Latta (the latter of whom is deceased), Josiah Eaton and Oscar Spaulding. 



260 HISTORV OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

James Boyd, of Tuscarawas County, Oliio, generously increased the population by 
settling north of Sayler's Schoolhouse with a family of seventeen children. Mr. 
Boyd is still numbered among the living pioneers, but his wife is deceased. A 
little later than 1840, John Merriman bought land in the neighborhood of Fleck's 
Mills, and, in 1844, John Bobbins, who had been living in the county since 
February, 1836, at Pretty Prairie and Van Buren, moved into Clay, on to a farm 
in Section 20. Mr. Robbins was born in Pennsylvania in 1808, moved with 
his father in 1816 to Ohio, and came to this county with his brothers and sister 
at the above date. He is still a citizen of the township. 

One of the most famous characters of the north of the township during the 
early times was Richard Thompson, or Dick, as they called him, a whole-souled 
and pious old man, but withal as jovial as any other son of Erin. He invested 
his property in Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad stock, which, unfortunately, 
has since then seldom attained the value of 15 cents on the dollar. 

The settlement on the town-line road between Clearspring and Clay was 
begun in the years 1835 or 1836, when Erastus Clark, one of the earliest 
Justices of the township, settled on land now occupied by John Roy; Ernestus 
Schermerhorn came to the neighborhood about the same time as Clark did. 
John Roy was here in 1838, but did not at that time remain, being compelled 
by family misfortunes to return to his old home in Wayne County, N. Y. In 
1840, ho came again to Clay and has since been a resident. Mr. Roy has been 
honored by his township with the position of Trustee for fourteen years, during 
which time he has erected nearly all the schoolhouses now in use in the town- 
ship. The other earliest comers were Elisha Taylor, who lived at the present 
residence of Milton Bingham ; Ilezekiah Beebee ; Leiflick Sanburn, of New 
England ; Widow Dorcas Bailey, of Ohio ; and Jacob Mosher, of New York, 
who was in 1881 the oldest man in the township. The people were mostly from 
the East, and formed an intelligent and kindly neighborhood. In 1842, Mrs. 
Caroline G. Bingham, with her son Milton and daughter Laura, came to the 
home of her father, Elisha Taylor, where the mother and son still reside. 
Their journey was from Allegany County, N. Y'., overland — there were nine 
in the wagon, and it was an eighteen days' journey. Mrs. Bingham was one 
of the earliest schoolmistresses, and can also remember, as an incident of that 
time, when every one turned his hand to everything in the way of work, when 
she could see specimens of her tailoring on nearly all of the church-goers at 
the log schoolhouse. Samuel Beatty, who now owns several hundred acres of 
land and is one of the leading solid men of the township, came in about 1844, 
and by skill in coopering paid for a yoke of oxen to begin the work of clear- 
ing ofi' the nucleus of his present possessions. In 1851, Arad Lapman 
moved into Clay Township from Newbury, and settled where he now lives. 

In 1843, there was a school begun in the Taylor Schoolhouse, just over in 
Clcarspring, which was taught by Elizabeth Sanburn, daughter of Eliphalet 
Sanburn, and afterward the wife of Andrew Ellison, Esq. In 1844, a school- 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 263 

house was built on Taylor's farm, in which Hannah Parker was the first 
teacher. A school was maintained here until 1858, when the house was de- 
stroyed. It was in this house that the body of Charles Wolford, who, in a 
moment of derangement, cut his throat in a wood near by, in early days, was 
laid out to await the Coroner. A saw-mill in this neighborhood, owned by 
Davis i& Fought, and afterward by William Hudson, was burned during the 
war. Christian Plank built a saw-mill in Section 33, in 1866. 

The early trading of the settlers was done at Lima, and that town and La 
Grange continue to be the markets of the township, there being no stores or 
taverns in its limits. The first road to be laid out was the Baubaga road, 
running directly west from La Grange through the center of the township, and 
about the same time the Pigeon road, following in part the old trail past Buck 
L:ike. About 1840, the road running north and south past the Fleck Mills 
was opened. Between 1840 and 1850 the population increased at a good rate, 
and it is impracticable to give an account of the progress of the settlement. 
The later history of the township, further than that given in our sketches of the 
churches and schools, gives but a few points for notice. In 1843, there was a 
memorably severe winter ; provisions were very scarce in the settlement and 
no way of getting supplies. The snow lay on the ground continuously from 
the middle of November until the 3d of April. A great many cattle and 
horses died for lack of food. This was a discouraging time, and the necessity 
of eating corn-bread as a regular diet created earnest longings for the wheat 
fields of the East. 

Among the industries of the township years ago was iron mining in a 
small way. There are considerable deposits of bog-iron ore, or limonite, in 
Hobbs' Marsh, which were for a time mined and the oi-e taken to the old forge 
in Lima Township; but the business soon proved unprofitable and was discon- 
tinued some time before the war. One of the most important establishments 
in the county is the Fleck Mills, upon the site of the original saw-mill built in 
1837. E. Fleck, in 1881 the sole owner of the mills, was born in 1834, in 
Tuscarawas County, Ohio. Upon his coming to age, he went to La Porte 
County, to learn the trade of carpentering, and then returned to Ohio, where 
he was married in 1857. In 1865, he came to the township with his father, 
bought the old mill property, and rebuilt the saw-mill in 1867. In 1871, the 
flouring-mill was completed, which grinds the grists for a great part of the pop- 
ulation west of La Grange. The mills have never suffered from fire and no 
accident has occurred, save an occasional washing away of the dam. 

In that long-to-be-remembered year of conflagration, 1871, there were 
destructive fires in the marshes of Clay. One started in the marsh southwest 
of Fleck's Mills, and came sweeping up in that direction with the fury of a 
cyclone. The whole population turned out to meet and keep down the flames, 
and all other work was neglected. A great many fences were destroyed and a 
barn belonging to Widow Latta was burned. It was so throughout the town- 



264 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. 

ship, and if it had not been for the heroic efforts of the people, much valuable 
property would have gone up in smoke. A funeral was being conducted at the 
Sayler Schoolhouse at the time when the fire came up in that neighborhood. 
The sense of danger and the demand for help at the fire overcame every other 
feeling, and in a few moments scarcely enongh were left to attend to the burial. 
The early settlers have had much experience in fighting fire, but none equal to 
that in 1871. 

A startling deed of violence took place on the evening of December 18, 
1861, which resulted in the arrest of Hiram Springer, Daniel Rowan, Whiting 
Phillips and several other young men on a charge of murder. The party of 
young fellows and Mr. Jacob Beam and several members of his family became 
engaged in an unfortunate conflict at Mr. Beam's house, in which he was struck 
down and his neck broken, resulting in his immediate death. The men above 
named were indicted for murder, but all were discharged except Springer, who 
was found guilty of manslaughter, but was ultimately discharged. 

On the afternoon of January 20, 1876, an appalling accident occurred in 
the township, the saddest in the history of the county. A steam saw-raill be- 
longing to William Price and Joseph Kennedy, and located two miles north- 
west of La Grange, was blown to pieces on that day, and three men instantly 
killed. The mill was totally demolished and scattered over an area of ten 
acres. The proprietors and employes were in the mill at the time of the 
explosion, and Price was thrown some distance, bruised and stunned. Kennedy 
was so badly torn and bruised that he breathed his last as soon as picked up. 
Sebastian Goss, the sawyer, was instantly killed and Henry Corwin, the en- 
gineer, was terribly mangled. To add to the horror, a little child of Mr. Ken- 
nedy's was so badly scalded that its life was long despaired of. The proprietors 
had been residents of Clay for about three years. The terrible event produced 
a profound sensation. It was one of those mysterious explosions for which no 
one can be blamed and cannot be explained. 

Clay Township is now populous and becoming well developed. The 
marshes are being drained and cultivated, fine roads traverse the township in 
every direction, the fertile soil is well tilled and yields abandantly, and many 
fine residences attest the comfortable circumstances of the farmers who have 
made Clay what it is, and now have a right to enjoy the fruits of their labor. 

Brief sketches of the churches and schools of the township will serve to 
indicate its social development. The first religious meetings in the township 
were held by a Methodist Episcopal minister, stationed at Lima. The same 
denomination have at present small classes at Green's and Roy's Schoolhousea, 
whose pastor is Rev. B. H. Hunt. The Rev. James Latham, a very earnest 
and fiery circuit preacher of the Protestant Methodist Church, began to preach 
at Sayler's Schoolhouse about the middle of August, and as the settlers had 
been without religious services for some time, he met with great success, in 
spite of the unfavorable season. A regular old-fashioned revival was the result ; 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 265 

people crowded to the meetings, and a great many conversions occurred. The 
Bethel Church, which continues to be the leading society, was organized at this 
time. Before this time, there had been an organization of the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church at the Sayler Schoolhouse, near the present home of Milton 
Bingham, which was ministered to by Revs. Miller, Fairchild and others. The 
Bethel society, at its formation, had thirty-five members ; there are now sixty- 
six. 

Among the early ministers were S. F. Hale, B. B. Newell, James Mc- 
Kinlay, H. H. Hulbert, D. B. Clark and Stephen Phillips. The Bethel 
Church continued its meetings in the Sayler Schoolhouse until 1880, when it 
was proposed to erect a church. The work was commenced at once with great 
spirit, the brick was drawn during a busy season from a yard several miles 
distant, and, in eight months, one of the neatest and most commodious churches 
in the county was erected, and the debt raised. The church is in dimensions 
36x48, is comfortably seated, and accommodates an audience of 400. About 
one thousand persons attended the dedication services in January, 1881, and 
the sermon was delivered by President George B. Michelroy, of Adrian College. 
At this meeting. §1,285 was raised. A pleasant feature of the enterprise 
was the absence of all discord among the members. Among those who were 
active in the building of the church were Josiah Eaton, Franklin Davis, 
Michael Gerrin, Hiram Carnahan, Samuel Carnahan, Samuel Crowl and 
Ephraim Latta. The Methodist Protestant Church also has societies meeting 
at Bobbins' Schoolhouse (seventeen members), and at Plank's Schoolhouse 
(twenty-three members). Rev. L. F. Hutt is the present pastor (1881). Josiah 
Eaton has been for some time Superintendent of the Sabbath school in Bethel 
Church, and is Vice President of the County Sabbath School Association. A 
short time before the Latham revival, the Baptist Church had an organization 
at the Bobbins Schoolhouse, but it is not now maintained. At Roy's School- 
house there is a Lutheran society at present. The Amish and German Baptists 
have a small following in the western part of the township. 

The earliest schoolhouses have already been referred to. All of those first 
built in the various school districts have been torn down and replaced by new 
and commodious houses, except Poynter's Schoolhouse, which is of recent erec- 
tion. The present houses are known as Shirley's, Sayler's, Ford's, Beatty's, 
Green's, Rowan's, Robbins', Miller's, Walter's, Everett's, Roy's and Poyn- 
ter's, all of frame, and valued at $6,500. Twelve teachers are at present em- 
ployed, and receive $1.40 per day on the average, if of the sterner sex, and 
$1.13, if women, for an average term of 140 days. The average attendance 
for 1880-81 was 221, out of an enrollment of 384. The first division of the 
township into school districts was made January 5, 1844. The following is a 
list of Trustees for the township: First, Michael Sprague, George Hood and 
Frank Gould; Second, John Merriman, Elisha Thorp and Obadiah Lawrence; 
Third, Eliphalet Sanburn, Erastus and Samuel Clark ; Fourth, William B. 



266 HISTORY OF LA GRANGE COUNTY. ( 

1 
Elliott, Jared 0. Chapman and Reuben Hays ; Fifth, Michael P. and James M. J 

Sprague, and Samuel Carnahan. ^ 

Following is a list of the Justices of the Peace since 1842, as shown by ^ 
the records : William Woodward, 1851-56 ; Sylvester Davis, 1850 ; Hugh . 
Finlay, 1849; Levi Knott, 1847-49; J. S. Merriman, 1845-50; Kiah 
Gould, 1844-49; George Hood, 1842-44; James Finlay, 1855; William . 
Lewis, 1854-58; Josiah T. Bowen, 1854-58; Thomas Snyder, 1860-72; I 
Emanuel Fleck, 1868-76 ; George D. Rockwell, 1872-80 ; Lewis Lisher, 1876- 
84 ; John Robbins, 1879-81 ; Sheldon Robbins, 1880-84. By the census of < 
1880 the following persons, over the age of seventy-five, were shown to be 
residents of the township : James Boyd, seventy-nine ; John Brindley, eighty- 
three ; Jerusha Eatenger, seventy-six ; George Eatenger, seventy-six ; Jacob 
Erb, eighty-three ; Frederick Labold, seventy-seven ; Jacob Mosher, eighty- i 
two ; Arethusa Mosher, seventy-seven ; Eleanor Norris, eighty ; Hetty ' 
Sprague, seventy-six. 




BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 

OTIS L. BALLOU, attorney at law, was born in Saratoga County, N. 
Y., August 31, 1849; son of Pardon D. and Catharine (Bonesteel) Ballou. 
The family is of French origin, and formerly pronounced their name Valloo. 
Early in the history of the United States, two brothers emigrated to this 
country and all of that name now here are the direct descendants of these two. 
The name is familiar in the halls of Congress and also in literature and 
religion. Otis L. Ballou was brought to Ashtabula County, Ohio, when a 
small boy, by his parents, and there reared to manhood. He graduated from 
the Kingsville Academy in 1868, and in 1869 married .Julia M. Curtiss. The 
same year, he and his wife, and his parents moved to La Grange County, where 
he began farming and teaching school. While at this he began the study of 
law, liaving access to the library of Andrew Ellison. He was admitted to 
practice in 1872, but did not commence until June, 1875, and continued alone 
until September, 1878, when he formed a partnership with George A. Cutting, 
which e.xisied until September, 18S0. Mr. Ballou is a Democrat, and is Mas- 
ter County Commissioner of the county. He has held local positions of trust, 
and is one of the present School Trustees. To Mr. and Mrs. Ballou were born 
two children — Pardon D. and Katie M. 

•JOHN BARE was bora in Marion County, Ohio, April 24, 1826, one of 
a family of nine children — six now living — born to Amos and Overbia (Blox- 
som) Barr, who emigrated from Ohio to VVhite Pigeon, Mich., with the family 
of John Miller, in 1829. The same year, they staked claims in Greenfield 
Township, this county — the land at that time not being in the market — and in 
1830 moved, built cabins, and made that their final home. Amos Barr dying 
in May, 1838, John Barr, our subject, made his home in Greenfield Township, 
from the time he moved there with his parents until his removal to La Grange 
in 1881. The farm in Greenfield consisis of 180 acres of fine land on English 
Prairie, and is rented out. He was married in 18.51 to Miss Mary M., daugh- 
ter of David and Elizabeth (Green) Elya, and who came from New York to La 
Grange County in 1847. To this union there have been born three children — 
Julia, wife of Charles H. Miller, of Greenfield Township ; Flemming, who 
married Ella Fraleigh, and resides in Greenfield Township; and Libbie, wife 
of M. H. Anderson, attorney, of La Grange. Mr. Anderson's father was the 
first white child born in Greenfield Township. Mr. Barr is living a retired 
life. He is a Republican and a member of the Masonic fraternity. 

MAJ. W. B. BINGHAM was born in Adams County, Penn., November 14, 
1819 ; son of David and Sarah (Burns) Bingham — on his father's side descended 
from Irish ancestors and on his mother's from Scotch. Both of Maj. Bingham's 
grandfathers came to the United States prior to the Revolutionary war, and 



268 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

both served the Colonies, as mechanics, in their struggle for independence. 
Maj. Bingham, in 1828, emigrated, with iiis parents, to Richland County, Ohio. 
At the age of ton, he was employed as mail carrier, on horseback, from Mans- 
field to the mouth of the Black River, at that time a hazardous duty. Young 
Bingham continued at this until about the age of fifteen, when he engaged at 
clerking in Mansfield and neighboring towns. Afterward engaged in agricult- 
ural pursuits until 1847, when he enlisted for the Mexican war, under Col. 
Brulf, in the Fourth Ohio Regiment. He was first in Gen. Taylor's division 
on the Rio Grande, but was afterward transferred to Gen. Scott's command. 
He participated in the battle of Atlixco and several other engagements under 
Gen. Lane, including Puebla and Waumautala. He remained with Lane until 
peace was declared, and was discharged as Orderly Sergeant the fall of 1X4S. 
He returned home, and in 1849 married Mary Dille. In 1855, he moved to 
La Grange. His health having failed from disease contracted in his Mexican 
campaign, he gave up farming and engaged in mercantile pursuits Long be- 
fore the breaking-out of the rebellion, Mr. Bingham had discerned the coming 
struggle, and being an excellent drill-master, he had a class formed and well 
drilled, so that on President Lincoln's first call he had troops ready for service. 
After sending three companies to the front, he was elected Captain of Company 
H in the Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and they entered service in 
September, 1861. At the battle of Fort Donelson, Capt. Bingham was pro- 
moted Major of the Forty-fourth for gallant conduct. He was mustered out 
for disability the spring of 1863, and has since been living a quiet and retired 
life. He and wife are the parents of five living children, viz. : Huldah, Frank, 
Emma, William and Edward. 

SAMUEL BRADFORD, deceased, was one of the first settlers of La 
Grange County; born in Hillsboro County, N. H., December 20, 1800, 
and was a lineal descendant of George Bradford, who came over in the May- 
flower. Samuel Bradford moved, with his parents, to New York State at an 
early day, where his father died in 1808, leaving a wife, three sons and four 
daughters. His school advantages consisted of three months' attendance, hav- 
ing been constantly employed in duties common to pioneer life. In 1820, being 
a minister of that faith, he was one of four to establish a branch of the first 
Free-Will Baptist Church in what is now Monroe County, N. Y. He married 
Betsey Compton the spring of 1825, in Bradford County, Penn. The next 
day, he left his bride and started into Ohio, where he was absent one year, 
looking after the interests of his church in Huron, Marion, Hardin, Logan, 
Champaign, Clark and Madison Counties. He then, with his wife, resided in 
Marion County, Ohio, five years. The spring of 1831, he came to La Grange 
County, pre-empting land in Greenfield Township, known as the "Stead farm," 
and owned by Benjamin Long. He erected a log cabin, and the succeeding 
fall returned to Ohio, and brought his family and settled on this place, which 
he sold in 1833 and moved to Springfield Township. In 1834, he erected on 
Turkey Creek the first saw-mill in the county, and in 1835 added a carding- 
raill. In 1836, he sold out and, in 1837, returned to Greenfield Township, 
living upon the farm of Samuel Brown, where he held schools in his house, 
among the first in the township. About this time. Elder Bradford withdrew 
from the Free-Will Baptist Church, having adopted the non-resistant and anti- 
slavery principles, and formed the society at Lexington known as the " Congre- 
gation of Saints." Elder Bradford was a man of strong religious convictions, 
and the greater part of his life was given to elevate and better mankind. He 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 269 

assisted in the organization of the La Grange Industrial Association, and at 
the time of his death was a member of tiie La Grange Plialanx. He died 
December 3, 1845, and to his memory was erected a monument by tlie mem- 
bers of the Congregation of Saints, on wiiich was inscribed the following : 

" Brother, in thee Society no common loss sustained, 
For thou wast to humanity a warm ami faithful friend. 

Thy life, thy ni)l)ler powers, with uu uusparin;; hand to Go<l and m:vn thou didat devote. 
And all thou hadst and all thoii was tliou gavest to promote." 

His wife was a native of Cooperstown, N. Y.; born December 8, 1799- 
They had four children— William C, Alvah E., Samuel P. and Lucinda. Mrs. 
Bradford bravely shared the privations of pioneer life, and after his death 
carried out the principles he had inculcated in the minds of their children, 
which left their impress u])on them through life. She died August -i, 1856. 

CAPT. SAMUEL P. BRADFORD, County Clerk, is theonly survivor of 
the family of Samuel Bradford, and, with the exception of one brother, Wm. C.. 
who is buried on the north side of Pretty Prairie, till rest in the village cemetery 
of Lexington. Capt. Bradford was born April 11, 1882, on English Prairie, 
in Greenfield Township, and is the oldest white person born in La Grange 
County and yet living here. He received a practical education, and when 
twelve years of age, his father died; after which he, in turn, farmed, taught 
school, worked at carpentering and clerked in ti store in Fort Wayne. From 
this last place he returned and lived with his mother until her death, after 
which he farmed in Milford Township. On the 22d of September, 1861, he 
enlisted in Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry as private ; but, 
after the battle of Corinth, was appointed Regimental (iuartermaster, and was 
with the command from Corinth to Battle Creek, Louisville, Nashville, and 
thence to Murfreesboro in 1863; then to McMinnville, Jasper, Bridgeport, 
Chickamauga and Chattanooga. January 19, 1863, he received his commission 
as Quartermaster of the regiment, and in the fall of 1864 was assigned to Gen. 
Steadman's staff' as Chief Quartermaster of the District of Etowah. January 11, 
1865, he was commissioned Captain of Company II of his regiment, but retaineil 
his position on Gen. Steadman's staff until October 1, 1865. His regiment, 
however, was mustered out September, 1865, while he was still on detached 
service; but he was simply relieved from duty, drawing no pay after November, 
1865, and finally, in 1868, was mustered out by special order of Gen. Grant. 
The Captain then engaged in business in Tennessee and Illinois, and, in 1870, 
returned to La Grange County. In 1877, he was elected County Clerk by the 
Republican party, which position he still holds. At the time of the completion 
of the new court house, the County Commissioners directed Capt. Bradford to 
arrange and index the records of the Clerk's office, which were in a bad con- 
dition. This task was completed, and has been pronounced the most complete 
system in the State. The successful manner in which Capt. Bradford super- 
vised the building of the new court house and arranged the details of his office 
has brought him into j)opular favor as an officer of executive ability. He was 
married, September 3, 1858, to Miss Sue E., only daughter of William Hern, 
deceased. 

C. A. BRANT is a son of Jabez and Arminda (Kirby) Brant, his birth 
occurring in what is now Ashland County, Ohio, January 31, 1829, and he is 
one of eleven children. His youth and early manhood were employed at dif- 
ferent occupations, mostly farming. He received a good common school edu- 
cation. In 1855, he married Armina Ensign, and in March, 1856, removed 



270 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

to Decatur, Iowa, where he engaged in farming ; he remained there until 1862, 
when he returned to Michigan, and in 1863 removed to La Grange, and was 
employed as traveling salesman, at which ne continued eleven years. In 1875, 
he established himself in tiie drug trade in La Grange. His wife died Sep- 
tember 4, 1866, having borne a family of four children, only two — Selwyn A. 
and Addie M. — now living. Mr. Brant married his present wife, Louisa V. 
Chase, July 1, 1873, and to this union is born one son — Charles E. Mr. Brant 
is a Democrat, has been a member of the Town Council, and is a member of 
the Masonic fraternity. Mrs. Brant is a member of the Presbyterian Church. 

J. S. & A. D. BROWN are sons of Abijah Brown, who was born May 
30, 1799, in South Adams, Vt. When a boy, his parents removed to Herki- 
mer County, N. Y., where they afterward died. At the age of twenty-one, he 
married Maria Shoff, and in 1826 removed to .\llegany County, N. Y. In 
1838, Mr. Brown located in Huron County, Ohio, and in 18-45 purchased land 
in this county, and in 1865, having disposed of his property in Ohio, he came 
with his family to La Grange. December 30, 1867, his wife died, and he Jan- 
uary 8, 1872. Their remains rest in La Grange Cemetery. They were parents 
of seven children — Electa, Ira W., Charlotte L., Jacob S., Julia M., Adrian 
D. and one that died in infancy. Jacob S. was born in New York State 
March 22, 1829. He came to La Grange County in the fall of 1854, locating 
near the southern line of Bloomfield Township, and started the first steam saw- 
mill in Johnson Township. The following spring his brother Ira came out, 
and they operated the mill two years. Jacob S. then sold his interest and re- 
turned to Ohio, where for three years he was engaged in farming. Adrian D. 
was born in Huron County, Ohio, December 17, 1840. He came to this 
county in 1865. That summer Mr. Brown, Sr., and Ira W. purchased the 
Boyd property, and in the spring of 1867, Adrian D. and his father began the 
drug business, continuing until the winter of 1871, when Jacob S. succeeded 
his father. In the spring a portion of the Boyd House was destroyed, and the 
father and three sons — Jacob, Ira and Adrian — began the erection of Brown's 
Hotel. It was completed in the spring of 1872 ; it was a four-story brick, 
including the basement, 48x100. The building was then leased, and the lower 
rooms occupied by business firms. In one room J. S. and A. D. Brown opened 
a drug store ; the bank occupied another. On the 7th of January, 1877, the 
building was destroyed by fire, the loss being upward of $18,000. In 1878, 
the grounds were divided and Jacob S. and Adrian D. began the erection of 
their present buildings, A. D. taking the north lot, wliicli is 22.\120, and J. S. 
the three lower lots, each 22x80. In the second story of the latter's building 
is situated Brown's Hall, 56x60, with a seating capacity of 800, and the best 
in town. A. D. is carrying on a good business in the drug and grocery line. 
The Browns deserve much credit for the enterprise which has characterized 
their career in La Grange, being among the best business men in the State. 
Jacob S. married his first wife, Elizabeth Ingraham, May 11, 1856. They 
had five children, two now living — Ellen M. and Kate E. The mother died 
in August. 1864, and in October, 1865, Mr. Brown married his present wife, 
Sarah M. Chamberlain. They have had two children — Frederick J. and Car- 
oline G. May 3, 1870, Adrian D. Brown married a sister of his brother's 
present wife. Miss Helena C. Chamberlain, and to them four children have 
been born — Guy C, Harold, Thaddeus and Chamberlain. 

GEORGE W. BURBRIDGE, station agent, was born in Nottawa. St. 
Joseph Co., Mich.. April 22, 1855, a son of Charles and Ann (Holling) Bur- 



TOWN OF LA CHANGE. 271 

bridge, natives of England, and who came to Canada, where they were married. 
At an early period they settled in St. Joseph County, Mich., and there engaged 
in farming. Mr. Burhridge was a poor man on liis arrival, but, being energetic, 
soon acquired valuable property. In 1863, he enlisted in Company F, Eleventh 
Michigan Volunteer Infantry, and in May, 1864, died from disease contracted 
while in the service. His widow died in 1870. George W. was raised in St. 
Joseph County, where he continued on the farm until the winter of 1872, when 
he taught school, after which he went to Oberlin, Ohio, to learn telegraphy. 
The fall of 1873, he went to Centerville, Mich., and was in the employ of the 
Michigan Central Railroad Company until the next November. Since that 
time he has been employed at different places in his business, among them being 
Fort Wayne, Winchester and Sturgis. For two months he was shipping clerk 
in the furniture establishment of J. G. Wait, in Sturgis. December 14, 1876, 
he was employed by the Grand Rapids k Indiana Railroad, as agent at this 
place. He is a Republican, and was married June 27, 1877, to Miss Jennie E. 
Kerr, of Nottawa, Mich., and to them has been born one son — Charles A. 

ABNER S. CASE, Deputy County Recorder, was born in Monroe Coun- 
ty, N. Y., January 13, 1822, one of twelve children born to Oliver and 
Electa (Webster) Case, who were natives respectively of New York and Con- 
necticut. Abner Case was raised on a farm in his native county until fourteen 
years old, when he moved with his parents to Monroe County, Mich. In Jan- 
uary, 1845, he married Anna Bunker, and for twelve years succeeding this, he 
engaged in a flouring-mill. In 1850, he came to Ontario, La Grange Co. Mr. 
Case, with five others, assisted in the organization of the Republican party in 
La Grange County, and by it was elected County Recorder, and served four 
years. He was then elected and re-elected County Clerk, serving eight years, 
with the exception of a short time when he resigned to fill the position of State 
Senator. He served in the regular sessions of 1869 and 1871, and a called 
session in April, 1869. In the spring of 1872, the Recorder of the county 
having died, he was appointed for the unexpired term, after which he took 
charge of the new flouring-mills in La Grange. His health foiling, he discon- 
tinued this occupation in 1879, since when he has been living retired and as- 
sisting his son in the Recorder's office. He and wife were parents of two chil- 
dren — Eugene V., and Frank E., who died in infancy. Eugene V. was mar- 
ried, November 17, 1867, to Alice M. Ruick, of La Grange, daughter of Daniel 
Ruick. To them have been born three children, Anna B., deceased, Mary E. 
and Carl S. E. V. Case was County Clerk by appointment the fall of 1868, 
and the spring of 1869. From the time he was fourteen years old to 1871, he 
acted as Deputy County Clerk. He was mail agent on the Lake Shore & 
Michigan Southern Railroad one and a half years, and in 1880 was elected 
County Recorder, and is the present incumbent. 

H. M. CASEBEER, M. D., was born in Holmes County, Ohio, April 9, 
1854. His father, David Casebeer, was of German descent, and a farmer by 
occupation. He married Rebecca Kenestrick, who has since died, and they 
were the parents of twelve children. H. M. Casebeer lived on a farm until 
fourteen years old, when he began teaching in the district schools. In this 
manner he paid his way, securing a good practical literary education. At the 
age of seventeen he began reading medicine under the instructions of his broth- 
er. Dr. J. B. Casebeer, of Auburn, and read four years. During the winter 
term of 1873-74, he attended his first course of lectures at Ann Arbor. 
The next spring he began practicing in Auburn, and continued until the winter 



272 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

of 1875-76, when he returned to Ann Arbor and graduated, with the 
■special diploma of Physical Diagnosis. He practiced in Leo, Allen Co., Ind.. 
until October, 1878, when he removed to La Grange and formed a partnership 
with Dr. E. G. White. Dr. Casebeer is a Republican, and a member of the 
M. E. Church. He was married June 5, 1876, to Lizzie Speechly, of Ann 
Arbor, who died November 10, 1880. 

JOHN H. CATON, blacksmith, was born in Frederick County, Md., 
December 16, .1839 ; one of ten children of James A. and Catharine 
(Ludwick) Caton. John H., in 1849, accompanied his parents to Preble 
County, Ohio, thence to Elkhart County, Ind., in 1850, where his parents died. 
At the age of seventeen, he began learning the blacksmith's trade. He enlisted 
in 1861, and was sent to Imlianapolis to join the Ninth Indiana Volunteer 
Infantry, but found the regiment made up. He soon after went to Mishawaka. 
and was in the employ of the Government as a mechanic. In December, 1861, 
he went to Missouri, and the following April came to La Grange. In the fall 
of 1864, Mr. Caton received a commission as Second Lieutenant, and recruited 
a company, reporting to the Provost Marshal at Kendallville, and mustered 
into service as Company G, One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana Volunteer 
Infantry. They were then sent to Camp Carrington. at Indianapolis, Mr. 
Caton, ad interim, having been commissioned Captain, and were here mustered 
in as Company F, One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana Volunteer Infantry. 
They were then sent to the front, and remained until the close of the war on 
active duty. Returning to La Grange, he resumed his trade. He was mar- 
ried October 3, 1869, to Miss Annette Kingsley, and they have had five 
children, three of whom are living —Claude H., John P. and Kittie B. Mr. 
and Mrs. Caton are members of the Episcopalian Church ; he is a Republican, 
has served several times at Town Marshal of La Grange, and belongs to the A., 
F. & A. M. ; also is a member of the Chapter and Commandery at Kendall- 
ville, and has held all the official positions of the Blue Lodge, excepting tiiat 
of Secretary. 

JOHN F. CLUGSTON, merchant, was born in Frankin County, Penn., 
August 24, HS29, son of John and Jane (Martin) Clugston, natives of Penn- 
sylvania, and parents of eight children, seven yet living. Mr. Clugston's 
father, while in Pennsylvania, was a manufacturer of wagons, and engaged in 
farming. After his removal to Ashland County, Ohio, in 1847, he was em- 
ployed in the manufacture of grain cradles. John F. was educated in Penn- 
sylvania, and in Ohio engaged in carpentering. March 21, 1854, he was 
married to Catharine Will, and the following August moved to this county, which 
he had visited in 1852. Mr. Clugston worked at his trade about five years, 
and was Postmaster for a time, his service terminating in 1860. He then 
formed a partnership with John Will in a general store. Ephraim Welch was 
a member of the firm one year, and. with that exception, the copartnership has 
continued uninterruptedly and harmoniously as Will ifc Clugston to the present, 
being one of the oldest business houses in La Grange. Mr. Clugston is a 
Democrat, and a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Mrs. Clugston died October 13, 
1880, aged forty-six years six months and fifteen days. She was a member 
of the Presbyterian Church, as is also Mr. Clugston. They were parents of 
three children — Charles F., Mary J. and John W. Mr. Clugston's parents 
removed to La Grange in 1867, where his father is yet living, his mother dying 
in 1875. February 21, 1882. Mr. Clugston was married at Lansing, Mich., to 
Mrs. E. J. Smith, of this county. 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 273 

S. D. CRANE, attorney at law, son of Arba and Sarah (Danford) Crane, 
natives respectively of Vermont and New York, was born in La Grange County. 
His father was a carder and cloth-dresser, and an early settler of La Grange, 
where he is now living in retirement. His mother was a Mrs. Scott when she 
came to this county, and after her husband's death, married Mr. Crane. She 
died many years ago, leaving six children, four by her first husband, and two, 
our subject and B. Frank, by Mr. Crane. S. D. received good school ad- 
vantages, graduating at Hillsdale, Mich., in 1874. For several years he was 
engaged in teaching, having served as Principal of the Lima School two years, 
of Wolcottville three years, of the Kendallville High School one year, and of 
the Middlebury High School of Elkhart County one year. He served over one 
year as School Examiner of La Grange County, and for six years has been 
County Superintendent of Schools. He founded the La Grange Register, 
March 26. 1876, and was connected with it one year. He began the study of 
law in 1874, and in 1875 was admitted to the bar, practicing law during that 
year. In September, 1881, he went to Ligonier, and, in company with H. D. 
Reynolds, engaged in the practice of law and insurance business. He is now 
in the practice of his profession in La Grange. Mr. Crane is a Mason, and 
was married in 1870 to Miss Emogene Nickols, daughter of William Nickols, 
of Lima, Ind. She died in March, 1877, leaving three children — Clair V., 
Charles D. and Robert G. Mr. Crane was again married, in 1878, to Miss 
Emma L. Benham, a native of Illinois ; she is a graduate of a Michigan Uni- 
versity, and is a practicmg physician of the homeopathic school. 

CAPT. H. CROCKER was born in Monroe County, N. Y., March 30, 
1825 ; a son of Joseph and Almira (Adams) Crocker. He is a grandson of 
Guerdon Crocker, who was a Captain in the war of Independence. Joseph 
Crocker was a Captain in the war of 1812, and is yet living at the advanced 
age of ninety-one on the farm he first settled in Huron County, Ohio, when 
our subject was about five years old. The representative of this sketch was there 
married to Marilda Shepard. They had two children — Ida and Ella. Having 
traded for land near this town, he immigrated hither in the spring of 1850, 
where his wife died two years later. He then began working at the carpenter 
and joiner's trade in town. The fall of 1862 he assisted in the organization 
of the Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He immediately after aided 
in the organization of Company C, One Hundredth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. 
On their way to the front they stopped at South Milford, where an ovation was 
extended to them by the citizens. At this place, Mr. Crocker was elected 
Captain, and they entered active service in the Department of the Mississippi. 
Capt. Crocker, by reason of ill-health, tendered his resignation, which was 
accepted in June, 1863, but, owing to the interruption of the mails, did not 
receive its acceptance until the following fall. On his return, the Captain 
entered mercantile business. He was married to his present wife, Clarinda 
Herainger, in 1855. He is a Republican and a member of the I. 0. 0. F. of 
La Grange. 

MAJ. J. L. DRAKE was born in Holmes County, Ohio, November 1. 
1817 ; the son of David and Rachel (Sills) Drake, who were natives respect- 
ively of Maryland and Virginia, and the parents of eight children. David 
Drake was twice married, by his first wife having two children. He came from 
Maryland to Holmes County, Ohio, in 1814, and died there in 1846. His wife 
died in the fell of 1878. James L. Drake, when seventeen years of a»e 
learned the tailor's trade. This he discontinued at the end of three years, on 



274 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

account of ill-health, and engaged in farming; also clerked for a time. In 
1849, he and twelve others, including three brothers, went to California over- 
land, being one hundred and five days on the trip. They remained fourteen 
months. For the first two months our subject mined with the rest, but soon 
established a trading place, and in three months cleared $8,000. Among other 
things he clerked in a wholesale store at Sacramento, receiving $500 and board per 
month. The winter of 1850 he started home via Panama, and on his arrival in 
New Orleans was taken down with the smallpox. After his recovery, he returned 
to his family, and purchased the old homestead in Holmes County, Ohio. Mr. 
Drake had been a Democrat, but after the repeal of the Missouri Compromise 
became a Republican. For this his neighbors made threats to lynch him. He 
assisted in raising the first three years' company in Ohio, Company H, Twen- 
ty-third Regiment, of which he was elected Captain. He also had two brothers 
and two sons in the war. One brother, Levi, Lieutenant Colonel of the Forty- 
ninth Ohio Infantry, was killed at Stone River. The other. Commodore, was 
a Captain in the One Hundred and Ninety-second Regiment. One son, Levi 
N., was taken prisoner and starved to death in Andersonville. The other, Fran- 
cis, was a non-commissioned officer in the Twenty-third Regiment, and is at 
present a hardware merchant of Rome City. Capt. J. L. Drake participated 
in all the engagements of his regiment until the battle of Antietam. Three of 
his regimental officers became distinguished in the history of the United States, 
viz. : Ex-President Hayes, Major ; Stanley Mathews, Lieutenant Colonel ; and 
William Rosecrans, Colonel. Capt. Drake was severely wounded by shell in 
the left arm and side, from the effects of which he was mustered out in October, 
1862, and brevetted Major. He was elected Colonel of a Home Guards regi- 
ment, and was appointed Provost Marshal of the Fourteenth Congressional 
District, in which capacity he served until the close of the war. He was mar- 
ried, August 7, 1839, to Susan Hayward, of Cattaraugus County, N. Y. They 
have had twelve children — Francis M., David, Sarah, Ellen, Emily, Mary, 
Cora, James S., Newton, Fremont, Sherman and Jack. Four are dead, viz.: 
David, Sarah, Newton and Sherman. The mother died April 23, 1877. Mr. 
Drake, in October, 1879, married Mrs. Harriet A. (Triplett) Filson. He came 
to La Grange in September, 1866, where he nas since been living retired. 

JAMES S. DRAKE, of Drake & Merritt, was born in Holmes County, 
Ohio, February 18, 1852, the son of Maj. J. L. Drake, whose biography 
appears in this volume. At the age of fourteen, he came with his parents to 
La Grange, and attended the schools of this place. In 1870, he entered Hills- 
dale College, but discontinued in time to take a two years' course in the law 
department of the University at Ann Arbor, graduating in 1874. Mr. Drake 
then entered the law office of J. D. F'errall, continuing as partner until 1877, 
when he opened an office alone. In 1879, he formed a partnership with his 
former classmate, Francis D. Merritt, as Messrs. Drake & Merritt. Since their 
connection with the bar of La Grange County, have had an increasing practice 
and now stand well up in their profession. In 1878, Mr. Drake was elected by 
the Republicans Prosecuting Attorney for the Thirty-fourth Judicial Circuit, 
and re-elected in 1880. .January 2, 1877, he was united in marriage with Miss 
Amanda Clugston, daughter of John Clugston, of this county. 

EDWARD S. EDMUNDS, teacher, was born in Danby, Rutland Co., 
Vt., September 27, 1843, a son of Obidah and Miriam (Thompson) Edmunds, 
and the oldest of three children. When ten years old, his mother died, and 
nine years after the remainder of the family moved to Western New York. 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 275 

The winter of 1862-63, he completed his education at Ripley Academy, 
and the next summer went to Oil Creek, Penn., where, on the 10th of Septem- 
ber, 1864, he enlisted as able seaman in the naval service of the Upper Missis- 
sippi Squadron, United States steamer "Victory" No. 33. He participated 
in a number of engagements and remained in the service until June 15, 1865, 
when he was discharged at Mound City, 111. He then returned to Cattaraugus 
County, N. Y., and engaged in farming. In 1866, he moved to Geauga County, 
Ohio, where, for two years, he engaged in cheese manufacturing, teaching 
writing school winters. The fall of 1868, he went to Michigan, where, for 
three years, he remained farming and teaching. From there he came to this 
place, which has since been his home, with the exception of two years, when he 
was teaching in Adams County. While at this latter place, Mr. Edmunds 
began the study of the sciences, making a specialty of geology. In his re- 
searches in La Grange and other counties, Mr. Edmunds has made some valua- 
ble discoveries. In August, 1880, he was admitted into membership with the 
'' American Association for the Advancement of Science." For two years he 
was Principal of the schools of Wolcottville. He is teaching at present in 
Allen, Hillsdale Co., Mich. He was married September 8, 1875, to Frank, 
only daughter of Elisha and Margaret Hicks. He is a Republican, and, in 
1880, was a candidate for County Superintendent. 

W. S. FAULKNER was born in Talbot County, Md., December 11, 
1836. He is a son of W. P. and Nancy (Pearson) Faulkner, who were natives 
of Maryland, and who moved to Springfield Township, this county, in 1837, 
where they engaged in farming, when all was woods with plenty of deer, wolves 
and other wild animals, while Indians were their nearest neighbors, and here 
resided until their respective deaths. Mr. Faulkner died in 1879, and Mrs. 
Faulkner in 1819. They were the parents of five children, all of whom are 
living. Our subject made farming his occupation until 1878, when he moved 
to La Grange, where he has since resided. In 1881, he sold his farm of 210 
acres, and the same year traded for town property. He is now owner and pro- 
prietor of what is know as the Bullock Foundry and Machine Shop. He was 
married in 1859, to Charlotte E. Sears, who was born May 23, 1837, in New 
York, and her parents were also old settlers of La Grange County. To this 
marriage have been born three children — Millard, William E. and Mary L. (de- 
ceased). Mr. Faulkner is a Republican, and he is an enterprising and influ- 
ential citizen. 

J. D. FERRALL, attorney at law, came to La Grange June 25, 1865, 
and entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1866, he was elected Pros- 
ecuting Attorney by the Republican party, performing the duties of that office 
until 1868. Since entering upon his professional duties here, Mr. Ferrall's 
business has gradually increased until now his services are sought from the 
neighboring counties, and the limits of the field in which he practices are scarce- 
ly circumscribed by the State lines. These facts attest his adaptability for his 
chosen profession, and the value placed upon his legal knowledge. 

R. L. GIBSON was born in Ashland County, Ohio, October 1, 1840; son 
of Jacob Gibson, a native of Maryland, and Mary (Gault) Gibson, whose birth- 
place was Washington County, Penn. They were parents of eight children — 
seven now living. The father was a fuller and cloth-dresser, and later a farmer. 
He is yet living in Ashland County, Ohio, but his wife died in August, 1874. 
R. L. Gibson was the youngest one of the family, and lived thirty-four years on 
the old place. He received a good education, and taught in the public schools 



276 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

ti) some extent. The spring of 1865, he came to La Grange County to visit 
relatives, and while here met Miss Catharine Herbert, eldest daughter of Ralph 
and Sarah (McKinley) Herbert, who, on the 1-ith of February, 1867, became 
his wife. They resided in Ashland County, Ohio, until the spring of 1874, 
when they removed to La Grange. Mr. Gibson owns sixty acres of good land 
in Clay Township, which he farms, and about ten acres where he now resides. 
He is a Republican; and he and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. 
They are the parents of one son — Martin Herbert Gibson. 

W. C. GLASGOW, attorney at law. was born in Auburn, N. Y., April 
2S, 1842, and is a son of William and Eliza Glasgow, who are yet living at 
Hillsdale, Mich. W. C. was raised on a farm near this place, attending the 
district schools of his vicinity, and afterward the school at Hillsdale, from which 
he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science. He began the study of 
law with Hon. W. J. Baxter, of Janesville, and, the fall of 1865, entered the law 
department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. The year of his 
graduation (1867), he came to La Grange and began the practice of his profes- 
sion. Mr. Glasgow is a close student, and commands a lucrative legal business. 
He held the office of Prosecuting Atiorney of La Grange County, from 1871 to 
1875, and; as Prosecutor, gave excellent satisfaction. He is a Republican, and 
is the present President of the School Board of Trustees. He was married in 
1870, to Miss Elora Wade, and both he and wife were members of the Presby- 
terian Church. Mrs. Glasgow died January H, 1882, while on her way to 
Florida for her health. 

ROBERT HANSLIP was born in Yorkshire, England. October 25, 1831; 
son of John and Ann (Jackson) Hanslip, parents of eleven children, seven now 
living. John Hanslip was a blacksmith. He emigrated to America in 1836, 
and came to Mentor. Ohio, where he purchased the farm now owned by Gen. 
Garfield's widow. Through a mortgage he knew nothing of, he lost this prop- 
ercy, and, in 1840, emigrated to Indiana, locating in Lima, afterward in Bloom- 
field Township. In' 1843, he removed to Clearspring Township, where he 
remained farming until his death in 1863. His widow is yet living, and resides 
in Iowa. Robert was reared principally in La Grange County, and, when a 
young man. engaged in the stock business. In October, 1863, he enlisted, and 
served until his discharge in September, 1865. He participated in a number 
of engagements ; came back, and engaged again in the stock business. He 
married Miss Susan Irwin in 1855, and, in 1858, moved to La Grange. From 
1865 to 1879, he was engaged chiefly in buying and selling horses. The win- 
ter of 1881, he established his present meat market. To his union with Miss 
Irwin, there were born six children — Davis M., Alice E.. John I. (deceased), 
Emma M., Robert E. and Ray L. The mother died October 4, 1880. Mr. H. 
is a Republican : he is a member of the Presbyterian Church, as was also his 
wife. 

HENRY M. HERBERT, Cashier of the First National Bank, is a son 
of Ralph P. Herbert, who was born in Fayette County, Penn., December 
11, 18i2, and when eight or nine years old moved with his parents to Rich- 
land County, Ohio, and from there emigrated to Lima Township, La Grange 
County, in 1835. R. P. Herbert married Miss Sarah McKinlay November 
25. 1841, they are the parents of four children — Catharine A. (now Mrs. R. 
L. Gibson), John E. (died in infancy), Henry M. and Sarah E. (now Mrs. R. 
Ellison). The mother was born June 11, 1819, in Livingston County, N. Y., 
a daughter of John and Sarah (Cameron) McKinlay. The Herbert family 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 277 

moved to Clay Township in 1854, and purchased the farm where they now 
reside, adjoining the town of La Grange. Mr. Herbert is one of the county's 
most substantial citizens. Henry M., the only living son, was born in Spring- 
field Township, February 15, 1842. He was reared on the home farm and 
received a good education. In 1870, he entered the literary department of 
Hillsdale College, Michigan, and in January, 1872, began a commercial course, 
graduating in about three months. Being a stock-holder iu the La Grange 
County Bank, he was elected cashier; after this bank was merged into the First 
National he was elected cashier of that institution, which position he now fills. 
Mr. Herbert is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Presbyterian 
Church. 

J. C. HEWITT, editor of the La Grange Recjister, was born in Cayuga 
County, N. Y., August 15, 1842, one of thirteen children, of George M. and 
Mary Ann (Farley) Hewitt. The father followed farming until his marriage, 
after which he engaged as railroad engineer. For the past twenty years he 
has been in the lumber trade, and both he and wife are yet living in Cohocton, 
N. Y. J. C. Hewitt resided with his parents until seventeen years old, after 
which he graduated from the RogersviUe Union Seminary, at South Dansville. 
May 24. 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Thirty-fifth Regiment New York 
Volunteer Infantry, as private, and was discharged June 5, 18(33. He partici- 
pated in the battles of Slaughter Mountain, Rappahannock Ford, Gainesville, 
second Bull Run, Chantilly, Grovetown, South Mountain, Antietam, and 
finished his army career at Fredricksburg. He was mustered out as Captain. 
Mr. Hewitt returned East, and for a time taught school, after which, for two 
winters, he was clerk of the Judiciary Committee of the New York Legisla- 
ture. He then read law and practiced his profession several years in Cohoc- 
ton. In 1871, he received an appointment as Inspector of Customs in the New 
York Custom House, filled that position two years, returned to Cohocton and 
established the Cohocton Tribune. The fall of 1871 he sold out, and May 20, 
1876, came to La Grange and purchased a half-interest in the La Grange 
Register, of S. D. Crane, and on the 1st of the October following, purchased 
the oth;;r half He was married. May 1, 1866, to Miss Margelia Rathbun, 
and they had born one daughter — Grace. 

SAMUEL G. HOFF, of the firm of Hoff& Embrey, was born January 
17, 1847, in Richland County, Ohio, a son of M. and H. (Mowers) Hoff. 
The fiither was a cooper, and in 1847 came to Indiana, and in October, 1848, 
moved his family to La Grange County, and located at Wright's Corner, where 
he engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1868, moved to Newbury Township, 
where he is yet living. His wife died in December, 1879. S. G. Hoff was 
only twenty months old when his parents came to La Grange County. He 
attended the Collegiate Institute at Ontario, and in the summer of 1868 
graduated from Eastman's Business College, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He then 
assisted his father on the farm and taught school until 1872, when he was 
elected and re-elected County Treasurer by the Republican party. He then 
purchased a farm of 80 acres near La Grange, on which he resided until the 
spring of 1881, when he, with H. F. Clark, established a meat market in La 
Grange. In September, 1881, Mr. Clark sold his interest to J. W. Embrey, 
the business continuing prosperous. Mr. Hoff was married in August, 187-4, 
to Ruth E. Shafll'er; to them three children were born — H. Clyde, Freeman 
G. and .James L. The oldest is dead. Mr. and Mrs. Hoff are members of the 
Lutheran Church. 



'278 BlUGllArillCAL SKETCHES: " 

C. B. HOLMES was born in Newark, Licking Co., Ohio, December 3, 1822, 
one of seven children, four now living, born to Jaines and Elizabeth (Wells) 
Holmes, who are both dead. The father was a merchant of Hebron, Ohio, in 
which he was assisted by Charles. In 1«42, tjie latter came to Lima, then the 
county seat of La Grange County, where for two years he was employed in the 
offices of the County Clerk and Recorder. In 1844, he made a trip home, re- 
turning with a slock of goods and establishing the first store at La Grange, then 
but little else than an unbroken forest, being also one of the first settlers of the 
town, the first Postmaster and Justice of the Peace. Mr. Holmes followed va- 
rious kinds of business here until the spring of 1880, when he sold out and is 
now living retired. For nineteen years he was engaged in the drug trade, and 
for nine years Justice of the Peace. He has cleared up three or four farms, 
and erected a number of dwelling and business houses in La Grange. For 
eight years he was President of the County Agricultural Society. He is a 
Democrat, and for the past thirty years has been a Mason. Ilis marriage with 
Miss Mary M. Rodman was solemnized in 1844, and to them were born .\lice 
and Flora B. The mother died in 1872, and Mr. Holmes married his present 
wife, Mrs. Hannah M. (Case) Ryason, in 1874. 

JOHN HOLSINGER, one of the old pioneers of Northern Indiana, now 
living in La Grange County, was born in Stark County, Ohio, January 9, 
1817. He is a son of William and Susann (Raum) Ilolsinger, who were of 
Gorman descent. John Holsinger was raised on his father's farm, and in 1841 
emigrated to this county, located on the farm now owned by Levi Eshelman 
in Johnson Township, and cleared the greater part of it and resided there eight 
years. June 3. 1841, he married Eliza Sherman, whose parents were old set- 
tlers of Johnson Township. This lady died July 27, 1847, leaving three chil- 
dren — William, Angeline and Albert. Mr. Ilolsinger married his second wife, 
Mary Ann Stroinan, December 25, 1847. To them were born Sylvester, 
John F., Francis F., .\drian, Dora and Ida, and two that died unnamed. The 
mother died Julj' 11. 1871. September 19, 1871, he married Mrs. Susan 
(Denman) Nichols, who has borne two sons — Harry, deceased, and Walter H. 
In 1848, he sold his farm, and moved to Iowa ; the same year, returned and 
purchased a fiirm in Orange Township. At the end of eight or nine years, he 
had cleare<l about 200 acres, and, selling this, moved to another farm further 
west in the same township, buying 715 acres. In March, 1877, he moved to 
La Grange, living retired. He owns 315 acres of good land in Orange Town- 
ship, seventeen acres in Elkhart County, and over five acres where he now 
lives. When his children were ready to start in life for themselves, he gave 
each $2,000, which was just $2,000 more than he had to begin with. 

R. S. HUBBARD is a native of the city of New York, his birth occur- 
ring July 14, 1827. Capt. R. S. Hubbard, his father, followed the sea for 
a livelihood. He married our subject's mother, Susanna Gates, and the latter 
part of his life removed to Philadelphia, Penn., where he afterward died. R. S. 
Hubbard, Jr., was raised in tiie City of New York, and in Orland, Steuben 
Co., Ind. At the a£;e of nineteen he befflin clerkin"; at Anjrola, but afterward 
removed to Hillsdale, Mich., where he remained about fifteen months. In Sep- 
tember, 1849, he came to La Grange, and was employed as deputy in the offi- 
ces of the county officials. In 1853, he formed a partnership with Adams 
Knott, and establisheil in trade at Lima. The'fiill of 1854, he and S. K. Ruick 
commenced business together in La Grange, which was carried on three years. 
In February, 1857, he married Susan M., daughter of Sidney and Eliza A. 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 279 

(Streator) Clark. This lady's father is now dead, but her mother is the pres- 
ent wife of Martin L. Punches. In 1857, Mr. Hubbard engaged in the drug 
trade at Ligonier, with Dr. Arnold, under the firm name of 0. Arnold & Co. 
Four years from the next summer, he was in mercantile pursuits in La Grunge, 
after which he went to New York City and connected himself with a mercantile 
firm until 1871, when he returned to La Grange; July 17, 1872, he establislied 
the La Grange County Bank, the first banking establishment in La Grange; 
May 10, 1873, he and Thomas J. Spaulding instituted the La Grange Bank, 
which continued until the fall of 1874, when, through the endeavors of Mr. 
Hubbard, a charter was obtained, and it was merged into the First National 
Bank. Mr. Hubbard is at present engaged in banking and mercantile pursuits 
in Michigan. He is a Republican in politics, and he and wife are members of 
the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which denomination Mr. Hubbard is a lo- 
cal preacher. They are the parents of two children, viz.: Richard Clark and 
George K. 

L. D. HUGHES, hardware merchant, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, on 
Independence Day, 1839 ; one of twelve children born to Esrom and Rosanna 
(Shreve) Hughes. The father was a pioneer of Holmes County, having come there 
as early as 1825. L. D. Hughes received a good practical education, and April 
17, 1861. enlisted in Company H, Twenty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and 
was discharged in June, 1864: witli the exception of six days, he was always ready 
for duty. He participated in all the engagements with his regiment, and was 
woumled slightly at Giles Court House in West Virginia. On his return from 
the army, he commenced farming. April 19, 1866, he was married to Miss 
Ellen Drake, daughter of his Captain in the war, Maj. J. L. Drake. From 
ill health he gave up farming, and came West in 1867, locating at this point. 
For two years he followed clerking, and in 1869 established a hardware store. 
He carries a general stock, and does an average annual business of $15,000. 
Mr. Hughes cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln, and still belongs to the 
Republican party. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church 

JOHN PAUL JONES, son of Phillip and Mary (Beam) Jones, was born 
in Westminster, Frederick (now Carroll) Co., Md., February 19, 182:!. His 
great-grandfather, Phillip Jones, surveyed and laid out the city of Baltimore 
in the year 1731. His grandfather, Thomas Jones, was among the first Judges 
of the Orphans' Court of Baltimore County, and his father was one of the 
defenders of the city during the war of 1812. John Paul Jones was raised 
and resided in Westminster until fourteen years of age, and received a portion 
of his education from the private schools. In 1836, he removed with his 
parents to Bangor, Me., where his father engaged in mercantile business, 
our subject assisting in the store and attending the public schools. His father 
died in 1838, and in the spring of 1840 he returned to Baltimore and engaged 
in clerking. In October, 1840, he came to Fort Wayne, Ind., and entered 
his brother's office, Dr. Phillip G. Jones, who was then Clerk of the Allen 
County Circuit Court. Shortly after this he united with the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church, and in 1842 was licensed to preach, and received into the Indi- 
ana Conference, then comprising the whole State, and appointed to the Steuben 
Circuit, with Rev. E. S. Blue preacher in charge. While pastor of the Meth- 
odist Episcopal Church of South Bend, Indiana, in 1848, he was taken ill, 
and retired from active ministerial duties. In 1849, he located in La Grange 
and engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1850, he was elected Representative 



280 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

to the State Legislature by the Whig party. By that party he was nominated 
Clerk of the La Grange Circuit Court in 1852, and was the only one on the 
Whig ticket elected. He was re-elected Clerk on the Republican ticket in 
1856, and in 1860 was elected Clerk of the Supreme Court of Indiana. He 
removed to Indianapolis and held that position four years, and in 1870 returned 
to La Grange. In 1872, he was elected County Recorder of La Grange 
County, and re-elected in 1876, his term of office expiring November 10, 
1880, making for Mr. Jones a total of twenty-one years in official life. lie is 
at present engaged in the practice of law in La Grange. He was married in 
1846 to Miss Aurelia Fobes, of Lima, Ind., and to them have been born six 
children, five of whom are yet living. 

J. H. LUTZ, of the firm of Miller & Lutz, was born near Fort Wayne, 
Ind., April 29, 1841 ; son of Abraham Lutz, who was born in Lancaster 
County, Penn., in 1807. Abraham Lutz removed to Washington County. Md.. 
in 1813, and at fifteen began learning blacksmithing. In 1835, he married 
Ann Maria Hunt ; in 1837, moved to Greene County, Ohio ; in 1839. to Allen 
County, Ind., where he worked at his trade and farmed. After clearing up 
a farm, he, in 1868, sold out and moved to La Grange, where he died Decem- 
ber 7, 1870. His widow is yet living in La Grange, and they were the parents 
of five children, all living. John H. Lutz is the third. He was reared in 
Pleasant Township, Allen County, until twenty years old, and in 1861 married 
Huldah Beck. He worked at wagon and carriajre making;, and in 1862 moved 
to Fort Wayne, where he took charge of the finishing department of an agri- 
cultural shop. His wife died in 1864, leaving him two children — Wesley and 
Henry, both deceased. In March, 1866, he married Ellen A. Varner, and in 
1868 moved to La Grange, where for two years he carried on wagon-making 
and blacksmithing. He then formed a partnership with J. R. Devoir, in the 
hardware trade, which continued four years, after which he sold agricultural 
implements for a time. In 1875, he entered into partnership with his present 
partner, J. A. Miller, in the furniture trade and undertaking. Mr. Lutz is 
one of our independent politicians, voting in all cases for the man instead of 
the party. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and Encampment of La Grange, 
the Masonic fraternity and the K. of H. His wife is a member of the 
Lutheran Church, and they are the parents of two children — Mary B. and 
Cary. 

ROBERT McCLASKEY is the next oldest in a family of seven children. 
At manhood he married Hannah Durnnell, and in 1844 immigrated to La 
Grange. La Grange at that time was pretty much all woods, and with only a 
few houses. He traded for a quarter-section of land in Bloorafied Township, 
near the village, built a cabin in town, and began clearing and farming his 
property. He was in very moderate circumstances, and the hard labor all 
devolved upon him. Of the 160 acres he now has, one hundred were cleared 
principally through his own exertions. His wife died in January, 1849, having 
borne our subject five daughters — Rachel, deceased ; Juliann, Margaret J., 
Sarah R. and Nancy A. December 25, 1849, he married his present wife, 
Mrs. Hannah (Humiston) Durand, who came to La Grange County in 1834. 
To this union has been born two sons — Miles R. and John E. By her first 
husband, Amasa Humiston, Mrs. McClaskey had nine children, viz. : Edgar 
R., Lucilla E., Juliett, Henry, James, Jason, George, Ira and Susan Janette. 
Only these two are now living — Ira, who is in California, and George, wlio 
resides in La Grange County. Mr. McClaskey is an enterprising citizen, and 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 281 

has always favored the advancement of all laudable public enterprises. Polit- 
ically, Mr. McClaskey was formerly a Whig, tinctured a little with Free-Soilisra. 
He is at present a stanch Republican, while his wife is a member of the M. E. 
Church. 

JAMES H. McKIBBEN was born in Richland County, Ohio, 
November 5, 1833, son of James and Sarah (Smith) McKibben, who were 
parents of eight children and early settlers of Richland County Ohio. The 
father was a farmer, and in 1849 emigrated to this county, and engaged in 
farming. In 1863, moved to Goshen, where he died, December 10, 1876. Mrs. 
McKibben is yet living at that place. James H. McKibben was raised a 
farmer, and was married March 13, 1856. to Eliza R. Sargent, daughter of 
Daniel and Maria (Young) Sargent, who came to La Grange County from 
Cayuga County, N. Y., in 1812, and were among the early settlers of Bloom- 
field Township. Mr. McKibben continued farming in Bloomfield Township 
until August 6, 1862, when he enlisted in Company G, Eighty-eigth Regiment 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He participated in the battles of Perryville, 
Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, through the Atlanta campaign, and 
was discharged at Indianapolis, July 5, 1865. Mr. McKibben returned and 
engaged in farming, at which he continued until 1876, when he rented his farm 
and retired. He is a Republican, and he and wife are members of the M. E. 
Church. They are the parents of two daughters — Clara and Bertha D. Mrs. 
McKibben was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., June 12, 1838. Mr. McKib- 
ben owns a farm of 120 acres in Bloomfield Township, on Section 32. 

FRANCIS D. MERRITT, attorney at law, was born October 17, 1849, 
in Cass County, Mich., the son of John S. Merritt, whose sketch appears in 
this work. He removed with his parents to Branch County, Mich., and from 
there to La Grange County, in 1860. He attended the schools of La Grange, 
Orland and Coldwater, and, in 1872, entered Hillsdale College. Tiie latter 
part of 1873, he read law under James Galloway, Esq., of Hillsdale, after which 
he took a thorough course in the Law Department of the University at Ann 
Arbor, graduating in 1874. Mr. Merritt then went to Kansas and began 
practicing his profession, but in March, 1875, returned, opened an office, and 
resumed the practice. In 1879, he formed a partnership with James S. Drake. 
Mr. Merritt is a Republican, and in 1878 was elected President of the Town 
Board of Trustees. He was married January 3, 1877, to Miss Margie R., 
(laughter of John and Mary (Will) Rice. 

JOHN S. MERRITT was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., May 6, 1823, 
and when two years old emigrated with his parents to Toledo, Ohio, where he 
was reared and educated. Samuel Merritt, deceased, father of John S., was a 
native of Orange County, N. Y., his parents being among the first settlers of 
that county. This gentleman was three times married, his first two wives 
being cousins of Gov. Clinton, of New York. They each bore him three 
children, our subject being the youngest by his last wife, Nancy W. Saturly. 
Samuel Merritt came to Toledo in 1825, where he died. In 1842, John S. 
Merritt went to Cass County, Mich., and engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 
1847, he married Miss Mary Bull, and in 1852 removed to Branch County, 
Mich. Mrs. Merritt died there in March, 1853, leaving one son, Francis D., 
whose biography accompanies this work. January 1, 1857, Mr. Merritt mar- 
ried his present wife, A. H. Spaulding, daughter of Judge T. J. Spaulding, 
and in 1860 moved to this county and purchased a farm in Greenfield Town- 
ship, where he continued farming until 1866, when he was elected County 



282 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Sheriff by the Republicans, and moved to La Grange. After his term of 
Sheriff had expired, he engaged in farming until 187-1, when he took part in 
the organization of the First National Bank, and by the stockholders was 
elected President. Since that time Mr. Merritt has been engaged in banking, 
and after serving three and a half years as President was elected Vice Presi- 
dent, a position he still holds. To his union with Miss Spaulding were born 
three children — Mary, Etta and John. 

JOHN A. MILLER, furniture dealer, is a descendant of one of the very 
first settlers in La Grange County. He was born in Greenfield Township, 
September 16, 1836, and is a son of John and Naoma (Barr) Miller. In 1829, 
the family of Amos Barr and John Miller, whose wife was a daughter of Amos 
Barr, emigrated from Marion County, Ohio, to White Pigeon, Mich., where 
they lived until the ne.xt season, and then came to English Prairie, in Green- 
field Township, this county, and laid claim to land there not then in market. 
In 1830, they moved to this place, and were among the county's earliest set- 
tlers. Mr. Miller died the spring of 1837. John A. Miller passed his youth- 
ful days on the old farm, doing the duties of a pioneer boy's life. In 1857, he 
came to La Grange and engaged in the grocery trade about five years. In 
1864, lie and a number of others were sent South by the Government to do mechan- 
ical work, and on this expedition he learned house joining. lie followed 
that trade until 1874, when he, together with William H. Jackson, purchased 
the furniture stock of John Rice, and engaged in a general furniture trade and 
undertaking. In about a year, Mr. Miller retired from the firm and engaged 
in the same business alone. In 1875, he formed a partnership with his present 
partner under the firm name of Miller & Lutz. They erected their present 
business block in the fall of 1878. Mr. Miller was married in 1862 to Ellen 
M. Kinney, whose parents were among the old settlers of Lima Township. 
To this marriage there were born four children, viz. : Flora, Emma, Frank and 
Libbie. Mr. Miller is a Republican and a member of the Knights of Honor. 

SOLOMON C. MILLER, was born in St. Joseph County, Ind., Febru- 
ary 22, 1840, and is a son of David and Louisa (Connor) Miller, natives 
respectively of Pennsylvania and Ireland. David Miller was one of the 
earliest pioneers of St. Joseph County, Ind., settling at South Bend when 
there were only two business houses in the place. He was a farmer and also a 
minister of the Dunkard denomination. He entered land in St. Joseph County 
and remained there until iiis death, which occurred at North Liberty, November 
28, 1876. Solomon C. Miller received a good education and passed his youth 
on the home farm. In 1861, he enrolled in Company F, Twenty-ninth Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry, and served until the fall of 1862, when he was mustered out 
at Nashville, Tenn. After his return he clerked in a grocery and dry goods 
store at South Bend for about two and a half years, since which time he has 
principally been eagaged in the restaurant business at Detroit and Allegan, 
Mich., and Elkhart and La Grange, Ind. Of the last-named place he has been 
a resident seven years. He was married. May 10, 1868, to Miss M. McCor- 
mick, who was born in Allegan, Mich., August 6, 1852. She is a daughter of 
John P. and Josephine McCormick, the former a native of Virginia and the 
latter of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have a family of four children, 
Maud E., Edna J., Claude D. and Oral L. Mr. Miller is an experienced 
hunter, and makes annual hunting excursions to Michigan and the West. 

S. D. MOON was born in the State of New York April 19, 1834 ; son 
of Salma and Caroline (Morton) Moon, who were parents of eight children. 



TOWN OF LAGRANGE. ' 283 

seven of whom are now living. The mother died in 1863, but the father is yet 
living and resides in Wayne County, Mich. S. D. Moon, when but an infant, 
came with his parents to Wayne County, Mich., where he continued to reside, 
farming until 1866, when he moved to Kent County, Mich. Subsequently, he 
moved to La Grange, and formed a partnership with his brother, Charles K., 
in the manufacture of wagons and carriages, and wagon and carriage wood 
stock. In 1H70, Samuel Parker was admitted into the partnership, which then 
became Moon, Bro. & Co. In 1874, Charles II. Moon retired from the firm 
which then became Moon & Co. In 1879, Mr. Parker withdrew, leaving Mr. 
Moon alone. Mr. Moon, does an average annual business of from $5,000 to 
$6,000. He is a Republican, and he and wife are members of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. He was married in 1855 to Sarah J. Dalrymple, an^l to 
them have boen born two children — Adolphus D. and Eddie C, both of whom 
are now dead. Mrs. Moon was born July 15, 1837, in Wayne County, Mich. 

JACOB NEWMAN was born in Richland County, Ohio, October 15, 
1832 ; son of Henry and Jane (Ward) Newman, natives of Pennsylvania and 
England, respectively, and parents of eight children, five only of whom are 
living. He is a grandson of Jacob and Catharine (Freymeyer) Newman, his 
grandfather being the first settler in Richland County, Ohio, and the founder 
of the city of Mansfield. Jacob Newman, when seventeen years old, moved 
with his parents to Williams County, Ohio. At the age of twenty-one, he 
returned to Mansfield, and for a year engaged in clerking. The firm by whom 
he was employed and John Will purchased a stock of goods, and in 1851 sent 
them to La Grange in charge of Mr. Newman, who remained with them a little 
over two years. From 1856 to 1858, he was in partnership with Maj. Bingham 
in a general store, which was built by them. In 1857, Mr. Newman married 
Isabel Menelaus, who died in 1860, leaving one son — John H. In October, 
1861, he enlisted in Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 
and was elected Second Lieutenant of his company. At the battle of Shiloh, 
April 6, while he was in the thickest of the fight, and during one of the most 
hotly contested engagements of the day, the color-bearer and supporter were 
shot down at the same time, ami two others who immediately raised the colors 
were also shot down and the flag riddled with balls. Lieut. Newman bore it 
aloft but soon fell, mortally wounded, as was then supposed, and has never fully 
recovered from his wounds. During the remainder of the war, he was Deputy 
Provost Marshal and had charge of the enlistment roll. The Republican party 
elected him County Treasurer in 1864, and re-elected him in 1866. In 1869, 
he went into business with S. K. Ruick, and in 1871 he engaged in the marble 
trade with L. C. Wood ; in 1873, formed a partnership with H. J. Piatt, which 
has continued successfully. The son by his first marriage died in 1862, and 
Mr. Newman married his present wife, Mary Menelaus, in 1863. To this 
union were born Mary, Jennie, Grace, Henry and Carl. Of these only Jennie 
and C:irl are now living. Mr. Newman had two brothers who served in the 
Thirty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, one of whom was killed. 

DR. J. P. NIMAN, one of La Grange's oldest physicians, was born De- 
cember 7, 1828, in Mansfield, Ohio, the son of Henry and Harriet (Greer) 
Niman, who were parents of eight children. His youthful days were passed at 
home on the farm of his parents, and his educational advantages consisted in 
self-instruction at night-time. At his majority, he went to Henry County, Iowa, 
on a business visit. While there, he met and, in September, 1849, married 
Laura Dennison, after which he returned to Ohio and continued the study ol 



284 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

medicine in Richland and Crawford Counties. In September, 1852, he emi- 
grated with his family to La Grange, where he began the practice of liis profes- 
sion. His wife died in 1857, leaving three children — Josephine, Laura and 
Charles H. In 1858, Dr. Niman married his second wife, Emily Oliver, and 
the same year removed to Missouri. In January, 1862, he entered the employ 
of the United States Government as physician and surgeon, but after about six 
months' service his wife died and he resigned. In 1862, he returned to La 
Grange and resumed his practice. To his marriage with his present wife, .Jane 
Plats, there have been born three children — Alton, Jonas and George T. Dr. 
Niman is at present in partnership with his son, Charles H., who graduated 
from the medical school at Bellevue, New York City, in 1879. Dr. Niman, 
Sr., is a Republican, and one of the prominent citizens whose portraits appear 
in this work. 

T. F. FERINE was born July 3, 1844. in Lawrenceburg, Ind., one of six 
children. His parents, P. R. and Mary E. (Tucker) Ferine, moved to Indian- 
apolis, when he was but a child, where they are yet living. T. F. Perine was 
reared and educated in Indianapolis. At the age of seventeen, having twice be- 
fore made the attempt, he ran away, and, August 9, 1862, enlisted in Company 
I, Sixty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He participated in the engagements 
of Rocky Face Ridge, Burnt Hickory, Resaca, Cartersville, Marietta and Ken- 
esaw Mountain, and in numerous skirmishes. He was shot by a rebel sharp- 
shooter, from the effects of which he lost all the muscles of his left hip and is 
still a sufferer from the wound. Shortly after his enlistment, he was appointed 
special detective at Gen. Carrington's headquarters, at Indianapolis, and for 
eighteen months was engaged in arresting rebel abettors and in breaking up 
meetings of the Knights of the Golden Circle. He had command of the troops 
at Indianapolis, and traveled over the State in the discharge of his duty. Foi 
three years each he resided in Chicago and Cincinnati in the real estate busi- 
ness. In 1874, he came to La Grange, soon afterward entering the County 
Recorder's ofBce as Deputy ; after which, he commenced the insurance business 
and the prosecution of pension claims. He was married in September, 1868, 
to Miss Mary E. Jones, daughter of John Paul Jones. To their marriage have 
been born three children — Ida May, Perrie R. and Ethel. 

JOHN M. PRESTON was born in Lordstown, Trumbull County, Ohio, 
December 29, 1886, the son of James and Mary (Matthews) Preston, who were 
of Scotch and Irish descent respectively and the parents of eight children. 
The mother died when he was fifteen years old, and his father remarrying, they 
came to Bloomfield Township, this county, in 1854, where the father is yet living. 
On the 28th of July, 1862, John M. enlisted in Company G, Eighty-eighth 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was shortly after appointed Sergeant Major; 
February 18, 1863, was commissioned Second Lieutenant. For efficient serv- 
ices, he was promoted Captain of his company on the 1st of September, 1864. 
Capt. Preston participated actively in the engagements of Perryville, Stone 
River, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge and through the 
Atlanta campaign of 1864. He was mustered out in June, 1865, and returned 
to La Grange, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits. March 27, 1860, he 
married Maria Sargent, and in 1868 removed to Missouri, but in 1873 returned 
to La Grange and engaged in the insurance business. Mr. Preston is a Repub- 
lican, and by that party was elected Clerk of the town of La Grange in 1878 
and re-elected in 1879. The fall of 1880, he was elected Treasurer of La 
Grange County, in which capacity he is now serving. He and wife are parents 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 285 

of four children — Anna Bell, Grace M. (deceased), Maud B. and Daisy B. 
Mrs. Preston is a daughter of Daniel and Maria (Young) Sargent, who were 
old settlers of La Grange County, and is a member of the M. E. Church. 

MA J. JOHN H. RE RICK, editor and proprietor of the La Grange 
Standard, was born. February 4, 1830, in Tippecanoe County, this State, the 
son of Henry and Elizabeth (Lamb) Rerick, natives respectively of New York 
and Indiana, the mother of English and the father of German descent. The 
latter died in 1876, in the seventy-second year of his age. John H., at the 
age of fifteen, began teaching school during winters. In 1851, he entered the 
Medical Department of the Michigan University at Ann Arbor, and graduated 
March 1, 1853. He then commenced the practice of his profession at Sump- 
tion Prairie. St. Joseph County, Ind., to which place his father's family had 
previously removed. December 2, 1853, he married Miss Elizabeth Green, of 
Sumption Prairie. The following spring he moved to Fort Wayne, where he 
was efficiently active during the cholera plague of the following season. Jan- 
uary 20, 1855, his wife died, leaving an infant son, Louis, born January 6. 
The following spring he removed to South Bend, where the child died July 27. 
In the fall he went to Elkhart and was married, May 1, 1856, to Miss Maria- 
nette Devor. In 1859, he removed to La Grange. Here, at the commencement 
of the war of the rebellion, the doctor became active in the enlistment of soldiers, 
writing the first enrollment paper, which he now has in his possession, with the 
signatures of those enlisting. In August, 1861, he enlisted in the Thirtieth In- 
diana Infantry, but was soon commissioned as Assistant Surgeon of the Forty- 
fourth Regiment. This command took the field in Kentucky, where the Doctor 
was left in charge of the sick at Calhonn, but joined his command the 1st 
of March, 1862, near Fort Henry, participating in the two days' battle of Pitts- 
bui-g Landing, notwithstanding he was wounded the first" day. He accompa- 
nied his regiment to Corinth, Booneville and to luka. Miss., where he was taken 
sick and sent home for a month. Joining his command, he participated in its 
movements and took part in the battle of Stone River. In February, 1863, he 
was again sent home hopelessly ill, but recovered sufficiently to enable him to 
return the 1st of April. In October, 1863, he was commissioned Surgeon of 
his regiment, which took part in the sanguinary battle of Chickamauga. Here 
the Doctor displayed energy and judicious management in removing the wounded 
from the field-hospital and saving them from capture by the enemy. He served 
at Chattanooga until the close of the wdr and was mustered out in September, 
1865. The Doctor's war record is a bright page in his history. Entering as a 
private, promoted to Assistant Surgeon, then Surgeon, and serving four vears 
with the command with which he entered the field, complimented by his com- 
manding officers, form a brilliant career. Returning to La Grange, he resumed 
the practice of medicine with Dr. E. G. White. In 1867, he purchased the 
Standard and entered upon his editorial duties. His politics are thoroughly 
Republican, and by that party was elected, in 1868, Clerk of the Circuit Court 
and re-elected, serving eight years. He was one of the founders and is now 
President of the Island Park Assembly Association, which has its grounds at 
Rome City. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and he and his wife are mem- 
bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They have three sons — Rowland H., 
born February 5, 1857; John D., July 1, 1860; and Carl, July 4, 1868. 

EDWARD ROYER was born in Stark County, Ohio, September 3, 
1836, a son of Jacob and Mary (Michael) Royer, now dead. Edward Royer 
was reared a farmer, receiving a common-school education. When nineteen 



286 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

years old, he began learning the harness maker's trade at Uniontown. In 1859, 
he came to Indiana; in 1860, he entered tlie employ of the Government as 
manufacturer, at Pittsburgh. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, One 
Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; was discharged July 7, 
1865, at Cleveland. August 24, 1865, he was married to Miss Lucy Sum- 
mers, daughter of John and Martha (Loe) Summers, of Covington, Ky. Mr. 
Royer at once moved to La Grange, where for two years he worked a journey- 
man at his trade, and in the winter of 1867 established himself in business. 
He and wife united with the M. E. Church in 1865, and in that year Mr. 
Royer assisted in the organization of the I. 0. G. T. He is also a member of 
the I. 0. 0. F. of La Grange. He and wife are parents of three children — 
Edward H., born November 30. 1870, died February 23, 1881 ; Frank L., 
born September 8. 1874, and Mattie B., born September 10, 1878, and died 
■September 12, 1879. The mother was born near Covington, Ky., May 5, 
.1841. 

S. K. RUICK is a native of Guernsey County, Ohio, where he was born 
August 20, 1830, the son of Daniel and Mary Ruick. S. K. Ruick was 
reared in Hebron, Ohio, until nineteen years of age, and in 1849, he visited 
relatives at Lima; then returned to Ohio, settled up his affairs and came again 
to Lima and engaged in the stock business. Through the summer of 1853, he 
was in the employ of Knott & Hubbard, in a general store ; he then took 
charge, for a year, of a store in La Grange for Mr. Knott ; was then in part- 
nership with R. S. Hubbard three years. In 1 857, this firm, with Bingham & 
Newman, erected the block now owned by John Will, on the corner south- 
east of the public square. After the dissolution of the firm of Hubbard k 
Ruick, in 1857, Mr. Ruick opened a dry goods store, but shortly afterward 
sold out. The spring of 1859, he erected another store building, and again 
engaged in the dry goods trade. In 1861, he sold his entire business interests 
in La Grange to Jewett, Morrison & Hill, and went to New York City, where 
for two and a half years he was employed selling goods. In 1864, he and fam- 
ily moved to Toledo, Ohio, where Mr. Ruick became a partner in a wholesale 
grocery house. He continued there until 1865, when he removed back to La 
Grange and engaged in farming. The fall of 1869, he and Jacob Newman 
engaged in the dry goods trade, but Mr. Newman's health failing shortly after- 
ward he withdrew. In 1870, Mr. Ruick erected the warehouse near the depot, 
and went into the produce and commission business. In 1873, he and William 
Hudson formed a partnership in the lumber trade, and the same year erected 
the La Grange Flouring Mills. In January, 1875, the partnership was dis- 
solved, Mr. Ruick continuing the lumber business for about two years, when he 
formed a partnership with his son. In 1877, they erected the planing-mill, 
which they operated until 1879, when the firm was dissolved. Since that time 
Mr. Ruick has been operating in real estate. He was married in January, 
1852, to Lucy A. Kinney, and they are the parents of three living children — 
Frank D., Flora M. and'Etta E. 

J. M. SHACKLETON was born August 6, 1852, in St. Catharines, 
'Ont., of Francis and Fanny (Johnson) Shackleton, who were parents of nine 
-children. Francis Shackleton was born in Wales, and there reared to manhood. 
When twenty-one years old, he emigrated to Canada, where he engaged in the 
milling business, and married our subject's mother. In 1867, he came to 
Ypsilanti, Mich., and still continued milling until May 7, 1880, when he was 
'killed by an accident in his mill. His wife died in 1869, and he afterward 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 287 

married Harriet Lester. J. M. Shackleton began milling for himself at th& 
age of eighteen, in Northville, Mich. In December, 1872, he returned to St. 
Catharines and entered the grocery trade, but owing to the financial panic, 
failed. He then went to Eastern Michigan and recommenced his trade. In 
1878, he came to La Grange, and was employed in the mill he now owns for 
about six months, after which he went to Independence, Mo. ; but at the end of 
eight months returned, and for a period of about eighteen month's had charge of the 
Korae City Flouring Mills. In 1881, he formed a partnership in La Grange, 
under the firm name of Shackleton & Beach, and the fall of that year purchased 
the La Grange Mills. Mr. Shackleton was married in 1875 to Mary More- 
house, and they are the parents of one daughter — Lela M. Mr. Shackleton is 
a member of the Baptist Church, and a Republican. Mrs. Shackleton is a mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church. 

SAMUEL SHEPARDSON, County Auditor, is a son of Otis and Susanii 
(Gibbs) Shepardson, who were natives of the " Green Mountain State," and 
the parents of seven children. About the year 1835, they emigrated to this 
county, locating in Springfield Township, then an almost unbroken wilderness, 
thus becoming early pioneers. Here the father died in 1844, and the mother 
in 1880. Samuel Shepardson was born in Springfield Township March. 
19, 1839, and received a good education. September 24, 1861, he 
enlisted in Company G, Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as private, 
and was discharged as Sergeant, September 29, 1864. He participated in the 
battles of Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga, and in the Atlanta cam- 
paign. He was taken prisoner at Stone River December 31, 1862, and re- 
mained in rebel hands at Knoxville and Libby three months, after which he 
was paroled and exchanged. He returned home, and January 1, 1868, he- 
and Miss Martha J. Huss were married. She is a daughter of Elijah and 
Phebe (Hutchins) Huss, and was born June 5, 1849. They have had two 
children — Kit C. and Ella P. In 1868, Mr. Shepardson began working at the 
carpenter's trade, and in that year was elected County Treasurer as a Repub- 
lican. In 1870, he was re-elected, serving four years. In 1874, he was elected 
County Auditor, and having been re-elected, is now serving his second term of 
four years. Mr. Shepardson's career in private life, and as a soldier and a 
county official, stamps him as a representative citizen, and the appreciation of 
his sterling worth by the people of the county is shown in their continuing him 
in official position. 

DRS. W. H. and J. L. SHORT, physicians and surgeons, sons of 
Thomas Short, of Eden Township. The father was born in Pennsylvania 
April 8, 1820. His parents, James and Frances (Gilbert) Short, were natives 
of Ireland, and when but a boy he came with them to Ohio, where his father 
died. In 1841, he came west on foot, and purchased eighty acres of land ini 
Eden Township, and upon which he effected a permanent settlement the same 
year; and January 13, 1842, married Margaret Larimer, who died September 
28, 1877, the mother of eleven children, nine of whom are yet living. Mr. 
Short married his present wife, Mrs. Mary Murray, in 1880. He is a Demo- 
crat, and a member of the Presbyterian Church. Dr. William H. Short was 
reared a farmer. He attended the Collegiate Institute at Ontario two years, 
and was one year at Adrian, Mich. He read medicine under Dr. Bartlett 
Larimer — his mother's brother — and attended his first course of lectures at Ann 
Arbor the winter of 1866-67. He graduated the term of 1868-69, after 
which he came to La Grange, where he has since practiced his profession. 



288 • BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; 

Dr. John L. Short, a native of Eden Township, finished his literary educa- 
tion at Ontario. He began the study of medicine, in 1867, under Dr. Larimer. 
The season of 1868-69, he took a course of lectures at Ann Arbor, and graduated 
from that college the winter of 1872-73. The next year he studied with his 
brother, and the winter of 1874 attended a course of lectures at the Miami 
Medical College and Hospital in Cincinnati. While in Ann Arbor, he received 
a special diploma on Physical Diagnosis. He and brother are well schooled in 
their profession, and command a lucrative practice. 

ALBERT F. SKEER, mechanic, was born in Butler County, Penn., March 
29, 1834, son of Eli and Mary A. (Dugan) Skeer (see biography of Thomas J. 
Skeer). Albert F., in 1850, removed to Hebron, Licking Co., Ohio, learned 
the cabinet-maker's trade with his brother Thomas J., and in 1852 purchased 
his brother's interest in the business, after which he continued it alone for six 
years. In 1858, he came to La Grange, where he has worked at carpentering. 
Mr. Skeer is a skilled workman, and has erected some of the finest buildings in 
this and adjoining counties. For two years he was engaged on the new court 
house in La Grange, during which time he lost only seven working days. He 
has been for many years a member of Meridian Sun Lodge, No. 76, A., F. k 
A. M.., of which he has been W. M., and at present is its Treasurer. He 
served in both the .J. W. and S. W. stations, and has also represented his lodge 
at the Grand Lodge. Mr. Skeer was married December 25, 1855, to Hannah 0. 
Brown, a native of Licking County, Ohio, one of six children born to Peter and 
Hannah (Flinn) Brown, both natives of Virginia. Mr. Skeer and wife are 
parents of seven living children — William H., Thomas K., Adolphus G., 
George P., Albert F., Carrie B. and Harry. Mr. Skeer is a Democrat. 

THOMAS J. SKEER was born in" the "Keystone State," March 28, 
1818, one of nine children born to Eli and Mary A. (Dugan) Skeer, seven of 
whom are living. Thomas J. Skeer received but an average education in youth, 
and early in life learned the carpenter's trade, which was also his father's. In 
1840, he went to Hebron, Licking County, Ohio, where he engaged in carpen- 
tering, cabinet-making and undertaking. In December, 1846, he was married to 
Sarah Taggart, who was born in New Jersey April 10, 1819. In May, 1856, 
Mr. Skeer removed to La Grange. He has been employed over La Grange 
and neighborinsc counties in the erection of some of the finest buildings. For 
a number of years, he has been employed in Chicago during the summer months, 
and during the war was employed at his trade in the South by the Government. 
He and wife have had born to them six children — Frances, John, Thomas, 
Belle, .James and Florence. Mr. Skeer is one of the reading citizens of La 
Grange, and is enterprising and thoroughgoing. 

WILLIAM S. SMITH, dentist, is a native of Licking County, Ohio, 
where he was born September 10, 1850. He is the son of Harrison and 
Margaret Smith, the former of whom was born in Wheeling, W. Va., 
October 16, 1816, and the latter in Licking County, Ohio, May 8, 1825. The 
subject came with his parents to La Grange. Ind., in the fall of 1858, where he 
has since remained, with the exception of eighteen months, during which time 
he was engaged in practicing dentistry at White Pigeon, Mich., returning to 
La Grange on the 1st of January. 1819. Mr. Smith first began the pursuit 
of his present vocation in the fall of 1875, and, although, quite a young man, 
by careful attention to business, he has built up a large and lucrative practice. 
He is the only resident dentist of La Grange, and his oflice is located on the 
corner of Detroit and Spring streets. 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 289 

J. FRANK SNYDER, editor La Grange Democrat, is a native of Richland 
County, Ohio, and was born December 14, 1851. He is a son of David and Leigh 
(Browneller) Snyder, who were what is known as Pennsylvania Dutch, but of 
German descent. The father died in 1872, but the mother is yet living, and 
resides in Kosciusko County, Ind. They were parents of nine children. J. F. 
Snyder came witli his parents to Kosciusko County in 1852, and was there 
raised on a farm to manhood. He attended the district schcfols of his neigh- 
borhood and finished his literary education in the high school at Pierceton. 
From the time he was sixteen years old, he taught school winters, and worked 
on the farm summers, until 1873, when he entered the employ of the Pittsburgh, 
Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad in the capacities of station agent and telegraph 
operator. In 1876, he connected himself with the Columbia City Post as local 
editor and general assistant. After, nine months, he severed his connection 
with that periodical, and in April, 1877, established the Princeton Free Press. 
In September, 1878, he started the Adams County/ Union, at Decatur, and in No- 
vember, 1879, he moved to La Grange and established the La Grange Demo- 
crat. [SeeHistory of the Press of La Grange County.] Mr. Snyder was married 
in September, 1877, to Gertrude Hoover, and he and wife are members of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Snyder is a Democrat, and a member of the 
I. 0. 0. F. of La Grange. 

EDWARD B. SPEED, M. D. (deceased), was a son of Henry Speed, and 
was born at Troy, N. Y., September 7, 1825. He learned the carpenter's trade 
when a young man, and afterward taught school to pay his way through medi- 
cal college at Geneva, N. Y., from which he graduated, and then practiced in 
his native State eighteen months. The fall of 1856, he was united in marriage 
with Esther M. Cornell, and the next spring came to this town, where he soon 
obtained a large and lucrative practice. Dr. Speed, in 1864, was commissioned 
Assistant Surgeon of the Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Soon after 
his arrival at the front, he was taken ill with a complication of disorders, wliich 
resulted in his death. He was an honored and respected citizen, a member of 
the M. E. Church and the I. 0. 0. F., and a Republican in politics. Mrs. 
Speed, the widow, was born January 3, 1832, and to her marriage with Dr. 
Speed were born two children — Alice I. and Emma E. Under Gen. Grant's 
administration in 1869, Mrs. Speed was appointed Postmistress of La Grange, 
a position which she has since retained with satisfaction, assisted by her brother, 
C. G. Cornell, as Deputy. 

NELSON STACY, ex-Sheriff. Wareham Stacy was a native of Vermont, 
and a widower with six children at the time of his marriage with Mrs. Sabra 
Bennett, a widow, also with six children; she was a native of the State of New 
York, and to them was born one son, the subject of this sketch. The father 
was a farmer, and died November 14, 1850, followed by his widow August 28, 
1865. Nelson Stacy was born November 29, 1829, in Clark County, Ohio. 
He was raised a farmer. In 1850, he came to this county, where two half-broth- 
ers were living, and April 15, 1852, married Laura R. Anderson, daughter of 
John and Mary (Gage) Anderson, who were among the early settlers of Steuben 
County. Mr. Stacy then farmed in Lima Township, where he first settled, un- 
til 1876, when he was elected County Sheriff as a Republican, and re-elected in 
1878. Since the expiration of his second term, Mr. Stacy has been living retired 
in La Grange. They have eight children — Mary. John, Mahlon, Ann A., Sa- 
bra, Frank, Elias and Clara ; all living except Ann Adell, who died when an 
infant. Mrs. Stacy was born February 1, 1835, in Chautauqua County, N. Y. 



290 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

EDWIN TEMPLE, County Sheriff, was born in Orleans County, N. Y., 
December 23, 1840, the son of Luther and Sarah (De Forrest) Temple, natives 
of New York State, and the parents of four children, two of whom are living. 
In 1847, the family emigrated to Milford Township, where they had friends. 
Here Luther Temple began farming, but, in 1848. died of lung fever, followed 
by his widow in 1854. He was a jovial man, and commanded the respect of 
his acquaintances.' Edwin, after the death of his mother, began life for himself. 
July 24, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Twenty-first Indiana Volunteer In- 
fantry, and was discharged at Baton Rouge January 10, 1866. After his en- 
listment, he was transferred to the First Indiana Heavy Artillery', serving in 
the Department of the Gulf, and was in the engagements of Baton Rouge, Port 
Hudson, New Orleans, and with Gen. Butler in his movement up the Red 
River. After the war. he returned home and engaged in farming. In the fall 
of 1880, he was elected Sheriff by the Republican party, which position he now 
fills. He was married February 1, 1873, to Miss Mary Ream, daughter of 
Phillip and Elizabeth (Hoofer) Ream, who was born in Seneca County, Ohio, 
October 17, 1847. They are the parents of one son — Phillip. 

J. C. TIDRICK, grocery merchant, was born in Bloomfield Township 
February 15, 1841, and is a son of Jacob and Sarah (Rathburn) Tidrick, who 
were among the old settlers of Bloomfield. [For further particulars regarding 
his father, Jacob Tidrick, see the biographical department of Bloomfield Town- 
ship.] J. C. Tidrick was reared on his father's farm until twenty-two years of 
age, and received a good common-school education. In 1864, he began his 
business career in La Grange, at the grocery trade. The winter of 1864, he 
sold out to King & Rice, and January 1, 1866, he again embarked in the same 
business in La Grange, under the firm name of Tidrick k Selby. Owing to 
the death of Mr. Selby, Mr. Tidrick sold the entire stock to W. T. Parry the 
spring of 1868, and the following August went to Kansas. In 1872, he came 
back, and again embarked in the grocery trade, at which he has since con- 
tinued. Mr. Tidrick has been successful as a business man, and is enterprising 
as a citizen. He is a Republican, is married and has a family. 

F. M. VEDDER, groceryman, was born in Elkhart County in March, 
1843, son of Adam and Sarah Vedder, wlio were parents of four children. 
His mother died when he was about eighteen months old, and shortly after- 
ward his father married again, and moved to Wisconsin, where he died during 
the war. After the death of his mother. F. M. Vedder was bound out to John 
Thompson, now of Eden Township, until he was eighteen years old. He was 
enrolled a member of Company C, Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 
August 27, 1861, and discharged December 12, 1863. He participated in the 
engagements of Perryville, Pittsburg Landing, and all the engagements of his 
regiment until the 31st of December, 1862, when the battle of Stone River 
commenced. On this day he was wounded four times severely, and left within 
the rebel lines, without food or shelter, until January 2, 1863. when the enemy 
was driven from the field. Mr. Vedder was then sent to the hospital at Nash- 
ville, when, being unfit for further service, he was discharged. He lived with 
Mr. Thompson, in Eden Township, for upward of two years, during which 
time he attended the district schools and the Collegiate Institute at Ontario. 
The spring of 1866 he moved to La Grange and engaged in different kinds of 
employment. For two years was Deputy Revenue Assessor, and the last year of 
this time was Deputy Revenue Collector. He was also Deputy County Treasurer 
under Treasurers Newman and Shepardson. He was married, November 10, 



TOWN OF LA GRANGE. 291 

1869, to Miss Mary E. Wade, and to them have been born three children — 
Charles B., Frank J., deceased, and John N. In' 1874, Mr. Vedder and 
Joseph B. Wade engaged together in the grocery trade, but in June, 1875, 
Mr. Vedder sold out his interest, and July 27, 1875, embarked in the same 
business alone. He is a Republican. His brother, George W., was in the 
same company and regiment with Mr. Vedder. 

JOSEPH B. WADE, attorney at law, was born in Harrison County, Va., 
April 11, 1826, the youngest of two children born to Samuel and Mary (Bizzard) 
Wade, his mother dying when he was only nine months old. His father afterward 
married Margaret Michael, and finally died in Marion County, Ohio. The fall of 
1829, Mrs. Wade and her two step-children came with Benjamin Jones to what 
is now Greenfield Township, among the first settlers. They located at what is 
now the village of Lexington, where our subject received such education as the 
county schools afforded. He began the study of law in 1846, and at the same 
time assisted on the farm. In 1852, he engaged- in mercantile pursuits in La 
Grange, continuing three and a half years. He was then employed by the 
Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad Company for one year, as Director and 
Stock Solicitor. In November, 1857, he was admitted to the bar. He is a 
member of the A., F. & A. M., and has been W. M. of the Meridian Sun 
Lodge, No. 76, four years. Mr. Wade is also a member of La Grange Chap- 
ter, No. 36, R. A. M. He was married April 7, 1846, to Louisa J. Warner, 
daughter of Eliphalet and Edith (Gray) Warner, and a native of Ashtabula 
County, Ohio. To them have been born eight children ; four are yet living — 
Cyrus U., Mary M., Charlie C. and Carrie E. The first-named read law under 
•his fiither, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in La Grange. He was 
elected and served two terms in the Thirty-fourth Judicial Circuit as Prosecut- 
ing Attorney. He married Miss Mary Will, and in the spring of 1880 en- 
tered the Methodist Episcopal ministry, and is now located at Roann, Ind. 
Charlie C. married Miss Maggie Will, purchased his brother's interest in 
law. and is now practicing with his father under the firm name of Wade & 
Wade. 

HON. E. W. WEIR was born March 12, 1813, in Washington County, 
N. Y., of Samuel and Sarah (Woods) Weir, who were natives of that State. 
Samuel Weir was a soldier of the war of 1812, and his wife's father was a 
Revolutionary soldier. In 1836, E. W. Weir immigrated to La Grange County. 
The fall of 1836, he settled on part of Section 24, in Bloomfield Township. 
Mr. Weir disposed of this property in 1837 to his mother, but it is now in 
possession of Norman Weir. Mr. Weir then moved to Milford Township, 
where he farmed until his removal to La Grange. In 1852, he was elected 
County Treasurer by the Democrats, and served four years ; chen engaged in 
farming. On the repeal of the Missouri Compromise Bill, Mr. Weir became 
a Republican, and was elected to the State Senate, serving in the sessions of 
1878 and 1879. He was identified with the organization of the First National 
Bank of Lima in 1865. He has been three times married, first to Miss Amy 
A. Hern, daughter of William Hern. This lady died in 1847. leaving three 
children, two of whom are now living — John and Emily. In 1849, he married 
his second wife, Mrs. Savilla Rice, daughter of A. E. Durand, and widow of 
Dewitt Rice. This lady died in 1855, leaving one daughter, Sarah, who is 
yet living. Mr. Weir's present wife was Mrs. Abigail W. Cowley, widow of 
E. D. Cowley, and daughter of Elisha White. This lady had a family by her 
first husband, and is in every respect a helpmeet for Mr. Weir. 



292 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

E. G. WHITE, M. D., was born in Wayne County, N. Y., March 22, 
1830 ; a son of Ira and Jane G. (Rennie) White, natives of Vermont and the 
city of New York respectively. Soon after the birth of our subject, his mother 
died, and at the age of twelve his father died. He had come to Maumee City, 
Ohio, with his father in 1836, where he lived until thirteen years old, when he 
returned to the State of New York. In 1815, he returned to Maumee City, 
where he became a printer. In 1817, he went to Columbus, and for nearly 
four years worked in the offices of the State Journal and Ohio Statesman. Tiie 
summer of 1850, he visited his native State, and that winter began the study of 
medicine. He attended the Starling Medical College in Columbus, and received 
instructions from such men as Profs. Childs, Howard, Moore, Judkins, et al. 
After his graduation in February, 1851, he practiced for a time in Licking 
County, Ohio. In July, 1857, he came to this town. Immediately after the 
battle of Stone River, in 18(33, Dr. White received a telegram from Gov. Mor- 
ton to gather as many surgeons as possible and report for special duty at Nash- 
ville and Murfreesboro. After attending; to this, he contracted as Acting; Assist- 
ant Surgeon, and remained until the close of the war. For the past thirteen 
years, he has been Examining Surgeon of applicants for pensions, and is also 
the present examiner of the K. of H., and a number of insurance companies. 
Dr. White and Agnes R. Murch, of Licking County, Ohio, were married in Oc- 
tober, 1856, and are the parents of two living children — Ira and George M. Dr. 
White is one of the Trustees of Bloorafield Township. He and wife are mem- 
bers of the Presbyterian Church. 

JAMES H. WIGTON is the son of William Wigton, deceased, who was 
born in Tompkins County, N. Y., November 18, 1817, son of William and 
Elizabeth (Mushback) Wigton, of Scotch descent. William Wigton, Sr., was 
a Major in the regular army and the war of 1812. William Wigton, Jr., in 
about 1839, married Emily Holmes, daughter of Capt. James and Elizabeth 
(Wells) Holmes, and sister of C. B. Holmes. Capt. Holmes was a State Sur- 
veyor, and in 1831 or 1832 entered 7,000 acres of land in La Grange and 
Noble Counties. A short time before his death, he called his children around 
him and divided this property among them, Mrs. Wigton, for her share, getting 
610 acres. Section 14, in Clay Township. Upon this woodland, in a cabin they 
had erected, Mr. and Mrs. Wigton settled in 1813. In March, 1849, Mr. Wigton 
started overland for California with a company of others, and on the journey 
all were killed by the Indians or died of disease excepting himself and David 
Smith. Mr. and Mrs. Wigton resided on the old place in Clay Township until 
Februai'y, 1865, when they sold it, and started East for the benefit of Mrs. 
Wigton's health. Arriving at Hebron, Ohio, the birthplace of Mrs. Wigton, 
she became worse and died there. Mr. Wigton, after this, continued on to 
Accomack County, Va., where he died in August, 1868. They were parents 
of seven children, only three — James H., Robert and Mary — now living. James 
H. was born in Hebron, Ohio, March 27, 1843, and came with his parents to 
La Grange County. He was married in 1872 to Miss Florence, daughter of 
Henry 0. and Caroline M. (Smurr) Belding, and to this union is born one son 
— Martin K. Mr. Wigton owns 160 acres of land in Clay Township, and 
the only cooper-shop in La Grange. 

FRED. B. WOOD, M. D., physician and druggist, was born in the State 
of New York in 1844, to Arthur and Sarah (Farnham) Wood. He was left 
an orphan when eight years of age, his father having died when he was but 
three. At the age of two years, De Kalb County, Ind.. became his home. By 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 293 

saving his wages he was enabled to attend Hillsdale College the years of 1857 
and 1858. In June, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Twenty-ninth Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry, and was the second person to enlist for three years from 
De Kalb County. He was in the battles of Shiloh, Perrj^ville, Stone River, 
Liberty Gap and Chickamauga. At Stone River he was wounded slightly in 
the head, and the last day of the fight at Chickamauga, September 20, 1863, 
he was taken prisoner and conveyed to Richmond. He was first incarcerated 
in Scott's Prison, afterward in Royster, Pemberton and Belle Isle. February 
22, 1864, he was taken to Andersonville, and was in the first squad of troops 
to enter this Golgotha. September 7, 1864, he was removed to the prison at 
Savannah, Ga. ; October 3, 1864, he was transferred to Milan, and from there 
back to Savannah, where he was exchanged November 21, 1864, being exactly 
fourteen months in rebel prisons, where he endured more than the sufferings of 
death. In the spring of 1865, he attended Hillsdale College, after which he 
continued his medical studies at Angola. In October, 1865, he went to Belle- 
vue and attended lectures, and the next year began practicing in Big Rapids, 
Mich. In 1871, he graduated from the Rush Medical College in Chicago. 
After attending a course of lectures at Fort Wayne, he graduated from that 
school in 1879. In the spring of 1881, came to this place and engaged in 
practicing and the drug trade. Was married, July 22, 1865, to Mary J. Sar- 
gent, who has borne him two sons, J. Fordyce and Phonso S. 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 

WILSON ALDRICH, a native of Ontario County, N. Y., born October 
9, 1830, is the elder of two children living, in the fiimily of Aaron and Sally 
(Purchase) Aldrich, both natives of Ontario County, N. Y. The subject's 
mother died in 1838, and his father married Nancy Pratt, a native of New 
York, and in 1871 went to Ludington, Mason Co., Mich., where he is yet a 
resident. Wilson Aldrich passed his youth on his father's farm, and received 
a common-school education. In December, 1851, he went to California, via 
New York and Nicarasrua, and met with moderate success there. Returning to 
New York in 1853, he remained until June of the following year, when he 
came and purchased 160 acres of his present farm in this township. In the 
fall of 1854, he went to Hillsdale, Mich., and was there married October 9, 
same year, to Miss Catherine Whitbeek. After visiting several points of inter- 
est in New York, they returned in December to their home in this township. 
Mr. Aldrich is a Democrat and a prominent farmer. He owns 309 acres of 
land, and has a family of five children, viz.: Frank J., Florence E., now Mrs. 
J. F. Suramerlin, Fannie A., Eva B. and Burton A. Mrs. Aldrich was born 
April 8, 1832, in Wayne County, N. Y., and was one of six children born to 
Thomas J. and Lois (Allen) Whitbeek, natives of New York. 

IRA W. BROWN, is the son of Abijah and Maria (Shoff) Brown. His birth 
occurred March 25, 1824, near Oxford, N. Y., and in 1838 he went to Bellevue, 
Huron Co., Ohio, with his parents. From the age of seventeen to twenty-one, he 
worked as an apprentice in the carriage and wagon manufactory of his father, 
afterward assuming the management for one and one-half years, when he bought 
his father's interest, and continued the business alone. In about 1847, he and 
his father purchased a farm in Sandusky County, Ohio, where Ira W. removed 



294 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

about two years later. He continued his trade, and manufactured a number 
of wagons that were taken ovorhiud to California during the gold excitement 
there. In tlie winter of 1854-55. Mr. Brown emigrated to this county, and 
after the arrival of his family in the spring, settled in this township. After 
his arrival here, he operated a steam saw-mill in Johnson Township, in partner- 
ship with his father, and brother Jacob. The two latter subsequently sold out 
to Ira W., who continued the business until 186(3. In 1865, he moved onto 
his farm of 160 acres in this township, and has retained most of the timber on 
the land. In 1870, he built a saw-mill which he has since operated. Mr. 
Brown, in 1848. August 16, married Julia P. Larason. whose birth occurred 
January 10. 1831, in Clienango County, N. Y. Her parents wore Orson and 
Betsey (ShofT) Lamson, natives of New York. Mr. Brown is a member of 
A., F. & A. M. They have had six children; four are living — Llewellyn 
A., Clifford J., Louise B., now Mrs. Samuel Weir, and Ellsworth I. Mr. 
Brown is a leading farmer and lumber dealer, and has one of the finest 
residences in the township; his land is well cultivated and improved with good 
substantial buildings. 

HON. JOHN Y. CLARK, deceased, was the son of Isaac and Patience 
(Young) Clark, both of New -lersey, where the subject was born September 26, 
180ii, in Sussex County, and where he was married, December 11, 1826, to 
Hester H. Westbrook. She also was a native of Sussex County, born in 
1809, the 4th of April. In 1829, he emigrated to Steuben County, N. Y., 
journeying to this township in 1836, where he purchased a tract of 160 acres 
of timbered land. Their nearest neighbors were two miles distant. Mr. 
Clark, with the assistance of his sons, soon had his farm cleared and improved. 
He served his townsliip as Justice of the Peace, and was elected, in 1846, to 
the Lower House of the Indiana State Legislature by the Wliig party, of which 
he was a leader. Mr. Clark died at his home in this township, owning at that 
time 240 acres of land. He was a man that inspired the esteem and respect of 
all. His wife died May 7. 1873. They iiad ten children ; those living are 
Phoebe, now Mrs. Van Kirk ; Abraham W.; Patience, now Mrs. Thompson : 
Martha, now Mrs. Draggoo ; Eleanor J., now Mrs. Newell; Hester H.. now 
Mrs. Malone, and William J. Abraham W. has been a member of the Merid- 
ian Sun Lodge, No. 76, A., F. & A. M., for more than twenty years, and has 
represented that order at the Grand Lodge several times ; he is also an R. A. 
and S. M. Mason. Himself and brother, William J., own and live on the old 
homestead, and are both among Bloomfield's leading citizens. 

SPENCER I. CLEAVELAND, miller, born' May 10, 1823, in Onondaga 
County, N. Y., is tlie son of Asaph and Polly (Hawks) Cleaveland, w^ho had a 
family of seven children. Asaph Cleaveland was born October 26, 1785, in 
Connecticut, and his wife August 23, 1787, in Massachusetts. The former 
served in the war of 1812, and followed forming throughout life. In 1838. he 
came to this county, settling in Greenfield Township, and removed to Steuben 
County, Ind., in 1840, wliere he died in January, 1847. Mrs. Polly Cleave- 
land was a Presbyterian ; died in April, 1846. Spencer Cleaveland received 
a fair education, and in 1840 went to Ontario County, N. Y.; was employed 
in farm work six years, then came to Steuben County, Ind., and bought eighty 
acres of land. He was married in New York August 29, 1847, to Miss Pau- 
lowna L. Wilmarth, whose birth occurred August 11, 1823, in Victor. Ontario 
Co., N. Y. Her parents were Otis and Sophronia (Boughton) Wilmarth, 
natives of New Jersey, the former born December 8, 1792, and the latter 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 295 

October 11, 1795. In 1853, Mr. Cleaveland came to this county and bought 
a farm of 120 acres, which he sold in 1854, and returned to Steuben County, 
and purchased 100 more acres there. In 1857, he bought a flouring-inill near 
there, which he operated until November, 1858, when it wa.s destroyed by fire. 
Mr. Cleaveland exchanged his farm, in 1861, for the one upon which he now 
lives in this township. He was a member of the Regulator organization; is a 
stanch Republican, and was elected Township Assessor and Real Estate Ap- 
praiser in 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Cleaveland have only one son living — Llewel- 
lyn S., who is a resident of Denver, Colo. 

SAMUEL CLINE is a native of Richland County, Ohio, and next to 
the youngest of nine children born to William and Ellen (Gibbeney) Cline — 
the father a native of Pennsylvania, and the mother of Ohio. They died in 
this township, where they came in 1854, and purchased 320 acres of land; 
his death occurred in 1871, and hers in September, 1881. December 22, 
1858, Samuel Cline and Mary A. Olrastead were married, and the following 
two years he was engaged in farming for his father on shares. In the spring 
of 1861, he bought 6iglity acres of land in this township, where he lived four 
years, then bought the farm of eighty acres where he is living. Mrs. Clini! is 
a native of this county, born February 9, 1843. Mr. Cline's birth occurred 
on the 4th of March, 1836. Thev have had five children — Calvin W., Harvey 
0., William, who died March 9,'l868, Perley M. and Mary E. Mr. Cline is 
an enterprising fiirmer and stock-dealer. Mrs. Cline is the daughter of Har- 
vey and Mary A. (Gage) Olmstead. 

WILLIAM A. CLINE was born in Richland County, Ohio, August 
8, 1830 ; is the son of William and Ellen (Gibney) Cline. His father 
was born in 1794, in Huntingdon County, Penn. ; was married in Richhmd 
County, Ohio, where he purchased a farm of 237 acres, improved the same and 
in June, 1854, emigrated to Indiana. In this township he bought 320 acres of 
land, and resided until his death, October 2, 1871. Mrs. Ellen Cline, a native 
of Washington County, Penn., was born July 22, 1799, and died August 26, 
1881. William Cline, the subject, spent his youth at the home of his parents, 
and four years after attaining his majority farmed the old homestead on shares. 
January 14, 1856, he was united in marriage to Mary E. Spears, and the same 
year bought 80 acres of his present property, which now consists of 255 acres 
of land, under good cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. Cline have four children living, 
Mary J., Frank B., Nellie E. and Rachael L. Mrs. Cline is the daughter of 
Tunice and Mary J. (Scoville) Spears, and was born in Springfield Township, 
this county, January 17, 1840. Her father's birth occurred in May, 1810. in 
Pennsylvania, and her mother's in Connecticut, in 1820. Mr. Cline is a sub- 
stantial, Republican citizen. 

JOSEPH W. CONNELLY was born in Ohio April 13, 1833. 
His father, Thomas Connelly, was born in Maryland and his mother, Sevilla 
Connelly, in Virginia. Since 1835, Joseph W. Connelly has lived in this 
county, with the exception of one year passed in Iowa. His schooling, there- 
fore, was acquired in this county, and when twenty years old began life for 
himself. October 18, 1854, he was united in marriage to Miss Louisa Gage, a 
native of La Grange, Ind. Her parents, Jacob and Anna Gage, were 
natives respectively of Vermont and Pennsylvania : the former is a farmer and 
resides in Van Buren Township, this county ; the latter died in this county in 
August, 1871. Mr. Connelly first rented a farm, then went to Iowa and pur- 
chased 53 acres of land. Returning the next year he bought his present farm 



296 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

of 80 acres, and has cleared most of that which is now under cultivation. 
Mr. Connelly keeps the usual amount of stock on his farm and is a good citi- 
zen. He and wife belong to the M. E. Church and are parents of ten 
children — John B., Martha S., Joseph A., Mary R. (deceased), Thomas B., 
Hiram J., Sevilla A., Orpheus J., Orphy M. and Charles F. 

JAMES D. CRANDELL, one of the pioneers of La Grange County, 
was born in Monroe County, N. Y., September 1, 1822. He is one of ten 
children born to Ivory and Hopey (Winslow) Crandall. The former, a native 
of Rhode Island, was a carpenter by trade, and a soldier in the war of 1812. 
The latter was born in Washington County, N. Y. In 1836, they removed 
from Monroe County, N. Y., to this township, where Mr. Crandall bought land 
and the same year laid out the town of Bloomfield, now known as Hill's Cor- 
ners. He died at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Grannis, in Steuben County, 
Inil, March 4, 1872 When eighteen years old, James Crandall learned the 
cooper's trade, and in 1841 bought 40 acres of land in this towhship ; followed 
his trade one and one-half years at Union Mills, this county, and in 1843, 
bought 90 acres of his present farm of 156 acres, where he built a shop and 
has since lived, engaged at his trade and farming. October 5, 1851, he mar- 
ried Susan A. Faulkner, and to them five children have been born — Erin 
M., now Mrs. J. L. Chapman, Emeline A., Francis U., now Mrs. D. 0. Chap- 
man, William S. and Frank H. Mrs. Crandall was born in Talbot County, 
Md., July 6, 1831. Her parents, William P. and Nancy (Pierson) Faulkner 
Were natives of the same State, and parents of five children. Mr. Crandall is a 
leading Republican citizen. 

JAMES A. DUNTEN is the son of Thomas and Margaret (Mattoon) 
Dunten of Vermont. Thomas Dunten was a pioneer of Allen County, Ind., 
where he entered land in 1833, built a cabin and commenced clearing. They 
had a family of seven children, and he was in the war of 1812, participating in 
the battle of Sackett's Harbor. James Dunten was born in Jeflferson County, 
N. Y., November 25, 1819, and was married July 12, 1846, to Miss Cynthia 
J. Carr, a native of Genesee County, N. Y., and daughter of Nathan and 
Lydia (Foster) Carr. For a number of years, he was engaged in running a 
hotel, the " Mansion House," on East Columbia Street, Fort Wayne, in which 
enterprise he first engaged when about twenty-four years old, in partnership 
with his brother, F. H. Dunten. After living on a farm in Perry Township, 
Alien County, Ind., until the spring of 1855, the subject, with his family, took 
an overland route for California, going thither to benefit the health of his wife. 
They remained in California until the winter of 1856, and while there Mr. 
Dunten engaged in the hotel business at Diamond Springs, also made money 
by speculating in some mines in Sugar Loaf Mountain. He returned to Allen 
County via Panama, New York and Fort Wayne. After buying and selling 
farms in Allen and Steuben Counties, Mr. Dunten located on his farm in this 
township in 1869. Mrs. Dunten died March 11, 1857, and left two children — 
Mary J., now Mrs. Beech, and Hattie C. His second wife, to whom he was 
married April 8, 1858, was Margaret Bell, the daughter of James and Marga- 
ret (Gray) Bell, natives of Massachusetts, and pioneers of De Kalb County, 
Ind. Mr. Dunten and wife have three children — Ida, Lola M. and Alice. 

WILLIAM FISH, one of the oldest pioneers of La Grange County, was 
born in Madison County, N. Y., January 13, 1810, one of eight children born 
to Ebenezer and Hannah (Goodrich) Fish, natives of Connecticut and Massa- 
chusetts respectively. Ebenezer Fish served in the war of 1812 and was in 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 297 

the battle at Fort Erie, Canada. In 1830, he came to this county and settled 
on eighty acres of land on Pretty Prairie, in Greenfield Township. In 1844 
or 1845, he came to the home of his daughter, Pedee Forker, where he died in 
December, 1863. Mrs. Hannah Fish died in January, 1861. Both were 
members of the Christian Church. William Fish had poor school advantages. 
In 1826, he went to Michigan, and in 1830 came to Greenfield Township, this 
county, and staked a claim for eighty acres of land, receiving a patent deed for 
the same signed by Gen. Jackson. In 1843, he sold this farm and forty acres 
he had purchased adjoining and went to Iowa, but soon returned and bought a 
farm in this township, which he traded, in 1851, for one in Branch County, 
Mich., which he sold the following year and resumed farming in this township, 
where he has lived since, with the exception of three years that he rented his 
farm and' resided in La Grange. Mr. Fish was an active Regulator, and assisted 
in opening the wagon road from Lima to Fort Wayne by following an Indian 
trail. Mr. Fish's first wife died in February, 1846. She was a Miss Mary 
Leper, a native of Ohio and the daughter of James and Kesiah (Carter) Leper, 
the former born in Tennessee and the latter in Ohio. She was married to the 
subject November 28, 1833, and of five children born to them four are living, 
viz. : Hezekiah, Anna M. (now Mrs. Elliott), Isaiah and Mary J. (now Mrs. 
Harding). Mr. Fish was again married, in 1846, to Mrs. Margaret Wade, a 
native of Pennsylvania. Her parents were John and Sarah E. (Johnson) 
Hanes, natives of Pennsylvania and Canada respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Fish 
have had five children, three of whom are living — George M., Hannah M. 
(now Mrs. Orrin Gage) and William R. 

JAMES H. GAGE is the son of Abram and Julia A. (Holley) Gage, 
who were natives respectively of Pennsylvania and New York and parents of 
five children. Abram Gage was one of the early pioneers of Springfield 
Township, this county, where the subject was born February 10, 1839. He 
received the common school advantages, and at the age of twenty began work- 
ing for $10 per month; afterward farmed on shares until 1863, at which time 
he invested in fifty-six acres of unimproved land in this township. By perse- 
vering labor he has acquired a farm well cultivated, consisting of 139 acres, 
and has become one of the valued citizens. October 1, 1863, he was married 
to Martha Foster, who was born in Ashland County, Ohio. November 13, 1847. 
Her parents, John H. and Mary (Weible) Foster, were natives of Pennsylvania. 
Mr. and Mrs. Gage have united with the Evangelical denomination. He is a 
Republican. They have seven children — John A., George A., Mary E., Will- 
iam W., Martha A., Sarah R. and Harvey S. 

WILLIAM GARDNER is a native of Ontario County, N. Y., and the 
only child of John and Betsey (Billings) Gardner. The former was born in 
Pennsylvania, was a member of the Quaker Society and a fisherman by occu- 
pation, casting his nets along the Atlantic coast. He died in 1826, and his 
wife, who was a native of New York, died in Michigan in 1855. William 
Gardner was born October 27, 1825, received a common education, and at the 
age of seventeen learned the cooper's trade, that he has followed most of the 
time since. About one-half the coopering in this county was done by him. 
In 1846, he moved to Centerville, St. Joseph's Co., Mich., pursuing his trade 
there until he came to this township and located in 1856. In 1859, he removed 
to Ontario, where Mrs. Sarah Gardner died March 27, 1860. She was 
born in New York August 11, 1827, and was one of five children born to 
Elihu and Adeline (Utter) Cross, natives also of New York. She was 



298 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

married to Mr. Gardner February 15, 1849, and bore him three children — 
Eugene W., Charles F. and Adeline. Mr. Gardner was married to his present 
wife — Mrs. Adelaide Meek — December 23, 1860. She was one of ten in the 
family of Simon and Mary (Gore) Cookingham, and was born January 15, 
1830, in Dutchess County, N. Y. Her father was born in the same place and 
her mother was a native of New London, Conn. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner belong 
to the Congregational Church. He is a Democrat and an enterprising farmer 
and mechanic. Mrs. Gardner had one child by her first marriage, viz., Charles 
W. Meek. 

CURTIS HARDING was born in Pennsylvania September -4, 1798, and, 
when small, moved, with his parents, to the State of New York, where he was 
married, in Wayne County, to Miss Amy Cowan. In 1835, they emigrated to 
this township, entered and settled on the farm where Mrs. Harding is now 
living. By the assistance of his sons, Curtis Harding cleared the land and 
made many improvements. He died at his home February 10, 1864. He 
belonged to the Regular Baptist Church, of which Mrs. Harding is a member. 
They had seven children born to them, four of whom are yet living. Three 
sons — William, Daniel and Bishop — live with their mother and manage the 
homestead farm, which includes 139 acres of good land. They are all unmarried 
.and are among the oldest citizens of the township, well known and respected. 
William Harding is a native of Ontario County, N. Y., and Daniel Harding 
was born in this township on the 15th of May, 1840. 

WILLIAM C. HEALEY is one of eight children, now living, born to 
William and Jane (Hubbard) Healey, natives of England. William Healey 
and family emigrated to the United States in 1852, and came to Indiana and 
bought land in Lima Township, which he sold in 1861 and moved to Johnson 
Township, this county, where he purchased a farm and yet resides. William 
C. Healey was born in Lima Township, this county, June 13, 1852, received 
a common education and remained with his parents until sixteen, when he 
engaged in working out by the month. After five years, he returned and 
spent one year at home, then bought fifty acres in Johnson Township, that he 
exchanged, in 1880, for his present farm. He married Cordelia Hossinger in 
1874, November 17, and they have four children — Adrian C, Almon R., Cora 
B. and an infant. Mrs. Healey is a native of this county, born May 3, 1856, 
and the daughter of Anthony and Mary M. (Groh) Hossinger, natives respect- 
ively of Pennsylvania and Germany and parents of seven children. Mr. and 
Mrs. Healey are members of the Lutheran Church. He is a Republican and 
one of the prosperous young farmers of Bloomfield Township. 

EBENEZER HILL is a native of Rensselaer County, N. Y., as were 
also his parents, Aaron and Pamelia (Winston) Hill. In May, 1809, Aaron 
Hill removed to Monroe County, N. Y.; thence in 1840 to this county. In 
1867, he moved to Iowa, where Mrs. Hill died October 20, 1868, and Aaron 
Hill February 5, 1870. The latter was a soldier in the war of 1812. Eben- 
zer Hill was born February 25, 1809, and spent his youth on the home farm 
and boating on the New York & Erie Canal. In 1842, he went to Oakland 
County, Mich., where he was engaged in farming about ten years; then came 
to this county, purchased and lived on a farm in Johnson Township until 1876, 
when he located in this township. Mr. Hill served actively as a Regulator in 
this and Noble County. In Michigan, he was Township Treasurer two years, 
and has twice been elected Justice of the Peace. He was first married, Janu- 
ary 8, 1827, to Hannah M. Barber, a native of New York. They had nine 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHI!'. 299 

children — Andrew J.; Phoebe E., now Mrs. Barber; Benjamin B.; Mary M., 
now Mrs. Hall; Melvin E.; Joseph D.; John C; Sarah J., now Mrs. Welch, 
and Julia A., now Mrs. Brown. Mrs. Hill's death occurred April 6, 1875; 
her parents were Benjamin and Hannah (Morse) Barber, natives respectively 
of New York and Massachusetts. Mr. Hill's second and present wife was born 
in New York February 28, 1820 ; her maiden name was Almira Crandell, and 
the subject is her fourth husband. They were married in August, 1877; she 
was married first to Newell Hill, a native of New York, and by him has left 
one child, Edwin W. By her second marriage, to Stephen Harris, a native of 
Ohio, she had a daughter, Augusta, now Mrs. Maxwell. Her third husband 
was Ephraim Jenning, a native of New York. 

JACOB HOAGLAND, Jr., the son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Veghte) 
Hoagland, was born in Steuben County, N. Y., August 20, 1817. His parents 
had twelve children, and were both natives of Somerset County, N. J., the 
former born in 1773, and the latter in 1778. The subject was married Feb- 
ruary IG, 1836, to Sarah Sherman, and, in April of the same year, came West 
to Michigan and Indiana with his father. They bought 200 acres of land in 
this township, on a portion of which the subject now resides, and during the 
summer were engaged in clearing and bringing settlers here, the tide of immi- 
gration having set in from Detroit. In August, they went back to New York, 
returning with their families the same fall, coming by steamer from Buffalo to 
Detroit, thence overland to their home in this township, where the two families 
lived together. Jacob Hoagland, Sr., died in 18-i8, and Mrs. Hoagland in 
1858; both belonged to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Jacob Hoagland, 
Jr., was the first mail contractor in the county, starting in 1851, the first line 
of stages from Sturgis, Mich., to La Grange, and also carrying mail between 
these two points. He afterward sold out and bought a half-interest in the 
Sturgis & Fort Wayne Stage Line, running as far as Kendallville, and traveling 
over the old Fort VVayne & Lima road. Mr. Hoagland was the first Consta- 
ble elected in this township, and served several years as Vice President of the La 
Grange County Agricultural Society; he owns a fine farm of 160 acres, and him- 
self and wife are parents of eight children, four living — Charles E., Plyrapton 
A., Elizabeth P. (now Mrs. Price), and Rhoda R. Mrs. Hoagland was born 
April 11, 1817, in Oneida County, N. Y. ; her parents were Enoch and Rhoda 
(Douglass, Grant) Sherman, natives of Rhode Island and Scotland respectively. 
HEZEKIAH HOARD is the eldest of ten in the family of Hezekiah and 
Lodema (Babcock) Hoard, natives of New York. The elder Hoard was a sol- 
dier in the war of 1812; he moved to Geauga County, Ohio, in 1832, thence 
to this county in the fall of 1835, where he died at the home of the subject in 
December. 1869, his wife having died three years before at the same place. 
The subject w.is born in Stephentown, N. Y., Mai'ch 1-1, 1807 ; he removed to 
Geauga County, Ohio, where he bought a farm, sold it in 1835, and came to 
Lima Township, this county, where he farmed on shares until 1888, when he 
came to this township and invested in eighty acres of unimproved land; he yet 
lives on this farm, having added sixty acres more and largely improved it. 
Mr. Hoard was married .January I, 1832, to Rhoda Ingraham, a native of New 
York; she died November 9, 1838. Of two children born to them, one (My- 
ron) is yet living. February 28, 1811, Mr. Hoard was married to Miss Ann 
Wilcox, who was born December 19, 1811, and is one of four children born to 
William and Nancy (Cain) Wilcox, natives of Connecticut. Mr. and Mrs. 

Hoard are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and have had six chil- 

p 



300 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

dreii, three of whom are living — Mary, now Mrs. Randolph ; William and 
George. 

ISAAC HOG MIRE is the son of Samuel and Catherine (Raum) Hog- 
mire, natives of Washington County, Md., in which place Isaac was born on 
the 5th of April, 1812. He was educated at the common schools, and at the 
age of eighteen learned carpentering, which occupation he has since been en- 
gaged in, although not exclusively. He went to Richland County, Ohio, in 
1837, and the following year, on the 12th of October, was united in marriage 
to Miss Sophia Ernsberger. They came to this county in 1853, where he 
bought and improved 80 acres of land in this township, removing in 1879 to 
his present improved farm of 120 acres. Mr. Hogmire continued to work at his 
trade after coming here, and has worked on some of the best buildings in the 
county. The first warehouse in the town of La Grange was built by him, and 
he assisted also in building the first storeroom there. Mrs. Hogmire is one of 
eleven children in the family of Michael and Phoebe (Poffenbarger) Ernsberger, 
and is of the same nativity as her husband, born April 6, 1815. They have 
had born to them six children ; one died in infancy, and Henry in his thirty- 
fifth year, April 27, 1881 ; the others are all living — Mary A., now Mrs. 
Frank Rife; Martin; Sarah C, now Mrs. Carp, and Samuel. 

HIRAM JACOBS, the son of Andrew and Sarah (Wing) Jacobs, was 
born in Ohio March 4, 1824. When thirteen years old, he came to this county, 
where he lived with a brother-in-law, from whom he received $100 for his serv- 
ices till he became of age. He then bought forty acres of unimproved land, 
has since made other purchases, and now owns a fine farm of 130 acres. 
October 18, 1854, he was married in La Grange to Miss Martha M. Connelly, 
the daughter of Thomas and Sevilla (Groves) Connelly, who were natives re- 
spectively of Maryland and Virginia, and came to this county in 1835, where 
they afterward died. Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs settled on their present farm in 
December, 1854 ; they have one child, a daughter, Grace. Mrs. Jacobs united 
with the Methodist Episcopal Church when a little girl, and is yet a member. 
In addition to agriculture, Mr. Jacobs, since 1875, has devoted considerable 
attention to stock-raising, and ships large quantities. He feeds annually about 
one hundred head of sheep, fifteen to twenty head of cattle, and thirty to 
forty hogs. 

WILLIAM JACOBS is a Canadian by birth, and one of eight in the 
family of Andrew and Sarah (Wing) Jacobs, the former a native of New 
Hampshire and the latter of Pittsfield, Mass. Andrew Jacobs was a pioneer 
of Lucas County, Ohio, settling in 1817 in what is now a part of Toledo. 
The Indians became very troublesome, and on this account he removed to 
Canada in the spring of 1819, and William was born August 5 of that year. 
In 1820, they returned to Lucas County, and there Mrs. Sarah Jacobs died 
August 5, 1834. In 1836, Mr. Jacobs came to this township, where he re- 
sided with his daughter, Mrs. Orphelia Mattoon until his death, which occurred 
in 1838. The subject, after he was fourteen, resided with his uncle, William 
Sibley, who was also a pioneer of Lucas County, Ohio, until the latter's death 
in 1836. In the fall of that year, Mr. Jacobs came to this county, but re- 
turned again to Toledo, where he worked by the month, until he located in 
this township in 1840, when he purchased forty acres of his present farm. 
November 23, 1840, Mr. Jacobs was married to Charlotte M. Wing, who was 
born in Northampton County, Penn., June 28, 1820, and is the daughter of 
Thomas and Elinor (Hardy) Wing, of Massachusetts, and parents of thirteen 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 301 

children. Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs have no children of their own, but have reared 
two, and partially reared two others. Mr. Jacobs, besides his farm of 140 
acres, owns property in La Grange. 

ISRAEL MARKS, son of John and Mary Marks, was born June 7, 
1839, in Stark County, Ohio. His parents were natives of Pennsylvania, and 
they removed to Stark County, Ohio, where John Marks died. After this sad 
occurrence, Mrs. Mary Marks came Jo Indiana, in which State she subsequently 
died. Israel Marks was reared and educated in Ohio, principally in Wyandot 
County, and came to Indiana when twenty years of age. He was married in 
this county, August 24, 1860, to Miss Amanda E. Sigler, a native of Ohio, and 
the daughter of Peter and Nancy Sigler. Her parents, natives of Maryland, 
are now residents of this county. Mr. Marks purchased sixty-five acres of his 
present farm in 1865; he now owns 112^ acres, and most of the improvements 
he has made himself. The buildings are good, and the chief products of the 
farm are wheat and corn. Mr. and Mrs. Marks have a family of four children 
—William W., Ira M.. Emanuel E. and Mary E. 

SAMUEL McCALLY was born August 3, 1827, in a house situated on 
the line dividing Clark and Madison Counties, Ohio, and is one of eleven chil- 
dren born to Nicholas and Nancy (Judy) McCally, natives respectively of Vir- 
ginia and Kentucky. Nicholas McCally served in the war of 1812, first in 
the cavalry, in Green Clay's Brigade under Gen. Hull, and was one of the 
army surrendered to the British. He afterward re-enlisted under Gen. Harrison, 
and was wounded in an engagement with the Indians. He died in Logan 
County, Ohio, in October, 1850. Samuel McCally received a common educa- 
tion, and at the age of eighteen went to work on a farm in Clark County. Ohio, 
where he remained three years, then for the same length of time was engaged in 
driving cattle to New York. In 1851, he purchased the old homestead in Lo- 
gan County, Ohio, and in 1854 came to this township and bought the farm of 
180 acres, where he now lives. He married Mary A. Nichelson, February 15, 
1849. She was born January 3, 1828, in Clark County. Ohio, and died at her 
home in this township April 26, 1856. Her parents were John and Roxy 
(Hammond) Nichelson, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of 
New York. To this union were born four children, John N., Almond, An- 
drew and Elias G.; the latter was killed May 10, 1865. Mr. McCally was 
married to his present wife, Elizabeth J. Richards, July 3, 1856. She is the 
daughter of Joseph and Rachel (Davidson) Richards, and was born in Clark 
County, Ohio, November 23, 1827. They have five children — Charles A.. 
Sarah H. (now Mrs. Rogers), Grace A., Manley and Roxy J. Mr. McCally is 
a stanch Republican, and prominent farmer of the township. 

CHRISTIAN MILLER, when a boy of six, moved to Morrow County, 
Ohio, with his parents. Andrew and Mary M. (Zimmerman) Miller, both natives 
of Harford County, Md., where the subject was born March 10, 1825 ; his fath- 
er's birth occurred August 17, 1800, and his mother's October 5, 1804. In 
their family were three boys and eight girls. Christian Miller, at the age of 
twenty-one, traveled West on a prospecting tour, returning to Ohio in the fall, 
whore he was married in Richland County, on the 18th of April, 1848, to Miss 
Juliann Sowers. They went to Jefferson Township, Noble County, in 1850, 
where they lived four years on a farm. Mr. Miller during that time cleared 
sixty acres of land. He then sold out and came to this township and bought 
thirty-two acres that now lie in the southwestern part of La Grange, also 
eighty acres in Clay Township, all of which he subsequently sold. In 1858, 



S02 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

be purchased a stock of dry goods and groceries in La Grange, and sold the 
same the next year, when he engaged in the lumber business; in 1861. erect- 
ed a saw-mill, operated it until 1870, when he bought a farm of 136 acres in 
■this township, where he is residing, having increased his farm to 364 acres. 
For about two years he ran a saw-mill on his place, when the supply of water 
failed and it was abandoned. Mr. Miller, from 1854 to 1862 was an Odd Fel- 
low, when the war broiie the lodge up, and was an active Regulator. Mr. and 
Mrs. Miller belong to the Lutheran Church, and have a family of five children, 
viz.: Mary C. (now Mrs. Peters), Catherine E.(now Mrs. Deavenbaugh), Henry 
A., Anna and John C. Mrs. Miller is a native of Center County, Penn., born 
-October 16, 1827, the daughter of Henry and Mary A. C. (Miller) Sowers, na- 
tives respectively of Pennsylvania and Marvland, and parents of nine children. 
WILLIAM R. MINICK is a native 'of Stark County, Ohio, where his 
■;birth occurred October 24. 1837. His pai-ents, -John and Nancy (Poland) 
Minick, were natives of Pennsylvania, tiie former born in 1818 and the latter 
in 1812; they had a family of nine children. John Minick went to Ohio in 
the prime of early youth, and for several years followed his trade, that of a 
•carder and fuller, at Canton, and subsequently at Akron. He was married in 
Ohio, and in 1851 went to Allen County, Ind., where his death occurred in 
1856. His widow was afterward married to David Perky and moved to De 
Kalb County, Ind., whern she died in 1878. William Minick, from fourteen 
until twenty-two years of age, worked out by the month, and in 1859 came to 
this township, where he managed a farm one year on shares. November 6, 
1860, he voted for Abraham Lincoln, and was married the same day to Han- 
>aah L. Cain, who was born in Johnson Township, this county, November 1, 
1842, and is one of eight in the family of Simeon and Ann (Oliver) Cain, the 
former of whom was born in New York November 1, 1808, and the latter in 
Clark County, Ohio, October 6, 1813. In 1861, Mr. Minick bought a farm in 
Williams County, Ohio, and in 1868 traded the same for, one in Defiance 
'County, Ohio, where he resided until he located on his present farm in this 
^township in 1874. He owns 120 acres, and in connection with farming is 
•engaged in selling agricultural implements. He is a Republican, and a mem- 
ber of the Meridian Sun Lodge, No. 76, A., F. & A. M. He joined the 
Masonic Order at Edgerton, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Minick have four children, 
'William W., a school teachei', Anna M., Frank A. and Charles A. Three of 
ihe subject's brothers served in the late war, John L. in Company A, Forty- 
fourth Indiana Volunteer Infintry ; he died at Indianapolis in 1864 ; George 
W. in Company A, Thirty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and Joseph S. in 
"Company A, Twenty-first Indiana Heavy Artillery. The two last named are 
residents of Muskegon, Mich. 

BENJAMIN S. MITCHELL, a native of Westmoreland County, Penn., 
iborn December 22, 1811, is one of eleven in the family of Hugh and Phoebe 
>(McClure) Mitchell. The parents were natives of Trenton. N. J., and Ches- 
ter County, Penn., respectively, and Hugh Mitchell was Quartermaster in the 
iRevolutionary war, also a commissioned officer in the New Jersey militia dur- 
dng the whisky rebellion there ; his father, Randall Mitchell, was a wealthy 
tmerchant of Trenton. Hugh Mitchell, when a young man, went to West- 
•.moreland County, Penn., where he clerked, taught school and was married ; subse- 
■ quently removing to Ashland County, Ohio, where he died at the home of his 
■son Benjamin, October 4, 1834; his wife died on the 11th of the succeeding 
April. The subject, at the age of twelve, began working out by the month, and 



BLOOiMFlELD TOWNSHIP. 303 

at seventeen rented land in Ashland County, Ohio, and moved to Huron 
County, Ohio, where he kept hotel six and a half years, next engaging in the 
drover business, then in mercantile pursuits, continuing the latter six years at 
Fiteliville. Huron Co., Ohio. In 1861, he bought his farm in this township 
where he is living. He belongs to, and was a charter member of Floral Lodge, 
No. 160, A., F. & A. M., at Fitchville, Ohio, and is also a member of Huron 
Chapter, No. 7, R. A. M. His wife is a member of the M. E. Church, and is. 
the (hiughter of Frederick and Martha (Angel) Draggoo, who had thirteett 
children, and were natives respectively of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Mr. 
Draggoo was a soldier in the war of 1812 ; his daughter Eleanor was born May 
26, 1815, in Mei-cer County, Penn., and was married to Benjamin Mitchell Jan- 
uary 3, 1833. They have had six children, two of whom are living — Martha,, 
now Mrs. Samuel E. Beans, and Dora M., now Mrs. William H. Biddle. 

ISAAC B. NEWELL is a native of Easton, Washington Co., N. Y.. 
His parents were John and Joanna (Reynolds) Newell ; the former was born' 
in Old Hadley, Conn., in 1762, and the latter in New York. Washington 
County, in 1772. They had twelve children, all of whom grew to maturity. 
Isaac Newell was born July 14, 1803, married January 4, 1829, and came tO' 
Bloorafield Township in 1840, where he has since lived on the 140-acre farm 
that he has cleared and improved. Shortly after coming here he had a narrow 
escape from the wolves, and himself and wife were once attacked by a panther 
and chased into their cabin. Mr. Newell was an active Regulator, and owns a. 
horse that will be twenty-seven years old in May, 1882. Mr. and Mrs Newell 
have four children — Sabrina P., Harriet T., now Mrs. Thurstin; Charity V..^ 
now Mrs. Reed, and Anna M., now Mrs. Bunn. Mrs. Lucretia Newell was 
born in Pine Plains, Dutchess Co., N. Y., May 27, 1805, and was married to 
the subject in Conquest, Cayuga Co., N. Y. Her parents, Jacob and Charity 
(Pulver) Vandewater, were born in New York. Her ancestors were among the 
first Dutch settlers in that State, and she has in her possession a chest brought 
by them from Holland. 

HARVEY OLMSTEAD was born December 7, 1811, near Lundy's- 
Lane, Canada, and worked for some time on his father's farms in Pennsylvaniai. 
and Ohio, and five years on the New York & Erie Canal. In 1833, he came 
to Springfield Township, this county, where he built a cabin on a tract of Gov- 
ernment land in Brushy Prairie, and worked at splitting rails until he had 
saved $50, when he entered the forty acres of land upon which he was already- 
located. He now owns 320 acres in that township, and a farm of 100 acres m 
this township which he bought in 1874, and upon which he has since lived. 
Mr. Olmstead is one of the oldest settlers in the county, and took an active- 
part in the Regulator movement. His parents were Jacob and Elizabeth 
(Venater) Olmstead, the former born in Vermont in 1786, and the latter in 
1788 in Pennsylvania, where they were married. In 1807, Jacob Olmstead 
went to Canada, and served in the war of 1812, first as a British .soldier, but 
subsequently deserted and entered the United States Army. After the war, he 
settled with his family in New York, but subsequently resided in the States of 
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan. Illinois and Iowa, finally returning to 
this county, where he died in April, 1869. Mrs. Elizabeth Olmstead died in 
Michigan in 1835 or 1836. Mr. Harvey Olmstead has been left a widower 
four times. His first wife, to whom he was married April 17, 1834, was 
Sarah Gage, a native of New York, born February 4, 1813, and daughter of 
Abraham and Polly (Biengton) Gage, of Vermont. She died July 11, 1841, 



304 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

and of four children born to them, one only is living — Elijah. March 2, 
1842, Mr. Olmstead was married to Mrs. Mary (Gage) Anderson, a native of 
Rutland, Vt., born February 25, 1815, and the daughter of Isaac and Perley 
(Howard) Grage, of Vermont. They had four children, two of whom are liv- 
ing — Mary, now Mrs. Samuel Cline. and Frank B. Mrs. Mary (.)lmstead died 
August 19, 1852. His third wife was Elizabeth Burrell. They were married 
in 1853, and she died in 1865, leaving four children — Albert A., Clara A., 
now Mrs. Jennings; Elizabeth C, now Mrs. Routsong, and Jacob A. Mr. 
Olmstead's last marriage took place March 6, 1866, to Lydia C. McNulty, 
who died January 21. 1882. having borne her husband two sons — Charles H. 
and George. 

ALBERT PRESTON was born May 25, 1840, in Trumbull County, Ohio. 
His father was James Preston, a native of Beaver County, Penn., where his birth 
occurred in 1809, December 9. His mother, Mrs. Mary A. (Matthews) Pres- 
ton, was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, April 1. 1816. Albert Preston is 
one of twelve ciiildreii ; in 1853, accompanied his parents to Indiana, and 
worked on his father's farm in this township until 1859, when he began an ap- 
prenticeship at the carpenter's trade with John Q. Reed, of La Grange. He 
worked at carpentering summers, and attended school winters, until August. 
1861, when he enlisted in Company G, Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 
and was mustered into service September 24, 1861. He was with his regiment 
in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, Stone River, Cbattanooga, and was wounded 
at Rocky Face, Ga., May 9, 1864, after which he was detailed as Commissary 
Sergeant, at Gen. Grose's brigade headquarters, where he remained until he 
was mustered out at Indianapolis Sepferaber29, 1864. He married Miss Mary 
J. Moore, December 14, 1864. She was born July 15, 1842, in Trumbull 
County, Ohio, and is the only child of Andrew B. and Jane L. (Thomas) 
Moore, the former a native of Trumbull County, Ohio, and the latter of Wales. 
Mr. Preston has been engaged in farming and the stock business ever since the 
war, settling on his present farm in 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Preston are Presby- 
terians, and have had born to them four children, three of whom are living, 
namely, Effie M., Francis A. and Alice L. 

JAMES M. PRESTON was born in Youngstown, Ohio. February 17, 
1835, and is the son of John and Ellen Preston, natives respectively of Penn- 
sylvania and Ireland. Mrs. Preston died in Youngstown, Ohio, when the sub- 
ject was but eight months old. John Preston came to Indiana in 1850, and is 
yet living in this county ; he is seventy-three years old, and devotes his time 
exclusively to farming, having in his younger days followed mechanical pur- 
suits. James Preston came to this State with his father ; tlie latter ran a saw- 
mill about twelve years, in which James M. was employed part of his time. He 
was married in this county, September 15, 1857, to Lockey J. Price, a native 
of Preble County, Ohio, and the daughter of Francis and Sarah Price, the for- 
mer a native of Virginia, and the latter of New Jersey ; they came to Noble 
County, Ind., in 1841, and six months after moved to this county, on the farm 
now owned and occupied by the subject, where they died. Mr. Preston, after 
renting land two years, settled on twenty-eight acres given him by his fatlier, 
and began dealing in organs and other musical instruments, which busine.<8 he 
has successfully continued up to the present time. He carries a full line of 
goods, and all orders for music are promptly filled. About 1870, he opened an 
office in La Grange. From 1874 to 1880, he was engaged in the sale of agri- 
cultural implements and sewing machines. Mr. Preston owns eighty acres of 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 305 

land, which is farmed under his supervision. Himself and wife are members of 
the Presbyterian Church, and have had three children — Ella E., Frank and 
Marion, deceased. 

H. M. PRICE was born in this county July 16, 1843, and is the 
Youngest of nine children born to Francis M. and Sarah (Miller) Price, the lat- 
ter of whom was born October 5, 1801, in Elizabethtown, N. J. Francis Price 
was a native of Montcromery County, Va., born May 8, 1797, and when four 
years old moved with his parents to Preble County, Ohio, where he received a 
fair education and when quite young served an apprenticeship of four years at 
the tanner's trade. When of age he started for Oregon, but, after reaching St. 
Louis, abandoned that project, and for six months ran a ferry boat at St. 
Charles. Returning to Ohio, he followed his trade until 1835, when he trav- 
eled over Indiana and Illinois, returning to Preble County the same year to 
resume his trade. In 1836, he entered 320 acres of land in this township, 110 
of which is now owned by the subject. In 1840, he went to Noble County, 
and entered about 800 acres of land; located in this township in 1841, where 
he died January 30, 1878. Mrs. Sarah Price died July 29, 1872. They 
were members of the Presbyterian Church, and he was a Republican. Henry 
M. Price, in 1864, with his brother Thomas, went to California, via New York 
and Panama, returning in 1868 via Nicaragua to this township where he bought 
his present farm. While in California he was engaged in the stock business, 
and made a second trip there, but returned in 1871, and was married Novem- 
ber 23 of that year to Elizabeth P. Hoagland, who was born June 28, 1844, 
in this county. She is one of eight in the family of Jacob and Sarah E. (Sher- 
man) Hoagland, natives of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Price have no children ; 
she is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Edwin L. Price, a broth- 
er of the subject, went to California in 1849, where he was engaged in mining 
and farming for sometime; he died there December 4, 1874. Another brother 
— Harvey — went to tliat State in 1852, engaged in mining, and has not been 
heard from since 1871. Thomas Price is supposed to have been killed by the 
Indians in Idaho in 1870. 

MANLEY RICHARDS, one of tive children born to Joseph and Rachel 
(Davidson) Richards, is a native of Clark County, Ohio, where his birth oc- 
curred October 29, 182i>. His father was born in Virginia, July 5, 1803, and 
reared in Clark County, Ohio, where his marriage occurred. He emigrated to 
this county in 1836, and entered 80 acres of land in this township, a part of 
which is now included in the farm of Manley Richards. Here he built a log 
house and began clearincj, owning at the time of his death, in November, 1849, 
120 acres of well improved land. Manley Richards acquired a common-school 
education while assisting on the home farm. After his father's death, himself 
and brother farmed the old homestead until 1856, when Manley Richards pur- 
ctiased his brother's interest. He has now 145 acres. April 2, 1857, he mar- 
ried Elizabeth Barnes, and two children born to them are living, Annetta, now 
Mrs. Sherman, and Albert R. The mother died at her home December 22, 
1875. She was born in Ohio June 4, 1839, and was the daughter of Edmund 
and Susan (Beardsley) Barnes, natives of New York. Mr. Richards is a 
Democrat, and a thriving farmer. 

FRANKLIN RIFE is the only child of Abraham and Susan (Lighter) 
Rife, natives of Pennsylvania ; the former died in 1842, in Richland County, 
Ohio, where Franklin was born October 26, 1833. Mrs. Susan Rife is living, 
and resides with the subject. He learned the carpenters' trade in his early 



306 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

manhood, and followed the same until 1872, since which time he has been en- 
gaged in farming. He bought a farm in this township in 1856, which he 
exchanged in 1864 for the one where he is now living. Mr. Rife came to this 
township in 1855, and after he was married, October 20, 1856, took a trip to 
Ashland County, Ohio, returning to this township in the following spring, 
where he owns 110 acres of desirable land. Mrs. Mary A. Rife is the daugh- 
ter of Isaac and Sophia (Ernsberger) Hogmire. She was born in Ashland 
County, Ohio, on the 26th of March, 183'.t. Seven children have been born 
to Mr. and Mrs. Rife — Samantha, deceased September 26. 1863; Ida A., now 
Mrs. Wyland ; Laura ; Elmer A. ; Susanna, died May 12, 1871 ; Maggie M. and 
Lilly B. 

* JOSEPH ROYER, son of Jacob and Mary (Michael) Royer, is a native 
of Summit County, Ohio, where his birth occurred November 11, 1838. His 
parents were natives of Pennsylvania. His fother, soon after he was married, 
moved to Summit County, Ohio, where he bought a farm and resided until 
about 1858, then removed to Uniontown, Stark Co., Ohio, where his wife 
died in July, 1861. He died at the same place in 1879, having, however, 
married a second time. At the age of eighteen Joseph Royer learned carpea- 
tering ; previous to this had worked on his father's farm. He followed his trade 
several years in Ohio, and continued it in Johnson Town.'ship, this county, 
after moving there in 1861. In 1865, he bought 80 acres of unimproved land 
and worked at clearing in addition to carpentering In 1873, he sold out and 
rented a farm near Wolcottville, remaining until August, 1874, when he came^ 
to his present location, having purchased it the preceding spring. Mr Royer 
was married May 12, 1864, to Elizabeth P. Eshleman, daughter of Joseph and 
Mary (Erford) Eshleman, natives of Pennsylvania. She was born January 2, 
184.5, in Summit County, Ohio, and is one of eight children. Mr. and Mrs 
Royer have had three children, Elmer E., Mary L. and Emma M. Mr. Royer 
is a Republican, and himself and family are all members of the Evangelical 
Church. 

MRS. MARIA SARGENT was born at Lock, Cayuga Co., N. Y., 
October 27, 1808. Her father — James Young — was a native of Ireland and 
a soldier of the war of 1812. He held two prominent county offices in Ca- 
yuga County, N. Y. Her mother — Mary (Mow) Young — was of French 
descent. She died at Lock, N. Y., September 20, 1845, in her seventy-eighth 
year. She was a member of the M. E. Church. They were the parents of 
eleven boys and two girls. Maria, when ten years of age, went to live with 
Moses Dixon, at Brutus, N. Y., and remained until February 28, 1830, when 
she was married to David Sargent. They came to this township in 1840, he 
having traded his farm in New York for land here, where Mrs. Sargent now 
lives. This farm Mr. Sargent cleared and improved. Soon after coming here 
he had a barn raising and invited his neighbors to assist, as was customary in 
those days. This they refused to do unless supplied with liquor, which Mr. 
Sargent refused them, he being a strict temperance man, making a speech that 
had the desired eifect. The barn is still standing and was the first raised in 
the township where liquor was not used. Mr. Sargent died at his home Sep- 
tember 15, 1881. He was a member of the M. E. Church and was a much 
beloved and respected citizen. He was a native of New Hampshire, where his 
birth occurred January 3, 1805. Of eight children born to Mr. and Mrs. 
Sargent, five are living, viz. : Eliza R., now Mrs. McKibben ; Maria M., now 
Mrs. John Preston ; Alfred ; Janet, now Mrs. Rowe ; and Mary A., now Mrs. 
Hodgson. 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 3U7 

ELIAS SCHROCK first came to Indiana in 1842, with his father, and 
worked at farming and in a saw-mill until he was twenty-two years old, when 
he bought 126 acres of land in Elkhart County. Previous to coming here he 
had worked, from the age of seven to fourteen, in a carding factory in Ohio. 
After selling his first purchase in Elkhart County in 18-5.3, he bought another 
farm of 160 acres north of Goshen. In 1865, he sold and came to Clearspring 
Township, this county, bought a farm, sold it 1872 and moved to Eden Town- 
ship; purchased 200 acres of land and sold it in 1873, for $100 per acre; next 
locating in this township, where he has a farm of 180 acres. March 5, 1850, 
Mr. Schrock was married to Eliza Gerber. She was born, May 13, 1826, in 
Stark County, Ohio, and his birth occurred March 11, 1826, in Holmes County, 
Ohio. She was the eldest of thirteen children born to David and Susanna 
(Buchtel) Gerber, natives of Pennsylvania. They are members of the German 
liaptist Church, of which Mr. Shrock has been a minister about fourteen years. 
They have had nine children — Anna B., now Mrs. Yoder: Louis C, who died 
July 8, 1874; Lydia M., now Mrs. Berkey; Susanna, now Mrs. W. H. Swi- 
hart; Harriet E.. now Mrs. Rudisill; David D. ; Melvin C; Emma D. ; and 
Mary R. The parents of Elias Schrock were David and Margaret (Borntrager) 
Schrock, both natives of Lancaster County, Penn., the former born August 
24, 1797, and the latter November 26, 1790. David Schrock, when about 
eighteen, moved to Holmes County, Ohio, where he was married in April, 1817. 
His business was carpentering and farming, and he was a member of the Amish 
Church until after Mrs. Schrock 's death, December 22, 1850. Mr. Schrock 
was again married, in 1852, to Mrs. Melissa (Ball) De France, a native of the 
East, and on the day of their union both united with the German Baptist 
Church. In May, 1842, he moved to Elkhart County, Ind., farmed and ope- 
rated a saw-mill until he entered the mercantile business at Goshen. He died 
October 81, 1873. His ancestors were Swiss and German and he was the 
father of eight children. 

ISAAC SEARS is a native of Onondaga County, N. Y., born Novem- 
ber 7, 1828, is the son of Eleazer and Sarah Sears, natives of New York, the 
former of Saratoga and the latter of Onondaga County. They came to this 
county in 1841, and located on Brushy Prairie, where they died and were in- 
terred in Brushy Prairie Cemetery. Eleazer Sears died from an accident 
caused by a team running away that was hitched to a reaper, from which he 
received injuries and expired about seven hours afterward. Isaac Sears re- 
ceived an average education, and remained with his parents until he was mar- 
ried, February 18, 18.53, in this township, to Miss Laurinda Tuttle. Her 
parents. Lemon and Diadamie Tuttle, were natives of Ohio and farmers by 
occupation ; they died in this county. Subject and wife settled on a farm of 
236 acres, in Springfield Township, this county, that Mr. Sears had previously 
purchased. He increased his land to 436 acres, and farmed and raised live 
stock on a large scale. May 10, 1874, his wife died and he was married in 
Onondaga County, N. Y., February 11, 1875, to Miss Sarah Van Alstine, the 
daughter of James and Abigail Van Alstine, natives of New York, where her 
father died and her mother is yet living, at the age of sixty-six. They removed 
from Springfield to this township in October, 1880, where they have a well im- 
proved fiirm, good buildings and fine brick residence. Mr. Sears now owns 
868 acres of land, and has given eighty acres to his son. All of his property 
has been accumulated by his own efibrts and industry, with the exception of 
100 acres of land and $400 in money, that he inherited. He is extensively 



308 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

*>ngage(i in live stock dealing, and his farm annually yields large profits. For 
1878, the wheat crop alone was 3,000 bushels, averaging thirty-two bushels per 
acre. Mr. Sears is one of the most prominent citizens, and has two sons, 
Charles E. and David A., both of whom are married. 

ORMUND SISSON is a native of Norway, Oneida County, N. Y., 
where his birth occurred March 18, 1810. He is the son of Abraham and 
Amy (Cole) Sisson, and the youngest of three children. When Ormund was 
ten years old his mother died, and he was bound out to Alfred Martin, with 
whom he remained until he was eighteen, then went to Ontario County, N. Y., 
and was employed working on a farm and stage driving, afterward learning the 
carpenter's trade, which he has followed to some extent ever since. He re- 
ceived but a few months schooling, and December 25, 1832, was married to 
Ann Brooks, who was born in England June 13, 1817, and is one of nine 
children in the family of George and Elizabeth (Smith) Brooks. In October, 
1841, Mr. Sisson bought eighty acres of land in Steuben County, Ind. In 
18-52, he returned to Ohio and engaged in the grocery business at Montpelier. 
He continued this enterprise about a year, then settled on a farm in Williams 
County, Ohio; disposing of his property in 1854, he emigrated to Indiana, 
bought his farm of 120 acres, and has ever since resided in this township. 
Mr. and Mrs. Sisson have had nine children born to them — Elizabeth (now Mrs. 
Metzger), William A., Edward 0., George K., Laura P. (now Mrs. Spears), Amy 
A. (now Mrs. Munger), John H.. Albert H. and Edgar F. Edward 0. served 
in the recent war, was a member of Company G, Eighty-eighth Indiana Vol- 
unteer Infantry. George K. served in the same company and regiment. He 
died in hospital, January 20, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. 

SAMUEL SOMES came to this township in 1855, and in 1859 bought 
eighty acres of unimproved land which is now a cleared and improved farm, 
comprising one hundred and twenty acres. The four years preceding this he 
worked out by the month, receiving from §12 to §15 wages. He was married, 
January 1, 1861, to Sarah A. Mills, a native of Cayuga, N. Y., where she 
was born April 3, 1838. She is one of three children in the family of Jacob 
and Margaret (Passage) Mills. Mr. and Mrs. Somes have a family of three 
children — Eugene S., Ettie J. and Nathaniel W. Mr. Somes has been a mem- 
ber of the I. 0. 0. F. for about eighteen years, and has passed all the chairs. 
He is the son of Samuel and Mary (Barnes) Somes, of New York, and is next 
to the youngest of eight children, all of whom are living, subject being born 
March 10, 1834. Mr. Somes served actively in the Regulator movement, and 
is a substantial farmer and citizen. 

ANDREW J. TAGGART is the son of James and Sarah (McCasson) 
Taggart, of Salem County, N. J., who moved in 1823 or 1824 to Muskingum 
County, Ohio, where Andrew J., one of nine children, was born May 18, 
1829. James Taggart died in Licking County, Ohio, in 1837, after residing 
there two years. Mrs. Sarah Taggart subsequently went to Fairfield County, 
Ohio, where her death occurred May 29, 1869. They were both descendants 
of Quaker families, and Mr.' Taggart followed tailoring in the early part of his 
life, but latterly became a farmer. In 1853. Andrew J. Taggart started from 
Hebron, Licking Co., Ohio, overland to California, in company with four others. 
While in Salt Lake Valley, the Mormons threatened to prosecute them for 
burning timber on Government land, the Mormons claiming it as their own. 
In California Mr. Taggart kept a trailing-post near the summit of the Sierra 
Range, about two months, during which time he met with an adventure with a 



BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. 309 

grizzly bear. For three years he was engaged in mining, then returned to 
LickiniT County, Ohio, arriving December 31, 1856. He came to this town- 
ship in 1857, and was- married, February -t, 1858, to Helen M. Gould. She 
was born September 5, 18-39, in Marion County, Ohio, and her parents, natives 
respectively of Vermont and Ohio, were Hiram and Abigail (Brundage) Gould. 
Mr. and Mrs. Taggart had five children, three now living — Jennie A., Hiram 
J. and Frank. iVIrs. Taggart died April 7, 1873, and Mr. Taggart was mar- 
ried to Nancy J. Schermerhorn June 21, 1877. She was born in this county 
March I'i, 1855. Her parents 'were Michael and Mary (Poynter) Schermer- 
horn. Maud A. is the only child of the subject and wife. Mr. Taggart is a 
member of the I. 0. 0. F., which order he joined in California. 

JAMES THOMPSON was born in Marion County, Ohio, December 11. 
1835, and is the eldest child of Joel and Lucinda (Odle) Thompson. The lat- 
ter was born July 21, 1810, in Maryland. Her father, William Odle, served 
in the war of 1812, and was stationed several months at Fort Wayne. Joel 
Thompson, a native of Pennsylvania, born February 26, 1813, was orphaned 
at an early age, but cared for until the age of thirteen by an uncle, John 
Thompson, by whom he was taken to Marion County, Ohio, and afterward lived 
with James Dota until he became of age. He was married, February 9, 1835, 
and settled on eighty acres of land given him by Mr. Dota in Marion County. 
In 1842, he sold out and came to this county ; bought eighty acres of land on 
Brushy Prairie, built a house and began clearing. He again sold in 1854, and 
came to this township ; bought a farm of eighty acres ; sold in 1862, and 
removed to La Grange, where he died December 28, 1868. Mrs. Lucinda 
Thompson died at the home of the subject in this township May 2, 1875. She 
was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. James Thompson was com- 
monly educated and reared on his father's farm. November 2, 1859, he was 
married to Miss Patience Clark, who was born in Fulton County, N. Y., 
August 5, 1835. the daughter of John Y. and Hester (Westbrook) Clark. They 
have two childrem — Clara B. and Lenora. For six years Mr, Thompson farmed 
on shares for his father, then removed to Johnson Township, this county. In 1871, 
he bought the farm of eighty acres in this township where he continues to reside. 

EDWARD W. VALENTINE is the son of John and Sarah (Talbott) 
Valentine, natives of Maryland. In earl}' manhood, John Valentine went to 
Fairfield County, Ohio, where he owned a farm and was married. About 1828, 
he moved to Seneca County, Ohio, entered 160 acres, and lived there until his 
death, which occurred in October, 1863. He served in the war of 1812. Mrs. 
Sarah Valentine died in November, 1867. They were both members of the M. 
E. Church, and had a family of ten children. Edward W. was born in Seneca 
County, Ohio, March 5, 1832, and, until he became of age, worked on the home 
fai*m ; after which, he farmed for his father eleven years on shares. In 1864, 
he removed to and located permanently in this township, where he owns a well- 
improved farm of 120 acres. September 6, 1855, he was married to Lydia A. 
Coon, who was born in Canada February 10, 1839, and is one of seven in the 
family of J. W. and Eliza C. (Shipman) Coon, natives of Canada. Mr. Valen- 
tine is a reliable and enterprising Republican citizen. They have had a family 
of five children — Salina B. (now Mrs. Rose), Viola V., Revilow L. (who died 
at his father's home, February 4, 1882, in his twenty-second year), Nettie M. 
and Lilly Bertha. 

DAVID VAN KIRK is a native of Westmoreland County, Penn., where 
he was born August 20, 1 827. His parents, Thomas and Eleanor (Johnson) Van 



310 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Kirk, were born in the same county — September 16, 1791, and October 17, 
1800, being tlie respective dates of their births ; ten of eleven children born to 
them are yet living. Thomas Van Kirk was in the war of 1812, moved to Rich- 
land County, Ohio, in 1830. and two years afterward entered eighty acres of 
land in Seneca County, that he subsequently traded for 160 acres of improved 
land in Huron County, Ohio. He sold this farm in 1845, and came to this 
township, built a saw and carding mill, which he was engaged in operating up 
to the time of his death, which occurred September 1. 1861. David Van Kirk 
worked in his father's mill from 1846 to 1850, and after his marriage, Novem- 
ber 2, 1851, farmed on shares several years, buying, in 1855, the farm upon 
which he now dwells. It comprises 108 acres, and the log cabin is yet standing 
where they first lived. Mr. Van Kirk, since 1848, has been a member of the 
Meridian Sun Lodge, No. 76, A., F. & A. M., and has represented the same in 
the Grand Lodge ; he also belongs to the La Grange Chapter, No. 36, R. A. M., 
of which he was High Priest four years. Mrs. Van Kirk was formerly Lucre- 
tia Newell, and was born in Wayne County, N. Y., January 27, 1828. She is 
one of eleven children born to Thomas B. and Lois (Thurston) Newell. The par- 
ents were natives of New York, ami early pioneers of La Grange County ; his 
birth occurred April 15, 1801, and hers December 3, 1802. Mr. and Mrs. 
Van Kirk have three children — Lucretia I. (now Mrs. McNutt), Lissa A. (now 
Mrs. McKibbin), and David A. The subject's mother yet survives, and is a 
resident of Iowa. 

BENJAMIN W. VESEY is one of six children in the family of William 
and Adaline (Copeland) Vesey, natives of Orange County, Vt., where also the 
subject was born February 8, 1829. William- Vesey, in 1835, emigrated to 
Lake County, Ohio, thence to Elkhart County, Ind., in 1838. Here he bought 
120 acres of land that he subsequently sold, removing to a farm ne;u- Goshen. 
He was a Democrat, and, in 1862, was elected Sheriff of Elkhart County ; 
served in the late war as a private some time, but afterward was detailed in the 
Commissary Department until he was discharged. October 3, 1872, he died at 
his home, and being a member of the A., F. & A. M., was buried with Masonic 
honors. Benjamin Vesey received a fair education, and one year attended the 
University at Greencastle, Ind. In 1849, he went overland with an ox team 
to California, where he was engaged in mining and teaming until 1851, when 
he returned to Indiana, and bought a farm in Lima Township, this county ; 
sold in 185 ), and bought one in Springfield Township in 1857, removing in 
1864 to La Grange, and settling on his present farm of 365 acres in 1865. In 
1853, February 8, he married Sarah P. Waterhouse, the daughter of Joseph 
and Esther (Penley) Waterhouse, natives of Maine, and parents of nine children. 
Sarah P. was born in Androscoggin County, Me., February 26, 1836. Mr. 
and Mrs. Vesey have a family of five children, viz., George E., William J., 
Allen J., Charles E. and John H. Mr. Vesey is a Republican, and a leading 
farmer. 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 

CHARLES L. ATWATER was born in Luzerne County, Penn., April 
11, 1843, son of Thomas S. and Hannah (Enoes) Atwater, natives of the Empire 
State. They were married in Pennsylvania, and removed to this township in 
1855. In their family were four sons — Myron, Charles L., John E. and Mon- 



IJMA TOWNSHIP. 311 

roe. The father was a blacksmith, but in this State followed farming. He 
was a Democrat, a strong Union man and a Christian. He amassed a com- 
fortable fortune, and died in 1870, and his wife in 1875. Charles L. was 
reared upon a farm and received a fiiir education. At majority he began 
farming for himself. After three years he erected a saw-mill in Van Buren 
Township, and after two years moved it to Newbury Township, where he suc- 
cessfully operated it some four years longer. He then sold out, came to Lima, 
and engaged in the furniture trade. He was burned out in 1878, and the same 
year erected two two-story brick business rooms in Lima, one of which he now 
occupies as a furniture sales room. He keeps a good line of goods, and is steadily 
increasing his business. He owns 160 acres of land in Van Buren Townsliip, 
and a nice residence in Lima. He was married to Miss Sarah Boor, Septem- 
ber 8, 1870 : a native of Illinois, and born July 4, 1850. Three children have 
been born to them — Artimus S., Gussie and Jennie M. 

HENRY H. BASSLER, son of John and Barbara (Hostettler) Bassler, 
natives of Lancaster County. Penn., and descendants of Swiss ancestors. Henry 
H. was born in Lancaster County, Penn., August 18, 182-t, but his parents dying 
when he was a boy he resided with relatives until manhood, working at farm- 
ing. He received but a common-scl\ool education, and November 11, 1845, was 
married to Elizabeth Rohrer, born in Washington County, Md., July 11, 1824. 
Soon after Mr. Bassler moved to Erie County, Penn., where he resided until the 
spring of 1860, and then removed to La Grange County, locating in Green- 
field, where he lived until 1868, and then moved to Lima. Mr. Bassler has 
always followed farming, with the exception of seven years, when he was en- 
gaged in grain trade. He owns 108 acres of good land, besides valuable town 
property in Lima. He has, by his own endeavors, worked his way from a poor 
boy to a substantial citizen. In politics he is a Republican, and has held va- 
rious township positions. He and wife are the parents of three children — Ja- 
cob R.. Aaron C. and Susan H. Only the last named is now living. She is 
the wife of John Lazenby, and resides in Lima Township. 

PETER BEISEL, son of Peter and Mary (Carver) Beisel, natives of 
Pennsylvania, where they were raised and married. The father was a hatter, 
and soon after his marriage engaged in mercantile pursuits in Gettysburg, Penn., 
but at the end of a few years removed to Baltimore, where he met with business 
reverses, and in 18-30 came to White Pigeon, Mich., and the succeeding year 
moved his family there, where they ever afterward made their home. Mr. 
Beisel had accumulated considerable property at the time of his death, in 1839. 
He and wife had four sons and one daughter. The subject of this biography 
was born in Adams County, Penn., February 26, 1814. He lived at home until 
about twenty-two years eld. In 1887, he came to Lexington, in Greenfield 
Township, and engaged in mercantile business with A. K. Brower. In 1848, 
he sold out and then erected a grist-mill. In 1853, he sold this and purchased, 
where he now lives, 420 acres of fine farming and grazing land. Mr. 
Beisel is a Republican, was formerly a Whig, served in the Black Hawk war, 
and was the first Postmaster at Lexington. He was married, August 18, 1839, 
to Margaret Ellison, born in Ireland August 10, 1816. To them were born 
ten children — Mary S., Margaret A., Julia L., Rebecca, Andrew M., Thomas 
J., living; and Sarah J., Elizabeth F., Francis J. and George W., deceased. 
Mrs. Beisel died February 24, 1871. 

SAMUEL BURNELL is one of the oldest resident citizens in the 
county, born in Yorkshire, England, December 24, 1809. His parents, Will- 



312 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

iam and Hannah (Haller) Burnell, were natives of Yorkshire, and had a fam- 
ily of twelve children. In 1829, our subject emigrated to the United States, 
and for about a year worked by the month for John Coats, a farmer near Whit© 
Pigeon, Mich. In 1830, Thomas Burnell, a brother of Samuel, came to the 
United States, and soon after the two brotliers went to Greenfield Township, 
where Samuel preempted 160 acres of land on English Prairie. About this 
time, the parents emigrated to this country and located at White Pigeon, where, 
in 1837, the father died, aged seventy-three years, and his wife three years 
later, aged sixty-five. Samuel worked on a farm and at the carpenter's trade 
some years after coming to this county, investing his savings in land. He 
lived upon his farm in Greenfield Township some twenty-five years, with the 
exception of the years 1836 and 1837, which he spent as contractor and builder 
in Milwaukee, Wis. In 1862, he rented his fiirm and moved to Lima. April 
4. 1839, he married Miss Mary A. Mason, born in New York State, Novem- 
ber 29, 1817. They have three children — Ellen, John and Jennie. Mr. Bur- 
nell helped to organize and was a director of the Indiana State Bank, of Lima, 
and is a large stockholder in the present Lima Bank. He is a Republican, a 
member of the Episcopal Church, and a most worthy citizen. 

DANIEL W. COLE was born in Wayne County, N. Y., August 22, 
1822, a- son of Peter J. and Amy (Corwin) Cole, natives of the Empire State, 
where they were married, and in 1830 moved to near Detroit, Mich., which 
became their old home. The father was a farmer, and a hard-working, sober 
and well-respected citizen. Daniel W. is one of five children. When but a small 
boy his mother died, and at the age of nineteen he left home and began life's 
battle on his own responsibility. In 1840, he came to Lima, purchased a 
threshing machine, and for twenty seasons followed threshing. After some 
time, by close economy, he was enabled to purchase a small piece of land. He 
has increased his acres, and now owns 400 well-improved in Lima Township, 
and 110 acres in St. Joseph County, Mich. He was married to Meloniit 
Stevens, November 26, 1846, a native of Orleans County, N. Y.. born March 
2, 1826. They had five children — Byron J., Amelia E.. Lydia. Celia and 
Cora. Mr. Cole is a member the Baptist Cliurch, and a Republican. When 
he came to Lima his wealth consisted in 25 cents, a good constitution, and a 
determination to be somebody. His present circumstances illustrate his success 
in life. 

REV. CHRISTOPHER CORY is one of the oldest settlers and best 
known citizens in the connty. He was born January 13. 1800. at Westfield, 
N. J., and is one of eight children born to Benjamin and Susanna (Denman) 
Cory, also natives of New Jersey. The father was for many years an Elder in 
the Presbyterian Church. Christopher Cory was reared upon a farm, and up 
to twenty-one years of age, had received but a good common-school education. 
He then entered an academy preparatory to the study of theology. He was 
licensed to preach when twenty-six years of age, and one year later was ordained 
a minister of the Presbyterian Church. Soon after, he was assigned a charge 
in a mining district of Pennsylvania, where he labored some time, and then 
went to Orange County, N. Y. In 1832, he was sent by the Home Missionary 
Society of the Presbyterian Church as an evangelist to labor among the In- 
dians and early settlers of Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana. Ho 
began at Lima, Ind., and at the end of the fourth year was able to report to 
the society the organization of eight churches. He continued to work until 
1848, when from a throat difficulty he was compelled to quit active service. In 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 313 

1827, he married Miss Mary H. Baker, born Iq Westfield, N. J., May 2, 1801. 
To this union were born four children — William B., James R., Mary P. and 
Henry M. Mrs. Cory died April 13, 1877 ; she was a most worthy Christian 
lady. Mr. Cory lives with a son upon the old homestead, and has the respect 
of all who know him. 

JOHN CRAIG (deceased), one of the old pioneers of La Grange County, 
Ind., was born in Pennsylvania December 23, 1784, and was there reared to 
manhood. He married Miss Jane Derr, who was born in the same State in 
1796, and to them were born the following children : James, Esther, Joseph, 
Serena, John, Robert and Mary. In 1835, they left their native State and 
started West to obtain a new home. They stopped one year in Crawford County, 
Ohio ; then came to La Grange County, and located on the farm now owned by 
Augustus Hamilton in Lima Township. The country at that time was an almost 
unbroken forest with wild animals in abundance. Mr. Craig was a poor man 
when he arrived here, but went to work with success. He had the confidence 
and respect of his friends and neighbors. He died December 1. 1875, at the 
advanced age of ninety-one years. His widow yet survives him and resides in 
Lima Township at the age of eighty-six years. The following are sketches of 
four of the sons : 

James Craig was born in Columbia County, Penn., April 1, 1820. He 
was reared on a farm and assisted his parents in their labors. He always lived 
with his parents, and in this way the father and sons worked together, but now 
the sons each own separate farms. James owns 160 acres of good land. He 
is a Republican, a member of the Baptist Church, and an enterprising citizen. 

Joseph Craig was born September 23, 1823, in Columbia County, Penn., 
and, in 1836, came with his parents to this county where he has since resided. 
He received a common-school education, and February 1, 1855, married Miss 
Louisa R. Stevens, born in Orleans County, N. Y., February 28, 1833. To 
this union were born two children — Edith L. and James E. The mother died 
May 1, lr"<81. She was a good wife, a kind and loving mother and a Christian. 
Her death was mourned by a large circle of friends. Joseph Craig is a Repub- 
lican. He owns 100 acres of well-improved land, and is a successful farmer of 
Lima Township. 

John F. D. Craig was born in Columbia County, Penn., April 17, 1830, 
and was reared upon a farm, and received his education in the log schoolliouse. 
He was united in marriage with Miss Augusta L. Bishop .January 20, 1857, 
who was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., March 29, 1832. To them have been 
born four children, viz.', Edward D., Gertrude A. and Edith M., living; and 
Frances E., deceased. Mr. Craig owns 236 acres of well-improved land. He 
raises good stock of all kinds, and is a practical and successful farmer in Lima 
Township: He is a Republican, and he and wife are hospitable, public-spirited 
people. 

Robert Craig was born in Columbia County, Penn., and reared in Lima 
Township. He married Miss Jennette Keith December 12, 1865, who was born 
in Lima Township March 3, 1843, a daughter of Sidney and Sophia (Wilder) 
Keith, who were among the first settlers of the county. Robert Craig followed 
farming, and was much respected. He died September 27, 1877. To him and 
wife were born two children, viz., Alton K. and Jennie J. Mrs. Craig resides 
upon the old homestead, and is a lady of social and moral worth. The Craig 
family stand well in the county, and are appreciated for their unassuming ways, 
goodness of heart, and strict integrity. 



314 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

JOHN CRAIG. This gentleman was born in Columbia County, Penn.. 
February 1, 1826. He is the son of Joseph and Sarah Craig, both natives of 
the Keystone State. John was reared upon a farm, receiving a common-school 
education, and December 26, 1865, was united in marriage to Miss Sarah A. 
Johnston. She was born in the same county as her husband, June 5, 1829. 
To them have been born two children, viz.: Sarah E. and Joseph S. In 
18-57, came to this county, which he has since made his home. He began life 
as a poor boy and is a self-made man. He is a Democrat, but liberal in his 
views. He owns 160 acres of good land and is a respected and useful citizen. 

WILLIAM CRAIG was born in Columbia County, Penn., November 5. 
1827, a son of Joseph and Sarah Craig. His father was born in North- 
umberland County, Penn., in 1800, and his mother in Luzerne County, 
Penn., in 1797. They were reared and married in their native State, 
and to them were born three sons and three daughters. Joseph Craig 
was a farmer and an honorable man ; he died in 1845, but his widow 
is yet living. William Craig received only a common-school education. 
On the death of his father he took charge of the home farm, and has since 
cared for his aged mother, who lives with him as does also a sister. In 1854, 
he first came to Lima, Ind., but after two years returned, and in 1857 brought 
his mother here, where he purchased 240 acres of land. This property has 
since been divided among the heirs, our subject now owning 120 acres; this he 
has nicely improved. Mr. Craig is a practical and successful farmer and stock- 
raiser. He has always been a Democrat and still works in tlie ranks of that 
party. 

GEORGE H. DAYTON, M. D., is one of the oldest and most successful 
practitioners of medicine in Northern Indiana; was born in Newark, N. J., 
January 15, 1824, the only child born to George C. and Phoebe W. (Little) 
Dayton, both natives of that State. This family of Daytons are descended 
from one Ralph Dayton, who came from Bedfordshire, England, in 1673, and 
located on Long Island. His descendants have been called upon to fill positions 
of honor and trust in different States and under the Federal Government, and 
the name is one of the most widely known in the country. George C. Dayton 
held an Ensign's Commission in the State Militia of New Jersey, and" was for 
many years engaged in the mercantile business in the city of New York. It 
was from the schools there that our subject graduated at the early age of fifteen 
years. He then entered the Literary Department of the University of that 
city, where he remained some three years, when he began the study of medicine 
with Dr. Valentine Mott, and in 1845 graduated in medicine. In 1846, he 
came to Ontario, this county, and practiced until 1879, when he moved to 
Lima. September 20, 1864, he married Miss Louisa Thompson, born in Mor- 
ris County, N. J., November 24, 1834. To them two children have been born, 
viz.: George and Mary. Dr. Dayton is a Republican and a member of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church. He is a member of the different medical asso- 
ciations of Indiana and Michigan, and of the National Medical Association. 
He is a close student of pathology, as he finds it in nature, and has been a 
leader in the use of new and rational remedies. 

WILLIAM II. DEPUY was born in Sullivan County, N. Y., July 19, 
1818; his parents were Moses M. and Elizabeth (Hedges) DePuy, natives of 
Long Island, N. Y., where they were married and shortly after moved to Sul- 
livan County, and thence to Livingston County, N. Y., in 1813, and in 1836 
they moved to Marshall County, Mich. After a time they removed to Wiscon- 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 315 

sin, and then returned to Michigan, where they afterward died. Mr. DePuy 
was a tanner and currier, also a shoemaker. He and wife were parents of thir- 
teen children. William H., at sixteen, served at the brick and stone-mason 
and plasterer's trade. In 1834, he came to Sturgis, Mich., and purchased a 
farm. He taught school in the village of Sturgis the winter of 1834—35. In 
1844, he came to Lima. In 1851, he went overland to California, where he 
rained and worked at his trade until 1858, when he came b;ick and engaged in 
mercantile pursuits in Lima. Since 1861, Mr. DePuy has been engaged in 
various callings. He is a Republican, and has been Postmaster of Lima seven 
years, and Justice of the Peace of Lima Township twelve years. Mr. DePuy 
was married September 3, 1845, to Harriet A. Ranson, born in Connecticut in 
September, 181tj, and died May 21, 1869. Their children were Harriet, 
Charles, Helen, Lyman, Harrison, James, Marv and Ellen. March 5, 1872, 
Mr. DePuy married his present wife, Mrs. Lydia Favourite, born in Elkhart 
County, Ind., March 15, 1842. Mr. DePuy is a Mason, and his son Charles 
served four years in quelling the rebellion. 

NEWTON ENOE is a native of Hartford County, Conn., born Septem- 
ber 11, 1799, one of four children to Oliver and Electa (Colton) Enoe, natives 
respectively of Connecticut and Massachusetts. The mother dying when New- 
ton was an infant he was raised by his grandmother until old enough to work 
for himself. He learned the tanners and currier's trade, and worked at that a 
numljer of years. In 1823, he married Electa Walker, a native of Vermont, 
and in 1835 emigrated to Elkhart County, Ind., where his wife died soon after- 
ward, leaving two sons — Newton G. and Orange W. In 1845, Mr. Enoe re- 
moved to La Grange County. His present wife was Miss Elizabeth Blair, 
born in Ross County, Ohio, November 11, 1809, daughter of Benjamin and 
Elizabeth (Houlton) Blair, natives of Pennsylvania, who removed to Defiance 
County, Ohio, in 1824, and in 1828 removed to La Grange County, locating 
about a mile west of the present site of Lima. They had four children — Fran- 
cis A., A. H., Benjamin H. and Elizabeth, only the last named, Mrs. Enoe, 
living. In 1832, Mr. Blair died of cholera. Newton Enoe was formerly a 
Whig, and became a Republican on the organization of that party. Mrs. 
Enoe is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has bravely shared all ad- 
versities and labors with her husband in building the home with which they are 
blessed. 

TIMOTHY FIELD was born June 8, 1811, in Windham County, Vt., 
son of Timothy and Welthy (Bishop) Field, natives of Madison, Conn. The 
father was a graduate of Yale College, and a Congregational minister. In about 
1800, he went to Canandaigua, N. Y., and built the first church in that place. 
He remained in this field of labor some seven years, when he moved to Wind- 
ham County, Vt., where he ever after resided. He was twice mai-ried. By the 
first wife there were five children, and by the second, three. Our subject at 
fourteen years of age entered Canandaigua Academy, where he remained two 
years, and then aecepted a position as clerk in his brother's store. He remained 
in Ontario County, N. Y., engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1838, when he 
came to this county, purchased a tract of land which he cleared and nicely im- 
proved. Since 1872, he has been engaged in merchandising. He was married 
to Mi.ss Hannah Mosher in 1840. She was born in Romulus, N. Y., May 9, 
1809, and died December 13, 1871. Mr. Field married Miss Ellea L. Foote 
October 31, 1874. She was born in Mount Morris, N. Y., March 3, 1849. 
They had two children, viz., Timothy B. and Gertrude E. Mr. Field was twice 



316 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

elected to the Legislature of the State. Was Enrolling and Draft Commissioner 
for La Grange County during the late war, and has held the office of County 
Commissioner three years, besides other offices. He is the Postmaster at On- 
tario, and a member of the Congregational Church, and in politics a Republican. 

ABBOTT FLEMING was born in Sus.sex County, N. J., November 25, 
181-3. This family of Flemings are descended from one Malcolm Fleming, 
who died in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1736. He had three sons — Tliomas, 
William and Andrew, who, in 1751, came to America and settled in Hunterdon 
County, N. J. Thomas had three children — Thomas, James and Margaret. 
William had one son — Andrew ; and he, five children — William, Eleanor, Mar- 
tha, Malcolm and Margaret. William, the eldest, is the ftither of our subject. 
He was a native of New Jersey, also his wife, Elizabeth Cook. The father 
passed almost his lifetime near Alexandria, N. J., where he was engaged in 
agricultural pursuits. He was for many years a Trustee and Elder of the Pres- 
byterian Church. He died in 1833. To him and wife were born the follow- 
ing : Eleanor, Jacob C, Thomas, Andrew, William, Joanna, Tylee and Abbott. 
Our subject was brought up on a farm. When about seventeen years of age, 
he began working at the stone-mason and plasterer's trades, and after his ap- 
prenticeship, engaged in business for himself. In 1837, he came to this county 
and settled on the farm he now owns in Lima Township. May 6, 1837, he mar- 
ried Miss Margaret Semple, born near Glasgow, Scotland, November 16, 1815. 
To them was born a son — William. They also adopted a daughter — Eliza J., 
wife of David Leighton. William, their son, has been twice married. His 
first wife was Mary J. Howard, who was the mother of his only child — Oren A. 
His second wife was Mary A. Craig. Abbott Fleming is a stanch Republican, 
and an Elder in the Lima Baptist Church. 

ASA E. GANIARD was born in Ontario County, N. Y., August 31, 
1833, the son of Silas and Lucinda (Wilder) Ganiard, natives of Bristol, On- 
tario Co., N. Y. They were married in their native State and removed to 
Hillsdale County, Mich., in early times, which became their permanent home. 
They had five children, whom they reared in a creditable manner, giving them 
such advantages as their means afforded. Asa E. remained on the home farm 
until twenty-three years of age. He was married to Miss Jane Keith July 3, 
1856. This lady was born in Lima Township April 9, 1838, the daughter of 
Sidney and Sophia (Wilder) Keith, natives of New York State and among the 
first settlers of La Grange County. Mr. Keith was well and favorably known, 
and among the first County Commissioners. By our subject's marriage to Miss 
Keith, there has been born to them four children, viz. : William B., James W., 
Asa E. and Sidney K. In 1859, Mr. Ganiard came to this township and 
engaged in farming and stock-raising. In 1864, he went overland to the Pa- 
cific Slope, making his home in California and Oregon five years, during which 
time he was at work in quartz mills. Since his return he has followed farming. 
He owns 120 acres of well improved land in Lima Township. He is a stanch 
Republican and possesses good social qualities. 

WILLIAM HILL was born in Derbyshire, England, September 1, 1821, 
son of Thomas and Mary (Peat) Hill, natives of England. The father was a 
carpenter, and in 1831 emigrated, with his family, to Pennsylvania. In 1835, 
he moved to Michigan, and in about three years removed to Cook County, 111., 
and then returned to Michigan, near Sturgis, where he engaged in farming. 
William Hill, at twenty-one years of age, learned the molder's trade, and 
after working four years in Sturgis came to Lima, then went to Coldwater. 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 317 

In 1848, he returned to Lima, and two years later purchased the Lima Found- 
ry, which he operated, in connection with A. L. Taylor, until the spring of 
1861. Mr. Hill then sold his interest and engaged in the hardware and dry 
goods trade. After the winter of 1863, he dealt in real estate about two years, 
and then again engaged in hardware trade — during this time carrying on his 
farming. He continued the hardware trade alone and in partnership with 
Joseph Bunnell until 1878, when he sold out and has since been farming and 
operating in real estate. Mr. Hill is in good circumstances. He owns 450 
acres of land in La Grange County, 250 in Michigan, besides some in Kansas 
and valuable town property in Lima. He is a Republican. June 20, 1847. 
he married Miss Lucinda Sparks, born in Genesee County, N. Y., June 29, 
1830. To them have been born three children — Ellen, February 13, 1853; 
James W., January 13, 1857; and Mary I., August 5, 1858. 

GEORGE and LEVI HORNING. George Horning was born in 
Cumberland County, Penn.,July 24, 1811, and Levi in the same county, January 
29, 1823. sons of George and Susanna (Myers) Horning, natives of Lancaster 
County, Penn.jwho were married in their native county, and soon after moved to 
Cumberland County, and in 1849 came to Lima Township, where they after- 
ward resided. They had a family of two sons and two daughters, and were 
industrious and intelligent people. George and Levi, after their parents' death, 
took charge of the home place, which became theirs. The two brothers farmed 
in common, sharing equally. George has always remained single, and in early 
life learned and worked at the blacksmith's trade. Levi was married to Miss 
Rachel Zeigler, July 4, 1856. She was born in Cumberland County, Penn.. 
April 11, 1826. From this union there are six children, viz.: Manuel, Ezra, 
Cornelius, Mary, Frederick and Albert. Levi Horning departed this life Jan- 
uary 18, 1874. He was a kind husband and father, and was universally re- 
spected. George resides upon the old homestead with his brother's widow. 
The Hornings are among the most worthy people of the county. 

JOHN B. HOWE, born of English parents in the city of Boston, March 
3, 1813, was destined by force of character, and by natural ability, to achieve 
his present honored position. His father, the Rev. James B. Howe, an elo- 
quent minister of the Episcopal Church, and his beloved mother, whose maiden 
name was Sarah Badlam (the name having been changed from Bedlow, in re- 
cording an early deed), were Puritans, who gave fair education to their family 
of eight children. The father was a graduate of Harvard College, and aii 
earnest advocate of education and morals. Stephen Badlam was Brigadier 
General of militia, who joined the Colonial army in 1775, and the following 
year, as Major of artillery, took possession, July 4, of the point which, from 
this circumstance, was named Mount Independence. After the war, he located 
at Dorchester, where he became Magistrate, and Deacon of the Church. At the 
age of sixteen, John B. Howe entered Trinity College, from which institution 
he graduated at the age of nineteen. This was in 1832, and in autumn of the 
same year he went to Detroit, thence to Marshall, Mich., and in 1833 he moved 
to Lima. He had read law in Michigan, was subsequently admitted to the 
bar, and for a number of years practiced with success. Of late years he has 
been engaged in banking. He is the author of several volumes on Political 
Economy and Finance, his logic and research securing the commendations of 
able critics. He was a member of the State Legislature of 1840, representing 
the counties of Steuben, De Kalb, Noble and La Grange ; and, in 1850, was a 
member of the Indiana State Constitutional Convention, at which time, he, as 



318 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

a Whig, advocated measures regarding the slave, identical with those afterward 
adhered to by the minority of Justices in the Dred Scott decision. In 1846, 
Mr. Howe was married to Miss Frances Gidden, a native of the Granite State, 
who was born in 1825. Mr. Howe has a beautiful home, and enjoys that satis- 
faction resulting from a life of charity and humanity. 

MRS. SARAH A. HUDSON was bom December 10. 182-3, in. Port Gib- 
son, Ontario County, N. Y., daughter of Stephen and Normanda (Finney) Ailing. 
The father was a native of New York and the mother of Connecticut. They 
were married in the Empire State and were the parents of two children. Mrs. 
Hudson received a common-school education, and remained at home until her 
marriage with Mr. Isaac G. Hudson, which occurred, October 8, 1850. He 
was born in Chatham, Columbia County, N. Y., March 31, 1819, and soon 
after his marriage moveil to Wayne County, N. Y., remaining there until 1854, 
when he moved to this county, and purchased the farm now Mrs. Hudson's 
home. In less than a year after their arrival in this county Mr. Hudson died. 
He was a man of extended information, and a graduate of the Weslyan Sem- 
inary, of Lima, N. Y. His death was a great loss. In his family were the 
following children : Sarah .J., Pliny E. and Isaac G. Mrs. Hudson's old 
homestead comprises 200 acres of well improved land. Pliny E. has the man- 
agement of it, and is a practical and successful farmer. He is a Republican, 
enterprising and public spirited. 

ELIAS KEPLINGER was born November 9, 1815, in Washington 
County, Md., one of a family of nine sons and three daughters born to Joseph 
and Catharine (Snyder) Keplinger, natives of Maryland. The parents moved 
to Virginia, near Harper's Ferry, soon after tlioir marriage, and from there, in 
1832. to Tuscarawas County, Ohio. Here the father died at the age of eighty- 
four years. His widow survives him. and is eighty-si.x. Elias Keplinger was 
brought up to farm labor. He married Miss Emily Hoverstock, in 1842. She 
was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, January 25, 1825. They had seven 
children, four of whom are yet living, viz. : Catharine, Mary E., Charles H. 
and Etta M. Mrs. Keplinger died February 22, 1865. Mr. Keplinger mar- 
ried Miss Lydia A. Medaugh, a native of Tuscarawas County, Ohio, for his 
second wife. She died, Decembers. 1878. December 11, 1879, he was united 
in marriage with Miss Lizzie Fridlie, born in the canton of Berne, Switzer- 
land, May 13, 1844. Mr. Keplinger came to this county in 1864, and pur- 
chased his present farm. He began life as a poor boy, and is a self-made man. 
He is a Republican, a member of the M. E. Church, and a successful farmer 
and stock grower. 

OMAR A. KIMBALL, was born in Orland, Steuben Co., Ind.. November 
9, 1837. He is the son of Augustus Kimball, a native of the Empire State, 
who came with his parents to Calhoun County, Mich., in 1833. After two 
jears the family removed to Orland, where the grandfather of our subject 
■erected one of the first grist-mills in Northeastern Indiana. Here Augustus 
Kimball married Miss Eliza Eaton, and to them were born three children. He 
has been engaged in farming and milling at Orland for some time. Omar A. 
Kimball received a common-school education, and when fourteen years old was 
apprenticed to the blacksmith's trade, serving a term of five years at $o per 
month. After he had learned his trade, he worked in Orland some time, and 
then went to Sturgis, Mich., and worked over three years. In 1857, he came 
to Lima, but soon after went West, stopping two years in Kansas. He then 
returned to Lima, and worked at his trade until 1862, when he enlisted in 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 319 

Company C, One Hundredth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He became regi- 
mental blacksmith, and served until the close of the war. Since his return 
from the army, he has worked at his trade in Lima. He was married, January 
18, 1861, to Mrs. Emily L. Morse, born in Williamson, N. Y., May 27, 1829, 
to Zimri and Vashti (Overton) Atwater, who removed from New York State to 
Lima Township, in 1835. They were the parents of nine children. There 
was one child born to Mrs. Kimball by her first marriage, viz. : Loren. From 
her union with Mr. Kimball there were two, viz. : Lillie and Charley. Mr. 
Kimball owns a large two-story brick building where he carries on his trade. 
He owns a nice home property, and is doing a good business. He is a 
Republican. 

J. CALVIN KINNEY, is a native of Burlington, Vt., and is of Scotch 
descent. The family came to the United States during the seventeenth 
century. The grandfather of our subject assisted the Colonies in their struggle 
for independence, and two of his sons served in the war of 1812 — one as a 
Captain. .John C. Kinney was a machinist, and when a young man worked at 
his trade in New York, wihere he married Miss Amy Rowley, and soon after- 
ward moved to Burlington, Vt. After some years, he removed to Huron 
County, Ohio, and in 18-32 started on horseback through Indiana. He returned 
to Ohio the same year, and in 1833 moved his family to Lima, and ever after- 
ward made La Grange County his home. For some years he carried the mail 
on horseback from Toledo through to Fort Defiance, White Pigeon and other 
places, and, while engaged at this, died. J. Calvin Kinney was born January 
3, 1828. When seventeen years old, he learned the shoemaker's trade. After 
working at this eight years, and farming three years, he came to Lima. In 
18.55, removed with his family to Minnesota, but returned in three years. Mr. 
Kinney assisted in the organization of the First National Bank of Lima, and 
engaged in banking, brokerage, collecting and dealing in real estate, and has 
arisen to a position of wealth and comfort. He was married, February 22, 
1848, to Miss Teressa Griffeth, who was born in Wayne County, N. Y., July 27, 
182w. To this union were born seven daughters — Alice T., Amy E., Arroma 
L., Amelia M., Annettie D., Ada C. and Annie L. 

JOHN R. KIRBY was born in Leicestershire, Eng., March 2, 1802, one 
of eleven children born to John and Charlotte (Reddals) Kirby, who emigrated 
to this country in 1831 and settled in Lake County, Ohio. They were mem- 
bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. John R., when young, began work- 
ing at hosiery making. He came to this country with his parents and engaged 
in firming near Painesville, Ohio. He was married in England, in 1829, to 
Miss Hannah Kirby. They hail two children — Albert, who died at seven 
years of age, and Amy L., who died May 18, 1861. Siie married John Tay- 
lor, of Lima. They had one child. Mrs. Hannah Kirby died in 1847. On 
the 5th of October, 1859, he married Mrs. Abigail W. (Charter) Durand, born 
in Burton, Ohio, Mav 13, 1815. They had three sons, viz.: Burritt E., 
Charles P. and James A. The latter is the only one living. He was born in 
1853, and married Miss Emma White in 1879. She was born in Lancaster, 
Penn., in 1858. All the Durand boys received a liberal education, Burritt E. 
graduating from the Iron City College, at Pittsburgh, Penn., July 14, 1865. 
James A. is engaged in the drug trade at Lima. Mr. John R. Kirby came 
to Lima in 1859, and after about three years engaged in the drug trade. 
In 1878. ill health compelled him to retire. He and his wife are members of 
the M. E. Church. 



320 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

ALONZO D. MOHLER, A. M. and A. B., is a native of Montgomery 
County, Ohio, born January 26, 1848. His ancestors were from Germany, 
who came to this country in the eighteenth century. His father, Amos Mohler, 
was a native of the Keystone State and his mother (Maria Rasor) of Ohio. 
They were married in the Buckeye State and had ten children, of whom Aloiizo 
D. was the eldest. The father, in early life, learned the carpenter trade and 
after his marriage took up contracting and building. He worked at his trade 
in Dayton, Ohio, a number of years, and then engaged in mercantile pursuits 
in Shelby County, Ohio. In 1865, he moved to lluntington, Ind., where he 
now resides. He is a man of intelligence and greatly aided in the remodeling 
of the old school law of Ohio. Alonzo D. Mohler learned the carpenter trade 
with his father ; after which he served an apprenticeship at cabinet-making. 
Up to the time he was twenty years of age he had received common education. 
After some private instruction, he entered Asbury University, at Greencastle, 
Ind., and in 1873 received the degree of Bachelor of Arts and in 1876 that 
of Master of Arts. Soon after graduating, he took charge of the Muncie High 
School, and after one year came to La Grange to take charge of its public 
schools, which he has raised to their present high standard. He left the La 
Grange school and was given charge of the Lima school, with four assistant 
teachers. He was united in marriage with Miss Albina Davies January 1, 
1874; born in Huntington County, Ind., July 27, 1850. To them have been 
born two daughters, viz.: Inez and Ruth. Mr. Mohler is a Republican and a 
member of the M. E. Church. 

CHARLES G. NICHOLS, son of Drusus and Rebecca B. (Graves) 
Nichols, who were born, raised and married in Sherman, Litchfield County, 
Conn. In 1834, Mr. Nichols came to La Grange County ,^and purchased the 
mill at Mongo (or Union Mills). He operated this some two years, during 
which time he purchased a tract of land, and then returned to Connecticut for his 
family. Mr. Nichols was a thorough business man, and was largely engaged 
in farming, milling and mercantile pursuits, at one time owning a commission 
warehouse in Fort Wayne. He assisted in building the old plank road in La 
Grange County, and was on hand where enterprise was required. Charles G. 
was born September 13, 1835, in Litchfield County, Conn., and is the only 
survivor of three children. At the age of nine years he returned from Indi- 
ana to his native State, where he remained until eighteen, receiving a good 
common-school education. He was married, June 21, 1859, to Miss Ellen Bur- 
nell, who was born on English Prairie, La Grange County, May 8, 1840, and 
to them have been born the following family : Drusus B., Mary, Charles S., 
Samuel B.. Morse F. and Gunther. Mr. Nichols lived in Greenfield Township 
until within the past year, when he removed to Lima to educate his children. 
He is a Republican, and has held the position of County Real Estate Ap- 
praiser. He owns 450 acres of good land. 

SAMUEL S. PARKER was born in the city of Philadelphia, in 1817, 
son of Samuel Parker, a native of the Bay State, who. during the war of 1812, 
went to Philadelphia to work at carpentering, and there married Miss Sarah 
Long, a native of Nova Scotia. He worked at his trade in Petersburg, Va., 
and at other points, till 1818, when he moved to Columbia City, Penn., and sub- 
sequently to Genesee County, N. Y. In 1833, he came to Lima Township, 
with four double teams and a one horse buggy, probably the first brought to 
Lima Township. He bought a large tract of land and engaged in farming and 
stock-raising. He was a man of much more than ordinary ability, generous 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 321 

to a fault, and scrupulously honest. He died in 1857, and his wife in 1870. 
They had the following children: Lucy A., Samuel S., Lucy A., Ursula R., 
Orlinda, Romilda. George H. and Columbus C, four of whom are yet living. 
Samuel S. married Miss Orilla French, in 1854. She was born in Lake 
County, Ohio, in 1833. They had ten children, viz. : George H., Orlinda, 
Theodore, Romilda, Rosamond, Mary and Fanny, living ; George, Timoleon 
and Homer, deceased. Mr. Parker owns 600 acres of land, and has a beauti- 
ful home just across the State line, in Fawn River Township, St. Joseph 
County, Mich. As a Republican, he has held the oflSce of Justice of the 
Peace in the township in which he lives. 

JOEL SANDERSON was born in the town of Brookfield, Orange Co., 
Vt., December 26, 1816, son of James and Rebecca (Hovey) Sanderson. The 
father was the first white male child born in Woodstock, Vt. The mother was 
a native of Canterbury, Conn. They were married at Lyme, N. H., and took 
up their residence at Woodstock, Vt. In 1828, they removed to Huron 
County, Ohio. Here, September 2 of the same year, the father died. There 
were ten children — Joel being the youngest. He, soon after his father's death, 
began working out, receiving but small pay. During the winter months, he 
would work for his board and attend school. In this way, he received his edu- 
cation. His marriage with Miss Mary A. Legg occurred August 7, 1842. 
She was born in Chisleborough, England, August 11, 1816. They had eight 
children, viz.: George W., James, Wilbur F., Sarah A., Rebecca, Eva, Ase- 
nath E. and Charlotte. Mr. Sanderson came to this county in 1844, and 
purchased a farm in Greenfield Township, where he lived until 1869, when he 
purchased his present place, consisting of 280 acres, well improved. He is a 
Republican, and has held various otEcial positions. He was at one time Major 
of the Second Ohio Militia. 

GEORGE D. SEARING is the son of I. W. and Ruth B. (Upson) 
Searing. The father was born in Essex County, N. J., December 10, 1802, 
and the mother in Morris County June 26, 1808. They were married Novem- 
ber ly, 1828, and had the following children, viz. : Caroline. Noah, Angeline, 
Henrietta, George D. and Susan. Mr. Searing's mother died when he was a 
child, and he lived with friends until about twelve years of age, when he 
entered a chair factory, where he remained seven years. He then worked as a 
"jour" two years, after which he engaged in business for himself, in his native 
county, remaining there until 1837, when he came to this county, and pur- 
chased 100 acres of land on Pretty Prairie, and engaged in farming. In 1870, 
he came to Lima and embarked in the furniture trade, in which he has since 
continued. Mr. Searing is a hard-working, industrious citizen. George D. 
was born in Greenfield Township, this county, March 31, 1847. He received 
a common-school education, and married Miss Sarah Byron, January 20, 1876. 
She was boi'n in Darke County, Ohio, September 21, 1842. From this union 
there are two children — Annie and George. George D. is connected with his 
father in the furniture trade and undertaking. He is Justice of the Peace for 
Lima Township, and is a stanch Republican. 

JOHN SMITH. This gentleman was born in Clark County, Ohio, 
October 24, 1823; son of David and Elizabetii (Hurd) Smith, who came with 
their family to this township in 1833. [See biography of William Smith.] 
Our subject was reared on a farm, receiving such education as the schools of 
that early day afforded. He was united in marriage to Miss Sarah R. Parker 
March 19, 1855. This lady was born in Genesee County, N. Y., January 



322 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

12, 1827. From this union there was one child, viz.: Sarah A. Mrs. Smith 
died March 26, 1860. January 23, 1862, Mr. Smith married Miss Serena 
Craig, who was born November 19, 1827, in Columbia County, Penn. From 
their union there were two children, viz. : Mary J. and Charles C. Mr. 
Smith first voted with the Whig and then with the Republican party. He is a 
member of the Baptist Church, and a practical and successful farmer. He has 
done much to improve the stock in the county, and now has on his place as 
finely bred horses, cattle and sheep as are to be found in this locality. 

WILLIAM SMITH was born in Clark County, Ohio, January 10, 1822, 
one of ten children, to David and Elizabeth (Hurd) Smith, natives respectively 
of Virginia and Maryland, and married in Ohio. The Smiths are of Irish 
descent. David Smith served in the war of 1812, under Gen. Harrison. The 
Hurds are of German extraction, and came to Clark County, Ohio, as did also 
the Smiths, during the war of 1812. David Smith and family emigrated to 
La Grange County in 1883, locating on the farm now owned by John and Hugh 
Smith, in Lima Township, purchasing 860 acres, on which he resided until his 
death. Mr. Smith became a faithful worker with the Abolition party, and was 
among the first County Commissioners. He advocated and practiced temper- 
ance and frugality. His death was a serious loss to the community. William 
Smith received a liberal education, and for twenty years taught school winters 
and worked at farming summers. He taught the first term in the new school- 
house in Lima ; represented La Grange County in the State Legislature, in 1855 
and 1867 ; he cast the deciding vote in rechartering the " State Bank of In- 
diana," and in his second term assisted in electing 0. P. Morton to the U. S. 
Senate. For some time he has been in the lumber trade and agricultural im- 
plement business. He is a Republican, a Mason, and belongs to the Presby- 
terian Church. He was married in 1847 to Esther Craig, born in Northum- 
berland County, Penn., in 1822, and died in 1866, leaving three children — 
Senator B., Mary E. A., and John C. In 1870. Mr. Smith married Kate 
Wood, who was born in La Grange County. Ind., in 1844. To them were born 
two children — William D. and lone C. 

OSCAR J. SPAULDING was born in Windsor County, Vt., April 20, 
1824, son of Thomas and Sabra (Proctor) Spaulding. The father was born in 
Massachusetts, in 1801, and his wife in New Hampshire, in 1800. They had 
five children. Mr. Spaulding followed peddling in Vermont until 1827, when 
he moved to Wayne County, N. Y.. and engaged in the manufacture and sale 
of patent medicines. In 1835, he came to this county, remaining some time. 
He returned to Wayne County, and the following year came back to this county 
and purchased quite a tract of land. In 1837, he moved his family here, and 
engaged in farming and speculating. lie was one of the directors of the first 
bank at Lima, and was, in an early day. Associate Judge of La Grange County. 
The children were Oscar J., Wesley J. (now a Professor in an Iowa college), 
Maritta C, Antoinette H. and Lois A. Oscar J. was married to Miss Mary 
A. Tyler, September 27, 1844, and followed farming until the breaking-out of 
the rebellion. Under the first call in 1861, he enlisted as a private in Com- 
pany K, Seventy-eighth New York Volunteer Infantry, and went into active 
service in Virginia. After about six months, he was commissioned as Second 
Lieutenant, and was successively promoted through all the grades until he held 
a Colonel's commission. He was in thirty-six engagements and was twice 
wounded, remaining until the end of the war. He has a brilliant war record 
of which he may justly feel proud. After his discharge he engaged in farm- 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 323 

ing and stock-raising. He owns 335 acres of land, well improved. Mrs. Spaul- 
diti'' was born in Trenton, Mich., July 24, 1826, daughter of Isaac and Eleanor 
(Kiiapp) Tyler, who were early settlers of St. Joseph County, Mich. Mr. and 
Mr.s. Spaulding have had the following children : Mona E., Jonathan L., De 
Alton F. and Florence A. 

ROBERT D. THOMPSON was born November 19, 1828, in Morris 
County, N. J., one of five children born to Aaron and Mary (Dayton) Thomp- 
son, natives of New Jersey. The Thompson family settled in New Jersey be- 
fore the Revolutionary war, and during that long and bitter struggle they were 
active in serving the best interests of the Colonies. Aaron Thompson was a 
farmer, and in 1835 emigrated to La Grange County with his parents, locating 
in Gieenfield Township, where he resided until 1857, when he removed to 
Lima, which, ever afterward, was his home. He was a man who commanded 
the respect and confidence of his neighbors. Robert D. Thompson was fairly 
educated, and February 18, 1858, was married to Miss Mary Cooper, born in 
Morris County, N. J., September 2, 1887 ; to them have been born five children 
—Hal S., Stephen C, Mary D., Elizabeth B. and Robert H. Mr. Thompson 
resided on the farm until the spring of 1865, when he moved to Lima and en- 
gaged in the grain and produce trade. He is a Republican and has held vari- 
ous township offices. He is prospering and stands well as a business man and 
citizen. 

JONATHAN B. UPSON was born in Morris County, N. J., March 13, 
1810. one of seven children. His father, Jesse Upson, was a native of Litch- 
field County, Conn., and descended from an old New England family. He 
studied medicine, became a physician ; served in the war of 1812, and for a 
number of terms served his constituents in the State Legislature of New Jer- 
sey. He held the position of Associate -Judge of the Circuit Court in the 
district where he resided j married Mary Dayton, a native of New Jersey, and 
emigrated to La Grange County in 1838, where he afterward died. He 
Wiis twice married, his first wife, Ruth Bronson, a native of Connecticut, 
bearing him three children. Jonathan B. is a son of the second marriage; 
he was reared on a farm and received a fair education. In 1835, he came to 
Indiana, purchased land, returned home, and March 13, 1838, married Phoebe 
Dayton, who was born in New Jersey, April 5, 1818. After marriage he re- 
turned with his wife and his parents, locating in Greenfield Township ; after a 
number of years he moved to Lima. Mr. Upson began life poor, but, with his 
wife's assistance, has made a comfortable fortune. Considerable of his real 
estate he has disposed of, retaining only fifty acres, and is living a quiet and 
retired life. 

WILLIAM H. WALKER was born in Hocking County, Ohio, August 
2, 1827, son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Harman) Walker, natives of Yorkshire, 
England. They were married in Ohio, and removed from there to Elkhart 
County, Ind., in 1835. After four years, they came to Eden Township, this 
county, which became their permanent home. The father worked at black- 
smithing before coming to this State. They had a family of nine children. 
William H., after his father's death, took charge of the farm until 1862, when 
he came to this township. He was married to Miss Sarah S. Coldren .June 1, 
1851 ; she was born in Lima Township May 4, 1832, daughter of Nenniah and 
Sibel (Newton) Coldren. Mr. Coldren was a native of Pennsylvania, reared 
in Delaware County, Ohio, and came to this county in 1828. He was married 
at White Pigeon, Mich., in 1830, and lived in Lima Township until 1833, when 



324 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

he moved to Eden Township. He was the first Sheritt' of this county and was 
County Commissioner six years. Mr. and Mrs. Walker had seven children — 
Augusta S., Gertrude L., Charles J., William C. and Edward — living; Flor- 
ence and Willie — deceased. Augusta S. is married and resides at Goshen, 
Ind. Mr. Walker owns 210 acres of good land, and is a Republican. 

MRS. SARAH B. WEST was born in Connecticut Farms, N. J., 
March 6, 1819. She is the daughter of Stephen and Henrietta (Beach) 
Thompson, both of whom were natives of New Jersey. In 1836, they came 
to this county and located at Lima, where they ever after resided. Mr. 
Thompson was a Presbyterian minister, and a man of education and refine- 
ment. He did much for the cause of Christianity, and was in high repute 
with all who knew him. He reared a fiimily of five daughters, three of whom 
are yet living. Mrs. West remained at home until her marriage with Mr. 
Samuel West, March 10, 1839 This gentleman was born in Columbia County, 
N. Y. , in 1802, and came to this county in 1836. He was a farmer and stock- 
raiser, and was much respected. He died December 26, 1850. In his family 
were six children, viz.: Anna, Emma, Stephen T., Sarah. David and Charles. 
Mrs. West is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a lady who has a 
large circle of friends. 

SAMUEL P. WILLIAMS is a native of Lebanon, Conn. ; a son of 
Solomon and Martha (Baker) Williams, both 0& English descent. He was 
born in 1815, and received a fixir education. At the age of seventeen, he wont 
to White Pigeon, Mich., where for four years he was engaged in mercantile 
pursuits. He then came to Lima, where for many years he conducted one of 
the largest general stores ever in the town. Soon after his appearance there, 
he purchased 160 acres of land, a portion of which is now Williams' Addition 
to Lima. From 1848 to 1855 he owned a branch store at McDonough, 111., 
but the bulk of his mercantile and general operations was at Lima. Mr. Will- 
iams possesses both genius and talent of a high order,' and has shown remark- 
able financial ability. He now owns large banking interests at some five or 
six towns in Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana. In 1848, he was mar- 
ried to Miss Jane Hume, a native of Delaware County, N. Y., born in 1822. 
Five children have blessed this union, as follows: Rebecca, now the wife of 
Rev. Vannuys, of Goshen, Ind. ; Mary, wife of S. T. Cooper ; Ella, wife of 
Ira W. Nash, of Goshen; Catharine and Jane. Mr. Williams was at the 
treaty of Fort Dearborn (Chicago), in 1833, a delegate to the River and Har- 
bor Convention at Chicago in 1847, served in the Lower House of the State 
Legislature in 1857, and has also served as delegate to two Republican 
National Conventions. He contributed largely toward the building of the 
Grand Rapids Railroad, assisted in organizing the first bank in the county, 
founded and conducted a female seminary at Lima, and has dealt largely in 
real estate. He has a happy home and a large circle of friends. 

LEVI WOLF, Sr., is of the family of Henry and Charlotte (Rude) 
Wolf, who were born, reared and married, and who died in Lancaster County, 
Penn. They were the parents of five sons and three daughters, also born there. 
Levi was reared a farmer, receiving only such education as the common schools 
of that day afforded, his birth occurring January 5, 1809. On the 25th of 
November, 1841, he was united in marriage with Miss Fanny Zuck, who was 
born in Erie County, Penn., November 19. 1824. Mr. and Mrs. Wolf lived 
in Erie County, Penn., until 1860, when they removed to Lima Township, La 
Grange County, Ind., where they have ever since resided, farming. They 



LIMA TOWNSHIP. 325 

have been hard-working people, and are among the substantial and well-to-do 
farmers of Lima Township. Mr. Wolf is a Democrat. He owns 250 acres 
of land in Lima and Van Buren Townships, besides valuable town property in 
Lima. He and wife are parents of seven children, all living, namely : Sarah, 
David, Sophia, Levi, Eliza A., Henrietta and George W. 

HARVEY W. WOOD was born in Hartford, Vt., February 15, 1808; 
one of a family of nine children, born to James and Mary (Webster) Wood, 
the former a native of Vermont and the latter of Connecticut. They were 
married at Hartford, Vt., and followed farming. Harvey W. was reared upon 
the farm and received a good common-school education. When about eighteen 
years of age he went to Western New York, and taught school until 1835, 
when he came to Lima. He first engaged in the mercantile business, but after 
a few years began keeping hotel. He was married to Miss Mary A. Warner, 
a native of Connecticut, in 1836. This lady died in 1837. His marriage 
with Miss Lucy A. Parker occurred February 4, 1838. She was born in 
Genesee County, N. Y., April 18, 1819. From this union there were seven 
children, four of whom died in infancy. The names of those living are — An- 
toinette, lone and Catharine. Mr. Wood, previous to the Kansas-Nebraska 
trouble, voted with the Democratic party ; since, he has been a Republican. He 
was Postmaster of Lima during Polk's administration, and has held other 
positions of honor and trust. 

WILLIAM WOODWARD was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, Sep- 
tember 15, 1823. His parents, John and Barbara (Bean) Woodward, were 
born, reared and married in Mifflin County, Penn. They removed to Trum- 
bull County about the year 1822, thence, in 1837, to Section 8, in Clay Town- 
ship. John W. was a soldier of the war of 1812, and a hard-working man ; he 
followed farming. He had eight children ; seven reached their majority. Will- 
iam Woodward was reared on a form, and received but a limited education. 
His father died when he was about fifteen years of age, and soon after this he 
began working at saw-milling and carpentering ; a portion of his wages was 
applied toward supporting the family. When he was twenty-one, he purchased 
eighty acres of unimproved land in Clay Township. He was united in mar- 
riage with Miss Phebe Merriman April 9, 1848. She was born in Wayne 
County, Ohio, June 16, 1832, and died August 30, 1853. After his wife's 
death, he erected and operated a saw-mill. He was married to Mrs. Sophronia 
(Parrish) Scofield. October 25, 1855. She was born in Monroe County, N. Y., 
April 13, 1833. By his first marriage there were two children, viz. : Harriet 
L. and Mary E. By the second, six children, three of whom are yet living, 
viz. : Jerusha B., Eunice E. and Arthur J. The ones deceased were — Wallace 
W., Fayette D. and Emile F. In 1860, Mr. Woodward came to Lima Town- 
ship, where he owns 200 acres of well improved land. He also owns fifty-three 
acres in Clay Township, and 160 in Ottawa County, Kan. He is a practical 
farmer and stock-raiser, a Democrat, and a member of the Protestant Methodist 
Church. 



32() BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 



WILLIAM BAKER is a native of Hackonby, Lincolnshire, England, 
where he was born in September, 1830. He was one of a family of eight 
children born to Thomas and Mary (Franks) Baker. Six of these children 
are yet living. The father was a laborer, and with his large family suffered 
much from the English land laws. William Baker, in March, 1851, boarded 
the •' Ticonderoga," and sailed for New York, where he arrived in twenty-eight 
days. He worked a short time in Seneca County, N. Y., to get money to 
continue his journey, and at last reached Milford Township, where his brother 
was living. He hired out at ditching and other jobs at different places, until 
1861 (March), when he married Miss Mary, daughter of Thomas (Crandall) 
Rude, and in May of the same year purchased a portion of his present farm for 
$•2,000, paying .$1,500 down; but did not take possession of his new home 
until September. He now owns 150 acres of'fine land. Himself and wife are 
parents of seven children — Mary, VVilliam. Edward, Daniel, Thomas, Hattie 
and Eugene. Both parents are members of the Evangelical Church. Mrs. 
Baker is a native of -Tiosia County. N. Y., her birth occurring in .\u2ust, ls34. 
When she was six weeks old, her parents moved to St. Joseph County, Ind., 
and soon afterward to DeKalb County, Ind., where they were among the 
earliest settlers. Mrs. Baker is a worthy woman. Mr. Baker is a Republican, 
and an excellent citizen. 

PETER BEACH, the grandfather of John Beach, was a .soldier in the 
war of the Revolution. He married Miss Hammer, and located on the Genesee 
Flats, N. Y., to farm. Their eldest child was Nicholas J., the father of John. 
He was a saddler and a shoemaker. After his marriage with Miss E. J. Fluker, 
in 1839, he became a fivrmer. The next year he moved to Wisconsin; but, 
becoming dissatisfied, he returned East as far as Huron County, Ohio, where 
he resided until 1848, when ill-health and the family physician admonished 
him to seek a different climate, whereupon he went to La Grange County, 
buying forty acres of the land now owned by his son John, paying for the 
same with his wagon, one horse and the harness. He returned to Ohio and 
bought of a neighbor there fifty acres adjoining his land in La Grange County, 
and in 1851 came with his family to his new home. Mr. Beach was an honest, 
hard-working man, a Democrat and a Second-day Adventist. He died in 1866 
and his wife in 1877. Eight of their ten children are yet living. John Beach, 
the eldest son and third child, was born in Wyoming County, N. Y., February 
19, 1841. His education was limited. In October, 1864, he married Eliza- 
beth H. Shipley, who was born in Ashland County, Ohio, in April, 1845. 
Their four children are Ward, Delia, Jay and Otto. Mr. Beach is an enter- 
prising and successful farmer. He is an Independent, always voting for the 
man and not the party. He owns a fine fiirm of 109 acres. 

ABRAHAM BENDER is one of a family of eleven children; was born 
in Franklin County. Penn., September 22. 1833, and is a son of Henry and 
Mary (Etter) Bender, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German origin. When 
twenty-one years of age, he commenced life on his own responsibility, working 
out for 50 cents per day. He was married in Pennsylvania, in 1854, to Cath- 
arine E. Deahl, and in 1859 he moved to Richland County, Ohio, where he 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 327 

tiad eighty acres of land, and began farming. He came to Johnson Township 
in 1866 and purchased his present farm, at that time only having about thirty 
acres cleared. The principal improvements now on the place were put there by 
Mr. Bender. He is one of the progressive men of Johnson Township and is 
an earnest advocate in the support of educational and industrial enterprises. 
He is a Democrat, and has held the office of Township Trustee in Johnson 
Township two years. Mr. and Mrs. Bender are the parents of eight children, 
as follows: William H., born November 12, 1855, now a merchant of Sturgis, 
Mich.; George G., born January, 1858, in partnership with William; James 
A., born May 27, 1860, deceased; Eliza J., born June 24, 1861, deceased; 
Mary E., born August 12, 1862, deceased; Franklin McC, born July 6, 1864 ; 
Anna M., born November 4, 1867; and Charlotte M.. born June 19, 1871, 
deceased. The mother died August 12, 1881. Through all the years of her 
married life with Mr. Bender she took her share of the burden and was a help- 
meet in everything. Mr. Bender owns 116 acres of land on Section 22, where 
he yet resides. 

DANIEL W. BOWER. Phillip Bower, father of the subject of this 
sketch, is a native of Stark County, Ohio, his birth occurring April 11, 1814, 
and he is a son of John and Elizabeth (Raber) Bower. His parents were farm- 
ers, and he was reared on a farm, but early learned the carpenters' trade, which 
has occupied his attention considerably through life. November 15, 1836, he 
married Mary Yeager, and to them were born eleven children, nine yet living. 
In May, 1865, the mother died, and in March, 1876, Mr. Bower married his 
present wife, Mrs. Rebecca (Faulkner), widow of Richard Austin, who bore 
him four children ; three youngest are now living. Mr. Bower and family emi- 
grated to Johnson Township in October, 1842, and were among the early pio- 
neers of this locality. Daniel W. Bower was born April 11, 1842. in Stark 
County, Ohio, and came with his parents to La Grange County, and this has 
since been his home. He received but a common education, and September 
24, 1861, he was enrolled a member of Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry. At the battle of Fort Donelson he was wounded se- 
verely, through both thighs, by a musket-ball, from the effects of which he 
was sent to the hospital at Cincinnati, where he remained until sufficiently re- 
covered, and then came home. He was discharged, July 23, 1862, and Feb- 
ruary 18, 1864, married Miss Harriet A., daughter of Andrew J. and Isabel! 
S. J. (Kapel) Atwood. old settlers of La Grange County. Mr. Bower subse- 
quently enrolled as member of Company F, One Hundred and Fifty-second 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as Sergeant, and was finally discharged August 
30, 1865, and in October of that year moved to his present place. He and 
wife are parents of one daughter. Flora May. Mr. Bower owns 120 acres of 
excellent land, and is a Republican. Mrs. Bower was born in Livingston 
County, N. Y., September 6, 1842. 

DR.JF. H. BROUGHTON, physician, son of William and Rebecca 
(Cooper) iSroughton. Subject of this sketch was born in Noble County, Ind., 
April 20, 1849, and was raised on his father's farm. In February, 1863, he 
enlisted in Company F, Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and after 
bravely participating in the engagements of Peach Tree Creek, Buzzard's 
Rooat, Atlanta, and a number of other skirmishes, was discharged in August, 
of 1865. After the close of the war. Dr. Broughton came home, and for one 
year engaged in farming. He then attended the schools of Kendallville and 
Auburn, and in 1868 began the study of medicine under Drs. Teal and Gil- 



328 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

bert, of Kendallville. While pursuing his studies under these gentlemen he 
took the preliminary course of lectures at Detroit, succeeding which he took 
two full courses of lectures at that institution. The winter of 1873-74, he at 
tended the Medical Department of the State University, at Indianapolis, from 
which he graduated with honors. After his graduation Dr. Broughton prac- 
ticed his profession in Allen Count}' a short time, after which he formed a 
partnership with Dr. Dancer, at South Milford. In February, 1878, he re- 
moved to Wolcottville, where he has since resided. Dr. Brouirhton is one of 
tlio best read physicians in the county, and one of the most successful practi- 
tioners. He has a good practice and the esteem of his neighbors. He was 
married December 24, 1876, to Abigail Call, daughter of Joseph Call, of Mil- 
ford Township. When he entered the army, at fourteen years old, he only had 
5 cents. 

ZOPHER CASE was born November 2, 181(5, in Ashtabula County, 
Oiiio, and is a son of Zopher and Annie (I^andle) Case. He is a grandson of 
Capt. Charles Case, a native of Connecticut, and a member of the company 
that formed Washington's Body Guard in the Revolutionary war. Capt. Case 
left his native State in 1798, and came to Warren, Ohio. Zopher Case. Sr., 
was born in Connecticut, and during the war of 1812, enlisted and served 
with distinction as Major in Col. Haye's regiment. He died in Ohio, and the 
.spring of 1833 the widow and family emigrated to Sturgis, Mich. The spring 
of 1836, the subject of this sketch and four others came to the neighborhood 
where Mr. Case now lives, and entered land. Mr. Case erected a cabin ju.st 
across the line in Milford Township, and then returned to Michigan for his 
mother and the rest of the family. The same year they located on their land. 
Mr. Case's is among the best fiirms in Johnson Township. Mrs. Case, his 
mother, died in April, 1870. Subject is of a limited education. He married 
Nancy Highbargin, in 1838, and to them were born five sons and five daugh- 
ters — Leander, Leroy, Clinton, Orin, George, Lenora, Alice, Mary, Clara, 
and one that died in infancy. The mother died in 1866, and in 1868 Mr. 
Case married Annie Smith, who has borne him four children — Riley. Guy. 
Zopher and Gaylord. Mr. Case is representative of the self-made men. He 
began with nothing, at the age of twelve, working for $3.00 per month. By 
labor and economy, he has acquired one of the largest and finest stock farms in 
the county, and at present owns 800 acres, having given the remainder to his 
ciiildren. He is an enterprising citizen, a Democrat, and a member of the 
Masonic fraternity of Wolcottville. 

J. A. CUTLER was born in Worcester County, Mass., August 14, 1831. 
J. H. Cutler was his father. His mother's maiden name was Reed. His 
fether was a carpenter and joiner and one of the early settlers of Steuben 
County, Ind., where he is yet living a retired life. When the subject of this 
biography was seven years old, his mother died, and up to the age of seventeen 
he lived with his father. He received a common-school education. The fall 
of 1831, his father and family emigrated to Steuben County. Ind., where they 
were among the first settlers. Mr. Cutler worked at chair-mnking a number 
of years, but carpentering was his chief employment. J. A. Cutler learned 
the carpenter's trade in Ohio in 1848; after which he went West and engaged 
in boat building. In 1851, he returned to Indiana. He was at a boat explo- 
sion near Peoria. He located in Orange Township, Noble County, and worked 
at his trade a number of years. He lived in Rome City seven years and, in 
connection with his trade there, worked at the mill business. He has since 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 329 

lived in the neighborhood of Wolcottville. He, at one time, was engaged in 
wagon and carriage making. The spring of 1880, he was engaged by the 
Monumental Bronze Company as their agent in La Grange and Noble Coun- 
ties. Mr. Cutler was married, in 1852, to Mary J. Lee, and to them have been 
born six children, three only of whom are living, and they are the only living 
male descendants of the old family of Cutlers. Mr. Cutler is a Republican, 
a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and for the past fifteen years has been a worker 
of the M. E. Church, of which he and wife are members. 

B. J. DICKINSON, the subject of this sketch, was born in Livingston 
County, N. Y., March 13, 1819. His father, Ichabod Dickinson, was a native 
of New York and his mother, Mercy Tripp, was a native of Rhode Island. 
They were the parents of five sons and five daughters, only one son, our sub- 
ject, and one daughter, Eliza, of whom are yet living. The father was a farmer 
and he and wife were honest and respected. B. J. Dickinson was reared a 
farmer and received but a limited education. Having a brother who came to 
Johnson Township, La Grange County, Ind., in 1836, he determined to go 
there and make a home. After his arrival he engaged in farming, which he 
has smce followed. In about 1842, he married his brother's widow, Mrs. 
Louisa (Perkins) Dickinson and to them were born five children — William F., 
Henry, George, Emma and Artemas F. Of these, all are living and all are 
married excepting Artemas. Mrs. Dickinson had one daughter by her first 
marriage, Georgie Anna, who is yet living. Mr. Dickinson is a farmer by 
occupation, owns eighty acres of well improved land, is a Republican and an 
enterprising citizen, favoring the ailvancement of all laudable public enter- 
prises. Mrs. Dickinson was born in Livingston County, N. Y., September 10, 
1818. She married her first husband, George Dickinson, September 11, 1836. 

F. W. DRAGGOO was born March 22, 1809, in Mercer County, Penn. 
His father, Frederick Draggoo, was a native of Virginia and of French descent. 
His mother, Martha (Angel) Draggoo, was of Irish-English descent and a native 
of Pennsylvania. The father was a soldier of the war of 1812 and a farmer. 
He and wife were the parents of thirteen children, of whom our subject is the 
oldest living. F. VV. Draggoo received but a limited education, was reared a 
farmer and when seven years of age came with his parents to Richland County, 
Ohio, who were among the early settlers of that country. His parents died 
here. December 2, 1830, F. W. Daggoo and Ann Mitchell were married. At 
one time, he had considerable property, but was of a generous disposition and 
was induced to go security in money matters, which resulted in his failure. In 
1846, he emigrated to his present place in Johnson Township, then all woods, 
and again commenced to make a home in a new country. He and wife endured 
many hardships. Mr. Draggoo came to the county a poor man and now he is 
comparatively wealthy. He now owns 123 acres of well improved land. He 
and wife are the parents of eight children — William M., John A., Randle M., 
George W., Ellen, Frederick, Rosena B. and Sarah A. Six died of consump- 
tion, John and Randle surviving. The former married Maria Weatherwax and 
the latter Melissa Free. Both are living in Johnson Township and both have 
families. The Draggoos are among Johnson's best citizens. 

JOSEPH A. DRAKE was born in Wood County, Ohio, September 4, 
184.5, and reared on a farm. His father, Joseph Drake, was a native of Penn- 
sylvania, as was also his mother, Mary (Sweny) Drake. They moved to Wood 
County at a very early period, and Mr. Drake was one of those who assisted 
in the construction of the old Ohio Canal. He was a class-leader in the 



330 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Methodist Church over twenty-nine years. His wife died in 1847, and he in 
1862. May 2, 1364, our subject enlisted in Company E, One Hundreil and 
Forty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged in August the same 
year. He went to Indianapolis in November, 1864, in the employ of the 
Government, and remained there about two years; from there he went to Fos- 
toria, Ohio, and commenced retailing medicine for Dr. Chance. Having re- 
ceived considerable experience in this business, he commenced studying, and 
by diligent study he was enabled to invent several first-class remedies ; some of 
his leading remedies are, " The World's Benefactor," the " Blood and Liver 
Tonic,'' " Drake's Ague Drops,'' etc. The real value of these medicines is 
undoubted. Mr. Drake was married August 22, 1867, to Miss Severnia E. 
Turner, who was born in Ohio April 16, 1848. This lady moved to Seneca 
County, Ohio, with her parents, when four years old, and from there to Han- 
cock Countv. At the time of her marriage with Mr. Drake, she was one of 
the leading milliners of Fostoria. By their union have been born two daugh- 
ters — Mary A. and Emma E. Mr. Drake is a Republican and a member of 
the Knights of Honor of La Grange. Both are members of the Methodist 
Church of Valentine, near which village they reside on their farm. 

M. W. DUNTEN, Superintendent of the County Poor Farm, was born 
March 6, 1842, in Allen County, Ind., son of F. H. and Sophia (Crook) Dun- 
ten, who were from Jefferson County, N. Y. The Duntens are of English 
descent and trace their genealogy back to two brothers who came to America 
at an early period ; one was a sea captain, the other settled in Boston and en- 
gaged in mercantile pursuits. As a class, they are farmers, but a few have 
deviated from this course. The father of our subject came to Allen County, 
Ind., in 1831, and ten years afterward returned to New York and married our 
subject's mother ; he then came back to Allen County, where he farmed and 
kept hotel in Fort Wayne a number of years. In 1845, he came to Ontario, 
this county, where he was for some time in the hotel business ; before the war 
he sold his hotel and farmed near La Grange until 1868, when he moved to 
Johnson Township. Morris W. Dunten was reared a farmer and received a 
good common-school education. In 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Eighty- 
eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until he was taken 
sick and was honorably discharged, June 21. 1863, then came home and began 
teaching school. On the 15th of July, 1871, he was married to Miss Sarah 
A. Ayars, and to them has been born one daughter — Linnie G. Mrs. Dunten 
was born in Sanilac County, Mich., in 1851. Mr. Dunten was appointed 
Superintendent of the County Poor Farm in March, 1874, and has since 
continued in that capacity, giving excellent satisfaction. Mr. Dunten is an 
Independent, voting in all cases for the man and not the party. He is a mem- 
ber of the I. 0. 0. F. of La Grange, and an intelligent, enterprising citizen. 

JOSEPH ESHELMAN, deceased, was born June 10, 1809, near Ilar- 
risburg, Penn.; he was a son of Henry and Jane (Brady) Eshelman, who were 
natives of Germany and Scotland ; they came to the United States when 
young and were here married. The husband was born in 1789, was a soldier in 
the war of 1812, and a farmer; he died in 1854. The wife was born in 
1785 and died in 1829. Joseph Eshelman, deceased, was a farmer, and had 
but an ordinary education. In Pennsylvania, in March, 1832, he married 
Mary Erford, who was born March 6, 1815. After their marriage, they lived 
in Stark County, Ohio, and Summit County, Ohio, for a time, and are now at 
Johnson Township, La Grange County. Mr. Eshelman came to the county in 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 



331 



1849, and purchased eighty acres of land where his son Levi now lives. He 
died December 11, 1879; was a member of the Evangelical Church. His 
widow still survives him and resides in Johnson Township. They were the 
parents of thirteen children, only eight of whom are now living. Levi Eshel- 
raan was the eldest, born in Stark County, Ohio, August 22. 1838 ; he received 
but a limited education, and came with his parents to Indiana, in 1850. He 
assisted in clearing his father's place, and was married in 1861 to Nancy A. 
Newnam, dau"-hter of Asbury Newnam. For seven years after his marriage 
Levi farmed in Orange Township, Noble County. In March, 1870, he came to 
his present place. He is a Republican, owns 200 acres of good land, and he 
and wife are the parents of six children, and members of the Evangelical 
Church. Their children's names are John J., George F., Leroy L., Mary 
E., Henry E. and Harvey G. /-> , oc 

WILLIAM GEISER was born in Wurtemberg. Germany, October lb, 
1825, and is the youngest of eleven children born to William and Ann Mariah 
(Rush) Geiser. Mr. and Mrs. Geiser also determined to cross the Atlantic. 
Accordingly, in 1838, they emigrated to Richland County, Ohio, where Mr. 
Geiser began working at his trade— shoemaking. In 1844, Mrs. Geiser died, 
and on the 30th of October, 1850, our subject was united in marriage with 
Sophia Smith. He resided in Ohio a number of years succeeding his marriage, 
working at shoemaking. Mr. Geiser and family, together with his father, emi- 
grated to Johnson Township, October, 1854, where he has since resided. He 
purchased eighty acres of land on Section 22, and moving his family into a 
cabin, began working at his trade, and clearing and improving his land. He 
and wife are the parents of eleven children— Louisa, Mary S., Henry F., Lelie, 
Charles W., Etta, John M., Iva, Ellen, and Frank and George deceased. The 
two oldest daughters are married. Mr. Geiser started out in life a poor boy, 
but by hard work and economy has been reasonably successful in the acquire- 
ment of this world's goods. He has never been identified with any political 
party. He has held the position of Trustee of Johnson Township twelve years. 
Mr. "Geiser is an active worker in the advancement of education, and an enter- 
prising man. His father died in 1864. 

NATHAN K. GREEN is a native of Addison County, Vt., was born in 
February, 1820; his parents being Truman and Polly (Kinsley) Green. He 
is one of a family of twelve children, but four of whom are now living. The 
Greens are of Celtic, and the Kinsleys of Scottish descent. The father served 
two years as a substitute in the war of 1812. He emigrated to Jefferson County, 
N. Y., in 1821, and to Sandusky County, Ohio, in 1834. In about 1842, he 
moved to Ottawa County, Ohio, and in 1856 to St. Joseph County, Mich., 
near Burr Oak. Some eight or nine years later he came to La Grange County. 
At the end of three years, he returned to Ottawa County, Ohio, where his wife 
died. In 1877, he came back to Johnson Township, but went to Ohio soon 
after, and the following year came to Johnson Township, and resided until 
his death, in September," 1879. When Nathan K. Green was fifteen years 
old, he hired to a farmer in Huron County, Ohio, and afterward to one in Erie 
County, same State. In March, 1841, he married Miss Mary Thomas. This 
lady bore her husband six children— William, John, George, Mary, Champ and 
Sarah— William and Mary being dead. Mrs. Green died in February, 1870. 
The family moved to La Grange County, in 1843, settling first in Lima Town- 
ship, but in June, 1847, removing to Johnson Township. Here he has since 
resided, having built a comfortable home. He got his start working by the 



332 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

day. He now owns ninety acres of good land. His second and present wife is 
Maria, daughter of Daniel Martin, and widow of John Stoner, who at his death, 
left two children — Arthur and Andrew E. They were married in June, 1871. 
and by this union have one son — Nathan Clair. Mrs. Green was born in New 
Jersey February, 18-36, and is a Free-Will Baptist. Mr. Green is a Repub- 
lican, and has held various official positions in the township. 

WILLIAM HEALEY is a native of the Albion Isle, his birth occurring 
in Bulby, Lincolnshire, in March, 1828. His parents were Joseph and Eliza- 
beth (Holton) Ilealey, to whom was born a family of eleven children, five of 
whom are yet living. Joseph Healey was a poor but industrious man, and 
owing to the peculiar laws of England could not give his children even a com- 
mon-school education. William grew to manhood, and in July, 1849, married 
Jane, daughter of William and Elizabeth Hubbard. One daughter was born to 
them in England. They boarded the sailing ship " Continent,'" and at the end 
of six weeks were landed in New York. They reached Lima, La Grange Co., 
in July, 1851, almost destitute of everything to make life comfortable. They 
entered a small cabin north of the village, using two saw-horses with boards for 
a bed, a meat bench for a table, and boxes, trunks, stools, etc., for chairs. 
They labored hard, saved and suffered, living in Lima Township some eight 
years — a portion of the time on a farm. By 1860, they had saved enough 
to buy a forty-acre farm, and have since added eighty more. They have 
nine children — Ann, William. Elizabeth, Jane, Joseph, Edward (deceased), 
George, John and Clayton, four of whom are married, one living in La Grange 
County, two in Noble County, and one in Minnesota. Mr. Healey is a member 
of the Lutheran Church, is a Republican, and a good citizen. 

D. LIVERGOOD is a son of Jacob Livergood, who was born in Phila- 
delphia, Penn., October 31, 1791. Jacob Livergood was a house-joiner and 
carpenter, but made farming his principal occupation. He married Rachel 
Buffington, 1818, in Chester County, Penn., and they moved to Tucarawas 
County, Ohio, in 1821, then to De Kalb County, Ind., in 1847, and lived there 
until their death. They were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
The father died March 25, 1855. The mother was born in Chester County, 
Penn, July 23, 1796, and died November 7, 1856. They were the parents of 
seven children, four of whom are living. Jacob L. served in the war of 1812. 
Davis Livergood was born in Perry Township, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, June 
12, 1828. At the age of seventeen, he went to Guernsey County, Ohio, where 
he learned the tanner's trade. In 1849, he came to Auburn, De Kalb County, 
Ind., and in spring of 1850 established himself at his trade. In 1851, he 
came to La Grange, and engaged at tanning, in connection with a harness and 
shoe shop, until 1857, when he sold all his interest and removed to Johnson 
Township. He first purchased sixty-five acres of land, on which Jacob Mills 
now resides. He sold that in 1865, and in 1866 moved to his present place, 
which now comprises 160 acres of well-improved land. Mr. Livergood was 
married February 19, 1852, to Editha Stevens, daughter of Thomas and Sarah 
VVilson, and widow of John Stevens. By this marriage were born four chil- 
dren — Mary N., deceased ; Lycurgus, a hardware merchant of La Grange ; 
Alice E. and Maggie E. Mrs. Livergood, by her first husband, had two chil- 
dren — Thomas and Minerva. The former served his country in suppressing 
the rebellion, and died at Cairo, 111., from disease contracted while in the 
service. The daughter is the wife of T. H. Sefton, a partner of Lycurgus 
Livergood, at La Grange. The mother was born in 1824, in Wayne County, 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 335 

Ohio. Mr. Livergood i.s a Republican, and a member of tlie I. 0. 0. F. of 
La Grange, also a member of La Grange Encampment. 

JOHN McKIBBEN, deceased, was born in Richland County, Ohio, 
April 6, 1827. His parents, James and Sarah (Smith) McKibben, were of 
Irish descent, and farmers. John McKibben was reared in Richland County, 
Ohio, receiving a good common-school education. November 12, 1850, he- 
married Miss Nancy D., daughter of George ami Mary Ann (Hayes) Shipley, 
and in April of the following year he and wife, with his father and family, 
emigrated to Johnson Township, La Grange County, Ind., where they had 
purchased land the year previous, of which twenty acres were partially cleared, 
and had a rude log cabin on it. Mr. McKibben moved his family into the 
cabin, and then commenced reclaiming his property from a forest state. He 
was a hard working man, and died Februai-y 10, 1878. He was a member of 
the Presbyterian Church, and a respected resident. He left a farm of 340' 
acres of Johnson Townships best land, on which his widow yet lives, aged 
fifty-one. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. McKibben are James S.; 
George R.; William B.; Frank A., deceased; Thomas, deceased; Sarah M., 
deceased ; Harvey, deceased ; Adell, deceased ; Mary B. and Anna. George 
R. married Lottie E. Vesey, and resides on a part of the old place. Williatn 
R. married Miss C. B. Putney, and lives in Johnson Township. James Mc- 
Kibben was born in Johnson Township March 29, 1852. He was married 
May 2, 1876, to Lissa A. Van Kirk, who was born in Bloomfield Township 
April 3, 1856. Thev have two children — Orley Ray and Ledger Dev. 

JACOB MILLS was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., March lO, 1822. 
lie was one of nine children born to Jacob and Catharine (Cornwell) Mills, the 
father being of English and Scotch and the mother of Welsh and Germanic 
descent. Jacob Mills, Sr., was three times married; his second wife being 
Margaret Passage, and his last wife, who is yet living, being Samantha Sprague. 
lie was a soldier in the war of 1812, was a farmer, and died in the year 184(>. 
Jacob Mills, subject of this sketch, lived on a farm until fifteen years old, when 
ho began learning the carpenter's trade. Having relatives who Iiad come to- 
La Grange County in 1844, he emigrated to the same place in 1846, and lo- 
cated on the site of his present home. His family, at that time, consisted of 
his wife, Jane E. Somers, to whom he was married February 2, 1843, and one 
child. He purchased 80 acres of land, then entirely devoid of clearing, and 
built a log cabin, and then began to build up the liome and property ho now 
iiwns. Mr. Mills has been a very hard- working man, and with his wife's help 
has risen to a position of comfort in old age. They own 200 acres of gooit 
land, and are the parents of five children — Charles H., James W., Mary J., 
one that died in infimcy, and Ida A. Charles and Ida are married, and reside 
in La Grange County. Mary is dead, James W. is single, and is a travelinj^ 
salesman, with headquarters in Chicago. Mr. Mills was a Democrat up to 
•lames Buchanan's administration, but since then has been a Republican. He- 
has held the office of Justice of the Peace four years in Johnson Townsliip. 

C. II. MOON, a prominent merchant of Wolcottville, was born June 28', 
1836, one of eight children of Salraa and Caroline (Morton) Moon, who were 
natives of the State of New York. The father was a carriajre-maker, an<} 
moved with his family to Wayne County, Mich., where he is yet living on the 
land he entered. His wife died in 1863. Charles R. Moon lived o)i a farm, 
imtil sixteen years old, in Wayne County. In 1852, he began working for 
himself at the carpenter's trade in Kalamazoo and Coldwater. In 1857, he 



334 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

came to La Grange, where he worked at his trade a number of months. He 
then went to Ypsilanti, Mich., where he took a thorough course in music under 
Profs. Foote, Pixly and Pease, during which time he taught school to pay 
his expenses. At the end of three years, he graduated and returned to La 
Grange and engaged in selling organs, teaching music and holding musical 
conventions. Owing to throat troubles, he has not made it a permanent busi- 
ness, but to some extent has followed it. In 1861, he entered into a partner- 
ship at La Grange in the manufacture of carriages, but discontinued that the 
spring of 1862, when he came to Wolcottville, where he had charge of a branch 
carriage-shop until he disposed of it. For three years he then traveled in 
the interests of C. R. Moon & Co., but his family still lived at Wolcottville. 
In 1877, he returned to Wolcottville, and established a trade in the furniture 
business. He was married in 1861, to Margaret J. McClaskey, and they are 
parents of three cliildren — R. Ellsworth, C. Alton and Mabel K. Mr. Moon 
is a Republican, and has held the township office of Justice of Peace. He 
has had charge three years, and ably edits the Wolcottville department in the 
La Grange Standard. Mr. Moon has been Sunday school Superintendent of 
M. E. Church, at La Grange and Wolcottville, for twenty years, and he and 
wife are adherents of that church. Mr. Moon is the author of some celebrated 
music, among which are "Leave me and Save the Glorious Flag," " Some- 
body's Darling is Slumbering Here," etc. ; the latter piece being known all over 
the United States as a fine production. Beside the above, Mr. Moon liberally 
contributed to the Musical Review, of Detroit, and other musical periodicals. 

JEREMIAH OUTCALT, farmer. The Outcalts are of Germanic de- 
scent, and came to America three generations prior to the birth of the subject 
of this biography. Jeremiah Outcalt was reared as a farmer, receiving but a 
meager education, and residing with his parents until the age of thirty years. 
He first visited La Grange County in 1839, where, at that date, his brother 
moved, and, admiring the country, he, in 1846, came with his family to On- 
tario, where he remained, working at coopering during the succeeding winter. 
His land in .Johnson Township had been purchased previously, and upon this 
he moved in the spring of 1847. Here he and his family have since lived. 
From hard labor and good management, the uudrained and unhealthful land 
has been converted into good farming land. One hundred and ninety-seven 
acres of well-cultivated land, with substantial and comfortable buildings, are 
among the rewards of this patient labor. Mr. Outcalt was born in Portage 
County, Ohio, October, 1812, his parents being Schobey and Clara (Sabins) 
Outcalt, to whom were born ten children. The father had served as a tea mster 
in the war of 1812, and was throughout life a respected citizen. Both parents 
died in Illinois, whither they had moved in 1848. Jeremiah Outcalt's mar- 
riage with Elizabeth Ingrahara was solemnized in 1840. To them have been 
born four children — Charles (deceased) and Adelaide, twins ; Maryette and 
Hortense, the latter also deceased. Mrs. Outcalt's maiden name was Irwin. 
She married Lewis Ingraham, by whom she had two children — Elizabeth and 
Sarah J. — both dead. Maryette Outcalt and Nathan Wiggins were married 
in April, 1869. Mr. Wiggins was accidentally killed in March, 1875. Mr. 
Outcalt is an enterprising and respected citizen, and has been a good Repub- 
lican since the organization of the party. 

WALTER H. RODGERS Wolcottville, is a member of the firm of 
Moon & Rodgers, who do a general business of wagon and carriage manufact- 
uring and repairing. The junior member of this firm, Walter H. Rodgers, 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 335 

was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., December 27, 1848, and is one of a family of 
four children. Three only of these are living, one giving his life in defense 
of his country in the late war. His parents were Edgar and Lydia A. (Remick) 
Rodgers. Mr. Rodgers was a jeweler at Brooklyn, N. Y. He died in 1861, 
but his widow and two children are yet residents of Brooklyn. Walter H. 
Rodgers lived in that city until fourteen years of age, when he came to Indiana, 
and worked on a farm near Lima until 1865, when he enlisted in the One 
Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment, Company F, Indiana Volunteer In- 
fantry, and served until the close of the war. After a visit East, he returned 
to Lima, and learned the blacksmith trade, and then went to La Grange, where 
for about six years he was employed by Moon & Co. He then took charge of 
that firm's shops at Wolcottville, but shortly afterward engaged in business in 
Cleveland, Ohio, Waterloo, and then back to Wolcottville, where he has since 
resided. In September, 1877, he formed a partnership with S. D. Moon, of 
La Grange, in the manufacture and repair of wagons and carriages at Wolcott- 
ville, Mr. Rodgers having charge of the entire business. They commenced on 
a small basis, but by honesty and industry have increased their efforts, until 
they now do a comfortable business of from $8,000 to $10,000 per annum. 
Mr. Rodgers was married in the spring of 1868 to Amelia Moon, of La 
Grange, and they have two children — Guy and Earl. Mr. Rodgers is a mem- 
ber of the I. 0. 0. F., and is a Republican. Mrs. Rodgers is a member of 
the Methodist Episcopal Church. 

A. J. ROYER is a son of Jacob and Mary (Mitchell) Royer, and was 
born in Beaver Township, Union Co., Penn., February 5, 1824. With his 
parents, he moved to Stark County, Ohio, in 1825, and was there reared on 
a farm to manhood. His father was a farmer. Mrs. Royer died in about 
1865, and Mr. Royer in 1878. At the age of nineteen, A. J. Royer com- 
menced learning the carpenter's trade. December 3, 1849, he was married to 
Miss Martha Stall, and to them were born three children — only one son, 
Norman H., yet living. This son married Josie Cosper. and resides in 
Johnston Township. After his marriage. Mr. Royer continued at his trade in 
Seneca County, Ohio, where he and his wife had moved, but after two years, 
returned to their former home. The summer of 1852, Mr. Royer came West. 
Not having sufficient means to purchase the location he desired, he returned to 
Ohio ; but again returned to this township in 1853, and purchased 60 acres 
of his present farm. The fall of 1854, he moved his family out to the then 
new county, and immediately began clearing his farm and working at his trade. 
His wife, unable to withstand the hardships, died February 22, 1856. Mr. 
Royer's second and present wife is Catharine (Wert) Royer, to whom he was 
married January 29, 1857. Mrs. Royer was born in Vernon Township, Craw- 
ford Co., Ohio. May 5, 1834, and is a daughter of William and Jane (Patten) 
Wert. To Mr. and Mrs. Royer were born ten children — Albert J., deceased, 
Mary M., Charles S., William A., one that died in infancy without a name, 
Ida M., Eliza J., Laura B., Ira B., deceased, and Luella. Mr. Royer came to 
La Grange County a poor man, but by economy and industry has acquired 165 
acres of good land. He is a Republican, and he and wife are leading members 
of the Evangelical Church. 

A. A. SNYDER, merchant, the present Postmaster of Wolcottville, 
was born in Adams County, Penn., January 6, 1825. He is one of ten chil- 
dren, who through their parents, John and Mary (Kuhnes) Snyder, were 
descended, from an old and honored German family that came to America 



336 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

many generations back. John Snyder was a carpenter by trade, but through 
life was employed much at cabinet- making, etc. In 1835, he and family 
moved into Wayne County, Ohio, where Mr. Snyder worked at farming in 
connection with his trade. Mrs. Snyder died in Ashland County, Ohio, in 
1845, and the fall of 1847, the fatiier with the rest of the family, removed to 
Wolcottville, Ind., where he had friends. Early in life, Mr. Snyder was in 
good circumstances, financially, but tiirough the unfaithfulness of seeming 
friends, he was reduced to straitened circumstances. On his arrival, he 
began working at his trade. In 1851, he removed to La Grange, where he 
died in 1868. He was an honest, unassuming man, respected by all who knew 
him. A. A. Snyder received but the common education. When twenty years 
old, commenced learning the shoemaker's trade in Ohio. After coming to 
Indiana, he worked at this business in Northport over a year, after which he 
entered partnership at Wolcottville in the manufacture of boots and shoes. 
The partnership continued two years, and then Mr. Snyder continued it alone, 
making in all about twenty years at that business in Wolcottville. He was 
commissioned Postmaster in 1861, by a Republican administration, and with 
exception of three months, during Johnson's administration, has retained that 
position. In 1868, he opened a grocery store, which has since been continued 
with the addition of drugs. Mr Snyder is doing a good business. He mar 
ried Phebe A. Littlefield March 8, 1849, and they are the parents of four 
children— John A., deceased; Mary S., wife of J. C. Scheffler ; Susan E., 
deceased, and Albert E Mrs. Snyder was born in Canada, May 17. 1828. 
Mr. Snyder is a leading Republican, and a respected citizen. 

THOMAS G. STARKEY, retired, was born in Mifflin (since Juniata i 
County, Penn , January 22, 1819, the youngest of nine children, born to Ben- 
jamin and Sarah (Frantz) Starkey. His f\ither was a blacksmith by trade, at 
which he worked after his remova'l to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1836. Thomas 
G. Starkey received an ordinary elucation. On the 5th of December, 1840, 
he married Miss Sarah, dau<,'hter of William and Susan (Raum) Holsinger and 
sister of John Holsinger. Mr. Starkey farmed in Ohio until January, 1843, 
when he came West and looked up a place for a home. He returned to his 
fiimily in Ohio, where he farmed until he removed here in 1847. He settled 
on a part of the farm now owned by the heirs of Joseph Eshelman, in Johnson 
Township, where he remained, clearing and forming, until 1859, when he 
traded for property in Milford Townsiiip. He farmed here until his removal 
to Wolcottville, in March, 1880, where he has since been living retired. He 
is a Democrat, and in Johnson and Milford Townships has held the position of 
Justice of the Peace twenty-five years. During this time, he has solemnized 
over one hundred marriages. He and wife are parents of fourteen chiUlren — 
William, Jennie, Sue, Benjamin. Dell, Daniel, Addie, Ida F., Ada, Lettie. 
Bessie, .\lice, Rhoda and Johnny. All are living, except the eldest, who en- 
listed in his country's cause in Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer 
Infantry, but was afterward transferred to the Fourth Indiana Cavalry. He 
was wounded while on a scouting expedition, from the effects of which he after- 
ward died. Mrs. Starkey was born in Stark County, Ohio, September 25, 
1822. Mr. Starkey is one of the substantial men of Wolcottville and owns 
two farms in Milford Township, one of 105 acres and the other of 108 acres. 

JOSEPH TAYLOR was born in Morton, Lincolnshire, England, March 2, 
1822, a son of Stephen and Maria (Franks) Taylor, who emigrated to America, 
with a family of nine children, in May, 1848. they shipped on board the "For- 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 



337 



est Kins" and, after a voyage of over six weeks, arrived in New York. Hav- 
ing as they supposed, relatives living in Lima, La Grange Co., they concluded, 
with the aid of friends, to make that their home. While on their way, on 
Lake Erie, they ascertained that their friends were either dead or gone to 
Ore-'on; but, not having the means to go farther, they settled near Lima in 
Julf 18-I8. The father of our subject, being a blacksmith, followed that oc- 
cupation and brewing beer until his death, which occurred in July, 1863. His 
wife died the next September. Joseph Taylor, at the age of sixteen, was a 
good blacksmith, and that has been his occupation, to a greater or less extent, 
throusih life. He was married, in November, 1850, to Prudence Field, born 
in Thurlby, Lincolnshire, Eng., March 26, 1824. This lady is a daughter of 
Thomas and Mary (Barber) Field and came to America the same year of her 
marriage Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have never had any children born to them, 
but have raised one boy— Thomas J. Field— from the time he was two and a 
half years old. Mr. Taylor came to Wright's Corners from Lima, in May, 
1849 and commenced blicksmithing in a rented shop. He and wife have been 
industrious and, by hard labor, have made what they now own. They have 
over 138 acres of good land and other valuable property. Both were brought 
up in the Episcopal fliith, but since coming to America have never joined any 
religious society. Mr. Taylor is a Republican and he and wife are most re- 
spected citizens. . . 

PHILO TAYLOR was born in Connecticut in 1796. His wife, Ura- 
bell (Harmon) Kent, a widow lady with one daughter, was born in Vermont 
in 1795. They were married November 22, 1818, in Lawrence County, Ohio. 
The father of Philo Taylor was a native of England, and came to the United 
States about the time of the Revolutionary war. Philo Taylor was a carpenter 
by trade, and when a young man went to Lawrence County, Ohio, where tor 
six years he was engaged as a millwright. He then moved to Portage County, 
and resided there ten years. He next emigrated to Indiana, locating as Wol- 
cottville, on the La Grange County side, where he purchased 320 acres ot land, 
which be improved. He was one of the early settlers, and one of the most 
influential in building up the town. He received many positions of honor, 
among them that of County Commissioner, to which he was elected several 
times, and at one time was a candidate for Associate Judge. He was a Whig, 
and afterward a Republican. He was also a member of the Baptist Church. 
He died February 16, 1876, and his wife June 13, 1856. They were the 
parents of six children— Sylvester, V. R., 0. B., Louisa M., William S. and 
Henry L. Sylvester and William are dead; Louisa M., is the wife ot L. 
L. Wildman, whose biography appears in this work. The family ot Taylors 
are of a sterling type, and have made their mark wherever duty has called 
them. Hon. V. R'. Taylor resides in WolcottviUe, on the Noble County side, 
while his two brothers reside in WolcottviUe, just across the line in La Grange 

County. 

Hon. V. R. Taylor was born November 28, 1821, in Lawrence County, 
Ohio. He was reared a farmer, and came with his parents to WolcottviUe in 
1837. He received a good education, which was finished at the La Grange 
Collegiate Institute at Ontario. For a period of six years he taught in the 
public schools of La Grange and Noble Counties, and November 28, 18d0 he 
married Miss Ann Rowe, who bore the following children : Philo J., William 
L. and George H. The mother's death occurred May 10, 1873, and January 
28, 1875, he married Elizabeth A. Belts, his present wife. Mr. Taylor - °" 



is an 



338 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 



active worker in the interests of the Republican party, by which he was elected 
to the State Legislature in the fall of 1880. Although young in legislative 
affairs he has shown a degree of judgment in his work at Indianapolis that 
ranks him among the leading men of the House. He is a farmer, owns 100 
acres of land, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church. ' ^ 

Hon. 0. B. Taylor was born in Portage County, Ohio, June 10, 1827 
When his parents emigrated to Indiana he was ten years old, and after coming 
to the State he received the greater part of his education, finishing at the same 
place as did his elder brother. At the age of seventeen, he commenced his 
career as a district school pedagogue, but continued it only for three years 
when he entered George Wolcott's store in Wolcottville. He continued with 
Mr Wolcott until the spring of 1852. when he commenced business at South 
Milford, under the firm name of 0. B. Taylor & Co. On the 27th of January 
1859, he married Catharine J. Henry, daughter of Hon. Francis Henry (de- 
ceased), of La Grange County, and the next October moved to Wolcottville 
where he engaged, under the firm name of Wildman & Taylor, in a like trade 
to that at South Milford. In 1867, the partnership changed to 0. B. & H. L. 
Taylor, which continued some years. The senior partner then sold out to o' 
L. Woodruff, but after a time purchased H. L. Taylor's interest, the firm name 
continuing as 0. L. Woodruff & Co. Mr. Taylor was elected to the Lower 
House of the State Legislature by the Republican party in 1878, and was re- 
elected with an increased majority. He was a hard-working member, and was 
instrumental in the adoption of the Ditch or Drainage Law. He was chair- 
man of important committees, and served with distinction and satisfaction to 
his constituents. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are members of the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church, and parents of three children— Frank P.. Marshall N. (deceased) 
and Albert H. They also have an adopted daughter— Lana B. Besides 
valuable town property, Mr. Taylor owns 270 acres of good land near 
Wolcottville. 

Henry L. Taylor was born in Portage County, Ohio, December 1, 
1835. He received a common-school education, and at the age of twenty-one 
began life's battle on his own responsibility. Up to 1869, he engaged in farm- 
ing; and then, in partnership with 0. L. Woodruff, entered into mercantile pur- 
suits at Wolcottville, conlinuing for six years. He then sold his interest to 
O. B. Taylor, and since, has been engaged in buying and shipping grain. He 
also has a farm of 400 acres. He was married April 19, 1860, to Jane 
Nicholson, who died September 7, 1861. His oresent wife is Eliza J. Steven- 
son,^daughter of Martin L. and Laura A. (Tozer) Stevenson, born April 3, 
1843. They are parents of three children— Charles H., Archie S. and Ruth! 
Mr. Taylor is a Republican, and at one time was the nominee of that party for 
ofhce of County Commissioner. He is a member of the Baptist Church. ' 

JAMES TUCK, of the firm of Dickenson & Tuck, was born in Sandusky 
County, Ohio, December 20, 1842, and is one of three children whose names 
are James, John and Elizabeth ; the last named is single and is a landscape 
and portrait painter, of Chicago. John served his country in the late war and 
died fron gunshot wounds at the hospital in Mobile, Ala. James Tuck was 
but two years old when his parents removed to La Grange County Ind. Sep- 
tember 24, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer 
Infantry, and received his final discharge at Nashville, Tenn., on the 14th of 
September, 1865. For over two years he was in active service at the front, 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 33y 

and was a participant in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, etc. 
He was commissioned Commissary Sergeant, May 1, 1861, a position he held 
until the close of the war. Succeeding his discharge he came home and com- 
menced clerking in a dry goods store at La Grange, at which he continued until 
1867, when he came to Wolcottville, and, in partnership with L. B. Dickenson, 
engaged in the drug trade, meeting with good success ; they have since added 
groceries and are doing a lively business. Mr. Tuck has been twice married ; 
first to Mary J. Law, who died shortly after their marriage, and in 1868 to his 
present wife. Miss Nancy T. Nichols, daughter of Nelson and Keziah Nichols. 
His last wife has borne him two daughters — Mary and Grace. Mr. Tuck is a 
Freemason, a Republican, and he and wife are members of the Baptist 
Church. He is a son of Shuble and Mary (McGrew) Tuck, who were natives 
of New York. Shuble Tuck was a farmer, and from his native State moved to 
Sandusky County, Ohio, where he afterward married. He emigrated with his 
family to La Grange County, Ind., in 1844, and purchased a farm and engaged 
in agricultural pursuits. Mrs. Tuck died in 1857 and Mr. Tuck in 1859. 
They were early settlers of the county and endured many hardships of pioneer 
Hfe. 

C. W. VAUGHAN, deceased, was born in Vermont May 16, 1821, son 
of William and Elizabeth (VVeller) Vaughan. He was given a good practical 
education. At the age of eighteen, he went to Troy, N. Y., where he engaged 
in the molding business, thence to Akron, Ohio, where he was bookkeeper in 
a woolen factory. In about 1844, he came to Northport, Noble Co., and en- 
gaged in mercantile pursuits. He married Melinda M. Wright on the 2'2d of 
October, 1847, a daughter of Levi Wright. From Northport, Mr. Vaughan 
came to Wright's Corners, in 1846, and entered partnership with L. L. Wild- 
man, in a general store ; from this point he moved to Ontario, and from there 
to Fulton, 111. In 1867, he removed to Chicago, where he engaged in live 
stock trade a number of years. He died November 14, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. 
Vaughan were parents of three children — Ida, Gertrude and Lillie ; only one 
is now living. Ida married Robert Dykes and bore him one daughter, Grace 
M.; the mother is now dead. Gertrude married Herbert Vaughan, and they 
were the parents of one child that died in infancy ; the mother is also dead. 
The family home has been in Chicago for a number of years, but the widow 
and daughter own 526 acres of land in La Grange County, Ind., where they at 
present reside. They are accomplished people and are in the best circles of 
society. 

MICHAEL WESTLER, lumber dealer. The Westler fiimily came from 
Maryland to Ohio at an early day, where the subject of this sketch was born, in 
Green Township, Summit County, July 30, 1827. John and Elizabeth (Blatner) 
Westler were his parents, and their occupation was farming. Michael Westler 
lived with his parents on the farm until fourteen years old, when his father 
died. From that time until 1847, he worked at farming, went to school, and 
in the fall of that year commenced the study of dentistry. In October, 1848, 
he went West and bought a farm of 104 acres, on Section 29, Johnson Town- 
ship, La Grange County, paying for it $2.50 per acre. He boarded at a neigh- 
bor's and began improving his place. He was often called upon to work at 
dentistry. When he first bought the land there was no cleai'ing on it. After 
building him a log cabin, he, on the 5th of April, 1853, married Sarah Ann 
Stroman, and to them were born — Francis M., Ida M., Charles J., deceased, 
Elmer E. and Etta R. R. Mr. Westler has been married three times. By 



340 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 



his second wife there was born one son— William M.. who died when about 
seven months old. He married his present wife (Naomi Wilcox) November 3, 
187o. She bore him one daughter — Ottley E. In February, 1865, Mr West'- 
ler enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged August 31, 1865. In about 1869, he 
sold a part of his farm, moved to Wolcottville, and engaged in milling. For a 
time he had an interest in a saw-mill, but at present is engaged in the 
lumber trade and the agricultural implement business. He is a° Republican, 
and has held various township offices. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. of 
Wolcottville. and of the La Grange Encampment. He has represented the 
lodge at the Grand Lodge, and has held all the offices of both lodges, except 
that of Secretary. Mr. Westler is an honest gentleman in every respect 
During the war he was a decided loyalist, and during the trouble with black- 
legs from 1856 to 1858, he was one of the first to become identified with the 
Rejrulators. 

L. L. WILDMAN, son of Levi and Sally (Stowe) Wildman, was born 
January 2o, 1821, in Litchfield County, Conn., and is of Scotch descent. 
Levi Wildman was a cooper by trade, but farmed to a considerable extent. 
The subject lived in his native State until thirteen years of ac^e, when he came 
with his parents to Ohio. The father left the family here in 1837, and went 
to Indiana, with a view of finding a suitable location. He purchased 80 acres 
of land a mile north of Wolcottville, and that winter worked for Georcre WoL 
cott. In the spring of 1838, he went to Ohio, and the next fall returned 
bringing his family. Building a small log cabin on his place, he moved his 
family into it and began to improve his property. Mr. Wildman lived here a 
number of years, undergoing the trials of pioneer life, and, at an advanced age, 
died on the 20th of July, 1865. His widow died January 25, 1870. L. L 
Wildman's education was finished at the La Grange Collegiate Institute, at 
Ontario. He taught school a number of terms, and, in 1846, entered into 
partnership with C. W. Vaughan, in mercantile business at Wright's Corners. 
Since that time Mr. Wildman has been identified in a number of business enter- 
prises at Kendallville, Rome City, South Milford, Wright's Corners and Wolcott- 
ville. He at present is engaged in the banking business at the latter place. He 
had been a director of the First National Bank of La Grange, but resigned. He 
is still a stockholder of that bank, and owns about 350 acres of land in La 
Grange and Noble Counties, and 160 acres in Kansas. He is a Republican 
formerly a Whig. He was elected to the State Legislature from La Grange 
County in about 18o8, carrying almost every vote in Johnson Township He 
was married, December 31, 1851, to Louisa M. Taylor, daughter of Philo 
Taylor, and they have had four children — Angeline G.", born April 26, 1853- 
Eva, born December 29, 1854, died November 18, 1863 ; William W., born De- 
cember 31, 1856, died June 30, 1880, and Herbert, born April 5. 1860. The 
first-named is the wife of F. Eugene Dickinson, and the last, Herbert, mar- 

^'ed Parks, and is a successful merchant of Wolcottville. Mrs. Wildman 

was horn June 13, 1829, and both Mr. and Mrs. Wildman are members of the 
Baptist Church. 

CHARLES WILSON was born in Livingston County, N. Y., April 
10, 1827. His parents were John and Mary A. (Roberts) Wilson, who had 
a family of twelve children. The father was a farmer and of Scottish 
descent, and he and wife died in the State of New York. They were mem- 
bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Charles Wilson resided on a farm 



JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 341 

until fourteen years of age, and received a common-school education. In 1841, 
he commenced learning the blacksmith trade, which was his main employment 
for a number of years. He came, with his employer, to Indiana in 1843, lo- 
cating at Wright's Corners, where Mr. Wilson worked at his trade about a year; 
he then returned to his native State and engaged in the same business about 
two years, after which he returned to Wright's Corners and again engaged in 
blacksmithing, continuing up to 1848, when he commenced farming. In 
October, 1854, he purchased his present farm of fifty-one acres, which has 
since been his residence, excepting a time during the war. He enlisted Octo- 
ber 17, 1861, in Company H, Forty-fourth Regiment Indiana Volunteer In- 
fantry, and was discharged in October, 1864. He was an active participant 
in the battles of Forts Donelson and Henry, and of Corinth ; after the last-named 
engagement Mr. Wilson was on detailed duty, and for eighteen months led the 
supply train. He was married to Margaret Coberly, in 1850, and they have 
an adopted daughter — Adel. Mr. Wilson is one of Johnson Township's best 
citizens, and a Democrat. Mrs. Wilson was born October 10, 1827, in Ran- 
dolph County, Va.; she came with her parents to Crawford County, Ohio, 
where her mother died ; her father returned to Virginia, where he died. After 
her mother's death she was bound out to a family, and with them came to In- 
diana when fourteen years old ; she lived with this family, working very hard. 
Commencing at fifteen, she worked out by the week until her marriage with Mr. 
Wilson. They commenced poor, but by hard labor have acquired a good 
home. 

GEORGE WOLCOTT, deceased, was born in Torrington, Conn., July 
26, 1806, and was one of a family of twelve children. When sixteen vears 
old he removed with his parents, Guy and Abigail (Allyn) Wolcott, to Sum- 
mit County, Ohio. His father dying in August of that year, he had charge of 
the home farm until 1828. when he went to Wadsworth and engaged in farm- 
ing until 1832. August 6, 1828, he married Miss Margaret Hine. of Tall- 
madge, Ohio, and for a time was engaged in saw-milling and the manufacture 
of fanning-mills at Wadsworth. In 1836, he sold his possessions here, and in 
March, 1837, he located on the southern line of Johnson Township, where he 
built a log house, and the following September moved his family, and then 
commenced reclaiming the then unbroken forest. One of the first industries 
started by Mr. Wolcott was a mill fed by a race half a mile long, which he 
dug himself By his excellent management, it was not long before a little 
settlement sprang up around him, which took the name of Wolcottville, in his 
honor, now a thriving village of 500 inhabitants. He built mills, shops, stores, 
houses, etc. He erected the Wolcottville Seminary, hired teachers, and through 
his endeavors made Wolcottville what it now is. He was peculiar in disposi- 
tion, but was a friend to the poor and needy, and at an early day did much to 
relieve those suffering from fever and ague, then so prevalent. In politics he 
was a Whig, but afterward a Republican. He died March 31, 1857, but his 
widow is yet living, at the advanced age of seventy-eight, in Wolcottville. 
They were the parents of six children — Ann L., Abby A., Rowena R., Almira 
J. (deceased), Elton R., Marshall F. and Amelia M. ("deceased). Mrs. Wolcott 
is living a retired life on her property near the village ; she owns seventy-four 
acres of good land and is one of the highly esteemed old settlers of Johnson 
Township. 

0. L. WOODRUFF, merchant, Wolcottville, of the firm of 0. L. Wood- 
ruff & Co., is a son of Charles and Jane (Landon) Woodruff, natives respectively 



342 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Charles WoodruflF in early life learned the tailor's 
trade, but when he arrived at maturity abandoned that business, and studied 
the Eclectic system of medicine, and that has been his chief employment since. 
After a successful practice in Ohio a number of years, he came to Huntington 
County, Ind., in 1845 ; but after a residence there of six months, returned to 
Ohio, and again, in 1852, emigrated to Indiana, locating in Albion, Noble Co. 
He purchased the Samuel Woodruff farm north of town, but soon afterward 
traded it for the Worden House. During the excitement regarding the Grand 
Rapids &; Indiana Railroad at Albion, he subscribed almost his total possessions 
to the enterprise, and it ruined him financially. In 1869, he went to Ligonier, 
and engaged in the drug trade, and the practice of his profession. The spring 
of 1880, he purchased a farm near Ligonier, of our subject, and has since been 
engaged in farming. 0. L. Woodruff, was born in Sunbury. Delaware Co., 
Ohio, in ISSU, and is one of six children. He lived with his parents up to the 
time of his father's failure, and since the age of fourteen has been doing for 
himself. At eighteen he had saved sufficient money to attend school one year 
at a Fort Wayne college. After this he attended the Wolcottville Seminary 
over a year, paying the expenses by teaching. Owing to ill-health, he left 
school, and in the spring of 1861 went to Albion, and there enlisted in the 
Nineteenth Indiana Infantry, but was rejected on account of poor health. He 
then clerked in a drug store at Albion, and from there went to Kendallville to 
clerk. By economy, he had saved a sufficient amount to enter into a partner- 
ship at Wolcottville in 1869 in a general store, and has continued that trade at this 
place. His present partner is Hon. 0. B. Taylor. The firm name is 0. L. 
Woodruff & Co., and they do. an average annual business of $20,000. Mr. 
Woodruff was married in 1867 to Lydia Garrison, and they have one adopted 
daughter. Mr. Woodruff is a Republican, and he and wife are members of the 
M. E. Church. 

J. W. YOUNGKINS, M. D., born in Lancaster Co., Penn., 18-34; is the 
youngest of eight children, of whom Abraham and Sarah J. (Montgomery) Young- 
kins were the parents. Dr. Youngkins, at the age of fourteen, came with his par- 
ents to Richland Co., Ohio, where the parents died. He received only a common 
education in Ohio, and in 1855 began the study of medicine, graduating from 
the Medical College at Columbus in 1856. From that time until the breaking- 
out of the war, he practiced in Hancock County, Ohio, and in May, 1861, 
enlisted in the Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and received his com- 
mission as Surgeon. After serving out his time — three months — he re-enlisted 
with his regiment, and was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. For two 
years he was on detailed duty at Winchester, from where he received his dis- 
charge in December 1864. After the war he resumed the practice of his pro- 
fession in Mansfield, Ohio. From there he removed to Butler, De Kalb Co., 
Ind., and from there to Wolcottville, in 1876, where he has since resided. Dr. 
Youngkins has a large and lucrative practice, and is a man of extended informa- 
tion, having traveled across the plains of America in 1851, Mexico and Central 
America in 1852, and Texas in 1872. He has been twice married. First, to 
Mary Ann Hall, who bore him one daughter — May ; and his present wife is 
Eliza Bingham. Dr. Youngkins is a Democrat, and a member of the I. 0. 0. F. 
of Wolcottville. 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 343 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 

WILLIAM BELLAIRS was born in England July 31, 1820. In 1845, ' 
he came to America and located in White Pigeon, Mich., where he remained 
until after he was married, December 19, 1852. He then came to this county 
and settled on a form he had previously purchased. After living here for a 
period of five years, he returned to St. Joseph County, Mich. In 1863, he 
again returned to this county, having exchanged his farm in Michigan for the 
one that he now occupies, in this township. He owns 300 acres of good land, 
well improved. Mrs. Bellairs, formerly Ruth Julin, was born in Ohio, October 
8, 1831. They are members of the Methodist Church and have a family of 
eight children — Olive, Ann, George, Henry, Caroline, Josephine, Levi and 
Mary. Mr. Bellairs is an enterprising citizen and is a member of the Masonic 
fraternity, having attained the third degree in that order. 

ELMER BELOTE is the son of John and Fanny Belote; was born in 
Monroe County, N. Y., August 10, 1814. His father was a native of Connec- 
ticut, born May 2, 1789, and his mother's birth occurred in Rhode Island 
January 1, 1796. They were married in New York State, February 14, 1813, 
and, in 1835, emigrated to La Grange County and located in this township 
on Section 29, where the remainder of their lives was passed. He died 
August 22, 1850, and her death occurred October 26, 1871. They were par- 
ents of eleven children, viz. : Elmer, James S., Joseph M., John B., William 
M., Jefferson A., Naomi E., David E., Andrew I., Amos and an infant. El- 
mer Belote came to this county with his parents and lives on the farm where 
they first located. He and brother John own the old homestead of 200 acres 
and they are both single. Their brother William, who is married, lives with 
them. The subject is a good citizen and has the confidence of all. He has 
served creditably as Township Trustee for a number of vears. 

CHRISTIAN BERGER is the son of George and'Eve Berger, who were 
born, married and died in Germany. The former's birth occurred in 1799 and 
the latter's in 1809, their marriage in 1829 and their deaths in 1871 and 1848 
respectively. They were parents of ten children, viz. : Jacob, George, Eve, 
Magdalena, Katie, John, Harriet, Jane, David and Christian. The latter, our 
subject, was born May 14, 1831, and remained in Germany until October, 
1852, when he came to America, going to Erie County, Penn., where he was 
married, November 10, 1852, to Miss Mary Pfieff"er, also a native of Germany, 
born September 3, 1829. In 1860, they removed from Pennsylvania and have 
since resided in La Grange County. In 1869, Mr. Berger bought his property 
in this township, Section 21, that he has since farmed and improved. He owns 
203 acres of land and has a family of seven children — Levi B., born January 
21, 1856 ; Abner A., October 31, 1859 ; Charlie F., September 16, 1861 ; 
Joseph L., February 18, 1865; Emma M., March 31, 1867; John H., May 
14, 1869; and Edward C, May 14, 1871. Mr. Berger is an enterprising 
resident. Himself and wife are members of the Evangelical Church. 

AMI BERRY, son of Conrad and Lois Berry, is a native of this county 
and was born April 16, 1841, on the farm where he is now living. After his 
marriage, which was consummated March 4, 1868, he settled on the old home- 



344 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

stead farm in this township. Mrs. Berry is a native of Germany, where her 
birth occurred July 19, 1844. Her maiden name was Mary Bardon and she 
was one of ten children in the family of Michael and Catharine Bardon, who 
were also born in Germany, the former January 6, 1810, and the latter April 
27, 1812. The subject's parents were natives of Ohio. His father was born 
June 15, 1813, and his mother .September 28, 1814. Mr. and Mrs. Berry are 
members of the Baptist Church and are very worthy people. They own 140 
acres of ^ood land. Mary A., their only child, was born December 10. 18t)8, 
and died December 5, 1871. 

DANIEL BOYER is the son of Daniel and Mary Boyer. of York County, 
Penn., where they were born, married and died. They had a family of ten 
children. Daniel, the eldest, was born in York County, Penn., September 17, 
1821, and remained there until 18.56, when he located on Section 21, of this 
township. He was first married in his native county, in 1843, to Miss Sarah 
Sleeger, of the same nativity as himself, born in 1822. She died November 9, 
1848. They had two children — Emanuel, born May 27, 1844, and Mary E.. 
December 31, 1845. The latter died June 28, 1881. Mr. Boyer's second 
marriage occurred April 29, 1849, to Mrs. Catharine Sleeger, the daughter of 
Michael and Mary Boeckel, natives of Germany. She was born in York 
County, Penn., February 10, 1820. They have two children — Jemima and 
Franklin S., the former born January 18, 1851, and the latter May 24, 1854. 
The subject and his wife are members of the Evangelical Church and citizens 
that are well respected. Mr. Boyer owns 183 acres of land. His father was 
born in 1800 and his mother in 1802. They were married in 1819. The 
former died in 1864 and the latter in 1881. 

STEPHEN BROWN is living on the old homestead firm, situated in 
this township, and composed of 176 acres of land. He is the third child 
in a family of seven, born to Isaac and Catherine Brown, and is a native of the 
Hoosier State, born in 1840, on the 16th of June. His parents were natives 
of Pennsylvania, where they were married, subsequently removing to this 
State, where Isaac Brown died in 1848, and his widow married John Wenzer in 
December, 1860. He died April 8, 1878, and she died March 7, 1880. Ste- 
phen Brown was married in Elkhart County, Ind., March 17, 1861, to Mary 
Wenzer, a native of that county, born April 8, 1844, and the youngest of 
seven in the family of John and Mary Wenzer. August 18, 1864, Mr. Brown 
enlisted in Company B, Twelfth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, serving through- 
out the entire war. Previous to purchasing the old homestead farm, j\Ir. 
Brown was located in Section 8, in this township, where he moved about one 
year after his marriage. Four children have blessed their union— Samuel I., 
a native of Elkhart County, Ind., born February 10, 1862; John F., born in 
this county January 7, 1864; Jonas A., born May 26, 1868, and Alvie M.. 
whose birth occurred August 11, 1870. 

AMI CALAHAN is the son of Nathaniel and Anna Calahan. The 
former was born in Delaware July 20, 1788, and, when twelve years old. 
accompanied his parents to Washington County, Ohio, where he was afterward 
married. The latter was born in the State of New York, November 19, 1795, 
and moved to Ohio, when a child, with her parents. She married Nathaniel 
Calahan in 1810, and they emigrated to White Pigeon, Mich., in 1830, 
remained but a short time, then came to this county, settling on Section 17, 
this township, where he entered land in June, 1831. June 7, 1837. Mrs. 
Anna Calahan died and he was married in 1847, to Mrs. Esther Olney, and 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 345 

removed to Section 19, where he died July 20, 1855, and she died in 
February, 1858. Mr. Calahan, Sr., had a family of fourteen children. Ami, 
was born in Washington County, Ohio, June 21, 1818, and came to this county 
with his parents. He was married June 18, 1843, to Lucinda Selby, a native 
of Ohio, born March 25, 1817, and the daughter of Charles W. and Elizabeth 
Selby. Soon after this event, Mr. Calahan settled on his present farm, hav- 
ing purchased it in 1840. He now owns 477 acres of land. Mrs. Calahan 
died June 4, 1880, having borne her husband five children — Alfred M., Almon 
L., Ami N. (deceased), Charles R. and Edmon. 

JOHN DALTON, son of Major and Anna Dalton, was born near Al- 
bany, N. Y., July 0, 1810. At the age of fifteen, he went to Geneva, Onta- 
rio Co., N. Y., remained about seven years, and was married there, June 11, 

1831, to Catharine Cooper. She was born in Waterloo, same county, Novem- 
ber 4, 1809. They subsequently resided in Rochester, N. Y., where Mr. Dal- 
ton followed painting about four years. In 1886, he bought land and engaged 
in farming in St. Joseph County, Mich. Here Mrs. Catharine Dalton died, 
July 21, 1838, after which Mr. Dalton visited in New York about six months, 
then returned to Michigan. December 11, 1839, he was married to Laura E. 
Fitch, who was born in Ohio, September 1, 1817. In April, 1841, they came 
to this county, and located in this township, where she died, August 18, 1842. 
Mr. Dalton married his present wife — Anna Hayner — December 20, 1843. 
She is a native of New York, born August 22, 1812. In 1867, he removed 
from Section 12, to Section 13, where he is yet living. Mr. Dalton started in 
life a poor boy, and his efforts have met with abundant success. He owns 
1,227 acres of land, and is an esteemed and prominent citizen. He has held 
honorable positions in office a number of years, having served as Treasurer 
and Trustee, and he and wife are members of the M. E. Church, the subject 
having united with that denomination in 1834. Mr. Dalton, by his first wife, 
had three children, as follows: Charlotte E., born in New York, August 15, 

1832, now Mrs. Bycroft; Mary J., also a native of New York, born May 2, 
1836, now Mrs. Frost, and Cornelius A., born in Michigan, February 4, 1838. 
His present wife has borne him three daughters — Frances A., born January 
27, 1847, now Mrs. Otland, is residing on the homestead farm ; Katie A., 
born July 1, 1849, died June 11, 1873, and Lucelia, born March 23, 1853, 
now Mrs. Huff. Mr. Dalton has also reared an adopted child, Henry A., born 
October 1, 1845, and died May 14, 1868. 

NATHANIEL DAVIDSON is a native of Lancaster County, Penn., 
where he was born June 17, 1831. His parents were natives of the same 
county ; his father, Michael Davidson, was born March 1, 1794, and his mother, 
Rebecca Davidson, May 12, 1794. In 1840, they removed to Erie County, 
Penn., where Michael Davidson died in February, 1869, and she is yet living. 
Their family was composed of four children — Sarah, Catharine, Nathaniel and 
Michael. The subject went to Erie County, Penn., with his parents, and re- 
mained nine years ; he then went to Erie City to learn the shoemaker's trade. 
After serving an apprenticeship of three years he returned home, then again 
resumed his trade in Erie City, and was employed by various parties. In 
1854, he came to Goshen, Ind., made a limited sojourn, and went back to 
Pennsylvania. In 1855, he went to Iowa, and after spending two years there 
returned again to his native State, and was married, October 8, 1857, to Mrs. 
Martha Gerst, who was born in Erie County, Penn., April 24, 1832. In 
1861, they came to La Grange County, and located in this township. They 



346 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

lived four years with his parents, then Mr. Davidson went to the village of 
Van Buren, where he was engaged in working at his trade about three years. 
The following nine years he was employed in working on the home farm, remov- 
ing then to his present farm, of 198 acres, in Section 27. Mr. and Mrs. David- 
son belong to the Methodist Church, and have had five children — Charlotte V., 
David P., William E., Sarah C., and Earl, deceased. 

VOLNEY C. DIBBLE is the son of Andrew and Percy Dibble ; the | 
former was born in Connecticut, in 1777, and the latter in New York, in 1782. J 
They were married in 1798, in the last-named State, where they spent the rest ' 
of their lives, and where their children, eleven in number, were born. An- > 
drew Dibble died in 1875, and his wife in 1863. Volney C. Dibble's birth oc- 
curred January 8, 1807, in New York State, and he was married, December 
31, 1829, to Fidelia Parker, who was born November 3, 1811, in New York, i 
where they lived until 1843, then came to this county, and settled in Lima, • 
where Mr. Dibble started a wagon-shop, and continued that business until ' 
1859, when he sold out, went to Elkhart County, Ind., and one year subse- 
quently returned to this county and bought a farm in Newbury Township. Af- 
terward resided four years in De Kalb County, Ind., then settled on his pres- 
ent farm of 44 acres, in Section 28, this township. Mr. Dibble is one of the 
enterprising citizens, and has a family of three children — Hannah, Lauretta 
and Adelbert. 

EMANUEL EAGLEY is a native of Pennsylvania, born on the 26th 
of May, 1853. He was accompanied to the West by his parents, John and 
Leah Eagley, and soon after he was married, settled on his present farm of 
120 acres, that is located on Section 18 of this township. His wife, Mrs. Mary 
Eagley, was born at Sturgis, Mich., December 14, 1857. She is a member of 
the Evangelical Church, and her parents were Frederick and Christena Kiel- 
kopf She was united in marriage to Emanuel Eagley on the 17th of January, 
1876. To their union two children have been born — Frederick E. and Alta 
M.; the former's birth transpired May 5, 1877, and that of the latter Novem- 
ber 29, 1879. Mr. Eagley spent his youth with his parents, receiving the 
average school advantages. His farm presents an improved appearance and he 
is one of the reliable men of this township. 

JOHN EAGLY, Jr., was born in Erie County, Penn., March 31, 
1849, and came West with his parents, John and Leah Eagley, with whom he 
remained until reaching the age of twenty-one. December 12, 1869, he was 
united in marriage to Saloma Brown ; she is a native of this State, her birth 
occurring on the 5th of September, 1848. He owns a farm of 101 acres, where 
he has lived ever since he was married, although he, did not make a purchase 
of, it until 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Eagly are members of the Evangelical 
Church. Three children have been born to them — Alinde E., December 13, 
1872 ; Katie J., December 13, 1875, and Alverada B., whose birth occurred 
September 14, 1879. Mr. Eagly is a good farmer and is reckoned among the 
best citizens of his township. 

L. E. FERGUSON, the youngest of four children, was born September 
22, 1845, on the farm where he is residing, it formerly being the home of his 
parents. He attended the Ann Arbor University, in Michigan, four years, 
from which he graduated in 1870, then returned to the homestead farm which 
he managed two years, spending the following year in California ; after return- 
ing, he spent one year in lake surveying and one year in traveling. In 1876, 
he bought the old homestead and resumed farming. He owns 290 acres ot 



VAN BUKE\ TOWXSlIir. 347 

good land with buildings to correspond. Mrs Mary J. (Odle) Ferguson is a 
native of Michigan, where she was born the 30th of June, 1858. She was 
married to Mr. Ferguson September 18, 1878 ; they have two children — John 
A., born August 13, 1879, and Maud E., February 9, 1881. Mr. Ferguson 
is the son of George W. and Elizabeth Ferguson, who were married in Penn- 
sylvania April 26, 1825; she was born in that State August 6, 1806, and he 
was born in New Hampshire January 27, 1799. They came to this county in 
1836, and located where the subject is now living, then went to White Pigeon, 
Mich., returning to their farm after an absence of five years. In 1871, they 
again returned to White Pigeon, Mich., where they lived" in retirement until 
their death ; she died May 15, 1874, and he died April 15, 1876. 

JAMES E. FISH is a native of this county, and the son of Samuel and 
Elizabeth Fish, who were born in the State of New York. The subject was 
born November 19, 1845, since which time he has been a resident of La Grange 
County. December 16, 1868, the event of his marriage occurred to Miss 
Olive S. Morehouse. About two years afterward they moved onto their farm 
of eighty acres in Section 28, of this township, where they dwell amid comfort- 
able surroundings. In their family are two girls and one boy ; Hattie, the 
eldest, was born in 1869, on the 29th of October; Norah's birth occurred Jan- 
uary 16, 1874, and Charles 0. was born October 8, 1876. Nathan and Har- 
riet Morehouse were the parents of Mrs. Fish ; they had a ftimily of eight 
children ; Olive S., the oldest,, was born in New York, May 6, 1843. Mr. 
Fish, although comparatively a young man, is an experienced and practical 
farmer, and his property is well improved. 

ALBERT GREGORY was born in New York June 6, 1841, and is the 
son of Goodsell and Marcia Gregory, who were natives of New Y^ork and the 
jiarents of five children. The former was born in 1806 and the latter in 1805. 
They were married, in 1836, in their native State,, where they continued to 
reside until 1845, at which time they came to this county, locating at Ontario, 
and four years afterward removed to the farm in this township where Albert 
Gregory now lives and where Mrs. Marcia Gregory died March 11, 1861. 
Goodsell Gregory was married a second time December 15, 1861, to Mrs. R. 
A. Lewis. Subsequently they removed to White Pigeon, Mich., where he died 
November 31, 1868; after which she married again. At the age of twenty- 
two, Albert Gregory began work for himself, and in November, 1864, enlisted 
in Company A, One Hundred and Forty-second Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 
and served until the close of the war. He was married to Elizabeth Driver, 
December 25, 1866. She was born in Perry County, Ohio, April 6, 1842. 
They have had five children — Marion B., Will B., Leroy D. (deceased), George 
E. and Jay D. Mr. Gregory bought the homestead farm soon after his mar- 
riage. It is composed of 100 acres of well-improved land. 

AQUILA HINKLE, a native of Erie County, Penn., was born January 
9, 1884. His parents, Andrew and Catharine Hinkle, were born in Pennsyl- 
vania, the former in August, 1794, and the latter in October of the same year. 
They were married in the same State in 1819, and came, in 1864, to Indiana. 
They located in this township on Section 18, but subsequently took up their 
residence with their son Aquila, and after living with him a few years, Andrew 
Hinkle purchased property in Lima, expecting to spend the rest of his life 
there, but his wife died March, 1874, and he returned again to the home of the 
subject, where he is yet living. In his family were nine children — William, 
Amos, Catharine, Henry, Elizabeth, John, Aquila and Priscilla (twins) and 



348 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Jacob. Aquila Hinkle came to this county with his parents. He was married 
in Crawford County, Penn., March 10, 1859, to Mary Boyer, a native of that 
State, born April 13, 1840, and the eldest of six children in the family of 
Abraham and Elizabeth Boyer. They also were natives of Pennsylvania, her 
father's birth occurring in April, 1812, and her mother's in October, 1815. 
The former died in June, 18-54, and the latter still resides in Pennsylvania. 
Mr. and Mrs. Hinkle remained in Erie County, Penn., a few years after their 
union, and then emigrated to this county. They lived with the subject's par- 
ents until 1872, when Mr. Hinkle purchased and removed to his farm of 120 
acres in Section 29' of this township. They have an only child, Emma L., 
who was born in Erie County, Penn.. February 23, 1860. 

CHRISTIAN HOOFNAGLE is a native of Union County, Penn., where 
his birth occurred December 1, 1839. He subsequently accompanied his par- 
ents, John H. and Mary A. Hoofnagle, to Ohio, removing thence to La 
Grange County in 1865. The subject owns a farm of eighty acres in this 
township and provides a home for his parents and a sister. During the late 
war, he served on the field of battle until the close, enlisting, in August, 1862, 
in Company K, One Hundredth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Mr. Hoofnagle is 
unmarried. He is a thrifty and enterprising farmer, with flattering prospects 
for the future. 

M. HOOFNAGLE was born in Snyder County, Penn., April 27, 1839, 
and in 1852 left his native State, in company with his parents, who located 
in Ohio, where the subject remained until the age of eighteen, then went to Il- 
linois, where he resided four years. Returning to Ohio, he enlisted, November 
11, 1861, in Company B, Seventy-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, served 
three years, and was discharged ; then re-enlisted in same company, and re- 
mained until the war closed, September 11, 1865 ; he then came to this county 
and farmed two years, when he sold out to his brother. December 24, 1867, 
he was married to Miss Sarah B. Steininger, and located in St. Joseph County, 
Mich., where they resided until 1876, then returned to this county, where he 
has been engaged in managing his father-in-law's farm, in this township. Mrs. 
Hoofnagle is of the same nativity as her husband, and was born May 15, 1847. 
She is the daughter of Simon and Catharine Steininger, and the youngest of 
three children. The subject is one of ten children in the family of John H. 
and Mary Hoofnagle, of Pennsylvania. They belong to the Reformed Church, 
and have three sons — John S., a native of St. Joseph County, Mich., born 
February 26, 1872; Eugene B.. born May 28, 1875, in same place, and Wil- 
lard A., a native of this county, born July 16, 1880. 

ISAAC G. MISNER is the son of Joseph and Sarah C. Misner. and 
next to the eldest of nine children. The first twenty-seven years of his life 
were spent in Canada, where he was born June 19. 1828. He then went to 
Elkhart County, Ind., and was married, at White Pigeon, Mich., December 
17, 1855, to Miss Eliza Fleming. She was born on the farm where they now 
live, December 22, 1835, and is the only child of Tyler and Samantha Flem- 
ing. Her father was born in New .Jersey April 23. 1811, and died Septem- 
ber 7, 1839. Her mother was a native of New York State, born August 17, 
1806, and died February 13, 1872. Soon after marrying, Mr. Misner settled 
on his farm of 150 acres, in this township. Mr. and Mrs. Misner have no fam- 
ily. They are fine people, and, besides their property here, own 120 acres of 
land in Kansas. Mr. Misner's parents were Canadians by birth, and were 
married in 1826, May 10. In April, 1856, they journeyed to this county, 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 349 

where Joseph Misner died, December 30, 1859. He was born November 5, 
1S05. Mrs. Sarah Misner was seventy-six years old on the 15th of February, 
1882, and is spending her last days with her children. 

JOHN McDonald is the son of Robert and Nancy McDonald, both 
of whom were born in Albany County, N. Y., the former June 12, 1799, and 
the latter January 27, 1805. They were married about 1821, in their native 
State, where they are yet residents. Robert McDonald represented the county 
of Schoharie, N. Y., in the State Legislature, and in his family were eleven 
cliildren. John, the subject, was born May 14, 1831, in New York, where he 
was married, January 23, 1856, to Barbara Pitcher. She died, October 14, 
1857, leaving one child. In 1858, Mr. McDonald went to St. Joseph County, 
Mich., and was there married to his present wife, September 18, 1861. She 
was Mary C. Purdy, a native of New York, where she was born November 22, 
1836. They came to La Grange County in 1864, where he bought a farm, 
and settled, soon after removing to his pi-esent location. He owns 240 acres 
of excellent land, and has a family of four children — E. B., born in New York, 
October 14, 1857 ; N. Medie and N. Mettie (twins), born July 8, 1870, and 
Emily Dell, May 10, 1873. 

PETER MOAK is the son of Jacob and Margaret Moak, natives of New 
York, the former born in 1778, and the latter in 1786. They were married in 
1S16, and remained in New York until they went to White Pigeon, Mich., 
from whence they came to this township, where their last days were passed. 
She died in 1842, and he in 1855. They were members of the Reformed 
Church, and parents of five children. Peter Moak was born in New York on 
tlie 3d of May, 1823, and came here with his parents in 1835, remaining with 
them until the age of twenty-five. February 10, 1847, he was united in mar- 
riiige with Miss L. Satchel, native of New York, born July 20, 1827. He then 
briught the old homestead, where they lived two years, then exchanged for an- 
other farm ; lived there seven years, then removed to his present location. May 
20, 187T, the death of Mrs. Moak occurred, and January 15, 1879, Mr. Moak 
and Mrs. Eliza A. Crockett were united in matrimony. She is the daughter 
of John and Polly McDonald, and was born in New York in 1832, October 
23. In the family of Mr. Moak there were four children — two living, Clara 
and Wallace, and two deceased, Ettie and Henry ; the former died December 
lii, 1872, and the latter September 2, 1878. Mr. Moak is a man of enter- 
prise, and owns a farm of 128 acres, that is well improved, with good build- 
ings. 

JAMES MOONEY is a native of Lancaster County, Penn. ; born 
December 25, 1824, and is the son of James and Margaret Mooney ; in 1827, 
hi' went with his parents to Erie County, Penn., where he was married No- 
vember 4, 1847, to Juliann Fry, who was born on board vessel October 16, 
1828, while her parents were en route to this county from Germany ; after 
coming to this county they settled on the farm where they are yet residing ; it 
is situated in Section 33, is well improved and comprises 240 acres of land ; 
Mr. Mooney ranks among the best farmers and prominent citizens of his town- 
ship. They have seven children — Frederick, born October 26, 1848 ; Jacob, 
September 8, 1850 ; Mary, January 14, 1853 ; Anna, August 10, 1856 ; 
Ellen, June 8, 1860 ; Agnes, September 4, 1861 ; these were all born in Erie 
County, Penn., and George D., the youngest was born in this county October 
19, 1865. Mr. Mooney's parents were born in Lancaster County, Penn., his 
father September 20, 1795, and his mother February 21, 1790 ; they were 



350 ♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

married in the same county in September, 1818, and remained there until they 
moved to Erie County, same State; in 186-1, they emigrated to this county, 
lived in Lima Township one year, then returned to Pennsylvania, makin"- a 
second trip to this county about two years subsequently, when they settled in 
this township, where Mr. Mooney died September 10, 1869 ; she is yet living, 
and resides at the home of the subject. Their fomily consisted of four chil- 
dren — Henry, James, Martha and Jacob. 

R. L. NEWMAN was born in Philadelphia, Penn., December 12, 1820, 
and is the son of John D. and Ursula Newman. At the age of three years, he 
accompanied his parents to New York City, where he remained until he was 
eleven years old, when his mother died and he went to live with an uncle ; he 
came with the family of the latter, about a year afterward, to this county ; thev 
settled in Lima Township on Section 20, and with them the subject remained 
until he was eighteen, when he commenced working out by the month, continued 
about two years, then went to Lima and began serving a three years' appren- 
ticeship at the carpenter's trade, and followed the same for some time ; Febru- 
ary 5, 1843, he married Mary A. Parker, who was born in New York July 
10, 1820 ; all his earthly possessions — an old horse — he exchanged for its 
value in furniture, and began housekeeping. Through energy and economv he 
has amassed a comfortable fortune, owning now 260 acres of land and good 
buildings. He is a citizen that is well respected; five children have been born 
to himself and wife — Rozane H., February 22, 1844; Frances E., August 2, 
1847, died August 21, 1850; Delmar A., March 24, 1851; Orlinda C, Au- 
gust 16, 1854, and Charles R., June 28, 1864. 

WILLIAM S. OLNEY is a native of this county, and was born Sep- 
tember 16, 1834, on the farm where he is residing. His parents, John and 
Esther Olney, were early settlers of this county, locating on Section 19, Van 
Buren Township, in 1830. His father's birth occurred February 24, 1800, 
and his mother's March 13, 1802 ; they were married in Ohio August 14, 
1823. John Olney died in 1841, June 9, and his widow was afterward mar- 
ried to Nathaniel Calahan March 23, 1847, and they died on the farm now 
owned by the subject, the former February 12, 1858, and the latter July 20, 
1855. She had a family of seven children — John D., Truman M., Betsey A., 
Asa J., Henry, William S. and Martin V. After the death of his parents, the 
subject and one brother bought the old homestead. William S. purchased his 
brother's interest in the winter of 1881-82, and now owns 401 acres of excel- 
lent land. His marriage to Miss Delila J. Sidener occurred June 10, 1858 ; 
she was born in this county October 2, 1839, and is the eldest of eight chil- 
dren born to Nicholas and Margaret Sidener. Mr. and Mrs. Olney are mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church, and have had three children— Charles B., born 
June 30, 1859, died May 1.5, 1873; Eddie A., born September 17, 1862, now 
attending school at Sturgis, Mich., and an infant born October 27, 1873, and 
died November 28, 1873. 

THOMAS PEATLING is a native of England, where his birth occurred 
September 7, 1828. His parents, William and Ann Peatling. were English 
people; the former was born February 7, 1798, and the latter June 20, 1802; 
their marriage occurred September 12, 1820. Mrs. Ann Peatling died May 
30, 1842, and August 4, 1845, William Peatling was again married. In 1848, 
lie emigrated to America, settling in Beaver County, Penn., where he is yet a 
resident ; his second wife died September 1, 1873. Thomas Peatling crossed 
the ocean in 1850, and went to Beaver County, Penn., where he was married 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 351 

March 28, 1855, to Elizabeth Oalpass, also a native of England, born June 26, 
1826. She is next to the youngest of seven children born to Robert and Ann 
Calpass. In 18^4, Mr. Peatling moved to St. Joseph County, Mich., where 
he remained until 1880, when he sold out and bought the farm where he now 
lives, in Section 16, of this township. He owns 2-40 acres of land that is fur- 
nished with good buildings. Mr. and Mrs. Peatling belong to the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, and have had six children — Willard C, born September 9, 
1856 ; Ann C. and Edward A., twins, born May 13, 1858, the latter died July 27, 
1858; Thomas E., May 4, 1860; Elizabeth, March 23, 1862, died February 
6, 1864, and Joseph B.. November 12, 1864. 

P. W. PRESTON is the son of Thomas Preston, one of the oldest 
pioneers of La Grange County. The subject was born in England October 9, 
1820, and came to this country with his parents, who settled on land in Section 
26, of this township. He is one of nine children, and lived at home until 
twenty-six years of age. May 30, 1847, he married Margaret C. Iron, a na- 
tive of Delaware, where her birth occurred June 8, 1828. They did not locate 
permanently until after his father's death, when he removed to and soon after 
purchased the homestead farm, where he has since remained, and has assisted 
in caring for his aged mother. The farm consists of 109 acres and is excel- 
lently improved. Mr. and Mrs. Preston are members of the Baptist Church, 
and have a family of eight children — L. H., Mary C, W. S., E. W., Eliza- 
beth J., R. A., Martha B., and Margaret F. Although Mr. Preston is a 
mechanic, he devotes his attention exclusively to farming. 

JOHN F. ROTE is the third of a family of seven children, and a native 
of Snyder County, Penn, where he was born April 9,1842. His parents were 
Solomon and Maria Rote ; they were both born in Pennsylvania, the former 
in 1809 and the latter in 1810. In 1849, they removed from their native 
State to St. Joseph County, Mich., where Mrs. Maria Rote died in 1870, her 
husband's death occurring three years later. John F. Rote accompanied his 
parents to Michigan and remained with them until he was twenty-four years 
old. He has been married three times ; his first wife was Harriet Brokaw, to 
whom he was united December 22, 1866 ; his second marriage occurred March 
14, 1872, to Lucy A. Robinson, by whom he had one child — Solomon D. 
Mrs. Lucy Rote died in 1873, and May 22, 1879, he was married to his present 
wife, Jennie Dean. They have one child — Ira U. Mr. Rote owns a good 
farm of eighty acres, and is a member of the Reformed Church. 

JACOB SCHMIDT, the eldest of a family of nine children, born to 
Jacob and Elizabeth Schmidt, is a native of Germany, his birth transpiring 
October 13, 183L He is of German parentage, the birth of liis father occur- 
ring in 1803, and that of his mother seven years later ; they were married in 
1830, and passed their entire lives in Germany. Mrs. Elizabeth Schmidt died 
in 1865, and five years afterward her husband followed her to the grave. Jacob 
Schmidt came to America in 1854, and located at White Pigeon, Mich., where 
he was married November 15, 1862, and resided until he moved to his present 
home in this township. He is the owner of 186 acres of land that is under 
good cultivation and lies in Section 18. Mrs. Schmidt, formerly Nancy 
Steininger, was born in Pennsylvania September 24, 1839. In the family of 
Mr. Schmidt there are eight children — John VV., Ellen A., Ida E., George E., 
Louisa M., Charles C, Edward W. and Lula A. 

JOHN SHERWOOD, son of William H. and Elizabeth Sherwood, was 
born in Ontario County, N. Y., September 26, 1821. His parents were 



852 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

natives respectively of Orange and Oswego Counties, N. Y., the former born 
October 18, 1798, and the latter August 26, 1799. They were married May 
4, 1819. in the latter county, and remained in New York until 1853, then 
moved to Elkhart County, Ind., settling near Goshen. About ten years after- 
ward they emigrated to Illinois, and lived with their daughter, until he died, 
March 18, 187.3. She afterward went to Marshalltown, Iowa, where she died, 
November 27. 1875, at the home of her son. Dr. A. C. Sherwood. They were 
parents of nine children — Sarah, deceased ; John, Diana, Betsy A., deceased ; 
A. C, M. A., deceased; Isaac N., deceased ; Mary L.; and D. B., deceased. 
The subject lived with his parents until seventeen, and received a good educa- 
tion. In 1842, he came to Steuben County, Ind., going from there to Ohio, 
but returned soon to this State, and engaged in school teaching near Goshen. 
He remained about four years, and April 9, 1845, was married to Lucinda M. 
Storn, who was born in New York. June 21, 1828. She died eighteen days 
after her union with Mr. Sherwood, and he then returned to his home in New 
York. December 24, 1846, he was married to Elizabeth Savage, also a native 
of New York, born March 29, 1824. He left New York in 1854, and went to 
Michigan, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits, continuing the same until 
April, 1857, when he sold out and began farming in Cass County, Mich. Two 
years afterward he located in this county, and has since remained. He is one 
of the prominent citizens, owns a farm of 220 acres in this township, is a mem- 
ber of the I. 0. 0. F., and has a family of nine children — Almond E., Nelson 
A., Ida L., Amy H.. John B., Editha J., Ella A., Guisippi G. and Sarah E. 

H. M. SIDENER, a prosperous and enterprising farmer, is a native of 
this county, where he was boru October 3, 1841, and has ever since made it 
his home. His marriage to Miss Mary C. Hinkle was consummated June 22, 
1869. She was born in Pennsylvania May 13, 1849, and is the daughter of 
William and Matilda Hinkle. In 1867, Mr. Sidener bought property located 
in Section 28 of this township, where he resided until 1880, when he sold it and 
purchased a farm in Section 29, where he took up his abode, and has remained 
since. He has always been engaged in the pursuit of agriculture, and at present 
owns 111 acres of fine land. Mr. and Mrs. Sidener have an only son — Roy 
G., who was born in this county., March 11. 1881. Mr. Sidener is the son of 
Nicholas and Margaret Sidener. 

NICHOLAS SIDENER owns 300 acres of land in this township, which 
is well improved. He came to La Grange County, in 1835, and bought his 
present farm. Returning to Ohio, he was married April 6, 1837, to Margaret 
Bussard, and soon after settled in this township, on Section 30. where his form 
was located, and where he had entered 160 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Sidener are 
both natives of Fairfield County, Ohio. He was born December 3, 1811, and 
she June 27, 1817. They have had nine children — Dellia J., Henry M., 
Samuel L., Willard, John, Mary, James E., Martha E. and Margaret E. They 
are among the oldest resident pioneers, and belong to the M. E. Cliurch, of 
which Mr. Sidener has been a member since 1839. He is the son of Nicholas 
and Nancy Sidener. His father was born in Virginia September 1, 17"3, and 
was twice married; first, in Kentucky, to the subject's mother, who was born 
in Pennsylvania in 1782, and died in Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1821 ; they had 
eleven children. His second wife was Mrs. Sarah Prough, by whom he had 
five cliildren. He died in 1851. Mr. Sidener has accumulated all his present 
wealth (except $1,000) by his own exertions, and has sold 113 acres of fine 
land. He has assisted in laying out the roads, and in building the bridges in 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 358 

the township, and is a respected and valued citizen. Both his grandfathers 
came from Pennsylvania, and resided at one time in Kentucky ; his grand- 
father Kline subsequently locating in Ohio at an early day. 

SAMUEL L. SIDENER, the son of Nicholas and Margaret Sidener, 
was born in this county July 23, 184:3. He remained at home and assisted 
his parents, until he was twenty-two years old. April 18, 1865, he was united 
in marriage to Miss Ettie E. Parker, who was born in this county in 1848. 
Soon after, they located on one of his father's farms on Section "20, this town- 
ship, where they resided until her death July 24, 1875, after which Mr. Side- 
ner returned to the home of his parents. January 18, 1878, he was married 
to his second and present wife, Annie E. Wolf, a native of Erie County, Penn., 
where she was born June 25, 1852. They moved into a house built by his 
father, where they have since lived, and he has been engaged in farming the 
old homestead. Mr. Sidener has a family of two children — Ralph, born Jan- 
uary 20, 1868, and Alta M., September 23, 1870. 

E. SIXBEY is the son of John and Elizabeth Sixbey, natives of New 
York ; the birth of the former occurring September 9, 1781, and that of the 
latter August 28, 1782. They were married in their native State in 1805, and 
in 1835 went to White Pigeon, Mich., remained until they came to Indiana, 
where she died in La Grange County, in May, 1852, and Mr. Sixbey subse- 
quently married, and died in 1855. The subject, one of thirteen children, was 
born in New York January 5, 1819; came here with his parents, and remained 
with them until the age of twenty-six. February 15, 1843, he was married to 
Orpha L. Barnes, a native of New York, born October 17, 1820. After 
farming two years on his father's place, Mr. Sixbey moved to his land in Sec- 
tion 14, this township, where he is now living. In 1850, he went to Califor- 
nia, where he was engaged in mining five years. He owns 150 acres of land 
and has a family of five children — Frank E.. born February 24, 1844, now a 
stock-dealer of New Mexico; John, April 11, 1846, railroading; Catherine 
S., August 20,1848, school-teacher; Charles, March 6, 1858, railroading; 
and Orpha M., April 6, 1862, a music- teacher. Mr. Sixbey is a member of 
the Masonic Order, and has served his township two years as Trustee. 

N. N. SIXBEY was born in New York, January 31, 1833 ; two years 
later his parents, Nicholas and Christiana Sixbey, natives of New York, came 
west to White Pigeon, Mich., thence to this county, where they bought 640 
acres of land, subsequently moving to St. Joseph County, Mich., where they 
lived on a 240-acre farm until 1865, and then removed to near Sturgis, where 
they lived five years, finally locating in Vistula, Elkhart Co., Ind., where 
Nicholas Sixbey died November 26, 1875, and his wife December 20, of the 
same year. The former was born February 13, 1806, and the latter Decem- 
ber 20, 1804. They were married in Kentucky in 1824, were members of the 
Reformed Church and had thirteen children. November 17, 1857, N. N. Sixbey 
and Louisiana Olney were married. She was born in this county November 
30, 1837, and is the youngest of two children in the family of Asa and Thank- 
ful Olney, natives of Ohio. Her father was born in 1805 and her mother in 
1811 ; they were married in 1829. They came to this county about one year 
afterward, and are now living in Section 18, this township. Mr. and Mrs. 
Sixbey first located on Section 14, this township, afterward removing to Sec- 
tion 13, where they are living, and he owns 214 acres of land that is well 
improved. They are of the Methodist denomination and have a family of two 
children — Cora E., born March 6, 1870, and Lora E., November 27, 1874. 



354 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

EDWARD SNYDER was born in Union County, Penn., September 17, 
1812, where he passed the earlier part of his life and was married in 1832, on 
the 22d of September, to Mary A. Stallnecker. She was born in the same 
county August 11, 1813 ; they moved on a farm, previously purchased by the 
subject, and lived there until 1866, when they sold out and removed to Noble 
County. Ind. Near Avilla they settled on a farm, making their home there 
eight years, at the end of which period Mr. Snyder bought his farm in this 
township. It comprises 120 acres of good land, and is located in Section 15. 
Mrs. Edward Snyder died at her home August 13, 1873, leaving a husband 
and six children to mourn her loss. The children are Charles, Mary E., 
Sarah, Add M., Anna E. and Edward S. Mr. Snyder's parents — George and 
Peggy Snyder — were natives of Pennsylvania. Subject and family are mem- 
bers of the Lutheran Church. 

SAMUEL H. STEININGER is a native of Snyder County, Penn., and 
the son of Simon and Catharine Steininger. They came to this county about 
1854 and are now living in White Pigeon, Mich., and are parents of three 
children. Simon Steininger was born April 27, 1818. and Catharine, his wife, 
September 18, 1825. Samuel II. was their second child. He was born May 
14, 1844, and came here with his parents, remaining with them until twenty- 
three years old. After he was married, December 24, 1867, to Miss Amanda 
Sterner, he worked the home farm until he moved to his present location, that 
was purchased by his father in 1876. The latter owns considerable real estate 
and has retired from active labor. Mr. and Mrs. Steininger are among the 
estimable families of this township and are members of the Lutheran Church. 
Mrs. Steininger is a native of the Buckeye State, where her birth occurred 
September 26, 1844, and has borne her husband two children. Willard S. was 
born January 27, 1869, and Franklin I. December 23, 1871. 

ROBERT T. THORN was born in England July 23, 1809; married 
there in 1832, July 2, to Miss Maria Dunn, and remained there until about 
forty years of age. He worked at a mechanic's trade in TIngland until 
1850, when he emigrated to America and located at Bellville, Ohio. Eight 
years subsequently he removed to Indiana ; resided in Elkhart one year, then 
settled on his farm in this township, where he owns eighty acres of good farm- 
ing land. Mr. Thorn has retired from active work. His parents, John and 
Elizabeth Thorn, were English people. His wife also was born in England, in 
1811, on the 25th of March. Mr. and Mrs. Thorn have had born to them 
twelve children, six of whom have died. Those living are Elizabeth M., Maria, 
Robert, Seella, Emma and William H., and those deceased, John, Theresa, 
Richard. William, Theresa and John. 

CASPER WEISS is a native of Germany, born November 25, 1840, the 
next to the youngest of eight children born to Emanuel and Elizabeth Weiss, 
who were natives of Germany. The subject, at the age of seventeen, emi- 
grated to America, going first to Erie County, Penn., where he lived four years 
and during that time learned blacksmithing. He next removed to Grant 
County, Wis., and there resumed his trade. After a lapse of two years he 
returned to Erie County, Penn., and September 3, 1864, enlisted in the army, 
serving until its close. Returning to Pennsylvania, after a brief period he 
came to this county, selecting, as a desirable location, Van Buren, where he 
established a shop and resumed his trade, and is doing a good business. Octo- 
ber 26, 1865, Mr. Weiss was married to Mary Schwitzer, and they have one 
child, a daughter, Rosie A., who was born July 13, 1872. They are members 



VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 355 

of the Evangelical Church. Mrs. Weiss was born in Germany September 14, 
1845, and he owns property in this town. 

HENRY WEISS is a native of Germany, where he was born August 19, 
1834. He started for America the 18th of April, 1856, and landed in New 
York City June 7 of the same year. Starting the ne.xt day, he went direct to 
Erie County, Penn., where he remained some time, and was married March 
27, 1861, to Anna Schweitzer, who was born in Germany November 14, 1843. 
In 1865, they came to Indiana, settling in Van Buren Township, this county, 
and in 1874 purchased his present farm of eighty acres in Section 23. Mr. 
Weiss belongs to the Evangelical Church, and is, the son of Emanuel and 
Elizabeth Weiss, who were Germans and parents of eight children, viz. : John, 
Justus, Elizabeth, Peter, Henry, Jacob, Casper and Catherine. Emanuel 
Weiss was born in 1800 and his wife in 1796. They were married in 1826, 
and she died in Germany July 22, 1855. He came to America in 1868, and 
spent the remainder of his days with his son Henry. He died June 20, 1871. 
Mr. and Mrs. Weiss have three children — Charles E., born April 29, 1862; 
J. Casper, January 17, 1865; and Clara, April 4, 1870. 

JONAS WENGER, son of John and Mary Wenger, natives of Canada ; 
Jonas was born in Canada December 16, 1828, and was next to the oldest in a 
family of seven children. He came to the United States with his parents in 
1S47, and remained with them until he was twenty years old. He was mar- 
ried, August 30, 1848, to Miss Elizabeth Black, who was born in Ohio October 
19, 1824. After their marriage he purchased a farm in Elkhart County, Ind.; 
here they moved and lived until 1863. when he sold out and came to La Grange 
County, purchasing and settling on a farm in this township, in Section 16 ; in 
1872, he removed to Section 21, where, at present, he is located, and owns 340 
acres of excellent land. Mr. Wenger is one of the enterprising farmers of his 
township. He and wife belong to the Evangelical Church, and have a family 
of four boys and two girls — John F., Samuel, Henry, Mary A., Jacob and 
Katie L. 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 

J. K. BYLER, the proprietor of a hardware and agricultural implement 
store in Haw Patch Center, is a son of .Jonathan and Catherine C. Byler, 
natives of Pennsylvania. He was the third in a family of eight children, and 
was born in Union County, Penn., July 26, 1847, and came to Noble County 
with his parents in 1855. Beginning in 1871, he served an apprenticeship at 
the carpenter's trade and worked at carpentering about two years, after which 
he was engaged, by J. W. Hall, in the sale and erection of the Hall Wind-mill. 
He continued in this employment after the firm changed to Flint, Wallen & 
Co. He subsequently engaged in farming, continuing until October 25, 1881, 
when he started his present line of business. He carries a complete stock of 
goods, and is receiving the assistance his enterprise merits. Mr. Byler was 
married to Hannah M. Miller December 28, 1875, in Noble County ; she was 
a native of Pennsylvania ; they have two children — Ida, born June 3, 1878, 
and Ora, born August 22, 1880. Mr. Byler owns some property in this 
vicinity, and his family follow the teachings of the Omish Mennonite Church. 

PATRICK CARR, son of Franklin and Mary Carr, was born in Ire- 
land March 17, 1829 ; his parents were married about the year 1811, and 
died in Ireland, his father's death occurring about 1841, and his mother's 



.S.'je BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

in 1833; Patrick Oarr was the third of eight children, and remained in 
Ireland until 1850, when he came to the United States, landing in New 
York. He remained there and in vicinity five years, then came to this 
county, and, in 1861, December 25, enlisted in Company I, Forty-eighth 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and remained in the war until its close. 
After his return he purchased his farm in this township. Mr. Carr is 
a systematic and thrifty farmer. November 2;!, 1865, he was married to 
Miss Hannah Carey, who was born in Boston, Mass., December 20, 1848. 
Her parents were Michael and Catherine Carey, natives of Ireland ; they have 
seven children — Lilly C, born November 21, 1866 ; Mary B., October 8, 
1868; Frank J.. January 3, 1870; Michael C, October 23, 1875; Thomas 
L., March 10, 1877; and twins, William P. and John W., born October 20, 
1881. Mr. Carr and family are all members of the Catholic Church. 

DR. J. N. DENNY, son of John and Mary Denny, is a native of Elkhart 
County, Ind. His father was born in Wheeling, W.Va., March 8, 1790, and 
his mother in Franklin County, Penn., April 23, 1797. Their marriage was 
celebrated at Steubenville, Ohio, March 2, 1822; they remained at the latter 
place until 1834, at which time they came to Elkhart County, then a wilder- 
ness filled with wild animals, but three years later took up their residence in 
La Grange County. The father died at his residence on Section 35, in April, 
1867, but the mother yet survives. This worthy man and wife experienced 
through the long years all the trials incident to the settlement of a new coun- 
try. The father was a man of more than ordinary intelligence. At last, full 
of years, like the patriarchs of old, he was gathered to his fathers — his life 
work was done. To these parents four children were born — W. J., in Ohio, 
March, 1825 ; J. M., in Ohio, October, 1827 ; F. M., in Ohio, April, 1882, 
and J. N., the subject of this sketch, in September, 1834 ; the latter has al- 
ways been the "home boy." His early education was received from different 
sources, but in 1856 he began the study of medicine at Goshen, continuing 
hard at work for three years, at tJie end of which time he took a course of 
lectures at the famous Rush Medical College, Chicago. He then returned to 
his father's farm on Section 35, "hung out his shingle," where he has remained 
in successful practice since. He is yet unmarried. The four children of this 
family are, intellectually, much above the average. W. J., the eldest, lives at 
the old home, himself and Dr. Denny owning 300 acres of fine land. J. M. 
is an eminent attorney at Albion, and is the author of an excellent chapter in 
this volume. F. M. is a practicing physician in California. The father was 
for some time an Associate Judge of the county, and his memory is treasured 
by a large circle of friends and relatives. 

W. H. FRANKS, M. D., is the only son of Samuel and Susan Franks, 
and was born in Fayette County, Penn., April 26, 1841. Though his educa- 
tion was obtained under difliculties — by reason of limited means — yet, with that 
determination and perseverance characteristic of the man, he succeeded in fit- 
ting himself for almost any position in life. At the age of sixteen, he attended 
the George's Creek Academy, near his home. For two years, while at his 
father's, he studied medicine, then placed himself under the tuition of Dr. F. 
C. Robinson, subsequently attending lectures at the JeSerson Medical College 
in Philadelphia. He then commenced the practice in partnership with his 
preceptor, in his native county. A few months later he came to Noble County 
and commenced practice in Brimfield. In the winter of 1873, the Doctor, after 
attending lectures at the Rush Medical College, in Chicago, graduated. After 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 357 

this his practice so increased that he injured his health ; and with the intention 
of giving up his profession, he sold his propcTty in Brimfield, and after a resi- 
dence of about one year in Noble County, purchased the farm where he now 
lives, on the Haw Patch. Here the call for his professional services necessitated 
resuming practice, and he now devotes all his time to this calling. Dr. Franks 
was married, September 24, 1S66, to Mary E. Gibson, who was born in Noble 
County, May 26, 1848, a daughter of A. G. and Eliza Gibson, now living in 
Noble County. A family of four children has been born to them — Walter E., 
September 15, 1867 ; Ernest G., September 25, 1873 ; William A., Decem- 
ber 7, 1878, and Ada M., May 31, 1880. The Doctor owns eighty acres of 
finely improved, and eighty acres of timbered land, also an eighty in Kansas. 
He is a member of the Northeastern Indiana and the Noble County Medical 
Societies, of which he has served as President. Himself and wife belong to the 
Baptist Church. The Doctor's parents were natives of Pennsylvania ; the 
father born about 1805 and the mother about 1809. They were married about 
1830 ; their children were Sarah A., Anna, Elizabeth H., William H., Eliza 
J., Mary C, Amanda and Susan. The mother died August 15, 1864 ; the 
father still lives in the old place in Pennsylvania, where he has filled many 
positions by the suffrage of the citizens of his county. 

MILTON HERALD was twenty-nine years old on the 22d of September, 
1881. His father, William, and mother, Sarah Herald, the former a native 
of Holmes County, Ohio, and the latter of Armstrong County, Penn., were 
united in marriage in the last-named county in 1849. After a short time, 
they moved to Wayne County, Ohio, where they still reside. They own 313 
acres of land there, besides 110 in La Grange County, Ind. Milton, the sec- 
ond of a family of five, remained in Wayne, his native county, until 1876, 
when he came to La Grange County, and began working the farm his father 
had previously bought. He married Miss Mary M. Denny January 9, 1878. 
This lady's parents are J. and Sarah Denny. Mr. Herald moved on his 
fiither's farm, buying the same and increasing it until he now owns 134 acres, 
one of the finest farms in the township. He owns a fine brick residence and 
one of the largest and most convenient barns in the county. Mr. and Mrs. 
Herald are industrious and bright, and may be numbered among the best resi- 
dents of the township. They have no family. Mr. Herald's father was born 
in 1824, his mother in 1823 and his wife in 1854. The elder Herald's occu- 
pation was farming and stock-raising. , 

M. J. HOCHSTETLER, farmer, is a son of John and Magdalena Hoch- 
stetler, natives of Pennsylvania. She died in Pennsylvania, and her husband, 
John Hochstetler, was married again and moved to Ohio, where his last days 
were passed. Among eleven children was the subject, born in Somerset County, 
Penn., June 9, 1812, and with his parents came to Ohio. After a lapse of 
two years, he returned to Pennsylvania, and was married, January 17, 1838, 
to Elizabeth Mast. After living three years in that State, he bought a farm 
in Holmes County, Ohio, where they farmed eight years; then disposed of it, 
and in turn purchased a farm and grist-mill. After operating the mill eight 
years, he bought the laml in this township, where he is yet continuing his ex- 
tensive farm practice. Mr. Hochstetler is the owner of 240 acres of land, and 
himself and wife are believers in the Ornish Mennonite religion. Of thirteen 
children born to them twelve are living, viz.: John M., Samuel J., Eli M., 
Moses M., Eve, Paul J., Elizabeth, Polly, Jacob J., David J. (deceased), An- 
drew J., Uriah J. and Henry J. 



358 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

CHRISTIAN KAUFFMAN, farmer, came to this county in 1854 with 
his parents, Joseph and Nancy Kauffman. His father and mother were both 
natives of Mifflin County, Penn. The dates of their respective births are 
August 27, 1807, and January 7, 1807. Their marriage was celebrated in 
Wayne County, Ohio, about the year 1829. and there they remained until 
they came West and settled on the farm now owned by the subject, subse- 
quently, in 1867, moving to Elkhart County, Ind., where Joseph Kauffman 
died in March of the same year. Mrs. Kauffman still survives and is with a 
son in Haw Patch Center. Christian Kauffman purchased the homestead farm 
in 1860. He was one of seven children and was born in Wayne County, 
Ohio, in 1831, August 8. November 8, 1833, Elizabeth Myers was born in 
the State of Pennsylvania. December 28, 1856, she was united in marriage 
with Mr. Kauffman and has borne him five children — Rufus A., born Decem- 
ber 6, 1857; Joseph I., September 2, 1859; John M., September 5, 1861; 
Ninette C, September 13, 1865, and Mary E., May 8, 1869. Mr. Kauffman 
owns 120 acres of land, good buildings and is a deservedly popular citizen. 

ROBERT LEPIRD, farmer, is the eldest of seven children, and came to 
Indiana at a very early day with his parents. His father, Samuel Lepird. was 
born May 13, 1815. His mother, Harriet Lepird, was born April 24, 1816. 
Tiiey were early settlors of this county, where they died. Robert Lepird was 
born in Fairfield County, Ohio, September 10, 1840, and when of age assumed 
the management of the homestead farm for his mother, his father having died 
previously. In 1867, he went to Eaton County, Mich., where he bought and 
sold three different farms, and then returned to this county. He farmed on 
shares about one and a half years, then went to Noble County, lived two years, 
sold his farm to his brother and bought the old homestead on the Haw Patch, 
where he is permanently situated, having 120 acres of land and good buildings. 
January 5, 1862, Mr. Lepird and Miss Sarah A. Waddell were united in mar- 
riage. The following is a record of their children's births: Fayette R., Jan- 
uary 11, 1863; Ada M., March 25, 1864; Mary B., July 5, 1865; Elvev, 
March 22, 1870; Elton G. and Alton J. (twins), June 5, 1878. Mary B. 
died March 9, 1868. 

JOHN W. LOW, farmer, is the son of Nicholas and Elizabeth A. Low, 
the former born in Pennsylvania, the latter in Maryland, and were pioneers of 
this county, where they located about 1836, and are residents of Clear Spring 
Township. Four of their children are living — Mary J., Thomas H., John 
W. and Martha E. February 9, 1845, John W. Low was born in this county, 
and November 15, 1868, was married to Elizabeth H. Coppes. Her parents, 
Richard and Hannah Coppes, natives of the State of Pennsylvania, live<l some 
time in Wayne County, Ohio, where Elizabeth was born September 9, 1846 ; 
they are now residing in this county. After the event of his marriage, Mr. 
Low worked his father-in-law's farm about three years, when he bought his 
land in this township. He owns 200 acres of land, well cultivated, and is 
classed with the first citizens and farmers of the township. They have a fam- 
ily of three children — Hannah E., born January 12, 1872; Martha J., Febru- 
ai-y 18, 1874, and Mary E., May 14, 1878. 

M. J. NELSON, farmer, a native of Elkhart County, Ind., is the son of 
Anthony and Sophia Nelson. Anthony Nelson was probably born in the year 
1796, in Ohio, and Sophia Nelson in North Carolina, about 1802. They came 
West in their youth, and were married in Union County, Ind. Eight children 
constituted their family. M. J., thesubject, was born December 13, 1832. He lived 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 359 

until about thirty-seven years of age at the home of his parents. December 
3, 1867, he married Eliza S. Anderson, who was born May 9, 1845, in this 
I county. They are living on 180 acres of the old homestead farm, in this town- 
ship, and are well respected by the community in which they reside. Mr. and 
I Mrs. Nelson have been blessed with three children, viz. : Elva J., born October 
'[ 3, 1868; Gusta A., born January 25, 1872, and Cecil E., born November 19, 
1 1878 ; the latter died May 24, 1880. 

j JOHN PECK, blacksmith, proprietor of pump-factory ami corn-mill, is 

I one of a family of six children born to Burton and Sarah G. Peck. He was 

' born in La Grange County April 29, 1855, and lived with his parents until 

nineteen years old, when he went West to Kansas, remaining there one year, 

I working at blacksmithing. He then returned to La Grange County, and went 

to work for his father, continuing thus about two years, at which time he 

formed a partnership at La Grange with Francis M. Stage, in a pump-factory. 

After about two years he purchased his partner's interest, moved the tools, etc., 

to a building on his father's farm, and continued manufacturing pumps quite 

extensively for some two years, when he bought a lot in Haw Patch Center, 

erected a building thereon, and opened anew the same business, continuing the 

same until the present. He is doing good work. His wife, to whom he was 

married September 7, 1876, was Miss Christina King, born in Ohio in 1856, 

who has borne her husband two children — Laurence, born April 13, 1880, and 

Alta, born June 29, 1881. Mr. Peck is an enterprising citizen. 

PETER PROUGH, farmer and carpenter, is a native of Fairfield 
County, Ohio, born June 18, 1808. He is the only child of George and Sarah 
(Winder) Prough, the former a native of Bedford County, Penn., and the lat- 
ter of Washington County, Md. George Prough died in Fairfield County, 
Ohio, July 25, 1808, and his wife in the same place in 1861. Peter Prough 
lived with his mother until the age of fourteen, when he went to learn the card- 
er and fuller's trade with an uncle, Daniel Winder, with whom lie remained 
five years. In 1882, he came to this county, entered 137 acres of land in Lima 
Townshij), and returned to Ohio, where for two years he rented and operated a dis- 
tillery, after which he was engaged for the same length of time in carpentering 
summers, and teaching school winters. In 1837, he returned to this county, 
entered 84 acres of land in Claj' Township, and the next year sold his land in 
Lima, and bought 80 acres in Bloomfield Township, where he built a house, 
and began building a saw-mill. He went to Perry Township, Noble County, 
in 1845, and was employed one year in a carding and a saw mill. The next 
year he disposed of his property in Bloomfield, and invested in 120 acres in 
Eden Township, where he resided until 1854, then removed to his present farm 
of 71 acres. He was married to Barbara Thurston March 29, 1840, and they 
have nine children — George; Margaret, now Mrs. Donaphin ; Ezra; Sarah, 
now Mrs. Hart ; Martin T. ; Daniel ; Joseph ; Thomas and Franklin. Mrs. 
Prough's pai'ents, Daniel and Margaret (Birch) Thurston, were natives of 
Dutchess County, N. Y., and she was born in the same State, in Wayne County, 
October 14, 1821. Mr. Prough was Justice of Peace of his township five 
years, and Postmaster at Eden Mills, seven years. He is a Democrat, and one 
of the prominent and oldest citizens. 

JOSEPH RODERICK, a young and enterprising farmer of this township, 
is the son of William and Margaret Roderick. He is a native of this State, 
and was born in 1847 (November 23), in La Grange County. Joseph Roder- 
ick lived at home with his parents, who Avere among the early settlers of this 



360 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: \ 

county, until he became of age. In 1868, he was married to Margaret J. Harr 
on the 5th of September. She was born in Ohio January 13, 1850, and was ' 
the daughter of Jacob and Mary Harr, natives of Pennsylvania. Two years 
previous to purchasing their present farm, they lived on rented property, but i 
have acquired a good home and sixty acres of improved land. They have a 
family of two children — Ida M. (born February 3. 1870) and Charley M. (born 
November 22. 1872). I 

WILLIAM RODERICK, farmer, is a native of Fayette County. Penn. 
His parents, Daniel and Sarah A. Roderick, were natives of the same State, 
where they were married. In about 1816, they came to this county from 
Wayne County, Ohio, where they had lived since about 1818. They died on 
their farm in Section 13, tliis township. They were the parents of ten children, 
viz., Nancy, Mary, John, Lydia, Michael, Susan, William, Sarah A., Daniel 
and Eliza J. William was born September 10, 1822, and married March 10, 
1844r, to Margaret Bales ; she was born in Wayne County, Ohio, October 2, 
1825, and came to this county with Mr. Roderick in 18-46. He followed shoe- 
making for some time, and. in 1848, bought land in Section 13, this township, 
where he has since lived. His farm of 160 acres is in excellent condition. He 
has an elegant brick residence, good barn, and makes stock-raising a specialty. 
Mr. and Mrs. Roderick have had eight children — Elmore, born May 18, 
1845, died December 8. 1862 ; Joseph, born November 23, 1847 ; Lydia A., 
born May 28, 1849 ; Johial, born May 1, 1854; Julia A., born July 14, 1856 ; 
William T., born February 5, 1859 ; "Stephen A. D., born December 2, 1862, 
and Charley B., born July 7, 1867, and died February 1, 1871. Mr. Roder- 
ick has held the office of Constable three years ; was Township Assessor fifteen 
years, and Trustee two years ; he has taken the third degree in Masonry, and 
is a prosperous farmer and first-class citizen. 

DAVID SHOWALTER, farmer, was born on the 4th of March, 1824, 
in Rockingham County, Va. He was married to Mary E. Hoffman December 
23, 1846, and about three years later immigrated to La Grange County. Ind., 
where he has found it profitable to remain. He remained with his parents un- 
til about 1847. His father, David Showalter, was born about 1783, in Penn- 
sylvania, where he was married ; his wife, Agnes Showalter, was a native 
of the same State, born about 1798, where they both died. They were parents 
of twelve children — Benjamin, Lovina, Matthias, Ann, John, Catharine, David, 
William, George, Margaret, Lewis and Sarah. Subject's wife was of the same 
nativity as her husband, born March 20, 1829, and the daughter of Frederick 
and Ann Hoffman, who were married in Virginia in 1819, he at the age of 
twenty-four, and she at twenty. They died in Elkhart County, Ind., in 1873, 
and had a family of five children — Charity J., Emily, Henrietta, Mary and 
William. Mr. Showalter owns 330 acres of land, and has given 238 acres to 
his children. The following are the dates of the children's respective births — 
Charity J. in Virginia December 15, 1847 ; Frederick H. in Virginia Septem- 
ber 16, 1849 ; Agnes J. in Indiana April 14, 1852, died October 2. 1855 : 
William N., March 25, 1855; James F. B., April 14, 1857 ; Edith, April 16, 
1862, and Bracie E., May 2.5, 1871. They are an estimable family and mem- 
bers of the Lutheran Church. 

W. L. SIPE is the youngest and the only son of Andrew and Elizabeth 
Sipe; the former was born on the 5th of May, 1797, in Somerset County, Penn., 
and the latter in 1803, in the same State. They were married in Holmes 
County, Ohio, in 1822. Mrs. Sipe died in the month of March, 1854. He 



EDEN TOWNSHIP. 361 

married again, May 15, 1859, to a Mrs. Sarah Stoker, and she died in October, 
'l 1873. The year following his .second bereavement, Mr. Sipe sold his property 
iin Ohio, and then came to this county, where he resided with his children until 
'I he, too, passed away on the 80th of July, 1877, at which time he was living 
iwith his son, W. L. Sipe, who was born on the 3d of June, 1841; he lived 
J seventeen years with his parents, and since then has been in various kinds of 
j employment. He worked two years near Dayton, Ohio, in the service of W. C. 
Davis and Henry Tenick, and farmed about one year after that, in Marshall 
'I County, Ind.; also manufactured shingles to some extent, then was engaged 
.i about one and a half years in running a saw-mill ; after this, he farmed until 
jl871, when he resumed saw-milling in a village near by. He followed building 
.land other mechanical work until he entered the grocery business about two years 
''• later. In June, 1875, he began in La Grange County, and conducted his father's 
farm for about a year and a half. Mr. Sipe bought the land that he selected 
for a home in Section 85, in 1877, and it still forms the center of his hopes and 
■ plans. He also owns a farm in Section 34. Mr. Sipe is the present able Trustee 
of his township, and prior to this had served satisfactorily as Constable. He 
is a good citizen and universally known and respected. Mrs. Matilda J. Sipe, to 
whom he was married June 5, 1864, in Marshall County, Ind., was the daugh- 
ter of Henry and Margaret Hanes, of Pennsylvania. Their family consists of 
two girls — Auiora A., born in Marshall County, Ind., October 6, 1867, and 
Minnie B., of the same nativity, born September 12, 1869. 

JAMES TAYLOR, deceased, son of James and Margaret Taylor, was 
a native of Maryland, where he was born November 16, 1802. His father 
died in Maryland, and shortly succeeding his mother's second marriage he came 
, with her and his step-father to Brown County, Ohio. He returned to Mary- 
|land, and was there married, August 4, 1825, to Eliza Gillcree ; they lived in 
! Ohio about twelve years, then accompanied by Mr. Taylor's mother and step- 
f father came to this county and located on a farm in Eden Township. His first 
' wife's death occurred September 17, 1854, and Mr. Taylor was remarried in 
., 1855, February 5, to Elizabeth Shrinkley, who survived him, and is living on 
'1 the above-mentioned farm in this township. She was born in Brown County, 
, Oliio, January 10, 1885, and has four children by Mr. Taylor — Theodore 
(deceased), Mary 0., Wynona and Norman. Mr. Taylor, by his first marriage, 
, had nine children — Margaret I. (deceased), Elizabeth A., Mary J. (deceased), 
William T., Lydia A., Ellen T., James L., Milton M. and Eliza J. Mr. Tay- 
lor was a man of good standing, was a member of the M. E. Church, and, at 
the time of his death, had served as Trustee a number of years. For about 
fifty years he was a class leader, and he left his family in comfortable circum- 
stances. Besides the farm of 140 acres, on which they live, they own 182 
acres of land in Iowa. 

T. S. TRITTIPO, grocer, is a son of Thomas and Sarah A. Trittipo, 
natives of Virginia, where they were married and remained until 1849, when 
they removed to Ohio. Five years later they journeyed to La Grange County, 
where they have since resided. Mr. Trittipo owns a fine farm of 215 acres, 
the acquirement of which is largely due to his own endeavors. He also owns 
property in Wawaka, in Ligonier and Haw Patch Center. Five children were 
born to these parents, T. S. Trittipo being one, his birth occurring in Virginia 
May 19, 1845. He remained with his parents until the age of twenty-five, at 
which time he learned the trade of painting, continuing the same for about ten 
years. He also worked at other branches of business. On the 25th of March, 



362 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: i 

1879, he purchased a stock of goods in Wawaka, moved the same to the Haw 
Patch, where he is yet enjoying a fair country trade in a building owned by his ' 
father. His wife, to whom he was married August 25, 1869, was Miss Catha- ' 
rine Kime, a native of Holmes Count}', Ohio, her birth occurring August 7, ■ 
1851. They have two sons— Elmer E. and Amos F. In 1863, Mr. Trittipo 
entered Company D, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteers, with which he served 
until the close of the war. | 

R. N. VANSLYKE is a prosperous and successful blacksmith of Haw 
Patch Center. He lived with his parents until 1870, being away portions of 
the few previous years, learning, in the meantime, his trade of W. H. Manning, 
of Ligonier, beginning about the year 1867. This chosen occupation has been 
followed more or less since. He has the reputation of being one of the best 
blacksmiths for all work for miles around. He is doing a large business, and, 
like all really good and successful workmen, guarantees his work to give satis- 
faction. His parents are W. N. and Catharine Van Slyke, residents of Ligo- ■ 
nier; they came from Ashtabula County, Ohio, in about the year 1863. They ' 
are well known at Ligonier, and are universally respected. On the 23d of 
October, 1872, our subject was united in marriage with Catharine Shaffer, of 
De Kalb County. This lady was born on the 2d of May, 1851, while her has- ' 
band was born on the 16th of February, same year. They are parents of one 
son, Milan N., born August 9, 1875. Mr. Vanslyke owns some property in 
Haw Patch Center. He is a good citizen, and his brother, W. M., is a minister 
and a very worthy man. 

DANIEL WAGONER, farmer and blacksmith, son of Samuel and Lydia 
Wagoner, is an energetic farmer and worthy resident of Eden Township. His 
parents were married in Pennsylvania, their native State, and there his mother 
found her last resting place, her death occurring on the 22d of December, 1841. 
Mr. Wagoner, after spending some time in Ohio, returned to his native State, 
and was married a second time ; they lived in Ohio two years, returned to 
Franklin County, Penn., and removed to the village of Dillsbury, where Mr. 
Wagoner died. Daniel, the second of six children, at the age of twenty-two, 
commenced blacksmithing in York, his native county, Pennsylvania, finishing 
his trade two years later in Stark County, Ohio. He, for four years, conducted 
a shop of his own at Sugar Creek. Since coming to this county, in 1849, he 
has not been actively at work at his trade, but has devoted more of his attention 
to farming. He owns eighty acres of land. Mr. Wagoner has been twice 
married ; his first wife, to whom he was married August 9, 1846, was Sarah 
Fitzgerald, born October 30, 1828, in Pennsylvania; she died on the 2l3t of 
November, 1857, having borne her husband four children — Elmira, Mary, 
Alice and George. The present Mrs. Wagoner, formerly Mary A. Himes, was 
born December 31, 1827, in Huntingdon County, Penn. ; she has three chil- 
dren — Thomas W., John E. and Susan H. 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 

RUSSEL BROWN, born January 24, 1805, is a native of Stephenstown, 
Rensselaer Co., N. Y. When quite young, moved with his father, Elijah 
Brown, to Berkshire County, Mass., and when about eighteen accompanied his 
parents to Cayuga County, N. Y., where he was married, in 1828, to Miss 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 363 

Laura Sweet, a native of Saratoga County, N. Y., born January 31, 1805, and 
daughter of Wm. Sweet, of Massachusetts. In 1835, they removed to Onondaga 
County, N. Y., resided one year, theuce to this township, arriving July 14, 
1836, and settling on Section 26. Mr. Brown, by diligent application, acquired 
j quite a thorough education, and followed teaching a number of years, previous 
'and subsequent to his arrival here, at which time he had about $2,000. Mr. 
land Mrs. Brown are parents of five children — Phileua. when her parents came 
ito this county, did not accompany them, but remained with her grandfather, 
j Sweet, and died at the age of fifteen ; Ezekiel is a farmer of Steuben County, 
jlnd. ; Warren is a resident of this township, engaged in farming ; Erastus is an 
iattorney at Lincoln, Neb., and President of the Gage County Bank. He, while 
:| residing in New York, raised a military company, and was commissioned a 
ll Lieutenant in the late war ; William, the youngest, is an attorney at law, and 
I formerly practiced at Lincoln, Neb. Mr. Brown has served as Justice of the 
I Peace, Township Trustee, and County Surveyor. In November, 1855, Mr. 
'Brown moved to Orland, where he has since resided, and where Mrs. Brown 
jdied, April IS, 1879. The father of the subject was born in Killingly, Conn., 
i'in 1773, of English descent. His maternal ancestors were Irish, and their 
(descendants, for a number of generations, resided in Rhode Island, his grand- 
;i father on that side being a noted sea captain. His great-grandfather, William 
i Smith, was compelled to flee from Ireland, and subsequently became a Lieu- 
j tenant in the Revolutionary war. 

I JOSEPHUS BUMPUS, son of John Bumpus, a native of New York, of 
\ Welsh descent, was born October 25, 1825, in Richland County, Ohio. Mr. 
f Bumpus is a cooper by trade, and came to this county in the spring of 18-16, 
locating at Ontario, where he was employed the first season at his trade, then 
||in his shop until 1849, when he rented the "Widow Newton" farm, north of 
I Ontario. About a year later he purchased land in this township, that has 
« reached its present improved state by Mr. Bumpus' industry. December 10, 
: 1848, Mr. Bumpus was married to Mary A. Sears, who was born in New York, 
t June 10, 1832. She camo to this county with her father, Chancey Sears, in 
'about 1836, and lived with Judge Luther Newton from the age of six years 
^1 until her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Bumpus have seven children — Savilla, Viola, 
I Roderick, Nellie, Carrie, Joseph and Cora. 

■ Z. M. CARR is a native of Washington County, N. Y., where he was 

born April 6, 1822. His father, Daniel Carr, a native of Rhode Island, 
moved to St. Joseph County, Mich., with his family in 1835, and two years 
later came to Pretty Prairie, this county, thence to English Prairie, then to 
Steuben County in 1843, where he died in 1844, leaving a wife — Martha 
(Mason) Carr — and seven children, the subject being the oldest son living. 
He assisted in caring for the family until twenty-eight years old; then with 
$240 came and purchased 50 acres of land in this township, making the rest 
of the payments ($160 in all) on time. His farm is now enlarged to 145 acres, 
and is well improved. In 1851, Mr. Carr and Miss Angeline Golden, who 
was born in Seneca County, N. Y., August 6, 1828, were united in marriage. 
Her father was Nathanial Golden, a native of Nova Scotia, and her mother, 
Elizabeth (Tuttle) Golden, of New York; in 1836, they came with family to 
Steuben County, where their deaths occurred. Mrs. Carr died in 1872, 
January 15, leaving her husband and five children to mourn her loss; they are 
James B., Ella, Jarvis, Frank and Nettie. Mr. Carr is an enterprising Repub- 
lican. 



364 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: i 

ELISHA DEAL, son of Conrad and Elizabeth (Rawles) Deal, was born i 
in 1830, in Marion County, Ohio. Both parents were Ohioans, and came' 
here in 1835. His mother, who is residing at the home of her youngest ' 
daughter, Mrs. Holton, is in her seventy-sixth year. His father, after clear- » 
ing a farm in Section 23, where they had lived many years, died in 1870. At 
the age of twenty-seven, Elisha Deal began farming for himself, having pre- ' 
viously made his home with his father, and been engaged in running a thresh- 1 
ing machine nine years. He purchased and improved land in Section 21, 
before locating on his present farm of 120 acres. Mr. Deal, although never a 
solicitor for office, has been chosen and served as Supervisor of Roads several 
times. Mrs. Deal is a faithful member of the M. E. Church. She was Catha- 
rine Millis, the daughter of Levin and Ruth (Leonard) Millis, natives of Mary- 
land, where Catharine was born in 1834. She married Mr. Deal on the 14th 
of February, 1857, and they have two children — Augusta, now Mrs. Frank 
M. Smith, was born January 27, 1859, and Mary E., whose birth occurred on 
the 27th of August, 1863. 

HARRISON DEAL, the eldest born to Conrad and Elizabeth Deal now , 
living, came to this county in 1835 with his parents, who located on Section I 
23. He was born April 20, 1828, in Marion County, Ohio, and from the age, 
of sixteen to twenty-four was engaged a portion of the time as feeder for a: 
threshing machine. Shortly after his marriage, January 5, 1851, to Missi 
Ellen Jones, he located on 80 acres of his present farm, the lease of which? 
was given him by his father-in-law ; but twelve years subsequently, he pur-t 
chased that and 40 acres adjoining. He is now worth about $20,000. He; 
has served as School Director and Pathmaster. Mr. and Mrs. Deal have hadt 
six children — Benjamin F., William H., Louis E., Charles H. (deceased),/ 
Carrie E. and Jennie M. Mrs. Deal's parents, Benjamin and Mary (Michael)i 
Jones, were natives of Virginia. They came to this county in 1829, andi 
located near Lexington, renting land until 1832. when Mr. "Jones purchased i 
400 acres in Section 20 and 21, at the first public sale of land in the county,) 
upon which they settled. Mr. Jones was a leader in the La Grange Phalanx, 
and the first to introduce throughbred cattle into the county. He also ussistedi' 
in building the Free Hall. In the early history of the county, Mr. Jones once ; 
went in search of his cattle and at the end of three weeks found them in the! 
southern part of the State. In 1862, he moved to Kendallville, where he was' 
familiarly known as "Uncle Ben." By reposing too much confidence in oth- 
ers, he lost a part of his property, and in 1875 moved to Fairbury, Neb.,' 
where he now resides, but expects to spend his remaining days at the home of 
his daughter, Mrs. Deal. Mr. Jones was born July 6, 1794, and is now int 
his eighty-eighth year. He served in the war of 1812, and was reared a Bap-i 
list ; during his later days has been a Spiritualist. 

HENRY DEAL came to this county with his parents, Conrad andi 
Elizabeth Deal, in 1834. His birth occurred in Marion County, Ohio. Febru-' 
ary 22, 1832, and that of his wife, Helen, in this county. May 1, 1838. Theys 
were married on the 1st day of January, 1855. Her parents, Robert and Janet 
Wade, were English people. Mr. and Mrs. Deal have two children — Alice E.,/ 
now Mrs. J. A. Spearow, and Willis H. ; both are school-teachers. Mr. Deal,; 
at the age of twenty-one, commenced carpentering, and continued that occupa- 
tion until in 1857, when he invested in property in this township, 100 acres of i 
wild land. This is now his home, and is all well improved. Mr. Deal, with i 
his son, attended the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. He has held the. 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 365 

office of Assessor four terms, being first elected in 1877, and also has served as 
Supervisor a number of terms, and has executed the duties satisfactorily. 

WILLIAM DUNBAR is a native of Summit County, Ohio, born in 

1829, May 7. In Milford Township, on the 7th of September, 1838, Mary 

Perkins was born. She was the daughter of Jacob and Sarah A. (Phipps) 

I Perkins, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, and of German and English de- 

i scent. She was married to Mr. Dunbar, April 12, 1857. He is the son of 

.j David and Mary (Rhodenbaugh) Dunbar, both natives of Pennsylvania, and of 

■.: Irish and English descent. David Dunbar, at the time of his death, was living 

:,j at the home of his son William ; the former first came to this county in the 

i spring of 1853, and the subject came in the fall of the same year, remaining 

•i near Wolcottville until in March, 1862, when he located on the farm of 200 

-li acres, entered by John B. Clark ; he now owns 280 acres, and is worth proba- 

!| bly $15,500. His dwelling-house was erected at a cost of about $3,000. 

I From the clear, running spring on Mr. Dunbar's farm, the township received 

its name, and 'twas here the first town-meeting was held. Mr. and Mrs. Dun- 

il bar are parents of two children, Jacob and William A. 

JOHN F. FRELIGH is a native of Ontario County, N. Y., and the 
son of John I. and Mary (Latta) Freligh ; both parents were natives of New 
I York, his father of German and his mother of Irish descent. October 29, 
I 1823, John Freligh was born, and in the fall of 1845 came to this county, 
i where he was variously employed until 1850, when he was married to Miss 
ji Susan A. Shepardson, the ceremony being performed by a Mr. Newton, Justice 
Ij of the Peace. They soon after settled on her father's farm, that has since been 
' purchased by the subject, and is yet their home. It comprises 187 acres of 
'}. improved land. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Freligh — Eva 
f J., now Mrs. Joseph Geddes, of Oregon ; Ida M., now Mrs. Richard Hopkins ; 
I Ella F., now Mrs. Fleming Barr; Arthur P. and Frank L. Mrs. Freligh is 
■k a native of Vermont, where she was born in February, 1832. Her parents 
% were Otis and Susan Shepardson, of Vermont, and Scotch and English ances- 
I try. They came to this county in the fall of 1835, and lived the first winter 
'i in a log-house with puncheon floor and no windows. Mr. Shepardson died in 
r 1813, of quick consumption, at the age of fifty-one, having secured a com- 
( fortable home for his wife and family of seven children. Mrs. Shepardson 
I, died at the age of eighty-four, in the fall of 1880. Mr. Freligh has served in 
the offices of Assessor, Road-master and School Director. 

ELSLEY W. FULLER is a native of Onondaga County, N. Y., where he 
was born January 10, 1818. In 1836, having saved $50, from laboring in the 
school-room, he started for the West, taking passage on the steamer " United 
States ; " and while crossing from Dunkirk to Erie, the vessel struck a rock 
and sunk ; but the passengers — eight hundred in number — were saved by being 
landed on a ledge-rock, where they remained all night, in a driving rain-storm. 
Mr. Fuller succeeded in reaching main land by means of a large tree that had 
fallen over the rock. He then proceeded overland to Erie, thence to Ypsilanti, 
Mich., where he taught one term of school ; on to Calhoun County, Mich., then 
to this county, where he made a limited sojourn, returning to Gilead, Mich., to 
re-engage in teaching. Mr. Fuller was one of the members of the La Grange 
Association, at Lexington, until it disbanded. For seven years, or thereabouts, 
he lived on a farm in Milford Township, this county, that he bought in 1849 ; 
then purchased 260 acres in this township, but soon after found himself bank- 
rupt. After having rented five years, he was able to buy the 100 -acre farm 



366 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

where he yet lives, in this township. For many years Mr. Fuller has manufact- 
ured large quantities of cider jelly and sorghum molasses. He has been mar- 
ried three times ; first to Keturah Sanders, of Branch County, Mich., in 1839. 
They had a family of three children — Mary J., Harriet M. and Melinda. 
After his wife's death, in 1H52. Mr. Fuller married Mrs. Lois Hayward ; she 
was the daughter of Stephen Severy, and died in 1878, leaving two children — 
Alice and Lucina. His present and third wife, to whom he was married in 
1878, was Mrs. C. L. Rosell, the daughter of Abijah and Maria (Shoff) Brown. 
By her first marriage Mrs. Fuller had two children — Charles B. and Florence 
M., now Mrs. James L. Kingsbury, of Lima. Mr. Fuller is the son of Ezekiel 
and Eunice (Wyman) Fuller, natives of Massachusetts. 

G. F. HALL is a native of Clark County, Ohio, born April 2, 1832. 
His parents, William H. and Lucinda (Hull) Hall, came to this township in the 
year 1835, locating on Brushy Prairie. His father subsequently entered land 
in Section 16, also in Kosciusko County, which he traded for 130 acres near 
Lexington; increased this to 616 acres and sold for $27,000; his home at 
present is near Kendallville, where he purchased land in 1867. With $1,000, 
the subject, at the age of twenty-four, went to Michigan and contracted for a 
$10,000 farm. Through misfortunes he was compelled to resign this farm, and 
with $600 returned to Greenfield Township. Since coming to this township, 
in 1860, he has pi-ospered, and is the owner of 256 acres of land, improved. 
His residence was the first brick house built in the township and cost the 
owner about $3,400. The present Mrs. Hall, to whom he was married Decem- 
ber 31, 1865, was Mrs. Mary A. Appleman, the daughter of D. L. Popino. 
Flora is their only child. Mr. Hall's first wife died in December, 1862 ; she 
was Lucinda Bradfoi-d, daughter of Elder Bradford, of this township. By 
their union, which was consummated in September, 1857, three children were 
born, viz.: Charles, Franklin and Lucinda, deceased. Mr. Hall is a Repub- 
lican and an enterprising man. 

GEORGE W. HALL, son of William H. and Lucinda (Hull) Hall, was 
born in Clark County, Ohio, in March, 1834. His father came to this town- 
ship in 1835, and is residing now near Kendallville. The subject, in 1855, 
November 8, was married to Miss Margaret Pickles; her death occurred 
November 15, 1880 ; she was born in England in 1833, and was the daughter 
of Robert and Jane Pickles. In the spring of 1856, Mr. Hall began form- 
ing on rented property, and two years later paid $1,600 for 120 acres of wild 
land in Greenfield Township ; this he traded for other land in Greenfield and 
Springfield Townships ; subsequently sold and purchased ftirm of eighty acres 
near Kendallville, that he finally exchanged for 160 acres in this township. 
Mr. Hall is living with his second wife, to whom he was married December 1, 
1881 ; she was Mrs. Susan E. Selby, widow of Joseph Selby, by whom she had 
four children. Mr. Hall, by liis first wife, had seven children. Although of 
limited education, Mr. Hall is behind the times in nothing, readily adopting 
new ideas and methods that are superior to old ones. 

WILLIS HASKINS is next to the oldest man in his township, and one 
of the oldest settlers ; he came here with his parents, Erastus and Mary (Moore) 
Haskins, in August, 1836, and has ever since lived on the farm where they 
located. His father died at the age of seventy-two and his mother at seventy. 
Mr. Haskins is now in his eighty-fifth year; he has always been a leading 
farmer, and owns 208 acres of land, acquired by economical industry. He was 
one of the early Township Trustees. November 21, 1830, Willis Haskins and 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 367 

Miss Jane Jackson were united "for better or for worse." This lady died 
April 5, 1856, having borne her husband eight children, viz., Elizabeth, 
Franklin, Charles, George, Albert, Mary J., Edith and Willis. Mr. Haskins' 
second marriage was to Mrs. Clarissa L. Murray, daughter of John Kemp, 
October 25, 1858 ; they had two children, Eugene and Ella, deceased. Three 
sons of Mr. Haskins served during the late war, Franklin, Charles and Albert; 
the former never lived to return, but rests in a soldier's grave at Nashville, 
Tenn. Previous to his advent in this county Mr. Haskins farmed in New 
York, his native State, being born in Cayuga County August 21, 1797. 

CHRISTOPHER L. HAWK, son of Christopher and Ellen Hawk, was 
born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in March, 1821. Mrs. Ellen Hawk died in 
1823, and in 1825 Mr. Hawk was married to Lena Bopp. The subject, 
with his father and step-mother, came to America in 1831 ; after living three 
years in Holmes County, Ohio, they moved to Hancock County, thence in 
1858 to De Kalb County, Ind., and after a sojourn of ten years came to the 
village of Mongo, where they are yet residing with their eldest son, the sub- 
ject, at the respective ages of ninety-two and seventy-six years. C. L. Hawk 
was married, in 1847, to Miss Sarah Wyckoff, the daughter of Casper B. and 
Catharine (Johnson) Wyckoff, New Jerseyites, of German descent. They had 
nine children, seven of whom are living : William C, a miller; Charles F., 
a merchant; John L., Eli Z., Mary E. (now Mrs. 0. G. Long) ; Anna S. (now 
Mrs. Charles E. Dickenson), of White Pigeon, Mich., and Sarah E. Mr. and 
Mrs. Hawk are both members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Hawk is quite an 
experienced miller, that having been his chief occupation since eighteen years 
of age ; at that time he received $6 per month, and until 1845 gave all his 
earnings to his parents, and when he married had $60. In about 1850, he 
bought 80 acres of land, sold it in 1858 for $2,300, then came to this State 
and purchased a flouring-mill in De Kalb County, on the St. Joe River, pre- 
vious to buying his saw and grist-mill and town property in the village of 
Mongo, where he is now located and respected as a prosperous business man 
and citizen. 

JOSEPH J. HOLTON, son of James and Susan Holton, came to this 
township in about 1859, for the purpose of spending the winter with his 
brother-in-law. Dr. Spalding; but, being pleased with the country, has made 
it his permanent abiding place. Since twelve years of age, he has been de- 
pendent on his own resources. During the summer of 1860, he learned the 
carpenter's trade, but the two years following was employed in painting at La 
Grange, then began farm work, in the employ of Mr. Seaburn. In 1866, he 
commenced farming for him on shares. Two summers previous, he worked for 
Mr. Millis. Since then Mr. Holton has been engaged in farming and stock- 
raising to some extent. At the time the war opened, he had $96, but paid $76 
to exempt the township draft. March 13, 1869, Mr. Holton and Miss Sarah 
Deal were united in matrimony. His birth occurred in Morrow County, Ohio, 
in September, 1843, and hers in this county in 1845. Her parents — Conrad 
and Elizabeth (Rawles) Deal — were among the first to locate in this township, 
coming here in 1834. Their humble cabin home was adorned with home-made 
furniture and an orchard raised from seed brought here by them. They had a 
family of twelve children, eight now living, viz. : Harrison, Elisha, Henry, 
Melinda, Frank, Teressa, Hadley and Sarah. Mr. and Mrs. Holton have an 
only son, Frank Vern, born January 5, 1880. 

PHINEAS T. HUNTSMAN is the son of Jesse and Lucy (Jones) Hunts- 
man, natives of Pennsylvania and Vermont, who moved with their parents at 



3(58 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

an early date to Ohio, and, shortly after the event of their marriat^e, came to 
this township in 1831, where Pliineas T. was born December 29, 1832. Mr. 
Huntsman, Sr., took an active part in the organization of the township and 
the La Grange Phalanx or Association. He first located on Section 28, but 
subsequently sold and moved to Sections 20 and 21. That was his share in an 
association farm when it disbanded. Here he died in December, 1860. His 
wife died in May of the same year. Phineas Huntsman, after his father's 
death, purchased the homestead farm of 220 acres and fairly improved. On 
the 1st of January, 1863, he was married to Orissa Jennings, whose birth 
occurred in Jefferson County,' N. Y., October 25, 1832. Her parents — Ben- 
jamin and Eliza (Hunt) Jennings — came to this township in 1854. Mrs. Jen- 
nings was born in Vermont. She is seventy-one years old and is living on 
the homestead farm. Pennsylvania was Mr. Jennings' native State. He died 
in Allegan County, Mich., in October, 1878, having lived there ten years. 
Mr. and Mrs. Huntsman have had two children. Mary E. (deceased) was born 
January 30, 1867, and Jessie L., born November 22, 1869. Mr. Huntsman 
is a Republican and a man of good standing in society. 

MRS. HANNAH E. KINGSLEY, the daughter of Hustis and Eliza 
Cronkite, of New York, was born in Orange County, N. Y., in 1826. Her 
parents were a mixture of English, German and French descent. In 1845, 
Miss Hannah Cronkite was married to Lorin Kingsley, now deceased. They 
removed from Monroe County, N. Y., to Orleans County, same State, thence 
to Indiana in 1857, and located on the old association firm, their goods being 
lost on the way, leaving them almost entirely destitute of bedding and cooking 
utensils. They moved into a house about two hundred feet long and lived 
there about six weeks. Mr. Kingsley, from a poor boy, became one of the 
leading farmers and stock dealers of the township, owning at the time of his 
death, December 10, 1879, §30,000 worth of property or more. He was a 
thoroughly good man, and is mourned by his family and large circle of friends. 
Mr. and Mrs. Kingsley had six children— Nettie, Elizabeth, Carrie, Eva, Kate 
P. and Charles E. Mr. Kingsley was born in Monroe County, N. Y., May 20, 
1814, and by his first wife, Mary Lilly, had five children, four living, viz.: 
Jennie, Marcia, Minnie and William H. 

EDWARD MILLIS is among the early settlers of Springfield Township. 
His father, Levin Millis, was a native of Maryland and twice married. By 
his first marriage there were born four children, and by his last wife — Ruth 
Leonard, also a native of Maryland — there were born three children. After 
his second marriage, Mr. Millis, in 1837, emigrated to Wayne County, Ind., 
where he had friends. After living in Wayne County two years, he moved to 
Springfield Township, where he engaged in farming until his death, August 2, 
1840. His widow died March 9, 1874. Edward Millis was born February 6. 1831, 
in Talbot County, Md., to his father's second wife. He assisted in the labors of 
pioneer life at home, receiving but a common school education, and was married 
March 28, 1855, to Eleanor M., daughter of Robert and Mary (Pollman) Griflin, 
who were natives of England and who came to the United States in 1829 and 
1834 respectively. They came to La Grange County in 1841, and moved to Steu- 
ben County in 1842, where Mr. GriSin died the same year. His widow died 
in 1856. In 1856, Mr. Millis purchased a farm in Clay Township, but after 
four and a half years sold out and returned to Springfield Township, where he 
purchased a farm and resided until his removal to La Grange. By hard labor 
and economy, they have made additions, until they now own 210 acres of land 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 369 

on Sections 23 and 24. They are the parents of five children — Emma E. 
(deceased), Frank E., Marian M., Louis M. and one that died in infancy. In 
1879, Mr. Millis moved to La Grange, for the purpose of giving his children 
better school advantages. They resided there until March, 1882, when they 
removed back to their place in Springfield Township, where they still reside. 
Mr. Millis is a Republican. He and wife are members of the M. E. Church. 
Mrs. Millis was born in Niagara Countv, N. Y., July 6, 1835. 

MATTHEW MYERS is a native of Herkimer County, N. Y., and son 
of John F. and Elizabeth Myers, natives also of the same State. John Myers 
was a shoemaker, and his son Matthew naturally acquired a taste for that pur- 
suit, and worked at it when a boy ; but for some time previous to visiting Indi- 
ana, in 1853, he drove a stage team. Since coming to this township, in 1855, 
with his family, Mr. Myers has accumulated property worth over $6,000. For 
the first two years after arriving here, he was engaged in stage driving, while 
his family kept the toll-gate on the plank road ; subsequently worked at shoe- 
making seven years, then bought his form of 150 acres that has proven a good 
investment. Mr. Myers has been three times married. By his first marriage, 
in 1836, to Lucy Hopkins, he had one child — William H. In 1852, he was 
married to Cornelia Dunham ; they had an only son — Frank. His third wife 
was Zoe M. Scoville, daughter of Josiah Richard. They have an only daughter, 
Libby. 

SAMUEL H. NEWNAM was born in September, 1841, on the farm in 
this township where he has ever since resided. He was married in December, 
1870, to Miss Emma Faulkner, a native also of this township, where she was 
born in November, 1841. Her parents were William P. and Nancy (Pearson) 
Faulkner, both natives of Maryland, and descendants respectively of the 
English and Irish ; he came to this township in 1837 with his brother Elsby, 
locating on Section 31, where he was engaged in farming many years, subse- 
quently removing to La Grange, where his death occurred in March, 1878 ; he 
was a member of the Methodist Church. Samuel Newnam, when of age, 
started with a capital of $100 ; he rented the old homestead until after the 
death of his father in ,1876, when he purchased a portion of it, comprising 214 
acres. For ten years past he has dealt largely in stock, buying and shipping 
in the spring. In 1881, he shipped two car loads of sheep that averaged 155 
pounds per head, and one double-deck load that averaged 140 pounds per head. 
For the past three years his farm has yielded an annual profit of $3,000. Mr. 
Newnam is a leading farmer of his township, and is the son of Nicholas B. 
Newnam, who came to this township in 1836, and was married to a second wife 
in 1840 — Susan Greenfield, the daughter of Robert and Ann (Austin) Green- 
field, of Maryland, who moved to Ohio in 1818, thence to this township in 

1835, where Mr. Greenfield died, leaving a wife and six children. 
WILLIAM S. NEWNAM, the son of Benedict and Rachael (Benson) 

Newnam, was born October 5, 1808, in Talbot County, Md., that being the 
State of his parents' nativity, who were of English descent. In the spring of 

1836, William Newnam and family started for the West, stopping about one 
month in Franklin County in June, thence to this township via Indianapolis, 
South Bend and White Pigeon. Here he entered 120 acres of land, living in 
his wagon until he completed a log cabin, where he lived until the death of' his 
wife. Soon after sold his place, having cleared forty acres and improved with 
new buildings. For four years he was variously employed, and about 1854 
purchased land in Milford Township that was subsequently exchanged for his 



370 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

present farm of 130 acres, that is in an improved condition. In May, 1832, 
he was married to Sarah H. Clark, of the same nativity as himself and the 
daughter of Edward and Elizabeth Clark. They had four children — Edward 
B., Rebecca A., John C. and Sarah S. His second marriage was consum- 
mated in 1856. His wife, Jane Bryan, the daughter of William Cochran, 
came to this county in 1837 with her parents. She died in 1867, and Mr. 
Newnam has since lived with his dautrhter H. (now Mrs. Frank Lewis), on the 
homestead farm. The subject while in the employ of Capt. Barry, in 18-40, 
husked seventy bushels of corn in one day. Previous to coming to Indiana, 
he was a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, and is a charter member of the 
Regulator Society, in which movement he was actively engaged. He is a 
Republican, and was once a Free-Soiler ; he was accompanied to this county by 
three brothers and two sisters — Gerry P., Daniel I., Francis A., Rebecca and 
Ann, and another brother, Nicholas B., came in the fall. William Newnam 
is now the only living representative of the family. He is known and respected 
as an old pioneer that has endured much for the sake of the country's good. 
His son, John C, during the war, enlisted in Company H., Forty-fourth Illi- 
nois Volunteer Infantry, in the fall of 1861, and served three years, receiving 
a wound at the battle of Chickamauga. 

PHILO NICHOLS, born in Connecticut in 1815, is a son of James 
Nichols, of the same State, and one of five brothers who located in this county 
— Drusus, in 1833, John, in 1836, Thaddeus, in 1837, Augustus, in 1838, and 
the subject in 1839. Augustus previously had lived in Texas about four years ; 
Philo Nichols stopped with his brother about three years at Union Mills 
(Mongo); the following ten years resided in Steuben County, then bought his 
home of eighty acres in this township in 1852, it being then partially cleared ; 
is now finely cultivated, and worth $70 an acre. Mr. Nichols' first wife, 
Melinda Carr, of New York, to whom he was married in 1848, died in 1851, 
leaving one child — Alice (now Mrs. Joseph Talmage). His present wife 
became Mrs. Nichols on the 17th of March, 1857 ; she was formerly Mrs. 
Elizabeth Stewart, widow of William Stewart and daughter of Levin Millis. 
Mr. Nichols has twice been chosen to serve as Township Trustee. His first 
election was in 1864. Farming and stock-raising principally engage his time 
and attention. 

DAVID PAULUS, son of David Paulus, in 1841 was united in mar- 
riage to Miss Catharine Babb, who was born in Pennsylvania November 25, 
1820, and her husband in Stark County. Ohio, August 11, 1817. She was 
the daughter of John Babb. both parents being of German descent and natives 
of Pennsylvania. David Paulus, Jr., when of age, learned carpentering, 
receiving $24 for his first year's work, and that has occupied the principal part 
of his time until within the past seven years. He came to this county in 1844, 
and since buying eighty acres of land in this township, in 1847, has followed 
farming. Mr. and Mrs. Paulus belong to the Church of God. and have had 
seven children — William H. (deceased), Mary S., Charles E. (deceased), Albert 
A., Elnora (deceased), Ella and Harvey E. Mr. Paulus was Trustee of his 
township three years, and is recognized as a valuable citizen. His son William 
(now deceased), served during the war of the rebellion, first enlisting in the 
spring of 1861 in the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, re-enlisting in 
1864 as a veteran, and remaining until the war closed. 

HON. WILLIAM PRENTISS, one of the representative men of the 
township, comes from pioneer stock, and was born in pioneer days, April 18, 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 371 

1835, on the old homestead farm, where he now lives. He inherits in a large 
degree the sterling qualities of his parents — Judge William S. and Jane Pren- 
tiss, who filled so honorable a place in this community. Young William in his 
boyhood gathered his book knowledge as best he could from the limited oppor- 
tunities of those primitive days. He continued to live with his parents after he 
was twenty-one years old, and after working a couple of years for his father, en- 
tered partnership with him in running the farm. Subsequently, he went West 
during the Idaho excitement, but returned at the end of about five months, just 
in time to vote for Abraham Lincoln for his second term of the Presidency. In 
the autumn of 1872, he was elected by the Republican party as Representative 
to the State Legislature, serving his constituency in a creditable manner. Upon 
the death of his father, he was made executor of the estate. Since 1876, he 
has been serving as a member of the Republican Central Committee, performing 
an influential and active part in home politics. At present, he is filling the 
position of Township Trustee. Mr. Prentiss was married February 27, 18(36, 
to Hermie S. Cofiinberry, daughter of S. C. Cofiinberry, of Constantine, Mich.; 
five children have been born to them — James F., May 27, 1867 ; William S., 
November 3, 1868 ; Margaret E., October 31, 1871 ;" Mary J., February 12, 
1876, and Helen L., September 15, 1879. 

JUDGE WILLIAM S. PRENTISS (deceased) was an early pioneer of 
La Grange County, having entered land on Section 34, and settled in what is 
now Springfield Township in the fall of 1832. He was a native of Massachu- 
setts and of English descent. Born of poor parents, he was thrown upon his 
own resources in his boyhood days, and went to live with a Mr. Chandler as clerk 
in his store for his board and clothes, conditioned that he should remain until he 
was twenty-one years of age. At the expiration of his time, he engaged to re- 
main with his old employer at a small salary, with whom he continued for two 
years. He then entered college, and, notwithstanding his self-dependence, by 
assisting himself with teaching school at intervals, he secured a good education 
and attended Cambridge University, Massachusetts, until 1826. He then took up 
civil engineering under Col. Baldwin, of Boston, continuing until the fall of 
1832, when he came West to locate a home. Here Mr. Prentiss at once entered 
upon an intelligent and useful career. December 25, following his arrival here, 
he was united in marriage by Judge Seeley with Miss Jane M. Clark, and the 
next day he drove to White Pigeon and purchased their housekeeping outfit, 
which he packed in a barrel and returned home. A peculiar coincidence oc- 
curred in connection with this couple. A short time previous to their first 
meeting, Mr. Prentiss was taking a view of the surrounding country on horse- 
back with a view of locating, and when just west of where his home now stands 
his horse became mired and was extricated with diificulty. Notwithstanding 
this episode, Mr. Prentiss was so attracted by the beauty of the scenery that he 
decided to make his home in the neighborhood. A few days subsequently. Miss 
Clark was riding for recreation in the vicinity, when her horse became mired in 
the same mud-hole. A short time after this, they met at Judge Seeley's, where 
they became acquainted. Among the early improvements made by Mr. Pren- 
tiss was a saw-mill built by him in 1838, on Turkey Creek, which is still in 
operation. Being a man of superior education, with a mind far above the aver- 
age, and possessed of those sterling attributes, integrity and moral rectitude, he 
soon took a decided position as a leader in his township and county. All enter- 
prises that had in view the advancement of the public interests, found in him an 
able, earnest and uncompromising advocate. In politics, he was a Whig, and, 



372 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

upon the organization of the Republican party, he joined its standard, and be- 
came a warm supporter of its principles. Besides filling many minor positions, 
he served as County Commissioner for a number of years, and administered the 
duties of the oflBce of Probate Judge for two terms. His great administrative 
ability was called into active play by his appointment as administrator of a large 
number of estates of great and varied interests, and in his discharge of the trust 
as guardian, in several instances he displayed his usual good judgment and un- 
yielding impartiality. In religious matters he was liberal, inclining to a con- 
servative spiritual belief. The free hall erected in the township was projected 
and built largely through his instrumentality. The organization of Springfield 
Township, and the location of the county seat at La Grange was due, perhaps, as 
much to the active co-operation of Judge Prentiss as any other man. He was not 
of a speculative turn of mind, but by judicious management and attention to busi- 
ness his interests grew far beyond his youthful expectations or ambition, which had 
placed the sum to be acquired at $2,000. Mrs. Prentiss is a native of Massa- 
chusetts, and was reared in the Presbyterian faith, but in after years grew out of 
that school to a more liberal belief. She came to this locality in 1831. By her 
union with Judge Prentiss, she became the mother of five children, three of whom 
are yet living. Mrs. Prentiss makes her home with her son William on the old 
homestead, and is in the enjoyment of reasonably good health — now in the seven- 
ty-third year of her age. In the death of Judge Prentiss, which occurred in 

1872, the public lost an able and earnest advocate of its best interests, and the 
family an affectionate and noble head. 

RODERICK PRENTISS (deceased), a son of Judge William S. Prentiss, 
at the age of fourteen years received an appointment through the aid of Judge 
Chamberlain to the Naval School at Annapolis, where he received a thorough 
education, and subsequently accepted service in the U. S. Navy, and while 
gallantly serving as executive officer of the sloop of war Monongahela in an en- 
gagement during the war of the rebellion, August 5, 1864, he was terribly 
wounded by both legs being shot to pieces, and died the following day. His 
remains rest near Pensacola, where a stone, erected by his brother officers, marks 
his grave. Thus upon the threshold of a brilliant career, at the age of twenty- 
four years, a brave officer and a noble gentleman was ruthlessly slain in a ruth- 
less war. 

ELISHA RAWLES, son of James and Maria (Williamson) Rawles, is a 
native of Ross County, Ohio, born May 13, 1821. His parents, natives 
respectively of Kentucky and New Jersey, from Ross, moved to Marion County, 
Ohio, thence to this township, in April 1839. En 1842, James Rawles was 
elected County Sheriff, re-elected in 1S44, and after the expiration of his 
services he became a resident of La Grange, where he died in 1853. He served 
as Justice of the Peace previous to being Sheriff, and was an influential and 
respected citizen. Elisha Rawles was married to Rosetta Talraage on the 24th of 
February, 1845. Her parents, Henry and Sophia Talmage, were natives of 
New York. She died, November 27, 1878, leaving three children, viz., Charles 
W., Hattie L. and Clinton H. Mr. Rawles, when twenty-one years old, 
bought his first land — 160 acres — on credit, paying for it with the profits. In 

1873, he bought the 240 acres he is now farming in this township. For some 
time he ran a breaking team (six yoke of oxen), and in one season fitted fifty 
acres for wheat, Fort Wayne then being the grain market. For about fifteen 
years, Mr. Rawles has raised stock quite extensively, shipping to Chicago and 
Buffalo. Mr. Rawles is a man of ability, and a worthy citizen. 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 373 

HORACE B. ROGERS came to this township, accompanied by Ids 
mother, in 1838 ; settled on land in Section 19, but soon exchanged it for his 
present farm, where he has lived since, with the exception of two winters spent 
in Lima, Ind. His parents were Bradish and Polly (Mase) Rogers, of Massa- 
chusetts, and are of English descent. In their westward journeying they 
stopped in Ashtabula County, Ohio, where the subject was born in 1822; thence, 
in 1836, to Sturgis, Mich. Since the age of twelve, Horace Rogers has cared 
for himself, and has received few advantages. He has 320 acres of land in this 
townsiiip, and has ever been a valued and worthy citizen, having served ten 
years as Trustee, during which time eight schoolhouses were built and fur- 
nished ; he was Treasurer of the War Fund, and has served as School Director 
and Pathmaster. Mr. Rogers was married to Miss Priscilla Gage, April 13, 
1848. Their family numbers six, viz., Emery A., Harriet E., deceased ; Albert 
N., Henry A., Adella M. and Esther L. The three sons are married, and 
living near home. Mrs. Rogers was born in Pennsylvania, in 1830. Her 
parents, Isaac and Hannah (Eastlick) Gage, were of English and German 
descent, and came to this township in 1832. 

GEORGE SANDERSON, a retired farmer of this township, came over to 
this country from England, his birthplace, 1832. He is the son of John San 
derson, of England, and at the age of eight years was left an orphan. In En- 
gland, he worked for three guineas (about $15) a year, and finding it extremely 
difficult to make a living, he was induced to come to America. Although meet- 
ing with many hardships, his experience on the whole has been satisfactory 
and profitable. From New York, he proceeded to Detroit, and remained in 
the vicinity, his services being engaged by a farmer, until, in June, 1834, he 
came to this township, and while in the employ of Elder Bradford, was attacked 
by the ague, from whicli he sufiered thirteen months. Being in reduced cir- 
cumstances, he returned to Detroit, engaged some time in sawing ship timber, 
and then, purchased land — forty acres — in Lenawee County, Mich., that he 
subsequently traded for eighty acres in this township, where he moved in 1842 ; 
but soon sold out and went to Monroe County, Mich. After the death of his 
wife, Mr. Sanderson returned, and bought 100 acres, where he is now living, in 
the seventieth year of his age. Mr. Sanderson is a Republican, and an anti- 
secret man. His first marriage in April, 1839 ; his wife, Margaret Cooper, a 
native of Yorkshire, Eng. Their children were Lydia A., now Mrs. John C. 
Newnam ; Mary E., deceased ; John F., Ellen, an infant, and George 0., who 
manages the homestead farm. His second wife was Mary Tinklepaugh, whoin 
he married in April, 1857. She died in March, 1875. George 0. Sanderson 
was united in marriage with Nancy Stover, of Steuben County, March 30, 1879. 
Willam C. is their only child. 

JOHN SEABURN, a practical and successful farmer of the township, 
was born in 1835 on the place where he is now living. His estate comprises 
532 acres of improved land, including the old homestead, where his parents, 
William and Nancy A. (Rawjes) Seaburn, of Ohio, located in April, 1832, it 
originally being a tract of 80 acres of entered land. William Seaburn, before 
his death in 1870, had the satisfaction of increasing; the number of acres to 
280. He was a prominent citizen of the county, having held the offices of 
County Commissioner and Justice of the Peace several terms. He was a Re- 
publican and a member of the Methodist Church. He died in his sixty-third 
year. Mrs. Nancy Seaburn died about the year 1852. John Seaburn is a 
Mason and quite a political worker. The proceeds of his farm for the past five 



374 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

years average annually a profit ranging from $2,500 to ^3,000. He also 
raises live stock to some extent. Mrs. Ellen Seaburn, the subject's wife, is the 
daughter of James and Susanna (Lash) Holton, of Pennsylvania, and German 
descent. They have two sons — Fred H. and Frank H. Mrs. Seaburn's birth 
occurred in Richland County, Ohio, in 1838, and her marriage to Mr. Seaburn 
in 1861. 

EZRA SEARS, the eldest son of Eleazear and Sarah (Wheaton) Sears, is 
a native of Onondaga County, N. Y., born December 23, 1826. His parents 
were of English descent, and natives of New York. They moved to this 
township in 1842, and for five years rented Judge Wescott's place. Mr. Sears 
traded his property in New York for forest land here. His family consisted of 
four children. Ezra, when of age, was given 80 acres of land in Elkhart Coun- 
ty, Ind., and after numerous changes, located in this township in 18.51. and 
has increased his fiirm to 424 acres ; he also owns about $2,000 worth of prop- 
erty in Sturgis, Mich. For the year 1879, the proceeds of Mr. Sears' farm 
were $3,700, and for 1880, $3,600. Another profitable branch of industry, 
i. e., sheep-raising, engages Mr. Sears' attention. Mr. Sears, during the years 
of 1876 and 1877, lived eighteen months in Sturgis. Mich., where the school 
advantages were better. Mrs. Sears, formerly .Jane Tuttle, was born in San- 
dusky County, Ohio, November 8, 1837, and is the daughter of Halstead and 
Didama Tuttle, who settled in Lima Township about 1838. She was united 
to the subject i\Iarch 29, 1853. They have two children — Charles W., born 
May 18, 1856, and Florence J., September 12, 1860. Mr. Sears was reared 
to labor and economize, and as a result, is now worth $30,000. His father 
died at the age of sixty-eight, from injuries received by an accident while mow- 
ing in the yard. 

HIRAM SMITH was born in Ellisburg, Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1817, 
from which place he emigrated in the summer of 1834, stopping in Greenfield 
Township, on Pretty Prairie, until 1840, when he located at Mongoquinong — 
now Mongo. He is the son of Oliver and Polly Smith, natives of Vermont 
and Massachusetts, and of Welsh descent. Oliver Smith came West, to Green- 
field Township, in 1836, thence to Orland, Steuben County, where he died in 
1840, at the age of seventy-four years. In 1840, Hiram Smith opened a 
wagon-shop, where he was employed about ten years ; then engaged in mercan- 
tile business, continuing it twenty-five years. He next began the undertaking 
business, which he still follows. Mr. Smith at one time, in company with 
three companions, went on an expedition down Pigeon River, into the St. Joe, 
thence across Potato Creek, down the Kankakee into the Illinois River, near 
Ottawa. They sold their skiff and took steamboat for St. Louis, returning 
home via Wisconsin, in time to vote for Gen. Harrison. Mr. Smith held the 
ofiice of Justice of Peace twelve years, being first elected in 1842, and has 
served as Notary Public. He has been a member of the Republican Central 
Committee, and was elected County Commissioner, but resigned. Under Presi- 
dent Polk, Mr. Smith received an appointment as Postmaster, and served twelve 
years. He has been married three times, first in 1842 to Mary J. Cleveland. 
Of three children born to them, one, Theodosia, is living; she is now Mrs. 
James Bixler. His second wife was Olive B. Farr ; their only son, Eugene, 
is a resident of Kansas. He is living now with his third wife, Mrs. Margaret 
Appleman. They have five children — Cassius, Arthur, Walter, Willie and 
Jennie. 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 375 

G. W. SMITH is a wealtliy and retired farmer of this township ; came 
here and located in 1837. His land at that time was entirely covered with 
timber, with the exception of a clearing of four acres, where stood a rude log 
cabin. Mr. Smith worked by the month four years. In 1842, he married 
Mrs. Jane Shepherd, widow of Starr Shepherd, and daughter of Joseph Gray, 
native of Connecticut, and of Irish descent. She was born in Connecticut m 
1808. Mr. Smith is a native of Madison County, N. Y., born in September, 
1812. His parents, Calvin and Sophia Smith, of English ancestry, were born 
in New York. Mrs. Smith had two children by her first husband — Annie E., 
deceased, and Jerome F., now landlord of the Central House at Mongo. Ey 
Mr. Smith she has three children — George, Sophia and Charles. The sons 
are both living on the homestead farm, and Sophia, now Mrs. Emery A. Rog- 
ers, is living in this township. Mr. Smith has marketed wheat at Fort Wayne 
at 50 cents per bushel, when it required three days to make the trip. 

JOHN SNYDER, Sr., is the son of Samuel C. and Elizabeth Snyder, 
descendants of the Germans, and natives of Pennsylvania. Samuel Snyder 
was a blacksmith by trade. At the age of fifteen, John Snyder went to Wayne 
County, Ohio, subsequently moving to Adams County, Ind., where he lived 
twelve years. In the fall of 1863, he moved to Noble County, lived three 
years, then bought iiis farm of 153 acres in this township. Previous to this, 
he had been principally engaged at his trade — masonry — at which he was a 
first-class workman, and has assisted in laying the foundation of numerous 
buildings in Fort Wayne and Waterloo. Mr. Snyder was born in Franklin 
County, Penn , December 29, 1819, and was married March 24, 1841. He 
was reared among religious people, and has long been a member of the Church 
of God ; his wife belongs to the same church. Mrs. Snyder was Elizabeth 
Kahl, daughter of John and Christina (Gam) Kahl, of Pennsylvania, of Ger- 
man descent. By Mr. Snyder's foresight in detecting an accident about to 
take place, while at work on the main sewer in Fort Wayne, the lives of at 
least twenty men were saved, and a calamity averted. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder 
have had thirteen children, seven of whom are living — Mary, Susan, Marga- 
ret, Samuel, Henry, John and Elizabeth. 

JOHN SPAERO, Se., born in Lancaster County, Penn., January 12, 
1831 ; son of James Spearow, of this Township, formerly of Pennsylvania. 
In 1854, the subject rented land of Benjamin Jones ; then two years later 
journeyed to Polk County, Iowa, where he lived three years, and after a brief 
visit to this county started for Pike's Peak, but returned within a year. He 
then enlisted in Company H. Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infimtry, in the 
fall of 1861, and, owing to disabilities, was honorably discharged at Nashville, 
Tenn., January 20, 1863. Among the battles he participated in may be men- 
tioned Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Perryville. After returning home, he worked 
four years for Peter McKinley, then purchased 160 acres of land where his 
home is now located. Mr. Spaero has been mail carrier since July, 1880, and 
expects to serve four years. October 24, 1853, he was married to his first 
wife, Louisa J. Curtiss, a native of this county, and daughter of Alanson Cur- 
tiss, of New York. She died March 1, 1879, and left three children — John 
A., James H. and Schuyler C. The present Mrs. Spaero and the subject 
were joined in marriage June 13, 1880; she was Anna G. Maybe, daughter of 
Cornelius Maybe, of New Jersey. Mr. Spaero is a leading Republican citizen. 

A. M. SPAULDING, M. D., the successful practicing physician in this 
vicinity, is a native of Essex County, N. Y., born near Crown Point in 1827. 
Until he began the study of medicine at the age of twenty-four, he was a stock- 



370 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES- 

drover and lived with his parents, Miles and Theodosia (Nichols) Spaulding. His 
father, who went to Richland County, Ohio, in 1838, and came here in 1879, 
is living with the subject at the age of eighty-four. His first experience in read- 
ing medicine was with Dr. Cyrus Damsell, of Lexington, Richland Co., Oliio, 
who died about two years subsequently, and for one year the subject was under 
the tutelage of Dr. U. P. Anderson. During the winter of 1849-50, he was 
a student in the Starling Medical College, Ohio. In 1852, after practicing two 
years at Lexington, he went to California, returning in the spring of 1854. to 
begin his medical career in this township, having located his home at Spring- 
field Village. The Doctor is widely known and has built up a large practice. 
His first year's work was not very encouraging, however, as he came out §100 
in debt, but he has striven and succeeded. Dr. Spaulding was married Octo- 
ber 10, 1851, to Miss Lovina Holtom. Her parents, James and Susan (Lash; 
Holtom, were natives of Ohio, and descendants of the English. Dr. and Mrs. 
Spaulding have two children — Isadora Minnette, now Mrs. Joseph Newnam, 
and Frank, who is' now engaged in farming. Dr. Spaulding is a Republican, 
and was chiefly instrumental in causing to be organized a lodge of Good Tem- 
plars and establishing a permanent mail route. He was a charter member of the 
Regulator Society, serving twenty-one years as secretary. 

JAMES SPEAROW. Sr., was one of seven children born to William and 
Rosanna (Ruth) Spearow, and the first to leave his native State, Pennsylvania, 
to seek a Western home. He was married in October, 1829, to Susanna Stauver. 
born in Pennsylvania, in 1801 ; Mr. Spearow was born in Lancaster County 
September 18, 1808. About 1832, they went to Stark County, Ohio, and in 
the spring of 1846 came to this county, and Mr. Spearow traded his team for 
160 acres of land, never questioning the honesty of the parties with whom he 
bargained, but afterward discovered that they had no claim on the land. He 
soon after moved to land in this township ; his wife was unequal to the tasks 
and hardships, and died in February, 1849. They had ten children — Rosanna, 
John, Samuel, Susanna (deceased), William, James, Daniel, Jacob, Solomon 
and Mary. September 13, 1849, Mr. Spearow married Mrs. Martha Millis, 
widow of John W. Millis and daughter of Robert and Mary (Connel) Burke, 
natives respectively of Kentucky and Virginia, and of Irish descent. Mrs. 
Spearow is a native of Madison County, Ky., born in 1811, and by her first 
marriage had four children — Elnora E., Helen S., Estella and Sarah C. By 
Mr. Spearow, three, viz., Sarah A., Amelia and Gibson — Amelia only living. 
Subject and wife belong to the U. B. Church. He is a Republican, and owns 
240 acres of fine land, and has retired from active work. Four of Mr. Spea- 
row's sons served during the war of the rebellion. 

SAMUEL SPEAROW, who owns 240 acres of land in this township, 
came here with his parents in 1846, and has spent his time since in working 
hard to possess himself of a good home and improved farm. He lived for 
some time in a log house, and during the month of May prepared and planted 
ten acres of corn. He was married on the 25th of December, 1847, to Frances 
Deal, the daughter of Conrad and Elizabeth Deal, who came to tiiis county in 
1834. Mr. and Mrs. Spearow had eleven children, six of whom are living, 
viz.: Charlie F., Fred, Joe, Agnes E., Ned and Maggie B. Mr. Spearow is 
a native of Stark County, Ohio, and was born October 14, 1832 : his parents 
were James and Susanna Spearow. He lived under the parental roof until 
twenty-four years of age ; then went to Van Buren Township, and rented ;i 
farm one year; then returned and bought 80 acres of his present farm, which 



SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 377 

is now worth about $11,000. He is an active Republican and energetic 
citizen ; paid $150 to assist in clearing the township draft. 

SOLOMON SPEAROW was born August 15, 1843, and when a child 
came to this county with his parents, James and Susan Spearow. He 
remained with his father until the age of twenty-two, and October 25, 1868, 
was united in marriage with Mrs. Lydia A. Gage, the widow of Samuel Gage, 
deceased, and daughter of Elias and Roxia Gilbert. They have four children . 
— Addie, Hattie H., Flora and Rollin. By her first husband Mrs. Spearow 
had one child. Ella R., who is now teaching school. Mr. Spearow's farm is 
well cultivated, and for the past three years the proceeds have averaged about 
$1,800 a year. He is a member of the U. B. Church. Mrs. Spearow's 
father, Elias G. Gilbert, was born in New York State August 2, 1808, and moved 
thence to Clark County, Ohio, when but a boy. In 1833, he was married 
to Mrs. Roxia (Hammond) Nickelson of New York. He moved to this county 
in 1835, three years after its organization. He first settled in Green Town- 
ship on the farm of Judge Seeley, and in two years had accumulated enough to 
purchase 80 acres of land in Springfield Township, on Brushy Prairie. Hav- 
ing partially cleared his land he built a log-cabin, where they dwelt until 1851, 
when they built the frame structure that is yet standing. Mr. Gilbert was an 
industrious man, a kind father and accommodating neighbor. At the time of 
his death he owned 500 acres of land, well improved with good buildings. He 
died at his home on Brushy Prairie, of typhoid fever, September 22, 1865. 

ELISHA TALMAGE is one of ten children in the family of Enos and 
Polly (Barber) Talmage, who were natives of New York, of English descent. 
He learned carpentering at the age of twenty-one and followed it two years at 
$10 a month; then in the summer of 1836 worked in Auburn, N. Y.; the suc- 
ceeding fall went to Michigan, made a brief sojourn in Lenawee County, 
returning to his home via Canada. In the spring of 1837, in company with 
his brother-in-law, came to Indiana, settling in the fall on 120 acres, for which 
he paid $500. He now owns 169 acres, worth $75 per acre. Mr. Talmage's 
first wife, Lucy Williams, native of New York, died in April, 1849, after nine 
years of married life, during which time five children were born to them — 
Joseph, Harriet, Enos, Mary E. and Calista E. Mr. Talmage in 1851, Octo- 
ber, married Miss Jane Griffon, a native of Spaxton, England, who came to 
this country in 1833, with her parents — Robert H. and Mary (Polman) 
Griffen. They have ten children, viz.: Lewis E., Isaac G. (deceased), 
Charles E., Harvey H., Herbert J., Locy L., Arthur F., Ernest E., George 
G. and Eva J. (deceased). Joseph W., son of subject, in 1861 enlisted in the 
Twenty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but soon after was transferred to the 
Twenty-first Heav}' Artillery. He is now a i-esident of Nebraska, and donated 
land for the church on his farm. His wife belongs to the Methodist Church. 
Mr. Talmage, since 1856, has raised considerable live stock, is an enterprising 
man, and was born in 1813 in Milton, Saratoga County, N. Y. 

HENRY TALMAGE, Sr., began farming for himself when twenty-one 
years of age, and has followed that occupation since ; has retired from active 
work and is living on the farm where he and family located in the fall of 1840, 
which is now under the skillful management of his youngest son. Ira Enos 
and Polly (Barber) Talmage were New Yorkers, of English descent; their son 
Henry, the subject, was born in 1804, in Saratoga County, N. Y.; he married 
Sophia W. Corwin, January 7, 1827 ; she was born October 22, 1807, and is 
the daughter of Horton and Betsey (Armstrong) Corwin, natives of Connecti- 



378 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

cut. They have had five children — Rosetta, (deceased) ; Louisa, Henry C, Ira 
C. and Werter, (deceased). Mr. Tahiiage owns 160 acres of land, and is versed 
in the experiences of pioneer life. At one time he worked three weeks making 
hay in water twelve to eighteen inches deep. He is one of the charter mem- 
bers of the Regulator Society, and assisted in constructing the first school 
building in the vicinity. Ira Talmage was married, December 15, 1871, to 
Ellen Knight, who was born in Ohio June 22, 1844, the daughter of Daniel 
and Lucy Knight, Virginians by birth. They had two children — Clara B., and 

GEORGE THOMPSON, son of Barnabas Thompson, was born in Berk- 
shire County, Mass., in 1812, December 24. His father was a shoemaker, and 
located, about 1830, at White Pigeon, Mich., and then came with his family to 
Greenfield Township, this county, and died while with his son. When of age, 
George Thompson left his native State on the 1st of September and arrived in 
this county on the 20th. For two years he worked, variously employed, then 
entered eighty acres of land, and, shortly after, two lots of forty acres each ; he 
has since impi'oved and increased it to 217 acres ; it is worth about $55 per 
acre. Mr. Thompson is considered a leading farmer and citizen, and has never 
belonged to any secret society except the Regulators. Mr. Thompson's first 
wife, Caroline F. Butts, to whom he was married in 1837. died in March, 
1848 ; she was a native of New York and had three children — Marshall, George 
W. and Ithai. September 10, 1848, the subject was married to his second 
wife, Cassia Searles, a native of New York ; their children are Emeline, Let- 
tie, Dora and Charles, who reside near the home farm. 

CHARLES W. WADE is the son of Robert and Jane (Jiles) Wade, his 
birth occurring in Upper Canada in 1840. Robert VVade was an English- 
man, and came to America with a brother in 1829, locating at White Pigeon, 
Mich., as a farmer. Jane Jiles came to Detroit, from England, with her par- 
ents in 1830, but from some discouragement, they returned to England the 
same year. Being again induced to cross the ocean, they located on English 
Prairie, in this county. In 1833, Jane Jiles and Robert Wade were married, 
and four years later moved to Canada, where they were residents until 184U, 
when they returned to this township. In 1853, Mr. Wade went to California 
and a few years later met his death ; he was one of the passengers on board 
the " Central America," when that ship went down, shortly after passing Low- 
er California. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. His wife yet sur- 
vives, aged seventy-three years, and lives with her son, Charles W. For more 
than forty years she has been actively connected with the Methodist Church. 
Her father, John Jiles, was the first on English Prairie to grind wheat by hand, 
with a stone, an invention that served a good purpose at the time. Charles 
W. Wade was first married in 1870 to Harriet Waterhouse, who died in 1873, 
January 23. March 18, 1875, his marriage with Harriet A. Newnam was 
solemnized. She is the daughter of Nicholas B. and Susan (Greenfield) New- 
nam, her birth occurring on the 26th of February, 1845. Mr. Wade owns the 
old homestead farm where they are living, and in addition to farming, Mr. 
Wade is engaged in stock-raising. 



CLEARSPRING TOWNSHIP. 37i' 



CLEARSPRINC TOWNSHIP. 

FRANK L. CHURCH was born August 20, 1845, in Skaneateles, On- 
ondaga County, N. Y. His parents were Darius D. and Jane Church, both 
natives of New York, where they died. The subject passed his youth in the 
State of New York, and when eleven years of age began working out by tlie 
month during summers and for his board in the winter, when he attended 
school. When nineteen years old, he enlisted in Company H, Fifteenth New 
York Engineer Corps. During his fifteen months' service, he participated in 
the engagement at Petersburg and his company were part of the array held in 
reserve at Richmond, and was the first to pass through tiiat city after its sur- 
render. He was discharged at Elmira, N. Y., and came to Indiana in 186-4, 
since which time he has been engaged in farming. Mai'ch 28, 1866, Mr. 
Church was married in this township to Miss Eliza A. Hoagland ; she is a 
member of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, and was born in this county. 
Her parents, Clement and Abigail Hoagland, came from New York at an early 
day to Indiana, and died in this county. Mr. Church owns 200 acres of well 
cultivated land, of which he has cleared 150. He has a family of three 
children — Delta, Freddie and Bessie. 

JOSEPH DALLAS, born in Dixon Township, Preble County, Ohio, 
October 5, 1H20, son of William and Mary Dallas, came to Indiana when six- 
teen years old and lived on a farm with his father in this township. When 
twenty-one years of age, he contracted for a job of clearing twenty acres of land 
and splitting 6,000 12-foot rails, receiving forty acres of timbered land as pay- 
ment. This he subsequently resided upon six years, and July 4, 1850, bought 
thirty-six of the 271 1 acres of his present farm. He learned grafting in his 
youth, and continues to follow that as a branch of industry. Mr. Dallas was 
married in this county, May 9, 1843, to Miss Emily Clark, native of New 
York, and daughter of Erastus and Jerusha Clark, who located on a farm in 
Clay Township, this county. Mr. Clark died in Harrison County, Iowa, and 
his wife in this township. Mr. and Mrs. Dallas are members of the Wesleyan 
Methodist Church. Eight children have been born to them : George T. was 
a soldier in the late war, and died at home ; Erastus C, Sylvia E., Ida and 
Joseph S., deceased ; Theodore, living in Adams County, Iowa ; Isola J., in 
Noble County, and Lottie, a resident of Oregon. 

LEVI DALLAS was born in Ohio, and is a son of William and Mai-y 
Dallas, natives of New Jersey. The subject came to Indiana in 1836, and 
lived with his father on a farm where the latter died ; Mrs. Dallas died in Ohio. 
Levi Dallas, after acquiring a common-school education, began working by the 
month at Rochester, in Perry Township. Previous to his marriage, he bought 
eighty acres of land in Cleai-spring Township, and cleared six acres. He now 
owns 110 acres with first-class improvements. His large residence is con- 
structed of brick, with all surroundings to correspond — iron fence, large barn, 
etc. Mr. Dallas is an excellent farmer whom it is difficult to surpass. Octo- 
ber 27, 1859, Mr. Dallas was united in marriage with Caroline Newhouse, a 
native of Ohio. They have four children — Mary, Eva, Lucy and Martha. 
Mrs. Dallas' parents, natives of Virginia, were Amos and Mary Newhouse, 



380 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

and were among the first settlers of La Grange County, coining here in 1835, 
and locating in this township on land secured to them by a warrant, and there 
they died. 

LORENZO DALLAS, one of the four brothers living in this township, 
son of William and Mary Dallas, was born June 28, 1819, in Preble County, 
Ohio, where his education was achieved in the common schools. His mother 
dying in Ohio, his father came to this county, October 8, 1836, and located on 
a farm, where the latter period of his life was passed. Lorenzo Dallas, in 
common with his brothers, chose the life of a farmer, and keeps apace with the 
times. He owns 165 acres of fertile and highly improved land. Mr. Dallas 
was married in November 1840, in this county, to Miss Sarah Kitchen. She 
was the daughter of Richard and Mary Kitchen and of the same nativity as 
her parents who were born in New Jersey, and died in this township. They 
have six children, namely : James, married and living in this county ; John, 
at home ; William, living in Montana ; Clarissa J., married and a resident of 
this township ; Richard and Newell, at home. 

SAMUEL DALLAS is a native of New Jersey, and came to Indiana 
in 1836. His parents, William and Mary Dallas, were also natives of New 
Jersey. Mr. Dallas, Sr., upon arriving in this township, entered 40 acres of 
land and built a log cabin and a saw and grist mill, the first in the township, 
which he operated until 1838. William Dallas died in this township, and his 
wife in Preble County, Ohio. Samuel Dallas was reared in Preble County, 
Ohio, on a farm, and received but a meager education. He was married, March 
25, 1841, to Anna M. Crosby, a daughter of Simeon and Sarah Crosby, na- 
tives of Connecticut and Massachusetts, respectively. Mr. Crosby died in 
New York, and Mrs. Crosby in this township. Mrs. Dallas was born in Massa- 
chusetts. They began married life very modestly on 80 acres of his present 
farm, in a little log-cabin, with log stable, etc., which Mr. Dallas has cleared, 
improved and increased, until now he owns 200 acres, a large residence, barn, 
etc. Mr. Dallas is a thorough and enterprising farmer. They have two 
children living — Sarah A. and Mary J., both married, and living in Clear- 
spring Township. 

URIAH ECKER is a native of this county, born March 5, 1850, and 
son of John and Martha Ecker, who came to Indiana in 1841, and located on 
a farm in Eden Township, where John Ecker died ; he was born in Pennsylva- 
nia. Mrs. Ecker, a native of Ohio, is yet living, in Middlebury, Elkhart 
County. Uriah Ecker was educated a farmer, and was married in Ligonier, 
September 20, 1871, to Miss Ellen L. Ramsby, native of Pennsylvania, whose 
parents, John S. and Hannah Ramsby, came to Indiana and settled on a farm 
in Eden Township, in 1838. Mr. Ecker and wife lived eighteen months on a 
rented farm ; then moved to Noble County, where they rented four years: then 
came and settled on 80 acres of land he had purchased in this township, where 
they have remained. They are both members of the Methodist Protestant 
Church, and have four children — Mattie M., Frank T., Jay S. and Albert R. 
Mr. Ecker, although comparatively young in years, is an experienced farmer, 
and has a fair prospect before him. 

SOLOMON FLECK was born in Washington County, Ohio, in 1820, on 
the 26th of December. He purchased 40 acres of uncleared land when he 
came to Indiana, in 1848. He has made a marked improvement in the 120 
acres that constitute his farm in this township. Mr. Fleck's wife was Julia 
A. Karshner, daughter of Louis Karshner, and a native of Harrison County, 



CLEARSPRING TOWNSHIP. 381 

Va. They were married in Clearspring Township in 1850, December 12. Mr. 
Fleck's younger days were passed in Ohio, where his advantages for learning 
were very limited. The intervening time, prior to his marriage, was spent 
profitably in hard, every-day work. Mr. Fleck's mother, Elizabeth Fleck, 
died in this township. She came here in 1848, from Ohio, where her husband 
died ; both were born in Maryland, and were worthy, Christian people. 

IRA FORD is a native of Wayne County, N. Y., and a son of Jarrett 
and Rebecca Ford, who came to Indiana and located in La Grange in April, 
1856. Jarrett Ford was a native of Massachusetts, and died in La Grange, 
May 1, 1881. Rebecca Ford was born in Maryland, and is now living in La 
Grange, at the advanced age of seventy years. Ira Ford was born October 13, 
1848, and spent his youth with his parents, and previous to his marriage 
taught five terms of school, beginning when he was nineteen years of age. 
February 6, 1873, he was married, in this county, to Miss Julia A. Peck, a na- 
tive of this township, and daughter of Hawley and Harriet Peck, since which 
time he has been engaged principally in farming, although he has taught eight 
terms of school, during the winter, when not otherwise employed. Mr. Ford 
owns 80 acres of land, replete with the modern improvements and buildings, 
and his reputation as a thorough farmer and worthy citizen is indisputable. 

JAMES HAVILAND came to this township in the year 1837, purchas- 
ing 200 acres of land that his brother had entered from the Government, and 
before reaching it was obliged to open three miles of road ; but with the char- 
acteristic industry of the pioneer, broughi this land to its present state of culti- 
vation. James Haviland was born in New York July 30, 1808 ; his father, 
John Haviland, was born and died in that State. His mother, Polly Haviland, 
a native also of New York, came to Noble County, and, until her death in 
Elkhart Township, made her home with her children. Four years before 
leaving New Yoi'k, Mr. Haviland was married in Waterloo, to Miss Betsey 
Pearson. She was the daughter of Peleg and Sarah Pearson, and a New Yorker 
b}' birth. To them have been born two children — Mary E., now married, and 
Caroline, deceased. Mr. Haviland is a citizen of good standing in the com- 
munitv, and his wife is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church. 

WILLARD HERVEY was born in Bridgewater, Mass., June 10, 1815, 
and when seventeen years old began an apprenticeship of eighteen months in 
making custom-made shoes, and followed that industry for four years. His 
parents, Byron and Parnell Hervey, were natives of Massachusetts, and died 
in Worcester County. Willard Hervey, while in Oneida County, N. Y., was 
married, December 3, 1835, to Miss Louisa B. Crosby, a native of Massachu- 
setts. Her parents were Simeon and Sarah S. Crosby. Her father died in 
New York, and her mother in this township. After a short residence in Utica 
County, N. Y., Mr. Hervey and wife came to Indiana, remaining two months 
in Steuben County ; then came to this township, where he entered 120 acres of 
land, upon which he built a log cabin and located in 1837. Eighty acres of 
this land are under cultivation. Mr. Hervey has held several township offices ; 
served four years as Justice of the Peace, and for eight years was Postmaster at 
Ringgold — the latter office is now abandoned. October 23, 1839, Mr. Hervey's 
wife died, and he was married to her sistei-, Sabrina C. Crosby, a native of 
Massachusetts, December 22, 1839. They are members of the M. P. Church. 
By his first wife Mr. Hervey had two children — Parnell, deceased ; and Louisa 
B. The other children are Lucelia, Luthera C, Laura B., Lovilla R., 
Bashby F. (deceased), Henry H., Calista A., and Lois (deceased). 



382 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

CHRISTOPHER HOOLEY, one of the enterprising men of Clearspring 
Township, is a native of Mifflin County, Penn. David and Mary Hooley, his 
parents, were born and died in Pennsylvania. Christopher Hooley lived with 
his parents, who were farmers, until he was married, and taught school two 
winters previous to that event. February 28, 1874, he was married to Miss 
Sarah Zook, a native of Mifflin County, Penn., and daughter of S. and Frances 
Zook, natives of Pennsylvania, where they died. The subject and wife lived in 
Pennsylvania eight years previous to coming to this county, in 1855. They 
first rented a farm in Eden Township, then went to Noble County and resided 
one year ; returned, and rented again for one and a half years. During that 
time, Mr. Hooley taught one term of school. In 1858, he bought forty acres 
of land, thirty of which were improved ; he now has 120 acres, and a substantial 
brick residence, with no less than fifteen separate buildings on the farm. Mr. 
Hooley is a thorough and systematic manager, and can compete with any 
farmer in the county. He has served six consecutive years as Township 
Trustee. Mr. and Mrs. Hooley are members of the Ornish Mennonite Church, 
and have two children — Emma R., married, and living on the old farm ; Rachel 
Z., also married, and a resident of this township. 

J. J. and A. J. HOSTETLER constitute the firm of Hosteller Brothers, 
dealers in general merchandise, at Emma, La Grange County. They are substantial 
business men, and engaged in their present enterprise in the fall of 1880. They 
are both natives of Holmes County, Ohio, and the sons of Moses J. and Eliza- 
beth (Mast) Hochstetler. The parents were natives of Somerset County, Penn., 
their respective births occurring in 1812 and 1822. Jacob J. Hostetler was 
born August 12, 1854. His school advantages were very fair, and at the age 
of seventeen he began teaching, following that vocation winters, and working 
on his father's farm during the summer season, until he attained his majority. 
He taught ten terms in this county in nine years. November 26, 1876, he 
"married Miss Jennie Nelson, a native of this county, born January 28, 1858, 
and the daughter of John P. and Sarah A. (Roderick) Nelson, natives of Ohio. 
Mr. and Mrs. Hostetler are members of the Mennonite Church, and have three 
children — William 0., Ora M. and Myrtle M. Mr. Hostetler is at present 
Postmaster at Emma. Andrew J. Hostetler was born August 18, 1858. Until 
he became of age he was employed in working on the home farm, after which he 
worked for his brothers, up to the time of entering his present business. He 
received an average education, and is yet unmarried. 

ORVIN KENT is a native of Connecticut, and son of Elijah and Achsa 
Kent, natives also of Connecticut, and who came to this State at an early day. 
Elijah Kent was a farmer and merchant, and died in Noble County, and Mrs. 
Kent in tliis county. Orvin Kent attended school in Connecticut until sixteen 
years old, and also attended one term at the Wesleyan Academy at Wilbraham, 
Mass. He taught his first term of school when sixteen years old, and followed 
that vocation until his marriage, after which he turned his attention to farm- 
ing ; he has probably taught forty terms of school in all. He was married in 
Butler County, Ohio, in December, 1840, to Drizella Tweedy, a native of Ohio, 
•who was the first child born to Robert and Elizabeth Tweedy after coming to 
America from Ireland. They lived in Monroe County, Ohio, for some time, 
■where the subject was engaged in teaching ; from there he came to Eden Town- 
ship, and located on 200 acres of wooded land. About twenty years ago he 
built a large frame building in this township, and seven years ago one in Eden 
Township, just opposite his commodious residence that was built in 1881. Mr. 



CLEARSPRING TOWNSHIP. 383 

Kent at one time owned 300 acres of land. He has filled the offices of County 
Commissioner and Justice of the Peace one term each, and is a member of the 
Masonic Lodge, 185 of Ligonier ; belongs to the Swedenborgian Church. Their 
children are Robert (married, and lives in this township), Nathan (married, and 
living in Eden Township), Laura (married and living in this township), Vol- 
ney (married, and living at Marshalltown, Iowa), Alvin (deceased), and Alice 
(twins), and Elvira (deceased). Alice is married and living at Grand Rapids. 

THOMAS H. LOW is the son of Nicholas and Elizabeth Low, and 
was reared in this township, where he was born August 10, 1843. He lived at 
home, assisting his parents on the farm until he was married, September 22, 
1865, to Miss Tressa Shoemaker, a native of Stark County, Ohio, in La 
Grange. Her parents were John and Elizabeth Shoemaker ; her mother, who 
was a native of Maryland, died in Elkhart County. Her father went to Cali- 
fornia during the time of the gold excitement there, and never returned. Since 
their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Low have resided on their present farm, and have 
been moderately successful, as the fact of their having the material for fhe 
erection of a brick residence the coming spring will testify. They are both 
members of the cliurch, and Mr. Low for the past four years has been engaged 
in the ministry, and expects to continue. For three years Mr. Low executed 
the duties of Justice of the Peace. Of seven children born to them, six are 
living — Annette A., Warren W., Charles N., John F., Bernona E., Laura E., 
and Cora L. (deceased). 

NICHOLAS LOW, son of Jesse and Elizabeth Low, is a native of York 
County, Penn. ; his parents were natives of the same State, and the father died 
tliere ; the mother in Maryland. Nicholas Low was educated at the common 
schools, and remained with his mother until thie age of sixteen ; he served an 
apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade ; worked at that for some time, then 
came to Ohio and spent about a year there, then returned to Maryland, and 
was married in New Market, Baltimore County, to Elizabeth A. Hendricks, a 
native of Maryland; her parents, Thomas and Elizabeth Hendricks, natives 
respectively of Pennsylvania and Baltimore, Md., both died in Springfield, 
Ohio. Mr. Low came to Indiana in 1836. and lived two months in Eden 
Township, then moved to this township, where he built a log cabin, but has 
since improved and cleared the land and built a good, large residence, with the 
customary outbuifdings ; he owned 320 acres of Government land. Mr. Low 
is one of the oldest pioneers of the county, and an excellent farmer. They 
have had nine children — Sarah A. (deceased), Joseph (deceased), Mary J., 
(living in this township), Thomas H. (of this township), John W. (of Eden 
Township), Elizabeth, Daniel and Juliann (deceased), and Martha E. (of this 
township). The four living are married. Mrs. Low is a member of the Meth- 
odist Protestant Church. 

JAMES H. McLaughlin came to this State in 1849, and bought 
forty acres of land in this township in partnership with an uncle, who also ren- 
dered him some assistance when he invested in his present farm of eighty acres. 
His father, John McLaughlin, came to this country from Ireland when eight 
years old. His mother was born in Lancaster County, Penn., where they were 
living when James H. was born ; they subsequently moved to this township in 
1844 or 1845, and were living here at the time of their deaths. The subject 
was married in La Grange February 10, 1853, to Miss Rebecca Row. Her 
parents, Samuel and Rebecca Row, natives of Pennsylvania, came from Wayne 
County, Ohio, to La Grange in 1848. Her father died in Clay Township, but 



384 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

her mother still survives. Mrs. McLaughlin was born in Lancaster County, 
Penn. In 1853, Mr. McLaughlin went to California and spent three years 
there in mining ; returned, and, in 1858, established himself on his present 
farm, which is up to the average in improvements and appearance. 

ERASTUS NELSON, son of Eli and Isabella Nelson, was born April 
9, 1819, in Seneca County, N. Y., where his parents both died. They were 
natives, respectively, of Maryland and JIassachusetts. The subject's boyhood 
days were spent in New York, in attending school and laboring on a farm. 
He came to this township in 1847, and located on 80 acres of land. Mr. Nel- 
son was very unfavorably impressed with Indiana at first, and after clearing one 
acre, and building a log-cabin, he sold his land and bought 80 acres where he is 
now living. At that time the nearest market place was Fort Wayne, and 
wheat was worth only -10 cents a bushel. There being more profit in raising 
peppermint than anything else, Mr. Nelson engaged in that to some extent, 
finding a market for his crops at Constantine, Mich. He now owns one of the 
best farms in the township. Mr. Nelson was married in New York, December 
26, 1844, to Miss Arvilla Puffer, native of Oswego. N. Y., and daughter of 
Ira and Sarah D. Puffer. The former died in New York, the latter in Michi- 
gan. They are parents of six children — Lovina, at Ligonier ; Angeline, Isa- 
bella, and Francis, living in this township ; all are married ; Charles F. and 
Mary L., deceased. Mr. Nelson has served eight years as Trustee, and is a 
mem^ber of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, 159, Star of the West. 

FR.\NCIS M. NELSON and his wife were both born in this township, 
and were united in marriage at Wolcottville, on the 18th day of April, 1878. 
She was Almira J. Musser, the daughter of Daniel and Rebecca Musser. They 
have an only child — Ethel L. — and are living on a farm in this township, of 80 
excellently improved acres of land, with good buildings to correspond. Eras- 
tus and Arvilla Nelson, parents of the subject, were early settlers of this coun- 
ty. Mrs. Nelson's parents were also among the pioneers of La Grange Coun- 
ty, and are yet residents of this township. They came here from Pennsylva- 
nia, their native State. The subject in his youth taught five terras of school. 

BURTON PECK, son of .John and Sarah (Gilbert) Peck, is a native of 
Fairfield, Conn., born 1813. His parents were also natives of Connecticut, 
and moved to New York, where the father died, at Phelps. Mrs. Peck died in 
Indiana. The subject spent his boyhood in New York, and received his school- 
ingat Phelps and Royalton, Niagara County. He startedablacksmith shop when 
twenty years of age, having served an apprenticeship of three years at that 
trade ; he followed this business eight years. In 1845, Mr. Peck came to this 
township, settled on 40 acres of land, where he built a shop and log house, and 
lived there six or seven years, then removed to his present farm of 140 acres ; 
it originally was composed of 80 acres. The improvements consist of a fine 
orchard of six acres, containing 250 trees, commodious brick house, etc. He 
was married, December 7, 1843, in Junius, Seneca Co., N. Y., to Miss Sarah 
Hastings, a native of that State. She is a member of the Presbyterian 
Church. They have five children living, and one, Esther, deceased. John 
lives in Eden Township ; Charles at home; Olive Pancake, a resident of Noble 
County ; Emily Showalter living in Elkhart County, and George in this town- 
ship. All are married except Charles. Mr. Peck is an enterprising and in- 
telligent farmer, possessing sterling attributes, and ranking as one of the most 
valued citizens. 



CLEARSPRING TOWNSHIP. 385 

HAWLEY PECK, a native of Newton, Conn., entered his first 80 acres 
of land here in 1836, then came and purchased 160 acres two years later, and 
in February, 1814, transferred his family and worldly possessions to this town- 
ship, from New York, made the necessary improvements on his land, and 
moved thereon. He purchased another 160 acres adjoining, and sold his gov- 
€rnraent land. His farm has numerous fine buildings, three large orchards, 
etc. The staple product of his early farming was peppermint, and his was the 
first raised in the State of Indiana. He found a profitable market for this 
commodity at Ontario, N. 1''., to which place he went, via Fort Wayne, ten 
different times ; he also raised livestock quite extensively. Mr. Peck is well 
and favorably known in his vicinity. The county fair grounds were purchased 
by him. In January, 1863, he was elected President of an Agricultural 
Society, and four years later left it in a flourishing condition ; lie has been three 
times a representative of the Agricultural Sociey of Indianapolis, and for three 
years was Justice of the Peace. Mr. Peck is a Universalist. His wife died 
in 1873, July 10 ; she was Miss Harriet Burnett, daughter of Archibald and 
Spiddy Burnett, and was a native of New York, where she was married to Mr. 
Peck January 1, 1834. To their union were born twelve children, viz.: 
Louisa, Fayette, Jarvis, Luanna, Sarah A. (deceased), Leonard (died December 
20, 1881), Archibald B. (deceased), Julia A., Harrison N., Spiddy, Jane and 
Ella I. Mr. Peck gave to his two oldest sons 80 acres of land apiece, and to 
his third son $2,000 in real estate. Mr. Peck's parents, John and Sarah Peck, 
were natives of Connecticut. The former was a blacksmith and farmer, and 
died in New York. Sarah Peck died when at the home of the subject in this 
township. 

JAMES PIXLEY'' is the son of Elijah and Lucretia Pixley, natives of 
Ohio and Kentucky, who located in the southern part of Indiana, and bought 
80 acres of land in Union County, where the subject was born February 3, 
1831. In 1835, they sold that property and came to this township and entered 
320 acres of land. Upon arriving here they lived in a tent about a month, 
preparatory to building the customary log cabin of the early days, when beds 
were made by poles laid crosswise on another pole, passed through holes bored 
in the walls of the cabin. Mrs. Pixley died April 25, 1852, and Elijah Pixley 
July 24, 1873. After attaining his majority, the subject worked by the month 
or day, until twenty-six years old, when he visited California. In 1864, he 
enlisted in the Seventh California Volunteer Infantry, Company D, for the 
remainder of the war. After his discharge, in May, 1866, he returned to the 
home of his parents, and began his career as a farmer on 40 acres of land, pre- 
viously purchased in this township — he now owns 120 acres of the old home- 
stead farm. He was married in this county August 30, 1868, to Miss Martha 
J. McDonald, a native of Missouri, and daughter of John W. and Hannah 
McDonald, the latter living with subject's family. They have four children — 
Flora I., Elijah, Alma E. and William E. Mrs. Pixley is a member of the 
Weslyan Methodist Church, and Mr. Pixley of the I. 0. 0. F.'s and Masonic 
Lodge, 152. 

JOHN PRICE, son of William H. and Rachel Price, was born in this 
township May 22, 1851. William Price was born in Washington County, Md., 
and came to Indiana in 1847, locating on 80 acres of land in this township; he 
is yet living, and is sixty-five years old. Mrs. Price was born in Licking 
County, Ohio, and died in Kansas. The subject is living on the farm above 
aientioned, and his life has. been closely identified with this township. He was 



386 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

married here December 25, 1873, to Miss Emeline Barnes, a daughter of Har- 
ley and Julia A. Barnes, who came to Indiana and located on a farm in Clear- 
spring Township. She is a native of New York. Their dwelling house, which 
is a fine residence, was built by the subject's father, and the farm presents a 
thrifty and improved appearance. Mr. and Mrs. Price have one child living, 
Lewis, and two, Dora and Lena, deceased. Mr. Price has served as Assessor 
three years, and in 1880 was elected Trustee, in which capacity he is now serv- 
ing. 

JULIUS 0. SESLINE is a native of Switzerland. His parents, Julius 
and Susannah Sesline, came to America in 1847, and made their home in Stark 
County, Ohio. His father died in Alliance, Ohio, and his mother in Canton. 
Julius went to school in Canton, and, in the spring of 1864, enlisted in Com- 
pany C, One Hundred and Sixty-second Ohio National Guards, and after receiv- 
ing his discharge December 15, 1864, re-enlisted the same year in the Third 
Ohio Independent Battery. He was in battle when the attempt was made by 
Gen. Hood's army to recapture Nashville ; also in the engagement at Fort Don- 
elson ; at one time he was detached from his battery and set to fighting guer- 
rillas, and while in service met with numerous exciting incidents and adventures. 
He was discharged July 15, 1865, and was engaged in railroading some time 
afterward ; next was employed as clerk in a hotel about a year ; then with the 
sum of 25 cents came to Warsaw, Ind., and was with Perry & Burrill one year, 
learning the baker's trade ; subsequently was employed eight months as baker 
by a firm in Fort Wayne. He next appeared at Kendallville ; then removed to 
the Haw Patch. He married a Miss Jones December 25, 1873; she was the 
daughter of Aquila Jones, and is a member of the Lutheran Church. They 
have three children — Willis 0., John N. and Clyde. Mr. Sesline has a farm 
of 140 acres, and is a Mason in Lodge No. 76, at La Grange. 

WILLIAM SIGLER is a native of Washington County, Md., and when 
quite young went with his parents, John and Catharine Sigler, natives also of 
Maryland, to Ashland County, Ohio, where they died. He received a common- 
school education, principally in Ohio, and lived with his parents until December 
29, 1841, when he was married to Miss Lydia Himes, a native of Pennsylvania. 
After farming twelve years in Ohio, he came to this township and settled on 
120 acres of land, thirty of whicli were improved and adorned with two log cab- 
ins and one small log stable. Mr. Sigler has made the usual improvements on 
his farm, and increased it to 270J acres. Mrs. Sigler's parents, Paul and Susan 
Himes, natives of Pennsylvania, came to Indiana in 1857, and located on a farm 
in Johnson Township, where Mr. Himes died. Mrs. Himes died in this town- 
ship. Mr. and Mrs. Sigler are members of the Lutheran Church, and are par- 
ents of eleven children, as follows : Mary and John M., living in Wisconsin ; 
Amanda E., in this township ; Susan C, at home ; Samuel L., of Wisconsin ; 
Matilda A., this township ; Solomon F., this township ; Harriet .J., at home ; 
Amelia S., of Eden Township ; William H., deceased, and Paul E., in this 
township. All excepting Susan and Harriet are married. Jlr. Sigler served 
as Constable one year in Ohio, and three years in this township. 

GEORGE B. ULMER, born December 15, 1838, was the first white child 
born in Allen Township, and his parents, George T. and Julia A. Ulmer, were 
among the first white settlers in that township. George B. Ulmer started on an 
expedition to Pike's Peak, at the age of nineteen, with a company of seven. 
Mr. Ulmer, while en route home, reaped considerable profit from transactions in 
live stock. In Illinois he stopped nine months, working on a farm at $18 per 
month ; then went up to the pineries of Michigan, where he was variously em- 



CLEARSPRING TOWNSHIP. 387 

ployed for eight years, drawing logs, etc., and two years was foreman on the 
roads there. He also furnished a number of army horses. Returning to this 
county, he farmed for five years at English Prairie, in partnership with a broth- 
er-in-law : then worked for Hawley Peck for some time at $26 per month. After 
his marriage w ith Melinda J. Nelson, November 8, 1866, he rented property a 
number of years, then bought eighty acres, that now is one of the standard farms 
of Clearspring Township. His wife died on the 10th of June, 1872 ; she left 
three children — Julia N., Delia S. and Joseph T. The present Mrs. Ulmer has 
two children — Maynard C. and Carl L. She was married to Mr. Ulmer March 
6, 1873, and is an intelligent and accomplished lady, having been a school 
teacher for fourteen years, and has also taught music. Her father, Stephen 
Cowley, blacksmith and farmer, is yet living in this county. Her mother, 
Catharine Cowley, died in this county, where they came, in 1840, from New 
York, where their daughter, now Mary Ulmer, was born. 

HENRY J. ULMER, son of George T. and Julia A. Ulmer, was born in 
Summit County, Ohio, December 31, 1829. His parents came to Indiana in 
November, 1836, and located on eighty acres of Government land in Allen 
Township. George Ulmer planted the first orchard and built the first house in 
Allen Township He is a native of Maine, and is now living in Kansas at 
the age of seventy-four or seventy-five. His wife, who was a native of Con- 
necticut, died in this county. Henry Ulmer lived on his father's farm until 
twenty-five years of age, when he was married to Miss Sarah W. Cowley, 
daughter of Stephen M. and Catharine Cowley, December 7, 1854. The en- 
suing year, Mr. Ulmer was engaged in running a saw-mill in this county, then 
removed to Pretty Prairie, lived on rented property one and a half years, then 
removed to Lima and resided about seven years. During four years of this . 
time Mr. Ulmer carried the mails from Lima to Albion once a week and devoted 
the remaining time to farming, and for eleven seasons ran a threshing machine 
with his father; he purchased eighty acres of property adjoining Lima. He 
next went to Ligonier, and worked in his father's grist-mill one and a half 
years, farmed two years, then, with his father and another partner, engaged in 
the mercantile business. In 1870, they were burned out, with considerable 
loss, and our subject then came to his present farm of eighty acres, where he 
has been quite successful. His wife, who was a native of New York and a 
member of the Free- Will Baptists, died in October, 1879. There are three 
children — George C, Kittie A. and Bertha. 

JOHN A. WEMPLE was born in New York August 14, 1818, and is a 
son of Abraham and Sophia Wemple, natives of New York, in which State 
they died. Abraham Wemple, in early life, followed carpentering, but subse- 
quently changed to farming, a portion of the work being alotted to his son, our 
subject, until he was married, July 31, 1840, to Miss Elizabeth Strang, a na- 
tive of New York, where her mother, Eleanor Strang, died Her father, John 
Strang, removed to this county, where he died in Perrj' Township. In 1856, 
after sixteen years of married life in New York, the subject and wife came to 
the Hoosier State, and located on eighty acres of their present farm, in this 
township. In 1857, Mr. Wemple returned to New Y'^ork, purchased some real 
estate, remained three years, then returned to this township and has remained, 
engaged and interested in clearing and improving his farm. They have had 
ten children — Abram H., living in Perry Township; Willard G., in this town- 
ship; Folly A., in Michigan; Evaline A., in this township; and Elias C, 
James and Elijah P.. at home. Those deceased are Mary E., Catharine S. 
and Arville. 



388 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 

JACOB AKER, the' son of Adam and Tena Aker, natives of Germany, 
was born in Germany July 21, 1835. His parents died in the place of their 
birth, and he came to America in 1850. In Ohio he attended school one 
winter and engaged in farm work, receiving from $d to $11 per month. This 
employment he continued four seasons, and December 17, 1855, was married 
to Miss Harriet Blasseus, in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. They subsequently 
immigrated to Pretty Prairie, in this county, where they lived six years, and 
bought seventy acres of land, next proceeding to this township, where Mr. 
Aker. after disposing of his previous purchase, bought eighty acres of his 
present property on English Prairie. Their farm now comprises 174 acres, 
with first-class buildings and improvements. They have had born to them five 
children — Adaline (deceased), ^lartha E., Mary E., Catharine and Tena. The 
last two are single and reside at home. Mary is a resident of Michigan and 
Martha lives with her parents. Mrs. Aker is the daughter of Valentine and 
Mary Blasseus. The former a native of Germany, died in this county, where 
the latter, a native of Pennsylvania, is yet living. 

PETER ALSPAUGlf was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, April 21, 
18-11, son of Philip and Mary A. Alspaugh. They removed from Pennsylvania, 
their native State, to Ohio, thence to Indiana in the fall of 1854, settling on a 
farm in Johnson Township, this county, where Philip Alspaugh died in August, 
1880. Mrs. Mary Alspaugh is yet living on the old homestead, at the age of 
seventy-six. Peter Alspaugh received a common education, and October 14, 
1861, enlisted in Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and 
participated in the battles of Fort Donelson, Pittsburg Landing, siege of Cor- 
inth, Perryville and Stone River. At the latter place he was wounded, Decem- 
ber 31, 1862, and received his discharge September 9, 1863. He was united 
in marriage, November 11, 1866, to Miss Martha J. Swihart, a native of Ohio, 
and the daughter of Daniel and Sarah Swihart, who reside in this township. 
In 1868, Mr. Alspaugh bought eighty acres of his present improved farm of 
150 acres, having previously lived on a rented farm on Pretty Prairie. Mrs. 
Alspaugh departed this life February 2, 1881, at the age of thirty-five years. 
She was a member of the M. E. Church and left two children — Luella and 
Lyoll. Mr. Alspaugh belongs to the Methodist Church, and is a good farmer 
and public-spirited citizen. 

ELIJAH ANDERSON emigrated to Indiana from Marion County, 
Ohio, with his parents, John and Mary Anderson, in 1829 ; they located in 
this county on land now owned by the subject. He was born in Ohio October 
10, 1817, and married, July 4, 1854, in this county, to Miss Nancy Martin, 
and has since been a resident of this township. He has accumulated 580 acres 
of land, all in this township, excepting eiglity-seven acres. His farm of 240 
acres on Pretty Prairie ranks among the best in the county. Wheat forms the 
staple product, the crop for 1880 amounting to 3,800 bushels. He also raises 
stock to some extent. Mr. Anderson, by perseverance and industry, has 
acquired his present property, and is a reliable and prominent citizen. In 
1877, their fine brick residence was erected, and the other farm buildings are 
verv irood. Mrs. Anderson is a member of the M. E. Church, a native of New 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 389 

Jersey, and the daughter of Daniel and Maria Martin ; they were natives of 
New Jersey, and came to Indiana from Ohio, locating in Johnson Township, 
La Grange County, where they died. Eight children have been born to Mr. 
and Mrs. Anderson, John and Alonzo (deceased), Charlotte (married and lives 
in this township) Orville, Charles and Daniel (twins), Harlow, and Jennie 
{deceased). 

WILLIAM ANDERSON is a native of Ohio, and son of John and 
Mary Anderson, who removed to Indiana August 16, 1829. After spending 
one winter in Michigan, they removed to this county and settled on Pretty 
Prairie, where they died ; both were natives of Pennsylvania. William Ander- 
son was born April 10, 1815, and resided with his parents until his father's 
death. He farmed on shares and owned a half-interest in 100 acres in this 
township, besides 250 acres in Steuben County. After he was married, June 
2, 1843, to Miss Elizabeth Selby. he bought forty acres of land in this town- 
ship, where he settled, subsequently purchasing his present farm of 120 acres, 
that is well improved and supplied with every convenience. Mr. Anderson 
owns 593 acres of land, all in this township, except ninety of timber land that lies 
in Bloomfield Township, and besides their frame residence, has on his farm two 
tenant houses, four barns, etc. Mrs. Anderson is a native of Ohio, as were also 
her parents Samuel and Rebecca Selby ; they came to this township and located 
in 1840. Mr. Selby died at Lima, and Mrs. Selby is yet living in Gilead, 
Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have eight ciiildren — Eliza, Amos, Jane, 
Amanda, Rebecca, Albert, Alonzo and Clara, all of whom are married but two 
— Albert and Clara. 

WILLIAM ANDERSON- is a native of Ohio, and the son of George 
and Louisa Anderson. He was born January 10, 1852, reared, educated and 
married in Ohio, and his parents are yet living in that State. His father is a 
native of Pennsylvania, and his mother of Ohio. Mrs. William Anderson, 
formerly Miss Maggie Glass, is the daughter of John and Catharine Glass ; the 
former is a resident of Ohio, where his wife's death occurred. The subject 
learned carpentering in his youth, and has followed it to some extent since 
engaging in agricultural pursuits. They first located in Steuben County, Ind. ; 
subsequently taking up their abode in this county, where their home is now 
situated on a farm in this township. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have buried 
their only child — Ella G. 

GEORGE H. ARVER is the son of Richard and Olive J. Arver, who 
came to Indiana in 1860, locating in this township. Both were natives of New 
York State, in which State George H. was born in Broome County, October 17, 
1850. Mrs. Arver died in Michigan, of which State Richard Arver is yet a 
resident. George Arver's early life was passed in the States of New York, 
Indiana and Iowa, his education being principally attained in the latter. Until 
the age of eighteen, he remained under the parental roof, and spent six years 
engaged in salary work. December 20, 1875, the event of his marriage to 
Miss Mary L. Berridge took place in Burr Oak, Mich. They settled in this 
county, and after one year's experience in farming in Springfield tliey removed 
to this township, where Mr. Arver leased a farm for a period of four years, and 
at the expiration of that time was sufficiently able to purchase forty-five acres 
of land, which they have occupied since. It is under good cultivation, and has 
the necessary farm buildings. Mrs. Arver was born in Indiana, and her father, 
Charles Berridge, was an Englishman. A son, Frank, is the only child of 
Mr. and Mrs. Arver. 



31)0 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

SAMUEL BROWN was a native -of Westchester, N. Y., wliere his 
parents, Samuel and Susan Brown, died. They were farmers and natives of 
New York. Samuel Brown was reared in the place of his birth, and when not 
in school aidcil his parents. December 81, 1804, he was married to Miss 
Sarah KnifKn, in Westchester, where they lived about eleven years with Mr. 
Brown's parents; then removed to Cayuga County, N. Y^., thence to Richland 
County, Ohio, coming to Indiana and locating, in 1833, on the farm in this town- 
ship, where they died. Mrs. Brown and her parents, Benjamin and Charity 
KtiifEn, were natives of New York ; the former died in Cayuga County, N.Y., 
and the hitter at Grand Rapids, Mich. Mr. Brown, before his death, had ac- 
cumulated 720 acres of land that lies near the center of English Prairie. He 
was a member of the Presbyterian and his wife of the Methodist Church, and 
they were parents of seven children, viz.: Lama, who is married and resides 
in Iowa ; Sarah A. Nathan, deceased ; Loretta ; Caroline ; Susan, married and 
a resident of this township, and Maria L., deceased; the three sisters, Sarah, 
Loretta and Caroline, are single, and live together on the home farm, 180 acres 
of which, since the death of their parents, they have successfully managed up 
to the present time. 

HENRY R. CRANDELL, deceased, the son of Ivory and Hopey Crandell, 
was born in the State of New York May 31, 1821. His father was a native of 
Rhode Island ; he came to Indiana and located in the township where Mrs. 
Hopey Crandell died, September 12, 1847 ; Ivory Crandell died in Steuben 
County, Ind. The subject passed his youth in Washington County, N. Y., 
with his grandparents, and there received a common education and taught his 
first term of school. At the age of twenty-two, he came to Indiana, taught 
school and clerked, and in 1849 opened a store at Lexington, in this township, 
consisting of general merchandise. He was married in Johnson Township, this 
county, October 12, 1847, to Jeanette P. Wildman, a native of Litchfield 
County, Conn., and the daughter of Levi and Sally Wildman, the former a 
native of Connecticut and the latter of Massachusetts; both died in La Grange 
County. Mr. Crandell served as Trustee and Clerk of Greenfield Township 
about ten years, and as Postmaster until his death, January 8, 1870 ; since then 
the olfice and store — which are connected — have been under the eflBcient man- 
agement of Mrs. Crandell and her son. She is a member of the Methodist 
Church, and by Mr. Crandell had only two children--Sarah H. and Edwin L. 
H., the former of whom is married. 

DANIEL DAGE was reared in Ohio, where he was born April 14, 
18.50, in Wayne County, and received a common education while assisting his 
parents on the farm. He came to this county and was married at La Grange, 
April 19, 1878, to Miss Catliarine Libey, a native of W^illiams County, Ohio; 
her parents, John L. and Catharine Libey, natives of Pennsylvania, have lived 
in this county since first locating here in 1856. Mr. Dage, after marrying, 
went to Salem, Steuben County, Ind., where they rented property two years ; 
then, in March, 1880, purchased and settled on his farm of 120 acres in this 
township. Mr. Dage is the son of Levi and Harriet Dage, the former a native 
of Wayne County, Ohio, and the latter of Somerset County, Penn. They re- 
moved in March, 18()9, to Branch Cnunty, Mich., where Mi-s. Hnrriet Dage 
died. Mr. Levi Dage is residing in Constantine, Mich. The subject has his 
farm in good condition and it is well cultivated. His family consists of two 
children — Wilma and Alice A. 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 391 

AV^ILLIAM EAGLE was reared to farm work, and is, therefore, an ex- 
perienced and practical farmer. He owns ninety acres of land in this town- 
ship that is woll-improved, with good buildings, etc. Mr. Eagle's parents, 
William and Rebecca Eagle, were natives of England. They came to America 
and were residents of Pennsylvania for some time, in which State the subject 
was born, December 2, 1828. They subsequently journeyed westward and 
died in Ashland County, Ohio. William Eagle's advantages were few, and he 
came to Indiana when a boy of fifteen. His marriage with Miss Mary J.Wol- 
gamott took place in this township, December 14, 184:8. Two children are 
the result of this union — James D. and Annetta. Mrs. Eagle was born in 
Marion County, Ohio. Her parents, Isaac and Sarah Wolgamott, natives of 
Ohio and Delaware, both died in this township, to which they immigrated in 
1829. Mr. Eagle is a member of Masonic Lodge No. 215, at Lima. 

CHRISTOPHER FAIR was reared in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, where 
he was married in 1864, February 16, to Miss Amanda Baker. He was boi'n 
February 12, 1842, in Holmes County, Ohio, and received a common educa- 
tion, while assisting on the home farm. He began for himself at the age of 
twenty, and worked two years for $10.50 per month. Soon after marrying, he 
came to this county and lived one and a half years on a rented farm in this 
township. Then with the pecuniary aid of his mother, Rachel Fair, he was 
enabled to purchase 282 acres of land, where they now reside. The farm has 
been divided between them, Mr. Fair owning the portion where the buildings 
stand. Mr. Fair's parents were natives of Pennsylvania; his father, Christo- 
pher Fair, died in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. Mrs. Fair's parents, Absalom 
and Mary Baker, were also natives of the Keystone State ; her mother died 
in Stark County, Ohio, and her father is a resident of this county. There are 
eight children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Fair, viz.: Sherman, Doras, 
Henry, Viola, Benjamin, Hattie, Oliver and Ella. 

JOSEPH FENNELL, son of Enoch and Amy Fennell, was born in En- 
gland November 25, 1827. His mother died there, and his father, after cross- 
ing the ocean five times, died in this township. Joseph Fennell came to Amer- 
ica in 1845, and was married in Michigan, March 12, 1860, to Miss Rosalie 
Moore, daughter of Tobias and Cynthia Moore. She was born in Ohio and 
died about a year after her marriage. Mr. Fennell has a farm of 301 acres in 
this township, accumulated by hard work and economy. He has always fol- 
lowed farming, and lived in Michigan for a limited period of time. Mrs. Sarah 
A. Fennell is a native of Ohio, and Mr. Fennell's second wife ; they were mar- 
ried in Michigan June 29, 1862. Jacob and Elizabeth Miller, her parents, 
died in Ohio. They have six children — Roseann, William H., Joseph A., 
George W., Emery and Charles. 

CYRUS FILLMORE was born in Lock Township, Cayuga County, N. Y. 
His parents, Nathaniel and Phoebe Fillmore were natives of Bennington, Vt., 
and both died at Aurora, Erie Co., N. Y.; had liis father lived but a few days 
longer he would have reached the age of ninety-two. Cyrus Fillmore was mar- 
ried in Holland, Erie Co., N. Y., to Miss Laura Morey, on the 19th of May, 
1825. They resided in Erie County five or six years, then removed to Fre- 
mont, on the Sandusky River, entered 160 acres of land, and to reach the same 
were obliged to cut four miles of road. After he had cleared twenty-five acres, 
built three cabins and a log barn, he sold out and came to Indiana in 1837. 
For about seven years they lived on rented property in this county, purchasing 
280 acres of his farm in this township in 1843. Mr. Fillmore now owns 311 



392 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

acres, and makes a specialty of raising grain, having in one year raised 2,000' 
bushels of wheat ; also raises considerable stock. He has held the offices of 
Township Clerk and Trustee, the former a period of three years, and the latter, 
twelve. Himself and wife are members of the Disciples' Church, and he is "a 
Spiritualist. They have four children — Benjamin F., Almon L., Helen M. and 
Millard C. Mrs. Fillmore is a native of Otsego County, Milford Township, 
N. Y. Her father, Matthew Morey, was born in Connecticut, and her mother, 
Sally Morey, in Massachusetts. 

PETER GARLETS was born December 15, 1820, in Pennsylvania, the 
son of Jacob and Elizabeth Garlets, natives of Pennsylvania. His father died 
in his native State, and his mother in Indiana. Peter Garlets lived in his na- 
tive State until the age of twenty-three, and learned carpentering there. He 
was married in Ohio, January 29, 1846, to Miss Maria Fair ; she and her 
mother, Rachel Fair, were natives of Pennsylvania, and her father, John Fair, 
of Ireland; they came to Indiana in 1876, and he died in this county. Mrs. 
Fair survives him. Mr. Garlets, in 1863, sold his farm of eighty acres in Ohio 
and purchased 160 acres of his present farm in this township, which he has 
greatly improved, furnishing it with numerous fine buildings, wind mill, etc. 
Mr. Garlets subsequently purchased 165 acres in Springfield Township, and is 
a thorough farmer. They have four children, John, Jacob, Mary A. and Dan- 
iel, all married e.xcept Jacob, who resides at home; John and Mary live in 
Springfield, and Daniel in this township. 

AARON GILHAMS is a native of Chester County, Penn., born March 
11, 1825. His parents, Aaron and Sarah Gilhams, were natives of the same 
State, and residents of Sturgis, Mich., at the time of their death. Aaron Gil- 
hams lived in Sturgis from the age of ten to twenty-one. In 1850, he went to 
California, and three years worked in the gold mines there, clearing $10<t per 
month. His companion from Sturgis, Elder Day, was killed by the Indians. 
In 1853, having returned, he bought 120 acres of his present farm of 240 
acres. He is a thorough farmer, and has cultivated 120 rods of hedge fence. 
Mr. Gilhams was first married at Burr Oak, Mich., in November, 185S, to ^lary 
Smiley, a native of Ohio ; her parents also were natives of Ohio. Her father, 
George Smiley, died in Steuben County, Ind., and her mother, Catharine 
Smiley, at Indianapolis. The present Mrs. Gilhams was Sevilla Keim, and 
was married to the subject, March 8, 1876. She was born in Ohio, and came 
with her parents, Elias and Mary Keim, to this township, where they are yet 
residents. Mr. Gilhams has two sons — Clarence and Herbert — both engaged in 
school-teaching. 

SANFORD HALSEY is the owner of considerable land in Michigan, and 
a fine large farm in this township, on which is a huckleberry marsh that yields a 
profit of ^100 annually. Mr. Halsey raises considerable live stock, and in 1880 
raised 1,219 bushels of wheat. Mr. and Mrs. Halsey are members of the 
Presbyterian Church, and have three children — James A., Alexander and 
William S. They were married in Lima, this county, and lived in that town- 
ship, a short time previous to going to Fawn River, Mich., where Mr. Halsey 
owned 196 acres of land ; he finally has established a permanent home in this 
township. Sylvanus and Sabrina Halsey, subject's parents, came to this 
county in June, 1836; they were natives of Long Island and New York. San- 
ford Halsey was born in Franklin, Delaware Co., N. Y., and was thirteen years 
old when his parents came to Lima Township. His wife is a native of Stam- 
ford, N. Y., and was Catherine Hume, the daughter of Robert and Catherine 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 393 

Hume. Her father was a Scotchman, and her mother was born in Delaware 
County, N. Y. 

HARLOW J. HERN is a native of this county, and was born in Bloomfield 
Township, in 1839, December 22. His parents, William and Sarah Hern, 
came to Indiana from New York, their native State, in 1837 ; lived in Bloom- 
field Township, then moved to this township, where he died ; she still survives, 
and is living in Sturgis, Mich. Mr. Hern owns a good farm in this township, 
and raises fine cattle and thoroughbred horses. He has served three years as 
Township Trustee, owns a fine brick residence, and has been married twice. 
His first wife, Martha, was the daughter of James and Naoma Mix, and a native 
of Ohio, where she was married. His second and present wife was Miss Mary 
A. Mohler, the daughter of William and Esther Mohler ; they were married 
September 28, 1881, at Burr Oak, Mich. Her parents, natives of Pennsyl- 
vania and Ohio, respectively, have lived in Indiana fifteen years. Mr. Hern is 
the father of five children — Willis, Charles, Harlow, Mary and Arthur ; two, 
Charles and Arthur, are deceased. 

FLEMING HOPKINS, son of Richard and Jane Hopkins, is a native of 
Clark County, Ohio, born March 21, 1817. When a boy of fourteen, he went 
to Sturgis, Mich. He visited this county for the purpose of assisting his 
brother in improving 160 acres of prairie land they had previously purchased. 
After returning to Michigan, Fleming Hopkins bought a farm of 248 acres in 
Burr Oak Township ; married Mrs. Mary Ewing June 28, 1848, at Bronson ; 
resided there one year, then removed to this township in March, 1849 ; 100 
acres of his farm were improved, and he has since improved as many more ; has 
in all 320 acres, and 200 rods of hedge fence. Mr. and Mrs. Hopkins have 
had four children — Margaret J., Hannah A., Richard J. and Mary (deceased). 
Subject's parents came to Whitley County, Ind., in 1846, where his mother 
died in 1857 ; she was a native of Pennsylvania. His father, who was born in 
Kentucky, subsequently moved to Michigan, lived there six years, then in 
Whitley County two years, then on subject's farm, where he died. The parents 
of Mrs. Hopkins were Amos and Fereba Barr, of Delaware. They came to this 
township and located in 1830 ; both died here ; he, on the 10th of May, 1838, 
and she March 9, 1864. Mrs. Hopkins was born in Franklin County, Ohio. 

ALEXANDER S. KEIM was born in Fayette County, Penn., February 
23, 1828. His parents, Solomon and Elizabeth Keim, natives of Somerset 
County, Penn., removed to Ohio in October, 1832, where they died. Alexan- 
der Keim, when he had attained the age of twenty-one, followed droving sum- 
mers, and school teaching winters. He drove stock from Holmes County, Ohio, 
to Eastern Pennsylvania and Maryland, continuing thus employed until 1860. 
February 20, 1853, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Sommers, in 
Holmes County, Ohio, and eight years subsequently, moved to Owen County, 
Ind., where her parents, Jacob and Martha Sommers, died. They were natives 
of Pennsylvania, and came to this State in 1853. Mr. Keim purchased a farm 
of 260 acres in Owen County, and they resided there until 1865, when they 
removed to this township on a farm of 160 acres. Mr. Keim, in Ohio, served 
six years as Justice of the Peace, and as Clerk of the township for the same 
length of time. In April, 1880, he was chosen Trustee of Greenfield Township, 
to serve two years. Mr. and Mrs. Keim belong to the Dunkard Church, and 
are the parents of thirteen children, viz., Barbara E., Alice J. and John C. 
(deceased), Mary E., Martha A. (deceased), Eliza, Alexander H., Clara, Olive 
B., Charles E., Joseph W., Susan L. and Sarah. 



394 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

ROBERT B. KELLETT came to America in 1848, with his parents, 
Charles and Margaret Kellett, from Ireland, where he was born March 14, 1845. 
The family settled in Brooklyn, N. Y., and Mr. Kellett, Sr., was engaged in 
clerking for a wholesale house until his death, which occurred April 5, 1853. 
Three weeks afterward, the bereaved family came to this township where an 
uncle of the subject had preceded them, and where Mrs. Kellett is yet living at 
the age of sixty-four. Robert Kellett was married on the 18th of January, 1870, 
to Miss .Jane Kelso, a native of this township. They have three children — 
Kate M., Charles R. and Grace. Her parents were Matthew and Martha Kelso, 
the former a native of Xew York State, the latter of England. They died in 
this township, where they came at an early day. Mr. Kellett is a member of the 
Masonic Star Lodge, No. 225, at Orland, and also of the Angola Chapter. His 
farm consists of 200 acres of land that is especially adapted to the production 
of grain ; he first purchased seventy acres, but subsequently increased it to its 
present size ; he raises stock, also, to some extent. 

JOHN W. KNIGHT was married in Whitley County, Ind., to Miss Mar- 
tha J. Collins in February, 1842. They settled in that county on eighty acres 
of unimproved land, and Mr. Knight improved half of this land ; then sold and 
removed to Kalamazoo County, Mich.; purchased a farm of 120 acres and lived 
there six years; again sold and invested in 160 acres in Barry County, Mich. 
Here their home was located four yeai-s ; then removed to this county on 110 
acres of land in Pretty Prairie, residing there five or six years previous to lo- 
cating in this township, where he owns a farm of 140 acres, well cultivated and 
replete with the usual number of buildings. In Whitley County, Mr. Knight 
filled the ofiice of Justice of the Peace five years ; he belongs to the Masonic 
Lodge, No. 225, of Orland, and is the son of Henry and Mary Knight, of Mary- 
land ; the former, after the death of his wife in Ohio, emigrated to Indiana, where 
he died. The subject was born September 18, 1818, in Ohio, and lived there 
until the age of sixteen, going to school and assisting his parents. Mrs. Knight 
is a native of Wayne County, Ind., and the daughter of John and Jane Collins, 
who were pioneers of Indiana, and who died in Whitley County. Mr. and Mrs. 
Knight have had five children, viz., Eliza and Melvina (deceased), Byron, My- 
ron (a resident of California), and William (of Iowa). Mrs. Knight is a mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church. 

JAMES LARIMER (deceased) died in this township on the 19th of May, 
1878, leaving a wife and three children. He was born in 1830, March 11, in 
Fairfield County, Ohio, and was the son of Ebenezer and Diana Larimer ; his 
father came over to this county from Ireland and married a Virginia lady, who 
survives him at the age eighty-two or eighty-three, and is a resident of Fairfield 
County, Ohio, where Ebenezer Larimer died. The home of James Larimer 
was in Ohio with his parents until after he was married, December 23, 1855, to 
Miss Nancy Shearlock in Perry County, Ohio. Prior to removing to Indiana, 
they lived in Ohio on forty acres of improved land, owned by the subject. Upon 
coming to this township, he invested in 300 acres of land, which, at the time of 
his death, was well improved in every respect, and here his widow with her two 
sons, James S. and John C, continue to reside, the daughter. Flora J., having 
married and removed to Orland. Mr. Larimer was a member of the Masonic 
Lodge, No. 225, at Orland, and was a Presbyterian, having united with that 
church in 1857, in Ohio, and is mourned by many friends. Mrs. Larimer is a 
native of the county, in which she was married, and the daughter of James and 
Elizabeth Shearlock ; she has been a member of the Presbyterian Church since 
1849 ; her father was born in Pennsylvania, and her mother in Ohio. 



r.REENFIELD TOWNSHir. 395 

AARON MARTIN is a native of New Jersey, and the son of Daniel 
and Maria Martin. He was born January 10, 1827, and the first thirteen 
years of his life were passed in his native State, and the following five in Oliio; 
then, in 1845, came with his parents to this county, and here they have found 
a last resting-place. Aaron Martin, at the age of eighteen, began working 
for himself, receiving from $10 to $12 monthly compensation. November 3, 
1861, he was married to Mrs. Elizabeth Montgomery, and having previously 
purchased a farm of 120 acres, immediately located thereon and began the work 
of improving and repairing. Mr. Martin subsequently purchased 80 acres 
adjoining, to where they removed, until the erection of a fine frame residence 
on the site of first location, where they are now comfortably domiciled. They 
had six children — Judson B., Frank G., Nellie, Grace and Harry A., twins, 
the latter deceased, and Fred P. John A. Montgomery, deceased, was the son 
of Mrs. Martin by her first husband. Her parents were Josepli and Eliza 
Reynolds, the former a native of England, and the latter of Pennsylvania. 
Mr. Martin is a good farmer, and raises Durham cattle, and a medium grade 
of sheep. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist Church. 

CHRISTIAN K. MAST, son of Christian and Susanna (Kurtz) Mast, 
was born in Lancaster County, Penn., in March, 1822. His parents were na- 
tives of Pennsylvania, and both died in Ohio ; his father was a local preacher. 
The education of Christian K. Mast was acquired at a district school in Ohio, 
while living with his parents on a farm. He was married in Wayne County 
to Miss Rebecca Hartzler, and settled in Holmes County, Ohio, where he 
owned and improved 160 acres of land. In November, 1864, they emigrated 
to Indiana, and Mr. Mast bought 2-33 acres of land in this township ; subse- 
quently added 100 acres. Here, until his death, he was engaged in farming, 
raising live stock, and threshing, to some extent. In 1871, his wheat crop 
averaged twenty-eight bushels to the acre, making a total of 1,650 bushels. 
Mr. Mast was a member of the Ornish Mennonite Church, and was respected 
by all. Mrs. Mast is the daughter of John and Sarah (Zook) Hartzler, who 
moved from Pennsylvania, their native State, to Wayne County, Ohio, where 
they died. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Mast — Lydia, deceased ; 
Susanna, a resident of Elkhart, Ind. ; David, deceased ; Isaac, Levi, Jacob, 
Daniel and Amos. The two latter are single, and reside at home ; Isaac, Levi 
and Jacob are married, and residents of this township. 

JOHN U. McMAIIAN, deceased, was the son of John U. McMahan, of 
Scotch descent. His fiither's birth occurred October 17, 1790, and his mother, 
whose maiden name was Beck, was born November 30, 1796 ; they were mar- 
rsed in 1818, and in 1831 removed from Pennsylvania to Ohio, where they re- 
sided three years, at Mansfield, traveling West, thence to Fremont, Steuben 
Co., Ind. The subject was born in Harrisburg, Penn., December 6, 1821, and 
his boyhood days passed principally in Steuben County, Ind. His opportuni- 
ties for acquiring an education were limited, and before he was of age was in 
the employ of one Samuel Burnside, about two years. After attaining his ma- 
jority, he worked one year for his father, but never received the stipulated com- 
pensation. He was unfortunate in purchasing land from Mr. Burnside, for 
whom he afterward worked, being obliged to give double the price agreed upon. 
Through perseverance and industry he had accumulated and improved 424 acres 
of land before his death, which occurred February 9, 1879. He was married 
November 21, 1853, on English Prairie, to Miss Emeline Francis, a native of 
this county, and the daughter of Isaac and Prudencia Francis. She died 



396 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; 

April 28. 1874. To their union seven chiklren were born — Leona, Will- 
iam, Emma and Julia have all died; Raymond P., Lucy J. and Frank are liv- 
ing together on the old homestead in this township. 

JAMES MILLER was born and married in New York, the former event 
transpiring on the 13th of April, 1817, and the latter on the 4th of July, 
1844. From the age of thirteen to twenty, he lived with an uncle, then re- 
turned to the home of his parents. Thomas and Sarah Miller, who died in New 
York, and were natives respectively of that State and Pennsylvania. In the 
fall of 1850, he came to this county, and lived six years in Lima Township, 
where he owned a farm of 160 acres ; then bought 160 acres in this township. 
This he has noticeably beautified, improved and increased to 316 acres. He 
has three miles of hedge fence that was raised from the seed. Mr. Miller lield 
the office of Trustee of his township five years. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are 
Presbyterians. She was Elizabeth Hutchinson, and was born in England. 
Her parents, Ralph and Jane Hutchinson, of England, both died in America, 
the former in Allen County, Ind., and the latter in New York. The children 
of Mr. and Mrs. Miller are William, Charles H., James H., Sarah J., Mary 
E. and George. 

TOBIAS MOORE is a native of Highland County, Ohio, his birth oc- 
curring July 9, 1819. Samuel and Phebe Moore, his parents, died in Van 
Wert County, Ohio ; the former was a native of Kentucky, and the latter of 
Pennsylvania. The subject was reared in Ohio, and remained there six years 
after his marriage to Miss Cynthia Rose, who was born in that State, and was 
the daughter of Cornelius Rose. Then removing to Indiana, he settled in this 
township, where he owns a farm of 85 acres, the soil of which is especially 
adapted to grain. Mr. Moore subsequently removed to Ohio, and in Mercer 
County, May 12, 1875, his second marriage was. consummated, his bride. 
Catherine Rhodes, being the daughter of Jacob and Mary A. Rhodes, and na- 
tives of Pennsylvania. They have since lived in this township, and have an 
only son, Jacob. Mr. and Mrs. Moore are members of the Wesleyan Metho- 
dist Church. Her parents removed from their native State, Pennsylvania, to 
Mercer County, Ohio, where her father died and her mother yet resides, at the 
age of sixty-six. The subject has been a church member since 1840. 

GEORGE W. NEIHARDT is a native of Ohio, and son of Jacob and 
Anna M. Neihardt, natives of Pennsylvania ; the former died in Williams 
County, Ohio, where Mrs. Neihardt yet lives at the advanced age of seventy- 
five years. The subject went to a district school until the age of fifteen, when 
he entered the Academy at Williams' Center ; he afterward taught three terms 
of school, subsequently went to Orland, Steuben Co., Ind., where he at- 
tended school two and a half years ; then went to Ann Arbor University, where 
he graduated. He was born October 29, 1835, and married October 27, 1861, 
in this township, to Miss Mary McGowan, daughter of Samuel and Susanna 
McGowan. They resided at West Unity, Ohio, where Mr. Neihardt taught 
school two years, and next removed to this township, where they farmed one 
year, then went to Orland, where Mr. Neihardt was Principal of the Seminary 
from 1864 to 1868, and has taught school since permanently locating in this 
township on his farm. He pays special attention to the culture of bees, but 
met with a severe loss in the winter of 1880-81; he has at present sixty 
stands of bees. Mr. and Mrs. Neihardt have five children, viz.. S. Emmett, 
Dora, G. W., Mabel and Jonas J. Mr. Neihardt is a member of the Star 
Lodge, 225, at Orland, and belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Church, while 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 397 

his wife is an adherent of the Baptist faith. Her parents, natives respectively 
of Maryland and Pennsylvania, came to Indiana in 1854, locating at Orland, 
where Mrs. McGowan died. Mr. McGowan died in this township. Mrs. Nei- 
hardt was born December 27, 1840, in Mahoning County, Ohio. 

SAMUEL PARHAM is a native of England, born June 25, 1816. In 
1830, he accompanied two brothers and sisters to America ; Samuel was the 
youngest of the five. They landed in New York in April, and purchased a 
farm in Jefferson County, N. Y., where they lived for several years ; then the 
subject and a brother went to Ohio, where they spent three years, mostly in 
Portage County, engaged in clearing land. In November, 1836, Samuel came 
to De Kalb County, Ind.. and entered 160 acres of land, which he afterward 
sold. April 7, 1841, Mr. Parham and Miss Nancy Selby were united in mar- 
riage in this township ; her parents were natives of Delaware ; her mother, 
Elizabeth Selby, died in Ohio, and her father, Charles W. Selby, at the home 
of his children in this township. Subject and wife settled on Pretty Prairie, 
where they rented a farm five years, then bought 120 acres of their present 
farm, removing to same in 1847. Mr. Parham owns 400 acres of land with 
good buildings ; was Township Assessor two years, and himself and wife belong 
to the Methodist Church. They have had eight children — George W., resides 
in Iowa; Julia, deceased; Jane, a resident of Michigan ; VV. J., of this town- 
ship ; Samuel M., of Michigan; James G., Charles A. and Ida. Mr. Par- 
ham's parents, James and Ann (Bristol) Parham, were English people; after 
emigrating to America, in 1836, resided twenty years in Jefferson County, 
N. Y., where they died. Mrs. Ann Parham was a member of the Methodist 
Church for sixty years. 

CHRISTIAN J. PLANK was born on the 13th of September, 1833. 
He was married in Adams County, Ind., to Miss Catharine Musser, January 
3, 1856, the contracting parties both being natives of Wayne County, Ohio. 
Her parents, Abraham and Catharine Musser, came to America from Ger- 
many, where they were born, and died in Adams County, Ind. Mr. Plank 
came to this township in November, 1859 ; then moved to Michigan, where he 
lived one year ; then returned to Elkhart County, Ind., where he farmed and 
ran a threshing machine four years. His farm in Pretty Prairie, this town- 
ship, consists of 155 acres of land. Mr. Plank, by his first wife, had nine 
children, viz., Amos F., Catharine A., Rebecca E., Susanna, Mary A., Daniel, 
Samuel, Lydia A. and Elizabeth, all living. He was married to his second 
wife, Fannie Morrell, in Noble County, Ind., February 2, 1873 ; they have 
one son — Harvey. Mrs. Plank is the daugiiter of David and Catharine Mor- 
rell, natives of Pennsylvania, and was born in Fairfield County, Ohio. Her 
mother is yet residing in Noble County, wiiere Mr. MorrelFs death occurred. 
Christian and Elizabeth Plank, parents of the subject and natives of Mifflia 
County, Penn., came to Indiana in 1872, and died in this township. 

GEORGE PRESTON was reared in Ohio, although born in Beaver 
County, Penn. His parents, James and Rachael Preston, were natives of New 
Jersey ; they moved to Ohio at an early day, where they died. George Pres- 
ton's birth occurred December 24, 1820, and at the age of eighteen learned 
wagon-making, and followed that industry about twelve years. January 18, 
1849, his marriage to Miss Sarah Wheeler, the daughter of Chauncey and 
Sarah Wheeler, was consummated. She was born in Connecticut, the native 
State of her parents, who died in this county. In Ohio, Mr. Preston owned 
six acres of land and an interest in a saw-mill. He came to this county in 



398 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

1850, and bought eighty acres in Bloomfield Township, which he farmed about 
twelve years, rented two years, then located in this township. Besides his 
farm of 120 acres, he owns eighty acres in Springfield Township. Mr. Pres- 
ton deals in live stock, and the staple products of his farm are wheat and corn ; 
he keeps from eight to ten horses, and has his farm well improved and in good 
repair. Mr. Preston lost his wife November 20, 1880, and yms married De- 
cember 17, 1881, to Miss Matilda Hungerford, in Coldwater, Mich. She was 
born in that State, and is the daughter of Matthew H. and Sarah M. Hunger- 
ford, who were born in New York and died in Michigan. Mr. Preston has 
had a family of six children, two of them — George A. and Chauncey — have 
died; those living are Joseph A., of Colorado; A. Judson, Sarah E. and 
Willie M. 

GEORGE W. PRICE is the son of Jonathan and Margaret Price, natives 
of Pennsylvania ; they both died in Coshocton County, Ohio, where George W. 
was born February 4, 1834. He was reared in his native State, and began 
blacksmithing there when sixteen years old, subsequently establishing himself 
in that business, at a town called Chili, in 1854. He was married October 1 
of that year to Miss Elizabeth Long, and, after residing twelve years in Ohio, 
came to this county, locating in Springfield Township on a farm of forty-five 
acres. This he sold after a short period, and went to Lima, where he was en- 
gaged seven months at his trade ; then came to Lexington, where he owns two 
lots and has the only blacksmith-shop in the village. A farm of sixty-seven 
acres that adjoins the town is also owned and managed by Mr. Price. George 
and Rebecca Long, the parents of Mrs. Price, were born in Pennsylvania and 
■died in Ohio. Of the former State Mrs. Price is a native ; she is a member of 
the Baptist Church, and has borne her husband seven children, viz.: Maria, 
Marietta, Susan, Lucy, William B., Sarah E. and Delia A. Mr. Price has 
served live years and six months as Trustee of his township. 

CASS'IUS A. SHATTUCK is the son of Levi and Polly Shattuck, and 
a native of Huntington, Vt. His father, a native of Massachusetts, died at 
Lexington, in this county, and his mother, a native of Connecticut, died in 
Vermont. In 1844, they located at Ontario in this county. Cassius Shattuck 
■was reared on a farm in Vermont, and for twelve years followed shoemaking, 
and afterward learned masonry, which he has been engaged in for about twenty 
years, and has built a number of fine brick residences in this township. 
He was married in this township, at Lexington, April 24, 1846, to Miss Jane 
Brown, a native of Canada. Her parents, William and Sarah Brown, came to 
this country from Ireland ; they died in Steuben County, Ind. For some 
time after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Shattuck resided in Lexington, then 
sold their property there, consisting of two lots, and began farming on 132 
acres of land in this township. They have had two children — Henry F., mar- 
ried and residing at Lexington, and George, deceased. Mr. Shattuck served 
two years as Township Assessor, and was elected to the olfice of Justice of the 
Peace, but resigned after three months' service. 

JAMES SMITH, at the age of thirteen, came to Indiana with his par- 
■ents, who located in Lima Township, where they died. Eighty acres of land 
(in Lima Township was the subject's first investment in real estate, and sub- 
■sequently he purchased another eighty acres adjoining, from his brother. He 
was married April 4, 1 849, to Miss Sarah Burnell, and they lived fourteen 
years in Lima Township, then came to their present home in this township in 
1863, where he owns a farm of 134J acres. Mr. Smith held the oflBce of 



GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 399 

County Commissioner for a period of eighteen years, and served one year as 
Township Assessor. He is the son of David and Elizabeth Smith, of Virginia, 
who came from Ohio (where the subject was born, in Clark County, June 16, 
1820) to Indiana in 1833. Mrs. Smith is English by birth; her mother, 
Eleanor Burnell, died in England ; her father came to Indiana in 1830, and 
died at Le.xington, Greenfield Township. Mr. Smith and wife are parents of 
ten children — Jewison W., a resident of this township ; David T., of Kansas ; 
Frank M., of Lima Township; Burnell S., of this township; James C, a col- 
lege student at Danville, and Tasso K., Clyde H., Nellie B., Maggie E. and 
Joseph, at home. 

JOSEPH STEAD was born in Yorkshire, England, December 21, 1830, 
and came to America in 1833 with his parents, William and Hannah Stead, 
natives also of England ; they settled at White Pigeon, Mich., subsequently 
removing to this township, where they died. Joseph Stead worked at home 
for his parents until he was mai-ried, December 23, 1852, to Miss J^ydia 
Alcott in this township, where they located on rented property. Six years 
afterward, Mr. Stead bought and settled on 40 acres of his present farm, that 
he subsequently increased to 160 acres. Mrs. Stead is the daughter of Samuel 
and Nancy Alcott, and a native of Marion County, Ohio. Her parents came 
to Indiana in 1836, locating in Jackson Township, Steuben County ; her father 
died in Springfield Township, this county, and her mother (who was seventy-five 
years old October 24, 1881) is living at the home of the subject. Three chil- 
dren have been born to Mr and Mrs. Stead, viz., Annie E. and George M. 
(deceased) ; Caroline B., at home. Mr. Stead has one of the best farms on 
English Prairie; he preserves as an heirloom an ancient brass clock, that, 
belonged to his grandfather, Stead; it is over 100 years old, about seven feet 
high and keeps perfect time. 

GEORGE M. STORM came to Indiana in 1836, with his parents 
George and Rothilda Storm, who settled in Goshen, Elkhart Co., Ind., where 
they both died ; the former was born in Massachusetts, and the latter in 
Connecticut. George M. spent his youth at Goshen and Lima, and learned 
harness-making, establishing a shop at the latter place in 1854. This employ- 
ment he continued about eight years, then turned his attention to farming; 
first purchasing 80 acres of land in this township, where he was located about 
six years, and since then has farmed on his present land — 117 acres — that is 
under good cultivation. Mr. Storm was married March 4, 1859, at Lima, to 
Miss Laura A. Webster. They have two children — Clarence W. and Allyn 
D. Mr. and Mrs. Storm are both natives of New York, his birth occurring 
October 31, 1831. Her parents, Edwin and Betsey Webster, of Massachusetts 
and New York, respectively, came to Indiana in 1854, and died at the home of 
the subject; the latter contemplates building: a large barn the ensuing season. 

CHARLES STROUD is a native of Sturgis, Mich., and was born on 
the 3d of November, 1849. He is the son of Thomas and Hannah Stroud, of 
England, who came to America and settled in Newark, N. J., from whence 
they proceeded to Sturgis, Mich., where Mr. Stroud, Sr., yet survives at the 
age of seventy-eight years; Mrs. Hannah Stroud died in this township. 
Charles Stroud received a limited education, and when twenty years old began 
his independent career in life. In this township he was married November 24, 
1872. and has since lived here. His wife, Selina Miller, is the daughter of 
Daniel and Elizabeth Miller, of Pennsylvania, early settlers of Indiana. Her 
mother died in this township, and her father is a resident of Sturgis, Mich. 



400 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Mr. Stroud owns 115 acres of excellent land, and takes just pride in the fine 
blooded stock raised on his farm. At this writing, he is feeding 200 head of 
sheep for the spring markets. Mr. and Mrs. Stroud have only one child, a 
daughter, Mary S. 



NEWBURY TOWNSHIP. 

WILLIAM ATWATER is a native of Wayne County, N. Y.. where his 
birth occurred the 18th of May, 1827. In the fall of 1856, he removed to 
Indiana, and for the first year was located at Lima, then purchased his present 
home of eighty acres in this township. When Mr. Atwater first came to this 
county he had only $5 ; he has worked diligently at clearing and improving his 
farm, and now is in comfortable circumstances. He was united in marriage to 
Miss Martha Craven, in February, 1854. She was born in England in 1831, 
and came to America with her parents, Martha and James Craven, in 1835. 
The subject is the son of Luther and Mehitable (Sheldoni Atwater, natives of 
Connecticut and New Jersey, respectively, and of Welsh and German descent. 
They were parents of fifteen children, two of whom settled in this county. Mr. 
and Mrs. Atwater belong to the Methodist denomination, and have a family of 
five children — Adella (now Mrs. Jacob Leopold), Clara B., Edgar D., Addie 
and Viola. 

AMOS BORNTRAGER is a native of Somerset County, Penn., where 
he was born November 20, 1826. He is one of thirteen children in the family 
of John Borntrager. Three of the subject's elder brothers having emigrated 
to Indiana, his father sold the homestead form in 1848, and removed to this 
township, where he died. Amos Borntrager, in 1849, November 17, was mar- 
ried to Miss Lydia Miller, a native of Pennsylvania ; her parents, Israel and 
Rosa A. Miller, were of German descent, and born in the State of Pennsylva- 
nia. Mr. Borntrager, in 1861, purchased his farm of 320 acres, and has him- 
self accomplished the task of clearing, improving and furnishing his land with 
buildings. It is one of the oldest and best farms in the township ; was entered 
by Joseph Keysey during Van Buren's administration. Mr. Borntrager is a 
leading resilient, and he and wife belong to the Omish Church. They have 
had twelve children : ten are living — Rosa A., Gertie, Isaac, Barbara, John, 
Benjamin, Elias, David, Lydia and Abner. 

JOSEPH BORNTRAGER is one of a family of thirteen children, nine 
of whom are living in this county. Their parents, John and Barbara (Johns) 
Borntrager, were of German descent, and natives of Pennsylvania, in which 
State Joseph was born in Somerset County August 4, 1811. He was married, 
March 20, 1832, to Miss Barbara Yoder, the daughter of Christian and Eliza- 
beth (Miller) Yoder, natives of Pennsylvania. They lived a number of years 
in Somerset County, where Mr. Borntrager bought a farm for $1,400. Janu- 
ary 3, 1841, he started for the West in company with two brothers — Christian . 
and Daniel, who were the first Ornish settlers in this section. Joseph went to 
Elkhart County, Ind., and located near Goshen, paying $500 for eighty acres 
of forest land. In 1852, he sold this, with another eighty he bought in 1843, 
for $3,300, and, in February, 1853, purchased 160 acres in this township, 
where he has since resided. Mr. and Mrs. Bontrager have had eleven children, 
seven of whom are living — Christian E., John E., Eli E. (who was the first 
Omish child born in the county), Joseph, Daniel E., Reuben E. and Magda- 



NEWBURY TOWNSHIP. 401 

lene. One son — David — at the age of eleven, was thrown from a horse and 
killed. Subject and family are strict members of the Omish Church. He has 
served several terms as School Director and Roadmaster, and has been chosen 
as administrator and guardian a number of times. He is living with his 
youngest son, Reuben E., who now owns and manages the homestead farm. 

JOHN BUTT is a native of Marion County, Ohio, where he was born 
February 7, 1826. His parents were Jacob and Mary (Mutchler) Butt, the 
former of Virginia, the latter of Pennsylvania, and both of German descent. 
They were early settlers of this county, coming here in July, 1836. The sub- 
ject was a resident of Van Buren Township until after his marriage. May 15, 
18.50, removing that year to this township, where he invested in seventy acres 
of land. After disposing of this property, he bought 100 acres of his present 
farm, which now consists of twice that number. Mr. Butt is an experienced 
thresher, having followed a machine nearly every fall since he was fifteen years, 
of age ; also working at breaking and farming. He has rendered twelve years' 
efficient service as Justice of the Peace, and also filled several minor offices. 
His wife, Mrs. Harriet L. Butt, is the daughter of Alexander and Nancy 
Pointer, and of eight children that were horn to them only three are living — 
Kansas E., Jane E. and Hattie L. 

HEZEKIAH DAVIS, the son of Amos and Susannah (Leib) Davis, was 
born in Fairfield County, Ohio, October 9, 1825. His parents were of Welsh 
and German descent and natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania. His father 
came to this township and entered land, in Section 19, in 1835. In 1854, 
Amos Davis purchased the Greenfield Mills, which he operated until his death, 
in 1867, at the age of seventy. While going to Brouson, Mich., he fell from 
a load of wheat and struck his head on the wheel, causing his death. His 
widow is living with her daughter Mary, at Millersburg, Ind., at the age of 
eighty-five. Hezekiah Davis helped his father to clear the farm and his edu- 
cation was very limited. Near the year 1840, when out with his father, they 
found fourteen bee-trees in half a day. At the age of twenty-three, he had 
accumulated $400, with which he purchased 160 acres of his present home. 
After keeping "bach" part of the time for three years, he was married, April 
10, 1851, to Miss Sarah Reynolds, a native of St. Joseph County, Mich., born 
November 15, 1832 Her father, Samuel Reynolds, located on Elkhart Prairie 
in 1829, spending the latter part of his life at Union Mills, where he died at 
the age of seventy-one. Mr. Davis is one of the old and influential men of the 
township. In 1852, he was elected County Commissioner and served eight 
years; then, after an interval of six years, was again elected to that office, 
holding it four terms in succession and giving general satisfaction. He is a 
Republican, formerly a Whig, is orthodox in religious belief, owns 1,400 acres 
of land and has $40,000 out at interest. Mr. and Mrs. Davis have had seven 
children — Emma F., Sam G., Eugene, Warren H., Niles R. (deceased), Lenora 
G. and Hewlitt. Mr. Davis has been a very industrious worker. He ran the 
first reaper, harvester, binder and feed-mill in the township, and during the 
earlv part of his life put in eighteen hours a day at work. 

"ESAIAS HOCHSTETLER is the son of Peter and Magdalena Hoch- 
stetler and a native of Somerset County, Penn. When he was twenty-one, he 
began for himself, and for two years worked at various employments. In 
December, 1841, he married Mary Blough, the daughter of John and Sarah 
Blough. Her birth occurred December 20, 1822, and her husband's March 
17, 1819. Both of their parents were natives of Pennsylvania, of German 



402 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

descent. The subject rented property about three years, and in 1844 removed 
with his family to this township, coming overland, in company with three 
neighbors. He located on the farm where he now lives, and by unceasing toil 
has brought it up to the standard. It consif;ts of 157 acres, for which he paid 
$100 down, going in debt for the rest. His first house was built of round logs, 
one story high, 16x18. This has been replaced by one of more modern struct- 
ure. Mr. Hochstetler has the confidence of all. He has been appointed a 
number of times as guardian and administrator in settling estates. To the 
subject and wife have been born six children, five of whom are living, viz. : 
Sarah, Lydia, Daniel, Elizabeth and Mary. 

JOSEPH KAUFFMAN, Sr., was born in Holmes County. Ohio, in July, 
1840. His parents — Stephen and Magdaline Kauffman — were natives of 
Pennsylvania and descendants of the Germans. At the age of sixteen, Joseph 
Kauffman started for himself, and was variously employed until 1864, when he 
rented a farm in Elkhart County, Ind., settling on his farm in this township 
the following year. It then consisted of eighty acres of forest land ; is now 
cleared and cultivated, and increased by an addition of sixty acres. October 
22, 1864, Mr. Kauffman's marriage to Miss Mary E. Cripe took place. Her 
birth occurred October 15, 1843, in Elkhart County, Ind. Her father was 
Benjamin C. Cripe, a native of Ohio and of German descent. They have five 
children — Harvy E.. Anna E., Barbara Ellen, Mary J. and Amasa B — and 
are members of the German Baptist Church, ilr. Kauifman went to Elkhart 
County, Ind., in 1845, with his parents, who died there, his father in Decem- 
ber. 1864, and his mother in March, 1855. Mr. Kauffman assisted in opening 
the roads in his section and is an industrious farmer. 

ELI KLINGERSMITH is the eldest of six children in the family of 
Peter and Sarah (Gard) Klingersmith. He was born September 3, 1818, in 
Tuscarawas County, Ohio, and at the age of twenty-one began working for 
himself. He learned the carpenter's trade and followed the same five years. 
Before settling in this county, in 1864, on his present farm of eighty acres, he 
invested in some real estate in Wabash County. Ind., which he afterward sold ; 
his land in this township he has cleared and converted into valuable property. 
In 1849, Mr. Klingersmith and Miss Anna Knepp were united in marriage, 
and to them have been born four children, viz., Daniel, Henry, George and 
Mary. Mrs. Klingersmith was born February 1. 1829, in Tuscarawas County, 
Ohio, and, in 1830, removed with her parents, John and Mary (Price) Knepp, 
to Holmes County, Ohio. Mr. Klingersmith is a good farmer and citizen ; 
himself and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Klingersmith's 
mother is yet living and resides with her children at the advanced age of 
eighty-one. 

PETER C. MISHLER, son of Peter and Susanna (Berkey) Mishler, was 
born in Holmes County, Ohio, October 7, 1827 ; his parents were descendants 
of the German, born in Pennsylvania, and had a family of seven children. 
Peter C, when twenty-one years old, began to work at the carpenter's trade, 
continuing the same about six years, after which he purchased a forest farm 
near Berlin, Ohio. In 1865, he emigrated to this township, settling on the 
farm where he now lives ; he owns 180 acres, is an enterprising and thrifty 
farm manager., and is serving his first term as Township Trustee. While in 
Ohio, he held the office of Township Assessor one term. January 14, 1855, 
he was married to Miss Mary Yoder, a native of Holmes County, Ohio. Seven 
children were born to them, but only three now survive — Edward, John and 



NEWBURY TOWNSHIP. 403 

David. Mrs. Mishler's parents, Stephen and Susan (Kime) Yoder, were na- 
tives of Pennsylvania. Her mother and Mr. Mishler's father both spent their 
last days at the home of the subject, in this township. Mr. and Mrs. Mishler 
belong to the Ornish Church. 

JAMES C. MURRAY, the son of Edward and Jane (McKibben) Mur- 
ray, is a native of Somerset County, Penn., born September 15, 1817. His 
parents were born in Ireland and emigrated to America in 1814. They resid- 
ed in Pennsylvania, where they first located, until about the year 1820, when they 
moved to Ohio, traveling west to Elkhai't County, Ind., in 1844, where their 
last days were passed. James Murray moved to Elkhart County in 1846, 
thence to this township in 1861, locating on the farm he now owns of 130 
acres. In 1842, he was married to Miss Mary A. Smith, who is a native of 
Somerset County, Penn., wiiere she was born, July 13, 1823. Mr. Murray 
has by his own efforts acquired his home and property ; he received but a lim- 
ited education in youth, is a man of energy and enterprise and active in poli- 
tics. The parents of Mrs. Murray were natives of Pennsylvania and of 
German descent. Of eleven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Murray five are 
living, viz., Silas C, David, John F., William E. and Emma. 

JOHN R. NELSON is descended from Irish and English ancestors, and 
came to this county in 1838 with his mother and brother. He was born in 
Wayne County.Ohio, in June, 1824, and when about thirteen years old, his father, 
James W. Nelson, died, leaving the family dependent upon their own resources. 
After their arrival here, his mother, Margaret Nelson, entered a tract of unim- 
proved land in Section 27, of this township, where they settled, cleared a farm 
and established a home. Mr. Nelson remembers distinctly of crossing the 
Black Swamp in 1838, and of the abundance and variety of game that filled 
the forests at that time. He first bought a farm of forty acres in Clay Town- 
ship, this county, and, in 1853, invested in his property of eighty acres, in 
this township. His wife's maiden name was Miss Mary Bollard; she was born 
in Crawfoi'd County, Ohio, April 3, 1836, and married to Mr. Nelson in 1854, 
May 30. They have four children living, viz., John F., Rosetta, Montaville 
and Truben, and have buried two. Mrs. Nelson's parents were Daniel and 
Elizabeth Bollard; the latter was born in Ohio and the former in Pennsylvania. 
He came to this township in 1848, is seventy-five years old and lives in Mid- 
dlebury. Mr. Nelson is much averse to secret societies and orders. 

JOHN E. POWELL is the son of Caleb and Sarah (Austin) Powell, 
and was born the 3d of June, 1833, in Knox County, Ohio. His ancestors 
were of Welsh and English descent. When a child of four years, he went with 
his parents to Sangamon County, 111., where he lived until after his father's 
death, which occurred about 1845. With his mother he returned to Ohio, 
emigrating after a brief period to this county. Clay Township, where he was 
located until 1861, when he purchased his present home. October 25, 1855, 
his marriage to Miss Mary E. Fox was solemnized. She was born in New 
York. December 19, 1837, and is the daughter of Charles J. Fox, a native of 
New York, who made a settlement in this county in 1838. where he lived until 
his death in 1852. Mr. and Mrs. Powell have had born to them seven chil- 
dren — Albert F., Charles E., Frankie (deceased), Eddie, Mary May, Clemen- 
tine and Satie J. Mr. Powell is a man of enterprise, and has served as Con- 
stable, and was also Trustee four years. 

HENRY PROUGH is the son of Samuel and Saloma (Confer) Prough, 
and one of eleven children, seven of whom are living. The parents were natives 



40-4 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

of Pennsylvania and early settlers of Hocking County, Ohio, where the subject 
was born August 23, 1839. In 1851, they came to this county, locating on a 
farm in Eden Township, where Mr. Prough, Sr., yet resides. February 14, 
18tJl, Henry Prough was married to Miss Lucinda J. Weygandt, who was born 
in Stark County, Ohio, April 9, 1842, and to their union five children have 
been born — Albert E., Celestia J., Ira D., William C., and Chauncey, deceased. 
Mrs. Prough is the daughter of Samuel and Mary (Gilbert) Weygandt, natives 
of Ohio, of German descent ; after her husband's death, Mrs. Weygandt re- 
moved with her family, in 1859, to Eden Township, this county, where she 
lived the remainder of her life. Mr. Prough and family are members of the 
Lutheran Church. He purchased his farm in 1863, previous to which time he 
had fiirmed for his father on shares. In 1864, he was drafted in the army and 
paiil $1,000 for a substitute. In 1867, he removed to his present location ; 
owns 195| acres of land, and is worth about $11,700, iiaving started with $3 
and a horse. 

VALENTINE L. SCHROCK is one of nine children in the family of 
Christian and Leah (Lehman) Schrock, both of whom were natives of Somerset 
County, Penn., the former's birth occurring January 1, 1817, and the latter's in 
March, 1825. Valentine Schrock is of the same nativity as his parents, and 
was born January 20, 1845. , He received an ordinary education and remained 
on liis father's farm until he attained the age of twenty-one. In 1866, he went 
to Johnson County, Iowa, where he gave his attention to carpentering and 
farming, until 1867, when he engaged in the saw-mill business in Elkhart 
County, Ind. In 1873, he located on a farm in Van Buren Township, this 
county, and three years later bought a saw-mill in this township, wliich lie has 
since successfully operated. May 9, 1869, Mr. Schrock was united in mar- 
riage to Mary Troyer, a native of Holmes County, Ohio, where her birth oc- 
curred Marcli 5, 1851. Her father, Levi Troyer, was born in Holmes County 
Ohio, December 25, 1816. Her motlier was Ann (Mishler) Troyer, of the same 
nativity. Mr. and Mrs. Schrock are members of the <)mish Church and the 
parents of five children — Anna A., Aaron H., Andrew J., Adeline S. and 
Alice L. Mr. Schrock is a Democrat and an esteemed citizen. 

DAVID SHROCK is a native of Somerset County, Penn., and the son 
of John and Barbara (Yoder) Shrock, the former of whom was born in Germany 
in 1766, and the latter, a native of Pennsylvania. They removed to Cambria 
County, Penn., when David was four years old, and the latter remained there 
until 1846, when he settled in this township, on the farm of 240 acres where 
he now lives. When twenty-two years of age, his father gave him $350 ; by 
industry and judicious management, he has acquired property worth $27,000 
or more, owning 520 acres of land besides his farm. Mr. Shrock served a 
number of years as School Trustee, and has been chosen administrator ; he ia a 
Republican, and in 1831, April 3, was married to Maria Borntrager; she was 
born in Somerset County, Penn., November 14, 1808, and his birth occurred 
December 26, 1808. Her parents, John and Barbara (Johns) Borntrager, 
were natives of Pennsylvania, of German descent. Mr. and Mrs. Shrock are 
members of the old-school Ornish Cliurch, and have reared a child — John H. 
Whetstone, whom they took at the age of two years ; to him Mr. Shrock has 
willed the homestead farm. Subject owns a Bible that is over three hundred 
years old, and contains an inscription writtiTi in 1634. 

A. SUMMEY, the son of John and Susanna Summey. is a native of 
Y'ork County, Penn., born in 1827. In 1837, he accompanied his parents to 



NEWBURY TOWNSHIP. 405 

Wayne County, Ohio, thence to Elkhart County, Ind., in 1851, coming, after 
a brief sojourn, to this township. At the time of coming here he had $280, 
and bought 80 acres of land in Section 8, to which he added 100. more ; then 
sold, in 1866, for $8,400, and purchased his present home, that includes 572 
acres of good land. Mr. Summey was married to Miss Rachael Chambers in 
1850. They have had nine children, six of whom are living — Susan, Eliza 
A., John E., Ellis, Alice and Oliver. Mrs. Summey is the daughter of Ben- 
jamin Chambers, and a native of Stark County, Ohio. The father and mother 
of the subject were descendants of the German and English, respectively, and 
natives of Pennsylvania ; they died at his home in this township, the former 
October 21, 1873, at the age of seventy-one, and the latter December 16, 1878. 
at the age of seventy-eight. They had four children, two of whom live in this 
township. Mr. and Mrs. Summey are members of the Grerman Baptist 
Church. He is a Republican, and raises from $1,500 to $2,000 worth of stock 
annually. His education has been principally self-acquired. In their house. 
in the fall of 1854, the Dunkards held their first meeting in the township. 

FREDERICK SUNTHIMER, son of Adam and Catherine (Shaw) 
Sunthimer, natives of Germany : they emigrated to America, locating in Vir- 
ginia, where Frederick Sunthiiner was born, 1836, in Wheeling. In 1840, 
they removed to Ohio, and lived in the counties of Tuscarawas, Coshocton and 
Holmes. In the latter place, eighteen years after the death of his wife, Adam 
Sunthimer passed away, at the age of seventy-one. At the age of twenty-two. 
the subject came to La Grange County, and worked two years, receiving $132 
per year, in a saw-mill, in Eden Township. Shortly succeeding his marriage, 
■which occurred November 28, 1860, he rented his father-in-law's farm, where 
he has lived ever since, with the exception of four years, spent in working his 
own farm of 77 acres, in Section 19, that he subsequently exchanged for the 
homestead property of 180 acres, which he has greatly improved. His wife, 
Rachael, the daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Miller, natives of Pennsylva- 
nia, was born May 30, 1844. They have six children — Mary A., Joseph E., 
Rachael, Andrew J., Amanda and Edward. The subject and wife are members 
of the Omish Church. He is worth about $12,000, and is a Republican citi- 
zen of enterprise. 

HANNON J. VAN DORSTON, one of the enterprising citizens of the 
township, purchased and located on his farm of 107 acres in the spring of 1864, 
and is living in the oldest frame house in the township. He was born in Wayne 
County, Ohio, April 4, 1833, and came to Indiana soon after celebrating his 
twenty-first birthday. One year he passed in Elkhart and La Porte Counties ; 
then returned to the home of his parents. In April, 1855, he started for Cali- 
fornia, going via New York and the Isthmus of Panama. After arrival there, 
he engaged in mining for fourteen months ; then went to Portland, Oregon, 
where he worked at lumbering until the fall of 1858, when he returned home, 
and, March 24, 1859, was married to Miss Susan Flora. They have had eight 
children — Minerva C, now Mrs. Gideon Lehman; Flora T., Charles E., Sam- 
uel J., Capitola, Lula D., Ethel E. and Othny Ono. Mrs. Van Dorston is the 
daughter of Jacob and Magdalena (Lesher) Flora, natives of Pennsylvania, and 
was born in Wayne County, Ohio, May 8, 1840. Mr. Van Dorston was Justice 
of the Peace four years, and then re-elected but did not qualify. His parents, 
Samuel and Mary (Flickinger) Van Dorston, natives of Pennsylvania, moved 
from Ohio to St. Joseph County, Mich., in 1865 ; Samuel Van Dorston died in 
1880 ; his widow is now Jiving in Three Rivers, Mich., and is eighty-four years 



406 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

old. The subject, his wife, and two daughters, are members of the Lutheran 
Church. 

JOSEPH WEIRICH, when a boy of fifteen years, came to this township 
with his parents in 1842, who settled on a farm in Section 17, subsequently 
changing their location to Section 20, where they began again the task of clear- 
ing a home from the forest wilderness. Joseph Weirich is a native of Somerset 
County, Penn., and the eldest son of Philip Weirich, also a Pennsylvanian by 
birth. In about 1852, Joseph purchased the old homestead property, and ex- 
changed it a few years afterward for his present home of 150 acres. As the 
result of his own efforts and industry, he now is worth over $8,000. On the 
3d of March, 1852, he married Barbara Garber. Her father, John Garber, 
was a I ative of Pennsylvania and of German descent. Mr. and Mrs. Weirich 
are "ijl) vers in the Ornish faith. He received a poor education in youth. As 
a wheat- thresher and wood-sawyer, Mr. Weirich has had considerable experience. 
His father died in February, 1868, and his mother, who is yet living, has at- 
tained the age of seventy-nine years. 

ELIAS WIGHT was born June 6, 1830, in Augusta, Me., and removed 
with his parents to Richland County, Ohio, in 1833. In the spring of 1852, he 
came to Indiana, stopping in Elkhart County, where he taught school several 
years, having had some experience in Ohio, teaching there three winter seasons. 
This vocation he pursued two winters in Iowa, but was called home by the death 
of his father in 1855, after which he assisted in the support of the family until he 
was married, July 1, 1860. Elias and Elizabeth Wight, of Maine, were the parents 
of Elias Wight, the subject, who now owns and resides on the farm where they lo- 
cated when they first came to this State in 1853. Mrs. Wight died in 1861. The 
Wights are of an old family whose ancestors came to America from the Isle of 
Wight. Elias Wight is an active Republican citizen, was elected County Commis- 
sioner in 1878 ; served the township as Assessor for eleven years and during that 
time took the military enrollment. His wife, Sophia A., whose parents, William 
and Ann Telfer, came to this county in 1847, was born in St. Joseph County, 
Mich., in 1843 ; her parents were natives of England. Mr. and Mrs. Wight 
have had four children — -Marvin L. (deceased), Byron W., Eva E. and Clarence 
E. Subject owns 240 acres of land, half of which comprises the old homestead, 
and first introduced the raising of sorghum, beginning the manufacture of it in 
1857. At the age of eighteen, Mr. Wight left home for the purpose of attend- 
ing the college at Oberlin, whither he went accompanied by his father, arriving 
at nightfall. His trunk was deposited in the college building, they proceeding 
to a hotel to pass the night. The next morning, his father decided that he could 
not spare him, so they procured his trunk and returned home, his " great ex- 
pectations " ending in the acquirement of a common-school education. 

WRINCH WINTER was born in New York in 1830. His parents, 
George and Melicent (Wrinch) Winter, were English people, emigrating to 
America in 1824 ; the former came West in 1836, entering the land where the 
subject is now living, removing his family to the same in the summer of 1837. 
This was one of the earliest permanent settlements in the township. In the 
spring of 1852, Wrinch Winter and three companions started for California, 
equipped with a covered wagon, drawn by three yoke of oxen and two cows. 
While crossing the Elkhorn River, a band of Indians surprised them, but left 
them unmolested. At Stockton, Cal., Mr. Winter was employed about three 
years in teaming, then returned to this township, where he has remained. 
After his father died (December 19, 1868), he purchased the homestead farm of 126 



NEWBURY TOWNSHIP. 407 

acres, having now 206 acres of good land. He is a Republican, and, in 1863, 
was appointed to fill a vacancy as Trustee of the township, and continued to 
hold the office for three consecutive terms, serving satisfactorily throughout. 
Mr. Winter and Miss Lucretia Hamilton were married in 1856, and have a 
family of four children — George H., Corette, Regina and Marian E. Mrs. 
Winter was born in 1836, in St. Joseph County, Mich ; her father was Samuel 
Hamilton, a native of Pennsylvania, and of Scotch descent. 

ALLEN I. WOLFE is a native of Fairfield County, Ohio, and the son 
of Samuel and Mary Wolfe, the former of Pennsylvania, the latter of Ohio, 
and both of German ancestry. Th'ey removed to Elkhart County, Ind., in 
1837, the subject at the time being five years of age, shortly afterward coming to 
Fly Creek, in this county. After several changes, they finally located on Section 
3 of this township, where the rest of their days were tranquilly passed. Allen L 
Wolfe, at the age of sixteen, learned carpentering ; continued the same until 1852, 
when he went to California with three companions, starting with a covered wagon, 
drawn by four yoke of cattle ; this equipage they disposed of at Soda Springs, U. 
T., landing at their destination in the fall of the year. After spending three j-ears 
in the Northern mines, Mr. Wolfe returned to Indiana with the sura of $3,600, 
with which he purchased his farm of 160 acres, that is now well improved with 
good buildings. He was united in marriage to Miss Susan Wight, by the Rev. 
J. P. Jones, on the 17th of January, 1856. They have had four children- 
Lewis A., Mary E., Warren W., and Nettie E., deceased. Mr. Wolfe is an 
anti-secret man, and in the early history of the township served on the Board 
of Trustees several times. Hunting was always with him a favorite pastime. 

C. C. YODER is one of eleven childi-en in the family of Christian and 
Catharine (Miller) Yoder, natives of Pennsylvania, in which State our subject's 
birth occurred, in Somerset County, May 29, 1819. He was united in mar- 
riage, June 27, 1841, to Catharine Harshberger, the daughter of Jacob and 
Barbara (Summey) Harshberger, natives of Pennsylvania. In 1843, Mr. 
Yoder removed to Elkhart County, Ind., where he resided until March, 1851, 
locating then on his present farm of 160 acres, that has been cleared and im- 
proved by him. Instead of the customary log cabin, he built a small frame 
structure that is yet standing. Mr. and Mrs. Yoder ai'e firm members of the 
Omish Church, and parents of eight children, five of whom are living and lo- 
cated near home. They are — Barbara, Noah, Lydia, Harriet and Sarah. Mr. 
Yoder once met with a narrow escape and painful accident. Before leaving his 
native State, while riding through the woods during a severe storm, he was 
struck on the skull by a falling limb, and knocked insensible from his horse. 
After reviving, he continued the journey with his faithful animal, and by the 
assistance of medical aid was soon restored. 

REUBEN YODER is a native of Somerset County, Penn., where he was 
born January 9, 1831. He is one of eleven children in the family of Christian 
C. and Catharine (Miller) Yoder, who were born in Pennsylvania, and were of 
German lineage. Reuben Yoder was left an orphan at the age of eighteen, and 
went to work on a farm. For several seasons he was engaged in threshing 
grain with the flail, receiving every tenth bushel. In the winter of 1850-51. 
he threshed 1,100 bushels of oats, and 280 of rye. On the 1st of the following 
April, he was married to Harriet Riehl, who was born in Pennsylvania March 
3, 1830. Her parents, John and Elizabeth Riehl, were natives of Germany, 
and after coming to this country, with the exception of three years passed in 
Michigan, lived in Pennsylvania until their deaths. Subject and wife started 



408 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

on their wedding tour in a covered wagon for Indiana ; settled on their present 
farm, and lived eight years in a log house. When Mr. Yoder came here he 
had $700, a team and wagon ; by dint of persevering industry, he has acquired 
240 acres of well improved land, valued at $50 per acre. They are members 
of the Ornish Church, and have had nine children — Elizabeth, Samuel R., 
Daniel R., Mary M., Menno S., Moses A., Peter A., Abraham (deceased), and 
Levi. Mr. Yoder is giving his children a good education, and Daniel is now 
teaching his si.xth term of sciiool. 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 

M. B. BAIRD was born January 24. 1813, in Allegany County, N. 
Y.; son of Charles and Hannah (Dimick) Baird, natives of New York, and of 
English and German descent; they went to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1817, 
subsequently moving to Wood County, Ohio, where they died. The subject, in 
the spring of 1838, went to Monroe County, Mich.; then in a few years went 
to Wood County, Ohio, where he cleared up a farm ; he was the first to run a 
separator in that county. He came to this township in 1852, and located on 
his farm of 120 acres, which he has much improved. He was married to Lydia 
Bruce, December 22, 1836 ; she was the daughter of Stephen and Lena(Pugh) 
Bruce, natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, and was born October 23, 1816. 
They had ten children — Stephen B., Josepheus E., Charles, Rachel, Rebecca 
A., Mary J., Milton, Samuel, Josephine and Edwin P. Stephen B. enlisted 
in 1862, and served during the war with Gen. Sherman ; Charles enlisted in 
the Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until the war closed. 
Mr. Baird is an able horse-farrier, and has a large practice ; he was among the 
active Regulators, and has served as Pathmaster a number of terms. He is a 
Republican, as are also his sons. 

J. A. BARTLETT, one of the early pioneers of this township, was born 
in Oneida County, N. Y., January 21, 1815, and is the son of John C. and 
Betsey (Arnold) Bartlett, yrho were parents of eight children, viz.: Ann M., 
Samuel A., Addlime M., John A., Henry D., Edward D., George R. and Charles C. 
At the age of twenty, the subject began an apprenticeship at the carpenter and 
joiner's trade, and worked at that until 1838, when he came to Milford Township 
and located, where he has since remained engaged in the practice of farming. In 
the fall of 1840, Mr. Bartlett was united in marriage with Salina L. Andrews, 
daughter of Luman and Chloe (Adams) Andrews. They have three children living 
— Celia M., Addie A. and Ida M., and one deceased, George A. Mr. Bartlett, 
in common with all early settlers, is familiar with the hardships and labor of 
the early days in this forest land, and he has always worked for the advance- 
ment of the country. At one time he held the oifice of Township Trustee, and 
served satisfactorily. He is a stanch Democrat, and cast his first vote for 
Van Buren. 

J. C. BASSETT, among the leading citizens of the township, was born 
in Oswego County, N. Y., November 17, 1825. His parents, James and 
Rachael Bassett, natives of Vermont and New York respectively, moved from 
Oswego County to Steuben County. N. Y., where they died. Subject is one of 
ten children, and learned blacksmithing when seventeen years old, and made 
that his leading pursuit until about 1860. For three years he followed mold- 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 409 

ing in New York, and harness-making one year ; he came to this county in 
1851, and located at Applemanburg, and came to this township in 1855, where 
he has lived since, with the exception of the summer of 1865, during which 
time he was at Kendallville, running a brick-yard. He has served twelve 
years as Pathmaster, is a strong Republican, and serves the people in various 
ways as Director of Agricultural Society, etc. March 12, 1852, he was mar- 
ried to Matilda Spears ; she is a native of this county, born April 26, 1837, 
and daughter of Tunis and Mary Spears, who were of English descent, and 
came to this county in 1836. Tunis Spears was born in New Jersey and his 
wife in Connecticut. 

LUCAS BASSETT was born September 1, 1840, to George W. and 
Samautha Bassett, in York State. Parents are natives of Vermont ; his 
father was born in 1805, August 6, and mother September 16, 1806. They 
were married September 28, 1826, and moved to Brockport, N. Y., in the fall 
of 1833 ; then came to this county with the family, settling four miles east of 
La Grange ; thence to this township, and located on the present farm. The 
father and his son, Lucas, purchased eighty acres, which they have cleared and 
improved with two good houses, bank barn, and other buildings. Lucas 
started out poor, and now has property worth over $7,000. He was married 
to Christena Wycuff, who was born in Pennsylvania, July 22, 1850. She bore 
him the following children : Orlando, Cora Adell, Franklin. Emma J., George 
and Christena C. Mrs. Bassett was a daughter of Jesse and Kathane Wycuif, 
and of German descent. Her parents moved to Ashland County, Ohio, where 
they resided until the father's death, in 1862. The mother then came to Noble 
County, where she died in 1869. Mr. Bassett has served as Pathmaster two 
terms. He is a Democrat, and cast his first vote for Buchanan. 

ALANSON BLACKMUN is the only one living of ten children in the 
family of Allen and Aseneth (Coi'bin) Blackmun, and was born in Huron 
County, Ohio, February 18, 1823. Allen Blackmun, a native of New York, 
in his early years was engaged in the manufacture of pearl-ash. After his 
marriage, he moved to Huron County, Ohio ; lived there until the spring of 
1839, when he came to this township, and settled on the place now owned by 
his son. The latter, Alanson Blackmun, first came here in March, 1843, but 
returned to Ohio, and in the fall of the same year, came back and located per- 
manently. His father and mother both died here, the former in 1865, the latter, 
who was a native of Connecticut, in 1873; they were hard-working people, of 
Methodist Episcopal faith, and among the first comers to the county. The sub- 
ject was reared a farmer, is of limited education, and was married, March 25, 
1849, to Mariah Baker, whose parents came from Ohio to Steuben County, 
Ind., in about 1836. With the exception of one year in Michigan, Mr. and 
Mrs. Blackmun have resided on their farm. They have had four children — 
Albert E., Mary J., Charles A. and Weltha R. Both daughters are dead ; 
Albert married Annie Miller, and resides in California ; Charles married Lil- 
lian Gunn, and lives in this township. Mr. Blackmun is a Republican, as was 
his father, and a member of the Masonic Order of Wolcottville. He was 
appointed to the office of County Commissioner, in 1874, in the place of A. 
Dickenson, deceased, and after serving out his term was elected to another, 
again re-elected, and is yet serving. 

ALBERT BRAINERD is the son of Williard and Pattie (Aikins) 
Brainerd, and at an early age was thrown upon his own resources by the death 
of his parents. They were natives of Connecticut. Albert Brainerd was born 



410 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

in Cleveland, Ohio, February 15, 1824, and at the age of nineteen was married 
to Minerva Himes, and shortly after purchased land in Ohio, ■\vliere tliej 
remained until 1851, when they came to this township with the intention of 
locating, but, after a short visit with Mrs. Brainerd's parents, returned to Ca- 
yuga County, Ohio, coming again to Indiana the following year, however, and 
settling on forty acres of land in this township. Since then he has purchased 
and cleared the eighty-acre farm where he resides. Mr. Brainerd, although not 
an aspirant for office, has in several instances been called to serve the people, 
and has done so satisfactorily. Mrs. Brainerd's father, Joseph Himes, of Ver- 
mont, was a resident of Cayuga County, Ohio, before coming to this township, 
in about 1845, where he spent the remainder of his life. Jennie C, Harriet 
M., Frank P. and Fred E. are the children of Mr. and Mrs. Brainerd. 

A. P. CASE is living in the first frame house built in the township and 
upon the farm entered by him in 1836. In company with his uncle, David 
Randall, he left Ashtabula County, Ohio, in the spring of 183-3, and traveled 
across the country on foot to St. Joseph County, Mich., west of Sturgis, where 
they soon earned enough to enter the eighty acres of land, in 1836, on Sections 
7 and 18, where, in the spring of 1837, subject, with his mother, Anna (Ran- 
dall) Case, and brother Zopher, located, and for many years endured the hard- 
ships of pioneer life. Zopher Case, father of the subject, who ranked as Major 
in the war of 1812, came from Connecticut at an early day, and settled in Ash- 
tabula County, Ohio, where he died in 1822, leaving a wife and four small 
children, among whom was our subject, who was born in Ashtabula County, 
Ohio, October 6, 1812. After coming to this county, his mother kept house 
for him until he was married, December 4, 1841, to Miss Elsie Hill, daughter 
of Aaron and Permelia (Winston) Hill, natives of New Jersey. They are 
parents of ten children — Zopher P., Randall P., Daniel A. (deceased), Eliza- 
beth C, Daniel A., Jr., Billings B., Elsie A., Perry A., Mary E. and Isa A. 

C. M. CASE is a native of this county, where he was born in Johnson 
Township, October 8, 1850. His parents were Zopher and Nancy (Highbar- 
gin) Case, natives of Ohio. Zopher Case, with his brother, A. P. Case, and 
mother, came to this township in 1837, but subsequently located in Johnson 
Township, where he is yet living. The subject, when twenty years of age, 
commenced teaching school, and for three years alternated that with farm labor, 
during their respective seasons. In 1873, he bought forty acres of land in 
Section 17, and his father gave him eighty acres adjoining. Of this, he sold 
eighty acres for $3,000 and purchased his present farm, that ranks among the 
best in the township in improvements and appearance. It consists of one 
hundred acres, twenty of which were presented to his wife by her father. For 
the remaining eighty acres he naid $5,000. The proceeds of this farm for the 
year 1879 were $2,500; 1880, $2,800; and 1881, $2,000. Mr. Case also 
raises some of the best blooded stock in the county. Although quite a young 
man, he is on the road to prosperity and belongs to a representative family. 
He was married to Miss Mary A. Newnam March 17, 1874. She was born in 
this township October 17, 1855, and is the daughter of Nicholas B. and Nancy 
(Cochran) Newnam. They were among the early settlers here, coming in 1835, 
and lived here until within the last year, when they moved to Kendallville. 

CHARLES COCHRAN, born December 23, 1821, in Ross County, 
Ohio; son of Col. William and Nancy (McKelvey) Cochran, the former a 
native of Ireland and the latter of Kentucky. They were early settlers of 
Ross County, Ohio, moving from there to Marion County in 1822, and in 1836 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 411 

located in this township, where lie had previously entered about seven or eight 
hundred acres of land, and forty acres upon which was a water-power saw-mill. 
Upon arriv.d, May 18, they moved into a hewed log house. In the spring of 
1837, after bringing from Detroit, with an ox team, the machinery, the mill 
was run on custom work until his death, in August. 1814, aged fifty-six years. 
His wife died June 9, 1861, aged seventy-four years. The subject, when twenty- 
one years old, started out. March 19, on foot, and with less than $4, for Iowa; 
was joined by a companion in Illinois, and they proceeded on their journey. 
On the North Fork of the Skunk River, they stopped and established a claim, 
upon which they built a log-house, cleared an acre of land, which they planted 
to potatoes, and traded off the crop for a yoke of steers. Next proceeded down 
the Skunk River to near Burlington, then to Galena; made a short stop at St. 
Louis, then went on to Arkansas, where for two months he was engaged in 
cutting wood. He next went to New Orleans, and thence to Horse Shoe 
Bend, and about April 1, 1844, at Galena, he traded for a good horse, and 
made the journey home in seven days. At his fiither's death, he inherited 
eighty acres of land, in the meantime having tradt'd for forty acres, where he 
now is living in the first brick house built in the township. He owns 460 
acres of land, estimated, with other property, at l8;40,0()0. He is an active 
political worker and is a Freemason. He was married, .January 29, 1849, to 
Ann E. Henry, a native of Pennsylvania and daughter of William Henry, 
who came to this township in 1846. They have had seven children — Mary 
Jane (deceased), George W., Edith H.. Charles A. (deceased), Alice A., Allen 
M. (deceased) and Frank H. Mr. and Mrs. Cochi-an are Spiritualists, and he 
is owner of an old horse, quite smart and active, that was born May 10, 1852. 

G. W. COPLIN, son of William and Bethiah (Palmer) Coplin, was 
born in Saratoga County, N. Y., January 19, 1811. His mother was of 
English descent, and his father of German. The latter, when but fourteen 
years of age, enlisted in the army of the Revolutionary war, and shortly after, 
while on duty at Fore Stanwix cutting timber for repairs, the whole force was 
.ambushed and taken prisoners by the Indians, and he taken to Montreal, Can- 
ada, where he, after gaining their confidence, made his escape down the St. 
Lawrence River in a bark canoe to New York, where he resided until his death 
in 1814. There were thirteen children in William Coplin's family, only one, 
the subject, now living. He practiced farming in New York until 1850, when 
he came West in September to locate his home, selecting land in this township. 
At that time, when he was clearing his farm of 80 acres, game was plenty, and 
hunting a pastime. He was married in Cayuga, N. Y., to Miss Rebecca Van- 
vranken, daughter of Adam I. G. Vanvranken. They have had six children, 
John v., William P., Theodore, Orcelia G., George and Spencer E. — three 
living, John, William and Spencer. Mr. and Mrs. Coplin are members of the 
Christian Church, and he is always interested in the progress of all public en- 
terprises of a beneficent character. His first vote was an ti- Masonry, and he 
has since been an advocate of the Republican party. 

Theodore Copi.rN, son of the subject, during the late war enlisted in the 
the Seventy-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until sickness called 
him away. He died at Gallatin, Tenn., February 6, 1863, aged twenty-three 
years seven months and six days. His last words to friends were recorded 
February 1 as follows : " I'll see you no more on this earth ; meet me in heav- 
en. Father, mother and brothers, if you see me no more here, mourn not ; for 
my faith is good, and I trust that heaven is my home." 



412 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

WILLIAM S. CORNELL, one in a family of fifteen children, went to 
live with Elias Gilbert in Springfield Township, this county, where he remained 
until he attained the age of twenty-one years. William Cornell's parents, born 
in New York, were Benjamin H. and Leafie (Hammond) Cornell, who jour- 
neyed westward, stopping in Logan County, Ohio, where the subject was born 
in 1823. Benjamin Cornell was a farmer; he died in Whitley County, Ind., 
where he came about the year 1841. William Cornell is now pleasantly situ- 
ated on 115 acres of land, from which the wild forest trees have disappeared, 
principally through the untiring efforts of Mr. Cornell, who started out in life 
with $100, and the determination to succeed. October 22, 1857, Mr. Cornell 
and Miss Sarah J. Kline were united in marriage. She was the daughter of 
William and Ellen Kline, of German and Irish descent, and was born in Rich- 
land County, Ohio, August 2, 1810. Six children have been born to thera — 
Clark, Lora, Leafie, William (deceased), Albert and Delbert. 

J. F. COSPER owns eighty acres of improved land in Section 17. and is 
the son of John and Mary Cosper, natives of the East, the father of English, 
the mother of German descent. They came to Wayne County, Ohio, at an 
early day, and from there moved to Holmes County ; then, in the fall of 1841, 
came to Noble County, where the father died in 1872. The subject is one of 
nine children, and was born in Wayne County, Ohio, February l9, 1829, and 
started out for himself at the age of twenty. He worked during summers on a 
farm, and attended school at La Grange, taught by Mr. Mcintosh, during the 
winter of 1849-50, and for three years at Ontario, working a portion of the 
time. Prof. Patch was Principal of the school there. He has taught seven 
terms of school in all. He married Emma Waterhouse, September 6, 1854, 
daughter of B. B. and Harriet Waterhouse, natives of New York, and of En- 
glish descent, who came to this township and settled in 1836. Her father was 
a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Cosper and wife are Methodists, and he has 
held all the offices in the church ; he has also served as School Director and 
Pathmaster. He is a Republican, and in the fall of 1864 he was drafted in the 
army, and served under Gen. Sherman until the close of the war. They reared 
an adopted child, Josie, who was born May 24, 1859 ; she is now the wife of 
Norman Royer. 

ISAAC I. CROWELL, born February 6, 1836, in Cayuga County, N. 
Y., was the only one of twelve children that left his native State. He came to 
Springfield Township in 1857, and hired out by the month, continuing about 
seven years, when he was enabled to purchase the farm of 80 acres where he 
now lives. Hugh and Eliza A. (Irish) Crowell were the parents of Isaac. 
Hugh Crowell was a native of Connecticut, and his forefathers came from Ire- 
land ; the mother was a native of New York, and of English descent ; they 
both died in New York. Isaac Crowell was married May 18, 1862, to Miss 
Elnora E. Millis; her father, John Millis, was of English ancestry and was 
born in Maryland. Her mother, Martha Millis, of Irish descent, was a native 
of Ohio. Mr. Crowell's property is probably worth $6,000. The children of 
Mr. and Mrs. Crowell are Theron A., William P., Charlie M., John W., Edwin 
H., Clinton S. (deceased), and Etta M. When the Mount Pisgah Post Office 
was in existence, Mr. Crowell served as Postmaster. 

JOHN DANCER, M. D., of German descent, was born in Ashland 
County, Ohio, October 6, 1830. His father, John G. Dancer, was born in 
Washington County, Penn., in April, 1802, and his mother, Margaret 
(Boyce) Dancer, was born in Washington County, N. Y., in April 1802; 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 413 

they were married in Jefferson County, Ohio, and moved to Ashland 
County in 1825; thence to DeKalb County, Ind., in 1848, where they 
engaged in farming. Mr. Dancer's occupation in early life was that of a 
blacksmith ; he died in July, 1873, and his wife in March, 1870. The 
subject, being slightly crippled, commenced teaching in 1849, to defray his 
school expenses, and in 1861 began the study of medicine with his brother 
William, at Auburn, Ind., but upon the death of the latter, went to 
Lisbon to study under Dr. Bicknell, with whom he remained thirteen 
months, and, after a short practice at Auburn, located permanently at South 
Milford. He completed the course of study at Rush Mecical College, Chi- 
cago, receiving his diploma in 1859. In 1865 and 1867, he attended the same 
college, and during the winter of 1872-73 was at Jefferson and Bellevue Medi- 
cal Colleges. Mr. Dancer voted for Franklin Pierce in 1852, and since has 
voted the straight Democratic ticket. He was nominated State Senator at one 
time, and also ran for Representative, but the county went Republican and he 
was defeated. He was married October 14, 1860, to Isabel H. Hodges, a 
native of La Grange County, born January 7, 1837, and daughter of Nelson 
R. (native of Maryland), and Mary R. Hodges (native of Pennsylvania). 
They have had ten children, seven now living, viz., Maggie D., Hattie M. 
(deceased), John M. (deceased), Kate J., Frank A., James A. (deceased), 
Charles W., Gratia I., Edna D. and George W. 

N. B. DRYER, son of Darius and Clarissa (Rogers) Dryer, was born in 
Greene County, N. Y., August 9, 1829. His parents came here in 1887. his 
father having previously entered land in Noble County, and traded it for the 
farm where his son-in-law, A. B. Bennett, now lives. He settled on his farm 
in 1840, and died there in February, 1861. Darius Dryer, a clothier by trade, 
was a soldier in the war of 1812 ; he started the first carding-mill in this county ; 
he also had followed teaching as a vocation, and four of his six children were 
school-teachers — his daughter Laura has taught school the past thirty-nine 
years, averaging two terms yearly. The subject was favorably educated, and 
after teaching six terms of school devoted his attention to fiirming exclusively. 
In 1850, he made a purchase of 80 acres of his present farm ; this he has 
greatly improved, added 40 acres and now has property worth about $7,000, 
Mr. Dryer was married March 22, 1855, to Mary A. Tinklepaugh, who was 
born September 14, 1834, in Madison County, N. Y.; her parents were natives 
of New York, of German descent, and came to this township in 1844, where 
they died, the fother, Peter Tinklepaugh, in 1848, at the age of sixty-two, 
and the mother, Maria (Nifer) Tinklepaugh, in 1854, aged sixty-seven years. 
Mr. and Mrs. Dryer have had eight children — Dwight W., Romaine P., 
Charles D. (deceased), Zenas E., Lillie I., William B., Mary Edna and an in- 
fant. The survivors are being well educated, and three have taught school in 
this county. Mrs. Dryer is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Dryer has 
served as Assessor two terms, is an active politician and an enterprising citizen. 
In about the vear 1848, Mr. Dryer remembers of counting as many as twenty- 
five deer in one drove. 

W. L. DRYER was born in Greene County, N. Y., December 1, 1831, 
and is the son of Darius and Clarissa (Rogers) Dryer, of English descent, 
Darius Dryer, who was born in Massachusetts, came from New York to this 
township, with his family, in November, 1837 ; he died here in February, 
1861. Mrs. Dryer, a native of New York, now eighty years of age, is living 
with her youngest daughter. The subject commenced learning wagon-making 



414 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

at the age of nineteen, but soon turned his attention to carpentering; thia he 
followed a number of years, and in 1857 purchiised the farm where he now re- 
sides. This land was all timber, except 16 acres, and Mr. Dryer has worked 
hard at clearing it ; he now has 120 acres, valued at $60 per acre. Mr. Dryer 
was married in 1858, December 23, to Lodema Taylor, who was born in this 
township April 20, 1841. They have had five children — one infant, Laura, 
Morton W. and Lura, all deceased, and Mary A., living. Mrs. Dryer's par- 
ents were Theston and Nancy (Blair) Taylor, of English descent, and natives 
of New York and Vermont, respectively. Mr. Taylor entere<l land in this 
township in 1836, and two years later the family came. Mr. Dryer is a 
stanch Republican ; has served as Pathmaster and School Director a number of 
terms each. Zenas B. Dryer, the subject's youngest brother, enlisted in 1861 
in the Twenty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and now sleeps in a soldier's 
grave at New Orleans. 

PETER ENGLERT, one of the leading farmers of the township, is a 
German by birth, and came to tliis country with his parents. Peter and Katha- 
rine Englert, in 1838, and located in Seneca County, Ohio, removing to this 
township in 1852, where his parents have since died. The subject was born 
December 24, 1830, and at the age of twenty-two started in life with $200, 
and was married November 12, 1853, to Mrs. Katharine Englert, widow of 
George Englert. She was a daughter of Abraham Rinebold, native of Penn- 
sylvania, of German descent, and was born April 14, 1883, in Seneca County, 
Ohio. When Mr. Englert first located on his farm it numbered 80 acres of 
uncleared land: it is now twice that size, and log cabin and trees have disap- 
peared, giving way to the modern improvements, and a fine brick residence; 
entire property valued at about $10,000. He is impartial in politics, always 
upholding the best man. He and wife are parents of six children — George 
W., Abraham, Lovina and Jacob F., deceased, and Barbara A. and John P., 
living. They are members of the Evangelical Church, and have always been 
hard-working and industrious people. 

WELTON FRANCIS is a son of Samuel and Sarah A. Francis, and 
was born in this county, April 25, 1843. His parents, natives of New York, 
eame West in 1840, and in 1853 to this township, where they lived until 1874, 
when they moved to Kendallville, where Mr Francis is still living ; Mrs. 
Francis died October 17, 1877. Welton Francis went in the army as a sub- 
stitute for John Reed, who was drafted in the fall of 1862, from whom he re- 
ceived $200. Substitutes of that draft had the privilege of serving the nine 
months' call, or enlisting for three years, with $100 bounty. Our subject 
ehose the latter, and October 25, 1862, enlisted in the Twenty-first Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry, under Col. Roy, but was transferred in May to the First 
Indiana Heavy Artillery, and was immediately called into service at the bat- 
tle of Port Hudson. He participated in six other active engagements : Sabine 
Pass, Pleasant Hill, Cane River, Marksville, Schapalier and Franklin. He 
was wounded twice, on the 27i;h of May, 1862. but not seriously. He saved 
$1,000 of his army funds, receiving $360 back pay at the time of his discharge, 
and upon returning to La Grange, in 1865, received from A. Ellison, with 
whom he had left his $200, a deed for 80 acres in Section 14; this land he 
afterward disposed of for $600. In 1866, he purchased a farm of 120 acres, 
in this township. Mr. Francis was married in March, 1868, to Mary J. Ack- 
ley, daughter of Lyman Ackley, of Whitley County, Ind. They have had 
three children — Ada M., Franklin, deceased, and Marv E. In 1878, he be- 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 415 

gan the sale of fanning implements, at Kendallville, and in the spring of 1881 
moved from his farm to South Milford. He has served the people in various 
ways, though never seeking official prominence. 

DAVID FIANDT, one of the enterprising self-made men for which this 
county is noted, was born in Ohio December 19, 1835. In 1833, his father, 
Martin Fiandt, began farming in Ohio, which occupation he followed in Wayne 
and Seneca Counties, moving to Wood County in 1868, where he died in 1877 ; 
his widow is now living with her second son, the subject, at the advanced age 
of ninety one years. David Fiandt, one of four children, began learning the 
trade of a carpenter at the age of twenty, and made that his business until 
about ten years ago, when he began the practice of farming. He came here 
with his family in 1869. and has accumulated property worth $5,000 ; his farm 
of seventy-five acres is in a flourishing condition. In the fall of 1862, he was 
drafted in the army, and paid $800 to be exempted. Mr. Fiandt at one time 
was School Director and Pathmaster, and has been a member of the I. 0. 0. 
F. Lodge. He is a Republican. September 9, 1858, he was married to Su- 
sanna Longnecker, daughter of Michael Longnecker, of German descent ; 
they have had seven children — Ephraim, Harvey and Viola, deceased ; Lando, 
Eliza E., Heward and Hattie. 

VALENTINE FREY. the youngest son of Adam H. and Anna C. (Fleck) 
Frey, was born in Rhine Province, Provelia. He came to America in 1839, 
and was followed by his parents in 1840. The subject was apprenticed three 
years at the shoemaker's trade in New York, and worked two years over that 
time, then went to Cleveland ; thence to Wooster on foot, and engaged to work 
for his brother-in-law, the following year, for $75. Valentine Frey, in 1847, 
entered eighty acres of land where he is living, and now has 280 acres valued 
at $14,000. His time has been principally spent in clearing and grubbing 
land. Mr. Frey was drafted for the nine months' service, but, after nine days 
in camp at Indianapolis, he hired a substitute and returned home. Mr. Frey 
was married, January 17, 1855, to Isabel Cravatt, a native of Ohio, of German 
parentage ; she died in August, 1865, and the following December Mr. Frey 
married Maria A. Vesey, who was born in Vermont, of English ancestry. By 
his first wife, Mr. Frey had seven children, three of whom are living — Frank- 
lin H., Mary A. and Marshall. Mr. Frey has served a number of terms as 
Pathmaster. 

A. GETTINGS, a reliable farmer of Milford Township, is a native of 
Cumberland County. Penn., born October 10, 1823; his parents were natives 
of Ireland ; his father, Thomas Gettings, was a farmer, and was killed in Penn- 
sylvania by a falling limb, after which avent the mother, Sarah Gettings, moved 
to Richland County, Ohio, with the family, to a place her husband had pur- 
chased previously. She lived there until her death, and was the mother of 
seven children, among them our subject, who, at the age of seventeen, began 
an apprenticeship at the shoemaker's trade, which he followed about five years, 
then purchased a farm of 120 acres in Lucas County, Oliio; began farming in 
1845, and, February 10, 1847, was married to Sarah Pricket, of New Jersey, 
by whom he had three children — Thomas J. (deceased), Ella, and William W. 
(deceased). His wife died September 23, 1857, and within a year afterward 
he married Lovina Repine, born June 25, 1825, daughter of John Repine, a 
native of Scotland. They have three children — Franklin V., horn January 
17. 1859 ; James D., born June 2, 1860, and Alma, born July 20, 1868. Mr. 
Gettings came to Wayne Township, Noble County, in 1848, and for some time 



416 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

was engaged in the grocery trade at Kendallville while still farming, but traded 
his stock for the Air-Line Hotel ; then sold his farm and went into the livery 
business; continued about four years; sold out in 1869, and purchased the 
farm of 160 acres where he is now living. It is excellently improved and ablv 
managed. When in Wayne Township, Mr. Gettings served as Trustee, and 
was a member of the I. 0. 0. F. at Kendallville. 

M. GOODSELL is the only son of Capt. Stiles and Lucinda (Bostwick) 
Goodsell, of English-Scotch descent, who changed from their native State, Con- 
necticut, to Pennsylvania, April, 1833, and is the second oldest settler in this 
township, locating here in October, 1835. The subject was born in Litchfield, 
Conn., May 29, 1818, and came here with his parents, reaching Lima on the 
26th of October ; they lived in a log house for some time, and found sufficient 
wild game for meat, and went to Toledo, Ohio, with an ox team, to procure 
groceries, a twenty-one days' trip, until the canal was completed, when supplies 
were received from Fort Wayne. Stiles Goodsell died February 22, 1850, aged 
eighty-three years, and his wife February 28, 1858, aged seventy-six. The 
subject took charge of his father's farm when they first arrived here, and was 
married March 3, 1840, to Ellen Dier, daughter of Norman Dier, who came to 
this county in 1836. They had seven children — Marshall, Josephine, Mills, 
Eugene, Ida, Augusta and Frederick. Marshall and Eugene are living. His 
wife died August 24. 1856, and November 22, 1857, Mr. Goodsell was mar- 
ried to Nancy Johnson, who was born in Ohio February 15, 1840, daughter 
of John and Eliza Johnson. They have five children — Jennie, Ella, George, 
Imogene and Theodore M. Mr. Goodsell owns 450 acres of excellent land, 
and is worth about $30,000. He is a temperance man and served his township 
sixteen years as Trustee and Justice of the Peace. His first experience in 
clearing was in 1836, and he chopped ten acres in twenty-six days. 

ELI GUNN, son of Ralzamond and Betsy (Osband) Gunn. was born in 
Tompkins County, N. Y., July 23, 1827. His father, a native of Connecticut, 
was a farmer, and came to Seneca County, Ohio, and located on the Indian 
Reserve ; then, in the spring of 1856, came to this township, where for a num- 
ber of years he ran the Milford hotel, but is now living in retirement, at the age 
of eighty-one. His mother was born in New York, and both parents were of 
English descent. The subject, when seven years of age, hired out by the 
month, and his school advantages were limited. He located in this township 
in October, 1854 : after making some improvements on his farm, sold it and 
bought the place where he now lives. For two years he was engaged in run- 
ning the hotel at Milford ; then returned to his farm, and lived three years in an 
old log house, but has since built a fine frame residence. He is a Republican, 
and has served as Pathmaster and School Director several terras each. He 
was an active worker among the Regulators, and at one time was away from 
home four weeks. He was married, August 4, 1850, to Mary J. Dawsen, who 
was born in Ross County, Ohio, May 29, 1827. Her parents, John and Lydia 
(Huddle) Dawsen, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Ohio, and of Irish 
and German descent, came to this township in 1853. where they lived until 
within a few years of John's death, which occurred August 27, 1871 : his widow 
is now living in Kendallville, at the advanced age of seventy-seven. Mr. Daw- 
sen, at the age of sixty-six. enlisted in the army of the rebellion in October, 
1861, but was honorably discharged in February, 1862. Mrs. Gunn is an 
active member of the Methodist Church. 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 417 

GEORGE E. GUNN, son of Ralzamond and Betsy (Osband) Gunn, was 
born March 1, 1837, in Huron County, Ohio. Having learned the carpenter 
trade, he came to this township in 1858, but did not permanently locate until 
about two years later, having returned to his home in Ohio in the meantime. 
Before buying his present farm of eighty acres, in Section 35, he purchased 
land in Section 29, which he afterward sold. The year of 1864 Mr. Gunn 
spent in California, and was in Huron County, Ohio, in 1871 and 1872 ; since 
has worked at his trade in connection with farming. Mr. Gunn and Katha- 
rine A. Ridley wei-e married on the 8th of February, 1866. She was born 
September 6, 1841 ; her parents, Jacob and Elizabeth Ridley, were natives of 
Pennsylvania, from where they went to Ohio, and are yet residing in Sandusky 
County. Mr. Gunn is a Republican. There are two children in Mr. Gunn's 
family — Emma A., born June 19, 1876, and Anna A., born February 8, 1867. 

WILLIAM HAYWARDis the youngest of thirteen children in the family of 
Isaac and Ann (Shepard) Hayward. His parents were natives of England, and 
emigrated to this country in 1833 ; resided in Pennsylvania about five years ; 
then moved to Marion County, Ohio, where the subject was born June 30, 
1838, and in 1848 came to this township to the farm now owned by William 
Hayward, our subject, who was poorly educated, and when of age commenced 
with nothing, and in three years had saved $500. In partnership with his 
brother, he purchased the homestead farm at a consideration of $5,000, then, in 
the following January, bought his brother's interest, agreeing to maintain his 
father as long as he lived ; his death occurred February 27, 1881 ; he willed 
$100 to each of his grandchildren, and the remainder of his property divided 
equally between his children. Two years previous to his death, all settlements 
had been made. Subject's mother died May 4, 1860. William Hayward has 
been successful in nearly all of his undertakings, and is now one of Milford's 
best and influential farmers. Of the 640 acres of his land, 400 are in good 
farming condition, and yield good crops annually. The wheat crop alone in 
1879, was 2,600 bushels ; clover seed crop. 175 bushels, and the proceeds of 
the farm that year were $4,000 ; for the years of 1880 and 1881 were $3,000 
for each year. His property is free from incumbrance, and is valued at about 
$32,000. He was married April 26. 1859, to Louise H. Chaffee, and by her 
had nine children — Walter, John B., Dora, Stella, two infants, Cora M., Olive 
and Ida. She died March 21, 1873, and he was again married November 27, 
1873, to Mrs. Caroline Drecher, widow of George P. Drecher. They have four 
children — Mary, Willie C, Arthur F. and Frank E. Mr. Hayward is an 
active Republican, first voting for Lincoln, and has served several terms as 
School Director and Pathmaster. 

IRA S. HELMER, son of Peter and Esther Helmer, was born Septem- 
ber 23. 1849. His parents were natives of New York, and in 1846 traded 
property there for the farm where their youngest son is now living with his 
mother, who is sixty-two years old. Peter Helmer experienced all the hard- 
ships of pioneer life, but lived to see his farm cleared and well improved. He 
died November 9, 1873, aged seventy-two years seven months and nine days. 
By his third wife he had two children, Angelia, wife of John K. Spears, of 
Steuben County, and Ira S., who is a native of this county. He was united in 
marriage October 9, 1879, to Mary L. James, whose father, George W. James, 
was an early settler of this township. Mr. Helmer is a scrupulous farmer, and 
is now serving his first term as Justice of the Peace. He is liberal in his views, 
votes the Democratic ticket, and has been an active worker in the Sabbath 



418 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Schools. His father, Peter Helmer, was born June 27, 1801, and his inotlier, 
Esther Helmer, July 24, 1818. 

JAMES M. HESLIP, M. D., is a native of Scotland, where he was born 
March 26, I82(i. His father, Samuel Heslip, was a Methodist clergyman, and 
died in Glasgow in 1829. James Heslip came to America in 1845, and for two 
years occupied a position as prescription clerk in New York, and after that he 
followed teaching four years in Pennsylvania, tlien entered the office of Dr. 
James Drew, at Mifflin, Penn.. where he studied and practiced his profession two 
years ; he next proceeded to Philadelphia, and after a thorough course at the 
Medical College there, began his practice at Flat Rock, Ohio, where he re- 
mained two years, and in 1860 came to this township, where he has since resid- 
ed, and has an active practice. Mr. Heslip has dealt in real esate to some ex- 
tent, and for the past year has been engaged in the mercantile business. He 
was drafted in the army, but went out as an enlisted soldier with the Thirtieth 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but was rejected owing to disability. When in 
Pennsylvania, Mr. Heslip was married in 1855 to Mrs. Elizabeth Albright, 
widow of Samuel Albright, and a native of Pennsylvania. His second mar- 
riage occurred January 10, 1871, to Mrs. Maria Westbay, widow of William 
Weatbay, and daughter of George M. Butts, who came to this township, in 
1842, and died here in 1859. She was born December 29, 1832, and by her 
first husband had six children, five living, viz.: Martha, born April 19, 1850; 
Nellie, June 17, 1852 ; Sarahs March 30, 1854 ; George W., May 3, 1856 ; 
and James, May 16. 1859; Henrietta, deceased, was born Januarv 10, 1861. 

GEORGE W. JAMES, one of five children in the family of William and 
Rebecca (Hodges) James, was born in Tymochtee Townsliip, Wyandot Coun- 
ty, Oiiio, in October, 1824. His parents were natives of Pennsylvania, were 
married in Wyandot County, and died in Ottawa County, Ohio, where they 
had previously moved and cleai-ed a farm. The subject was the eldest son, and 
after the death of his mother went to live with his uncle William Hodges, at the 
age of eight years, and came with him to this county in 1835, but after three 
years was compelled to return to Oliio in search of health. After six years he 
came again to this State, and worked by the month, making his home with his 
uncle until he was married. April 20. 1851, to Rachael Carpenter, daughter of 
William Carpenter, born July 23, 1827. He had previously purchased forty 
acres of his present farm, and now owns 290 acres, finely cultivated, and with 
other property is worth about $22,000. The proceeds of his farm for 1879 
were $1,700, for the year following $1,800. and $1,200 for 1881. Besides his 
extended farm practice, Mr. James raises considerable live-stock. He was an 
active worker among the Regulators, and was a follower of the Whig party 
during the time of its existence. Mr. James was among the first comers to the 
county, and has served several terms as Pathmaster. Mr. and Mrs. James are 
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and have had four children, Will- 
iam A. (deceased), Mary L. (now Mrs. Ira Helmer), Isaac W. and Rebecca (de- 
ceased). 

MICHAEL KIMMEL, one of nine children, was born in Somerset 
County, Penn., February 16, 1827 ; his parents, Jacob M. and Elizabeth 
(Mowery) Kimmel. of German descent, moved to Wayne County, Ohio, in 
1832, and from there went to Seneca County, Ohio, where the father died in 
August. 1872. Michael Kimmel enlisted in the One Hundred and First Ohio 
Volunteer Infantry August 16, 1862, but his health failed and he was dis- 
charged April 29, 1863. He has never entirely recovered, and is afflicted in 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 41i> 

Other ways ; he has had three strokes of paralysis, and is badly disabled 
besides, having some impediment in his speech. He was married in 1856, 
May 8, to Rebecca Logenecker, and soon after came to Milford Township, and 
located. Their family consists of seven children — Alva J. (who married Luella 
Cox), Harriet C. (who married Augustus J. Kent), Celia A. (deceased), Emma J. 
(married to John Duboise), Noah E., Mary A. and Charles W. Mr. Kimmel 
has served two terms as Township Trustee, and had previously been Director 
of Schools and Pathmaster. His farm numbers 100 acres, well improved, and 
is valued at about $8,000. He is a Republican. 

ELDER F. KOMP is a native of Germany, where he was born in Hesse- 
Darmstadt April IH, 1828, and was brought to America by his parents, Henry 
and Elizabeth (Deetz) Komp, in 1831. They lived three years in Pennsylvania, 
then moved to Clark County, Ohio, and came to Whitley County. Ind., in 
1843; cleared two farms and lived near Columbiana City until their deaths. 
Tile subject, when twenty-two years old, began his calling as a minister in the 
Church of God. In early times he had many difficulties to contend with, and 
received but slight remuneration for his services among the pioneers as a mis- 
sionary minister, and frequently, to keep appointments, made ten trips of 300 
miles each annually. For the year of 1856, he received $17.50 for his con- 
tinual services, and for several succeeding years was rewarded with $50 annu- 
ally. In the fall of 1863, Mr. Komp was drafted and went in the army with 
Company F, Illinois Volunteer Infantry. In September, 1861, he was honor- 
ably discharged, and after his return, while engaged in farming, preached 
locally until 1871, when he came to his farm of eighty-one acres in this town- 
sitip, where he now lives. For two years he was engaged in the ministry, and 
since then has given his attention to farming, preaching when occasion requires. 
Mr. Komp is an anti-secret society man, a believer in divine inspiration and 
total abstinence, and entertains the views of the Republican party. He was 
married, in 1856, May 22, to Elizabeth Parker, daughter of Isaac and Margaret 
Parker, natives of Pennsylvania. She was born June 22, 1832, in Armstrong 
County, Penn. Mr. and Mrs. Komp have had eight children, five now living 
— George E., Margaret D., Lodema L., Eva R. and Freddie. 

GEORGE T, LOVETT.was born in Stark County, Ohio, December 24, 
1831. His parents, R. and Katharine (Martin) Lovett, natives of Pennsyl- 
vania, came to Stark County, Ohio, in the fall of 1830, and resided until after 
her death, August 18, 1851, when the father came to Indiana and located in 
this township in 1856. George Lovett is the eldest of nine children, and 
began working for himself when twenty-two years old. The first year he lost 
only two days' work, and in the fall of 1854 came to Milford Township. He 
has one brother who is a minister, and one brother went to the war and 
received fatal wounds in the battle of Murfreesboro. The subject was married, 
March 13, 1856, to Katharine Brady, daughter of David and Elizabeth Brady. 
Their children are Mary F. and George R., living, and Laura E., deceased. 
Upon his arrival in Milford Township, Mr. Lovett had only $6, and started 
by running a threshing machine and farming. He now owns one of the finest 
farms in the township — 155 acres under excellent cultivation, and supplied 
with every convenience. He is a Republican, and foi' the past twenty-six 
years, with the exception of two summers, has been Superintendent of the Sun- 
day scliool, and with his wife is a member of the Church of God. 

DAVID LOWER was born in Northumberland County. Penn., Septem- 
ber 12, 1816, the son of Conrad and Hannah (Cramer) Lower, of German de- 



420 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

scent and natives of Pennsylvania, whose grandfathers served in the Revolu- 
tionary war. Conrad Lower served under Gen. Jackson in the war of 1812. 
He came to Tuscarawas County, Ohio, in 1829, where he died in 1860. David 
Lower's first vote was cast for Gen. Harrison, and he has since been a strong 
party man. Previous to his marriage, in 1843, September 28, to Annie M. 
Showalter, daughter of John Showalter, he spent about three years in the 
Southern States. In 1853, they settled in Paulding County, Ohio. They had 
six children — John, Isaac and Hannah, and three deceased — Ephraim, Conrad 
and William. After his wife's death, April 29, 1856, Mr. Lower came to this 
township. His present wife was Mrs. Catharine Menely, daughter of Melchoir 
Fordney, of French descent. She wa:* first married to Ale.xander Menely, 
December 3, 1835, hy whom she had five children — two living. Mr. Lower 
owns 125 acres of land, well improved. In 1860, he erected a barn at the cost 
of about $2,000. He is prominent in the township and always assists in bene- 
ficial enterprises. His annual income is about !$1,000. Mr. and Mrs. Lower 
are both active membei's of the Church of God. John Lower, eldest son of 
the subject, was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, October 11, 1844. At the 
age of seventeen he enlisted in the Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 
Company D, in the fall of 1861. During the battle of Shiloh he was absent 
on sick leave, but joined the regiment at the siege of Corinth, and was fore- 
most in the fight at the battles of Stone River and Mission Ridge. He served 
as teamster three months during the autumn of the battle of Lookout Mount- 
ain ; then returned to his company ami followed them closel}' until he wis dis- 
charged, in October, 1865, receiving two flesh wounds during his service. 
March 11, 1866, he was married to Kebecca M. Martin. She was born Janu- 
ary 4, 1843. They have three children; two are living — John D. and William 
I. John owns ninety-four acres of good laud and has been a member of the 
Masonic Lodge, No. 380. 

EMANUEL R. MARTIN is a native of Lancaster City, Penn., and son 
of George and Katharine (Croft) Martin, natives of Pennsylvania and of German 
descent. His father was a shoemaker and died in 1825 ; his wife maintained 
the family, and, when they were about grown, came West to Stark County, 
Ohio, where she kept house for the subject until her death in February, 1848. 
He was born April 7, 1823, and married in 1848, November 6, to Mary Smith, 
of Stark County, Ohio, and by her had three children — Belinda, John and 
George. After her death, Mr. Martin married Harriet Clayman, daughter of 
Henry and Henrietta Clayman, who came from Germany to Stark County in 
1834, where they resided until they died. 'They have five children — Alice, 
Cora, Hattie, William and Francis. The subject, when sixteen years old, be- 
gan working at $2.50 per month, turning the wheel for a rope-maker six 
months, then worked at blacksmithing five months, after which he resumed 
rope-making. He saved all his earnings, and after setting type three years, 
accumulated enough to buy a small farm in Stark County, Ohio, which he sold 
in 1862, removing to this township where he has lived since. His farm of 110 
acres is located on Section 28, and his property is valued at about $'J,000. He 
is an active Democrat, and, before coming to Indiana, was quite prominent in 
political matters. During the war he paid $532 for exemption of the draft of 
the township. Mr. and Mrs. Martin are both members of the church. 

DAVID W. MILLER is a native of Highland County, Ohio, where he 
•was born January 4, 1831, his parents, Henry and Christina (Fisher) Miller, 
•Laving settled there in 1815. Thence they moved, in 1837, to Johnson Town- 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 421 

ship, this county, where they resided till 1855, when they removed to this town- 
ship, where Mr. Miller died in 1861. David Miller in his youth helped to raise 
the flax with which to make clothing, and this, together with the wool obtained 
from a few sheep, furnished the required material. When twenty-one years old, 
David Miller rented his father's farm, and after harvesting one crop and selling 
his cattle he went to Iowa, and entered land near Des Moines. He soon re- 
turned, and for four years drove a team for Northam & Barber, and traded his 
Iowa land for forty acres in this township. This land, with forty acres more 
given him by his father, made his home until in 1862, when he sold out and 
went to Michigan and resided three years ; came to Noble County and traded 
for his present property of 100 acres. Mr. Miller was chosen Justice of the 
Peace and re-elected to a second term ; has served also as Pathmaster and School 
Director. He is a Democrat, and a charter member of the Regulators. In the 
fall of 1861, he was married to Aceneth Day, who was born in Huron County, 
Ohio, December 31, 1841, and is the daughter of David R. and Orilla (Black- 
man) Day, who came to this township in 1843, and are now residents of Wol- 
cottville. They have had seven children — Francis H., Mary R., Charles W., 
Nellie C, Ida E., Flora U., and John C, deceased. 

FRANCIS A. NEWNAM was born in Springfield Township, La Grange 
County, July 14, 1838. January 17, 1861, he married Eunice Kellogg, the 
daughter of Joseph and Adeline (Cory) Kellogg; she was born October 15, 1840, 
and, by her union with Mr. Newnam, has one child — Ora P., whose birth oc- 
curred on the 6th of August, 1873. Mr. Newnam is one in a family of fifteen, 
eight now living — Nicholas B., Rebecca, George W., Rachel A., Francis A., 
Samuel H., Sarah A. and Harriet. Francis, having attained the age of twenty- 
one, made a venture with $100, with which he partially paid for 120 acres in 
Springfield Township in Section 33, and sold the same eight years subsequently, 
when he bought his farm in this township, 200 acres, for $11,000. Mr. New- 
nam raises live stock, that aff(jrds another source of profit. The proceeds of his 
farm for 1879, were $3,000 ; for 1880, $3,000, and for 1881. $2,000. Mr. 
Newnam is a Republican ; charter member of the Regulator Society at Brushy 
Prairie, and has served as County Commissioner. His parents were Nicholas 
B. and Mary (Pickeron) Newnam. Mrs. Newnam's parents, Mr. and Mrs. 
Joseph Kellogg, came from their native State, New York, to Steuben County, 
in 1845, and resided until the dates of their death, respectively, 1876 and 1880. 

GEORGE W. NEWNAM was born in Talbot County, Md., May 20, 
1832, and is the son of N. B. and Mary (Pickeron) Newnam, who came to this 
county in November, 1836, and located in Section 16, Greenfield Township, 
where they erected a pole shanty, and lived that winter : then, in the summer 
of 1837, built a good log house, lived in that until 1850; then built a frame 
house, in which his son now lives and where he died December, 1877. aged 
seventy-five years nine months and nine days ; his wife died June 10, 1840, 
aged thirty-three years. George W. started out empty-handed when he reached 
his majority, and spent about five years in various pursuits. He well remem- 
bers following an Indian trail through the woods that led to a log schoolhouse, 
where he acquired a moderate education. He married, April 25, 1858. Eliza 
Ann Lucas, of Noble County, daughter of George Lucas, an early settler. In 
the fall of 1858, Mr. Newnam went to Steuben County, where he lived seven 
years ; then returned and settled on his present farm. He has dealt in stock 
to some extent, buying and shipping large numbers of hogs and sheep from this 
and adjoining counties. In the fall of 1880, he bought 150 head of sheep, kept 



422 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

thein four mouths, tlieu sold them at a net profit of $440. Mr. Newnam is a 
member of the Freemason Lodge. No. 380. There are three children — John 
B., George E. and Nicholas C. 

I. B. NEWNAM, son of G. P. and Clarissa (Stiirgis) Newnam, was born 
in this township, January 4, 1841. His father was a native of Talbot County, 
Md., born March 3, 1806, and his mother May 19, 1818. They were parents 
of three children — Julia A. (deceased), I. B., and Mary J., who is now the 
wife of George W. Sturgis and lives in Topeka, Kan. The father of the sub- 
ject being very much averse to slavery, at the age of thirty left Maryland and 
came to this township in 1836, in company with three brothers, and entered 
land in Section 33, where he resided until his death, November 21, 1878. His 
wife is still living with her son, the subject. He made a start in life with half 
of an old threshing machine; and after running it about two seasons, he traded 
it for a span of horses. He then farmed for his father on shares, and traded 
his team for the northeast quarter of Section 35, and came out $1,100 in debt. 
He is now a leading farmer, owns 200 acres of finely improved land, valued at 
about $15,000, and has put about $5,000 into buildings. His wind engine sup- 
plies four tanks and a hydrant with water. His education has been principally 
self-acquired. Ho niiirrieil Katie J. Childs February 7, 1860. She was born 
February 15, 1839. and is the daughter of Joseph and Mary (Likes) Childs, 
wlio were of English descent and natives of Wayne County, Ohio. They have 
three children — Harmer M., Mary J. and Clemma. 

JOHN B. NICHOLS, son of Samuel and Bachael (Shepardson) Nichols, 
was born in Vermont, November 2, 1805. Samuel Nichols, after farming a 
few years in New York, went to Ohio, where he died in 1870. Mrs. Nichols 
then went to Wisconsin with her daughter, where she died within a year. The 
subject had three brothers and two sisters, and went from New York to Monroe 
County. Mich., in 1833, where he purchased si.xty acres of land for $150, sub- 
sequently selling it for $1,100. Through one of the wild-cat banks that was 
organized about that time he lost nearly all his property. In 1840, Mr. Nich- 
ols located permanently in this township, paying $4.50 per acre for his land, 
and sold pork at H cents per pound and wheat at 37J cents per bushel to pay 
for it. Mr. Nichols was married, October 7, 1838, to Adeline M. Bartlett, a 
native of Oneida County, N. Y., who moved to Monroe County, Mich., with 
her parents, in 1831. They came to this township in 1841, and both died here, 
Mr. Bartlett in 1847 and Mrs. Bartlett in 1856. In 1853, Mr. Nichols adopted 
an infant child, Eugene Sprague. Mr. Nichols was one of the active Regu- 
lators and ever upholds the cause of the just. He owns 440 acres of land, is 
worth about $32,000 and pays $150 taxes, quite in contrast with, although as 
easily paid, as his $3 tax in 1840. In 1851, Mr. Nichols invested $200 in 
the old plank road, and subsequently $400 in the G. R. & I. road. 

L. C. NICHOLS was born June 4, 1811, in Chenango County, N. Y., 
a son of Samuel and Rachael (Shepardson) Nichols, natives of Vermont. They 
lived a few years in New York State and then moved to Ohio, where the 
senior Nichols died in 1870. Mrs. Nichols then moved to Wisconsin with her 
daughter, where she died the same year. L. C. Nichols began life for himself 
at the age of twenty by purchasing the old homestead farm, in company with 
his brother-in-law. By reason of failing health, he sold out to his partner, and 
soon after commenced raisinsi thoroughbred sheep on rented land. In about 
1835, he rented a dairy farm, conducting that business for a time. This he 
found unprofitable. About this time, the United States, or "Nick Biddle's 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 423 

Bank," as it was called, was refused a recharter by the United States Govern- 
ment. It was run by English capital and had become a power in the laod. 
The country was flooded with paper currency, which so depreciated in value 
that it carried financial ruin to a large number of the people, our subject among 
the rest. Becoming disgusted with his failure and the East, he started, in 
1842, for Wisconsin, but found his brother, John B., in Toledo, whom he 
joined and came to this township, where he has 120 acres of land and owns 
property valued at $10,000. July 4, 1849, he married Rebecca Sage. She 
died, in 1858, in Wisconsin. Four children were born to them — William S., 
Henry R., Ulilla and Anna B., the latter deceased. November 29, 1862, Mr. 
Nichols married Mrs. Harriet Cook, daughter of Samuel Fowler, of New York. 
Mrs. Nichols and the daughter are members of the Baptist Church. 

J. PYATT owns 200 acres of well-improved land in Section 33, of ttiis 
township. He is a native of Ohio, born in Seneca County, March 5, 1829. 
and first came to this county with his parents, Moses and Elizabeth (Parker) 
Pyatt, who were of French and Irish descent, in the fall of 1839, where they 
remained three years : then went to Kendall County, 111., resided three years 
and returned. The mother died May 9, 1866 ; her husband the :24th of the 
following June. Both were members of the Disciples' Church. The subject 
began working in the saw-mill at Milford at the age of twenty-one, receiving 
from $13 to $20 per month, and by the strictest economy he purchased a farm 
of eighty acres at $5 per acre, built a good frame house, and in the fiill of 1855 
was free from debt. January 1, 1856, he married Julia Swogger, daughter of 
Isaac and Susannah Swogger, natives of Ohio, of German descent. They 
have three children — Ada, who married Eugene Nichols December 26, 1875; 
Amanda and Charles W. For a period of about twenty years, he was never 
more than twenty-five miles away from home ; but October 30, 1876, he saw 
his neighbor, Mr. Acton, starting out, en route for the Centennial, and, with- 
out further ceremony, Mr. Pyatt concluded to accompany him, and did so, 
returning in time to vote for Tilden and Hendricks. Mr. Pyatt's property is 
estimated at about $24,000. 

AMIZIAH REED was born in Wayne County, Penn., August 17, 1817. 
His parents were David H. and Lydia (Bartlett) Reed, natives of Maine, of 
English descent : they went to Pennsylvania, in 1817, thence to Richland 
County, Ohio, in 1836; and, in 1852, came to this township, where the subject 
had located about two years previously. He was married October 14, 1849, to 
Elizabeth Reed, who was born in Richland County, Ohio, July 8, 1825, and 
soon after located on his farm of 122 acres in this township, which now presents 
an improved and thrifty appearance. His wife's parents were Bartholomew 
and Sylva Reed, natives of Maine, and of English descent. Mr. Reed has run 
a threshing machine for about fifteen years, and threshed the first clover seed in 
the county, that was raised on his farm in 1851. When at home, he worked 
at the carpenter's trade with his father, who was a carpenter and blacksmith, 
for about seven years, and his experiences have benefited him. He served 
satisfactorily as Township Treasurer, six years successively, and during the 
war, assisted in raising money to exempt the township draft. Their children 
are Albert, Amanda, Edward K., Christus C. (deceased) and George Dallas. 
The three oldest are married and living near home. 

JACOB ROSER, son of George and Susan (Pontious) Roser, was born in 
Stark County, Ohio, March 22, 1832. The father, George Roser, who was 
engaged in farming in Stark and Summit Counties, Ohio, died in May, 1870 ; 



424 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

his wife in December, 1872. They had seven children. The subject, at the 
age of twenty-one, came to Noble County, and commenced clearing a farm. He 
went back to Ohio, and in the following spring returned to make the West his 
permanent home. He located in Milford Township in the fall of 1862, where 
he now lives, and owns 105 acres of well improved land. He was married to 
Amelia Jane Ritter, March 23, 1868. She was born October 6, 1836 ; her 
parents, Isaac and Margaret (Kiser) Ritter, were of German descent, and her 
father was a cabinet maker. Mr. and Mrs. Roser have three children — George 
A., Cora S. and Dallas G. Mr. Roser's first vote was cast for James Buchanan. 

JACOB SIGLER is the owner of 120 acres in the southeast quarter of 
Section 7, this township. He is a son of Michael and Mary (Soles) Sigler, of 
German and English descent, and natives of Pennsylvania. Michael Sigler 
was born April 13, 1790, and was the seventh son, and served in the war of 
1812 as a cavalryman. In October, 1820. he moved to Ashland County, 
Ohio, and lived there until his death, April, 1866. Jacob Sigler is the eldest 
of sixteen children, nine of whom are now living, and when eighteen years old 
began working for himself, and at the age of twenty-one was able to purchase 
80 acres of land in Wood County, Ohio. He was born February 19. 1813, at 
8 o'clock A. M., and was married Thursday, February 20, 1834, to Miss Mary 
Clark, born March 7, 1808, in Indiana. Her parents, George and Mary Clark, 
came to America from Ireland. The subject, about a year after his marriage, 
built a log house on his farm, where they lived more than eighteen years. 
Mr. Sigler, while in Ohio, served as Township Trustee, two years ; Clerk, two 
years, and School Director, twelve years. He came to this township and pur- 
chased his present farm June 2, 1853. His property is valued at about 
$15,000. He filled the ofiice of Justice of the Peace eight years, and School 
Director and Pathmaster several terms. He has visited eight States in his 
travels, is a Democrat, a member of the Masonic Order, No. 380, and with his 
wife a member of the Baptist Church. They have had seven children — Eliza 
A., born May 27, 1836; Mary J., June 26, 1838; and Margaret E., Septem- 
ber 11, 1839, all deceased; David C, born December 26, 1840; Jasper N., 
May 11, 1842; Michael W., March 23, 1844, and Sarah M., April 17, 1843. 
all married and living in comfortable circumstances. 

H. J. VESEY is a native of Vermont, as were also his parents, William 
and Adeline (Copland) Vesey, his birth occurring October 19, 1834. They 
came West to Geauga County, Ohio, in 1834 ; his father, in 1835, bought land 
in Elkhart County, Ind., and returned to Ohio; his five children, in the spring 
of 1836, accompanied by their uncle, came and located on the land, but the fa- 
ther was detained in Ohio by the illness of his wife, that resulted in her death. 
He then joined his family in Elkhart County, where he died in 1873. At the 
age of eighteen, H. J. Vesey paid $150 for his time until twenty-one, and, in 
1853, began attending school at Ontario, working at any available employment 
during the remainder of the time. He has paid special attention to grafting, 
and for thirty-four years has worked at that during the spring season, traveling 
through Canada and seventeen of the States. In 1858, Mr. Vesey traded land 
in Fillmore County, Minn., that he bought in 1851, for 120 acres of his farm 
in this township. He now owns 302 acres, which are improved with many fine 
buildings ; property valued at $20,000. In connection with farming, he raises 
live-stock, having, in the fall of 1881. 510 sheep for the spring market. August 
6, 1857, Mr. Vesey and Helen E. Smith were united in marriage. She was 
born December 14, 1839, and is the daughter of Joseph H. and Margaret 



MILFORD TOWNSHIP. 425 

(Robinson) Smith, natives of New York, who went to Michigan at an early day. 
Mr. and Mrs. Vesey have four children — Maggie A., now Mrs. Charles Sears ; 
Lottie E., now Mrs. George McKibben ; Lydia C. and Sylvester T. Mr. Ve- 
sey has been a member of the Masonic Order. 

DANIEL WERT was born in Stark County, Ohio, November 18, 1828. 
His father, Jacob Wert, was born in 1799 in Pennsylvania, and came to Ohio 
with his parents in 180-4 ; thence to this State in 1852, where he has since lived. 
He is now with Daniel, his second son, and is eighty-two years old. His first 
wife, the subject's mother, died June 5, 1868 ; her maiden name was Susanna 
Baum ; she was born in Ohio in 1807 ; his second wife — Elizabeth Walker, a 
native of Ohio — is now visiting in the West. Daniel Wert commenced work- 
ing by the month when about twenty-one years old, and, after he had accumu- 
lated $325, came to Indiana in 1853, and located in De Kalb County. He 
returned to Ohio the following spring, and was married March 19, 1854, to 
Eliza Miller ; they then returned to Indiana, where Mr. Wert for about two 
years ran a saw-mill ; then some eight months worked in a mill near Goshen in 
Elkhart County ; then came to this township and settled on his fine farm of 340 
acres, where he has remained, and has been operating the first saw-mill built 
in the township. He spent about twelve years dressing and fulling cloth. 
When only six years old, with his brother, aged eight, he took charge of a saw- 
mill, and of a carding-machine part of the time ; he has property now, valued 
at about $21,000. j\Ir. Wert is a Democrat, and a worthy and prosperous citi- 
zen. His wife was born in Green Town, Summit County, Ohio, July 16, 1835; 
her parents were Benjamin and Margaret A. (Diffenderfer) Miller, natives of 
Pennsylvania and of German ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. Wert have had seven 
children — Mary (deceased), Lucinda, Isaac, Emma (deceased), Horace (deceased), 
Carrie and Dallas. Lucinda married Cyrus Wright. 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 

JOHN H. APPLEMAN, son of Jacob and Jane (Harris) Appleman, 
was born in Washington County, Penn., August 10, 1815. Jacob Appleman 
was a tailor, and had a family of thirteen, eight boys and five girls. When 
John was still quite young, his parents moved to Wayne County, Ohio, where 
his father died about 1851. About the year 1827, he moved to Richland 
County, Ohio, with his mother, and lived with his uncle, William Pool, until 
twenty-one years old. September 20, 1836, he was married to Miss Mary A. 
Doe, who was born in Stillwater, N. Y., May 20, 1818. William and Anna 
(Hilton) Doe were her parents, the former a native of Bangor, Me., the latter 
of New York. By this marriage Mr. Appleman had six children, two of whom 
are living — Squire H. and John W. In 1849, October 11, Mrs. Appleman 
died, and January 7, 1851, Mr. A. married Miss Sarah J. Doe, a half-sister of 
his former wife. She was born in Richland County, Ohio, July 30, 1828, and 
was the daughter of William and Elizabeth (Amsbaugh) Doe. They have six 
children— William E., Albert G., Ira R., Charles M., Julia E. and Elma S. 
Mr. Appleman located in Springfield Township, this county, in 1840, paying 
all he had — $60 — on eighty acres of land, and, by persistent energy, succeeded 
in making a home for himself and family, and increased his land to 700 acres. 
He removed to this township in April, 1875, and bought the farm where he 



426 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

lives at the present writing. Mr. Appleman was a prominent member of the 
Regulators in this county. 

MYRON ATWATER is the ehlest of four children in the family of 
Thomas S. and Hannah (Enos) At water. The former, a native of New York, 
was a blacksmith by trade, and followed that occupation in early life. In the 
fall of 1855 he came to Lima Township, and purchased 200 acres of land, and 
died in 1872. Mrs. Hannah Atwater died at the same place in 1875; she was 
born in Pennsylvania, and both were members of the Free-Will Baptist Church. 
Myron Atwater bought the farm of 160 acres in this township in the spring of 
of 18t)5, and, February 11, 1867, was married to Miss Ann Brinley. They 
have had seven children, of whom five are living — Nellie, Thomas, Mary, 
Jessie and Walter. Mrs. Atwater was born in Ashland County, Ohio, January 
8, 1842, her husband's birth occurring the same year, on the 28th of October, 
in Luzerne County, Penn. Her mother, Elizabeth (Guysinger) Brinley, was 
born in Maryland, while her father was a native of Pennsylvania ; in their 
family were ten children. Mr. and Mrs. Atwater are members of the Free- 
Will Baptist Church, and he is a Democrat, being one of the prominent and 
enterprising citizens of the township. 

ROSWELL D. BABCOCK, born June 13, 1819, in Grand Isle, Vt., is the 
youngest of seven children of Elias and Lucy (Demery) Babcock, the former a 
native of Norwich, Conn., born February 2, 1777, the latter of Dartmouth, 
born May 22, same year. Elias Babcock served at the battle of Plattsburg, in 
the war of 1812, and the subject has in his possession a powder-horn carried 
by his father on that memorable occasion. Elias Babcock moved to Hunting- 
ton County, Quebec, in 1829, proceeding, in 1831, to St. John's, Canada, 
where he was employed in getting out ship timber. In 1833, he went to Geauga 
County, Ohio, purchased ninety acres, built a cabin and began clearing. Here 
his death occurred, July 2, 1859. Mrs. Lucy Babcock died there March 1, 
1874. Roswell D. Babcock and Mrs. Hetty A. (Abramson) Hamblin were 
married in Geauga County, Ohio, April 24, 1845, and came to Bloomfield, this 
county, in 1846, where he worked by the day and farmed on shares until 1852, 
when he received eighty acres of the old yVbrarason homestead. He sold out 
and moved to La Grange in 1860, and has lived on his present farm since he 
bought it in 1863. Mr. Babcock, since 1853, has been a member of the A., F. 
& A. M. They have three children — Lucy J., now Mrs. Sanders ; Francis 
W., and Charlotte F., now Mrs. Spidel. All belong to the Lutheran Church. 
Mrs. Babcock was born in Rockland County, N. Y., April 6, 1822, and her 
parents were natives of New York. Her father, Halstead Abramson, was 
born August 16, 1794, and her mother, Elizabeth Van Houten, November 8, 
1796; the former was a soldier in the war of 1812, and came to Bloomfield 
Township, this county, in 1845 ; bought a farm of 240 acres, where he lived 
until his death, October 25, 1852; his wife died May 6, 1857, and both were 
buried on the old farm. 

JOSIAII T. BOWEN is a native of Bedford County, Penn., born July 
7, 1819. He went with his parents, Jacob W. and Rachel (Kiten) Bowen, to 
Stark County, Ohio, in 1820 ; they were both natives of Bedford County, 
Penn. Jacob VV. Bowen was a soldier in the war of 1812. He was a carpen- 
ter and came to this township in 1851, where he lived until his death, in 1860. 
Mrs. Rachel Bowen died in 1870. Josiah T. Bowen learned the clothier's trade 
in Holmes County, Ohio, in 1839, and was there married, October 5, 1843, to 
Miss Catherine A. Garmire, a native of the same county. Mr. Bowen bought 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 427 

eighty acres of wooded land in this township when he came here, in 1847. In 
1852, he sold his farm and moved to Illinois but' returned the same year and 
bought 1(30 acres, built a log cabin and commenced clearing. Mr. Bowen is 
living on this farm ami has largely increased its value by numerous improve- 
ments ; he takes especial pride in keeping good horses. In 1861, he was 
elected Justice of the Peace, and served four years ; he also served as Trustee 
when three constituted the board. Mr. Bowen is a prominent Republican and 
was an active worker among the Regulators ; he is a member of the Lutheran 
Church. Their family numbers nine children — Minerva A. (now Mrs. C. M. 
Barrows), Sarah R. (now Mrs. Benjamin Giggv), Lucinda E. (now Mrs. J. 
Slack), Alvin W., Mary E. (now Mrs. S. Roy), Mott A., Edith M., Morton 
E. and Frank B. 

.JAMES BOYD, Jr., is the son of James and Mary (Yowler) Boyd, the 
former a native of Scotland and the latter of Germany. James was born May 
17, 1801, in Somerset County, Penn., and married on the 20th of March, 
1831, to Catharine Engle, of the same nativity as her husband, her birth oc- 
curring on February 29, 1812. Her parents were Peter and Barbara (Gar- 
lets) Engle, of Pennsylvania. Mr. Boyd, in 1836, moved to Tuscarawas 
County, Ohio, immigrating to Elkhart Township, Noble County, Ind., where 
he cleared si.xty acres of land for William Collt, receiving in return a deed for 
120 acres of land in this township, where he built a cabin in October, 1854, 
and began clearing. It is yet the home of Mr. Boyd, and is well improved. 
Mrs. Catherine Boyd died February 6, 1881, in her sixty-ninth year. She, 
with Mr. Boyd, belonged to the German Baptist Church. They were the par- 
ents of eighteen children, fourteen of whom are yet living. One son, Arion, 
died about twelve years ago, leaving a wife and five children. Those living 
are Delilah (now Mrs. Frick), Easton, Harrison, Edward, John, James, Peter, 
Jacob, Douglass, Urias, Philip, Elizabeth (now Mrs. Cary Frisby), Mary (now 
Mrs. McBeth), and Corrinda (now Mrs. Coager). 

JOHN BOYD, son of James and Catharine (Engle) Boyd, was born in 
Tuscarawas County, Ohio, June 24, 1838. His parents were natives of Som- 
erset County, Penn. The subject, from the time he was twenty, worked on a 
salary until in August, 1862, when he enlisted in Company B, Eighty-eighth 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was in the battle at Perryville, Ky., and 
served with his regiment until discharged for disability. After his marriage, 
March 2, 1865, at Albion, he farmed two years in Noble County, then came to 
where he is now living, in this township. He farmed two years, then worked 
at carpentering until 1875, when he took a contract of improving 700 acres of 
land in the northeast part of the township, returning to his farm in the spring 
of 1880. Mr. Boyd is one of the inventors of a patent buggy-top adjuster, 
and also invented a patent hay rack. Mr. and Mrs. Boyd are members of the 
German Baptist Church, and parents of seven children, viz., Es'tella, Alma, 
Dayton, Canton, Ann E., Clarence and Bessie E. Mrs. Amanda Boyd is the 
daughter of Michael and Mary (Colt) Landis, natives of Ohio, and parents of 
three children. She was born in Eden Township, this county, on the 15th of 
September, 1846. 

HIRAM CARNAHAN is the son of Samuel and Mary A. (Marshone) 
Carnahan, natives of Pennsylvania and Greene County, Ohio ; the birth of 
the former occurring April 15, 1813, and that of the latter May 14th of the 
same year. In 1835, Samuel Carnahan moved to Greene County, Ohio, 
where he was married. In his youth he worked several years on the Lower 



428 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

Mississippi, near New Orleans. In 1841, came to Lima Township, where he 
was employed in the Grannis Mills, and bought 40 acres of unimproved land 
in Clay Township ; built a house and began clearing. In this house Hiram 
Carnahan was born December 6, 1842. His father returned to the South, but 
made a brief sojourn. In 184.5, he sold his farm and bought another of 100 
acres in same township, where he died November 5, 1867, having increased 
his land to 340 acres. Mrs. Carnahan died at the same place January 18, 
1878. Hiram Carnahan lived at home until after his father's death. Novem- 
ber 13, 1869, he was married to Orvilla Tedrick, who was born September 18, 
1847, in Bloomfield Township, this county. They had two children — Jacob 
S., who died September 25, 1873, and Carrie May. Mr. Carnahan bought 
the farm of 81 acres where he now -lives, in 1870. It is part of the old home- 
stead and is well improved. Mr. and Mrs. Carnahan belong to the M. P. 
Church. He has served as Assessor three years. Mrs. Carnahan's flither, 
Jacob Tedrick, was born in Maryland ; and her mother, Sarah (Rathburn) 
Tedrick, in Licking County, Ohio. 

SAMUEL CARNAHAN, Jr., was born in this township March lt», 
1844, son of Samuel and Mary A. (Marshone) Carnahan, natives of Pennsyl- 
vania and Ohio. Samuel Carnahan, Sr., came to Lima Township, this county, 
in 1841; bought land, then returned to the South, where he had previously 
worked near New Orleans, returning to this township; November 5, 1867, he 
died at his home; his wife followed him January 18, 1878. The subject, after 
attaining his majority, worked out for two years, and in 1868, bought 71 
acres of land in this township, where he now lives. Mrs. Carnahan was born 
in Elkhart County, Ind., May 1, 1852, and was one of five children in the 
family of Costain and Andalusia (Gould) Rathburn, and was married to 
Samuel Carnahan, January 12, 1871. Her mother was a native of New York; 
her father, of Ohio. He came to Bloomfield Township, this county, in 1844, 
remained about seven years, then went into Elkhart County, but returned 
later to La Grange County, where he died November 19, 1875. Four chil- 
dren — Lester, Charles, Clara E. and Rachel A. — constitute the family of Mr. 
and Mrs. Carnahan. Mr. Carnahan is a stanch Republican, and he and wife 
are active members of the M. P. Church. 

MRS. ELIZABETH DANSER was born in Fayette County, Penn.. 
November 2, 1813, daughter of Joseph and Fannie (Shaw) Hindraan, wiio 
came to the United States from Ireland when small children. They moved to 
Monongalia County, Va., when Elizabeth was about fourteen, and where Mr. 
Hindman died June 11, 1847, and Mrs. Hindman in 1864 or 1865. They 
were parents of two daughters. Elizabeth Hindman was married at Morgan- 
town, Va., December 13, 1834, to Elijah Danser, who was born in New Jersey, 
May 8, 1808, and taken by his parents to Monongalia County, Va. He learned 
the wheelwright trade, carpentering and cabinet-making, and was employed in 
the manufacture and sale of pumps for some time. He also worked at con- 
tracting and building, and furnished a large part of the flagging for the city of 
Cleveland and stone for piers in Cleveland Harbor. He owned boats on the 
Ohio & Erie Canal, and shipped quantities of stone to Canada and Cleveland. 
Mr. Danser moved to Wayne County, Ohio, and then, in 1835, to Cuyahoga 
County, Ohio, where he lived until he came to La Grange, in 1855. The fall 
following, he moved on the farm where Mrs. Danser now lives. He died, while 
engaged in clearing and improving his farm, August 13, 1860. Mr. Danser 
was a good citizen, respected by all who knew him. Mr. and Mrs. Danser had 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 429 

two children. One — Joseph H. — was a soldier in the late war, and went out 
as First Lieutenant of Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 
in 1861. He was promoted to the Captaincy in November, 1862. At the 
battle of Stone River he was wounded in the hip, in consequence of which he 
resigned his commission and returned home in 1863. Previous to entering the 
army he had taught several terms of school and studied law with Dr. Kennedy, 
of La Grange. After returning, he was admitted to the bar, but was unable 
to practice his profession on account of ill-health, which finally resulted in his 
death, at the home of his mother, October 8, 18t)5. The other child — Sarah 
J. — became Mrs. J. B. Pratt on the 9th of December, 1858. She has two 
children— Willma C, now Mrs. William H. Selby, married May 26, 1880, and 
Robert L. B. Mrs, Selby has one child — Cora. All are living together on 
the homestead farm in this township. 

FRANKLIN DAVIS is the son of Sylvester and Hannah (Daggett) 
Davis, of Massachusetts. Sylvester Davis served in the war of 1812, was 
married in New York, and had a family of five children. He lived a pioneer's 
life in the States of New York, Ohio, Indiana, Iowa and Kansas. In Geauga 
County, Ohio, Franklin Davis was born, June 16, 1827, and Mrs. Hannah 
Davis died in 1832. In 1844, the elder Mr. Davis came to this township, 
and bought the farm where the subject now lives. In 1850, he went to Iowa, 
and from there to Kansas, about the time of the breaking-out of the " Border 
Ruffian " war, in which he took an active part. At one time, while staying 
with his nephew, the house was attacked, and twenty-seven bullet-holes made 
in one door. No damage but a slight injury to his nephew. Mr. Davis re- 
turned to Iowa, where he died, in his seventy-ninth year. In politics, he was 
first a Whig, then an Abolitionist, and afterward a Republican. His religious 
views were as many as his politics, he being in turn a Universalist, Disciple 
and an Adventist. The subject lived with his Grandfather Daggett, in New- 
York, from the age of seven to sixteen ; then went to Ohio, and remained two 
years, coming to La Grange County in 1845, where he rented and operated a 
saw-mill for several years. In 1851, he bought the farm where he is now re- 
siding. His wife, Mrs. Elizabeth (Elliott) Davis, is a native of Wayne County, 
Ohio, born October 25, 1826. They were married on the 1st of January, 
1850, and seven of their children are living; three being deceased. Those 
living are William S., Clary L. (now Mrs. Barrows), Chloe (now Mrs. Sams), 
Caroline S. (now Mrs. Bulock), Frank S., Lizzie N. and Gusta A. Clary and 
Ciiloe are twins. They also have taken into their family a little niece — Mary 
M. Elliott. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are members of the M. P. Church. Mrs. 
Davis' parents were William and Lydia A. (Spidle) Elliott, of Pennsylvania. 
Mr. Davis was Township Trustee two years, and for the twenty-seven past 
years has been class-leader in the church. 

EMANUEL FLECK isanativeof Tuscarawas County, Ohio, and in his 
twenty-second year, in 1855, came to La Porte, Ind., and learned the carpenter's 
trade. In November, 1856, he returned to Ohio, with .fl52, and purchased 
carpenter's tools. February 19, 1857, he married Miss Savillah Fisher, came 
to Indiana March 27, 1865, and bought a farm in Clay Township, on which 
was an old water-power saw-mill. He used this mill until October, 1806, 
when he built a new one on the same site. In 1870, he built a grist-mill, 
but the water proving insufficient, he put in an engine in 1871, and 
built a new circular saw-mill. He is the owner of the "Model Mills," 
known as Fleck's Mill, with a saw-mill containing planing, joining 



430 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

and edging machines. He also owns the right of a patent hay-rack, 
for Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and all territory west of the Mississippi River, 
and is one of the inventors of a patent buggy-top attachment. His farm 
is well improved, and a new frame residence has just been completed. He in- 
troduced the cultivation of German prunes in the county, and is the inventor 
of a fruit-tree protector. The sprmg of 1867, he was elected Justice of the 
Peace, and held the office eight years : served as Trustee, and was re-elected 
in 1878. The following children were born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio ; 
Henrietta, born April 30, 1858, died in March, 1880 ; Laura Ann, May 28, 
1859; George Washington. August 4, 1860 ; Amanda Jane, October 7, 1861 ; 
Oliver Leander, June 7, 1863 ; and Israella, November 16, 1864 ; those born 
in La Grange County — Samuel Peter, December 20, 1866; Curtis Wise, Sep- 
tember 21, 1869 ; Burt, January 16, 1872 ; Helen Izora, July 3, 1875 ; Harry 
B., January 29, 1877 ; Rollen, December 27, 1879, and an infant daughter, 
who died February 21, 1874. 

SETH FORD came in 1856 to Clay Township with his parents, Jared 
ford, a native of Massachusetts, born in September, 1808, and Rebecca (Ring- 
er) Ford, who was born in December, 1810, in Maryland. They were par- 
ents of four boys and three girls ; and, upon their arrival in this county, the 
•elder Mr. Ford bought the farm that his son Seth now manages, and owns also 
property in La Grange. He took an active part in the Regulator movement 
of this county, and was a member of the M. E. Church in his younger days. 
He died at La Grange on the 3d of May, 1881, at which place Mrs. Rebecca 
Ford yet resides. The subject, Seth Ford, was united to Miss Catharine Selby 
in marriage May 3, 1860. Her parents were Luke and Mary A. (Kissinger) 
Selby. The former was a native of Ashland County, Ohio, where Catharine 
■was iDorn September 29, 1835. Mary Selby was a native of Maryland; Mr. 
Ford was born in Wayne County, N. Y., March 23, 1836. They are mem- 
bers in good standing of the Methodist Church. Mr. Ford bought the farm 
where he now lives in 1858. It has fine improvements and good buildings. 

CARY R. FRISBEY came to Noble County with his parents in 1842, 
■and in 1844 moved to Lima Township, this county. His father, John Frisbey, 
was born in Luzerne County, Penn. ; he was a soldier in the war of 1812, and 
was married in June, 1817, to Mary A. Van Clief, a native of Morgan County, 
Ohio. She died at her home in Lima Township, in November, 1854 ; Mr. 
Frisbey then moved to this township, where he died in October, 1859. C. R. 
Frisbey was born February 2, 1836, in Morgan County, Ohio. He went to 
Wisconsin in 1855, returning to this county the following year ; September 30, 
1861, he enlisted in Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and 
was in battle at Fort Donelson. Being unfit for service he was discharged July 
17, 1862, at Battle Creek, Tenn., and returned to La Grange. September 30, 
1864, Mr. Frisbey re-enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Forty-second 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and participated in the battle at Nashville. July 
'8, 1865, they were mustered out at Nashville, and Mr. Frisbey returned to In- 
diana. In 1864, April 2, he was married to Julia F. Osborn, who died Sep- 
tember 22, 1864. He married Miss Elizabeth Boyd October 27, 1867, a na- 
tive of Noble County, and bought the farm where he now lives, in February, 
1868. They have two children — Erie S. and Minnie M. Mr. Frisbey is a 
raember of the Free-Will Baptist Church, and Mrs. Frisbey of the German Bap- 
tist. He was Deputy County Treasurer for about nine years, and six years 
served as Assessor and Real Estate Appraiser ; he now fulfills the duties as 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 431 

Justice of the Peace, to which office he was elected in June, 1879. Mr. Fris- 
bey has taught sixteen terras of school, and has conducted a singing school for 
twenty-three years ; for five years he was local correspondent of the La Grange 
Statidanh and has written two years for the La Grange Register. 

SARAH S. (BOWEN) GARMIRE was born in Stark County, Ohio, May 
11, 1826. Her parents were Jacob W. and Rachel (Oldem) Bowen, both born 
near Pittsburgh, Penn. They were parents of twelve children, six boys and 
six girls. The Bowens are of English descent ; two brothers, William and 
David, came to America during Queen Anne's war, William settling in South 
Carolina and David in Pennsylvania ; from the last named Mrs. Garmire is a 
descendant. Her marriage with Samuel Garmire took place in Stark County, 
Ohio, March 13, 1845, and they came to this township and settled in Septem- 
ber, 1848. Mr. Garmire bought eighty acres of land, and set out an orchard 
on his first clearing the following spring, having bought sixteen apple trees in 
La Grange in the fall, and had them buried during the winter. They are still 
bearing. Mr. and Mrs. Garmire had six children. William S. died Septem- 
ber 17, 1865; Jacob A. died April 3, 1854 ; Jonathan F.; Amanda J., now 
Mrs. George Slack ; Mary E., now Mrs. Squire Beech, and Martha, who died 
in infancy. Mr. Garmire died at his home January 28, 1878, and had he 
live<l until the 15th of the following June, would have completed his sixtieth 
year. He had been for many years a member of the Lutheran Church, of which 
he was also Deacon. Mr. and Mrs. Garmire were charter members when that 
society was organized at La Grange. Mr. Garmire was Township Assessor a 
number of terms, and was always a devoted husband and father. 

JONATHAN GARMIRE, son of Samuel and Sarah (Bowen) Garmire, 
is a native of this township, born September 4, 1849. He married Miss Eliza- 
beth Fuller August 24, 1875. Her father, Cyrus Fuller, was a native of Cold- 
water, Mich., and her mother, Mary A. (Rowe) Fuller, of Ohio; Elizabeth was 
their only child. Mr. and Mrs. Garmire belong to the Lutheran Church. 
Their only child. Earl C, was born August 24, 1876. 

WILLIAM GARMIRE, Jr., is the son of William Garmire, who was 
born May 12, 1788, near Hagerstown, Md. In his younger days, he followed 
flat-boating on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, from Pittsburgh to New Orleans. 
About 1812 or 1813, he was married at Greensburgh, Penn., to Sarah Addle- 
man, a native of Greene County, born August 23, 1796. In 1825, they moved 
to Holmes County, Ohio, where Mr. Garmire, Sr., purchased a farm. In 1863, 
he came to this county, where he lived a farmer's life until the time of his 
demise, January 7, 1879. Mrs. Sarah Garmire died in same place March 6, 
1870. They had nine children, and both were prominent members of the 
Lutheran Church. William Garmire, Jr., the subject, learned carpentering in 
Benton, Holmes Co., Ohio, beginning in 1834. He worked at his trade in 
Iowa from the spring to fall of 1837, continuing from that time in Holmes 
County, Ohio, until he moved to Seneca County in 1848. During the winter 
of 1844-45, he worked in the cabinet shop of John Miller, at Fort Wayne, 
Ind. In February, 1845, he came to La Grange, and, in company with his 
brother, ran a cabinet shop until 1847, when he began farming on eighty acres 
of unimproved land in this township. This he sold after five years, and bought 
another eighty, only to sell in the following year, 1853, when he went to Illi- 
nois with the intent to locate, but returned that same year, and has since farmed 
one hundred and thirty-five acres in this township. The present Mrs. Garmire 
was Barbara E. Stromen, whom he married on the 2d of April, 1872. She 



432 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

was the daughter of Charles and Rebecca (Dukes) Stromen ; born in Summit 
County, Ohio, February 23, 1837. The former Mrs. Garmire died in this 
township February 24, 1870, leaving four children, viz.: James M., William 
M., Elizabeth A., now Mrs. Holsinger; and Josiah F. She came to the United 
States with her parents, David and Catharine Shultz, from Wurtemberg, Ger- 
many, where their daughter Catharine was born July 24, 1824. She married 
Mr. Garmire October 18, 1842, in Holmes County, Ohio. Mr. Garmire was 
foreman of the Board of Township Trustees for six years, and Assessor six 
years. Himself and wife belong to the Lutheran Church. He is a native of 
Greene County, Penn.; born September 22, 1816. 

BENJAMIN GIGGY came to the United States with his parents, Bene- 
dict and Christina Giggy, in 1852. He was born August 29, 1844, in Canton 
Berne, Switzerland, and was one of five children. In Boston, Summit Co., 
Ohio, during the year 1853, he worked for $7 per month. Coming to this 
township in 1854, he was engaged in farm work for John Ray, and attended 
school until 185^'. The three following years he worked at the stone mason's 
trade with his father. In August, 1863, he enlisted in Company G, Eighty- 
eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but at Fort Wayne was taken down with 
lung fever, and was not able to report for six weeks. He was then furnished 
transportation to Louisville, Ky., where he was again attacked with lung fever, 
and in December returned home. In the spring of 1864, he enlisted in Com- 
pany H, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until the war 
closed. During his last three months of service he was detailed as clerk at 
Gen. Gillen's headquarters. District East Tennessee, and was mustered out at 
Nashville September 25, 1865. August 12, 1866, Mr. Giggy and Miss Sarah 
Bowen were united in marriage. She is a native of Holmes County, Ohio ; 
born September 26, 1846. They have had seven children, viz.: May, Ella C, 
Alonzo B., Clara C, Clyde, Ray (died August 14, 1880), and Carl. Mr. 
Giggy purchased forty acres of his fiirm in 1864, and the other forty in 1871, 
and its improved condition is mainly due to his efforts. 

CHRISTIAN GIGGY, one of the leading citizens of his township, came 
to America in the spring of 1851, in company with his sister Ellen, now Mrs. 
John Roy. He is a son of Benedict and Christina (Snyder) Giggy, who were 
parents of three boys and two girls, and was born in Canton Berne, Switzer- 
land, February 1, 1832. Mrs. Christian Giggy is also a native of the same 
place, born in July, 1818. She married Mr. Giggy in Summit County, Ohio, in 
August, 1851. She was Ellen Burkhalter, daughter of John and Barbary 
(Pfiefer) Burkhalter. parents of ten children. Mr. Giggy landed in New York, 
went to Cleveland, Ohio, remained a few days working in a foundry, then went 
to Peninsula, Summit County^, Ohio, where he worked in a stone quarry for a 
time, then in a saw-mill, and farmed two years. He came to this township in 
1855, and worked at the stone mason's trade in connection with farming. In 
1859, he bought twenty acres of improved land, that he sold in 1862, and 
bought the farm of one hundred and fifteen, where he now lives. Mr. and 
Mrs. Giggy are members of the Lutheran Church, and have a family of five 
children — Mary E., Rosanna (now Mrs. Hart), Charles W., Oscar L. and 
Sarah R. 

JOHN GIGGY is a native of Canton Berne, Switzerland, where he was 
born May 14, 1838. He came to America with his parents, Benedict and 
Christina (Snyder) Giggy, in December, 1852. Benedict Giggy was a soldier in 
Switzerland for twenty-one years. -John Giggy worked in a cotton factory at 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 433 

Pittsburgh, Penn., for three months, immediately after his arrival, receiving $5 
per week ; he then went to Summit County, Ohio, where he worited as a stone- 
mason, and farmed two years ; wages from $15 to $17 per month. In 1854, 
Mr. Giggy came to this township, and worked for $10 per month, until he was 
married, October 11, 1858, to Samantha Hart. He then bought a small farm 
near South Milford, which he sold in 1861, and returned to this township. 
August 28, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer 
Infantry, and in December, crossed the Ohio into Kentucky ; was at the battle 
of Fort Donelson, and was wounded at Shiloh, and was sent to the hospital at 
Evansville, Ind., then home on a discharge furlough. In June, 1862, he re- 
ported at Indianapolis, but was ordered back home ; he returned again in July, 
however., remained three or four weeks at the soldiers' home, then started South 
and rejoined his regiment at Murfreesboro, and in the battle at Chickamauga 
was wounded in the hip. September 19, 1863, after which he walked back to 
Bridgeport, Ala., using a bed slat for a crutch, being three days on the road, and 
having nothing to eat all that time but three crackers. From there he was sent 
to the hospital at Nashville ; remained about one month, then came home on a 
furlough. December 31, 1863, he again rejoined his regiment at Chattanooga, 
and re-enlisted in the same company as a veteran, participating in all the 
marches and engagements until they were mustered out at Indianapolis in 
October, 1865. Mr. Giggy then returned to his farm that he purchased in 
1862, and worked as a stone mason in connection with farming. In 1872, he 
sold his farm, and in 1873, purchased the old homestead, where he now lives. 
Mr. and Mrs. Giggy have a family of nine children — Ellen J. (now Mrs. Rowen), 
John H., Anna B., Emma R., Agnes, George F., Fred C, William M., and an 
infant unnamed. 

JAMES GREEN is a native of the city of New York, and went to 
Columbiana County, Ohio, in about 1833, where he was married. May 28, 
1842, to Miss Ann Brown, a native of Loudoun County, Va. In 1848 or 1849, 
he came to Clay Township, and bought 120 acres of timbered land, which he 
afterward cleared. The log cabin which he occupied when he first came to the 
county is still standing. In 1851, he built the first steam saw-mill in the 
township. This was burned in 1866, and rebuilt that year on the same site, a 
circular saw being substituted for the rauley saw in the other mill. During the 
first year after coming here, they suffered a great deal from chills and fever, in 
getting acclimated, and experienced the other trials during the early history of 
the county. Of a family of nine children, only three are living, viz., Lucinda 
J., now Mrs. Cherry; Mary W., now Mrs. Doney ; and Icey V. Mr. Green 
owns 200 acres of land, and is a man of sterling abilities, and a first-class farmer 
in all respects. 

GEORGE W. HOFF was born in Johnson Township, this county, March 
3, 1849. In 1873, he purchased the farm in this township where he is now 
living. Mr. Hoff has taught ten terras of school in this county, teaching his 
first term in Greenfield Township, in 1868. He was married to Miss Anna C. 
Lampman in 1876. They have a family of two children — Nellie R. and Festus 
E. Mr. Hoff is a member of the Methodist Church, and, in 1874, he was ap- 
pointed to the distinction of Deputy Appraiser. 

JONAS KAUFFMAN owns a farm of 140 acres in Clay, that he pur- 
chased in 1864, after selling a 200-acre farm in this same township, where he 
had lived in a little log cabin ten years. Previous to making his first purchase 
here, in 1854, Mr. Kauffman, in company with three others, was operating a 



434 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

saw-mill, built by them in Newbury Township, this county. Mr. Kauffman is 
the son of Stephen and Martha (Miller) Kauffman, who immigrated to Indiana 
in 1844, and cleared forty acres of land in Elkhart County. Here Mrs. Kauff- 
man died in 1854, and her husband four years later. Both were natives of 
Pennsylvania. They had a family of four girls and four boy.s. Jonas Kauff- 
man married Mary J. Scherraerhorn March 28, 1852. She is a native of 
Stark County and her husband of Holmes County, Ohio. He was born 
August 10, 1826. They have eight children — Julia A., Mary M. (now Mrs. 
Sheldon Robbins), Laura A., Sarah A., Ada I., Chancey M., Gusta J. and 
Luther J. Mrs. Kauffraan's father, Michael Schermerhorn, was born in Ger- 
many, and his wife, Elizabeth (McKibbin), in Ireland. Mr. Kauffman worked 
at the carpenter's trade from the time he was eighteen years old until 1850. 
He is a member of the German Baptist Church. 

EDWARD M. KEASEY is a native of Fairfield County, Ohio, and the 
son of Christian and Elizabeth (Rhodes) Keasey, the former a native of Maine, 
the latter of Maryland. They were married in Fairfield County, Ohio, and 
were parents of nine children. In the fall of 1841, they made preparations 
to start for Indiana, but on the eve of their departure Christian Keasey was 
stricken with an attack of pleurisy, and lived but two weeks. About three 
months afterward, his widow came to Newbury Township, this county, with her 
family, and bought eighty acres of land, where they built a log cabin and com- 
menced clearing. Ten years later, Mrs. Keasey sold this place and bought a 
farm in this township, where she lived ten years, then removed to Lima Town- 
ship with her son Ezra, who cared for her until her death, November 14, 1872, 
and inherited her property. Christian Keasey and wife were members of the 
Presbyterian Church in Ohio, but, after coming to Indiana, she united with the 
M. P. Church. In 1855, Edward M. Keasey bought eighty acres of unim- 
proved land in this township ; sold same ten years later and purchased another 
eighty ; then sold again and went to Iowa, prospecting, but soon returned to 
this county and bought a seventy-acre farm in Lima Township. In the spring 
of 1866, he disposed of that and returned to Clay Township wliere he has re- 
mained. November 2, 1855, the subject was united in matrimony to Miss Lu- 
cinda A. Merrifield, one of eight children in the family of Louis and Mary 
(Kyes) Merrifield, of New York. Mrs. Keasey was born in Huron County, 
Ohio, February 24, 183S. Mr. and Mrs. Keasey are members of the M. P. 
Church and have a family of six, viz., Orpha 11. (now Mrs. Preston). Lillie M. 
(now Mrs. Yergin), Carrie L. (now Mrs. Davis), Nellie I. and Mary B. 

GEORGE KENNEDY is a son of Barnett and Mary (Stouffer) Ken- 
nedy, natives of Pennsylvania, and accompanied them to Wood County, Ohio, 
when fifteen years of age. George Kennedy, in 1849, went to Lenawee 
County, Mich., where he worked on the Michigan Southern Railroad until he 
went to Jonesville, Hillsdale County, Mich., and there had a position as bag- 
gage and warehouse master. In September, 1854, Mr. Kennedy severed his 
connection with Jonesville, and the following six years was engaged in farming 
in Lenawee County, but rented his farm in 1860 and returned to Wood County, 
Ohio, to assist in caring for his aged parents. In 1869, Mr. Kennedy came to 
the town of La Grange and bought property — having disposed of his farm in 
Michigan. Since 1874, has lived on his f;irra in this township. His wife was 
Armenia Mason, native of Cattaraugus County, N. Y., born May 24, 1833. 
He was born in Cumberland County, Penn., November 16, 1821. They were 
united in marriage September 4, 1853, and have had eight children — James 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 435 

M., William P., Frances L., Emma J., Charles H. (died July 23, 1863), Irwin 
G., John E. and Bertha W. Mrs. Kennedy's father was Seneca Mason, na- 
tive of Massachusetts, born January 22, 1797 ; her mother, Betsey (Dukes) 
Mason, was born December 24, 1802, near Rochester, N. Y. They were par- 
ents of eleven children. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy belong to the Methodist 
Church. 

JAMES KENNEDY, son of Barnett and Mary (Stouffer) Kennedy, 
moved with them to Wood County, Ohio, in April, 1836, and when about twen- 
ty-four years of age, learned the carpenter's trade' at Maumee City, Lucas 
County, Ohio. He came to this county in 1847, landing in Bloomfield Town- 
ship on the 1st of December, having walked the entire distance from Wood 
County, Ohio. In the spring of 1851, he bought a town lot in La Grange, at 
that time a village of about twelve houses, and the land was uncleared. He 
here erected the first balloon frame built in the county, that he sold when he 
removed to the farm in 1856, where he now lives. This farm was willed to 
Mrs. Kennedy and her children by an uncle of the subject. Mrs. Kennedy's 
parents, Nicholas and Margaret (Clark) Allman, were natives of Virginia; her 
father was a Methodist minister. She married Mr. Kennedy December 25, 
1850 ; they have four children — Helen S., Charles E., Henry H. and Louisa 
J. Mrs. Kennedy formerly belonged to the Methodist Church, and Mr. 
Kennedy to the Presbyterian. The latter served as Justice of the Peace eight 
years, and has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since 1855 ; he fol- 
lowed carpentering until about a year ago. His father was born at Warm 
Springs, Perry Co., Penn., March 3, 1796; died December 2, 1866; his 
mother was born December 8, 1797, near Sulphur Springs, Cumberland Coun- 
ty, Penn., and died February 22, 1863 ; they were early pioneers of Wood 
County, Ohio. 

MICHAEL B. and JOHN W. KIME were born in Marion County, Ohio, 
the former March 13, 1830, and the latter April 24, 1845. Their parents, 
Benjamin H. and Mary E. (Baughman) Kime, natives respectively of Virginia 
and Pennsylvania, came to this county in 1846, having traded land in Wood 
County, Ohio, for eighty acres of land in this township, where he built a double 
log house, and spent the remainder of his life. His death occurred May 13, 
1863, and three days later he was followed to the grave by his faithful wife and 
companion. Michael B. Kime has made his home in this county since com- 
ing here with his parents in 1846, and is now living with his brother John W. 
He is the oldest and most experienced hunter in the county ; in the fall of 1851, 
he killed forty-six deer, two wolves, and a large number of turkeys, and for a 
number of years has made annual hunting expeditions to Michigan and Iowa. 
John W. Kime went to Iowa in 1855, returning to this county in 1862. He 
was married to Frances M. Donaphan, the 15th of March, 1864. She was born 
in March, 1846, in this county, and was one of twelve children in the family of 
John and Nancy Donaphan, of Ohio. She died August 29, 1873, having borne 
Mr. Kime five children, two of whom are living, Thomas J. and John W. He 
was married again in 1873, December 17, to Laura Donaphan, a native of 
this county, and she died June 26, 1879. They had three children, one now 
living, Frances M. In politics, both Michael and John Kime are Democrats. 

HENRY KLINE was born near Strasbourg, Lorraine, France, May 8, 
1813, and is the son of George and Sarah (Reed) Kline, natives of France. 
The subject came to America in 1838, and worked five years in Utica, N. Y., 
for $10 per month. In 1843, he went to Stark County, Ohio, and worked one 



436 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

year in a stone quarry at Massillon, then moved to Carroll County, Ohio, where 
he was employed five years in a grist-mill. In 1850, Mr. Kline returned to 
Stark County, and remained about six months, then for a period of two vears 
•worked in a grist-mill at Wooster, in Wayne County, Ohio. Finally, in i853, 
he came to this township and bought forty acres of wooded land, moved into a 
plank shanty, and began the laborious task of clearing land. Mr. Kline has 
now a snug little farm, well improved, of 110 acres. He was married January 
2, 1842, to Miss Virginia White. Six children have been born to them — Henry, 
deceased June 14, 1878; Margaret, deceased September 13, 1876; Louisa, 
now Mrs. Blougli ; Caroline; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Beaty. and Maria. 

EPHRAIM LATTA is a native of Richland County, Ohio, and son of 
Silas and Sarah (Franks) Latta, of Pennsylvania and Virginia, respectively. 
Silas Latta, after coming to this township, lived six years on a rented farm. 
He served as Trustee and Justice of the Peace. After the repeal of the Mis- 
souri Compromise, he became a Republican ; previous to that he had been a 
Democrat. He belonged to the M. P. Church, and died at his home, March 2, 

1860, owning at that time 160 acres of partially improved land, a part of 
which is now owned by his widow, Sarah Latta. She is also a member of the 
M. P. Church, and bore her husband eight children. Ephraim Latta enlisted 
August 12, 1863, and served with his regiment. Seventh Indiana Volunteer 
Cavalry, Company H, until they were mustered out, at Austin, Texas, Febru- 
ary 18, 1866. He was married to Miss Jane A. Gammill March 26, 1868. Her 
parents, William A. and Sarah A. (Stuckman) Gammill, were both natives of 
Pennsylvania. They had four children. In 1851, Mr. Gammill went to Cal- 
ifornia, overland, with a company of sixty persons, and died there Septem- 
ber 27, 1853. Mrs. Sarah Gammill came to Indiana in 1856, where her death 
occurred in 1860. Mr. and Mrs. Latta are members of the M. P. Church, 
and have had six children — Silas W., Lou S., John F., George A., Mary P., 
and Freddie, who died December 25, 1881. 

ALONZO McNUTT is a native of Van Buren, Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
where he was born December 22, 1823, and when about fifteen years old, went 
with his parents, Ira and Harriet (Nelson) McNutt, to Detroit. Mich., where 
his father worked at the cooper's trade. In 1838, Alonzo McNutt was engaged 
as cabin-boy on the brig " Illinois," and the following five years was in the em- 
ploy of the American Fur Company, sailing on Lakes Erie and Superior, on 
the brig " Ramsey." He steadily advanced from cabin-boy to able seaman, 
pilot, and master of a vessel. In 1844 or 1845. he piloted the " Julia Pal- 
mer." the first side-wheel steamer ever launched on Lake Superior. From 
1855 to 1859, he was master of the following vessels: the propellers " Dart," 
" Old Concord," and " Mohawk." In 1859, Mr. McNutt quit the lakes, came 
to this township, and bought the farm where he now lives. He was married 
January 7, 1850, in Detroit, Mich., to Mary A. Fitzmorris, who was born in 
Clemmell, Ireland, April 25, 1832. They have no children. Mr. McNutt is 
quite prominent in his township as a leader among the Republicans. He has 
been a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge for the past eight years. 

JONATHAN MILLER, M. D., is a native of Lawrence County, Penn., 
where he was born August 14, 1856. His parents, Jacob and Catherine (Lantz) 
Miller, were both natives of Pennsylvania, the former born in Lancaster 
County in 1814, and the latter in Juniata County in 1819. They had a fam- 
ily of ten, seven boys and three girls, and moved to Noble County, Ind., in 

1861, where Joseph Miller bought a farm of 80 acres in Elkhart Township ; 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 437 

he (lied on the 30th of April, 1870, and his wife March 24, 1874. Jonathan 
Miller's earliest recollections are associated with farm life. At the a^e of 
eighteen he entered the scientific and commercial course in the Northern Indi- 
ana Normal School and Business Institute, from which he graduated with the 
class of 1878. After this he taught school several terms, while readin"; medi- 
cine with Dr. J. F. Gard, of Ligonier. In 1881, Dr. Miller graduated from 
the Bennett Medical College, at Chicago, and engaged in the practice of his 
profession at Emma, where he is meeting with excellent success. 

SAMUEL OLMSTED is a native of Tuscarawas County, Ohio, and 
came to this county November 15, 1865, settling in Bloomfield Township, 
where he lived until October, 1875, when he removed with his family to Clay 
Township, where he now resides. During the ten years of his residence in 
Bloomfield Township, he was occupied in running an old-fashioned water-power 
saw-mill, and put in more hours per day during four months of the year than 
any other man in the township. He was married to Miss Mary Showalter, 
November 30, 1865, and has two children — Forest Foster and Allie Alma, aged 
respectively seven years and eight months. Mr. Olmsted owns a fine farm, 
consisting of eighty acres of enriched land. Mr. Olmsted is now fulfilling his 
duties as Township Trustee, to which office he was elected April 5, 1880. 

CHRISTIAN PLANK is a native of Mifflin County, Penn., and was 
born August 27,1825. His parents were Christian and Rebecca (Lapp) Plank, 
both natives of Pennsylvania, the former born in 1792 and the latter in 1794. 
Christian Plank, Sr., when on his way from Berks County, Penn., to Mifflin 
County, stopped at a hotel, where he was supposed to have been murdered. In 
1837, the subject, with his mother, moved to Union County, Penn.; he was 
married, January 17, 1850, to Mary A. Reish. He returned to Mifflin County 
in 1853, and in 1854 moved to Logan County, Ohio ; the following year, came 
to Elkhart County, Ind., and moved to Newbury Township, this county, the 
same year. While there, operated a rented saw-mill, and was one of the three 
Township Trustees. He moved to Eden Township in 1857, rented a saw-mill 
and remained two years ; then went to St. Joseph County, Mich., returning to 
Noble County in 1861, where he bought and erected a circular saw-mill, which 
he moved to Clearspring Township in 1862. In 1865, he was burned out, sus- 
taining a loss of over $4,000, but rebuilt the same year. In 1866, he moved 
his mill to this township, where he had purchased twenty acres of land, and 
has since operated it, having added a handle factory and planing-mill. His 
mother made her home with him until about four years ago, when she went to 
live with his brother. Mr. Plank has a family of nine children — Elraira, now 
Mrs. Bingham ; Lydia C, now Mrs. Lehmer ; Michael S.; Susan R., now 
Mrs. Plank ; Erie M., now Mrs. Harshberger ; Daniel R., deceased at the age 
of seven ; John E., Ada L. and George W. A. Mr. Plank was a member of 
the I. 0. 0. F., when in Pennsylvania, and although formerly a Republican, is 
now a Greenbacker. Mr. Plank owns an old wall clock that has been in the 
family seventy-seven years, and is prized as an heirloom. 

WILLIAM A. POYNTER was born in Ohio, July 30, 1836. His par- 
ents, Alexander W. and Nancy (Whitley) Poynter, left Ohio for this county 
when William was but three weeks old. They made the journey overland, and 
reached Newbury Township in November, locating in Section 13, where Mr. 
Poynter had previously entered 160 acres of land. He was assisted in clear- 
ing by John Di-aper, a colored boy, who accompanied them to this State, and 
h now residing in Lima. Mr. Poynter served as Justice of the Peace of his 



438 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

township eight or ten years ; he learned surveying in Delaware, his native 
State, which he followed to some extent in this State. He died in June, 1855, 
and after the homestead farm was sold in 1864, Mrs. Nancy Poynter resided 
with her children until her death, in March, 1873, at the home of her daugh- 
ter, Mary Schermerhorn. On the 6th of December, 1860, William Poynter 
and Elizabeth Schermerhorn were united in marriage. They have had five 
children, three of whom are living — Kirby S., Marion D. and Nancy A. Mr. 
Poynter farmed the old homestead until 1864, and afterward farmed on shares 
for others until he invested in his eighty acre farm in this township, in 1868. 
Mr. and Mrs. Poynter belong to the German Baptist Church. She is a native 
of Stark County, Ohio, where her birth occurred September 19, 1839. Her 
parents were Michael and Elizabeth (McKibben) Schermerhorn, of Ohio and 
Ireland, respectively. They had a family of twelve children. 

AARON SCHERMERHORN was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., 
January 2, 1830. Ernestus and Ann (Johnson) Schermerhorn were both na- 
tives of New York. Mr. Shermerhorn, Sr., worked in the salt works near 
Syracuse, N. Y., for twelve years. He came to this township in the fall of 
1836, where he had entered 200 acres of land the preceding June, but until 
spring of 1838 rented a farm in Lima Township; then moved on his farm and 
commenced clearing it, but sold it in 1838, and purchased property in Clear- 
spring Township, where he lived until his death, which occurred in February, 
1876. Aaron Schermerhorn bought 100 acres of land in Clearspring Town- 
ship, between 1853 and 1855, made some improvements and resided there 
until he sold it in April, 1866, and purchased 100 acres of the land entered by 
his father in 1836, in this tovv'nship, upon which he noAv lives. Mr. Scher- 
merhorn was married to Miss Maria Wetzel May 19, 1861. They have three 
children — George W., aged eighteen years ; Frank A., thirteen years, and Ber- 
tha A., six years. Mr. Schermerhorn was active among the Regulators be- 
tween the years of 1857 and 1859. His farm is well improved and ably 
managed. 

MRS. MARY SCHERMERHORN is the daughter of Alexander W. 
and Nancy (Wheatley) Painter; was born in Delaware April 10, 1832. Her 
parents were natives of the same State, and had a family of ten children. 
They came to Newbury Township, this county, in 1834, where Mr. Painter 
entered 140 acres of land, and built a rude cabin. They had only two neigh- 
bors within a distance of five miles. With the aid of his boys, Mr. Painter 
had his land cleared and well improved at the time of his death, June 9, 1854. 
Mrs. Painter then lived with her daughter Mary until she died, April 18, 1873. 
The subject was married to Michael Schermerhorn June 25, 1854. He was 
born August 4, 1832, in Stark County, Ohio, and came to Newbury Town- 
ship, this county, with his parents, Michael and Elizabeth (McKibben) Scher- 
merhorn, natives of Germany and Ireland respectively, in 1845. In the 
spring of 1855, Mr. Schermerhorn, Jr., bought 80 acres of land in Newbury 
Township; this he sold in 1864, and bought land in this township, where Mrs. 
Schermerhorn is now living. He departed this life on the 28th of May, 1881. 
Mr. and Mrs. Schermerhorn were both members of the Lutheran Church, and 
were parents of eleven children — Nancy J. (now Mrs. Tigert), Edgar, Harriet 
S., Leander, Mary E., Eunice I., Micliael F., William J., Sarah A., Nettie 
B. and Levi. 

Z. L. SCIDMORE, born in Steuben County, N. Y., September 17, 
1814, came to this county in May, 1837. He was preceded by his father, 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 439 

Solomon Scidmore, a native of Saratoga County, N. Y., who entered 160 
acres of land in Bloomfield Township in December, 1835. His mother was 
Ruhannah (Bowles) Scidmore born in Washington County, Md. After com- 
ing to Indiana, Z. L. Scidmore worked at breaking land for $20 to $26 per 
month, and bought 40 acres of land in Noble County. In January, 1841, bought 
the land entered by his father in Bloomfield Township, where he lived until 
1855, when he came to La Grange, having been elected County Sheriff in 
August, 1854, by the Free-Soil and Democratic parties. Mr. Scidmore was 
one of the first Free-Soilers in the county, and was the candidate of that 
party for Sheriff in 1844, receiving only fourteen votes. In 1857, he returned 
to Bloomfield Township, where he bought 240 acres of land, subsequently in- 
creasing it to 375 acres. In January, 1875, he bought the farm of 125 acres 
in Section 24, situated just outside the city limits of La Grange, where he 
now is living. Mr. Scidmore visited Coloi'ado in 1872 for his health, and while 
there bought a coal mine near Canon City. Mr. Scidmore was married April 
28, 1853, to Miss Naoma Talmage, "born in Tioga County, N. Y., in 
1830, and when ten years old came with her parents to Springfield Township, 
this county. Mr. and Mrs. Scidmore had six children, viz., Mary R., died 
October 29, 1880 ; Julia S., died April 7. 1865; George W., died September 
21,1874; and Albert H., Maranda L. and Alice H., living. In 1857-58, 
Mr. Scidmore joined in the movements of the Regulators. 

WILLIAM J. SLACK, of the same nativity as his parents — Northum- 
berland County, Penn. — was born November 4, 1845. His mother was Anna 
F. (Sawyer) Slack; his father, Isaac Slack, in 1851, moved to Ohio and 
remained six months each in Marion and Morrow Counties. The next year he 
came to Van Buren Township, this county, and in 1854 bought a farm in this 
township, where he is yet a resident. In 1864, William J. Slack was in a 
hardware store at Lima in the employ of William Cathcart. After a siege of 
sickness, he taught school during the winter, sold books in the summer, and 
taught again the ensuing winter for $25 per month. In 1867, he farmed for 
his father on shares, and October 15 of that year was married to Miss Lucy 
P. Preston, daughter of John and Philena (Waldo) Preston; the former a 
native of Beaver County, Penn., born November 19, 1807 ; the latter of Ohio, 
born in 1818. From February, 1868, to April, 1869, Mr. Slack clerked in the 
grocery of J. C. Brownell, of La Grange ; in 1868, bought town lots and 
built a house in 1869. In the spring of 1870, he resumed his clerkship for 
Brownell, retaining it until October 10, 1871, when he became an employe of 
S. Rose & Co., dry goods merchants. From January 1, 1872, to October, 
1877, he was variously employed as salesman, solicitor for the Register, book- 
agent, carpenter and insurance agent. In 1873, Mr. Slack bought 40 of his 
85 acres of land in this township, to which he moved in October, 1877, and is 
succeeding as a farmer. Mrs. Slack has borne her husband four children — 
Charles W., Gracie M., Harry C. and Newton W. She was born October 27, 
1848, in Aurora, Portage Co., Ohio. In religious matters, Mr. and Mrs. Slack 
are non-sectarian, believing rather in the practice than the profession of Cliris- 
tianitv. 

NELSON SLATER is one of ten children in the family of James and 
Amy (Evans) Slater. The parents were natives of Berkeley County, Va. 
James Slater was a soldier in the war of 1812 and was one of the pioneers of 
Ashland County, Ohio, where he entered land and cleared a farm, and where 
Nelson was born August 28, 1818. Nelson commenced teaching school in his 



440 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

native county in 1837, and followed that profession exclusively until he moved 
to Defiance County, Ohio, in 1854, where he lived on a farm; but his principal 
employment was in the schoolroom. Coming to his farm in this township in 
1866, he renounced teaching after one term, and has devoted liis attention to 
agricultural pursuits. He has a fine vineyard and raises small fruit of all 
kinds. Mr. Slater hold the ofiice of Township Trustee one terra and belongs 
to the Evangelical Lutheran Church, of which his wife also is a member. Their 
marriage was celebrated in Ashland County, Ohio, April 27, 1843. She was 
Susan Spangler, a native of Adams County, Penn., where both her parents, 
Abram and Elizabeth (Fissel) Spangler, were born. They had ten children. 
Susan's birth occurred December 25, 1818, and by her marriage with Mr. 
Slater has had four children, viz.: Elizabeth, now Mrs. Preston; Mahala, now 
Mrs. Hoagland; James A. and Randolph N. James A. served in the late 
war, in the One Hundredth and Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. 

DAVID SMITH was a native of Sandusky County, Ohio, and came to 
Lima Township, this county, about 1842, when about twenty years of age, 
subsequently removing to Bloomfield Township, in about 1845. He assisted 
in clearing land on the present site of La Grange, and also helped build the 
first hotel and court house in that city, working for §10 per month, and re- 
ceived goods as part payment. In 1848, he married Miss Elizabeth Ryarson, 
and after her death, which occurred about a year after their union, he went to 
California, in company with William Wigton and Alex Holmes, returning to 
this county in 1853. In June, 1856, he married Miss Eliza J. Bowen. He 
purchased a farm situated on the line dividing Bloomfield and Clay Townships, 
and lived until 1865 in the former township, when he bought Section 14, in 
Clay Township, and moved there, made numerous improvements and bought 
several other pieces of property, owning at the time of his death 767 acres of 
land. He died very suddenly at Fort Wayne, in June, 1878, and his funeral 
was one of the largest ever known in the county. He was one of the first cit- 
izens and wealthy farmers of the county, and was held in high esteem. Ho 
was the father of four children — Fannie M. Robinson, aged twenty-four years: 
Ilattie L. Robinson, aged twenty-three years; Frank R., aged twenty years: 
and Mary E., twelve years. In February, 1882. his widow, Eliza J., married 
John F. Clugston, of La Grange. 

DANIEL N. STOUGH, a native of Westmoreland County, Penn., was 
born July 25, 1837, the son of Daniel and Catherine (Hoenshell) Stough, both 
natives of Pennsylvania. They had a family of nine, eight now living. In 
1852, Daniel Stough moved to Tuscarawas County, Ohio, where he died in 
1874, at the age of seventy-four. His wife died in the same county in 1872, 
aged seventy-two years. Daniel N. Stough went with his parents to Tusca- 
rawas County, Ohio, where, September 30, 1860, he was married to Susanna 
Showalter, a native of that county, born January 23, 1843. She was one of 
eight children in the family of Peter F. and Mary (Neif) Showalter, natives 
of Pennsylvania and Ohio. While in the latter State, Mr. Stough followed 
farming and teaching. In August, 1864, he came to this township, having 
bought land the preceding spring. His farm is one of the best improved in 
the township. For some time past, Mr. Stough has taken a great interest in 
stock raising, and deals in that branch quite extensively. He has the distinc- 
tion of being the statistical correspondent for the agricultural department at 
Washington, D. C. Mr. and Mrs. Stough are prominent members of the 
Lutheran Church and have a family of eight children, viz.: James A., John 
F., Alvin N., Mary S., Peter W., Dora B., Daniel F. and Elsie M. 



CLAY TOWNSHIP. 441 

MATTHEW STRICKLAND came to Clearspring Township, this 
county, with his parents, Mahlon and Martha (Williams) Strickland, in Febru- 
ary, 1846. Here his father purchased 240 acres of land, and also 160 acres 
in Clay Township, and moved into a log cabin having an elbow-joint fire-place. 
Mahlon and Martha Strickland were both born in the year 1801, he in Sus- 
sex County, N. J., in December, and she in Stark County, Ohio, in Septem- 
ber. They had eleven children. April 3, 1825, Matthew Strickland was born 
in Ashland County, Ohio. November 4, 1852, he married Mary Kitchen, 
who was born June 4, 1881, in Brant Co., Ontario, Canada. In 1836, she 
went with her parents, Richard and Jane (Johnson) Kitchen, natives of Sus- 
sex County, N. J., to Richland County, Ohio, and the following year to Clear- 
spring Township, this county. They were parents of fourteen children, eight 
now living. Since August, 1853, Mr. Strickland has lived on his farm in this 
township ; they lived thirteen years in a log cabin, and planted peach seeds in 
their door-yard, that three years later commenced bearing. An orchard they 
planted in 1857 is still bearing excellent fruit, and the farm is now improved 
well and has substantial buildings. Mr. Strickland and wife have no children : 
both are communicants of the Methodist Church. Richard Kitchen was born 
May 1, 1798, died June 11, 1855. Jane Kitchen was born January 22, 1803, 
died December 14, 1876. They lived in Canada twelve years, and while there 
united with the Regular Baptist Church. 

CHARLES E. WEAVER, son of John M. and Mary A. (Charles) 
Weaver, was born December 25, 1849, in Ashland County, Ohio, where his 
mother also was born. John M. Weaver was a native of Pennsylvania, born 
in 1827. Of the three children born to them, the subject only is living. John 
W. Weaver died in Saginaw County, Mich., June 13, 1871, in his twenty-sec- 
ond year. Harriet F. Weaver died in this township, March 13, 1871, in her 
20th year. John M. Weaver came with his family to Clay Township in 1863, 
and bought the farm where Charles E. now lives. He died in La Grange, 
September 2, 1881; he was a prominent member of the I. 0. 0. F., having 
belonged to that order for more than thirty years ; he was also a member of 
the Episcopal Church. Mary A. Weaver is still living in Ashland County, 
Ohio, and is a member of the Dunkard Church. Charles E. Weaver went to 
Loomis, Isabella Co., Mich., in 1865, where he was engineer in a large saw, 
shingle and extract factory, until 1877, when he returned to this township and 
moved on his farm. He was married January 14, 1871, to Miss Sarah E. 
Fancey, a native of Utica County, N. Y., born October 1, 1853. Her father, 
Joseph Fancey, was born in 1821, in Devonshire, England ; her mother, Ann 
Leckenby was born in Yorkshire, England, August 17, 1833. They had 
three children. Mr. and Mrs. Weaver have had two children — Anna M., who 
died February 25, 1876, aged two years and nine months, and Stanley E. H., 
aged three and a half years. They have adopted a cousin of Mrs. Weaver's, 
Freeman (Wilcox) Weaver, whose mother died when he was but one day old. 
Mr. and Mrs. Weaver belong to the Lutheran Church. 




IN08LE Co. Courthouse. 



PAET II. 



History of Noble County. 



CHAPTER I. 
by weston a. goodspeed. 

Topography and Geology— Nodle County Drift— Physical Description- 
Cranberry Marshes— Meteorology — Classification of the MotrNB- 
BuiLDERs' Works— Prehistoric Occupation and Remains of Noble 
County— The Mounds and Their Contents— The Miamis and Potta- 
WATOMiES During the Border Wars— The Indian Reservation— Per- 
sonal Incidents— Customs of the Native American. 

THERE is no subject more intimately connected with the interest of man- 
kind than history. It is much more comprehensive, universal and vital 
than shallow thinkers are led to believe from imperfect study. Perhaps its 
most important feature is its exposition of its relations of man to his fellows, 
to the laws under which he lives and enjoys, and to past events. Comparative 
history is extremely instructive, as the lights and shades of human character 
are thrown in spectral relief for man's inspection. His hopes and fears, his 
ambitions and aspirations, his desires and passions, his frailties and accomplish- 
ments, and his conduct under an infinite variety of opposing influences are re- 
vealed and analysed. Knowing, as the race does, that the greatest study of 
mankind is man, it has become the universal judgment that he who discovers 
the means of doing the greatest good has crowned himself with the grandest 
distinction. Men in pursuit of fame and a name have ransacked the world 
for knowledge of the human race in a primitive state. Every subject has been 
scanned by Argus-eyed scholars, and a vast fund of perishing historic lore 
has been rescued from oblivion, and forced to serve the purposes of an advan- 
cing civilization. The secret chambers of nature have been unlocked by the 
skilled hands of genius and the invariable sequence of immutable law, and the 
plastic transformations of dumb matter have been held aloft for human in- 
spection and guidance. No avenue, however solitary, if of value or interest to 
the race, has been left untraversed. The sciences have been the natural out- 



6 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

growth of the evolution of thought, and have multiplied the sources of happi- 
ness and the knowledge of human character. 

Since the dawn of intelligence, no field of research has been more fruitful 
in aflbrding bountiful evidences of the origin of animate and inanimate crea- 
tion than the testimony of the rocky structure of the earth and a knowledge 
of the natural laws which control the movements of the universe. Written in- 
delibly on the bright page of nature is the wonderful progress of evolution 
from the simplest combination of effects to the sublime mechanism that guides 
the circling spheres. The phenomena of nature are everywhere found to be 
under the control of unchangeable laws, many of which have been discovered and 
utilized by scientific men. The earth and its various surroundings are found to 
be a vast storehouse of knowledge. The theory is (and no intelligent man at 
present questions its correctness) that the surface of the earth through long and 
successive ages has been alternately above and below the waters of the sea, and 
that during the periods of submergence strata of earth have been deposited 
from the water. When the land was raised above the water, it became covered 
with various kinds of vegetation, and afterward again submerged, and the 
vegetable remains were transformed into coal. Many of the plants which grew 
on the earth ages ago, have been named and classified from the remains found 
in coal-beds. As the strata were formed under water, various marine animals, 
such as mollusks and fishes, were also thrown down, and casts of these are 
found at all depths where the spade has gone, to show the character of the 
animals that were living at different epochs or ages on the earth. 

While the geological features of Noble County are not unusual or striking, 
yet, in some important particulars, they differ essentially from those in other 
neighboring counties of Indiana. The subject of geology is ordinarily consid- 
ered of but little practical value or interest, though the reverse of this is the 
case when it gives rise to sanitary or economic questions, as it often does. 
No extended nor instructive examination has been made in the county, as, so 
far, excavations have not reached sufficient depth to pass through the heavy 
glacial and drift deposit which covers all Northern Indiana, sometimes to so 
great a depth that even wells bored several hundred feet have failed to pass 
through to the underlying rock. It must be understood that Indiana, in com- 
mon with all this part of the continent, was alternately above and below the 
sea during the geological ages prior to the glacial epoch, and that during these 
ages strata of sand, clay, slate and various varieties of rocks were superimposed 
upon other strata, until a thickness of thousands of feet had been reached. 
Through these ages, the lot of Indiana was almost identical with that of all the 
surrounding States, and, consequently, when the earth in this State is pene- 
trated to the proper depth, the same, or nearly the same, strata are found as in 
neighboring localities. They are not precisely the same, because it is found 
that while the sea was depositing sand or clay at one place, perhaps but a com- 
paratively few miles distant the conditions were such that limestone, sandstone 



HISTORV OF NOBLE COUNTY. 7 

or other stone could be formed. Yet even in a case of this character, the period 
was the same, as has been prdved by fossiliferous evidences that are above rea- 
sonable doubt. 

Before entering upon a more specific description of the glacial drift in the 
county, a few points will be considered concerning the underlying rock. Of 
course, it cannot be known with absolute certainty, without actual experiment, 
what strata would be met with in going downward in Noble County, after hav- 
ing passed through the drift. The only conclusion to be reached is an approx- 
imate one, from a knowledge of what rocks are found in neighboring localities. 
Geologists throughout the State agree in saying that the first rocks found in 
Northern Indiana, after passing through the drift, are, with few exceptions in 
localities, those of the Niagara group. The exceptions are perhaps some of 
the Hamilton or Corniferous limestones of the Devonian age. Excavations, 
such as wells, in various portions of Northern Indiana have established these 
facts beyond doubt. It will therefore be seen that all the formations above the 
Niagara group are lacking in this locality, with perhaps the exceptions above 
noted and probably all or a portion of the formations of the Quaternary period. 
Passing downward through the Niagara group, which is a member of the Upper 
Silurian era, the Hudson and Trenton limestones and the Potsdam sandstone, 
members of the Lower Silurian era, would probably be found. Next would 
appear metamorphic rock, which was formed by crystallization some time after 
its deposition from water, but usually from the cooling of the primitive surface 
of the earth or before the formation of strata was possible. To account for 
the absence of rocks above the Upper Silurian is not an easy task, if exact 
statements are required. All such rocks were formed from soil deposited while 
the surface was under water. This view leads to the conclusion that Northern 
Indiana, at least, was above the sea after the Silurian age, but was again sub- 
merged, probably in fresh water, during the Cenozoic time. There was then a 
long interval of ages, during which Northern Indiana, with the Niagara group 
on the surface, was above the water. The strata below the Niagara group 
found in Indiana present no unusual features where excavations have pene- 
trated them, and therefore that branch of the subject will be dropped to await 
future revelations. 

We come now to a consideration of the Drift deposit. Geologists suppose 
that during a period called glacial, all the earth's surface, north of about 40° 
of north latitude, was covered sometimes to the tops of the highest mountains 
with a vast body of ice, that is thought to have been formed during a period of 
some 12,000 years, when the north pole was turned farthest from the sun, owing 
to a peculiar variation in the direction of the earth's axis, through a period of 
about 2-1,000 years. At least, all the evidences show that the earth's surface 
north of 40° of north latitude was once, and for a long period, covered with 
vast fields of ice, and at other periods with heavy vegetation, even as far north 
as the 82d degree of north latitude. The southern portions of the ice field 



8 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

melted away under the heat of a tropical sun, and the result was that the ice 
farther north was forced gradually southward, pushing down the elevations of 
land, and slowly but surely grinding the rock into powder and gravel, and 
transporting them to latitudes further south. Glacial markings are found 
everywhere, and all indicate that the movements of the glaciers were southerly. 
In their movement south, the glaciers took or scooped up vast quantities of soil 
in northern localities, which became frozen in until the ice had reached the 
warmer sections and had thawed, when such soil was dropped upon the earth. 
This soil is now known as the " Drift" or " Bowlder deposit," and covers all 
Northern Indiana, including Noble County, to a depth of several hundred feet. 
Some entertain the idea that this soil in Northern Indiana was deposited directly 
upon the Niagara group, while others think that, inasmuch as just above the 
Niagara group are found several strata of clay, shale and sand, the northern 
part of the State was under the surface either of salt or fresh water, at stages 
succeeding the formation of the Niagara rocks. Animal and vegetable casts, 
found in these strata, will prove the character of the water from which they 
were deposited. Some geologists maintain that the " Drift" was not deposited 
by glaciers but by icebergs, which floated south, carrying large quantities of 
northern soil, and grinding over the rocks at the bottom of the shallow seas, 
thus forming the strioe or " glacial markings." All, however, agree that the 
" Drift " was brought from northern regions through the agency of ice. No 
doubt both glaciers and icebergs were the means of transporting the soil south. 
The lowest formation of the Drift deposit is the " Bowlder clay," which varies 
in thickness from ten to one hundred feet. It is usually yellow or brown above, 
and blue below, and is underlaid by a water-bearing sheet of gravel and sand, 
cemented into an almost impenetrable hardpan. The pebbles contained in the 
Bowlder clay are generally small, sub-angular, scratched and planed fragments, 
either of indigenous or of exotic rocks, the former largely preponderating. 
Prof J. S. Newberry, of Ohio, thinks that the blue and the yellow Bowlder 
clays were originally the same color, and that the latter is the leached and 
oxidized portion of the former. He also says : " The bowlder clay of Ohio, 
Indiana, Illinois, etc., may be said to be the entire grist ground by the glacier, 
which, never having been screened or sorted, contains both tlie bran and the 
flour, the latter being the clay, and the former the sand, gravel and bowlders." 
After the deposition of the bowlder clay came a period when the surface was 
above the water, and when a forest of arborescent and herbaceous plants sprang 
into life. The piece of sound wood found a short time ago about three miles 
northeast of Albion, was found in drift soil, about ninety feet deep, which 
answers the description of the " inter-glacial forest-bed," and was no doubt 
brought there from some forest farther north. It is supposed that these plants 
grew during an inter-glacial mild period, and their remains are not usually 
found as far south, in any quantity, as Noble County. This inter-glacial forest 
period was the time when the mammoth, mastodon, giant beaver and doubtless 





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^^^^ ^^^.£4^^/Z^ 



ALBION 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 9 

many other animals, appeared upon the earth. Above these deposits, come 
various layers of sand, clay or gravel, intermingled with bowlders of various 
shapes, sizes and compositions. Geologists differ regarding the causes of the 
billowy appearance of the surface soil of Northern Indiana. Perhaps the most 
reasonable conclusion is, that such soil remains in much the same condition as 
when it was first deposited by the melting glaciers or icebergs. Such process 
would heap the soil in some places, while in others great cavities Avould be left 
unfilled, which afterward becoming filled with water would form the numerous 
lakes. The best authorities agree in saying that the great mass of the drift 
was deposited principally from indigenous rocks by means of glaciers ; but that 
icebergs also, more especially at the close of the glacial period, transported from 
the Canadian highlands a considerable quantity of soil, and large numbers of 
bowlders, which lie above the laminated clays, deposited previously by glaciers. 

This brings us to the more specific description of the physical features of 
the county. The number of depressed portions covered with water seems fab- 
ulous, and the quantity of swamp land is much greater than supposed, though 
both are being decreased rapidly by natui-al and artificial means. The effect 
of so much stagnant water and decaying vegetation is perceptible to those, 
more especially, who have not become acclimated to the influences of malaria 
and its kindred ailings, as engendered in the county and vicinity. Extra 
effort has been made from the earliest time to drain the water from the swamps, 
to fell the timber, and to let in the healthful and cheerful light and heat of the 
sun. The proceeding has been met with marked effect, as large numbers of 
the drier swamps have not only been thoroughly drained, but have been sub- 
jected to cultivation, and there is found no better farming land in the county. 

From the following statement may be learned, by townships, the number 
of lakes and large permanent ponds in Noble County : Perry, 4 ; Elkhart, 6 ; 
Orange, 13 ; Wayne 21 ; Sparta, 15 : York, 14 ; Jefferson, 7 ; Allen, 3 ; Al. 
bion, 1; Washington, 16; Noble, 22; Green, 20; Swan, 3; total, 145. 

It is very difficult to correctly estimate the quantity of swamp land in the 
county. Some have placed it as high as 15 per cent of the county lands, but 
probably 10 per cent would come nearer the truth. Many of the smaller and 
shalloiver lakes are slowly filling by means of mosses, rushes, weeds, lily-stocks, 
etc., and undoubtedly some, which now are simply low lands, liave been sub- 
jected to this fate. In several places in the county, some of which have been 
cultivated, there is found quite a dry soil for several feet on top, while under- 
neath the earth is an impure vegetable mold, and, in some cases, farther down 
there is found water, often in a considerable quantity, proving that the spot 
was once a lake or pond, which had been overgrown with a heavy and springy 
vegetation, which had likewise become covered with the surface soil by wash- 
ings through long periods of years. Every lake that has been examined in the 
county is underlaid with a more or less perfect stratum of bog iron ore, some 
being so rich Iq metal as to be of no trifling commercial value. None of these 



10 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

beds, with few exceptions, one being in York Township, has been worked. 
Iron can be obtained cheaper. Many curious natural formations are found, 
some of which have been incorrectly referred to the Mound-Builders. There 
are also many places in the county where beavers have thrown up embank- 
ments of surprising extent and appearance. Some lakes in the county are in 
the first stage after being filled with vegetation, one of these being beautifully 
situated near the residence of Michael Bouse, Washington Township. It is 
about six acres in extent, and has no known outlet, and over the surface the 
marsh moss, Spagnum, has become so heavily matted that persons find no 
trouble in walking over the marsh to gather the cranberries which usually 
grow there in profusion. There are many places in the county where these 
excellent berries are found, but they seem to grow most abundantly in the 
southern part — in the Tippecanoe swamps. This berry is a member of the 
Heath Family, and is known to bot nists as Oxycoccus macrocorpus. The 
plant is a creeper, or trailer, with sle.ider, hardy, woody stems and small ever- 
green leaves, more or less white um'erneath, with single flowers borne on slen- 
der erect pedicles, and having a r ale rose carolla. The berries, which get ripe 
in autumn, are red, with some y jllow, and are very acid. The stems are from 
one to three feet long, and th j flowers are lateral, rendering easy the gather- 
ing of the berries. The com .itions for the possible life of the plant are being 
slowly destroyed, and the berries are becoming less numerous. The moss, 
the name of which is given above, has the property of slowly dying at the 
extremities of the roots, thus making it possible for deep lakes to become filled 
with it. 

It seems proper in this connection to notice a few circumstances regarding 
the meteorological condition of this part of Indiana. The prevailing direction 
of the wind is from the southwest, and from that direction the greater number 
of heavy storms come. The annual mean barometer is close to 30 inches, and 
the annual mean temperature is not far from fifty-four degrees. The annual 
mean relative humidity is about sixty-seven degrees, and the total annual rain- 
fall, including melted snow, will exceed forty inches. The quantity of rainfall 
depends upon the direction of the wind, and upon the relative humidity of the 
air. A heated atmosphere will contain more moisture than a cold one, and is 
therefore more likely to precipitate rain, owing to the probability of meeting 
condensinc currents ; while a cold atmosphere is likely to be dry, from the fact 
that it has probably passed through the state requiring a discharge of rain or 
snow. As the atmosphere in any locality becomes warm, the probability of 
rainfall is increased, for the wind containing rain-clouds is likely to set in 
toward that quarter. If the atmosphere is cold and growing colder, the proba- 
bility of rain is decreased, as clouds bearing rain must leave for warmer places. 
These facts are all relative, depending upon the season of the year. Of course 
in winter, the atmosphere being cold everywhere, will contain an amount of 
moisture which would be immediately precipitated in heavy rain in summer, 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 11 

and vice versa. Every farmer should have the means of telling the probable 
condition of future weather. 

Before entering upon the description of the ancient earth and stone works 
in Noble County, it seems proper to take a general and summary view of the 
evidences of a pre-historic people, who undoubtedly inhabited all this country 
in times which antedate all known reconls. According to the prevailing 
opinion among archteologists, the Mound-Builders* were a race of people who 
occupied more or less of this continent prior to the advent of the Indian. The 
latter knew nothing of the Mound-Builder, save what few evidences were 
derived from his works, and, in consequence, his time is placed back, perhaps 
several thousand years, or contemporaneous with that of the ancient Assyrian 
and Egyptian nations. Several eminent writers maintain that the Mound- 
Builders were the descendants of Asiatics, who found their way to this country 
when civilization was yet in its infancy. This could easily have been done, 
either in boats or on the ice across Behring's Strait. Perhaps this view is as 
rational as any. The truth will probably never be known, as all we have from 
which to judge of their history, habits, modes of life, degree of civilization, knowl- 
edge of the arts of peace and war, mental and moral progress, etc., are the 
numerous earthworks and implements which have been found. 

The earthen structures or mounds have been divided and subdivided as 
follows : 

r Sepulchral. 

Scrificial. 

Templar. 
I Memorial. 

Monumental. 
[ Observatory. 
f Animal. 
EARTHWORKS. \ Effigies \ Emblematic. 

L Symbolical, 
r Military. 
I Defensive. 
iNrLOsnRES. -j Covered. 

Sacred. 

Festival. 

The greater number of these earthworks are found constructed of earth, a 
few of stone, and fewer still of earth and stone combined. Sepulchral mounds 
are usually conical, and some of them, notwithstanding the lapse of time, are 
seventy feet in height. The prevailing altitude is from three to eight feet. 
This class is most numerous, and was undoubtedly erected in which to bury the 
dead. They always contain one or more skeletons, often with implements or 
ornaments, supposed to have been placed there when the individual was buried 
for use in the spirit land. It has been conjectured that the magnitude of these 

• Of course the natural nnme of ttiese people is unknown. That such a race once inhiibiteil thi» country was 
first made manifest by tlio large number of eartbworlis or mounds, and, since then scientists have united in calline 
such people Mound-Builders. 



Mounds Proper. 



12 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

mounds bears some relation to the prominence of the persons, in whose honor 
they were erected. Ashes and charcoal are often found in proximity to the 
skeletons under conditions which render it probable that fires were used in the 
burial ceremony. With the skeletons are often found specimens of mica, pot- 
tery, bone and copper beads and animal bones. Ordinarily but one skeleton is 
found, though in one case in Hardin County, Ohio, three hundred crumbling 
skeletons were taken out, and the mound opened by the writer in Elkhart 
Township contained twenty-eight, and the one in Washington sixteen. Templar 
mounds are few in number, and are ordinarily circular. They are invariably 
truncated, and are often surrounded with embankments, inclined planes or 
spiral pathways or steps leading to the summit. They are found round, square, 
oblong, oval and octangular, and rest generally upon a large base, but have a 
limited altitude. It is supposed that these elevations were surmounted with 
wooden temples, all traces of which have been removed by the ravages of time. 
They are thought to have been erected for religious purposes. Sacrificial 
mounds are ordinarily stratified, with convex layers of clay and loam above a 
stratum of sand. They generally contain ashes, charcoal, igneous stones, cal- 
cined animal bones, beads, stone implements, pottery and specimens of rude 
sculpture. Altars of igneous clay or stone are often found. Evidences of fire 
upon the altars yet remain, showing that various animals and probably human 
beings were immolated to secure the favor of the Great Spirit. These mounds 
infrequently contain skeletons, together with implements of war; mica from the 
Alleghanies ; shells from the Gulf of Mexico ; differently colored varieties of 
obsidian ; red, purple and green specimens of porphery, and silver, copper and 
other metallic ornaments and utensils. Memorial or monumental mounds are 
of that class of tumuli intended to commemorate some important event, or to 
perpetuate the memory of some distinguished character. Most of the stone 
mounds belong to this class, and usually contain no bones, for the supposed 
reason that they were not used for sepulchers. They were similar in design to 
the Bunker Hill Monument. Mounds of observation were apparently designed 
for alarm towers or signal stations. Some writers have fancied that they 
" occur in chains or regular systems, and that many of them still bear traces of 
the beacon fires that were once burning upon them." They are often found 
built like towers from the summits of embankments surrounding inclosures. 

Effigies are elevations of earth in the form of men, beasts, birds, reptiles, 
and occasionally of inanimate objects, varying in height from one foot to six 
feet above the surrounding soil, and often covering many acres of land. Mr. 
Schoolcraft expresses the belief that this class of mounds was designed for 
" totems " or " tribular symbols ;" while Prof Daniel Wilson and other writers 
of distinction hold that they were erected in accordance with the religious be- 
lief of the various tribes of Mound-Builders, who worshiped or in some way 
venerated the animals or objects represented by the elevations. 

Military or defensive inclosures are irregular in form, and ar^ always on 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 13 

high ground, in positions difficult of approach by a savage foe. " The walls," 
says the American Cyclopedia, " generally wind around the borders of the 
elevations they occupy, and when the nature of the ground renders some points 
more accessible than others, the height of the wall and the depth of the ditch 
at these weak points are proportionally increased. The gateways are narrow 
and few in number, and well guarded by embankments of earth placed a few 
yards inside the openings or gateways, but parallel with them and projecting some- 
what beyond them at each end, thus fully covering the entrances, which, in 
some cases, are still further protected by projecting walls on either side. These 
works are somewhat numerous, and indicate a clear appreciation of at least the 
elements of fortification, and unmistakably point out the purpose for which 
they were constructed. A large number of these defensive works consists of a 
line of ditches and embankments, or several lines carried across the neck of 
peninsulas or bluff headlands formed within the bends of streams — an easy and 
obvious mode of fortification to all rude peoples." Sometimes the embankments 
are miles in extent, reaching an altitude of more than twenty feet in some 
places. Covered ways or parallel walls are often found, either connecting dif- 
ferent inclosures or portions of the same. They were undoubtedly designed 
to protect those passing back and forth within. There are large numbers of 
sacred inclosures in the form of circles, squares, hexagons, octogons, ellipses, 
parallelograms and others, many of which were designed with surprising 
geometrical accuracy. They are sometimes found within military inclosures, 
and very likely were connected with the religious rites and ceremonies of the 
people, as small elevations are found within them, which were evidently used 
for altars upon which sacrifices of various kinds were offered. Some archae- 
ologists maintain that many of the so-called sacred inclosures were intended 
and used for national games and celebrations, and it is probable that those with- 
out the altar were used as such. 

The mounds and their contents afford abundant opportunity to speculate 
as to the character and customs of the ancient people, of whom notliing is left 
save their crumbling habitations. They were a numerous people, as is clearly 
proved by the magnitude and elaboration of their works. Their presence here, 
beyond question, antedates the coming of Columbus, and very probably extends 
back a thousand years or more. Many interesting and important considera- 
tions, too lengthy to be narrated here, have been discovered in comparing the 
customs of the Mound-Builders with those of ancient people in the East. The 
Mound-Builders were unquestionably subservient to rulers or superiors, who 
had power to enforce the erection of gigantic structures, which, considering the 
semi-barbarous condition of the people, their lack of suitable implements of 
labor and their imperfect and insufficient knowledge of mechanical principles, 
are surprisingly vast in extent and ingenious in design. Their works indicate 
that the people were warlike; that they were familiar with many mathematical 
and meclianical principles; that they were religious and probably idolatrous; 
that they were skilled in the manufacture of bone and metallic ornaments and 



14 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

pottery; that they had attained no little degree of perfection in the working 
of metals, and that they were essentially homogeneous in customs, pursuits) 
religion and government. They, of necessity, were an agricultural people, 
being too numerous to live by the chase alone. They offered burnt and other 
sacrifices and oblations to both good and bad spirits. Dr. Foster says they 
worshiped the elements, such as fire, air and water, also the sun, moon and 
stars, and offered human sacrifices to the gods they worshiped. Yet many of 
these considerations are speculative, and have but little substantial evidence 
upon which to rest, and authorities are widely at variance in their views. But 
little can ever be known of the history of these people; yet throughout all the 
future the civilized world will look with awe upon the decaying remnants of 
their works and weave the bright fabric of romance about their mysterious 
lives. 

This much has been given on the authority of Schoolcraft, Wilson, Pid- 
geon, Smucker, Foster and the American Cyclopedia, to prepare the way for 
the classification and detailed description of the ancient earth and stone works 
in this county. No effort has been made in past years to gather together the 
pre-historic history of Noble County. No importance or value has been at- 
tached to disclosures of skeletons, the majority of citizens throughout the 
county regarding them as belonging to the Indians, and, consequently, the 
mounds which have been opened in years past in different parts of the county 
were not carefully examined, and no doubt much interesting, and, perhaps, val- 
uable, information has been hopelessly lost. The works and their contents can- 
not be too closely scrutinized, as very often nothing short of careful inspection 
will avoid overlooking important facts. About twenty-five years ago, a large 
mound situated on the old Jones farm, in northeastern Elkhart Township, was 
leveled down, or nearly so, as it was in the way, and several bones were found, 
which the owner supposed to belong to animals. Nothing further was discov- 
ered. They were, beyond doubt, the bones of Mound-Builders. On Section 2, 
Elkhart Township, on what is called Sanford's Point, there are several mounds, 
one of which was opened some eight or ten years ago by the neighbors, who 
expected to unearth some valuable trinkets. Quite a number of bones were 
found, and these were scattered around on the surface of the ground, where 
they were left. No trinkets were found. An inferior maxillary bone found is 
said to have been remarkably large and sound. The reader must remembei' 
that these are the bones of Mound-Builders, not Indians, and were certainly 
placed there at least five hundred years ago, and very likely longer. 

On the farm of Jeremiah Noel, Section 1, Elkhart Township, three mounds 
were found situated so as to form the corners of a triangle, whose sides were 55, 
42 and 30 yards, respectively. They were on the summit near the center of a 
semi-circular elevation tliat bounded a low marshy tract of land situated some 
forty feet lower, the concave face of the elevation lying toward the north. Two 
of the mounds were apparently about the same size, while the third was notice- 
ably larger, having a basial diameter of some sixty feet, and an altitude which^ 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 15 

notwithstanding that the road had once passed within a few feet of it, and that 
it had also been cultivated over many years, was some three and a half feet above 
the general level of the elevation. As nearly as possible, the summit of this 
mound was found, and an excavation about a yard square was made, care being 
taken that all important disclosures should be noticed. The soil was a light, 
sandy loam with some gravel, and did not appear to be in layers. At the depth 
of about two feet, a small quantity of charcoal was found scattered through the 
soil, although no distinct layer of this material could be distinguished. Finally, 
at the depth of about three feet, unmistakable evidences of bone were disclosed. 
The shovel had struck through what afterward proved to be a human skull, and 
the thigh-bone — the femur — was broken, and a portion thrown up. The diam- 
eter of the excavation was considerably enlarged, and the work was continued 
with great care. The covering of earth was removed, and a number of the 
heavier bones of a human skeleton were taken out in a brittle and decomposed 
state. Not more than a third of the bones of this skeleton could be found, the 
others, no doubt, having long since returned to dust. In the meantime, portions 
of other skeletons had been thrown out, and, in order to get at the work better, 
the excavation was enlarged until it measured about seven feet in diameter. 
The work was continued, and, at the expiration of about ten hours, twenty-eight 
crumbling skeletons had been taken out. Some few of the skeletons were in a 
fair state of preservation, while the majority were ready to fall to pieces, and 
actually did. The skulls were usually found resting upon the vertebrae, ribs 
and pelvis, while the extremities were distinct from these. The evidences satis- 
fied those present that the bodies had been buried in a sitting posture, and they 
must have been packed in like sardines, as they were all found within a circle 
whose diameter was about seven feet. No skeleton was found entire, or, at least, 
it could not be distinguished from other bones with which it was mingled. The 
skulls were the only means of ascertaining the number of individuals buried, and 
this in a few instances was not absolutely reliable, as some evidences of addi- 
tional skulls were found. Eight or ten bodies, in addition to tho.se counted, 
might have been buried in the mound, all traces of which had been removed by 
Time, the destroyer. Beyond question, the skeletons of three or four children 
were unearthed, as the small fragile skulls and diminutive bones clearly indi- 
cated. While many of the larger bones were almost wholly decayed, many of the 
smaller were in an excellent state of preservation. Many of the metatarsal and 
metacarpal bones were almost as sound as when first buried. The cuneiform, 
pisiform, trapezium, patella, scaphoid, os calcis, were found. The vertebrae, 
ribs and skulls of children were found. The skeletons of at least two women 
were among the number, one of the skulls being carried away by the writer. 
Not half the necessary number of bones could be found to complete the osseous 
structure of twenty-eight individuals. The teeth were generally sound, yet some 
of these were found badly decomposed. One bone — a femur — had undoubtedly 
been fractured or broken during the life of the individual, as around it about 
five inches above the knee joint was quite an enlargement. No trinkets nor 



16 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

implements of any kind were found. Growing upon this mound a few years 
ago was a yellow oak about fifteen inches in diameter, but this had been 
removed before the mound was opened. Those present at the opening 
were satisfied that the skeletons of men, women and children were taken 
out. One of the skulls and a few bones traced as belonging to it dif- 
fered materially from all the others, both in point of preservation and 
development, it having but little of that dark intermarking that pre- 
cedes decay. It was much higher than either of the others, having a splendid 
development at the organs of veneration and benevolence, and a noticeable 
lack of the animal developments at the base of the skull. All the bones of the 
skeleton were very thick and sound. This skeleton undoubtedly belonged to an 
important personage, and probably those buried with him were members of his 
own family, or his servants, or both. It was in truth a fine looking head for a 
savage — too fine a one to belong to a savage, or phrenology is at fault. The 
frontal development was not large ; it was rather small compared with the gen- 
eral formation of the cranium. He was probably the " Medicine Man " (if the 
Mound Builders had such a humbug). This skull may be seen among Mr. 
Watts P. Denny's collection at Albion. 

Three mounds, situated about half a mile south of Rome City, on the 
farm of John W. Teal, were also opened. They were also arranged to form 
the corners of a triangle, the sides being seventy, forty-three and thirty-five 
yards respectively. The first and largest mound was found to contain no evi- 
dences whatever — not even charcoal. It was probably a memorial mound, hav- 
ing been constructed to commemorate some important tribal event. Each of 
the other mounds was found to contain at least one skeleton, and one of them 
probably contained two, as bones were found at such a distance apart as to lead 
to this conclusion. Perhaps nine-tenths of each skeleton had entirely disap- 
peared, as but a few small fragments were found. A sufficient quantity was 
found, however, to prove its bony character, and to establish the fact beyond 
cavil that the bones were human. In each of the mounds containing skeletons 
was found charcoal, noticeably so in one of them, where a heavy stratum, 
including ashes and well preserved pieces of half-charred wood resembling ash, 
was found entirely covering the spot where the skeleton reposed. From this 
mound, in close proximity to tlie few crumbling bones, were found two small 
trinkets. 

One of the other mounds was opened, and about a peck of charcoal was 
found, from which was taken a small piece of charred bone, possibly being a 
portion of the tibia, but more probably belonging to some animal. In this 
mound distinct layers of clay and loam, alternating with those of sand, were 
clearly distinguishable. The charcoal was in a stratum which extended over 
some two or three square yards of surface, and was resting upon a hardpan of 
half-burned clav, which seemed to have been built in the form of a small trun- 
cated mound, a foot and a half high and some four feet square. Resting upon 
this was the charcoal and a few charred stones and the piece of charred bone. 



■^ 



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^ i 



\ 



^ 




% 





HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 17 

This mound belonged to the sacrificial class. One was a piece of mica, about 
two inches square, and a, third of an inch thick, which after a few hours split 
into thin transparent layers. The other was a slate ornament, nearly four 
inches long and about half an inch wide, the edges being straight and one side 
smooth, while tJie other was oval, thus varying the thickness from a quarter of 
an inch at the ends to a half at the middle. Quite a large bowlder was taken 
from one of these mounds, and around its lower edge a small quantity of 
decayed bone-dust was found. 

A large mound in a cultivated field on Section 4, York Township, was 
opened, and portions of three skeletons were taken out. The skulls were well 
preserved, as were the ribs and some other parts. The customary charcoal was 
found, but no trinkets nor implements. The teeth were sound, and the bony 
base of the skull in two cases was taken out entire. Appearances seemed to 
indicate that the bodies had been buried either on the back or the side, as the 
vertebrae extended out in the sand some distance from the skull. The frag- 
ments of bone found in the mounds at Rome City were upright, and 
portions of the cranium found were some distance, perhaps a foot o 
more, above the bones of the lower extremities. The reverse was the 
case in northern Elkhart and York. No females' nor children's heads were 
found at Rome City or in York. Two large mounds were opened in the woods 
on Section 1, Sparta Township, but no bones, charcoal, nor ashes were found. 
The soil here was not as dry and mellow as is usually found constituting the 
mounds. It was a heavy sand and clay, there being a sufiicient quantity of the 
latter to retain considerable water. If skeletons bad been buried in such a soil, 
they would have decayed in a comparatively short space of time. The soil at 
the Noel mound was quite dry and mellow, more like the dust of the road. The 
members of the Davenport Academy of Sciences, discussing this question, say 
that " bones are often thrown into conditions that remain constant, and so will 
last for ages." They cite several cases coming under their observation to prove 
this, and even go so far as to mention the case of a mound opened in Louisa 
County, Iowa, where the stench was almost unendurable, showing that the 
fleshy portions had but just decayed. The mound in this case was undoubtedly 
pre-historic. 

On Section 1, Sparta Township, on a low piece of land which extended 
into a marsh which was still lower, evidences of what might be pottery were 
discovered. No pieces larger than some four inches square have been found. 
The land is in a cultivated field, and at every fresh plowing many small frag- 
ments are thrown out. The fragments are composed of a dark clay, and seem 
to have been pressed into the desired form and thickness of one-fourth of an 
inch, and then partially baked. Large quantities of small stones, discolored by 
fire and smoke, are found scattered over tlie ground. Tlie writer at first 
thought that some old cabin had been built on the site, and that the stones and 
burnt clay might have composed the chimney ; but there are some strong ob- 
jections to this view of the case. The oldest settlers who have lived in the 



18 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

vicinity since the county was first organized knew nothing of such a cabin, and 
state that the earth and stone at the point were in early years much as they 
are at present. One thing is certain : The earth comprising the so-called pot- 
tery is totally dissimilar to that composing the land where it is found, and must 
have been transported there, either from the adjacent marsh or from some dis- 
tant lowland where such clay is found. These and other facts lead the writer 
to believe that the spot was used as a site for the manufacture of pottery, and 
the portions found are the cast-away fragments. This spot is situated about 
half a mile southeast of the mounds above referred to that were opened. Di- 
rectly east from the spot, distant perhaps ten rods, and on the same knoll, was 
found an ancient mound which was opened, but nothing noteworthy was un- 
earthed. 

On the northwest corner on the farm of Jacob Weigel, Washington Town- 
ship, and within twenty rods of the residence of Michael Bouse, a large mound 
in a corn-field was opened by the writer. This was opened in the usual way by 
making a perpendicular excavation at the summit. Great care was taken to no- 
tice everything. The soil and surroundings were very similar to those of the 
large Elkhart mound. A half dozen small pieces of charcoal were found about 
six inches above the skeletons, but no implements were found, save a fragment 
of pottery about three by four inches, one side evidently being the rim of an 
earthen vessel. This fragment did not seem to be among the bones, but was 
at least six inches above them. It is the opinion of the writer that it was a 
cast-away portion of some vessel, and got mingled with the earth when the 
mound was built. It resembles, in every respect, the fragments found in north- 
eastern Sparta Township. Portions of sixteen skeletons were unearthed, as 
was proved by the skulls, though their preservation was less perfect than those 
of the Elkhart mound. In other respects they were very much the same. There 
was at least the skeleton of one child present, as was proved by the vertebrae. 
If female skeletons wore present, such fact was not disclosed. The bones of 
the extremities were best preserved. The teeth were also quite sound, some 
being found where the maxillary bones had entirely decayed, save a small 
quantity of powder. Standing upon this mound was the stump of an oak 
about fifteen inches in diameter ; a small distance southeast of this a small 
sacrificial mound was opened, and as much as a bushel of chai'coal was thrown 
out ; nothing else of importance was seen. A member of the historical 
force opened a mound in the Salem Church Cemetery, Washington Township, 
but discovered nothing save a considerable quantity of charcoal. Mr. Denney 
opened two mounds on the farm of Samuel Myers, Orange Township, both 
containing nothing but charcoal ; he also opened three more near there, on the 
farm of Otis Grannis, one of them being eight feet in height and about eighty 
feet in diameter at the base. Three quite well-preserved skeletons were taken 
from this mound, one of the skulls being almost entire, and having a much bet- 
ter frontal development than the average. On this mound was an oak tree four 
feet in dinmeter, and probably more than three hundred years old. This mound 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 19 

is probably the largest in the county. Two other mounds near it, of average 
size, contained a bed of charcoal each. Mr. Denny, assisted by his brother 
Orville, opened three more on the bank of Skinner's Lake, Jefferson Town- 
ship, and took from one a quantity of human bones ; but this mound had been 
opened a number of years ago by novices in the neighborhood, who used no 
particular care either to observe or preserve, and the number of individuals 
buried there is unknown, though there were several. The other two mounds 
contained charcoal. The most important mound opened was one west of In- 
dian Village, and as it is just across the line in Kosciusko County, but little will 
be said of it here ; it was undoubtedly a sacrificial mound, as, besides a bed of 
charcoal, there were found many fragments of charred human bones, as pieces 
of half-burned skulls and other prominent bones of human beings clearly 
proved. Turtle skulls and various other bones belonging to that animal and 
others were found among the remains, and perhaps half a peck of these half- 
burned fragments were unearthed. It has been told the writer, on very good 
authority, that a mound in Washington Township was opened a number of 
years ago, from which were taken, besides skeletons, a number of copper orna- 
ments or trinkets. It is unfortunate that no careful and extended examination 
was made of this mound, if the above report is true. Too many mounds are 
opened by inexperienced persons, for often the structure of the mound itself 
shows to which class it belongs. 

Noble County has an interesting Indian history, though unfortunately 
but little of it is known. The tribes living in the northern part of Indiana 
during the last half of the last century were more or less actively engaged in 
all the border wars with the pioneers in Eastern Ohio, Western Pennsylvania 
and Northern Kentucky. Beyond question, white prisoners who were captured 
were often brought, not only to Fort Wayne, but to the Indian village in Sparta 
Township. One of the settlers living in Sparta Township picked up, many 
years ago, a stone having the shape represented below, and the indicated in- 
scriotion cut into the stone : 



I WAS TAKEN PRIS 
NER BEY THE IND 
lANS IN 1776 
ANDREW 
CLINTON 



20 ' HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

The stone is undoubtedly genuine, and, so far as known, Clinton was the first 
white man in the county. Some other evidences of the early presence of white 
men have been found, one being an inscription on a tree. There is no township 
in the county in which temporary Indian villages did not exist in early times, 
either before or after the appearance of the first white settlers. Every stream 
and lake has its legend of the red men of the woods, which will live in song 
and story as long as romance and mystery are admired. J. Fennimore Cooper 
has woven a crown of beauty about the dark brow of the Indian, that will be- 
come more heavily jeweled with gems of fancy as time passes. By his pure 
images of manly character, and his vast knowledge of the native American, he 
has blended every redeeming trait of the Indian race in a living type that will 
bear the criticism of ages. Longfellow has rendered into immortal song the 
life and legends of the Indian tribes. Is there anything sweeter than the fol- 
lowing description ? 

" ' After many years of warfare, 
Many years of strife and bloodshed, 
There is peace between the Ojibways 
And the tribe of the Dacotahs.' 
Thus continued Hiawatha, 
And then added, speaking slowly, 
' That this peace may last forever 
And our hands be clasped more closely> 
And our hearts be more united, 
Give me, as my wife, this maiden, 
Minnehaha, Laughing Water, 
Loveliest of Dacoiah women ! ' 

"And the ancient arrow-maker 

Paused a moment ere he answered. 

Smoked a little while in silence. 

Looked at Hiawatha proudly. 

Fondly looked at Laughing Water, 

And made answer very gravely : 
' Yes, if Minnehaha wishes ; 

Let your heart speak, Minnehaha!' 

And the lovely Laughing Water 

Seemed more lovely as she stood there, 

Neither willing nor reluctant. 

As she went to Hiawatha, 

Softly took the seat beside him, 

While she said, and blushed to say it, 
'I will follow you, my husband!' 

" This was Hiawatha's wooing I 
Thus it was he won the daughter 
Of the ancient arrow-maker 
In the land of the Dacotahs! 

"From the wigwam ho departed. 
Leading with him Laughing Water; 
Hand in hand they went together, 
Through the woodland and the meadow ; 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 21 

Left the old man standing lonely 
In the doorway of his wigwam, 
Heard the Falls of Minnehaha, 
Calling to them from the distance, 
Crying to them from afar off, 
' Fare thee well, Minnehaha ! ' 

" And the ancient arrow-maker 
Turned again unto his lahor, 
Sat down by his sunny doorway. 
Murmuring to himself, and saying, 
' Thus it is our daughters leave us. 
Those we love, and those who love us ; 
Just when they have learned to help us. 
When we are old and lean upon them. 
Comes a youth with tiauntiug feathers, 
With his flute of reeds, a stranger 
Wanders piping through the village. 
Beckons to the fairest maiden. 
And she follows where he leads her, 
Leaving all things for the stranger!'" 

The tribes with which Noble County has to deal in history are those of 
the Miamis and Pottawatomies. As far back as the records extend — to the 
time when the French missionaries and explorers were extending their chain 
of missions and settlements along the great lakes and downward toward the 
Mississippi — these tribes occupied much or all of Northern Indiana. Here they 
were found by the French, and here they were found by early traders and 
captive white men. While perhaps these tribes were not so actively engaged in 
the border wars in Eastern Ohio as those living in that vicinity, yet many 
warriors, thirsting for war and ambitious of distinction, made incursions toward 
the East, and joined the hostile bands that were laying waste the frontier 
settlements. This state of affairs continued until the war of 1812, at which 
time the Indians here were badly defeated, and at the point of the bayonet were 
compelled to lay down the weapons of war, and sue for peace in the most abject 
manner. Their lands were ceded to the victorious whites, and they were con- 
fined to their reservations and to peace. A trading station had been early 
established at Fort Wayne, and this became a central point, where the Indians 
obtained their supplies and disposed of their furs, etc. In 1810, Tecumseh, 
one of the bravest, ablest and craftiest savages that ever lived, whose tribe had 
been given a tract of land by the Indians living on the Wabash, began visiting 
all the Western tribes with the secret purpose of inciting them to a concerted 
attack on all the frontier settlements. At the same time, when approached on 
the subject, he repeatedly avowed his friendship for the whites, and professed 
his desire for peace. But Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, 
had no faith in the wily chieftain's professions, and continued his careful policy 
of handling the Indian question. Meantime, Tecumseh traveled among the 
various tribes, and by his craft and eloquence kindled them to the heat of war. 



22 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

At last, unknown to Tecumseh, and in direct opposition to his intentions, his 
brother, the prophet, attacked Gen. Harrison on the 7th of November, 1810, 
and was badly defeated at the battle of Tippecanoe. This immature movement 
on the part of the Indians was bitterly lamented by Tecumseh, who became 
terribly exasperated at his brother for the rash act, and threatened to kill him 
for thus foiling his schemes. But the Indian power was hopelessly broken, and 
the Miamis and Pottawatomies, who had taken an active part at Tippecanoe, 
buried the hatchet, and immured themselves within their assigned reservations. 
The writer has been unable to ascertain when the old reservation, which included 
a portion of Sparta and Washington Township, was assigned the above tribes ; 
but it was probably soon after the war of 1812, and prior to 1821. By the 
terms of agreement between the Indians and the Government, a large, square 
brick-house was erected at Indian Village on the reservation, to be used as the 
residence of the chief, Wawaassa, or " Flat Belly," as he was more generally 
known. This building, after being used several years as a combined council- 
house and residence, was blown down by a great wind, and was not afterward 
rebuilt. The early settlers utilized the brick in their chimneys, etc. The 
tribes mentioned occupied the reservation until the year 1839, when they were 
transferred to the Wabash, and afterward no Indians visited the county save 
occasional stragglers. The lands of the reservation were not thrown into market 
until the autumn of 1842, at which time many squatters were living thereon, 
some of them having made extensive improvements with the view of purchasing 
the land when it became marketable. Knowing that great hardships would be 
wrought the squatters unless something was done to protect them, the State 
Legislature made provision, that if their farms were entered by other parties, 
the improvements that had been made must be paid for by those who entered 
the land. This measure had in general the effect of deterriijg speculators and 
sharpers from their usual nefarious practices, though, in several instances where 
improvements made were insignificant, the squatter was obliged to leave his 
farm. The land of the reservation belonged to the State, and Logansport was 
the point where the entry had to be made. 

In 1837, "Flat Belly" died, and was succeeded by Mushquaw, who, the 
following year, got very "squiby" on poor whisky, and, while in that condi. 
tion, attempted to cross a small lake near the Indian village; but, as the effects 
of the alcohol rushed to his brain, he leaped up and began dancing in the canoe, 
but immediately upset it and was precipitated into the water, and being unable 
to help himself, was drowned. Matchagen was at this time Medicine Man at 
the reservation, and was called upon, after the manner of the whites, to pay a 
tribute to the memory of the deceased. He roughly pictured the condition of 
the drunken chief, and admonished his auditors to beware of the saddening 
effects of fire-water. He addressed the spirit of the dead Indian, and advised 
it not to get "squiby" while crossing the river of death to the spirit land, as 
it might fall into the water, where it would have to remain forever. Kymotee 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 23 

was elected chief after the death of Mushquaw, but he was killed soon after- 
ward under the following circumstances: Ashcum, a powerful young Indian, 
the son of a sub-chief, became enraged at a squaw, who was a relative of Ky- 
motee, and, in a paroxysm of anger, gave her a mortal wound with his knife. 
But her death was immediately avenged by Kymotee, who shot Ashcum, kill- 
ing him instantly. Ashcum had a very large brother, named Nagget, who was 
roused to vengeance by the death of his relative, whereupon he slew the brave 
Kymotee, but was himself immediately shot by another, who caught Nagget off 
his guard, and, with cocked rifle, said fiercely, with wrathful eyes, " Meanet 
Nagget, Jcinapoo" (very bad Nagget, me kill). The doomed Indian raised both 
arms above his head, turned his left side to the front and quietly waited for the 
fatal bullet. It came, and the brave chief fell dead upon the sod. Thus ended 
the chain of tragedies. 

There were about forty bark wigwams at Indian Village, Sparta Township, 
and just about the time the Pottawatomies left for the Wabash, and while they 
were temporarily absent from their town, a number of heartless settlers applied 
the torch and burned all their wigwams. These rude houses were standing 
where the cemetery now is. Prior to the time of their leaving the reservation, 
the Indians traveled on hunting excursions all over the county, mingling freely 
with the whites, and no trouble of note transpired. They would approach the 
settlers' cabins to beg, and in this important particular they rivaled the modern 
tramp in skill and expediency. They brought forward furs, game and trinkets 
to be traded for provisions, ammunition, etc. They established one or more 
temporary villages in almost every township in the county, and were thus 
brought in close proximity to the settlers. Many interesting anecdotes are 
narrated concerning them, which will be found in the chapters on the town- 
ships. The red man is gone, but he cannot be forgotten. His life will long 
be told as a bright romance of the past. 

"Ye say they all have passed away, 

That noble race and brave ; , 

That their light canoes have vanished 

From off the crested wave; 
That 'mid the forest where they roamed 

There rings no hunter's shout; 
But their name is on your waters, 
Ye may not wash it out." 

— Mrs. Sigourney. 



CHAPTER II. 

by nelson peentiss. 

Early Organization and Statistics— Gentjral Growth and Development- 
Drought OF 1838— The Internal Improvement Bill and the State 
Canal— Creation of the First Court— Trial and Execution of John 
Lechner— The County Seat Question— Public Buildings and County 
Officials— The Bench and Bar— Anecdotes— The Medical Profession. 

FIFTY years ago almost the whole of Northern Indiana, of which Noble 
County forms a part, was an unbroken wilderness. Its wide and 
tangled forests and its blooming prairies were the haunts of wild beasts and the 
home of roving tribes of Indians. Only here and there were to be seen any 
traces of civilization. At Fort Wayne, there was a trading-post where a few 
whites were gathered, and at South Bend a similar station. Little was then 
known of the country, save that it was considered as one of the Far West front- 
iers, on the outer verge of civilization, with only here and there a "cabin," 
whose inmates were destined to battle with the dangers and privations of front- 
ier life. The early French trader or the zealous missionary, as he urged his 
" pirogue " through the waters of the St. Joseph, the Wabash or Maumee, 
could sometimes see peering through the forest a few log cabins, and here and 
there a clearing, but these were mostly along the banks of the rivers, while 
back only a few miles was the vast wilderness interior, still occupied by its 
forest lords, whose hostile attacks were yet dreaded by the defenseless settlers. 
Bold and determined was the adventurer who at that early day made this West- 
ern wild his home. But those were found whose daring was equal to the emer- 
gency and who were well qualified for the task. Of such were the pioneers of 
Noble County. Kentucky and Ohio, which had recently been settled, amid all 
the hardships of border life and the alarms of savage warfare, were now pre- 
pared to furnish recruits for another crusade against barbarism, while from the 
sterile hills of New England the thrifty Yankee took his way westward, in the 
hope of finding a home where his honest toil should be repaid by better returns. 
But it was chiefly those who were inured to perils, and who had met the wily 
savage in his ambuscade, who first penetrated the wilds of Northern Indiana, 
and thus laid the foundation for the present happiness and prosperity of the 
citizens of Noble County. 

When Indiana was admitted into the Union as a State in 1816, the whole 
of Northeastern Indiana was included in Knox County, with the county seat at 
Vincennes. In 1818, the county of Randolph was created, including the county 
of Noble, with the county seat at Winchester. In 1823 or 1824 (both dates 
being given), Allen County was organized, taking in Noble County, with tiie 
county seat at Fort Wayne, and this continued until 1832, when the county of 




y/. 



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C^-c<^ 



JUDGE CIRCUIT COURT 




HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 27 

La Grange was organized by act of the General Assembly, tlie present county 
of Noble being included in the new county, the seat of justice being at Lima. 
The county of Noble was organized in 1836, by act of the Legislature, and an 
election was ordered to take place on the first Monday of June of that year. 
In consequence of the destruction of the records in the Clerk's office in 1858, 
it is impossible to give the number of votes cast at the first election, but we feel 
sure that there were but few, for, in 1838, according to the returns on the duplicate 
for that year, there were only eighty-two polls in the county. At this election 
the following officers were elected : Clerk and Recorder, Isaac Spencer ; Sheriff, 
James Hostetter ; Associate Judges, Elisha Blackman and James Latta ; Cor- 
oner, Henry Engle ; County Commissioners — Joel Bristol, Henry Hostetter, 
Sr., and Abraham Pancake. 

At this election two of the Commissioners elected lived in the same town- 
ship, why, I do not know. It may have been that there was no one in the Mid- 
dle District qualified to hold the office. However, Hostetter only held the office 
for a short time before he resigned, and Zenas Wright, of York Township, was 
elected. The county of Noble as organized was eighteen miles in extent from 
north to south, and twenty-four from east to west, containing 432 square miles. 
In 1860, upon petition of the citizens residing thereon, a strip two miles in 
width across the south side of Township 33, Range 8 (Washington Township), 
was attached to Whitley County, leaving in Noble 420 square miles. At the 
first session of the Board of Commissioners the county was divided into civil 
townships, corresponding to the Congressional townships, and were by the Com- 
missioners named, which names they still retain. The record of this action by 
the Commissioners was destroyed at the burning of the court house at Augusta 
in 1843, but the fact remains. Commencing at the southwest corner of the 
county, they numbered and named the townships as follows : No. 1, Washington ; 
No. 2, Sparta ; No. 3, Perry ; No. 4, Elkhart; No. 5. York ; No. 6, Noble ; 
No. 7, Jefferson ; No. 8, Orange ; No. 10, Wayne ; No. 11, Allen; No. 12, 
Swan. Each of these townships was six miles square, and all remain so at 
present, except that two sections (18 and 19) were taken from Jefferson, and 
two sections (13 and 24) were taken from York, and these four sections were 
made Albion Township, No. 13. Before the organization of Noble County, and 
while it was a part of Iia Grange, there was but one township organization, and 
this included a part of what is now La Grange. This township was called Perry, 
and, at an election held at the house of John Hostetter in April, 1833, Jacob 
Wolf was elected Justice of the Peace, he being the first officer elected within 
the limits of Noble County. Mr. Wolf is still living where he located fifty 
years ago, advanced in life, but still in the enjoyment of a reasonable degree of 
health, and a fine representative of that spirit of genuine hospitality so common 
at that early date. 

The first settlement made in Noble County by white people was that made 
by Joel Bristol in April, 1827, in Noble Township. The family consisted of 



28 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Mr. Bristol and his wife, and the orphan children of Mrs. Bristol's sister, si.x in 
number. The name of these children was Tibbott, and two of them, Isaac Tib- 
bott, Esq., of Wawaka, and Mrs. A. G. Gibson, are still residents of Noble 
County, and are both in comfortable circumstances, and are respected by all 
good citizens. Bristol and his wife have long since passed away. For several 
years after the settlement of Bristol, but few settlers stopped in Noble County, 
as the beautiful prairies lying to the north and west presented greater attrac- 
tions. John Knight settled in the county in 1829, and, in 1830, Isaiah Dun- 
gan, Levi Perry and Richard Stone came, and the next year the population was 
further increased by the arrival of Jacob Wolf, Henry Hostetter, Sr., and his 
family, Adam Engle and family, Jacob Shobe and family, and Henry Miller 
and wife, Joseph Smalley and family, Leonard Banner, and perhaps some few 
others whose names may have been forgotten. A few continued to come, and 
all were heartily welcomed by the settlers, and, at the time the county was 
organized, there were probably less than one hundred families in the county, 
more than half the number being within the present limits of Perry Township, 
where "Perry's Prairie" and the "Haw Patch" offered inducements not found 
in any other part of the county. The first land purchased of the Government 
in the county was in Perry, and was entered in 1831, and by an examination 
■of the Tract Book it appears that the following lands were entered during tliat 
year : 

Name or Fuhohuer. Date. Desokiption. 

Isaiah Dungan June 11, 1831 Northeast quarter of Section 33. 

Levi Perry June 11, 1831 East half of southeast quarter of Section o3. 

Jacob Shobe July ^9, 1831 Northeast quarter of Section 31. 

Jacob Shobe July 29, 1831 West half of northwest quarter of Section 32. 

Jacob Shobe July 29, 1831 West half of northwest quarter of Section 33. 

Susanna Hagan August 2, 1831 West half of northwest quarter of Section 34. 

Adam Engle August 12, 1831 Southeast quarter of Section 28. 

Adam Engle August 12, 1831 East half of southwest quarter of Section 27. 

Henry Engle August 20, 1831 West half of southwest quarter of Section 27. 

Jacob Wolf August 20, 1831 Northeast quarter of Section 28. 

John lies August 20, 1831 East half of northwest quarter of Section 28. 

William Engle August 20, 1831 East half of northwest quarter of Section 34. 

Daniel Harsh August 22, 1831 West half of southeast quarter of Section 33. 

Joseph Smalley September 13, 1831 Southwest quarter of Section 28. 

Joseph Smalley September 14, 1831 Northeast quarter of Section 32. 

Joseph Smalley September 14, 1831 East half of southwest quarter of Section 33. 

Joseph Smalley September 14, 1831 West half of southwest quarter of Section 34. 

H. Hostetter November 1, 1831 East half of northwest quarter of Section .34. 

L. Danner November 21, 1831 Southeast quarter of Section 18. 

Henry Miller November 25, 1831 East half of southwest quarter of Section 34. 

All of said land being in Township 35 north, Range 8 etist, in Perry 
Township. The foregoing entries embrace all the land entered in Noble 
County in 1881, and amount to 2,120 acres. In 1832, the entries amounted to 
3,320; in 1833, 2,820; in 1834, 5,860; in 1835, 18,222; and in 1836, before 
the county was organized, which was in March, 1,006 acres, making in all. of 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 29 

land entered before the county was organized, 33,048 acres, or about one-ninth 
of all the land embraced within the limits of the county. There was, without 
doubt, more land entered in 1836 than in all the years that preceded it, for 
this was the time of the great rush to Northern Indiana. During all the season 
land buyers thronged the country, and all the talk was of section corners and 
quarter sections. Most of those who came were looking for future homes, and 
were cordially welcomed by those who were already here, and to them the 
"latch-string" was always out and every assistance rendered to assist them in 
making good purchases. But there was another class of land buyers, who met 
with little encouragement from the settlers. I refer to those who came here for 
the purpose of buying large tracts of land, not for cultivation, but to hold for 
the purpose of speculation. Frequently large tracts were bought up by these 
men (land-sharks, the settlers called them), and held at prices that the poor 
man could not afford to pay, and hence the growth and development of the 
country was crippled. A system of swindling was also practiced extensively 
about the land office at Fort Wayne by a set of sharpers, which was at once 
dishonest and cruel. When some honest farmer, who had selected and would 
apply to purchase the land he wanted for a home, one of these thieves would 
look him up, and say that he wanted the same tract, and threaten to bid on 
the land unless a compromise was made. Frequently considerable sums were 
thus stolen from the settler, when the rascal who pocketed his ill-gotten gains 
had no intention of buying the land, and, in fact, had never seen it. But not- 
withstanding all the difficulties and drawbacks that beset the early settlers, 
much land was entered by men who at once took possession of it, erected their 
cabins, and, witii willing hearts and strong hands, leveled the forests, cleared 
the land, and, as soon as possible, started some crop to furnish the means of 
living for themselves and their families. In those early days, a large family 
of children was the rule, a small family the exception. The rule seems to be 
reversed in these later days, owing, probably, to the fact that the soil is not as 
productive now as it was at that early day. If a small patch could be pre- 
pared in season, it was planted in corn ; if too late for corn, then some pota- 
toes were put out; if too late for potatoes, the pioneer would try turnips; and 
if too late for turnips, some of the ground would be sown for wheat in the fall. 
Most of the settlers of 1836 came too late in the season to raise anything for 
their support the first season, and had to depend upon buying from those who 
had been here long enough to raise a surplus. Their chief dependence was 
upon those who had settled on "Perry's Prairie," in this county, and upon the 
prairies of La Grange, Elkhart and Kosciusko Counties, where the settlers had 
found the land already cleared and where many of the farmers had large and 
productive farms under cultivation. 

The lack of the settlers during this year to raise enough to supply their 
wants created an unusual demand for the necessaries of life, and prices rose in 
proportion to the demand ; and as most of the early settlers were men of lim- 



30 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

ited means, and had invested all, or nearly all their means in the purchase of 
their land, it would not be strange if there occurred some cases of actual suf- 
fering for the necessaries of life. Let us hope that if such cases did occur that 
they were few, for it is painful to contemplate the possibility of such a state of 
affairs. To make matters more trying on the new settlers, there was consider- 
able suffering from fever and ague during the later part of the summer and 
the fall, and medicine and physicians were not to be had, and the only resource 
was such domestic remedies as were within reach of the settlers. Winter 
checked the ravages or the disease, and there was no difficulty in keeping the 
cabin warm and comfortable, for wood was about the only commodity that was 
plenty, and the greatest difficulty was to get it out of the way. The winter 
months were devoted to chopping and preparing to clear more land in the 
spring. Let it not be supposed that the settler of that day was selfish or un- 
social ; far from it. They had their social gatherings, their log-rollings, and 
their dances; and if the young people of that day did not "Trip the light 
fantastic toe,'' under the direction of the French dancing-master, and to the 
music of a full orchestra, yet they did trip the toe, and that frequently a bare 
one, on 'the puncheon floor, as they danced the "Square Freach-four." 
shuffled through the " Virginia reel," or threaded the mazes of " Hunt the 
Squirrel," to the inspiring strains of the " Devil's Dream," " Silver Creek," 
or " Sally Johnson," ground out by the ancient fiddler on the fiddle which was 
his grandfather's delight in his young days. Then the people met upon a 
level ; they felt that all were equal ; they had no high, no low ; and to-day the 
old pioneers look back upon those days with feelings of regret and long for 
the days of "Lang Syne." 

All through the summer of 1836 the white covers of the emigrants' 
wagons could be seen winding along the crooked paths that had been cut 
through the timber — for we had not then any laid-out roads ; the first teamster 
cut out a track, and the others followed until the mud became too deep for 
travel, when another road was cut out, so that there were roads everywhere. 
This applies to the heavy timbered lands. On the openings, where the soil was 
sandy, the roads were generally good, and when a new track became necessary, 
you could drive anywhere without hindrance, for at that day the country pre- 
sented a very different appearance from what we see at the present day. It was 
the custom of the Indians to burn the woods, marshes and prairies, each spring, 
and this annual burning kept down the under growth, so that on the openings 
nothing was left to obstruct the view, except the large trees scattered here and 
there. In many places, where to-day a second growth of timber completely 
covers the ground, the openings then were like an open prairie, with here and 
there a giant oak. 

No more enchanting scene was ever presented to the human eye than these 
openings in the spring. As far as the eye could reach was spread out a scene 
of surpassing loveliness. The tender grass just springing up and spreading a 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 31 

carpet of green over the whole landscape, which was further beautified by 
flowers of every hue, and as you survey the scene, a herd of deer appear in 
the distance, or the impudent prairie-wolf approaches just near enough to be 
out of range of the trusty rifle— our inseparable companion in these rambles. 
Nor should we forget to bring upon the stage as a part of the picture the na- 
tive, who once held undisputed control over all this land, nor dreamed that the 
day would come when he would be driven from these scenes of his youth, and 
leave to desecration the graves of his fathers. Talk of your flower-gardens or 
your parks, ^r anything that man has made in his weak eSbrts to imitate na- 
ture ! To one who has seen the oak openings of Noble County, in all their 
pristine glory and loveliness, man's imitations are tame and insipid. The year 
of 1837 was not marked by anything peculiar, except that more settlers came 
than during any previous year. Many who entered land in 1836 returned to 
their former homes to settle their business, and in the spring of 1837 returned 
with their families to this county — their future home. 

The year of 1838 will be remembered by the early settlers as long as one 
is left; many settled here in 1837, and others came in the early part of 1838. 
The spring opened wet, and the season continued so until about the middle of 
June, when the rain ceased and no more fell during the remainder of the sum- 
mer and fall, and some wheat sown that fall did not germinate until after snow 
fell. The swamps and marshes were filled with water, and the heat of the 
summer was intense. As a consequence, the water in the swamps was rapidly 
evaporated, and the atmosphere became contaminated and poisoned by the 
noxious exhalations, and the whole country was transformed into one vast hos- 
pital, filled with suflFering patients, but destitute of physicians, medicines or 
nurses. Never before or since has such a time been experienced in Noble 
County. There was scarcely a house in the whole county where all were well, 
and in many all were prostrated by disease. Physicians were scarce and diffi- 
cult to obtain ; nor were they exempt from the ravages of disease. Medicines 
could not be obtained, and the sufferings then endured will never be known. 
Many of the early settlers died during this season, and it is sad to think that 
probably some perished from lack of proper treatment. But let no one for a 
moment suppose that this lack arose from any willful neglect on the part of the 
settlers. A woman has been known to walk several miles along an Indian 
trail to wait upon a sick neighbor, and frequently she was compelled to carry a 
child in her arms. And this was no unusual occurrence. The people were 
kind and sympathetic, and warm and tender hearts throbbed beneath the buck- 
skin hunting shirt and the linsey dress. But there was a point they could not 
pass. Strong though they were, they must succumb to disease, and they could 
not attend to others when they needed the same attention themselves. In one 
house at Rochester, thirteen persons lay sick, and in the whole village only 
two people were able to go from house to house, and these two were busy day 
and night ministering to the necessities of the suffering with the most unselfish 



32 HISTORY OK NOBLE COUNTY. 

devotion. Their names deserve to be held in grateful remembrance as long as 
a pioneer or any of his descendants survive. They were Mr. Dorus Swift and 
Miss Achsah Kent. The frosts of autumn checked the ravages of disease, and 
health once more visited the settlers, although the effects of the season remained 
with some, and during the following fall and winter several old persons died. At 
the session of the General Assembly for 1836-37, a bill was passed called " The 
Internal Improvement Bill." By the provisions of this act. the State under- 
took a scheme of digging canals all over the land, and among the works con- 
templated was a canal from Fort Wayne to Michigan City. This was to enter 
Noble County in Swan Township, thence in a northwesterly direction through 
Swan, Green, York and Perry Townships, passing through Port Mitchell; and 
between Augusta and Albion, and into the Elkhart River west of the present 
residence of James J. Knox, in Elkhart Township. Here it was to enter the 
backwater of a seven-foot dam, to be built across the Elkhart River at Roch- 
ester. Thence it was to pass through Rochester and Ligoaier, and follow the 
river to the west line of the county. Near the place where the canal was to 
enter the river, it was to be intersected by a navigable feeder from Northport, 
where a dam was to be erected to form a reservoir. There was also a reservoir 
to be made in Green Township to feed the canal at the Summit, which is in 
this township. Work was commenced in Noble County in Green, and also at 
Northport, the work on the summit which divides the waters flowing north 
into the Elkhart River and the waters flowing south into the Tippecanoe. 
Here the greatest amount of work was done, but there was considerable done 
in the vicinity of Northport, where the feeder dam was erected, and some of 
the canal excavated, and now, in passing from Albion to Rome City, the trav- 
eler passes along the bed of what was intended to be the navigable feeder, had 
this grand scheme ever been completed. But the State soon found that she 
had undertaken too much, and, being unable to meet her obligations, the work 
was suspended, and the amount expended became a total loss. The dam at 
Northport was built, but was subsequently washed out, and three persons who 
were on the dam at the time were drowned. Subsequently one of the bodies 
was found floating in a small pond below, but the others were never found. 
The State afterward rebuilt the dam, and donated the water-power to Noble 
County for the benefit of common schools, making the Board of Commissioners 
the custodians of the property. The Commissioners leased the water-power for 
a term of ninety-nine years, at an annual rental of $30. A grist-mill, a saw- 
mill, and quite an extensive woolen factory were erected and propelled by the 
water-power created by the dam. The factory was destroyed by fire, since 
which only the mills before referred to are run by the water from the reservoir. 
The affairs of the canal were closed up in the spring of 18i0, and all that is 
now left of this magnificent enterprise is the dam, and some excavations here 
and there to mar the face of the country. Probably nearly $200,000 was 
expended by the State. 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 33 

From the first settlement of Northern Indiana the country was infested 
with a gang of desperadoes, and of these Noble County had her full share. 
These men were engaged in theft, robbery and passing counterfeit money, and 
it was at times darkly hinted that even murder was committed by them. 
Among them there appeared to be a passion for horses, and so far did this pre- 
vail that it made little difference to whom the horse belonged, and the settler 
frequently found his log stable empty in the morning, when it had the evening 
before been occupied by his horse. Horses were at this time (1839) scarce, and 
the loss of one a great calamity, as on the team depended to a great extent the 
support of the family. Hence, it is not surprising that curses deep and sincere 
were breathed by the settlers against these rascals, and it is probable that, had 
any of them been caught in the act, retribution swift and certain would have 
followed without waiting for due process of law. So many confederates were 
scattered through the county that pursuit was generally useless, for they had a 
regular organization, and stations where stolen property could be secreted in 
such a manner as to elude all search. Late in the fall of 1838, one of the 
gang, who had partaken too freely of "dead shot" or "tangle foot," became 
very communicative and confidential, and made propositions to one of the citi- 
zens who kept a small store to join them, urging, as an inducement, that he 
would have superior advantages for passing counterfeit money. The citizen, 
after consulting with neighbors, agreed to the proposition, intending to act the 
part of a spy, and when he had learned all he could to make it public, and try 
to break up the gang. To say the least, the undertaking was a hazardous one, 
and rendered doubly so by the desperate character of the men he sought to 
entrap, but before he had made any progress in the matter, two horse-thieves 
were arrested in the Haw Patch, and a stolen horse found in the neighborhood, 
where they had turned it loose, having stolen a blind horse by mistake. The 
news soon spread that horse-thieves had been captured, and were at Stone's, on 
the Fort Wayne & Goshen road. The whole country was aroused, and the 
men from far and near gathered at the place, and it required all the efforts of 
the ofiBcers, backed by the conservative element among the citizens, to save 
their lives. Nor is this to be thought strange. The settlers had suffered so 
much from their depredations, and had seen them escape so easily when arrested, 
that they determined to take the law into their own hands and mete out con- 
dign punishment upon the heads of the offenders. Being assured that the 
thieves should be dealt with according to law, they desisted from further hostile 
deiTionstrations, and assisted the officers in executing the process of the court. 
Warrants were issued for about twenty persons, many of whom were arrested, 
but some having had warning left the county and never returned. The trials 
were held at Stone's tavern, three miles south of Ligonier, before Nelson Pren- 
tiss, a Justice of the Peace of Sparta Township, and lasted ten days. There 
were present at these examinations all the settlers for a circuit of many miles, 
many of whom remained all night to prevent any attempt at a rescue of the 



34 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

prisoners. No such attempt was made, and the trials proceeded in an orderly 
manner. There were no attorneys in Noble County at that time ; hence counsel 
had to be procured elsewhere. The prisoners were defended by Hon. Charles 
W. Ewing and Robert Breckenridge, Jr., of Fort Wayne; and an attorney 
from Piqua, Ohio, happening to be passing that way was employed by the peo- 
ple to prosecute. The cases were ably prosecuted, and the accused properly 
defended. Nine were held to appear at the next term of the Circuit Court, 
and all failing to find bail, seven of the number were sent to Fort Wayne and 
two to Goshen to be imprisoned, there being at the time no jail in Noble 
County. The two seiit to Goshen were released upon a writ of habeas corpus 
for some pretended irregularity in the papers, while the seven sent to Fort 
Wayne released themselves by breaking out of the old jail at that place, and 
thus ended the first raid on the blacklegs of Noble County, but the people had 
rest for a season. But few settlers came to the county in 1839. The sad 
experiences of 1838 sent many back to their former homes, and the reports of 
the hardships that they had endured so alarmed others that few had the courage 
to risk the chances of a home in Indiana. There is little of general interest to 
write concerning 1839 more than what has already been .said. During the 
year of 18-10, more settlers came than in the previous year. It began to be 
asuenained that people could live in Noble County, and several who had 
remained began to gather about them not only the necessaries, but also some of 
the conveniences of life, and the settler who had battled manfully with adverse 
circumstances began to look forward to a time of greater enjoyment, when he 
could sit beneath '• his own vine and fig-tree," and enjoy the fruit of his honest 
toil. 

During this year there was perpetrated in the county a brutal murder. 
On the 16th day of May, 1840, at the village of Rochester, a number of per- 
sons were engaged in drinking poor whisky and shooting at a mark, a pastime 
quite common in those days. The natural consequences followed ; some be- 
came drunk and quarrelsome, and fit for any act of violence. Among the 
number were John Lechner, a. German, and John Farley, an Irishman. Both 
were under the influence of liquor, and Lechner, when drunk, was quarrelsome 
and abusive. A dispute arose, angry words passed and blows were exchanged; 
but Farley, who was a small man, was not able to cope with his burly antago- 
nist. Farley escaped from Lechner and started to run, when Lechner seized his 
rifle and fired at Farley, missing him ; Farley ran a short distance when he 
climbed upon a fence, when a few words passed between them ; Lechner then 
took a gun from the hands of his nephew, and taking deliberate aim shot Far- 
ley dead upon the spot. He then attempted to escape but was arrested and 
brought before Esiiuire Daniel Harsh, and was by him committed to jail in 
Goshen, there being no jail in Noble County. At that time there were but 
two terms of the Circuit Court in each year, in September and March. The 
cause came up for trial at the September terra, before .John W. Wright, Presi- 




i?^. 



4 



I 



'">. s. 





CLERK CIRCUIT COURT 



HISTOaY' OF NOBLE COUNTY. 37 

(lent Judge, and Tlioraas H. Wilson and Jacob Stage, Associate Judges. The 
prosecution was conducted by Lucien P. Ferry, Prosecuting Attorney, of Fort 
Wayne; and the court assigned as counsel for the prisoner Hon. Charles W. 
Ewing and Robert Breckenridge, Jr. The records of the courts of that date 
having been destroyed by fire, some matters in connection with the trial can- 
not be given, and the names of the jurors who tried the case have been forgot- 
ten. The evidence was clear; in fact, there was not one extenuating or 
palliating circumstance. The guilt of the accused was established beyond 
a doubt, and although both Breckenridge and Ewing put forth their best efforts, 
they were of no avail. The speech of Judge Ewing on that occasion was probably 
the strongest appeal ever made to a jury in the county. Lechner was found 
guilty by the jury and the punishment fixed was death. He was sentenced to 
be hanged November 3, 1840. The sentence was executed on that day about half 
a mile west of Augusta, by Mason M. Meriam, Sheriff of the county. A large 
concourse of people were present, not only from Noble, but also from adjoining 
counties. This is the only judicial execution that has occurred in the county. 
After the sentence was executed, Lechner's body was taken in a wagon and 
driven rapidly to the western part of the county and privately buried, and few 
are now living who know the place. Farley, the murdered man, was buried in 
the old cemetery at Ligonier. The parties in the tragedy were both drunk, 
and the crime can be charged to nothing but alcohol. Perhaps it may not be 
out of place to remark that, up to this time, political differences had not dis- 
turbed the settlements. At the first election, in 1836, men of both political 
parties were elected ; Spencer, Bristol and Pancake were Democrats, while the 
two Hostetters and Engle were Whigs; and in 1838, when a convention was 
called to nominate officers, men of both participated in the same meeting, the 
chief object being to find good men willing to serve. But in 1840, things were 
changed, for the wave of " Tippecanoe and Tyler, too," struck Noble County. 
Political tricksters now make their appearance, and demagogues perambulate 
the county, anxious to sacrifice themselves for the good of the dear people, and 
communities which once moved and acted in concert are rent to fragments, and 
arrayed in hostility to each other. During all the preceding years, while the 
tide of emigration was pouring into the county, there existed among the people 
a strong sympathy with each other, and strife and contention were strangers. 
There was no dividing up into classes ; all were friendly, for all ivere poor. 
And now the old pioneer of Noble looks back with regret to many things that 
were common at that early day, but have passed away never to return. The 
year 1841 was not marked by anything unusual in the development of the 
county, unless it be by increasing prosperity among the settlers. Emigrants con- 
tinued to come and the country was fast filling up, better dwellings were erect- 
ed, more land was cultivated, and better implements of husbandry were 
used, and it may be said that the most sanguine hopes of the settlers were 
realized. 



38 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

During this year, there occurred a sad circumstance, that should not be 
passe(i over without notice, as it may be that in the future some light may be 
thrown upon what is now, and the last forty years has been, dark and mysteri- 
ous. On the 2d day of June, Mr. Aaron Noe, who resided on the farm now 
owned and occupied by Charles Weade, about two and a half miles southeast 
from Cromwell, started with his team to Elkhart County to mill. He left 
home early in the morning, and when near home, having just started, he ob- 
served his son, about three years old, following the wagon. He stopped 
and directed the child to go back to the house, and then proceeded on his 
journey. No further notice seems to have been taken of the child's absence 
for some time. There were several children belonging to the family, and the 
mother probably supposed that it was with them. The other children returning 
to the house without the boy, Mrs. Noe commenced to search for him, but was 
unable to find him. Becoming now alarmed, she and the older children con- 
tinued the search. They found the little tracks in the road where it was last 
seen and for a short distance beyond, going from the house and in tlie direction 
taken by the father with his wagon, when the nature of the ground prevented 
any further traces of foot-prints. Having searched for several hours in vain, 
the now distracted mother sent word to her nearest neighbors, and they, in 
turn, to others, and before night seventy-five or one hundred of the settlers 
were gathered, ready to render any assistance in their power. The woods 
along Solomon's Creek, where the child was lost, were swampy and afforded a 
retreat for the large timber-wolf, and there were many at that time in the 
county. There were droves of half-wild hogs, scarcely less savage and dan- 
gerous than wolves. The child had on only one garment, a loose slip or gown, 
and thus unprotected, if it should escape from the animals, it was probable 
that the insects, with which the woods were swarming at that season of the 
year, would torment it to death before another morning. It should be ob- 
served, that during the day a small body of Indians had passed the place, trav- 
eling in an easterly direction. It was surmised that they might have kidnaped 
the child, and it was determined to send some persons after them to learn 
whether such was the fact. Accordingly, Mitchell McClintock, Oliver Wright 
and Harvey McKinney, all old frontiersmen, were selected for this service. 
They left Noe's a little before sunset, and, following the trail, found the Indi- 
ans encamped on the bank of Bowen's Lake, in Green Township. On coming 
in sight of the encampment, they concluded to take the camp by surprise, lest 
they should escape with the child, if they had it. Mounting ,their horses, they 
dashed at full speed into the midst of the sleeping Indians. Amidst the con- 
fusion, some of the Indians escaped to the woods, but they returned in a short 
time, and all denied having had or even seen the child. In this, it is probable, 
they told the truth, for they had been seen by several persons during the day, 
after they passed Noe's place, and no white cliild was seen with them. The 
party sent out returned the same night ami reported their failure, and it was 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 39 

then agreed to make thorough search and, if possible, find the little one alive, 
or if dead, to discover some traces that should disclose the fact of when, where 
and how it died. The next morning the search commenced. Lines were 
formed, the men walking within a few feet of each other, and travelincr the 
country in every direction for several miles, and this was continued for eight 
•or ten days. The search was made as thorough and complete as possible. 
Every swamp was explored, every pool of water was dragged, every hollow log 
found was torn to pieces. All business was suspended and the great heirt of 
the community went out as the heart of one man, in sympathy with the be- 
reaved ones: but it was all in vain. No trace of the missing one was ever 
found. Whether, indeed, the little wanderer was picked up by Indians and 
brought up among them as one of their tribe; whether it met its death froin 
some savage beast, or died from the more lingering torments of hunger and 
fatigue, are subjects upon which we may speculate, but which we shall probably 
never know. 

From this time forth, the growth of the county has continued until the 
present. The first census taken in Noble County was in IS-IO, when the pop- 
ulation was 2,702. This census was taken by Isaac Spencer. In 1850, Hiram 
S. Tousley took the census, which was now 7,946. In 1860, John 0. Rich- 
mond was Deputy Marshal, and found 14,915. In 1870, the population was 
20,389, and in 1880 it was 22,804. When the first census was taken, in 1840. 
Noble County, in population, was the seventieth ; in 1850, it was the fifty - 
ninth; in 1860, the forty-first, and in 1870, the twenty eighth, a position that 
she still holds. 

During the time that the steady stream of population was pouring into the 
county good prices were obtained for all agricultural products, but when the 
settlers had so improved their lands that a surplus began to accumulate, prices 
began to decline, and, for several years, all products raised by the farmer were 
very cheap. Wheat, after being hauled to Fort Wayne, was worth about 40 
cents; corn, 12i ; pork from $1 to $1.25 per 100 pounds. Labor was corre- 
spondingly cheap, and day laborers" wages from 31 to 40 cents per day. This 
was in consequence of a lack of transportation to the sea-board. Railroads 
were then unknown, and, for a time, all produce had to reach the lakes, either 
at Toledo or Michigan City. In 1848, the Wabash & Erie Canal was opened 
from Fort Wayne to Toledo, and this had a tendency to give better prices, 
though wheat was then worth only about 60 cents at the most favorable times, 
but the construction of railroads has created a good market, and now tlie 
farmers of Noble County are receiving good prices near home for all their sur- 
plus products. 

The records of the Auditor's oSice having been destroyed in 1843, it is 
impossible to ascertain the valuation of property in the county prior to that 
time or the total amount of taxes paid each year; but from the Auditor of 
■State the taxes paid to the State prior to that time have been ascertained, and 



40 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 



by computation we may reach very nearly the number of polls in the county 
for each year. There appears to have been no taxes paid to the State until 
1838, and that year Noble County paid $301.35. In 1839, $385.50 ; in 1840, 
$381.72 ; in 1841, $870.59, and, in 1842, $1,515.44. This only includes the 
State taxes, and we can only approximate the total taxes for all purposes, but 
it is safe to say that three times the State tax would make the entire duplicate. 
Again the number of polls is not given prior to 1843, but we arrive at a result 
that is nearly correct by calculation, and find the following : 

In 1838, we had eighty-one polls, and the duplicate was S 904 06 

In 1839, we had ninety-nine polls, and the duplicate was 1,150 60 

In 1840, we had ninety-nine polls, and the duplicate was 1,145 16 

In 1841, we had two hundred and ninety-seven polls, and the duplicate 

was 2,(ill 77 

In 1842, we had five hundred and twenty-two polls, and the duplicate 

was 4,546 32 

The effects of the scourge of 1838 are plainly seen in the two years that 
follow it. The following table is'from the records : 



1843.. 
1844.. 
1845.. 
1846., 
1847.. 
1848.. 
1849., 
18S0. 
1851.. 
1852.. 
1853.. 
1854.. 

lh.)5.. 
Ii-56. 
IS.i7., 
1858., 
18.59., 
18ti0., 
18'il., 
18IJ2.. 



VALUATION. 



1 558, 

564, 

582, 

732, 

649,1 

656 

706, 

733, 

1,381, 

1.391 

1,556. 

1,758 

1,901 

1,893, 

1,882, 

1,996, 

2,809 

2,881 

2,847, 

2.874, 



386 
18 
828 
080 
822 
478 
085 
572 
913 
329 
515- 
778 
190 
474 
375 
678 
,335 
504 
979 
874 



DPPLICATB. 


POLLB. 


7,477 


22 


611 


9,320 


01 


099 


7,500 


99 


848 


17,415 


24 


949 


13,049 


40 


1,027 


13,959 


57 


1,024 


8,633 


76 


1.236 


13,073 


30 


1,313 


17,333 


31 


1,475 


16,560 


73 


1,512 


10,576 


04 


1,560 


25,833 


31 


1,638 


25,019 


55 


1,790 


25,155 


99 


1,840 


25,973 


75 


1,998 


26,799 


64 


2,1.32 


36,395 


35 


2,372 


37,720 


43 


2,.362 


39,041 


82 


2,517 


41,018 


36 


2,620 



1863., 
1864 , 
1865., 
1866. 
1867. 
1868., 
1869., 
1870., 
187!., 
1872. 
1873., 
1874., 
1875., 
1876., 
1877.. 
1878., 
1879., 
1880. 
1881. 



VALUATION. 



088,978 
709,157 
108,295 
558,495 
,643,428 
910,492 
767,6.30 
702,446 
747,295 
731,695 
948,432 
323,026 
959,098 
027,103 
903,424 
,984.795 
877,715 
295,626 
027,103 



DUPLICATE. 



i 49,640 72 

63,193 28 

173,828 82 

67,500 97 

68,129 28 

72,138 50 

81,486 87 

69,486 06 

82,191 64 

101,539 11 

163,967 73 

113,485 15 

114,882 05 

118,830 54 

106,255 68 

105,917 50 

113.680 80 

114,775 62 

not comp'd 



2,491 
2,457 
2,314 
3,013 
3,270 
3,334 
3,324 
3,318 
3,398 
3,199 
3,239 
3,359 
3,365 
3,588 
3,681 
3,728 
3,704 
3,750 
3,778 



Thus, from the insignificant amount of about $1,000, the total amount of 
ta.xes paid in 18 '8, there is now collected over $100,000. And in consequence 
of the increased wealth, tiie taxes are now paid with less trouble than in early 
times. The raih'oad corporations in the county pay taxes on over $1,000,000 
valuation, thus paying one-ninth of the entire taxes paid. The increase in the 
material wealth is amazing. In 1843, there was but one man in the whole 
county that was assessed with personal property to the amount of $500. In 
that year, Joseph Galloway, of Washington Township, returned that amount, 
and now a farmer who has not that amount, or more, is considered poor, while 
many of the tax-payers are assessed with over $100,000 of personal property, 
and this assessment as a general thing is not more than one-half the real value. 
In 1843, the entire school tax collected in the county was $8.50 ; in 1844, 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 41 

$125.54 ; in 1845, $139.51 ; in 1846, $204.80. There is now expended annu- 
ally in the county over $50,000, a large part of which is raised by taxation, 
which the people pay willingly, being convinced that intelligence is essential to 
the best interests of the State. 

In the matter of county seats. Noble has had her full share. At the ses- 
sion of the Legislature in March, 1836, George A. Fate, R. McDonald and 
Eli Penwell, were appointed Commissioners to permanently locate the seat of 
justice for Noble County, and on the 3d day of May, 1836, reported as follows : 

To the Honorable the Commissioners of Nable County, and Slate of Indiana : 

The undersigned Commissioners, appointed by the Legislature of this Slate to fix the per- 
manent seat of justice of the county of Noble aforesaid, have, after being duly sworn as the law 
directs, fixed the permanent seat of justice and drove the stake for the same on Section Twenly- 
four in Township numbered Thirty-four north, of Range numbered eight east, in said county, 
on the land of Isaac Spencar and Reuben Jackson Dawson. And beg leave to submit the fore- 
going report with the donation bond for $3,000, payable A. D. 1839. Qeohqe A. Fate, 

R. McDonald, 
Noble, May 3, 1836. Ei.i Penwell. 

The bonds of Spencer and Dawson, with Simpson Cummings as surety, 
was filed the same day, and was approved by the Locating Commissioners, 
the Commissioners of Noble County not having been elected, nor were there 
any until the June following. This location was in Sparta Township, on the 
old Fort Wayne and Goshen trail, and on the farm now owned by Nary Fry. 
Although this was near the western part of the county, yet at the time it was 
probably very nearly central -as to the population. No public buildings were 
ever erected at Sparta, and the county seat remained there only a short time. 
Other parts of the county began to be settled and the people objected to the 
erection of buildings at a point so far from the center of the counity ; and which, 
although a very desirable location in some respects, yet had no water-power or 
other natural advantages. Hence, a petition was presented to the Legislature 
asking for a re-location, and an act was passed and approved February 4, 1837 
appointing Oliver Crane, of Elkhart; Levi L. Todd, of Cass; John E. Hill, of 
Allen ; Samuel F. Clark, of Miami ; William Allen, of La Porte, and Greene T. 
Simpson, of Henry, County Commissioners to re-locate the seat of justice. 
On the 8d of July, 1837, all the Commissioners, except Allen and Simpson, 
met at the house of Patrick C. Miller, at Wolf Lake, and proceeded to ex- 
timine the different points offered. Several ambitious towns which had been 
laid out were anxious for the distinction. Sparta was, of course, in the mar- 
ket, also Van Buren, near the Blackman farm in York ; Wolf Lake, the first 
town laid out in Noble County ; Augusta and Port Mitchell — all entered the 
race, and each made munificent offers to secure the coveted location. The 
Commissioners having looked over the ground and considered the offers of dona- 
tions, agreed upon Augusta, a point two miles west of Albion. The people 
appeared to acquiesce in the location, and a court house and jail were built 
there, the county officers removed thither and the town gave considerable evi- 
dences of growth ; two hotels were built, several stores started and various 



42 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

mechanical interests were represented. There is but little doubt that the county 
seat of Noble County would have been at Augusta now, had not the court 
house been accidently destroyed by fire. This occurred early in the year of 

1843, and by the burning of the building the books belonging to the offices of 
the Auditor and Treasurer were lost. This was a great calamity, and in en- 
deavoring to prepare an authentic history of the county, we sadly miss those 
records. Port Mitchell had never been happy over the location at Augusta, 
and now made an effort for another permanent location. Another act of the 
Legislature was passed January 14, 1844, for a re-location, and Charles W. 
Heaton, of St. Joseph ; Lot Day, also of the same county ; Ephraim Seeley, 
of La Grange, and John Jackson and Allen Tibbitts, of Elkhart, were appoint- 
ed Commissioners. They met at Augusta on the first Monday of March, 

1844, and drove the stake and permanently/ located the seat of justice at Port 
Mitchell. Here brick offices were built and a temporary building was erected 
for a court house. The people of Port Mitchell were happy, and visions o^ 
the coming greatness of the town floated before them. But their triumph was 
of short duration. The seat of justice was a movable institution and neither 
a permanent location nor driving the stake could hold it. 

Soon after, at the session of the Legislature for 1845-46, an act was 
passed providing for a re-location by a vote of the people. The act provided 
that an election should be held on the first Monday of April, 1846, at which 
the voters should write on their ballots the name of the place where they 
wished the county seat to be located. Another election was to be held the first 
Monday of June, at which time only three places should be voted for; that is, 
the three highest on the list voted for in April, and the final vote was to be 
taken between the two highest at the June election, on the first Monday of 
August in the same year. The contest was a spirited one, as there were sev- 
eral places in the county tliat were ambitious to be county seats. Speeches 
were made, and at least one campaign song was composed for the occasion, and 
a club of singers organized. At the election in April, votes were cast for Port 
Mitchell, Augusta, Rochester, Ligonier, Springfield, Lisbon,, Northport, Wolf 
Lake, and the " Center," as Albion was then called. It may be that votes 
were cast for other places. At this election, the three highest on the list were 
Port Mitchell, Augusta and the Center. At the June election, Augusta fell 
two votes below Port Mitchell, and was left out. The contest was now between 
Port Mitchell and the Center. The friends of Augusta were indignant, and 
generally voted for the Center, and it received a majority and was declared the 
county seat. It lias remained here since, although several efforts were made 
to remove it. The construction of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad through 
Albion, in 1874, has settled the question, and Albion will, without doubt, 
remain the county seat. 

The first buildings erected by the county were at Augusta, where a frame 
court house was built, which was done by the proprietors of the town as a part 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 43 

of the donation to the county, in consideration of the location of the county 
seat at that place. The buihling would be considered a cheap affair ai this 
time, but when it was erected it was the pride of the people, as it was much 
better than any in the adjoining counties. This was completed in 1840, and the 
next year a wooden jail was built. There is still left a part of the cells of tlie 
old jail remaining, which is the only memento left to remind the traveler of the 
former greatness of Augusta. The temporary buildings erected at Port 
.Mitchell have disappeared, and most of the town plat, as well as all of the town 
of Augusta, is now devoted to agricultural purposes. After the final vote on 
the location of the county seat, the Board of Commissioners, on the 14th day 
of October, 1846, made the following order : '' Ordered, that James L. Worden, 
County Agent, proceed to advertise the letting of a court house at the new county 
seat of Noble County, and that he receive sealed proposals for the same until the 
second day of the next December term of the board, at 8 o'clock A. M." At the 
December term, James L. Worden reported that the lowest and best bid for the 
building was by Harrison Wood, William M. Clapp and David B. Herriman, 
and the job was accordingly let to them. They sublet to Samuel T. Clymer, 
of Goshen, who completed the building in 1847, and, on the 16th day of Sep- 
tember of that year, the Commissioners ordered the removal of the offices and 
records to the new court house. A jail at Albion was built in 1849. The 
court house was built ot a cost of $4,045. The cost of the old jail at Albion 
was about $1,300. This court house was burned in January, 1859, and the cir- 
cumstances surrounding the catastrophe leave little room for doubt that it was 
the work of incendiaries. The present court house was built in 1861, at a cost 
of $11,000, and was built by George Harvey, who now resides in Albion. 
In 1875, the present jail was built at a cost of over $25,000, and is as safe as it 
could be made, and is doubtless the finest building in the county. It contain.s 
rooms for the jailer and his family; has twelve cells, the top, bottom and each 
side wall being composed of a single stone eight inches in thickness, all four 
securely fastened together. These cells are surrounded by a hall composed of 
stone similar to the cells, and it would seem to be a bootless undertaking to 
attempt to break out. The court house is a plain, substantial building, but 
large enough to accommodate our courts ; but the day is not distant when 
better accommodations will be required for the county officers, and more room 
for the records. 

For several years after the organization of the county, the poor were sup- 
ported in the several townships, and those who were permanent paupers were 
sold out to the lowest bidder annually. This continued until finally the Com- 
missioners purchased a farm one and a half miles east of Albion, upon which 
was a house which, with some additions, was used as an asylum for the poor, 
and here all the paupers of the county were collected, and a superintendent 
chosen by the Commissioners. This continued until at last the Commissioners 
exchanged this farm for 160 acres, to which they have since added ninety-eight 



44 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

acres. In 1871, a brick building was erected on the farm capable of accommo- 
dating one hundred paupers. The contract price for the building was $20,500, 
but a record of the allowances shows that the actual cost was several thousand 
in excess of the contract price. The Commissioners have been fortunate in the 
selection of superintendents, and at the present time the farm is self-sustaining. 
The building is over one hundred feet in length, and fifty-four feet wide, and is 
two stories above the basement, and has also considerable room above the second 
story under the mansard roof. The foregoing comprise all the public buildings 
belonging to the county. It has already been stated who were elected county 
officers at the first election. The following persons have held the office of Clerk 
of the Circuit Court by virtue of election : Isaac Spencer, Westley White, 
William F. Engle, Nelson Prentiss, Samuel E. Alvord, James Ilaxby, Hiram 
S. Tousley, Joseph S. Cox. And Horatio M. Slack, Fielding Prickett, Luther 
H. Green and George B. Teal have held the office by appointment. Of those 
who have held this office, Westley White, William F. Engle, James Haxby and 
Joseph S. Cox are dead. Mr. Alvord, who was first elected in 1855, has been 
re-elected twice since, and now holds the office. 

The persons elected as Sheriff are : James Hostetter, John Humphreys, 
Mason M. Meriam, Harrison Wood, William E. Bowen, Isaac Swarthout, David 
S. Simons, Solomon Crossley, Robison Ramsby, Moses Kiser, David Hough, 
Nathaniel P. Eagles, Richard Williams and William W. Riddle, the present 
incumbent. Of these, Hostetter, Humphreys, Meriam, Simons and Bowen are 
dead ; the rest, so far as is known, are living. Humphreys did not serve, but 
sold his claim on the office, after qualifying, to Mason M. Meriam for a shot- 
gun. Let it be remembered that in 1838, the'date of Humphrey's election, that 
offices were not as valuable as at the present time. And it may be that the con- 
sideration for the transfer was adequate. At the organization of the county, 
the Clerk was Recorder and Auditor as well as Clerk, and no Recorder was chosen 
until 1842, when Peter Becher was elected, who died before the expiration of 
his term. Since that time, Henry H. Hitchcock, Henry Heltzel, John P. Mc- 
Williams, David S. Simons, James Greenman, John Baughman and James J. 
Lash have been elected. All the above except Becher, Heltzel and Simons 
are living ; and all except Hitchcock live in Noble County. He resides in 
Goshen, in Elkhart County, and is cashier of the First National Bank at the 
latter place. The first person to collect the taxes was Henry Heltzel, who was 
elected in 1839, and was called tax collector. He had no office at the county 
seat, but went through the county and called on each tax-payer. John A. Col- 
erick, was the first person who was elected Treasurer by that title. Since 
that time the following persons have been elected and served as County Treasur- 
ers : John McMeans, William E. Bowen, Daniel S. Love, James M. Denny, 
Lewis Iddings, Isaac Mendenhall, James J. Lash, John D. Black, Daniel 
Keehneand Julius Lang. All these except Heltzel, Colerick and Bowen, who 
are dead, reside in the county. The office of Auditor has been held by the fol- 





YORK JR. 



HISTORV OF NOBLE COUNTY. 47 

lowing persons, to wit: Anson Greenman, William M. Clapp, William E. Love- 
ly, John Young, Horace W. Baldwin, Daniel S. Love, Eden H. Fisher, 
James C. Stewart and William S. Kiser. Of these, Greenman, Lovely, Bald- 
win and Clapp are dead, all having died in this county, and the rest are still 
living here. 

The following is a list of Commissioners : Northern District — Abraham 
Pancake, Henry Hostetter, Sr., Jacob Wolf, John T. Broth well, James Smal- 
ley, John Childs, J. W. Learned, Charles Law, Jacob Wolf (second election), 
William Imes, George W. Mummert. Southern District — Joel Bristol, Oliver 
L. Perry, John Fulk, Otis D. Allen, Rufus D. Keeney, H. C. Stan- 
ley, James W. Long, D. W. C. Denny (appointed), George Ott, James 
H. Gregory, J. C. Stewart, Samuel Broughton, John P. Mc Williams. Mid- 
dle District — Zenas Wright, Thomas H. Wilson, Vincent Lane, Elihu Wads- 
worth, Leonard Myers, F. A. Black, Samuel Ohlwine, Orlando Kimmell, 
F. A. Black (appointed), William Broughton, John A. Singrey — mak- 
ing in all thirty-three different persons who have held the office in the 
county. Of these, fourteen are dead, thirteen still reside in the county 
and three have left the county, to wit: Myers, Gregory and Long. Long is 
living in Whitley County. The residence of the others is unknown. The 
foregoing list contains the names of all the persons who have held the offices 
referred to. There were some other offices of minor importance that have not 
been referred to, such as Coroner, School Commissioner, etc., in which the 
public would feel little interest. There is, however, one other county office, 
which at an early date did not amount to much, but which has since become 
second in importance to none in the county, and that is what is now called 
"County Superintendent of Schools," but was formerly known as "School 
Examiner." The Examiner at the time the county was organized was ap- 
pointed by the Circuit Judge, and this power remained with the Judge until 
the adoption of the present constitution in 1852. The first appointment was 
made in 1837, when Westley White, Justus C. Alvord and Nelson Prentiss 
were appointed School Examiners. The duties were not arduous and there 
was no compensation provided for. After that time, and up to 1852, various 
persons were appointed, but as the records of the court have been burned, it is 
not possible to get all the names, but the following other persons are remem- 
bered as having officiated in that office: Finley Stevens, G. W. Sheldon, 
Stephen Wildman, Samuel E. Alvord, T. P. Bicknell, D. W. C. Denny, Dr. 
0. J. Vincent and probably others. One thing is certain, and that is, Mr. 
Prentiss remained one of the Examiners from 1837 until 1868 continuously, 
and after retiring from the position in 1868 was again elected in 1879 and 
in 1881, and now holds the office, having held it for thirty-three years, and, at 
the age of sixty-eight years, is discharging his duties in an acceptable manner. 

After the organization of the county in 1836, and after the first election, 
Hon. Samuel C. Sample, of South Bend, was sent to organize the Circuit 

CO 



48 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Court and start the machinery of justice. As all the records in the Clerk'.9 
office were destroyed by fire in January, 1859, it is impossible to gather any 
information from that source, and hence many things that would be interesting 
are necessarily omitted. Judge Sample informed the writer that this meeting 
was in September, 1836, and that a grand jury was impaneled, who met 
under a large oak tree and transacted some business. On the first grand jury 
were Seymour Moses, William Wilmeth. George Benner, George T. Ulmer, 
Isaac Tibbott, Abraham Pancake and William Caldwell, and on the petit jury 
were Asa Brown, Henry Hostetter, Andrew Humphreys, Richard Bray, John 
Knight and Gideon Schlotterback. There may be others known to the old 
settlers who were on one of these juries, but the fact has not been made known. 
The grand jury returned two bills of indictment, one against Hugh Allison for 

assault and battery and one against J and Mc for larceny. Allison 

being present, was placed on trial and a verdict of "not guilty" was returned, 
when Allison treated court, jury and attorneys. The other case was not tried 
at that term, nor was it tried until nearly a year after. David H. Colerick, of 
Fort Wayne, was employed by the defendants, and being gifted as an advocate 
and having the ability to shed the "briny tear " at the proper time, so wrought 
upon the feelings of the jury that a verdict of "not guilty" was returned. 
But let it be remembered that the charge was stealing hogs, and every one 
knew that a pioneer would not steal pork unless he was hungry. This was the 
only court presided over in this county by Judge Sample. He was flanked on 
the right hand and on the left by Hon. James Latta and Elisha Blackman, 
Associate Judges. Since that time the following persons have held the office 
of Circuit Judge: Charles W. Ewing, Judge Chase, John W. Wright, James 
W. Borden, E. A. McMahon, James L. Worden, E. R. Wilson, Robert Lowry, 
James I. Best and Hiram S. Tousley, and the Associate Judges have been 
Elisha Blackman, James Latta, Jacob Stage, Thomas H. Wilson, Edwin Ran- 
dall and David S. Simons. The office of Associate Judge having been abol- 
ished, none have been elected for many years. The office of Probate Judge 
has been held by Henry R. Burnam, Horatio M. Slack and Harrison Wood, 
and our Judges of the Court of Common Pleas have been Stephen Wildman, 
James C. Bodley, Sanford J. Stoughton and William M. Clapp. 

While upon the subject of the judiciary, it is proper to speak of the distin- 
guished members of the bar who have been in former times, and are now, mem- 
bers of the bar in Noble County. Daniel E. Palmer, now residing in Angola, 
was the first practicing attorney who located in the county, and subsequently 
William M. Clapp, John W. Dawson, Horatio M. Slack and James L. 
Worden. Hon. Stephen Wildman located here soon after. Before any 
attorneys located in the county, the business was done by attorneys 
from La Grange, Allen and Elkhart Counties. John B. Howe, of La 
Grange, David H. Colerick, Henry Cooper, William H. Combs, Robert Breck- 
enridge, L. P. Ferry and Hugh McCuUoch, of Allen, and E. M. Chamberlain, 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTV. 49 

Joseph L. Jernegan and Thomas G. Harris, of Elkhart, were the principal 
practitioners in the court of the county prior to the year 1842. Among the 
distinguished attorneys who have practiced in the courts since 1842 may be 
mentioned ex-Gov. Samuel Bigger, Judges John Morris and Robert Lowry, of 
Fort Wayne ; Hon. W. A. Woods, of Goshen, now one of the Judges of the 
Supreme Court; Hon. James I. Best, of De Kalb County; Hon. John B. 
Niles, now deceased, formerly of La Porte; Hon. John H. Baker, Member of 
Congress for six years from this district, and his partner, Capt. J. A. S. 
Mitchell, and many others. The present bar of Noble County is composed of 
the following gentlemen : Fielding Prickett, Henry G. Zimmerman, Thomas 
M. Eells, James M. Denny, James S. Campbell, L. W. Welker, Thomas B. 
Felkner, Frank Prickett, John C. Swetc, Luke Wrigley and Nelson Prentiss, 
all of Albion ; G. W. Best, D. C. Van Camp, Daniel W. Green, Frank P. 
Bothwell and Harry Reynolds, of Ligonier; and A. A. Chapin, Robert P. 
Barr, Lucius E. Goodwin, Vincent C. Mains and Thomas L. Graves, of Ken- 
dallville. Among the early Judges who served in this county are to be found 
marked ability and the strictest integrity. Charles W. Ewing, the first Circuit 
Judge for this circuit, was a brilliant lawyer. He had much more than the 
usual mental endowments, and a thorough education, supplemented by extensive 
reading and study, had so developed his powers that he was a star of the first 
magnitude in his profession. He died comparatively young, and under circum- 
stances peculiarly painful, and by his own hands. What prompted the act is 
not known, but it is highly probable that under some severe mental strain his 
mind became alienated and he thus committed the act. 

•Judge Chase only served one or two terms, and was but little known in 
the county. John W. Wright, or, as he was familiarly called, ''Jack," served 
several years, and was considered a good Judge. He was social and affable ia 
his intercourse with all, and yet when on the Bench he maintained the dignity 
of tlie place, and some of our courts of to-day would be improved by followint: 
his example. When among the boys, he was as much of a boy as any. At a 
session of the court, a blackleg bought a horse of " Charley Murray," and paid 
for it in counterfeit coin. The word spread, and a squad was organized for 
pursuit. The Judge adjourned court, mounted his Indian pony, and joined in 
the chase, which lasted all night. The Elkhart River was crossed sevenU 
times, but there were no bridges, and "Jack" was with the foremost. The 
counterfeiter was captured, his case given to the grand jury, and the Judge was 
ready to try the case. A man having imbibed too freely, and becoming bois- 
terous. Jack ordered the Sheriff to stop the noise, but the offender would not 
desist. "Take that man to jail," said the Judge. "There is no jail," 
replied the Sheriff. " Then," said the Judge, " take him away so far that he 
will not disturb the court and tie him to a tree." The order was obeyed, and 
quiet was restored. Judge Wright, at the time he presided over our courts 
lived in Logansport, and at this time is engaged in some business connected 



50 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTV. 

■with the Government at Washington. Judge Borden presided here for several 
years, and gave general satisfaction. He was a politician, and has written sev- 
eral articles, which evince a thorough study of the principles upon which our 
institutions are founded. He now resides in Fort Wayne, and, during most of 
the time he has been a resident of Northern Indiana, has held some official posi- 
tion. Judge McMahon, who succeeded Borden, was at the time a resident of 
Fort Wayne, and discharged his duties acceptably. He was the very soul of 
probity and honor, and the judicial ermine was not soiled in his hands. He 
was a good lawyer and an impartial Judge. If living, he is in Minnesota, 
whither he emigrated many years ago. 

Of Judge James L. Worden little need be said. He was one of the early 
resident attorneys of Noble County, and is well-known to most of our citizens. 
From the time he first pitched his tent here, until the present, his course has 
been steadily upward, and to-day he holds the position of the leader of the 
Supreme Court. His decisions are quoted wherever the principles of the 
common law prevail. He is quiet and unassuming in his manners, calm and 
deliberate in his judgment, and is generally correct in his conclusions. 

E. R. Wilson, who succeeded Judge Worden, was a young man at the time 
of his election, residing at Bluffton. He was the reverse of Judge Worden in 
some respects ; he was impulsive and quick to form his conclusions, and yet 
the fact that his decisions generally stood the test in the Supreme Court, is the 
best evidence that he was correct. He was a popular officer, and yet from his 
peculiar temperament, was liable to make warm friends or bitter enemies. He 
resides at present at Madison, in this State. Judge Lowry resides at Fort 
Wayne, and is at present Judge of the Superior Court. He commenced the 
practice of the law at Goshen at an early day, and has steadily progressed un- 
til he is now recognized as one of the best attorneys of the State. Judge 
Tousley is now, and has been since 1848, a resident of Albion, and is prob- 
ably as well known as any one living here. He has been identified with the in- 
terests in the county. At the present time he is suffering from disease. James 
I. Best, of De Kalb County, was elected Judge of this circuit, and discharged 
the duties of the position in a manner at once creditable to himself and acceptable 
to the people. His business, however, required his attention at home, and he re- 
signed the office. He was subsequently employed by the Lake Shore & Michi- 
gan Southern Railroad Company, as attorney for that road, but was selected 
as one of the Commissioners to assist the Judges of the Supreme Court, which 
position he now holds. All who have held the office of Associate Judges are 
dead, all having died in this county. They were all good men, and their lives 
and influence have had their effect upon the community. Harrison Wood is 
the last of the Probate Judges living. He resides at Ligonier, and is justly 
esteemed as a good citizen and an honest man. Judge Wildman is the last left 
in the county of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, Clapp and Bod- 
iey being dead, and Stoughton, if living, is probably in Kansas. It would be 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 51 

pleasing to take up and give a brief pen-portrait of each of the early attorneys 
who practiced here, but space forbids. For the present, a few reminiscenses 
of early days must suffice. We have before spoken of two indictments re- 
turned by the grand jury at the iirst court held in the county, one of which 
was disposed of; the other, for larceny, was continued, and a warrant issued for 
the defendants. The larceny charged was that of some hogs belonging to a 
Mr. Spangle. The defendants had been arrested before this time upon a war- 
rant issued by Jacob Wolf, Esq., the first Justice of the Peace of the county, 
who discharged the prisoners, the evidence not being sufficient to sustain the 
charge, in the opinion of the Justice. Hence, the case was brought before the 
grand jury. At a subsequent term of the Noble Circuit Court, held at the 
house of Richard Stone, in Sparta Township, the case was tried before a jury, 
and David H. Golerick was employed by the defendants. Colerick, it is said, 
charged $25, which, in 1837, was considered a large fee. It is true 
that he had to travel forty miles on horseback to attend court, and the 
condition of the roads made it a two days' journey. It was said that Colerick 
gave some instructions to the one defendant, who was considered most guilty, 
as to his conduct pending the trial, which was about one year after the indict- 
ment was returned. During this time, no razor was permitted to be used on his 

face, and before the trial came on, J had a most magnificent beard, giving 

him quite a patriarchal appearance. The case was called, the jury impaneled, 
and the evidence introduced, and the Prosecuting Attorney made his plea. 
Colerick made one of his best effiarts ; he was a good advocate, and if any man 
could enlist the sympathies of the jury, he could do it. Colerick presented the 
legal aspect of the case and claimed that, under the testimony, it was uncertain 
whether the offense, if any was committed, was in Noble or Kosciusko County. 
Haying disposed of the legal question, " Uncle Dave " went in on sympathy. 
He drew a graphic picture of the anguish of the families of the prisoners, at 
the mere suspicion of the crime, and pointing to J , who sat there the pict- 
ure of injured innocence, he said : " Gentlemen of the jury, look at that hon- 
est old Dunker who sits before you — honesty written on every line of his face — 
and then say if you can that he is gnWtj of hog stealing." Tears flowed freely 

from Colerick's eyes, the jury were affected, and even J himself gave 

evidence that he began to think that he was innocent, and wiped his weeping 
eyes on the skirt of his buck-skin hunting shirt. The jury returned a verdict 
of "not guilty," and the defendants were happy. It is said that the case 
stood as follows : Spangle lost his hogs, found where they had been killed and 
skinned, followed the track of a sled to the cabins of the defendants, and un- 
der the puncheon floor found skinned pork, and upon these slight circumstances 
accused the defendants of the larceny of his hogs. But those days are past, 
and we now require stronger proof before making such grave charges. 

Henry Cooper, also of Fort Wayne, was probably one of the best lawyers 
who came to this county. His books were his idols, and he came as near 



52 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

mastering the elementary works as any one could, and yet he never boasted 
of his knowledge. A young man, who had just commenced the study, once 
asked Mr. Cooper how long it would require for him to master the law. 
"I do not know," said Mr. Cooper; "I have been hard at work upon it for 
about fifty years, and just begin to see how little I know about it." A char- 
acter in the early days of the county was George Powers, or, as he was gen- 
erally called, "Old Powers." He was a pettifogger of the most offensive type, 
and knew little about law, but was quite a talker. Cooper thoroughly despised 
anything like quackery, and hence had no respect for Powers. Cooper was 
not a ready or fluent speaker, but was a strong logician. Meeting Powers in 
the hall of the court house at Augusta, he was addressed by Powers in this 
language: "Cooper, if I had your head, or you had my tongue, what a man 
would be the result." Cooper replied, "Powers, if you had my head you would 
know enough to keep your abusive tongue silent." Cooper was at one time a part- 
ner of the Hon. Reverdy Johnson, and might have stood at the head of the legal 
profession, but he yielded to the seduction of strong drink, and died a sad wreck of 
his former self. He was kind-hearted, and, in his last days, did not lack friends. 
Samuel Bigger, whose name has been heretofore mentioned, died in Fort Wayne 
in 1847. In 1840, he was the candidate on the Whig ticket for Governor, and 
his competitor was Gen. Tilghman A. Howard. Both were gentlemen, and 
together they canvassed the State, and each treated the other with the greatest 
courtesy. When they visited Noble County, they spoke at the house of Adam 
Engle, on Perry's Prairie, and stayed there overnight. In the evening. Bigger 
discovered a fiddle, and, taking hold of it, drew forth some fine music, which 
highly pleased Mr. Engle. Bigger was elected, and, after serving the State 
during his term, located at Fort Wayne and practiced in the courts of Noble 
County. At a term held at Port Mitchell, in 1845 or 1846, as the Gov- 
ernor was passing along, he met Engle, whom he recognized, and, ap- 
proaching him, extended his hand, saying, "How do you dp, my old friend ? ' 
Engle, who was quite old, did not recognize him, and replied, "Who be you? 
I don't know you." "My name is Bigger," was the reply. "Bigger, Big- 
ger; I don't know you," continued Engle. Bigger replied, " I stayed at your 
house in 1840, when I was a candidate for Governor. Do you not remember 
me?" A sudden light seemed to break in, and, grasping the outstretched 
hand, Engle said, "Oh, yes ; I remember. You are that fiddler." The joke 
was too good for Bigger to keep, and so he told the story. One more partic- 
ular mention must close these reminiscenses of the legal profession. E. M. 
Chamberlain, of Elkhart County, was a regular attendant at our courts at an 
early day. He was a man of strong intellectual powers, and as stern and in- 
flexible in his devotion to the interests of his clients as it was possible for any- 
one to be. He respected true merit, but dishonest practices were his abhor- 
rence, and woe to the man who should attempt, by bribes or threats, to lead 
him from the path of rectitude. In person, he was tall and commanding ; his 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 53 

countenance was stern, and reminded one of that old hero, Andrew Jackson. 
In the management of his cases, his comprehensive mind at once grasped the 
strong points, and to these he clung, and cunning or sophistry could not drive 
him from his position. All who were present at the time will remember his 
last appearance here. It was after the burning of the court house at Albion, 
and the court was held in the Lutheran Church. An old man had fallen into 
the hands of a set of sharpers, who had succeeded in swindling him out 
of over $10,000. Chamberlain was employed to unearth the dark trans- 
action. He spent much time in the preparation of the case, and had obtained 
a full history of the facts, which he had embodied in complaint. Two of the 
defendants were present when he commenced the presentation of the case to the 
court. 

As he proceeded to expose the transaction, and as link after link of 
the chain was unfolded, and as Chamberlain, warming with his subject and 
aware of the righteousness of his cause, hurled against them his charges, 
couched in such words as only he could string together, though all felt that 
they deserved exposure and punishment, yet all felt pity for the trembling cul- 
prits who were his victims. As if aware of the fact that he had them securely 
in his grasp, like the cat who sports with her prey, he would for a time relax 
his coils, giving them a short respite, then again tightening his hold, until at 
last he broke forth in a torrent of invective, at once so withering and over- 
whelming, that one of the defendants, unable to endure the mental torture, 
left the church and did not return until Chamberlain had closed. He was at 
one time a member of Congress from this district, was for many years Judge of 
the Circuit in which he resided, and held many oflBces of trust, and no official 
corruption was ever laid to his charge. To his family he was kind and indul- 
gent, and the tenderness and affection of woman were as much his character- 
istics at home as was sternness and inflexibility in the discharge of his public 
duties. He died at his home in Goshen in the spring of 1861. 

It is not certain who was the first physician who settled in the county. 
This distinction lies between Dr. Victor M. Cole, who located at Wolf Lake, 
and Dr. Dudley C. Waller, who came to Rochester about the same time. Both 
came in 1837, but it is uncertain which was first in the county. They were 
both considered good doctors, were both men of good hearts, and when called to 
minister to the suffering never asked whether they were sure of their pay. In 
fact, much of the service rendered by them was never paid for, and both died 
poor many years ago. Waller left the county in 1839, and returned to his 
former home in Vermont, where he died soon after. Cole is buried at Augusta, 
and it is uncertain whether the place can be identified. Dr. W. H. Nimmon 
was also one of the early physicians, having settled at Rochester in the latter 
part of 1839. He died in 1879, at Wawaka. Before any physicians settled 
here. Dr. Johnston Latta, of Goshen, practiced in the county, and Dr. S. B. 
Kyler, of Benton, and Dr. E. W. H. Ellis, of Goshen, were frequently called. 



54 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Dr. John H. G. Shoe lived at the Inrlian vilhige, and though some said he was 
not much of a doctor, yet it must be admitted that he was a good singer, and 
that he was careful not to give medicines that would injure any one, as he never 
kept any on hand. 

Jacob Wolf, Esq., of Perry Township, who settled here in 18.31, says that 
the first -sermon preached in the county was in the summer of 1832, and that 
it was preached on Perry's Prairie, by a Presbyterian minister from South 
Bend, but is unable to give his name. Rev. Robinson, of the M. E. Church, 
and Rev. Plumstead and Christopher Cory, Presbyterians, preached here at a 
very early day, and a Presbyterian Church was organized as early as 1836 on 
the Haw Patch, but whether it was in Noble or La Grange is not settled. 
Members of the ciiurch lived in both counties, and services were held at the 
house of William McConnell, in La Grange, and also at Isaac Gavin's and Sey- 
mour Moses', in Noble. In 18-37, Mr. Cavin and Mr. Moses built a log cabin 
near the place where the Salem Chapel now stands, which served the double 
purpose of a church and schoolhouse. This was the first building in the county 
used for these purposes aside from private houses. In this house, humble 
though it was, the fathers and mothers met to worship God, and with sincere 
hearts gave devout thanks that they had even such a temple. Here Seymour 
Moses taught a school. From this small beginning, what results are seen ! 
From the log cabin, erected at a cost of only the labor of a few pious settlers, 
we have now within the limits of the county fifty-four churches, erected at a 
cost of over $200,000. If genuine piety and religion have advanced in pro- 
portion, what a power for good would now go out from Noble County ! 

The first marriage in the county was that of Lewis Murphy to a sister of 
Isaac Tibbott. The bride was one of the children brought here by Joel Bristol 
in 1827, and at the time Noble County was attached to Allen, and the marriage 
license was procured at Fort Wayne. The next was that of Gideon Schlotter- 
back to Miss Mary Engle, in 1833, when this county was called La Grange. 
After the organization of Noble County, the first marriage was that of Jacob 
Baker, who died last spring. Schlotterback is still living, and is hale and hearty. 
Murphy left the county a long time ago, and whether living or dead is not 
known to the writer. 

There has been some conflict of opinion as to who was the first white child 
born within the limits of Noble County, but it seems to be settled now that it 
was a son of Henry Miller. Miller came to the county in November, 1831, 
and on the 31st of December of that year his wife gave birth to a son, who 
lived but a few days or weeks, this being, so far as is known, the first birth as 
well as the first death of a white person in the county. The father died three 
years ago ; the mother is still living. On the 8th day of August, 1832, Simon 
Hostetter, son of John and Mahala Hostetter, was born on the Haw Patch, and 
he is still living, being the first white child born in the county that lived to 
maturity. 






YORK TP. 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 67 

The first post office in the county was established in 1833, and, at the sug- 
gestion of Jacob Wolf, was named " Good Hope." Henry Miller was the first 
Postmaster. The mail was carried from Fort Wayne to Niles once in two 
weeks. John G. Hall carried the "bag" on a spotted ox or some other kind 
of masculine bovine. The receipts of the office were from $1.25 to $1.50 per 
ijiiarter, hence there was not much strife for the place. Miller became tired of 
handling the mails and resigned, and Jacob Shobe became Postmaster, and the 
office was kept at the old Shobe farm in the southwest part of Perry Township. 
Subsequently the office was removed to Stone's Tavern, and thence to Ligonier, 
and the name changed from Good Hope to Ligonier. 

The first house for a residence was built by Joel Bristol in Noble Town- 
siiip, but there was a brick house erected by the Government on Section 30 in 
Sparta, the exact date of which is not certain, but was some time between 1816 
and 1821. A fuller account of this house will appear in the history of Sparta. 
The first hewed log house was built by Jacob Shobe in 1833, and the first brick 
residence was built by Jacob Wolf. 



C HAPT ER III. 

by weston a. goodspeed. 

Early Roads— Manner of Viewing, Improving and Sustaining Them— Mail 
Routes and Stage Lines— The Plank Road— Railroads and County 
Stock — Noble County Agricultural Society— Stock Rearing— The 
Seminary- Fund— The County Press— The Blacklegs and the Regu- 
lators. 

THE first traveled highways which extended across Noble County were the 
Fort Wayne and Goshen road and the Fort Wayne and Lima road, 
each having been surveyed prior to the organization of the county in 1836, 
pursuant to special acts of the State Legislature. The precise time when these 
enactments were approved cannot be learned, but was probably about the years 
1832 or 1833, as, at that time, both the roads were quite well traveled by set- 
tlers who lived in the older localities, at the extremities of the road distant 
from Fort Wayne. At that time, there was quite a large settlement at Lima, 
in La Grange County, while few, if any, settlers had located along the road in 
Noble County. The same is true of the Goshen road, save one settlement a 
few miles southeast of Wolf Lake. Both roads, at that early day, were mere 
winding paths through the woods, twisting around on the higher lands and 
abounding in mud-holes that apparently (if the statements of old settlers are to 
be believed) went through to China. It is stated that, when the pioneers first 
began to locate along the main roads, they would often keep a team of oxen 
or horses, and the necessary rails, to assist in extricating unfortunates from 
mud-holes, charging the modest sum of 25 cents to $1 for the trouble. Soon 



58 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

the worst places were bridged over by rude log bridges, that were swept away 
by every freshet, and the long places of swampy road were corduroyed with 
rails, logs and brush. It was the custom, when a new road was petitioned for, 
to appoint competent "Viewers," who were to traverse the route, and report 
upon the practicability of opening the road. If the Viewers reported favor- 
ably, the State authorities ordered the clearing and working of the road, so as 
to make it passable for all sorts of teams. The Lima road, although surveyed 
about the year 1833, was not opened throughout its entire length until about 
1837 ; but, if reports are correct, the Goshen road was opened about the time 
the county was organized. Previous to that time, neither had been worked, 
save here and there where some benevolent settler had seen proper to expend a 
few days to mend some bad break. Even after the roads had been opened, great 
trouble was experienced in keeping them in repair, and very often they were 
almost impassable. Probably, the third road in the county was the one branch- 
ing from the Goshen road north of Cromwell and running north, through what 
is now Ligonier, to the State line, in the direction of White Pigeon. This was 
ordered surveyed not far from the year 1838, and perhaps a year or two earlier, 
and came into existence largely through the influence of citizens living on 
"Perry's Prairie," who had petitioned the Legislature for the road. In 1843. 
the State road, extending from Columbia City to Augusta, was ordered sur- 
veyed, and John Hively and Joel Bristol were appointed special Road Com- 
missioners to establish this highway. They employed Thomas Washburn as 
Surveyor. The road was eighteen miles long, ten being in Noble County. 
The same year, another road was ordered built from Columbia City to a stake 
in the Goshen road, on the line between Townships 34 and 35 north, of Range 8 
east, the whole road being twenty-two miles long. The special Road Commis- 
sioners were Stephen Martin, Ross Rowan and John Prickett. The following 
explains itself: 

To the Commissioners of Noble C'ountt/ : In pursuance of an act of the twenty-seventh session 
of the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, appointing the undersigned Commissioners to 
locate a State road, from the forks of the roads near Isaac Tibboti's in Noble County to the county 
seat of La Grange County, said Commissioners hereby report that they met at the beginning 
point on the r2th of .Tune, 1842, and after being sworn to faithfully discharge the duties of said 
appointment, and after employing the necessary number of hands, proceeded to survey and 
mark said road. We believe it will be a road of great public utility, and return it for public 
use. For a further description, we beg leave to refer you to the following field notes, all of 
which are respectfully submitted. John L. Stienbeboer, 

[Field notes subjoined.] Abraham Brown, 

William F. Beavers, 

Commissioners. 

This road was 33 miles in length, Vina miles being in Noble County, and 
SOtA miles in La Grange County. In 1843, a State road was constructed 
from Kendallville to Perry's Prairie, the Commissioners being Mr. Trow- 
bridge, Jacob Sparbeck and Daniel Bixler. Previous to about the year 1844, 
all roads which touched more than one county were built at the expense of the 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 59 

State ; but, at that time, this procedure was altered, and the counties were 
required to construct their own road, being authorized to levy, under stipulated 
conditions, the necessary tax for that purpose. Immediately after this, the 
Commissioners entered upon an active and much-needed system of constructing 
public highways, and the citizens were quite heavily taxed to secure the neces- 
sary funds. From that time until the present, scores of roads have come into 
existence. 

Some time about the year 1847, a company of wealthy men at Fort Wayne, 
and along the Lima road, associated themselves together, with a capital stock ~ 
of about $70,000, for the purpose of transforming the old Fort Wayne 
and Lima road into a plank road. Pursuant to the law of the State, 
this road was leased* by the company for a term of years, and saw-mills were 
erected all along the line to furnish three-inch oak plank, which was to be laid 
down on suitable sills, at right angles to the direction of the road. The planks 
were sawed and laid down in 1847 and 1848, and toll-gates were established 
from six to ten miles apart, and superintendents of sections, living along the 
line, were employed to keep the road in repair. The plank road was fifty 
miles long, and, in some places, deviated from the old Lima road. A few 
small dividends were struck, but the road failed to repay the stockholders for 
the outlay of construction, and the stock steadily depreciated in value. Many 
of the largest stockholders at Fort Wayne and along the road were wise enough 
to get rid of the stock to Eastern capitalists, upon whom mucli of the burden of 
failure fell when the enterprise collapsed. Toll was collected on portions of 
the road until about 18-58, when the route was turned over to the County 
Commissioners. 

There were well-established mail routes along the Lima road and the 
Goshen road several years before the county was organized, the mail being 
carried on horseback, or, as in the case of John Hall, the carrier along the 
Goshen road, on the back of a male bovine of gentle disposition. These con- 
tinued to be the principal mail routes for much of Northeastern Indiana, for 
many years. From time to time, branches were established at various points. 
As early as 1844, a route was established from Wolf Lake, on the Goshen road) 
via Port Mitchell and Albion, to Lisbon, on the Lima road. Another early 
mail route is said to have extended from Good Hope, on the Goshen road, to 
either Rome City or Lima, on the Lima road, passing via Rochester and Spring- 
field. Several other routes were established for the convenience of localities, 
but not by the Government The Lake Shore Railroad did away with many of 
the old routes, and new ones were established from stations on this road to the 
various towns in the southern part of the county. Finally, the presence of 
other railroads rendered these routes unnecessary, and now they have about all 
disappeared. The vast improvements that have been made in the means of 
overcoming labor, save such as is necessary for exercise to preserve the health 

* The real conditions ais to how the company got control of the road are unknown to the writer, but from con- 
versation witli men prominently connected with the project, the facts appear to be as stated in the text. 



60 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

and spirits, have driven many irksome and burdensome tasks from the obstacles 
to be met by human endeavor. 

The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Company was formed, in 
1869, by the consolidation of the following four railroads, each of which had 
previously been formed of two others : Michigan Southern and Northern In- 
diana, Cleveland k Toledo, Buffalo k Erie and Cleveland, Painesville & Ash- 
tabula. The Michigan Southern was projected in 1837, through the southern 
part of that State, from Monroe on the east to New Buifalo on the west ; but 
was not continued on to Chicago until 1852. Of the Northern Indiana Rail- 
road, the Chicago Times, of 1877, has this to say : " In 1835, John B. Chap- 
man, of Warsaw, Ind., a member of the State Legislature, introduced a bill 
for the incorporation of the 'Atlantic and Pacific Railroad.' He was ridiculed 
out of this ambitious title, and finally consented to come down to ' Bufialo and 
Mississippi Railroad,' but would not yield another mile." Work on the road 
was begun in 1835 ; but in 1837 came the financial crash that doomed the rail- 
road to a sleep equal in duration to that of Rip Van Winkle. An effort at 
resuscitation was made in 1847, culminating, finally, in the road's passing to the 
Litchfields, under the name of Northern Indiana Railroad. The work went on 
slowly until at last, in 1855, the Michigan Southern and the Northern Indiana 
were consolidated with a union of those two names. The road was completed 
through Noble County early in 1858. Under the presidency of the Vander- 
bilts, the road is paying its stockholders dividends. So far as known, the citi- 
zens of the county contributed nothing toward the construction of the road. 

The corporation first known as the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad 
Company was duly incorporated and organizeil by articles of association, bear- 
ing date January 18, 185-4, with power to construct, maintain and operate a 
railroad from the town of Hartford, in Blackford County, Ind., to a point 
on the north line of the State, in the direction of Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Afterward, by various articles of consolidation and incorporation with other 
roads, it assumed the above corporate name in June, 1857, and at that time had 
a declared capital stock of $2,800,000, including large tracts of valuable tim- 
ber land grants in Northern Michigan ; but the paid-up capital of the company 
was so small that it was found impossible to meet the expense of constructing 
the road, in wliich case, the land grants, after a certain date, would revert to the 
Government. To prevent tliis, various expediencies were resorted to, and at 
last extension of the time for the completion of certain portions of the road was 
obtained. Work was resumed under several contracts, one of which was with 
George AV. Geisendorff, of Rome City, dated December, 1864, to build and 
equip fifteen miles of road, understood to be between the latter town and La 
Grange, Ind.; $19,000 paid by Mr. Geisendorff to the company were ex- 
pended on the road north of Grand Rapids. Still the company found itself 
unable to continue the completion of the road, and a new executive administra- 
tion under the old organization was effected, that some relief might be obtained. 



i 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTV. 61 

Confidence was partially restored, and the citizens along the road in Noble and 
La Grange Counties subscribed about $200,000 in aid of the work, the most 
of which was payable conditionally, and hence was unavailable until the con- 
ditions had been complied with. Soon, after considerable difficulty, another 
extension of time to January 1, 1868, was obtained. The Pittsburgh, Fort 
Wayne & Chicago Railroad was solicited for help, and furnished it conditionally 
by indorsing certain stipulations on fifteen hundred $1,000 bonds of the issue 
of January, 1860. But this seemed to afford only temporary relief, as, in 
April, 1869, a number of responsible parties living in New York, Philadelphia 
and Pittsburgh, and known as the Continental Improvement Company, obtained 
such control of the Grand Rapids Company that the completion of the road 
was rapidly pushed forward, with the aid of a declared capital of $2,000,000, 
owned by the last-named corporation, until, in December, 1873, the road, con- 
structed and completed in accordance with the contract, was turned over to the 
Grand Rapids & Indiana Company. Thus it was, that after a long, distressing 
struggle for life, the road, at the price of large profits, was placed upon a per- 
manent running basis. It is of incalculable value to La Grange and Noble 
Counties ; although the trade in some localities has been divided, but the 
counties on the whole have been greatly benefited. Kendallville has been in- 
jured in some respects, and benefited in others. Avilla has found a decided 
improvement. 

For some years prior to 1872, the Chicago & Canada Southern Railway 
Company announced its intention of passing across the northern part of Noble 
County, provided suitable aid was secured from the citizens along the 
route. The townships through which the road was to pass were called 
upon to vote aid ; but all did not respond. The question of levying a small 
tax for this purpose was submitted in each of the townships, and carried 
in Perry and Wayne only. The tax to be paid by Perry amounted to $19,000 ; 
and that of Wayne to $20,500. Of these amounts about $1,000 were paid ; 
but the citizens were then relieved by legislative enactment from any further 
payments, and the $1,000 was returned to the tax-payers. Thus was severed 
all connection with the road. The Eel River Division of the Wabash Railway 
passes across the extreme corner of the county, and was constructed and 
equipped in about the year 1872. 

Early in 1872, the townships Allen, Jefl"erson, Albion, York and Sparta 
were called to vote a tax to aid the present Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. Allen 
refused such aid, although she would undoubtedly receive greater benefit than 
any of the others. The vote in Jefterson was 187 for, 75 against ; the tax 
amounting to $3,078.60. That in Albion 108 for, none against; tax, $3,- 
380.80. That in York 131 for, 19 against; tax, $2,793.95. That in Sparta 
115 for, 25 against; tax, $3,796.15. Total tax voted, $13,049.50. of which 
$12,322.99 have been paid to the company. The grain buyers at the stations 
on this road report that, on account of direct transportation to Baltimore, an 



t)2 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Eastern sea-board, the other roads not having such direct transportation, a 
higher price can be paid for grain by them than by buyers on the other roads. 
Farmers confirm this statement, and govern their sales accordingly. 

The Noble County Agricultural and Horticultural Society had its origin in 
1855, in accordance with an act of the Legislature, providing that the citizens 
of a county might institute the necessary conditions for a county fair. In 
response to notices posted up or published at the time, a meeting of the citizens 
was called to effect such an association, and some thirty or forty persons 
appended their names to a code of by-laws, and paid $1 each, after which 
the necessary officers were elected to carry into eflfect the measures adopted 
by the membership. A fair, with a few premiums offered, was announced 
to be held on the farm of Mr. Bassett, a few miles northwest of Albion, 
during the fall of 1855; and on that occasion there was a respectable 
display of county products, notwithstanding that the premiums offered were 
few and made proportionally small, contingent on the failure of the receipts to 
meet the obligations of the society. The gate-money was not far from $60. 
Horse-races were witnessed around the quarter-of-a-mile track ; but the time 
made need not be mentioned. The fair continued to be held annually on Mr. 
Bassett's land for some four years, when it was removed to a ground of five or 
six acres, owned by Mr. Clapp, a portion of which is now covered with houses, 
being the northern part of the county seat. In 1865, by sharp management on 
the part of Ligonier, it was voted to remove the fair to the latter place, where 
Mr. Harrison Wood had offered a nice ground with a half mile track to the asso- 
ciation without charge for the first year, and $30 for each subsequent year. 
This movement was opposed by most of the citizens at Albion, several of whom 
grind their teeth at the recollection even to this day. The fair was held on 
Mr. Wood's land for twelve years, and was then removed to the present ground, 
about a mile weat of Ligonier, which at that time was purchased by an associa- 
tion of stockholders for $1,700, there being about twenty-three acres. The 
stock (about eighty-five shares) is owned by some forty-five individuals. These 
stockholders rent the ground to the association. The receipts were largest 
about two years ago, being not far from $1,600 ; of late years they 
reach on an average about $1,000 annually. They probably did not exceed 
$100 prior to the removal of the fair to Ligonier. The directors are usually 
elected, one from each township, and from these the officers are chosen. 
The usual premiums are paid for all varieties of live stock, products 
of the farm, manufactured implements and ornaments, plants and flowers, fruit, 
wearing apparel, kitchen products, etc., etc. The Agricultural Society is in a 
fairly prosperous condition, although there have been times in its history when 
the outlook was decidedly unpromising. So it is with all enterprises that tend 
to bind society closer, or remove the films from the eyes of humanity. The 
present officers of the society are : W. W. Latta, President ; J. H. Hoffman, 
Secretary ; John Weir, Treasurer ; J. C. Zimmerman, Superintendent. In 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNXr. 63 

1866, there was organized at Ligonier a "Live Stock Association," which is 
yet in existence, and has for its object the making of money through that decid- 
edly laudable means — the improvement in stock, or, more specifically stated, the 
improvement in horses. Three magnificent Clydesdale stallions were purchased 
at a cost of $7,200. There are about twenty stockholders in this association, 
four of whom own the greater portion of stock, as follows : John Morrow, Har- 
rison Wood, Dr. Palmiter and William Hays. 

There is one subject which can be as well mentioned in this chapter as in 
any other. Reference is made to what was known in early years as the "Semi- 
nary Project." Not far from the year 1840, the State Legislature passed an 
act authorizing the County Commissioners to levy a ta,x for an amount not to 
exceed a certain figure, the same to be applied toward the erection of a seminary 
for the education of youth. This the Commissioners of Noble County did ; 
and Elisha Blackman was made " Seminary Trustee and Treasurer," to whom 
were paid all funds for this project. Money flowed in, while the county-seat 
was at Augusta, until the amount reached nearly $2,000, when, for some reason 
which the writer, after patient inquiry, could not learn, the whole scheme col- 
lapsed, and the money collected was either turned over to the tax-payer, or 
placed with the school fund, upon what terms are unknown. Thus the experi- 
ment died. 

From the time of the earliest settlement until about the year 1858, Noble 
County (and, indeed, all Northern Indiana, Southern Michigan and Northwest- 
ern Ohio, besides other localities) was so infested by liorse-thieves, burglars, 
highwaymen, counterfeiters, manufacturers of bogus coin, murderers and out- 
laws and desperadoes of every description, that no honest man with money or 
valuable possessions could say with assurance that either himself or his property 
was at any time safe from their attack. The entire period was one long mild 
reign of terror and apprehension. About the time that Noble County was first 
settled, or from 1830 to 1840, the notorious counterfeiter of Summit County, 
Ohio, James Brown, a man of great natural ability, and one of the most daring, 
audacious and successful "blacklegs" in all the country at the time, managed 
by adroitness and cunning to so surround himself and his company of kindred 
spirits with secrecy and mystery, that all efforts to shatter the organization were 
for many years defeated and baffled. It will be seen by the reader that many 
of the most notorious blacklegs of Noble County came from Summit County, 
Ohio, or vicinity, and received their first instruction in the school of the infa- 
mous James Brown. The entire system of outlawry in Noble County undoubt- 
edly sprang from that in Summit County, Ohio, and vicinity ; as the dreadful 
business here was first inaugurated by men either directly or indirectly from 
that locality. It is not the design in this volume to enter into the details from 
which a large book might be entirely written. Nothing but an outline can be 
given. From the fact that scores of men, now honored and respected residents 
of the county, were connected with the blacklegs, either in the capacity of 



64 HISTORV OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

thieves, or as manufacturers or passers of bogus coin and counterfeit bills, it is 
thought best to mention as few names as possible in this brief narrative. The 
children and grandchildren of James Brown are yet living near Akron, Ohio ; 
and, without exception, are all upright and law-abiding citizens. And yet they 
all feel that their father's infamy is a dark blot on the family name and honor. 
So it is in a score of instances in Noble County. Hundreds of the best citizens 
are connected by ties of consanguinity with blacklegs, whose names have become 
synonymous of disgrace and dishonor. Prudence would dictate, then, that in 
this volume the subject should be treated generally, that the feelings of delica- 
cy and shame in the hearts of descendants may be spared, and the family name 
and honor be cleared of infamy. 

New countries are always the haunts of criminals and outlaws. There 
they find security, secrecy and that lack of law which specially favors their 
atrocious deeds of villainy. Noble County at once became the headquarters of 
scores of convicts and criminals, and soon gained national repute as a perfect 
hot-bed of sagacious crime. In California, after the gold excitement had 
somewhat subsided, any man, it is said, who announced himself as coming from 
Noble County, Ind., was regarded with suspicion and distrust. So it was 
as far east as Maine, and as far south as Florida. Peace oflScers all over the 
United States and Canada heard of Noble County, and wondered why the gang 
of blacklegs was not broken up and dispersed. While it is true that horses, 
merchandise, money, and, in short, any property wanted by the blacklegs, were 
taken from the citizens of Noble County, yet it was not done to that alarming 
degree as to rouse the people of the county to a concerted effort against them 
until about 1856. A large, well-organized band of criminals made Noble 
County, among other places, the headquarters where counterfeit bank bills were 
made, where bogus coin was minted, and where stolen property of all kinds 
was secreted until the ardor of pursuit had abated, and the property could be 
disposed of. Criminal action was not corafined to the county, nor to Indiana ; 
but spread into all the neighboring States, and even West into the Territories. 
This is what, more than anything else, rendered the name of Noble County 
odious and detestable. It was the harbor of all villains. It was where they 
found sympathy and encouragement, security and assistance. Here they could 
dispose of stolen property. Here they obtained counterfeit bank bills and bogus 
silver coin. Here they were secreted from irate owners of stolen property and 
from pursuing peace officers. All this assistance, security and protection were 
furnished by resident blacklegs, men of seeming integrity, who were often 
wholly unsuspected by their nearest neighbors of having any complicity in the 
nefarious practices. Further than this, the very men secretly engaged in assist- 
ing criminal procedure were elected to the most prominent official positions in 
the county. The County Sheriff at one time (and perhaps others) was a noto- 
rious blackleg. It was next to impossible to secure a jury of honest men. 
Lawyers were blacklegs. Constables in almost every township were corrupt 






•'% 







(yyizji^^i^t^ti^ (2/i^i^%n^,^>>ijLAi 



YORK TP. 



HISTOUY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 67 

and criminal. For these reasons, the laws were ineffectual and powerless. In 
all law-suits other than against blacklegs, the demands of justice were strictly 
complied with as far as the blacklegs were concerned, as it was to their interest 
to appear honest and law-abiding. But, when horse-thieves or passers of coun- 
terfeit money were charged with crime and arraigned, it was found next to im- 
possible to convict them. They usually managed to escape on one pretext or 
another. 

It is necessary to begin at the earliest settlement of the county, and trace 
the growth both of crime and of the efforts made to curtail or terminate it. As 
early as 1836, Alpheus Baker, residing in the eastern part of the county, lost 
three valuable horses the morning after his arrival. As many as a dozen other 
horses were taken during the same year ; and, prior to 1840, there must have 
been at least fifty horses " pulled " from residents of the county. No township 
or locality was spared. Men dared not keep fine horses, and many were wisely 
contented with animals too wortliless to be bothered by thieves. In 1839, the 
first real movement was made against the blacklegs. This will be found narrated 
in the chapter written by Mr. Prentiss. Some twenty were arrested, against 
nine of whom bills of indictment were found, but all managed to escape the 
punishment they no doubt deserved. In about 1842, William Mitchell and 
Asa Brown, who had assisted in the arrest of horse- thieves from Ohio, two men 
who had fled to Noble County for protection, were repaid for the act by the 
burning of their barns. About the same time, stores at Rochester and other 
places in the county were broken open, and considerable property was taken by 
burglars. Men were attacked in their own cabins, and compelled at the muzzle 
of pistols to hand over their ready money. Peddlers were stolen from in much 
the same manner, and widespread apprehension of robbery and even murder 
was felt. About this time, a public meeting was called for the purpose of 
organizing a society for the protection of property, and for raising the necessary 
funds to pay for detecting and capturing thieves and other criminals. This 
meeting is said to have been heW at Kendallville. With startling audacity and 
presumption, the very men who habitually protected and harbored criminals, 
were loudest in their denunciations of all blacklegs, and most earnest in their 
declarations that something must be speedily done to check the alarmingly 
prevalent commission of crime. They thus became perfectly familiar with all 
the schemes to detect and capture blacklegs ; and of course were enabled to 
completely baffle all such attempts. The results of the meeting were thus 
rendered abortive. 

While every township had its blacklegs and rascals, perhaps the most 
notorious place was in the northeastern part of the county, in and around Rome 
City, and a little farther north, at a spot known as " The Tamarack." In this 
vicinity, several of the most notorious leaders of the blacklegs resided. The 
physical features furnished excellent facilities for the secretion of stolen property 
of all kinds. It was in this vicinity that, so far as known, the only bogus coin 

DD 



68 HISTORY OF XOBLE COUNTY. 

was manufactured in the county, except, perhaps, in Noble Township. In the 
latter place, while it is clear that the necessary implements for manufacturing 
bogus coin were found, yet there is no conclusive evidence that such coin was 
minted there. Men lived there who dealt largely in the coin, buying it for 
about 25 cents on the dollar of those who did manufacture it, and passing it at 
every opportunity to travelers and others. There is reasonably conclusive 
evidence that counterfeit bank bills were engraved and printed in Noble Town- 
ship. It is related that one of the oldest and most prominent citizens of Noble 
Township audaciously admitted to every one that he had any amount of bogus 
coin. He is said to have answered a man who wanted to borrow money of him, 
" Yes, come over ; I have plenty. I know it's good, because I made it myself." 
It is also stated that he bought a piece of land of the Government Agent at Fort 
Wayne, paying for the same with bogus silver coin. Speakingof this transaction, 

he said, " The money was so d d hot it burnt my fingers." An engraver 

of bills resided in Noble Township ; also a signer of the same. 

The Tamarack was a notorious place. Both counterfeit bank bills and 
bogus coin were manufactured in this vicinity. Hundreds of men were induced 
to pass bad money, who would not assist in the manufacture. Hundreds of 
men would buy and secrete stolen property, who would have nothing to do with 
stealing. Hundreds of young men were led into a more or less guilty com- 
plicity in criminal practices. This was one of the principal reasons why rascals 
could not be detected. So many were in some manner connected with 
the blacklegs, that neighbor dared not trust neighbor, and all concealed the 
truth. A certain chivalrous dignity became attached to the term "blackleg, " 
that adventurous young men could not resist. They were thus gradually led 
into crime. It must be understood that, while there was no boldly open and 
concerted opposition to the execution of the laws in the capture and conviction 
of criminals, yet the efforts of honest officers were avoided and the require- 
ments of the law frustrated. Honest men were not wanting ; they lacked 
unity and secrecy of action. All their plans became at once known to the 
blacklegs, and they were thus for many years outwitted and misled. Perhaps 
no one individual among the honest men of the county was responsible for the 
lack of unity and secrecy in the conviction of criminals ; and yet it is strange 
that, during all the long years of guilt and fear, no united and determined 
effort was made to end the "reign of terror." It cannot be said that there 
was not a sufficient number of honest men, as the criminals were comparatively 
very few. The execution of a few horse-thieves or counterfeiters by "Judge 
Lynch" would have ended the reign of crime in its infancy. It is a matter of 
wonderment that something of the kind was not done. What could the honest 
men have been thinking about ? Are they altogether free from blame ? 

During the period from the earliest settlement until the power of the 
blacklegs was broken, many criminals were made to suffer the penalty of their 
misdoings. Six or eight persons, several of whom yet reside in the county, 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 69 

were sent for short terms to the penitentiary. The blackleg leaders could not 
be caught by the mild efforts made ; neither could the gang be broken up. At 
last, lawlessness had become so widespread, that the State Legislature, in 
1852, enacted a law authorizing the formation of companies- of not less than 
ten nor more than one hundred persons, with all the rights and privileges of 
constables, in the detection and apprehension of criminals. Strange as it may 
seem, no movement in pursuance of this law was made in Northern Indiana 
until 1856, at which time the "La Grange County Rangers" came into being. 
Within the next three years, thirty-six other companies were organized in 
Northern Indiana. The following were those formed in Noble County : Al- 
bion Rangers, Jefferson Regulators, Lisbon Rangers, Noble County Invincibles, 
Port Mitchell Regulators, Perry Regulators, Swan Regulators, Sparta Guards 
and Wolf Lake Sharpers. Perhaps there were several others. About five 
hundred men belonged to the companies organized in Noble County. The 
Lisbon Rangers numbered eighty-one members, the Swan Regulators sixty- 
one, the Port Mitchell Regulators sixty and the Perry Regulators seventy- 
nine. While the law undoubtedly brought these companies into existence, 
some of them went beyond the stipulated legal authority conferred upon them. 
The law gave them no right to try, convict or execute criminals. The author- 
ity conferred was confined to the detection and arrest of law-breakers. Any 
company that went beyond this was acting without proper legal authority. 
Each company adopted a constitution and by-laws, setting forth the various 
objects of the society. Any person making application for membership was 
required to bear an untarnished name, to make a solemn pledge of secrecy, 
and to suT)scribe his name to the constitution and by-laws. The deliberations 
of each company were kept in profound secrecy until the contemplated arrests 
were made. Any man against whom suspicion rested, unless he cleared himself 
to the satisfaction of the regulators, was denied membership in any company. 
This state of affairs soon completely overthrew the power of the blacklegs. 

During the autumn of 1857, the first shot was thrown in the ranks of the 
enemy. " The first public demonstration was a grand parade of the regulators 
on the 16th of January, 1858, at an old settlers' meeting at Kendallville. 
Soon after the arrival of the morning train, and just before the organization of 
the meeting, about three hundred men on horseback moved down in majestic 
strength through the streets of the town, bearing mottoes and banners of every 
liescription, one of which contained a representation of the capture of a crim- 
inal with the words. 'No Expense to the County.' After a full display tlirough 
the principal streets, they repaired to the common near the Baptist Church, 
where several speeches were made, severely denouncing the blacklegs, and 
setting forth the intention to forthwith end their infamous deeds. This, to 
Noble and adjacent counties, was the star of hope — the omen of better days in 
Northern Indiana."* Many blacklegs were in town, who saw with fear that they 

* From History of theReguIatore of Northern Indiiioa, by M. H. 5Iutt, Esq., of Kendallville. 



70 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

could no longer control things as they had formerly done. Early on the fol- 
lowing day (Sunday, the 17th of January, 1858), a posse of fifteen or twenty 
members of the Noble County Invincibles, from Ligonier, proceeded to Rome 
City, and arrested nine (afterward five more) of the most notorious blacklegs, 
one of them being Gregory McDougal, all of whom were taken to Ligonier and 
placed in confinement to await investigation. A separate and private confer- 
ence was had with each man, and an opportunity afforded him to make a full 
confession, after which he was returned to confinement to await the action of 
the Regulators. In most cases confessions were volunteered, but, in a few 
instances where they were refused, a rigid means of extorting them was 
adopted. In this manner a more or less complete confession was obtained from 
each blackleg arrested.* From the time of the arrest until the 25th of the 
same month, thousands of people went to Ligonier to see the rascals and 
watch the movements of the Regulators. Every train brought in men who 
had been stolen from, and who had come forward to ascertain from the confes- 
sions where their property could be found. Scores of witnesses appeared from 
all quarters, even from the Eastern States, with damaging testimony against 
the culprits. In every confession, men were implicated who had previously 
borne an irreproachable character. This led to many additional arrests. One 
of the rascals had stolen thirty-six horses, besides a large amount of store 
goods. Every confession was a continuous and shocking recital of theft, bur- 
glary, assault, counterfeiting and other crimes. A committee of five of the most 
prominent Regulators was appointed to decide what was to be done with the 
blacklegs. This committee heard the confessions, questioned the prisoners, 
and examined witnesses. A few arrested parties were dismissed for want of 
damaging testimony. All the others, except McDougal, were turned over to 
the legal authorities. 

The career of McDougal had been much more infamous than any of the 
others. By his own confession, he, with the assistance of others, had stolen in 
less than a year thirty-four horses ; had broken two jails ; robbed four stores 
and two tanneries ; taken the entire loads of two peddlers, besides a large 
amount of harness, saddles, buggies and other property, and had passed large 
amounts of counterfeit money. He publicly boasted that no jail could hold 
him, and that he feared neither God, man, nor the devil. The Deputy United 
States Marshal of Michigan stated to the committee, under oath, that in 
Canada a reward had been offered for the arrest and conviction of McDougal, 
who was charged with robbery, jail-breaking at Chatham, and murder. The 
Marshal (a Mr. Halstead) also testified that he went to Canada to investigate 
the matter, and there learned that McDougal had killed a jailer's wife in order 
to free his brother from confinement. Tlie testimony of a confederate of Mc- 

* Prominent men at Ligonier, wlio were Regulators, and wlio participated in the examination and punishment 
of the blacklegs, informed the writer that several of the criminals refused to confess until they wen- threatened with 
lynching. Ropes were brought in and even placed aronnd the necks of the villains ; this generally brought them to 
their senses. It is said that one man was actually suspended by the neck for a few minutes, and then let loose, after 
which his confession was given without further ceremony. 



HISTOKY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 71 

Dougal confirmed this evidence of murder. It was also testified by the same 
witnesses, and others, that McDougal had robbed and murdered a school teach- 
er on the ice in Canada. One witness also testified that McDougal and several 
others had tortured an old Scotchman with fire to compel him to hand over his 
money. All tiiis evidence satisfied the committee, and the Regulators gen- 
erally, that McDougal was guilty of murder. The testimony was carefully 
considered ; the whole subject was calmly and impartially scanned and dis- 
cussed, and the committee finally, on the 25th of January, unanimously 
adopted the following report : 

We, the committee appointed by the Noble County Invineibles, to collect and investigate 
the evidence in the case of Gregory McUougal, now pending before this society, ask to make the 
following report : After having made a full and fair investigation of all the testimony, and 
having found during said investigation evidence of an unmistakable character, charging the said 
Gregory McDougal with murder, do recommend that the said McDougal be hung by the neck 
until dead, on Tuesday, the "iCith of January, 1858, at 2 o'clock P. M. 

Soon afterward the following resolution was passed : 

Resolved, That the captains of the several companies of Regulators in Noble and adjoin- 
ing counties notify the members of their companies to appear at Ligonier on the day of execu- 
tion, at the hour of 12 M., and that each captain be requested to escort his own company into 
the village in regular file and good order. 

The above report, recommending the hanging of McDougal, was submitted 
to the large assemblage of Regulators present, and on motion was received and 
adopted. It should be noted by the reader that, while the whole country was 
roused up at the prospect of the execution, and while Ligonier was filled to 
overflowing with excited men, the investigating committee was calm, just, de- 
liberate and rational, and the great body of Regulators thoughtful and deter- 
mined. All felt the responsibility of executing the sentence of death upon 
a fellow-mortal ; and the decision was only reached after nearly two weeks of 
impartial investigation. McDougal, no doubt, had as impartial a trial as he 
could have received in a regularly authorized court. Of course, the Regulators 
had no legal right to put him to death. But it has been the custom the world 
over from time immemorial, when the law is inadequate to afibrd protection to 
life and property, for the people to arise and calmly put offenders beyond 
further power of committing crime. In a case of this character, when a fair 
and impartial trial is afforded the accused, when competent men are appointed 
to defend (as in the case of McDougal), when all proceedings are deliberate, 
wise and just, and tJie law cannot afford that protection guaranteed hy the 
constitution, society recognizes the right of the people to punish criminals, 
even to the extent of taking life. This was precisely the state of affairs in the 
trial and execution of Gregory McDougal. It may be presumed that the in- 
vestigating committee knew what they were about when they recommended his 
execution. While McDougal confessed multitudes of crimes, he never admitted 
having committed murder, even when standing on the scaffold. 

Soon after the decision to hang McDougal was reached, he was informed 
for the first time of the doom that awaited him. Prior to this, he was careless 



72 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

and defiant. He declared he could not be frightened, and made profane and 
insulting remarks to those around him. When he was officially told that he 
was to be hung at 2 o'clock on the morrow, he became confused and affected, 
and made some wandering remarks. He asked for a clergyman, and also 
desired that his wife be sent for. This lady and her little child — the child of 
McDougal — arrived at 7 o'clock the next morning, and learned for the first, 
from the lips of her doomed husband, of his impending fate. She was com- 
pletely overcome with frenzied sorrow. McDougal, though perfectly composed, 
wept freely, and lamented his fate. The poor wife wept violently and bitterly, 
and the little child, catching the reflex of sorrow, cried with its parents. 
McDougal firmly denied that he had committed murder ; and his wife, on her 
knees, with streaming eyes, implored the Regulators to wait until her husband's 
innocence could be established. She begged that his execution might be 
delayed until some one could visit Canada ; but her prayers were unheeded. 
The final separation was hard; but McDougal resolutely kissed for the last 
time the sweet faces of his wife and child, and was hurried away. He was 
placed in a wagon which contained his coffin, and driven to near Diamond Lake, 
accompanied by a large crowd. Here a rope was fastened to the limb of a tree, 
a plank was extended from the top of the wagon to a prop at the other end, and 
the doomed man was given a last chance to address his fellow-beings. He 
spoke for about five minutes, declaring solemnly that he had never committed 
murder, but had stolen much property. He advised young men to take warn- 
ing from his fate, justified the intention of the Regulators to break up the gang 
of blacklegs, and finally declared his belief that God had forgiven his sins. 
His face was then covered, the rope was placed around his neck, the prop was 
knocked out from under the plank, and in a few moments Gregory McDougal 
was pronounced dead. That was the soberest occasion ever occurring in Noble 
County. McDougal lies buried near Rome City. His execution produced a 
profound impression in all the surrounding country ; and the power of the 
blacklegs was completely broken, and the guilty members scattered in all direc- 
tions — fugitives from the law. 

Two things remain to be noticed concerning the McDougal case : The 
right of the regulators to take the law into their own hands in the execution 
of the death sentence upon a fellow-mortal, and the conclusiveness of the testi- 
mony charging McDougal with murder. In regard to the first, it may be said 
that society, more especially in a new country, where the law is slack or alto- 
gether wanting, has always asserted the privilege (or the right) of hanging 
horse- thieves. While such action is often deprecated, yet the world at large 
condones and frequently applauds the offense. The servants of the law, 
knowing the sentiment of the public on this question, submit to the act and 
secretly say: " I'm glad of it." When, however, the crime of horse-stealing 
is repeated again and again under peculiarly atrocious circumstances and 
through many successive years ; when numerous assaults coupled with highway 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 73 

robbery and burglary are added ; when the infamous career of crime is darkly 
burdened by one or more distressing murders, and when the law is lifeless and 
inert — who will undertake to say that society is not entitled to the privilege 
(and perhaps the right) of calmly, justly and deliberately taking human life? 
But it cannot be said that, in 1858, the law could not be executed ; neither was 
it necessarily inoperative through the preceding twenty years. Nine out of 
every ten men in the county were honest. Why did they not execute the 
laws ? It was also seriously doubted at the time, even by the Regulators, 
whether McDougal was really guilty of murder. One of two things is certain : 
If McDougal was hung on the testimony that he had committed murder, and 
would not have been hung if such testimony had not been given, then either 
the investigating committee were satisfied of the conclusiveness of the testimo- 
ny, or they willfully perjured themselves, and outraged the public, in recom- 
mending his execution. The report of the committee does not state that " un- 
mistakable evidence of McDougal's guilt " was found ; but that " unmistakable 
evidence oharqing him with murder" was found, and in consequence of the 
evidence of the murderous charges his execution was recommended. It is rea- 
sonably inferred from the report, that the committee were not satisfied that Mc- 
Dougal had committed murder ; but that they recommended his hanging on 
general principles, because, by his own confession, he was an infamous villain, 
and because the charge of murder was tolerably well substantiated. Perhaps 
they also thought that his death would terrify his companions, and break up the 
gang of blacklegs. This is the view taken of the case by the great majority of 
citizens. It was afterward ascertained, beyond doubt, that the persons alleged 
to have been murdered by McDougal were yet living in Canada. In view of 
this fact, it is said that Halsted must have perjured himself before the commit- 
tee. One thing is certain : When Halsted visited Ligonier some time after- 
ward, he left the town in a hurry in fear of being lynched. 

Another man, a resident of the county, came very nearly being hanged by 
the Regulators. The proposition to hang was at first carried by vote ; but was 
afterward reconsidered and then lost by a small majority. He served a term of 
two years in the penitentiary. Another notorious rascal, a traitor to his com- 
rades, gave a great deal of valuable information to the Regulators. Six or eight 
of the principal leaders of the blacklegs had managed to escape, and, to capt- 
ure them, a Central Committee was organized at Kendallville, on the 19th of 
March, 1858, and empowered to tax subordinate companies for funds to carry 
on the detection and pursuit. The officers of the Central Committee were: 
President, Dr. L. Barber; Vice President, J. P. Grannis ; Secretary, M. H. 
Mott ; Treasurer, Ransom Wheeler. They offered a reward of $400 for one 
man, who was soon afterward brought forward by an enterprising Ohio Sheriff. 
This man was known as John Wilson, but the name was assumed. He refused 
to disgrace his parents by having his real name known. His confession was six 
hours long. He was remarkably crafty, and finally escaped from the Noble 



74 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

County Jail. A reward of $500 each was offered for the capture of Perry 
Randolph and George T. Ulmer. C. P. Bradley, a detective of Chicago, 
undertook the task, and, after following them over large portions of Kentucky, 
Ohio and Pennsylvania, finally captured both, and brought them in irons to La 
Grange County. Both were sent to the penitentiary. Another desperate 
character was William D. Hill. He fled to Iowa at the first outbreak, but was 
finally traced by Bradley and another Chicago detective, C. E. Smith, and, after 
a hard fight of fifteen minutes, was captured and brought to the Noble County 
Jail. He had often said that he would never be taken alive ; he feared the Reg- 
ulators. He escaped in the night with Wilson from Jail. Much more of inter- 
est might be said, but this will suffice. The "reign of terror" in Northern 
Indiana was at an end. 

During the spring of either 1859 or 1860, Mr. Judson Palmiter, of Lig- 
onier, a man of bright intellect, who had previously been connected with the 
Ligonier Republican in an editorial capacity, went to Kendallville and estab- 
lished the Noble County Journal, the first newspaper ever published there. 
The political complexion of the Journal was Republican ; subscription price, 
$1.50 per year; and soon a circulation of about five hundred was secured, but 
was afterward about doubled. The Journal was published by Piatt & Mc- 
Govern. The editor, Mr. Palmiter, was a cautious, forcible writer ; and the 
local columns of the Journal were crowded with terse, spicy news. In the 
prolonged editorial fight between the Journal and the Standard, the editor of the 
former was determined, skillful, and often justly wrathful and vindictive. His 
words were daggers, and his sentences two-edged swords. He conducted the 
paper with abundant success until the latter part of 1868, when the office was 
sold to Brillhart & Kimball, and J. S. Cox took the editorial chair. The 
Journal continued thus until the 1st of January, 1870, when it was purchased 
by Dr. N. Teal, who, in August of the same year, transferred the entire prop- 
erty to C. 0. Myers, and the Joxirnal was then consolidated with the Standard. 

The Kendallville Standard was established in June, 1863, by Dr. C. 0. 
Myers, there being at the time already a newspaper in the town ; but the 
excellent business qualifications, practical experience, and indomitable energy 
of its founder, soon placed it in the front rank of county journals. The Stand- 
ard has always been a stalwart Republican paper, fearless and independent ; 
and from its inception to the present time has received liberal patronage and 
universal public confidence. Several of its contemporaries and rival publica- 
tions have gone "where the woodbine twineth," while the Standard has been 
steadily growing in patronage, power and influence, and now enjoys a larger 
circulation than any other paper in the county. The Standard editorials were 
extremely bitter, dealing out invective and denunciation that rankled long in 
the heart of enemies, while friends were treated with uniform kindness and 
courtesy. Political and other differences between the Standard and the Jour- 
nal were fought to the last ditch ; and the personal enmity engendered will 



J' 



,^4 













**, " • J'if ■ '^^ 



COUNTY TREASURER 



I 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 77 

long be remembered by the citizens of the county. On the 1st of November, 
1880, Dr. Myers sold the Standard ofSce, wliich he had occupied successfully 
for seventeen and a half years, to the present proprietor, H. J. Long, an expei-i- 
enced newspaper man, who had been connected with the paper since 1865, in 
the capacity of foreman. Mr. Long has fine business qualifications, vast 
energy, and carries a cautious, trenchant pen ; and the paper, under his man- 
agement, is constantly extending its circulation. M. T. Matthews, a young 
man of fine ability, is local editor of the Standard. 

The first issue of the Weekly News appeared on the 13th of November, 
1877, the editor and proprietor being Dr. A. S. Parker, an old and respected 
citizen of Kendallville, where he located in 1857. Nearly two years before the 
first issue mentioned above, Dr. Parker had purchased the paper, which was 
then at Garrett, and had continued its publication there until compelled by the 
pressure of hard times to make a removal, which he did, as stated abovfe. The 
first issue comprised 200 copies only, as but little eSbrt had been made to secure 
subscribers, though the 200 copies went permanently into 200 homes. It started 
out without any special friends to boot or back it up. Without assistance, the 
editor and his family have labored until at present the circulation reaches 
nearly one thousand, and new names are added to the roll daily. Its politics 
is Democratic, though its editor is not so blind a partisan as to believe all that 
is good politically is within his party. The paper is on a solid financial basis. 
Two good printers are employed, one being Archie Dodge and the other Wads- 
worth Parker. The Neivs is a six-column quarto, is newsy, and every citizen 
should have it. It contains the latest market reports from large cities, and 
devotes several columns to agriculture and farm interests, and to city and 
county news. Subscription price, $1.50 per year. It is one of the best papers 
in the county. 

The short-lived papers of Kendallville have been as follows : In 1862, 
Barron & Stowe issued a small neutral paper, about twelve by fifteen inches, 
designed to circulate among the many troops then quartered there, making a 
specialty of war news and incidents of camp life, especially those in the camp 
at the town, and affording an excellent means for the advertisements of mer- 
chants and others to reach the ears of the " b(h)oys in blue." The cix'culation 
soon ran up to nearly 500, and continued thus for about two years, when the 
office was sold to Mr. C. 0. Myers. 

In the latter part of about 1869, Hopkins & Piatt began the publication 
of a small paper called the Daily Bulletin ; but, after it had continued a few 
months with partial success, the oiBcial management was greatly altered, the 
publishers becoming Piatt k Hopkins, and Thomas L. Graves taking the edito- 
rial chair. The paper was re-christened the Independent, came out with a 
bright face, and designed to be, as its new name indicated — independent. At 
the expiration of a few months the office was removed to Michigan, and the 
Independent ceased to exist. Its death occurred in 1870, while the circulation 



78 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

was about 300. In about 1872, the Roof Brothers began publishing the 
Semi- Weekly Times, a small sheet, neutral politically, and designed as an ad- 
vertising medium. It was issued about six months and then perished. About 
the time of the great temperance crusade in Kendallville, some ten or twelve 
years ago, a temperance magazine, published and edited by Shafer & Lash, 
was issued monthly for about six or eight months. It was an earnest exponent 
of temperance principles ; but its death was contemporaneous with that of the 
enthusiasm arising from the crusade. 

Rome City has enjoyed the luxury of several newspapers. In May, 187(3, 
the Rome City Review made its appearance under the editorship of Dr. 
Thornton, who, after a few months, sold the ofBce to J. R. Rheubottom, a 
printer of twenty-five years' experience. The paper was strongly Republican. 
In September, 1876, the office was removed to Wolcottville. In March, 1879, 
Mr. Rheubottom established at Rome City the Rome City Times, an expo- 
nent of that phase of national politics, known as "Greenbackism." T\\e*Times 
was a small sheet, 22x34 inches, and succeeded in securing a circulation of 
about .500 ; Mr. Rheubottom being both editor and publisher. At the ex- 
piration of about seven months the paper ceased to exist. In February, 1879, 
Revs. Lowman and Warner established at Rome City a religious periodical, 
entitled the Herald of Gospel Freedom. It was devoted to the interests of 
the Northern Indiana eldership of the Church of God. It was issued semi- 
monthly, at seventy-five cents per year, and was a five-column folio. It was 
removed to Indianapolis in 1881. For several months during the year 1880, 
W. T. Grose conducted at Rome City a Republican newspaper called the Rome 
City Sentinel, but after the October elections of the same year the paper be- 
came defunct. 

In the month of August, 185(3, a party of citizens from Ligonier visited 
Sturgis, Mich., for the purpose of inducing the proprietors of the Sturgis 
Tribune, Messrs. E. B. Woodward and E. D. Miller, to move their oflice 
and paper to Ligonier, offering as an inducement a money consideration, a 
guaranteed subscription list of 2,500 six-month subscribers, and a liberal patron- 
age of advertising and job-work, providing they would move immediately, and 
commence the publication of a thorough Republican paper, and advocate the 
election of John C. Fremont for President of the United States. The Re- 
publicans of Ligonier were without an organ at that time, and, thus being 
forced to submit to the adverse criticisms of a keen Democratic editor in an 
adjoining town, determined to have their cause (for which there were many 
radical partisans) upheld and protected. They therefore did as stated above. 
In less than two weeks after the above offer, the first issue of the Ligonier 
Bepublican made its appearance, the mechanical work being done by Messrs. 
Woodward and Miller, and the paper being ably edited by one of the citizens, 
Mr. Adrian B. Miller, a man of bright intellect, and a fluent as well as a very 
sarcastic writer. The Republican was published during the campaign of 1856, 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTV. 79 

and about the first of the following year was sold to the leading members of the 
Republican party at Ligonier ; Mr. J. R. Randall taking the management, 
editorial and otherwise ; Mr. E. B. Woodward entering the practice of law, and 
Mr. E. D. Miller (to whom the writer is indebted for this sketch) going to one 
of the Western States.* Early in 1857, Palmiter (Judson), Arnold and Pierce 
became editors and publishers, under the direction of a company of about forty 
stockholders, several of whom resided at Albion, Kendallville, and other por- 
tions of the county. Some changes were made in the editorship, Oscar P. 
Hervey occupying the "sanctum" for a short time. Finally, in the spring of 
1860 (or perhaps 1859), Mr. Judson Palmiter purchased the office apparatus, 
except the press, and, moving to Kendallville, began the publication of the 
Nohle County Journal. 

During the <,arly summer of 1861, J. R. Randall, who had been editing 
the Noble Qoiinty Herald, at Albion, removed the ofHce to Ligonier, still re- 
taining the old name of the paper. Mr. Randall was an earnest, though pru- 
dent writer, careful whom he offended, but fearlessly upholding the Republican 
cause. He published the paper about two years and a half, securing a circula- 
tion of about 500, the subscription price being $2. In the fall or winter of 
1863, the office was sold to C. 0. Myers and H. B. Stowe, the politics remain- 
ing the same, Mr. Stowe being actual editor. In about a year the office was 
sold to J. B. StoU, who changed the name and politics of the paper, or rather 
issued a new paper. W. T. Kinsey established the Ligonier Republican about 
the spring of 1867. and continued the paper through the campaign of 1868, 
and then the venture terminated. 

Early in 1880, a number of leading Republicans in Ligonier and vicinity, 
feeling the need of a party organ in their town, opened a correspondence with 
Mr. E. G. Thompson, of Michigan, with the view of making the necessary 
arrangements for issuing a Republican paper at Ligonier. This was effected, 
and, on the 4th of June, 1880, appeared the first number of the Ligonier 
Leader, an eight-page, forty-eight column newspaper, Mr. E. G. Thompson 
editor and publisher. The first edition, numbering 600 copies, was exhausted 
■within three days, the subscription price per annum being $1.50. The Leader 
began a fearless attack on the erroneous political and social questions of the 
day, withholding no honest conviction of opposing men and parties, but 
upholding the Republican banner with ceaseless energy, and to the satisfaction 
of its patrons. Through the earnest efforts of all interested in the success of 
the paper, the circulation steadily increased until at the close of Volume I the 
editor claimed a bona fide circulation of 1,300 copies per week. An interest- 
ing feature of the paper, and one that has contributed greatly to its success, is 
the department devoted to local correspondence. The success of the paper is 
assured, and the Republicans of Ligonier may congratulate themselves on hav- 

* Dr. Palmiter, of Ligooier, and several otlior citizens there say, tliat Mr. J. R. Randall did not edit this paper as 
-stated in the text, .\ccording to Mr. E. D. Miller, Mr. Randall was in for a few weeks, and wag then succeeded by 
Palmiter f Judson), Arnold and Pierce. 



80 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

ing so excellent an implement of warfare to attack the powerful Banner. In 
1865, Mr. J. B. Stoll, then on a visit to the county from Pennsylvania, was 
urged by Messrs. Baum, Walter & Co., of Avilla, to establish in Noble County 
a thorough Democratic newspaper. Prominent members of the Democratic 
party of the county were conferred with, and an arrangement agreed upon early 
in 1866, by whicli the first issue of the National Banner appeared on the 3d of 
May of the same year. The most active promoters of the project were 
Messrs. Baum, Walter & Co., Gilbert Sherman, Henry C. Stanley, Samuel E. 
Alvord, Owen Black, Howard Baldwin, James M. Denny, Jerome Sweet, 
James Skinner, John A. Bruce, James McConnell, Abi-aham Pancake, J. J. 
Knox, E. B. Gerber, C. V. Inks, David Hough, Dr. Parker, F. W. Shinke, 
Peter Ringle, Reuben Miller and others, who thoroughly canvassed the county 
and secured a paying list of subscribers for the new paper. As the county had 
been without a Democratic paper for a number of years, and as the Repub- 
licans had naturally grown haughty from successes and lack of opposition, the 
Banner, in its fearless expression of political conviction, in its sweeping and 
relentless denunciations of opposing party policy, encountered such a storm of 
opposition, that threats were finally made in the fall of 1866 to mob the office. 
But, back in the secret recesses of the sanctum, quiet but determined prepara- 
tions were made to receive the enemy, which, however, failed to appear oa 
time. The paper was edited and published by J. B. Stoll and Thomas J. 
Smith: subscription, $2.50 per year; but, after the October election in 1866, 
Mr. Smith sold his interest in the Banner to his partner, who became, and is 
to this day, sole editor and proprietor. Mr. Smith returned to the Key Stone 
State, where he still resides, enjoying a lucrative practice as a disciple of 
Blackstone. At the beginning of the third volume, the Banner was enlarged 
to an eight-column folio, and the office supplied with a Campbell power press, 
the first cylinder newspaper press ever introduced in Noble County. The 
paper, immediately after its first issue, became the Democratic party organ in 
the county, and its editor, to give it strength and permanence, and to infuse 
new life into' the members of his party, proceeded to effect an organization in 
every township, delivering speeches, and urging his fellow Democrats to present 
a bold front to the enemy. The Banner soon secured a large circulation, 
which it has retained until the present, never falling, since 1868, below 1,000. 
Tlie Democracy of the county, under the stimulus of the dauntless Banner, 
grew in power, and, of course, in self-esteem. In 1875, the office was supplied 
with steam. Prior to this — in 1872 — Mr. Stoll erected the two-storied brick 
building in which the Banner is now established, fitting the same expressly for 
a printing house. In January, 1879, the name of the paper was changed from 
the National Banner to the Ligonier Banner, a name yet retained ; and the 
paper was enlarged from an eight-column folio to a six-column quarto, or from 
thirty-six columns to forty-eight columns. The politics of Noble County was- 
revolutionized in the fall of 1870, when most of the candidates on the Demo- 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 81 

cratic county ticket were elected. This gave the Banner the ofiBcial patronage, 
to the dismay of its competitors. During the fifteen and a half years of the 
Banner's existence it has never missed a single issue. 

John W. Peters, the faithful foreman of the Banner ofBce, has been con- 
nected with the paper since its first issue, having come with Mr. Stoll from 
Pennsylvania. Employed in the Banner office as apprentices and job printers 
have been, among others, James U. Miller, now publisher of the Steuben 
Republican ; \V. K. Slieffer, now publisher of the Angola Herald ; Herbert 
S. Fassett, one of the present publishers of the South Bend Register ; John 
H. Eldred, now foreman of the La Porte Argus ; E. G. Fisher, now a citizen of 
Colorado ; Miss Ida King, now proof-reader in a leading Chicago publishing 
house, and Jacob Sessler, job primer in Toledo. 

Later. — On the 3d of December, 1881, James E. McDonald, of Colum- 
bia City, purchased a half-interest in the Banner for $3,000, the co-partner- 
ship, Stoll & McDonald, to date from the 1st of January, 1882, and Mr. Mc- 
Donald to assume the editorship of the local department, Mr. Stoll still remain- 
ing general editor. On the 5th of December, 1881, Mr. Stoll purchased two- 
thirds interest in the Elkhart Daily and Weekly Democrat, the contract to 
become effective on the 1st of January, 1882. • 

In the spring of 1849, William H. Austin, of Albion, moved into a va- 
cant room in the court house a small press and a quantity of second-hand 
material, and there began the publication of the Noble Oounty Star, a neutral 
paper, the subscription price of which was $1.50 per annum. A circulation 
of about three hundred was soon secured. A young printer, named William 
Norton, was foreman and actual editor. He also wrote largely for the paper 
original stories, sketches and poems. Norton was a youth of more than ordi- 
nary talent and literary culture, and his effusions gave to the paper a tone 
superior to the average of country newspapers at that time. Austin, the pro- 
prietor, was a genial, jolly fiddler of exceptional skill. He went far and near 
as the chief musician for dances, and thus made nearly money enough to 
defray the expenses of his newspaper. During the winter of 1849-50, Mr. 
Austin sold his press and material to Samuel E. Alvord, a law student from 
Northern Pennsylvania, who, being on a prolonged visit to an uncle at North- 
port, was engaged in teaching there and at Rome City. With this sale, the 
publication of the Noble County Star ceased. 

In March, 1850, Mr. Alvord removed the press and materials from the 
court house to a vacant business building on the northeast corner of York and 
Jefferson streets, belonging to the estate of Jacob Walters. Having arranged 
and put up his establishment, found a partner (Homer King, of Fort Wayne) 
and a foreman (James B. Scott, also of Fort Wayne), the new venture was 
ready for launching. On the 6th day of June, 1850, appeared the first num- 
ber of the Albion Observer, a Democratic newspaper ; Alvord & King, publish- 
ers and proprietors; S. E. Alvord and H. King, editors; the subscription being 



82 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

$1.50 per annum. The Observer was an exponent of that phase of Democratic 
sentiment called "Free-Soilism," being an advocate of the limitation of slave 
territory by Democratic agencies. In this, at that time, it was in harmony 
with the platform of the Indiana Democracy, adopted in 1848. The publica- 
tion of the Observer by Alvord & King continued until the winter of 1851-52, 
when King retired and went to California. The paper was continued by S. E. 
Alvord until December, 1852, when it stopped. Its greatest circulation was 
about four hundred. Advertising and job patronage was e.xceedingly "thin," 
and the paper was not self-supporting. Of the personnel of the Observer duv'mg 
its brief career of thirty months space will not allow mucli to be said. Homer 
King, the junior proprietor (not in years), an ex-merchant of Fort Wayne, was 
:i man of good business education, very genial, generous and popular, and 
withal of a keen, critical mind. His social proclivities were too preponderant 
for financial success. James B. Scott, the foreman during the first few months, 
was then a man of thirty-seven, an excellent printer, faithful, prompt and 
thoroughly honorable and reliable. He had great experience of men and par- 
ties, and possessed sterling good judgment and a quaintly philosophical turn, 
which, with his sympathetic nature and ready wit, made him a charming com- 
panion and a trusted friend. He established a paper at Delphi, Carroll County, 
about twenty-six years ago, and is still there — an honorable citizen, wealthy, 
respected, socially and politically influential, and happy in his home. Others, 
of course, came and \Yent, leaving their varied memories: S. A. Jones, the 
brilliant writer and speaker, who set type, composed poems, made speeches and 
wrestled with delirium tremens; the bright, eccentric Buckwalter; the steady, 
faithful Young, etc., etc. Two apprentices graduated in the office — Charles B. 
Alvord, who became a fast compositor and who has shown his handiwork in 
nearly every State and Territory <luring an erratic career of twenty-eight 
years as a wandering printer, and Hiram Walters, an excellent printer, now a 
citizen of Chicago. 

On the discontinuance of the Observer, a small local paper called the 
Noble County Expositor, devoted exclusively to the financial and official aftairs 
of the count}', was issued by S. E. Alvord, and continued about three months, 
the last issue being in March, 1853. It was not a partisan paper, and dealt 
independently with matters in Noble County. From this time until the summer 
of 185-1, there was no pa|>er published in Albion ; but, at the latter date, John 
W. Bryant canie from Warsaw, Kosciusko County, with an old-fashioned 
Franklin press and old printing material, and commenced the publication of 
the Albion Palladium, n Democratic paper. Shortly afterward, Theodore F. 
Tidball became a partner with Bryant in the publication and editorship of the 
Palladium, and the paper was issued from an ofl^ce then located ju.st east of 
the present site of R. L. Stone's drug-store. The building belonged to William 
M. Clapp. In the spring of 1855, the press and types were seized under a 
writ of replevin or attachment from Kosciusko County. Deprived of his press, 



IIISTOIIY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 83 

Bryant went to Columbia City, Whitley County, with his compositors, where, 
by " doubling teams," the Palladium a,nd the Deraoei'atic paper of Whitley 
County were both issued weekly from one press. The Palladium was folded 
;ind addressed and brought over to Albion in a buggy every week, and pub- 
lished and distributeil there. S. E. Alvord accompanied Bryant, and gratui- 
tously gave his services as assistant editor during the Whitley County episode, 
which lasted until the autumn of 1855, Tidball being in the meantime engaged 
in organizing a stock company of Democrats for the purchase of a now press 
and materials. This was accomplished, and, in the fall of 1855, the paper 
was re-established in Albion under the name of the Nohle County Palladium, 
Tidball & Bryant, editors and publishers. It was a decidedly Democratic 
sheet, and engaged with great activity and vim in the somewhat bitter partisan 
discussion of that time. The Palladium lived through the campaign of 1856, 
and stopped near the close of that year. 

The press and types of the Palladium were purchased of the stockholders 
by S. E. Alvord, and in February, 1857, was commenced the publication of 
the Nohle County Democrat. The proprietor, S. E. Alvord, was editor, and 
at first associated with himself, as publisher, G. I. Z. Rayhouser, of Fort 
Wayne. 

The Noble t'ounty Democrat, under the successive foremanship and 
management of W. T. Kimsey, George W. Roof and John W. Bryant, and 
under the editorship of S. E. Alvord (except during the summer and fall of 
1858, when George W. Roof was editor as well as publisher), completed two 
volumes, and was then discontinued until September, 1859, when a new series, 
still under the name Noble County Democrat, was commenced by Edward L. 
Alvord, a printer from the New York Tribune office. Subscriptions were lim- 
ited to four months — none being received for a longer period, and at the end 
of four months, being about the 25th of December, 1859, the Noble County 
Democrat became finally defunct. 

During the latter part of 1860, Joshua R. Randall, having bought of S. 
E. Alvord the printing press and material of the Noble County Democrat, 
commenced the publication of the Albion Herald. He had associated with 
him at different times a Mr. Starner and W. W. Camp, an ex-Methodist 
preacher. Starner was chiefly distinguished, and is mentioned, as the man who, 
on a small bet, ran about 160 rods, barefooted, in the snow on a cold winter 
day. The result of the exposure was natural — but he pulled through. Camp 
was (externally) a polished little fellow, generally wearing well-fitting gloves and 
a nobby air. Randall, the proprietor, was a man of some literary ability and 
of good sense. Shortly after the commencement of the last war, he removed 
his office and paper to Ligonier. About the beginning of 1866, A. J. and 
William F. Kimmell, hardware dealers, started a small periodical called the 
Albion Advertiser. The paper, though small, was bright and promising. In 
it was published a series of articles on the history of Noble County by Nelson 



84 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Prentiss.* W. F. Kimmell, getting the Nebraska fever, discontinued the publi 
cation the next year. The press and types of the little Advertiser were pur- 
chased by C. 0. Myers, and by him put away in a corner of his office. Several 
years of destitution followed until the fall of 1872, when S. E. Alvord once 
more entered the newspaper business. In September, he purchased a small 
press and types for the purpose, at first, of printing cards and small bills for 
advertising purposes ; but, being strongly importuned by many citizens, con- 
sented to issue a small paper called the New Era. For about three months the 
New Era was published on a quarter medium sheet with a Novelty press, after 
which time it was enlarged to a half medium and printed for a time on a com- 
mon hand press. A few weeks later it was enlarged to a six-column folio. The 
paper met with abundant success, and in the fall of 1874 was enlarged to eight 
columns, and a Fairhaven power press added. The subscription ran rapidly up 
until, in the fall of 1875, it numbered 1,200. It was an independent journal, 
and was published by S. E. Alvord until January, 1876. On the first of Jan- 
uary, 1876, Jacob P. Prickett and Thomas A. Starr purchased the New Era 
of Samuel E. Alvord, and commenced its publication as an independent Repub- 
lican paper, under the firm name of Prickett & Starr. It was at that time 
enlarged to a nine-column folio. On the 25th day of April, 1878, the partner- 
ship was dissolved, J. P. Prickett retaining control of the paper as editor and 
proprietor. On the ]7th day of October, 1878, in the face of an overwhelm- 
ing defeat of the Republican party in the county, the New Era became no 
longer non-partisan, but became an advocate of Republican principles. On the 
1st day of January. 1879, it was reduced in size to an eight-column folio, and 
continued as such until the 1st day of January, 1881, when it was enlarged to 
a, six-column quarto. 



CHAPTEK IV. 

BY WESTON A. GOODSPEED . 

Soldiers of the Revolution, of 1813 and of the Mexican Wak— Loyalty 
AND Disloyalty Shown when Sdmter Fell— Mass Meetings of In- 
dignant Citizens— The First Call for Troops— The Progress of E <- 
listment— County Bounty and Relief Fund— The Enrollment and 
the Draft— Interesting Incidents— Celebrations— Sketches of ti e 
Regiments— Aid Societies— Noble County's "Roll of Honor"— St t- 
tistical Tables. 

NOBLE COUNTY has had but little to do with any war in which tie 
United States has been involved, either with foreign nations or with 
rebellious subjects, except the great rebellion of 1861. No resident citizen of 
the county, so far as known, except one, had any participation in the Revolu- 
tionary war. This one was Nathaniel Prentiss, father of Nelson Prentiss, of 
Albion. When the colonies threw off the galling and burdensome yoke of 

'These articles, some thirtv in number, have been very useful to the writers of the county history, who hereby 
return many thanks for the use i>f the same. 



I 




???*■ 




^^^// /;%^^?fez:^^t3 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 87 

Great Britain, Nathaniel Prentiss was a youth of but twelve years of age. He 
entered the service of his country as servant to one or more continental officers, 
and continued thus three years, at which time, being large and strong enough to 
carry a gun, he enlisted as a soldier proper. He fought at the battles of Sar- 
atoga, Princeton, Trenton and Monmouth ; was present at West Point when 
Maj. Andre, the British spy, was captured, and witnessed his lamented execu- 
tion ; was with Gen. Washington during his encampment at Valley Forge ; 
was shipped on board a continental privateer, and finally captured by the 
British and confined one winter in the hold of the renowned prison-ship 
"Jersey," which bears about the same relation to the Revolution that Ander- 
sonville Prison does to the rebellion of 1861. He was then, with others, 
taken to the Island of Jamaica and kept in confinement until the close of the 
war, and then came to the United States, via South Carolina, walking thence 
to Connecticut, and arriving home on Sunday ; whereupon he was arrested by 
the authorities, and fined by the barbarous laws of the Nutmeg State for vio- 
lating the Sabbath. He was a Revolutionary pensioner from about 1824 
until his death, in 1839. He lived about two years in the county, and now 
lies buried in the cemetery at Ligonier. His wife drew his pension from ISS'.I 
until her death in 1861. 

The following residents of the county, among probable others, whose 
names cannot be learned, served in the war of 1812 : Andrew C. Douglas, 
now dead ; Niah Wood, dead ; James McMann, dead ; Adam Kimmell, Sr., 
who served six months in Pennsylvania ; he was a pensioner of the Govern- 
ment for a number of years ; he came to the county in 1852 ; died in 1870 ;* 
Andrew B. Upson, dead ; James Mael, living in Iowa at last accounts ; Henry 
Kline, dead : John Johnson, dead ; Alexander Montroth, died about a year 
ago ; Peter Black, dead ; Daniel Wiley, dead, was at the battle of Plattsburg ; 
Daniel Johnson, dead ; Mr. Wilson, died a few years ago within a few days of 
the age of one hundred years ; was with Lewis and Clarke on their expedition 
to the Pacific coast, and was on board the Constitution when it defeated and 
sank tiie Guerriere ; and Sheldon Perry, dead. Nothing further could be 
learned of soldiers in the war of 1812. 

The knowledge obtained of the soldiers of the Mexican war is no better. 
The following is the brief record : Joseph Braden, yet living ; James C. Rid- 
dle, living ; James J. Knox, living, who went from Mansfield, Ohio, in the 
Third Regiment of that State; James Hinman, living, who also served at the 
age of about sixty-three years in the last war; he enlisted but was rejected ; he 
then employed a barber and a tailor, who succeeded in making him appear 
about forty years of age ; whereupon he was accepted as fifer in the Thirtieth 
Regiment, and served his country through the war ; .A.aron Field, living ; 
George Hart, living; J. H. G. Shoe, died in the service; Jefferson Smith, 
dead ; Mr. Gibbs, dead ; Harvey McKinney, died in the service ; Stark Bethel, 



*From iaformation furnished the writer by Adam Kimmell, Jr., Albion. 



88 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

dead ; James Galloway, died in the service ; Joseph Crow, dead ; and George 
Carlyle, dead. Of these, J. H. G. Shoe, Jeflerson Smith, Mr. Gibbs, Stark 
Bethel and James Galloway went from Noble County. The most of the others 
went from Ohio or other portions of Indiana. It is said that a partially-formed 
militia company at Ligonier, Rochester and that vicinity offered their services 
as a body for the Mexican war, but were refused, as the quota was already 
more than full. Several of the Noble County boys resided at or near Wolf 
Lake. They were in the Second Regiment Indiana Volunteers, commanded 
by Col. Lane, and served along the Rio Grande River, participating in no en- 
gagements of note. In common with all northern troops who went into the 
hot and peculiar climate of the " Land of the Montezumas," they suffered ter- 
rible hardships from privation and disease. Some of them lie burieil under 
a tropical sun in the far-off land of Mexico ; and their graves, like the tomb 
of Moses, are unknown. The brave boys who fought in Mexico must not be 
forgotten. 

It is unnecessarv to give a summary of the causes which led to the war of 
the rebellion. Historians persist in calling it the " Irrepressible Conflict," 
meaning thereby, that the antagonism which had slowly developed through a 
long period of years between the North and the South by the questions of slav- 
ery, State sovereignty, the tariff, and all their kindred attendants, could never 
be peaceably settled. Occurring, as the war did, but twenty years ago. its 
weary marches, dreadful sufferings from disease, daring achievements on the 
field of battle, and the fearful thought that the South might be successful, are 
yet green in the recollection of maimed and honored participants. Continued 
and extensive preparations for war were made in the South long before the 
North ceased to believe that the differences which bitterly divided the two fac- 
tions of the Government might be amicably adjusted. Armed and hostile bands 
of the rebellious citizens of the South seized, at every opportunity, large quan- 
tities of military stores, and took forcible possession of important strategic 
points ; but still, the North was hopeful that peace would prevail. Statesmen 
in the North viewed with reluctance or contempt the steady and extensive prep- 
arations for war in the South, and refused to believe its presence until the first 
blow fell like a thunderbolt upon Fort Sumter, and, at the same time, upon the 
faithful hearts of loyal people. President Lincoln, with that kind forbearance, 
that sublime charity, which ever distinguished him, wisely hesitated to begin the 
contest. Hot-blooded Abolitionists in the North urged him repeatedly to 
strangle the hydra of secession in its infancy ; but still he hesitated. Even 
when Sumter fell, the North still believed that the rebellion would be quelled 
in ninety days. But, as time passed on, and the large bodies of troops failed 
to control or quell the aggressive and daring movements of the confederate 
armies, and the sullen tide of steady reverses swept over almost every field of 
battle, the hope of the North for peace died out, the gloom of probable national 
disaster and disunion filled every heart, and for many desolate months the out- 
look was dark and forbidding. 



|l 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 89 

When the news of the fall of Sumter swept over the country like a flame 
of fire, in all places the most intense excitement prevailed. Men everywhere 
forgot their daily employment, and gathered in neighboring villages to review 
the political situation and encourage one another with hopeful words. The 
prompt call of the President for 75,000 volunteers the day succeeding the fall 
of Sumter, sent a wave of relief throughout the anxious North ; and in every 
State more than double the assigned quota of men, without regard to political 
views, tendered their services and their money to the suppression of the rebell- 
ion. Fiery and indignant mass meetings were everywhere held, and invincible 
determinations of loyalty prevailed. There was not a town in Noble County in 
which the citizens did not gather to listen to loyal and eloquent words from Re- 
publicans and Democrats. The War Democrat was a good fellow. His senti- 
ments toward the South were undergoing a change ; and like all true converts 
he entered, heart and soul, into the wrathful public gatherings that were held to 
indignantly denounce the rebellion. The Abolitionist fairly boiled over with 
fiery determination to avenge the shameful insult oifered to the "glorious old 
flag." Here and there in the county was found a man who soberly shook his 
head and remarked, " Well, I suppose if the South is determined to go out of 
the Union, we'll have to let it go. I don't think the Government has a right 
to compel the Southern States to remain. I am opposed to the war." But 
such sentiments were speedily borne down by the intense loyalty everywhere 
prevailing. 

One of the first public meetings in the county in response to the news of 
the fall of Sumter and the call of the President for 75,000 volunteers was held 
at Wolf Lake, and is thus described by Colonel Williams, who, at that time, 
resided there : 

" The citizens of Wolf Lake and vicinity assembled at the old hotel in the 
village, then kept by ' Uncle George,' as everybody called the proprietor, 
George W. Matthews ; everybody was excited, indignant and boiling over with 
a consuming desire to do something. During the campaign of the year before, 
the two political parties had erected each its distinctive political pole on the 
public square in front of the hotel, the one flying on its flag the names of Lin- 
coln and Hamlin, the other the names of Douglas and Johnson. The Demo- 
cratic pole was cut down during that winter, but the Republican pole, being an 
unusually tall and shapely one, was allowed to stand, and on the fall of Fort 
Sumter, the maul and wedges (the rail-splitter emblems of the Republican 
party at that day) were still dangling from the top. ' What shall we do ?' The 
writer hereof was urged by all to 'say something.' I proposed, after briefly 
reciting the exciting news of the hour, that we take down the Republican pole, 
remove the maul and wedges and other political emblems and mottoes attached ; 
that I would remove the names of Douglas and Johnson from my large Demo- 
cratic campaign flag, and as we were now neither Republicans nor Democrats, 
but Union men and hot for fight, we would as Union men hoist the pole as a 



90 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Union pole, with a Union flag. It was then agreed that on the morrow the 
work should be done. The morrow came and quite an earnest and patriotic 
little crowd had gathered, Republicans and Democrats. The Republican pole 
was soon taken down, the emblems, etc., removed, and up it went again amid 
the cheers of the little crowd, and soon after the large flag was rolling out its 
beautiful folds to the sunny breeze of that April day. After three times three 
hearty cheers for the flag of our Union, in response to the call of the crowd, 
the writer mounted a goods box and delivered perhaps the first (certainly among 
the first) war speech made that year in the county. That speech often recurs 
to the writer when reviewing the memories of that stirring year. I spoke about 
twenty minutes or longer, and then informed the crowd that men must look 
their duty in the face and like men meet it. There was but one feeling, one 
resolution, one purpose. Old men and young men. Republicans and Democrats, 
each and all, then cried out for vengeance on the heads of the traitors who had 
insulted and defied the majesty and power of the Government. Old Uncle 
George Matthews, old himself, without a tooth in his head, was the first man to 
offer himself as a volunteer ; he had, he said, half a dozen sons who could go, 
and if they did not go and fight rebels he would disown them. His sons need- 
ed no urging ; several of them entered the service that summer, and efficient 
and gallant soldiers they made, as the writer can testify from ample knowledge. 
I should like, if I could, give the names of all who composed that patriotic 
little crowd, which did not exceed one hundred, perhaps. But I remember 
some who took an active part in the proceedings that day. I call to mind 
Andrew Humphreys, Dr. Elias Jones, Francis R. Davis, David S. Scott, Dr. 
W. Y. Leonard, Charles V. Inks, Edwin W. Matthews, James C. Stewart, 
- John P. Kitt, Jonathan W. Elliott, Jacob Mohn, Billy Holiman, Jacob and Oliver 
Matthews, Samuel Beall, Allen Beall, Uncle Joe Inks, Tommy Gray; and I couhl 
think up and recall other names, if it were important to do so. Steps were 
commenced at that particlar time to organize a military company, under the 
laws of that day organizing military companies, and it was the intention to 
offer the services of the company to the Governor. Correspondence was at 
once opened by the writer with Gen. Lazarus Noble, the efficient Adjutant 
General of the State, as to the mode of procedure, etc. Quite a number of 
names were enrolled, and in a few days it looked as if Wolf Lake would be the 
first to be in the field with a military organization and off for the war. Some 
hitch or technecal difficulty, I don't now recall, with the Adjutant General, 
threw a damper on the boys, and on offer to be mustered into any regiment, un- 
der a three months' call, not then full, word was received from the Adjutant 
General that the quota of the State was full and enough offers on hand to fill 
up twenty more regiments. The boys were informed by the Adjutant General 
that they would all have a chance before winter, and urged them to keep up 
their organization, as new troops would be called out inside of three months. 
Tiiis was not satisfactory to the boys, for they went elsewhere and enlisted, 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 91 

some to Michigan, some to Illinois, and a number to other parts of the State 
where they heard and hoped that there was yet a chance to get into the three 
months' service. Finally new arrangements were made: The Thirtieth In- 
diana, under the second call for troops, was making up its quota at Fort Wayne, 
and two of its companies, ' C ' (Captain Joseph E. Braden, of Ligonier), and 
•F' (Captain William N. Voris) were raised in Noble County. Company 
' C ' was made up at Ligonier, and uniforming themselves in a neat and con- 
venient rig, the gallant fellows marched afoot to Fort Wayne, a distance of 
some forty miles. They stopped at Wolf Lake en route and partook of a public 
dinner in the old Baptist Church, prepared by the citizens of Wolf Lake and 
vicinity. Company ' F ' went into camp on the old fair grounds at Albion, 
and having been joined by quite a number from the east side of the county, and 
their ranks being full, they, too, started for Fort Wayne. Hardly had the 
Thirtieth Indiana got under good headway at Fort Wayne, and before it was 
near filled up, the Forty-fourth Indiana was ordered to be organized. Such of 
the original roster of Wolf Lake of April, that had not gone into the Thirtieth" 
Indiana or other regiments of the State, or elsewhere, now again signed the 
roll of the writer undersigned, for service in the Forty-fourth Indiana. This 
organization became Company ' G,' Forty-fourth Indiana." 

The first speech made in Kendallville after the fall of Sumter was deliv- 
ered in the street to a large crowd of townsmen and countrymen, by a commer- 
cial traveler, who was stopping at the Kelly House at the time. Like all men 
of his occupation, he was well posted on the issues of the day, was naturally a 
bright fellow and a fluent speaker, and was loyal to the core. He made a rous- 
ing speech that was listened to with rapt attention and tumultuous applause. 
This was probably on the day following the one on which 75,000 volunteers 
were called for. Speech-making was very popular about that time, as the 
masses sought a leader — one who could present their views in eloquent words, 
and could direct them in their efforts to suppress the rebellion. The second 
speech was probably delivered by a drayman named Hogan. He stood on his 
wagon and made a humorous and thoroughly loyal speech to a large crowd that 
surrounded him. The first speaking of note was held in the Methodist Church 
within about a week after Sumter had fallen. The principal speaker was 
Judge Tousley. He briefly reviewed the causes which led to the outbreak, and 
finally said that, in order to see how many volunteers, if necessary, could be 
secured at Kendallville for the war, he asked all those who were willing and 
ready to go to rise to their feet. Instantly eight or ten brave fellows sprang 
up, the first, it is said, being Charles Dunn, and the second Lute Duel. 
Either the latter, or Capt. Voris, was the first one from Noble County to 
enter the service. Many others at this meeting signified their readiness to go 
if they were needed. Judge Tousley told the young men not to be rash, but to 
squarely face the situation, as all would have an opportunity to go before peace 
was secured. An early war meeting was held at Ligonier. J. R. Randall, 



'J2 history of noble county. 

editor of the Ligonier Herald, was one of the speakers, and Joseph Braden, 
who had served in the Mexican War, was another. The latter had a phrase, a 
relic of the Mexican war, which he had been heard to use very often. It was, 
" I'm in favor of this war and the next one." When he delivered that old sen- 
tence, by which he was so well known, from the stage on the occasion of this 
war meeting, it seemed so fitting and appropriate to the occasion that the audi- 
ence burst into tremendous cheers. Many at this meeting asserted their read- 
iness to go out to fight their country's battles. The war spirit at Albion di<l 
not take a strong public course until somewhat later. Clusters of loyal men 
could be seen here and there, on the streets and in the stores, very early, 
soberly discussing the probable continuance of the pending struggle. Vigorous 
denunciations of the course of the South could be heard from every quarter. 
Mr. Denny, who had been a strong Democrat, came boldly out for a rigorous 
prosecution of the war against those who dared to trail the old flag in the dust, 
and by his eai-nest speeches and pronounced loyalty did a great deal to turn his 
fellow Democrats back from the pitfall of asserted sympathy with the South. 
The same is true of Mr. Alvord. At the session of the Literary Society held 
at the Lutheran Church in Albion, shortly after Sumter was fired upon, Mr. 
Alvord recited a poem of his own composition on the subject of "Maj. Ander- 
son and the Old Flag." When troops were called for, he traversed the county, 
delivering speeches and encouraging the citizens to volunteer. At one of these 
meetings, while his muse was above the clouds, he was suddenly confronted by 
a large, angry woman, with a baby under her left arm and her right hand 
clenched into a fist of formidable size. Her " man " was in the army, and she 
demanded, as she shook the aforesaid fist threateningly at him: "Why don't 
you go and volunteer yourself, instead of coming out here and trying to get 
other men to go ? " That was the last of the muse that had soared so high and 
well. The question remained unanswered — a shocking violation of etiquette. 
In response to the second call for volunteers (May 3, 1861), a large war meet- 
ing was held in the new court house at Albion. Among the speakers were Samuel 
Alvord, Nelson Prentiss, J. H. Stoney, Judge Clapp, Judge Tousley, Oliver 
McMann, James Denny and Dr. Dunshee. Here it was that the first attempt 
to enlist troops at Albion was made. Early mass meetings were held at Rome 
City, Avilla and other places. 

The six regiments required from Indiana under the first call of the Presi- 
dent for troops were raised so rapidly in the larger places, where the work of 
enlisting a company was but the thought of a day, that the more thinly popu- 
lated portions of the State were not represented in such regiments, save by 
occasional men, who were determined to smell powder at the earliest possible 
moment. This was the condition of Noble County. For this reason, no at- 
tempt was made to perfect the organization of a company, as many thought the 
rebellion would be quelled by the volunteers enlisted under the first call by the 
time their term of service had expired. There is some doubt regarding the 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 93 

name of the first man of Noble County who succeeded in getting into the serv- 
ice. Capt. William N. Voris enlisted on the 22d of April, 1861; but Lute 
Duel claims to have been mustered into the service a day or two before. These 
two may be regarded as the first. They were in the Ninth Regiment, as were 
quite a number of others from the county, the exact number not being known. 
They were probably the only ones from the county in the three months' serv- 
ice. Quite a number went to Indianapolis and enlisted in the Twelfth, .in the 
one year's service. Some enlisted in the Thirteenth, some in the Nineteenth, 
some in the Twenty-first, some in the Twenty-second, some in the Twenty- 
ninth and a great many in the Thirtieth, which regiment was organized by Col. 
Hugh B. Reed at Fort AVayne. This regiment was begun on the 3d of August 
and mustered into the service on the 24th of September, 1861. Joseph E. 
Braden, in August, began the organization of Company C for this regiment, 
with headquarters at Ligonier. William N. Voris organized Company F at 
Albion. These were the first two companies dispatched from Noble County to 
the field. Company F contained many men from Kendallville. Just before 
Company F left Albion for Fort Wayne, it was presented with a fine flag by the 
citizens of Albion, Mr. Alvord delivering an eloquent presentation speech and 
George W. Plants replying for the boys. There were almost three companies 
of men in the Thirtieth Regiment from Noble County. The Thirty-fifth, 
Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth and Forty-second Regiments contained quite a 
number of men from Noble County. There was scarcely a company in the 
Forty-fourth that did not contain men from the county. Company G was 
almost wholly thus represented, as was Company H to a large extent. Com- 
pany G was raised by Dr. William C. Williams and Peter Snyder, of Kendall- 
ville, the two squads being consolidated by the election of Dr. Williams, Cap- 
tain; Henry Shoemaker, First Lieutenant; Daniel Cary, Second Lieutenant; 
both Lieutenants being from Kendallville. Capt. Williams remained such until 
finally, for meritorious services, he went up at one bound to the colonelcy of 
the Forty-fourth Regiment. He was with the regiment until the battle 
of Stone River, when he was taken prisoner, conveyed to Atlanta and impris- 
oned. About this time. Judge Marchbank, a rebel emissary to Canada, was 
captured by the Federal Government and declared to be a spy, which meant 
death. As soon as Gen. Bragg learned of this, he ordered that the highest 
Federal officer in rank below the grade of Brigadier General, confined at 
Atlanta, should be put in solitary confinement, as a hostage for the safety of 
Judge Marchbank. Col. Williams was the officer thus conditionally doomed. 
The following is his own description of succeeding events: "Each night, as I 
lay down in the dark on the old cot in my cell," says the Colonel, "I thought 
might be my last on earth, and that in the morning I would be summoned 
forth to answer with my life on the gallows. The days wore away in weari- 
ness and the long solitudes of the terrible nights, which brought but little 
sleep, slowly crept along, and each day and night only added to the agony of 



94 HISTORY OF NOBLE CO0NTY. 

the awful suspense that environed me. Escape there was none. My guards 
had strict orders to hohl no communication with me under severe penalties. 
The dark, damp, small room in which I was confined was telling daily on my 
health, and I was not sure, unless they hung me up soon, that I should be able 
to flank Jeff. Davis and Gen. Bragg by dying a natural, although a lingering, 
death. Some sixteen days thus passed, and one morning I was ordered by one 
of my guards to come forth and report to the officer in charge of the prison. 
I reported to that officer at his room, and he informed me that he had orders to 
release me from solitary confinement, that Judge Marchbank had been sent 
through the lines South, and the hostage business was at an end. Weak, sick 
and weary as I was, I gave a bound and was at once in the midst of my room- 
mates across the corrider, and a rejoicing was had, dear old Gen. Willick mak- 
ing a speech, until his emotions choked him up so full that he broke down." 

Aftei; about three months at Atlanta, Col. Williams was sent to Libby 
Prison, Richmond, Va., where he remained and suffered many long months, a 
horrified, starving victim of the slave-holders' rebellion. The Forty-fourth was 
organized in September and October, 18t)l, at Fort Wayne. The Forty-eighth 
and the Fifty-ninth Regiments contained Noble County men. The Seventy- 
fourth was organized at Fort Wayne in July and August, 1862, by William 
Williams, and contained something more than a company from Noble County. 
Company D was raised almost wholly at Kendallville. The Eighty-eighth 
was organized at Fort Wayne in August, 1862, by George Humphrey. Com- 
pany B of this regiment contained men from all parts of Noble County. 
A few from Noble were in Companies D and F. The One Hundredth was also 
organized at Fort Wayne in August and September, 1862, by S. J. Stoughton. 
Company E was from Noble County. A few men went into the One Hun- 
dred and Nineteenth regiment, which was for a time the Seventh Cavalry. 
The Twelfth Cavalry, which was organized at Camp Mitchell, Kendallville, 
from September, 1863, to March, 1864, by Edward Anderson, contained 
enough Noble County men to form about two companies. Nearly every man 
in Company B was from Noble. Many were in the One Hundred and 
Twenty-ninth Infantry, Companies B, C, D and I, containing Noble County 
men, the latter being almost wholly composed of such. Company D of the 
One Hundred and Thirty-ninth was raised in Noble County. This regiment 
was organized at Indianapolis in April, May and June, 1864, by George 
Humphrey. Companies A, D and G of the One Hundred and Forty-second 
regiment were largely from Noble County. This regiment was organized at 
Fort Wayne by J. M. Comparet, from August to November, 1864. Compa- 
nies A, B, C, E, F, I and K of the One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment 
contained men from the county. This regiment was enlisted for one year, and 
was organized at Indianapolis from December, 1864, to March, 1865. It per- 
haps contained more men from Noble County than any other regiment. Other 
regiments raised in neighboring counties of Indiana, and even in other States, 




£t^e^ ^^lA-^c^^fCe^i^J.^ 



YORK TP. 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 97 

contained men from Noble. Nelson Prentiss estimates that about 1,800 men 
went from Noble County to engage in the war of the rebellion, and that about 
300 of these never returned. The writer of this chapter, after patient and 
protracted inquiry and study, finds that those figures are not far from correct. 

There remain to be considered the questions of public feeling or senti- 
ment, of loyalty and disloyalty, and of united movements to encourage or dis- 
courage enlistments, and to provide the families of soldiers with the necessaries 
of life in the county while the war was still raging. Of course there was 
more or less disloyalty from men who (it is not strange) do not like to talk 
about the war to-day. No united, nor, perhaps, prominently public eifort was 
made to discourage enlistments or resist the draft or oppose the duties of the 
enrolling officers or the Provost Marshal. But threats were made in almost 
every locality, often quite openly, that the enlistment and the draft would be 
stubbornly resisted, if necessary, with force. The following is quoted from the 
Adjutant General's reports: "In Noble County, information was given to the 
Governor February 3d, 1863, that the ' Knights of the Golden Circle ' were 
fully ' organized and armed, and talked freely of the prospect of war here at 
home in case the Southern confederacy is not recognized, and "Old Abe" 
persists in his emancipation scheme. They publicly and boldly declare that no 
deserter shall be arrested here, that the Abolitionists are to be exterminated, 
and that the Northwestern States are to form a government by themselves.' " 
While, perhaps, these declarations were freely made, it is certain that, with the 
exception of a few knock-downs and a few mild riots caused by such declara- 
tions at public gatherings, no serious trouble ensued. All opposition ended 
with the disloyal declarations and the inevitable knock-down. Sometimes the 
knock-downs were reversed, as is shown from the following taken from the 
Nohle County Journal of July, 1868 : 

Brcsh College. — Out from Rochester, Noble Co., Ind., in the woods, is a logschoolhouse, 
where the Union and Copperhead sentiment divides. On Sunday last came a collision in which 
the Delilahs figured most prominently. The Union forces we understand were rather worsted. 
We learn that the fight is to be renewed next Sabbath. 

In November, 1864, the following appeared in the same paper referring to 
Kendallville : 

On Monday, a company of six men were arrested, some of whom had been overheard 
talking about burning the town. These were sent on Tuesday night to Indianapolis. On Tues- 
day night five more were arrested on suspicion. The town has been patroled and precautions 
taken to frustrate such hellish designs. Most of these men are probably refugees and bounty- 
jumpers — desperate characters from Canada and elsewhere — who by their own innate wicked- 
ness, and incited by the every-day harangues of campaign Democratic speakers and papers, think 
that they have a license to lay waste loyal towns and cities. It is to be hoped that our authori- 
ties, both civil and military, will use the utmost diligence to detect and ferret out such designs, 
and be ready to inflict most summary punishment upon any such steeped criminals, when caught. 
Besides this no unknown characters without proper business should be tolerated in our midst. 

The following occurred at Albion in June, 1863 : 

Peace at Albion. — The "Democratic" species of Peace men met at Albion 
on Saturday last. The immortal Robert Lowry, of Gosheti, who, in 1854, wrote and pub- 



98 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

iished that it was as reasonable to talk about repealing the " ten commandments as 
the Missouri Compromise," but who since then has blathered and bellowed that " the repeal 
was the great and glorious principle upon which our fathers fought the battles of the Revolu- 
tion," was imported as speaker to go over his choice vocabulary of slang epithets and abuse of 
the army, its ofScers, the President, the heads of departments, and everything else but traitors. 
who have immerged this whole land in blood and mourning, and their sympathizers in the 
North. As Mr. Lowry did not come at the hour appointed, (Jol. Williams, being a Democrat, was 
called upon ,ind made a sensible Democratic speech. While Col. Williams was speaking Mr. 
Lowry came upon the ground, and when Col. Williams had concluded, made such a tirade .as we 
have spoken of above. At the conclusion of Mr. Lowry's remarks. Col. Williams was again 
called out, when he proceeded to administer such a castigation to the " ten commandment man " 
from Goshen, as we are informed men very seldom receive. Lowry then replied in coarse bil- 
ling.sgate. Col. Williams again arose to reply, when the Democracy, fearing that their imported 
would be too fearfully peeled, sounded their horns, drums, fifes and "whisky tunnels," and 
scampered off. Notice was then given that Col. Williams would speak again on Wednesday 
evening of this week. 

One of the most serious outbreaks in the county during the war occurred 
in Swan Township in 1863. One Sunday, a meeting of Dunkers was held in 
a barn belonging to Samuel Shadows. A discussion of war topics was indulged 
in by a party of men standing outside. The men became excited — mad, began 
calling hard names, until at last they came to blows, some ten or twelve taking 
part in the melee. Blood soon flowed from sundry noses, sound heads were un- 
ceremoniously cracked, ribs were seriously punched, and numerous men, both 
Copperheads and Abolitionists, like Nebuchadnezzar, went to grass. The bat- 
tle was bloody, but the Union troops were victorious. In a store in Ligonier a 
large man boldly exclaimed, " Vallandigham is just as loyal as Lincoln ! " 

whereupon a small man publicly and loudly cried : " You are a d d liar !" 

The large man said to the small man, " Come out in the street and I'll lick the 
stuffing out of you." The small man seemed to relish the invitation, for he 
followed. No sooner had the pugilistic couple reached the street than the large 
man suddenly fell violently on the hard walk, while the blood flowed freely 
from a cut in his head. He got up and went liome, a wiser, and, it is hoped, a 
better man. Incidents of this character might be multiplied without limit. It 
was fashionable to wear butternut breastpins in Copperhead circles during the 
war. This led to frequent affrays, after which it usually became fashionable 
not to wear them. Soldiers home on a furlough were generally on their muscle, 
and instantly resented any insult offered " Old Abe," the " old flag," or the 
" boys in blue." During the year 1863. the darkest for the Union cause while 
the war continued, quite a number of men who had gone from the county to 
serve their country deserted, and many of them came home, where they were 
secreted by their friends. The arrest of tliese deserters afforded exciting sport 
for the Sheriffs and Marshals. As troops were called for from the county, all 
the prominent Union men, Democrats and Republicans, traversed the entire 
county, speaking at every schoolhouse, and making every effort to fill the coun- 
ty quota by means of voluntary enlistments. When it became known, in 1862, 
that, unless the quota was filled, a draft would be resorted to in October, hercu- 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 99 

lean efforts were everywhere made to encourage volunteering. Many men who 
enlisted under these earnest calls were assigned to old regiments as recruits, 
they having their choice of regiments. In July, 1862, the County Commis- 
sioners ordered that $20 be paid each man who would enlist in Company " D," 
then being raised by W. N. Rogers for the Seventy-fourth Regiment. This 
was the first bounty paid by the county. In August of this year, the Commis- 
sioners ordered that $30 be paid each man who would volunteer in the compa- 
ny then being raised by Capt. Voris and Col. Tousley, the money to be 
paid from the county treasury upon receipt of the certificate of the Captain of 
the company that such man, or men, had been mustered into the service. At 
the same time, it was also ordered that $20 be paid each man who was subject 
to draft, who would volunteer in any company in the county. At this time the 
Commissioners began paying from the county treasury large sums of money for 
the relief of soldiers' families. In September, 1862, they ordered $20 to be 
paid each man who would enlist in^the companies of Capt. McMann or Capt. 
Braden. A large amount of money was paid by the county during the 
latter half of 1862 to the boys who went into the Seventy-fourth, the Eighty- 
eighth and the One Hundredth Regiments. By the 5th of June, 1863, there 
had been .paid out in county bounty $7,360.95. The first draft occurred on 
the 6th of October, 1862, the following being the ofiicers : Nelson Prentiss, 
Draft Commissioner ; J. R. Randall, Marshal ; T. P. Bicknell, Surgeon. The 
draft was ordered from the following facts, which were reported on the 20th of 
September, 1862 : 

Total militia 2,578 

Total volunteers 'J73 

Total exempts 468 

Total opposed to bearing arms 37 

Total volunteers in service 226 

Total subject to draft 2,073 

The following draft was ordered : 

Washington Township 10 

Sparta Township 10 

Green Township 6 

.Jefferson Township 8 

Wayne Township 21 

Allen Township 11 

Albion Township 4 

Total 70 

Between the 20th of September and the 6th of October, when the draft 
occurred, eighteen men volunteered, so that only fifty-two men were actually 
drafted. After this. Noble County filled her quotas until 1861. In May, 
1863, the following Enrolling Board for the Tenth District were appointed : 
Hiram Iddings, Provost Marshal ; William S. Smith, Commissioner; Stephen 
Morris, Surgeon. Every effort was made to avoid the draft. Township boun- 



100 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 



ties were oflfered, and, as a last resort, substitutes were hired. But again the 
draft came on the 6th of September, 1864, as shown by the following table. 

These are the quotas and credits of Noble County, under calls of February 
1, March 14 and July 18, 1864 : 



NOBLE COUNTY 
TOWNSHIPS. 



Wayne Township 

Orange Township 

Elkhart Township 

Perry Township 

Sparta Township 

York Township 

.\lbion Township 

Jeffereon Township 

Allen Township 

Swan Township 

Green Township 

Noble Township 

Washington Township... 



62 

34 

2.5 

59 

2' 

19 

12 

31 

41 

•21 

20 

21 

14 



sa 



25 
14 
10 
24 
11 
8 
5 

12 
16 

n 

hi 



74 
38 
31 
67 
29 
22 
14 
34 
48 
29 
20 
20 
16 



448 
227 
181: 
403 
173 
132 

84 
204 
290 
173 
121 
119 

97 



Credits by 
voluntary 

enlistments. 



161 
86 
66 

150 
6 

49 
31 
77 

105 
67 
48 
49 



Totals 392 158 442 2657 992 748 64 30 872 121 1 714 175 25 



160 
71 
36 
85 
46 
33 
26 
51 
97 
41 
35 
43 
25 



26 
5 
4 
5 

9 
3 



21 



186 
76 
40 
92 
85 
36 
31 
72 
98 
42 
41 
48 
25 



30 

12 

3 

13 

1 

1 

2 

26 

17 

5 



150 
64 
37 
78 
54 
35 
29 
46 
81 
37 
3S 
45 
25 



10 
26 
58 
12 
13 

5 
7 

25 
7 
1 

11 



25 



This is undoubtedly an imperfect report, as the draft shown by the above 
table is very far from being correct. Charge the imperfection to the Adjutant 
General and not to the historian. The headquarters of the enrolling board of 
the Tenth District was at Kendallville. Here was Camp Mitchell, where many 
or less troops were encamped from the spring of 1863 until the close of the 
war. Kendallville was a military place at that time. The Twelfth Cavalry 
was organized there, as above stated. The following is clipped from the Jour- 
nal of May, 1864 : 

TWELFTH UAVALKY QONK. 

The Twelfth Indiana Cavalry, so long stationed at this place, moved from here on Tuesday 
last, and a kind of grateful quiet prevails. .lust as the regiment was moving from camp, the 
barracks, formerly occupied by Capt. Baker's company, as also their stables standing some dis- 
tance from the barracks, were fired. The fire communicated to other barracks until some six 
in all were consumed Mr. George Moon, we understand, lost 300 bushels of corn. The loss 
of the barracks w;is probably about $2,000. Most of the regiment felt very much chagrined at 
such an act. 

The old schoolhouse at Kendallville was turned into a hospital for the sick 
soldiers, while the teachers and scholars were obliged to seek other quarters. 
The small-po.x broke out among the troops, several of whom died of it, as did 
also several citizens. When the schoolhouse was burned, it was thought that 
some of the citizens did it to prevent its being again used for school purposes » 
in which case the children might catch the small-pox. The draft above men- 
tioned, which occurred on the 6th of September, 1864, went off smoothly, as 
is shown by the following from the Journal of September 20 : 




Mrs. Joel Vanderford 

YORK TP. 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 103 

THE DRAFT. 

The draft here is passing otf very quietly and satisfactorily. The urbanity and patient, 
fair and open deportment of the drafting board is giving satisfaction and confidence through- 
out the entire district. The bitterest of political partisans openly and unqualifiedly ad- 
mit the fairness of the whole transaction. There are a great many curious freaks occur in the 
way the lots fall sometimes. From Perry Township, in this county, there was a largo delegation 
present at the time of drawing, most all of whom were drafted. The next township drawn was 
Benton, Elkhart County, and hardly any of the delegates from there were drawn. In most 
lownships persons liable to draft have entered into companies to assist each other or buy substi- 
tutes if drafted. In this way the burden falls much lighter, and in view of the duty to their 
country, the patriotic able-bodied conscript will clieerfuUy go or send a substitute to the w.ar. 
Wiih more men and with vigorous blows upon rebellion, now so sadly tottering, a just, abiding 
and lasting peace will soon spread its balmy wings over the land. But give the rebels an armis- 
tice in which to gather up their strength again, and vote in the McClellan policy of dallying, 
hesitating, digging and wasting time in '• reviews" and scares at " quaker guns," and you have 
wars and McClellan's favorite drafts interminably, without limit, and almost without end. Kill 
the rebellion now, and not let it up to fight you again in a long uncertain future. 

The drafts of October, 1862, and September, 1864, were the only ones 
enforced in Noble County. A draft was ordered to fill the quota required from 
the county under the call of December 19, 1864, but was delayed and not 
carried into effect. The close of the war rendered it unnecessary. The fol- 
lowing order was made by the Commissioners in December, 1863: 

Ordered bij the Board of Commissioners, That the County Auditor is hereby authorized and 
required to draw an order on the County Treasurer for the sum of $50, payable to each person, 
being a resident of Noble County, who shall volunteer and be mustered into the service of the 
United States as a soldier, under the proclamation of the President of the United States, issued 
the 17th day of October, 18t>^. Such allowance to be made to each and every person who shall 
volunteer until the whole number of 188 men required of this county shall be raised. And 
before the said Auditor shall make out any such order, he shall require a properly certified 
muster-roll of the company in which the applicant has enlisted to be filed in his office; and 
also, that the said Auditor be authorized and required to issue orders on the County Treasurer, 
payable to the wife of each soldier who h.as volunteered and is in service under any call, or 
shall hereafter volunteer under said call, for the sum of $8 per month and %\ in addition thereto 
for each child under the age of twelve years. The order to said wife shall be issued upon the 
certificate of the Township Trustee where she may reside, showing that she is a resident of this 
county and was at the time of the enlistment of her husband, also, the number, name and age 
of her children, which allowance to said wife and children shall commence on the 1st day of 
December, 1863, and be paid on the 1st of each month thereafter. The above order shall not 
.apply to any commissioned officer, his wife or children. 

This order was attended with most excellent results, as the quota (188 
men) of the county under the call of October, 1863, was filled without resort- 
ing to a draft. Under the call of December 19, 1864, the enlistment of men 
from the county became so slack that the Commissioners ordered a bounty of 
$400 paid to men that would enlist. How much was paid out at this figure is 
not known. The table on the following page gives some interesting infor- 
mation regarding the response made by the county to the call of December J,9, 
1864: 



104 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 



NOBLE COUNTY TOWNSHIPS. 



Wayne Township I 360 

Orange Township I 125 

Elkhart Township 97 

Perry Township 188 

Sparta Township ; 120 

York Township I 81 

Albion Township 52 

Jefferson Township Ill 

Allen Township 202 

Swan Township 99 

Green Township 68 

Xoble Township 72 

Washington Township 66 



Totals 1641 247 247 146 291 1 



go 



19 
17 
26 
58 
16 
15 

2 
21 
17 
28 
12 

3 
13 



19 

14 

12 

14 

11 

9 

2 

15 

29 

4 

11 

1 

5 



19 
14 
38 
64 
24 
22 

2 
21 
29 
27 
13 

1 
17 



The following proceedings at the Republican County Convention of 1864 
will be read with interest. The Committee on Resolutions reported to the Con- 
vention, through Col. Williams, accompanied by some very appropriate re- 
marks, the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted: 

Resolved, That we are heartily in fixvor of a vigorous prosecution of the war for the sup- 
pression of the slaveholders' rebellion. 

Resolved, That we are in favor of supporting the Administration in the use of all the 
means it can lay its hands upon for the suppression of the same. 

Resolved, That our most hearty sympathy is extended to the officers and soldiers of our 
gallant armies in the field, for their glorious achievements, self-s.icrifice and determination to 
support the Government in the suppression of the rebellion. 

Resolved, That the false Cop]ierhead cry of " peace" is rebuked by those words of inspira- 
tion which declare that the wisdom coming from above is first pure and then peaceable. 

Resolved, That we present candidates worthy the support of every Union man in the 
county. 

Resolved, That we are determined to go to work and elect our candidates. 

During the absence of the committees, the Ligonier Glee Club was invited to favor the 
meeting with music, and executed several very appropriate patriotic songs in their usual excel- 
lent manner. Col. Tousley was called to the stand and briefly addressed the Convention, in his 
usual earnest and patriotic manner. He was repeatedly cheered, and evidently possessed the 
confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens to an enviable degree. He read a letter which 
the officers of the Twenty-first Indiana Artillery presented to Capt. Eden H. Fisher, upon the 
event of his taking leave of the regiment, which showed the high regard in which Capt. Fisher 
was held by his comrades in arms, both as a soldier and a man. During the reading of tha^ 
letter, which so vividly set forth the misfortune of their companion whom they so highly 
esteemed, many an eye in that vast multitude glistened with "the tear that would obtrusively 
start," and spoke plainly that the audience, like his friends in the tented field, believed him to 
be "worthy of a better fate." And when it came. to "Dear Fisher, God bless you," it met with a 
hearty response from that vast multitude Hon. Willi.am S. Smith being called upon for a 
speech, came forward and requested the "Red. White and Blue" to be sung, which was executed 
in a most admirable manner by Miss Ogden ; after which he responded in a manner sucli only 
as "Pop-gun" is capable of doing. He was followed by Col. Williams, who entertained the 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. . 105 

audience for a short time, in an eloquent and patriotic speech. On motion, a vote of thanks was 
tendered the gentlemen and ladies for their excellent music during the Convention. On motion, 
a committee of five was appointed to act as a County Central Committee for the coming year, as 
follows: J. R. Randall, X. Prentiss, George L. Gale, C. 0. Myers and .Tames C. Stewart. 

Rousing meetings were held in the county on the 4ih of July, 1863, upon 
the receipt of the news that Vicksburg had surrendered. Three companies of 
Home Guards were in attendance at Kendallville — a company from Swan 
Township, the Rome City Zouaves, and a Kendallville company. A glee club 
sang many patriotic airs. Guns, pistols, fire-crackers, etc., etc., filled the atmos- 
phere with smoke and noise and enthusiasm. Speeches were made by Messrs. 
Tousley, Axeline, Mitchell, Cissel, Smith, Stoney and Bartlett. Fire-works and 
bonfires were enjoyed at night. At Albion a large celebration was held, where 
much of the above was gone through with. Messrs. Alvord, Prentiss and others 
spoke to the crowd. It was fashionable those days to bring forward some 
wounded or furloughed soldier, place him on the stand, and cheer him to the 
echo. This was a bait used often to secure the enlistment of men. Beautiful 
ladies passed around the enlistment roll, and many a poor fellow whose bones 
lie buried in an unknown grave in " Dixie " owes his death to his inability to 
say "No" to the entreaty of handsome women. A large celebration was also 
held at Ligonier. A troop of thirty young ladies on horseback passed along the 
streets, and led the vast crowd to a neighboring grove, wh ere Hon. J. T. Frazer 
and others fired the patriotism of the citizens with eloquence. Wearers of but- 
ternut breastpins had threatened to appear with them at the celebration ; but 
when a half dozen stalwart fellows circulated the report that any person seen 
wearing such pin would be pounded into a jelly, the pins were carefully con- 
cealed. 

On the 3d of September, 1864, the Democrats held a large meeting 
at Albion, J. K. Edgerton and Andrew Douglas, of Columbia City, being the 
principal speakers. Both speakers denounced the Administration and the war. 
The latter said he had been opposed to the war from the first; had never 
encouraged one man to enlist ; would not have voted a man nor a dollar for the 
wicked war of the Abolitionists ; the North could never subdue the brave men 
of the South, who were fighting for their rights ; declared that Lincoln was a 
traitor ; that he had horns, hoofs, and the snout of a ssvine, etc., etc. ; swore 
that the war was to make " niggers " equal to white men ; that it was to force 
white men to marry " nigger gals," and white girls to marry " buck niggers: " 
that the Union troops could not take Richmond ; that they could not even take 
Atlanta. At that moment, tremendous cheering was heard on the outskirts of 
the crowd, which grew louder and louder until it burst into one grand, pro- 
longed " hurrah " from hundreds of loyal lips. The news had just been 
received that Atlanta had been taken. Such a scene as followed, Albion never 
saw before or since. Loyal minds and hearts in re-action were reeling with 
delirious joy. So intense became the excitement, and so great the commotion, 
that the Democratic speaking was entirely broken up. That night Albion gave 



106 HISTORV OF NOBLE COUNTV. 

herself up to every species of wild and joyous demonstration. The Glee Club 
sang itself hoarse. Cheer upon cheer, "tiger" upon "tiger," rent the drowsy 
air of night. Thrilling speeches were delivered by Col. Williams, Col. Tousley. 
Nelson Prentiss, Fielding Prickett, and others, and the meeting was continued 
far into the night. 

The following proceedings occurred at Kendallville when the news was 
received that Gen. Lee had surrendered : 

On Tuesday evening an impromptu bursting forth and celebration broke out in this place, 
which eclipsed everything that ever took place here before. Somebody began to put candles and 
lamps up before windows, and others proceeded to follow suit, until a large number of buildings 
were lighted up. Tne "baby-waker" was brought out, and its exploding notes rang out over 
hill and valley. People began to gather in the windows, sidewalks and streets, until living, 
smiling quantities of humanity, little and big, hooped and unhooped, were to be seen almost 
everywhere. Rockets were sent up. and fire-works of different descriptions played a conspicu- 
ous part. Everybody seemed to feel that they had a right to celebrate in their own way, "subject 
only to the Constitution." The brass band discoursed soul-stirring music, and the Kimwhan- 
ticle Instant Born Company paraded the streets, dressed in a variety of paraphernalia, and 
armed with spears, clubs, boards, gongs, tin-pans, oyster-cans, horns, etc., etc., with unprece- 
dented effect. "Ciipt." Brace, with the shorn hat and immense countenance, performed the 
part of a brave and successful officer with brilliant effect. " Gen." Frank Hogan was all along 
the line, sometimes on the double-quick, and sometimes in other positions, and sometimes 
almost everywhere at once, giving orders and charging on Richmond and Lee's flying army gen- 
erally. We cannot spe-ak too highly right here, but must subside by saying that this officer 
covered himself all over with impenetrable glory, and is the Gen. Grant of these parts of king- 
dom come. Jeff. Davis appeared in the drama, suspended on a tall pole, with his name upon 
him, and was carried through the streets, .attracting profound attention. He finally "went up" 
in a chariot of fire Somebody attempted to speak to the crowd, but there was an inspiration 
infinitely over and above words, and it boiled over them and drowned them out. What was talk 
compared with the surrender of Richmond and the smashing up of Lee's army, and the finally 
hopeful close of the rebellion ? Such impromptu gatherings are the best in the world if the 
spirit gets rightly infused and lighted up. 

Immediately following this came the sad news that Abraham Lincoln had 
been assassinated. Kendallville lamented as follows : 



The business houses were all closed in Kendallville on Wednesday last, and the 
insignia of mourning was to be seen all around. The bell was tolled and the cannon was 
fired at different intervals. At noon, the Presbyterian Church was packed to its utmost 
capacity. The center aisle was seated and filled by the military. The pulpit, orchestra, 
lamps, and other portions of the church, were draped in mourning. Even the elements, 
as Rev. Mr. Harrison remarked, in the heavy black clouds, the slow rumbling of thunder, 
and the apparent tear-drops fall of rain, seemed to be in unison and sympathy with the 
solemn exercisas everywhere participated in and conducted by the people of the United 
Slates. Nature seemed to join in the great national mouruing. Short addresses were 
made by Revs. Cressy, Meek and Harrison, Rev. Mr. Forbes assisting in the other neces- 
sary exercises of the occasion. The united choirs discoursed appropriate music. Services 
were iifeo held in the German Lutheran and German Methodist Churches, and we learu 
also at the Christian Chapel. 



am 



Ligonier, Albion, AviUa, Rome City, Wolf Lake, and other villages held 
appropriate memorial services in sorrow and honor for the illustrious dead. 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 107 

Many of the citizens paid eloquent tributes to the noble life and character of 
the " Savior of his Country." 

A thorough system of Soldiers' and Ladies' Aid Societies was established 
in Noble County during the war. Numerous committees were appointed to 
solicit anything that was likely to be needed by the boys in the field. Large 
quantities of blankets, shirts, drawers, socks, mittens, lints, bandages, canned 
fruits of all kinds, etc., etc., without end, were boxed up and sent to the boys 
of Noble County at the regimental hospitals or in the field. After the bloody 
battle of Stone River, where the troops from Noble County suffered severely, a 
car load of supplies was sent from Ligonier to the poor boys. Some four or 
five physicians of the county volunteered to go down and assist in taking care of 
the wounded and sick. Three of the doctors were Palmiter, Sheldon and 
Denny. People went around with pale, wo-begone faces, when it became 
known that a great battle had been fought, and perhaps lost, and that many 
brave fellows, relatives or neighbors, perhaps, had met with a tragical death. 
Unfortunately, but little authentic can be given regarding the work done by 
the societies. James S. Lockhart, of Ligonier, was very active in the work. 
A short time before the 4th of July, 1863, the citizens of Kendallvilie sent 
over .^500 to the boys from that place, who were in the intrenchments about 
Vicksburg. It is safe to say that tliousands of dollars in money and property 
were sent into the field for the boys. Indiana would have fared poorly during 
the war, with its disloyal Legislature and Supreme Court, had it not been for 
that grand man, Oliver P. Morton. He successfully confronted every opposer, 
and placed the State troops in the field with admirable dispatch. He pledged 
the credit of the State, and borrowed any quantity of money to pay soldiers' 
bounties and provide arms. 

It seems necessary to give an outline of the service of those regiments 
which contained a considerable number of- men from Noble County. These 
regiments were the Thirtieth, Forty-fourth, Seventy-fourth, Eighty-eighth, One 
Hundredth, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth, 
One Hundred and Forty-second, One Hundred and Fifty-second, Seventh Cav- 
alry and Twelfth Cavalry. The Thirtieth was at first commanded by Col. 
Sion S. Bass. It first moved to Indianapolis, thence to Camp Nevin, Ky., 
thence to Munfordsville and Bowling Green, and in March, 1862, to Nashville. 
It participated in the battle of Shiloh on the 7th of April, losing its Colonel, 
who was succeeded by Col. J. B. Do.dge. Here the regiment lost in killed, 
wounded and missing about 130 men. It participated in the siege of Corinth, 
and moved with Buell's army through Northern Alabama, Tennessee and Ken- 
tucky, and also pursued Bragg. It took part in the three days' battle at Stone 
River, losing heavily ; and also at Chattanooga and Chickamauga, suffering se- 
verely at the latter place. It was in the campaign against Atlanta, fighting in 
all the battles. At Atlanta, it was consolidated into a residuary battalion of 
seven companies, under the command of Col. H. W. Lawton. It fought against 



108 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Hood at Nashville, and pursued him to Huntsville, thence moved into East 
Tennessee. In June, 1865, it was transferred to Texas. It was mustered out 
of service late in 1865. ■ 

The Forty-fourth, with H. B. Reed as Colonel, moved to Indianapolis in 
December, 1861, thence to Henderson, Ky., thence to Camp Calhoun, thence 
to Fort Henry, thence to Fort Donelson, in which battle it suffered severely. 
It moved to Pittsburg Landing, and fought both days at Shiloh, losing thirty- 
three killed and 177 wounded. It fought often at tlie siege of Corinth, and 
pursued the enemy to Booneville. It moved with Buell, and followed Bragg, 
fighting at Perryville. It skirmished at Russell's Hill, moved to Stone River, 
where it fought three days, losing eight killed, fifty-two wounded and twenty- 
five missing. It moved to Chattanooga, fought at Chickamauga, fought at Mis- 
sion Ridge, losing in these engagements three killed, fifty-nine wounded and 
twenty missing. It did provost duty at Chattanooga, and was finally mustered 
out September, 1865. During the war, it lost 350 killed and wounded, and fifty- 
eight by disease. William C. Williams, Simeon C. Aldrich and James F. Cur- 
tis were its Colonels at times. 

The Seventy-fourth, in August, 1862, moved to Louisville, Ky., thence to 
Bowling Green. It pursued Bragg, and reached Gallatin on the 10th of No- 
vember. Companies C and K joined the regiment in December. Before this, 
these companies skirmished at Munfordsville, and with Bragg's advance on the 
14th. Were captured, paroled and then joined the regiment. The regiment 
pursued Morgan, moved to Gallatin, Nashville, Lavergne, Triune, moved 
against Tullahoma, and skirmished at Hoover's Gap. It joined the campaign 
against Chattanooga, skirmished at Dug Gap, Ga. It was one of the first en- 
gaged at Chickamauga, and was the last to leave the field. It lost 20 killed, 
129 wounded and 11 missing. It skirmished continuously at the siege of 
Chattanooga, and in the charge on Mission Ridge lost two killed and sixteen 
wounded. It pursued the enemy to Ringgold, Ga., participated in the recon- 
noissance on Buzzard's Roost, marched with Sherman on the Atlanta campaign, 
skirmishing and fighting at Dallas, Kenesaw and Lost Mountain, Peach Tree 
Creek, and many other places about Atlanta. It lost in this campaign forty- 
six men. It charged the enemy's works at Jonesboro, Ga., and lost thirteen 
killed and forty wounded. Many of the latter died. It pursued Hood, and 
skirmished at Rocky Creek Church. It moved to North Carolina, and finally 
home via Washington, D. C. 

The Eighty-eighth took the field in August, 1862. It defended Louis- 
ville against Kirby Smith, pursued Bragg, fought at Perryville and Stone 
River, doing splendid work at the latter battle, losing eight killed and forty- 
eight wounded. It fought or skirmished at Hoover's Gap, Tullahoma, Hills- 
boro. Elk River and Dug Gap, Ga. It fought desperately at Chickamauga, 
fought "among the clouds" on Lookout Mountain, charged at Mission Ridge, 
skirmished at Graysville and Ringgold. In the Atlanta campaign it was en- 



I 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 109 

gatred at Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree 
Creek, and Atlanta and Utay Creek. It pursued Hood, marched with Sher- 
man to the sea, campaigned through the Carolinas, fought at Bentonville, and 
moved home via Richmond and Washington, D. C. 

The One Hundredth, in November, 1862, took the field at Memphis, Tenn.; 
moved on the unsuccessful Vicksburg campaign ; did garrison duty at Mem- 
phis and vicinity ; participated in the siege of Vicksburg, and then in the five 
days' siege of Jackson. It moved to Vicksburg, thence to Memphis, thence to 
Stevenson and Bridgeport, thence to Trenton, Ga. It fought at Lookout 
Mountain, and then moved to Chattanooga. It fought at Mission Ridge, los- 
ing in killed and wounded 132 men. It pursued Bragg's army ; relieved 
Burnside at Knoxville ; moved on the Atlanta campaign, fighting at Dalton, 
Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw 
Mountain, Nickajack Creek, Chattahoochie River, Decatur, Atlanta, Cedar 
Bluffs, Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station, fighting almost continuously for 100 
days. It pursued Hood, joined the famous march to the sea, fought at Gris- 
woldviile, Ga., and Bentonville, N. C, then moved home via Richmond and 
Washington, D. C. The regiment fought in twenty-five battles. 

The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth moved to Nashville, Tenn., April, 
1864, thence to Charleston, Tenn. It fought at Dalton, Resaca, skirmished for 
nearly two weeks through the woods and defiles near there, fought gallantly and 
lost heavily at Decatur, engaged the enemy at Strawberry Run, losing twenty- 
five killed and wounded. It pursued Ilood, moved to the assistance of Gen. 
Thomas, skirmished heavily at Columbia, and fought desperately at Franklin, 
one of the bloodiest battles of the war ; fought in the two days' battle against 
Gen. Hood, and joined in the pursuit. It then moved via Cincinnati and 
Washington, D. C, to Morehead City, thence to Newbern, and finally to 
\Vise'8 Forks, where it had a severe engagement with the enemy. It moved to 
Goldsboro, Morley Hall, Raleigh and Charlotte, where it was mustered out of 
service in August, 1865. 

The One Hundred and Thirty-ninth entered the service at Indianapolis, 
June, 1864. It moved to Nashville, Tenn., and was assigned garrison and pro- 
vost duty in the towns and along the railroads, and, in general, was required to 
, guard Sherman's base of supplies. At the expiration of 100 days the regi- 
ment left the service. 

The One Hundred and Forty-second entered the service in November, 
1864. It moved to Nashville, where it \*as assigned garrison duty. At the 
battle of Nashville, the regiment was in the reserve. After this, and until it 
was mustered out, it remained at Nashville. 

The One Hundred and Fifty-second entered the service in March, 1865, 
moving to Harper's Ferry, in the vicinity of which place it was assigned garri- 
son duty. It was stationed for short periods at Charlestown, Stevenson Station, 
Summit Point and Clarksburg, where it was mustered out in August, 1865. 



110 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

The Seventh Cavalry took the field in December, 1863. It moved to 
Louisville, thence to Union City, Tenn. It skirmished at Paris, Egypt Sta- 
tion and near Okalona, fighting severely all day at the latter place. In one 
charge it left sixty of its men on the field. During the entire fight it lost 
eleven killed, thirty-six wounded and thirty-seven missing. It moved to Mem- 
phis, and finally to the support of Sherman's base of supplies. At Guntown, 
Miss., a desperate battle ensued, the regiment being driven back with a loss of 
eight killed, fifteen wounded and seventeen missing. Here it was highly com- 
plimented by Gen. Grierson, notwithstanding the defeat. It fought at La 
Mavoo, Miss., and near Memphis, where seven members of Company F were 
killed by guerrillas. After this it joined in the pursuit of Gen. Price ; moved 
with Gen. Grierson on his famous raid, fighting and destroying rebel property. 
It moved down into Louisiana and Texas, and finally, late in 1865, was mus- 
tered out. 

The Twelfth Cavalry was organized at Kendallville during the winter and 
spring of 1864, Edward Anderson, Colonel. It first moved to Nashville, 
thence to Huntsville, Ala. Here and vicinity it remained, chastising guerrillas 
and bushwhackers. A portion was not mounted ; the others were and were 
commanded by Lieut. Col. Alfred Reed. Many men were lost in the numer- 
ous engagements. After this the regiment moved to Brownsboro, thence to 
Tullahoma, where they watched Gen. Forrest. Here it had several skirmishes. 
Companies C, D and H participated in the defense of Huntsville. The regi- 
ment fought at Wilkinson's Pike, Overall's Creek and before Murfreesboro, 
spent the winter of 1864-65 at Nashville, embarked for Vicksburg, partici- 
pated in the movements on Mobile, Ala., and joined in the raid of Gen. Grier- 
son. It occupied Columbus, Miss., Grenada, Austin and other points, guard- 
ing Federal stores and positions. It was mustered out of service at Vicksburg 
in November, 1865. 

The following imperfect "Roll of Honor" of men from Noble County 
who were killed, died of wounds or disease, or otherwise, while in the service 
of their country during the war of the rebellion, is taken from the Adjutant 
General's reports, from newspapers, and from various other sources, and doubt- 
less contains numerous errors. 

Commissioned Officers — Smith Birge, Captain, died in 1865 ; E. A. 
Tonson, Captain, accidentally killed in 1865; Thomas Badley, First Lieuten- 
ant, killed at Chickamauga, September 19, 1863 ; George W. Seelye, First Lieu- 
tenant, killed at Bentonville, N. C , March 19, 1865 ; J. D. Kerr, Second 
Lieutenant, died at Evansville, Ind., March 25, 1862 ; Simon Bowman, Second 
Lieutenant, died August 19, 1864 ; H. Reed, Lieutenant, killed ; James Collier, 
Lieutenant, died ; J. T. Zimmerman, Lieutenant, died in 1865. 

Non-Commissioned Officers — J. W. Geesman, Sergeant, died at Nashville, 
Tenn., August 19, 1863; A. J. Linn, Sergeant, died of wounds at Nashville, 
Tenn., February 5, 1863 ; Addison Harley, Sergeant, died at Louisville, Ky., 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. Ill 

August 5, 1864; J. W. Clark, Sergeant, died of wounds at Marietta, Ga., Sep- 
tember 19, 1864; John W. Hathaway, Corporal, killed at Stone River, Decem- 
ber 31, 1862 ; Rush W. Powers, Corporal, died at Nashville, Tenn., August 17, 
1863; Emanuel Diffendafer, Corporal, died at Bowling Green, Ky., December 
29, 1862 ; Samuel Hamilton, Corporal, died at Annapolis, Md., February 20, 
1865; Henry Hinkley, Corporal, died at Lisbon, Ind., November 19, 1864; 
Charles Wilde, Corporal, died at Memphis, Tenn., in 1862 ; Henry H. Franklin, 
Corporal, died at Chattanooga, Tenn., November 7, 1864; John D. Stansbury, 
musician, died at Louisville, Ky., January 23, 1862; L. D. Thompson, 
wagoner, died at Bowling Green, Ky., December 7, 1862. 

Privates — William Archer, killed at Stone River, December, 1862 ; Levi 
Atwell, died at Upton, Ky., December, 1861 ; William C. Allen, died at Nash- 
ville, September, 1862 ; Otis D. Allen, died at Louisville, February, 1862 ; 
William Anderson, died at Camp Nevin, Ky., November, 1861 ; William 
Adkins, died near Nashville, Tenn. ; Daniel M. Axtell, died of wounds at 
Marietta, Ga., 1864; John W. Aker, died at Louisville, April, 1864; A. M. 
Albright, died in 1865 ; William Abbott, died at Chattanooga in 1864 ; An- 
drew Arnold, died at Chattanooga, 1864. 

William Barthock, died of wounds at Fort Fisher in 1865; J. E. Brad- 
ford, starved to death at Danville in 1864 ; H. J. Belden, died at Evansville, 
Ind., April, 1862; Solomon Bean, died at Nashville, November, 1862; Paul 
Bean, died at Glasgow, Ky., November, 1862; A. P. Baltzell, killed at Shiloh, 
April, 1862 ; James Bailey, killed at Perryville in 1863 ; Henry Brooks, died 
at Madison, Ind., 1862; Peter Betyer, died at Grand Junction, 1863; W. H. 
Bailey, died at St. Louis, 1862 ; T. A, Barber, died at Nashville, 1865 ; Noah 
Bowman, died at Chattanooga in 1865 ; L. H. Baldwin, killed at Stone River, 
1862 ; Josiah Benton, died at Kendallville, March, 1864 ; Henry Bloodcamp, 
died at Cumberland, Md., 1865 ; Joseph Bull, died in 1865 ; Anson Bloomer, 
died at Murfreesboro in 1864 ; C. Barnsworth, died at Chattoonaga in 1864 ; 
J. Bishop, died of wounds, Louisville, in 1863. 

T. P. Cullison, died at Chickamauga, September, 1863; Michael Clair, 
died at Upton, Ky., December, 1861 ; Daniel Chapman, died at Camp 
Nevin, Ky., November, 1861 ; Patrick Clark, died at Camp Nevin, 
November, 1861; George Cullors, died at Nashville, May, 1865 ; J. W. 
Cruchlow, died of wounds in 1865 ; Daniel Coopruler, died of wounds in 1865; 
G Caswell, died at Kendallville in 1862 ; C. Conkling, died at home in 1864 ; 
John T. Cannon, died at Chattanooga in 1864 ; James Cook, died at Paducah, 
Ky., March, 1862; Homer E. Clough, died at Gallatin, Tenn., December, 
1862; Theodore Coplin, died at Louisville in 1863; Lucius Covey, died of 
wounds in the hands of the enemy, October, 1863 ; John Chancey, died near 
Edisto River, February, 1863; William P. Cheesman, died in 1863; Joseph 
H. Clemmons, killed at luka, 1862 ; H. D. Collins, killed at Stone River in 
1862 ; W. A. Curry, drowned at Louisville in 1863 ; J. W. Curry, starved at 



112 HISTORY OF NOBLK CDUNTV. 

Andersonville in 1864: H. E. Cole, died at Camp Nevin, Ky., 1861 ; George 
Cluck, died at Collarsville in 1863 ; A. T. Curaming. died at Indianapolis in 
1862 ; W. H. Calkins, killed at Mission Ridge in 1863 ; John Clutter, died at 
Memphis, May, 1865 ; Joel Clark, died at Nashville in 1865 ; John Clark, 
killed at Stone River in 1862 ; Marion F. Cochran, died at Louisville, Decem- 
ber, 1864; A. M. Casebeer, died in 1865; W. H. Coates, died in 1865; 
Alonzo Chase, died at home. 

Isaac Dukes, died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April. 1863 ; John Dyer, died 
at Gallatin, November, 1862 : William J. Dyer, died of wounds, Chattanooga, 
October, 1863 ; James Dunbar, died November, 1863 ; Helim H. Dunn, died 
of wounds, December, 1863; Silas Dvsert. died at Bridgeport, Ala., February, 
1862 ; J. B. Dillingham, died at Collarsville, 1863 ; J. H. Drake, died at 
Athens, 1865 ; John Dingman, died at Nashville, March, 1865 ; Daniel Done- 
hue, died, 1805; William Denny, killed, 1864 ; J. A. Denny, died at Nashville, 
1864. 

Abner Eddy, died at Camp Nevin. November, 1861 ; Nelson Eagles, 
starved to death. Danville, 18G4 ; John Erricson, died at Jefferson ville, Ind., 
July, 1865; Henry Eley. died of wounds. May, 1862; John Engle, died at 
Camp Sherman, 1865 ; Abner Elder, died at Madison, Ind., 1862 ; Peter 
Eggleston, died at Nashville, January, 1865 ; Henry Eddy, died at Cumber- 
land, Md.. April, 1865 ; Eben Eddy, died at Indianapolis, March, 1865; A. 
T. Ellsworth, died, 1865. 

Orton B. Fuller, killed at Resaca. May, 1864 ; Albert W. Fisher, died 
at Cairo, August, 1864 ; Erastus Fisk, died at Upton, Ky., December, 1861 ; 
Mackson Fisk, died at Camp Nevin, November, 1861; George Fisk, died at 
Louisville, January, 1862 ; Andrew J. Follen, died at Gallatin, November, 
1863 ; Charles Folk, died at Nashville, 1864 ; Cepheus Fordam, died at Nash- 
ville, 1865; Frederick Felton, died at David's Island, April, 1865; William 
Fitzgerald, missing, wounded at Shiloh, April, 1862. 

Daniel Groves, died at Memphis, December, 1862 ; Samuel Gardner, 
starved to death, Danville, 1863 ; I. J. Garver, starved to death, Anderson- 
ville, 1864; William H. Green, died at Louisville, Ky., June, 1865; A. A. 
Gallonge, killed at Shiloh, 1862; Owen Garvey, killed at Chickamauga, Sep- 
tember, 1863 ; Matthias Green, died at Murfreesboro, February, 1863 ; B. L. 
Gage, died, 1865; Michael Gunnet, died, 1864 ; Simon Gilbert, died in Michi- 
gan, 1864 ; Wallace Gorton, died at home ; Cyrus Gyer, starved at Anderson- 
ville, 1864. 

Daniel Hodges, died at Baton Rouge, October, 1864 ; George Hubbard, 
killed at City Point, 1865 ; Joseph Hart, killed at Shiloh, April, 1862 ; Henry 
Hetick, died of wounds, Chattanooga, October, 1863 ; Joseph C. Hill, died at 
Nashville, April, l'^65 ; T. C. Hollister, killed at Murfreesboro, 1862 ; James 
Hudson, killed at Murfreesboro, 1862 ; Henry Hart, died at Indianapolis, 
1863 ; John Haller, killed at Stone River, December, 1863 ; C. Hinton, died 






HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 113 

at Henderson, Ky., 1862; William H. Hays, died at Ackworth, Ga, June 
1864; W. Herrick, starved at Andersonville, 1864; M. Harker, died of 
wounds, 1864 ; Orange Homer, died at Gallatin, 1862 ; Emanuel Hoover, died 
at La Grange, 1862; Jacob K. Hartzler, died at Chattanooga, September, 
1863 ; Stockton D. Haney, died at New Albany, Ind., November, 1862 ; John 
Hoffman, died at Hickory Valley, 1863; Jesse Hull, killed at Dallas, Ga., 
1863 ; Alvin 0. Hostetter, died at Memphis, September, 1865 ; Robert Ham- 
ilton, died near Vienna, Fla., July, 1864; E. L. Humphreys, died in Noble 
County, 1865; Edwin B. Hanger, died at home, April, 1865; Eliphalet S. 
Holy, died at Indianapolis, March, 1865; R. Householder, died; Addison 
Harley, died at Nashville, 1864 ; Elisha Harding, died at Kendallville, 1864 ; 
C. Hackett, died at Nashville, 1864; John D. Harber, died at Nashville, 1864 : 
W. Hardenbrook, died at Pulaski, 1865. 

Henry Jerred, killed at Murfreesboro, 1862 : J. Y. Johnson, died at 
Corinth, July, 1862 ; Hollis Johnson, Jr., died at Gallatin, November, 1862 ; 
J. D. Joslin, killed at Atlanta, 1864 ; Samuel Johnson, drowned near Beau- 
fort, S. C, January, 1865 ; Silas W. Johnson, died at Chattanooga, July, 
1864; Albert M. Johnson, died at Camp Piatt, W. Va., August, 1865. 

J. W. Kirkpatrick, died at Nashville, 1865; Samuel Konkright, died at 
Nashville, 1863 ; William H. Kelley, died of wounds at Chattanooga, March, 
1865 ; Daniel Knepper, died on hospital boat, August, 1865 ; Barney Knep- 
per, died at Indianapolis, June, 1862 ; L. C. Knapp, killed at Mission Ridge, 
1863 ; M. D. King, killed at Dallas, Ga., 1864 ; Elias Kessler, died at Indian- 
apolis, March, 1865 ; John W. Klein, died at Nashville, 1864. 

Ashbury Lobdell, died at Beaufort, S. C, February, 1865 ; Jacob Lan- 
ellen, died of wounds at Fort Fisher, 1865 ; Joseph Longly, killed at Shiloh, 
April, 1862 ; Ira Lease, died at Murfreesboro, August, 1863 ; Robert Long- 
year, died at Farraington, 1862; Jacob Long, died, 1862; Hiram Lindsey, 
died, 1864 ; John S. Lash, died at Memphis, March, 1864 ; John Louthan, 
died at Vicksburg, August, 1865 ; A. Lunger, starved at Andersonville, 1864. 

Lafayette Mullen, killed at Chickamauga, September, 1863 ; Andrew J. 
Myers, died at Victoria, Texas, November, 1865 ; Thomas J. Manhorter, died 
at St. Louis, February, 1865 ; James Monroe, killed at Stone River, 1862 ; 
F. B. Miller, starved to death at Andersonville, 1864; Simon Michaels, died, 
July, 1865; William Miner, died at Evansville, December, 1861; II. J. Mon- 
roe, died at Andersonville, August, 1864; J. B. Matthews, died at Murfrees- 
boro, January, 1863; L. H. Madison, died at Hamburg, Tenn., May, 1862; 
John Mankey, died at Athens, Ala., July, 1862 ; Jacob Mohn, killed at Shi- 
loh, April, 1862 ; Eli Miser, died at Chattanooga, 1864; Corry McMann, 
died at Louisville, Ky., December, 1862; William Martin, died at Louisville, 
January, 1863 ; Matthias Marker, killed at Perryville, October, 1862 ; J. Mc- 
Bride, died at Nashville, 1865 ; Albert Martenus, died, 1865 ; John H. Mitch- 
ell, starved at Andersonville, 1864; Charles A. Monroe, died, 1863; Wesley 



114 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Moore, died, April, 1864 ; Sylvanus Mercia, died at Huntsville, Ala., 1865 ; 
J. McQuiston, starved to death at Andersonville. 1864 ; Charles W. Mullen, 
died at Whitesburg, Ala., August, 1864; Henry McGinnis, died at Decatur, 
Ga., September, 1864; John A. Madison, killed at Atlanta, 1864; J. H. Mc- 
Nutt, died of wounds, 1865. 

G. G. Nelson, killed at Murfreesboro, 1863 ; J. W. Norton, died at 
Evansville, Ind., December, 1861 ; Charles Noteman, died at Columbus, 1865 ; 
Henry Nichols, died, 1865. 

George Oliver, died in hospital, 1864 ; Francis Owen, died at Tuscumbia, 
1863; Horace D. Odell, died at Gallatin, December, 1862; T. L. Ourstreet, 
died at Helena, Ark., 1862 ; Samuel W. Orr, died at Keokuk, Iowa, 1863. 

H. Plummer, died at Granville, 1865 ; John Poppy, killed at Shiloh, 
April, 1862 ; William Prentice, killed at Resaca, May, 1864 ; John S. Pan- 
cake, died at home, January, 1864 ; William H. Piatt, died at Murfreesboro, 
February, 1863; Rudolph Phisel, died at Nashville, 1865; Daniel Porke, died 
at Camp Sherman, 1863 ; A. Pennypacker, died at Murfreesboro, 1864; Earl 
Powers, died at Cumberland, Md., April, 1865; Lester Powers, died, 1865. 

Henry Ridenbaugh, killed at Mission Ridge, November, 1863 ; Abraham 
Reed, died of wounds at Fort Fisher, 1865 ; Charles Rossin, died, December, 
1864; William Richardson, died at home, April, 1862; Louis Routsong, died 
at Louisville, December, 1862 ; Isaac Rambo, died at Chattanooga. 1865 ; Da- 
vid Rink, died at Bowling Green, Ky., November, 1862 ; Oliver Reed, died at 
Jeft'ersonville, Ind., June, 1861; Robert Reed, killed at Atlanta, August, 
1864; L. H. Randall, killed at Chickaraauga, 1863; George W. Rogers, died 
at Tyree Springs, Tenn., November, 1862 ; David River, died at Nashville, 
1862 ; Milton Richards, died at Nashville, September, 1864 ; William Rosen- 
baugher, died at Indianapolis, March, 1865 ; A. Rinehart, died, 1865. 

Frank Seamans, died at Grand Junction, Tenn., February 1863; George 
R. Smith, died at Rome City in 1863 ; J. H. Sparrow, died of wounds at Fort 
Fisher, 1865; Edward B. Segnor, died at Baton Rouge, May, 1864; Daniel 
Shobe, Jr., died of wounds May, 1862 ; Clark Scarlett, died at Upton, Ky., 
December, 1861 ; Alfred Shields, died at Murfreesboro, December, 1863 ; P. 
J. Squires, killed at Shiloh in 1862 ; John Shidler, died at Gallatin, December, 
1862; Thomas Stokes, died March, 1863; Elijah Starks, killed at Chicka- 
mauga in 1863; Jacob Shobe, died at Murfreesboro, May, 1863; Amos W. 
Seymour, died at Bowling Green, November, 1862 ; David Soule, killed at 
Atlanta in 1864; E. 0. Sanborn, died at Chattanooga in 1863; Francis H. 
Shaver, starved at Andersonville in 1864 ; Alfred Sutton, died at Washington 
in 1864 ; J. Seebright, died on steamer Olive Branch in 1864 ; Jacob 
Slusser, died at Ackworth, Ga., June, 1864; Theron A. Smith, died, January, 
1865 ; John Seips, died in 1865 : Uriah Swager, died in 1865. 

Frank Teal, killed at Shiloh, April, 1862 ; William Totten, killed at 
Chickamauga, September, 1863 ; John Traul, died at Huntsville, Ala., January, 



1 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 



115 



1865; William R. Truly, starved to death at Andersonville in 1865; David 
Tressel, died at Lebanon Junction, Ky., December, 1862; William Tressel, 
died at Gallatin, December, 1862 ; Abraham Tasony, died of wounds, Madison, 
Ind., December, 1863 ; W. T. Taylor, drowned in Mill Creek in 1864 ; Franklin 
Thomas died at Nashville in 1863; Isaiah Tryon, killed at Kingston in 1864; 
Francis Trask, died at Jackson in 1865; Marcus B. Turney, died at Cumber- 
land, Md., April, 1865. 

William Untadt, died at Washington City, 1864. 

Moses Walters, died at Memphis, October, 1863 ; George E. Warden, 
died at Scottsboro, Ala., March, 1864 ; William H. Williams, died at Marietta, 
Ga., September, 1864 ; Adam Weeks, died at Rome, Ga., 1864 ; John M. 
Wells, starved to death at Andersonville, 1864 ; Andrew J. Webb, died at 
Camp Nevin, Ky., November, 1861 ; Ira Worden, starved to death at Ander- 
sonville, 1864; Lorenzo D. Wells, died of wounds, December, 1863; Ziba 
Winget, died at Nashville, March, 1863 ; John D. Warner, died in 1863 ; 
Edmund West, died in Andersonville Prison, 1864 ; Hiram Wabill, died at 
Grafton, West Virginia, June, 1865; Joseph E. Walburn, died at Nashville, 
February, 1863 ; Hiram Woodford, died in 1865 ; W. R. Wiltrout, died at 
Washington in 1864 ; George Weamer, died of wounds, April, 1862. 

William T. Yort, died at St. Louis, July, 1862 ; David C. Yoder, died in 
Andersonville Prison, August, 1864 ; John H. Yeakey, died at Nashville, 1862 ; 
L. D. Yorker, died at Camp Nevin, 1861 ; A. Young, died at Memphis, 1862. 

John Zeigler, died at Raleigh, N. C, 1865. 

Grand total, 301. 

Table showing the amounts expended for local counties, and for relief of 
soldiers' families by Noble County during the late war, taken from the Adjutant 
General's Reports : 



TOWNSHIPS. 



Noble County 

Washington Township., 

.Sjiarta Township 

Perry Townsliip 

Elkliart Townsliip 

York Township 

Nok)le Township , 

Green Township 

Jefferson Township 

Orange Township 

Wayne Townshijt 

Allen Township 

Swan Township 

Albion Township 



Totals . 



Grand Total. 



BOUNTY. 


BELIEF. 


$ 67,856 50 
2,176 00 
1,800 00 
4,500 00 
2,650 00 
2,675 00 
150 00 
1,500 00 
3,6.50 00 
7,150 00 
7,600 00 
7,165 00 
6,000 00 
1,000 00 


$ 39,426 26 




2,926 00 


200 00 




200 00 

825 75 

3,000 00 

1,500 00 


500 00 


$115,872 50 


$ 48,578 01 


$164,4.50 51 



CALLS FOR TROOPS DURISO THE REBELLION. 

1. April 15, 1861, 75-,0(K) men, for three months' service. 

2. May 3, 1861, 42,034 men, for three years' service. 



116 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 



3. August 4, ISlj'i, 300,000 men, for nine months' service. 

4. June 15, 1863, 100,000 men, for six months' service. 

5. October 17, 1863, 300,0(10 men. for tliree years' service. 

6. .Tuly 18, 1864, 500,000 men, for one, two and three years' service. 

7. December 19, 1864, 300,000 men, for one, two and three years' service. 

Table of interesting facts regarding regiments whicli served in the last war, 
and which contained men from Noble County : 



KKGIMENT. 



Term of 
Service. 



Niutli Infantry Three years.. 

Twelfth Infantry Three years. 

Thirteentli Infantry re-organized Three years. 

Twenty-first Infantry* 

Twenty-second Infantry Three years. 

Twenty-ninth Infantry Three years. 

Thirtieth Infantry Three years 

Thirtieth Infantry re-organized Three years., 

Tliiny-fifth Infantry Three years. 

Thirty-seventh Infantry Three years. 

Thirty-seventh Infantry re-organized... Three years. 

Thirty-eighth Infantry Three years. 

Forty-second Inf^utry Three years. 

Forty-fourth Infantry Three years. 

Furty-eighth Infantry - Three years. 

Fiftj-ninth Infantry Three yean). 

Seventy-fourth Infantry Three years. 

Eighty-eighth Infantry Three years. 

One Ilnndredth Iniantry Three years. 

One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Infantry Three years. 
One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Infantry 100 Days 
One Hundred and Forty-second Infantry One year. 
One Hundred and Fifty-second Infantry One year. 
One Hundred and Twenty-seventh In- 
fantry or Twelfth Cavalry 
One Hundred and Nineteenth Infantry 

or Seventh Cavalry 
One Hundred and Nineteenth Infantry 
or Seventh Cavalry re-organized. 

Twentieth Battery 

Twenty-third Battery 



1 = 

1° 



S = ' 



Three years. 

Three years. 

Three years. 
Three years. 
Three years.. 



980 
901 
9o9 

9«4; 

859 
961 
701 
799 
920 
162 
925 
951 
889 
943 
674 
9UI1 
904 
925 
901 
818 



1211 

1151 

643 
140 
130 



956 

884 

117 

31 

704 

99 

47 

720 

902 

987 

629 

BU 

208 

161 

75 

69 

2 

27 

13 

83 

95 






2i 



339 

184 

98 

313 

285 

360 

68 

241 

201 

10 

343 

248 

236 

210 

220 

263 

19B 

232 

171 

11 

64 

48 

166 

238 

16 
26 
19 



(SS 



a s = 

aw 8 

O - o 

-ho 



18 
13 

30 

62 

49 

70 

7 

51 

2 

329 

77 

ll'J 

lo: 

199 

168 

4 

g 

11 

4 



2656 
2081 
1338 
796 



Si 

o 



2123 2141 
1319!l332 
1116 1146 



2718 

2l:!0 

1408 

803 



18181869 
12981300 
218 547 
19511,2028 
2044 2163 
2ini'2203 
16791878 
199821.56 
11531157 



1123 
1043 
1013 
866 
993 
988 

1350 

1300 

673 
246 
206 



1131 

1054 
1017 
865 
1015 



1357 

1329 

675 
252 
20 6 



CHAPTER V. 



BY WESTON A. GOODSPEED. 



City of Kendallvillk— Its Appeaeanck Fokty-Five Years x\.go— Subse" 

QUENT IMPROVEMENT.S — MERCHANT.?, MECHANICS AND OTHER BlTSINE.SS MEN 

—The Original Plat— Incorporation— City Railroad Bond.s— Council 
Proceedings— Education and Religion— Secret Societies. 

PREVIOUS to the year 1832, no white man had made the present site of 
Kendallville his home, but everything was just as it had been plnced by 
the fashioning hand of the Creator. During the autumn of 1832, or perhaps 
the spring of 1833, a man named David Bundle, a tall, awkward specimen of 
the yenus homo, who, like the immortal Lincoln, usually displayed about a 
yard of uncovered leg (at the lower extremity), appeared in the primitive for- 

* Not given in -\djiitiint f^eneralN rejiorts. 



•:.SjS^%i^ 



i*®$ 



^ 



=*f 




7^^^^-cjj> 



HENDALLVILLE 



L 



CITV OF KKNDALLVILLE. 119 

ests of Kendallville, and erected a small round-log cabin, with the assistance 
(some say), of the Viewers appointed to establish the Fort Wayne and Lima 
road. The cabin was but little better than a wigwam, as it was very small, and 
the roof was made of bark, while the floor, which was lacking at first, save the 
one formed by nature, consisted of clapboards rudely rived from some suitable 
log. This building was located near where the present residence of Hiram 
Roberts stands. Travel had already begun along the Fort Wayne road, as 
settlers from Ohio or farther east first went to the land office at Fort Wayne, 
and afterward came north to settle upon the farms they had purchased. A 
settlement had been formed before 1833 in the northern part of La Grange 
County, and it was mainly through the petition of" these people that the Legis- 
lature was induced to order the survey and establishment of the Lima road. 
Thus the road was traveled by a few teamsters when Bundle first built his 
cabin, and. with the prospect of getting a few extra shillings in view, a small 
unpretentious sign was hung out that entertainment could be obtained. In the 
fall of 1833, Mrs. Frances Dingman, whose husband had died at Fort Wayne 
while the family were in search of a home in the wilds of Indiana, appeared at 
Bundle's cabin, and, having purchased his right and title to the property for a 
pittance, moved with her family into the log cabin, where she continued the 
entertainment of the traveling public, while Mr. Bundle disappeared, and his 
fiite is unknown to this day. It is not known whether Bundle owned the land 
or whether he was anything more than a squatter ; at least, he was easily in- 
duced to transfer his right in the cabin to Mrs. Dingman, who did own the 
land. This woman possessed considerable money, a will of her own, and a 
family of five or six children, several of whom had almost reached their majority. 
She employed some man to clear a few acres of land, and, in 1836, immediately 
after the erection of the Latta saw-mill, in Orange Township, she erected the 
first frame house in Kendallville, a small roughly constructed affair, which was 
built near the old log cabin. Mrs. Dingman found many hardships to contend 
with, and when at last, in about 1837, after a brief courtship, Truman Bearss 
asked her to become his wife, she consented, and the couple, happy in the en- 
joyment of genuine love, walked over to the Haw Patch to have the ceremony 
performed. They were bound together in Hymen's chains, and then started 
for home ; but gloom and darkness came on, and they were compelled to pass 
the night in the woods. A fire was built, and here the newly made man and 
wife sat staring at each other with loving eyes until morning, when they started 
early and succeeded in reaching home in time for a hearty wedding breakfast. 
In about the year 1835, George Ulmer located on what is known as Idding's 
Addition to Kendallville. William Mitchell, in the spring 1836, built a double 
log cabin near where his son now resides. Thomas Ford came soon afterward. 
Ezra T. Isbell, Henry Iddings and Daniel Bixler appeared in about 1836, all 
locating within what is now Kendallville ; but as they were scattered around a 
considerable distance apart, it was not yet dreamed in their philosophy that a 



120 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

thriving village was destined to spring up around them. Isbell was the first 
shoemaker in town. John Finch, a wagon-maker, located before 1840, where 
Dieble's warerooms now are ; and John Gipe erected a blacksmith-shop on the 
south side of the creek, on west Main street, about the same time. In 1840, 
there were living on the present site of Kendallville the families of Mrs. Ding- 
man (or rather of Mr. Bearss), William Mitchell, John Gipe, John Finch, 
George Ulmer, Ezra T. Isbell, Henry Iddings, Daniel Bixler, and possibly two 
or three others, representing a total population of about thirty-five or forty. 
Mr. Mitchell also entertained the public, though no sign was hung out. By 
ISiO, the settlement had assumed the appearance of an embryonic village. A 
short time before thi.s, through the influence of Mr. Mitchell, who owned about 
five hundred acres of land and possessed considerable means, a post office was 
established at his cabin ; but, a few years later, it was removed to the residence 
of Hiram Iddings ; but, in about 1848, was re-established at the store of Samuel 
Minot, who had erected a small building (yet standing) on the old George 
Ackley property, and had placed therein between $2,000 and $3,000 worth of 
a general assortment of goods a year or t\fo before. The oflSee took its name 
from Postmaster General Amos Kendall, and wns known as Kendallville, and 
the village, as soon as it was laid out, was christened after the name of the 
post office. Kendallville did not grow to any noticeable extent between 1840 
and 1849. as perhaps not more than a dozen families lived within its limits. 
Lisbon, however, was at the summit of its prosperity. On the 1st of June, 
1849, William Mitchell secured the services of the county surveyor and laid 
out twenty lots on the west side of Main street. Mr. Minot had opened his 
store some three years before. He built an ashery and manufactured a con- 
siderable quantity of pearl-ash, which was conveyed by wagon to Fort Wayne. 
Minot also built a saw-mill, which soon had all it could do in furnishing lumber 
for the plank road. From 1849 to 1857 the population of Kendallville in- 
creased from about seventy-five to over three hundred, the most rapid growth oc- 
curring in 1852, at which time it became quite certain that the Southern Michi- 
gan & Northern Indiana Railroad was to pass through the village. After that 
the future prosperity of the village became insured. Merchants and artisans 
of all kinds appeared, and the hum of various industries filled the ear with 
sounds of improvement. In about 1849, Minot took as a partner Mr. Evans ; 
but, a few years later, the store was sold to Clark & Bronson. Israel Graden 
opened with a small stock of goods about 1848, but the next year sold to Minot 
& Evans. George Baker placed a small stock of groceries in the Graden 
building, but soon sold out to William Mitten. After the dissolution of Minot 
& Evans the latter continued the business with Mr. Parkman. Rood, Daniels 
& Co., started, in 1853, with dry goods and railroad supplies. A few years 
later Northam, Barber & Welch opened a store. Jacob Lessman appeared in 
about 1856, but sold to J. F. Corl, a short time afterward. A Hebrew part- 
nership (Loeb Brothers) began selling ready-made clothing in about 1856. 



I 



CITY OF KESDALLVILLE. 121 

Peter Ringle bought out Evans in 1854. M. M. Bowen engaged in the mer- 
cantile pursuit not far from 1857. In about 1857, Mr. Welch bought his part- 
ners' interest, and soon afterward effected a partnership with G. W. Green- 
field. Haskins & Roller started about 1858. Jacobs & Brother engaged in 
the mercantile business in 1862; and G. C. Glatte started up not far from 
1857. Thomas Brothers opened with a stock in 1859. Other merchants were 
engaged in business during these years, and since that time their name has 
been legion. 

In 1852, Samuel Minot built a large frame four-storied grist-mill, placing 
therein three run of stone. Four or five years later the mill was purchased by 
George F. Clark, who greatly increased its usefulness. He shipped by rail 
large quantities of excellent flour to different points. About the beginning of 
the last war, the property was transferred to parties from Toledo, and after it 
had been heavily insured, it was burned to the ground, and the insurance money 
was demanded and obtained. Damaging charges were made, but were never 
substantiated. F. & H. Tabor built the grist-mill now owned by Mr. Bnll- 
hart, in the year 1857. The mill, which cost $6,000, was supplied with three 
run of stone, and in 1859 a saw-mill was attached to it. Mr. Tabor claims that 
this was the first circular saw-mill in Northeastern Indiana. At the end of 
six years F. & H. Tabor disposed of their interest in the mills, but in 1864 
built another saw-mill and the following year a grist-mill. These mills cost 
over $7,000. The grist-mill has been re-built within the past two years. 
Thomas Evans, a cabinet-maker, appeared about 1852. Luke Diggins opened 
the first hotel of consequence not far from 1848. Four years later Jesse Kime 
built the old Kelley House. Diggins' House was known as the " Calico 
House," from the Dolly Varden style in which it was painted. The first fol- 
lower of Esculapius was Dr. Cissel, who appeared in 1850. James Hoxby 
was the first attorney, although there were several pettifoggers before him. 
John M. Sticht began manufacturing buggies, phaetons, wagons, etc., in 1868. 
The business is now under the management of his son, H. J. Sticht, E. J. 
White and F. J. Westfall. Isaac R. Ayers is also engaged extensively in the 
same calling. The different establishments of the city in this line manufacture 
some fifty vehicles per annum. Reed, Hamilton and Gallup are at present 
manufacturing 30,000 snow shovels and handles of all kinds per year, employ- 
ing from seven to twelve hands. Lucius N. Reed, since 1869, has been con- 
ducting a planing-mill ; sash, door and blind factory ; a general hardware store 
of materials needed in buildings ; a large lumber yard, and is doing an annual 
business of over .?12,000. He keeps from 300,000 to 500,000 feet of lumber 
on hand, and employs in the various departments of his occupation some fif- 
teen men. He has become a building contractor to the extent of about $6,000 
per year. In about the year 1856, Williams & McComskey opened a small 
foundry, and began manufacturing various domestic articles and implements 
and a few plows. Within two or three years, they sold their establishment to 



122 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Hildreth & Burgess, who greatly increased tlie scope of the business in all 
departments. After a few years, Burgess died, and Hildreth continued the 
occupation for some time alone. Several changes were made, until at last, 
about the time of the last war, Flint, Walling & Co. assumed ownership and 
management, and have continued thus since. They have steadily increased in 
the business, omitting some branches, and taking up within the last few years 
the manufacture of wind-pumps, of which they send out large numbers, the 
demand being greater than the supply. They are at present manufacturing 
their own patent, although they did not at first. This is one of the most 
important industries in the city. J. H. Hastings was the first carriage-maker 
in town, coming in 1861. He is doing an annual business of $8,000. The 
Masons instituted a lodge about twenty years ago, and have steadily increased 
in numbers and influence since. The Odd Fellows, in October, 186S, started 
with eight charter members ; they now have sixty- eight. The Good Templars 
started up during the war, and have since died out several times, but, like the 
Felia domesticce, they seem possessed of nine lives, and soon come to time 
again. The Knights of Honor organized a chapter about two years ago, and 
are doing well. All trades and professions are now represented in the city. 
These have one by one appeai-ed, as Kendall ville has grown from obscurity to 
one of the most prosperous cities of the size (about twenty-five hundred) in 
Northern Indiana. 

At the June session of the County Commissioners in 1863, they were 
presented with a petition, signed by a majority of the tax-payers of Kondall- 
ville, praying that the village might be made an incorporated town. After a 
due hearing of all the facts in the case, the Commissioners granted the prayer. 
The "Incorporated Town of Kendallville " immediately began to assume airs 
of the most killing kind. Street lamps must be had. Town ordinances were 
adopted by the Board of Trustees, and executed with infinite eclat by officers 
duly empowered to see that the laws were speedily and effectively executed. 
The citizens proudly raised their heads a degree higher, looked sagely down 
their noses and thought unutterable things. Sidewalks were built, stagnant 
spots drained by effestive sewers, estray animals were provided with suitable 
accommodations, and aristocratic circles were created, from which the impolite 
and the "unculchahed " were unceremoniously tabooed. 

On the 6th day of October, 1866, pursuant to a notice of the Board of 
Trustees, and in accordance with the requirements of the law, an election was 
held, resulting as follows : Tim Baker, Mayor of the incorporated Oiti/ of Ken- 
dallville ; A. A. Chapin, Clerk; D. S. Welch, Treasurer; James Van Ness, 
Marshal ; George Sayles, Street Commissioner ; A. B. Park and John Emer- 
son, Councilmen, First Ward ; K. B. Miller and Moses Jacobs, Councilmen, 
Second Ward; James Colegrove and George Aichele, Councilmen, Third Ward. 
A stringent code of city ordinances was slowly adopted by the Council to meet 
the requirements of good health, good morals and general prosperity and com- 



CITY OF KENDALL VI LLE. 123 

fort. The first meeting of the new city government was held on the 12th of 
October, 1866, at which time the necessary committees were appointed. A few 
years before this, a fire company had been organized, and some time after this 
they were provided with new apparatus, and a hook and ladder company was 
organized. The first movement looking to the erection of street lamps was 
made in November, 1870, when it was decided by the Council to purchase fif- 
teen of such lamps at $1') each. This resolution ^as not fully carried into ef- 
fect. Many other things in the same strain might be said of the city. 

On the 6th of January, 1858, Mitchell & Hitchcock (William Mitchell 
and Henry H. Hitchcock) began a private banking business in Kendallville, 
and continued until December 31, 1861, at which time the firm was dissolved, 
Hitchcock going out, the business being resumed by William Mitchell & Son 
(William Mitchell, John Mitchell and Charles S. Mitchell), continuing thus 
from January 1, 1862, to June 11, 1863. On the 12th of June the busi- 
ness was merged into the First National Bank of Kendallville, William Mitch- 
ell being elected President, and Charles S. Mitchell, Cashier. The first Board 
of Directors were William Mitchell, John Mitchell, Charles S. Mitchell, Will- 
iam M. Clapp, of Albion, and William W. Maltby, of Ligonier. The first 
stockholders were the above, with the addition of Mrs. M. C. Dawson, of Ken- 
dallville. William Mitchell and Charles S. Mitchell acted as President and 
Cashier until their respective deaths in September, 1865, and September, 1866. 
Since the death of William Mitchell, his son John Mitchell has been President 
of the bank. John A. Mitchell was Cashier from September, 1866, to January 
10th, 1871, at which date Emanuel H. Shulz succeeded him. Mr. Shulz died 
in November, 1878. Jacob G. Waltman became Cashier on the 14th of Janu- 
ary, 1879, and has held the position since. The bank is doing a good busi- 
ness, and enjoys the entire confidence of the community. 

Kendallville has been visited by several disastrous conflagrations, the 
aggregate loss amounting to about $60,000, not including numerous private 
dwellings. Among the principal losses, have been the foundry of Hildreth & 
Co., Iddings & Brown's stave factory, the Burnam House, the schoolhouse, a 
block of five buildings on Main street south of William street (net loss, 
$6,000), a block of eight business buildings on Main street north of Williams 
street (net loss, $16,000), a block of five business rooms on Main street south 
of Mitchell street (net loss, $7,000), the tannery of Draggoo & Oviatt, the 
Air Line House, many private dwellings, some being elegant and costly. These 
are the principal fires, running over a period of some twenty-five years. 

Kendallville lies upon the bank of a beautiful lake. This sheet of water 
(named Bixler Lake, for an old settler) might be rendered much more attractive 
by the construction of an artificial beach of gravel on the side adjoining the 
town. This could be done at little expense, and would transform Kendallville 
into a celebrated watering place. In about 1866, a small steamboat, named 
the "Flying Dutchman," and capable of carrying about fifty passengers, was 



124 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

placed upon the lake by Mr. Lorenzo Ellenwood, at a total cost of several 
thousand dollars. It was purchased in Toledo, and after being used about two 
years was transferred to some lake in Southern Michigan, or perhaps to a river 
there. Mr. Ellenwood conducted a restaurant, entertaining pleasure seekers 
and others. He also dealt in ice ; but these enterprises were losses financially. 
When the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad Company were projecting 
their road through the county, citizens along the line were asked to take stock 
therein. Many did this in and around Kendallville, and finally the city gov- 
ernment issued its bonds for $83,000 to the railroad company, and received in 
return stock in the company to the same amount. Some time afterward, it 
became apparent, from the depreciation in the value of the stock, among other 
things, that large tracts of valuable timber land in Northern Michigan, in 
\vhich every dollar's worth of stock had an interest, had been disposed of in 
such a manner as to deprive the stockholders of any interest therein. This led 
the city to refuse to pay its bonds at the par value of the stock, although it was 
not the design to repudiate the debt. A more detailed account of the whole 
proceeding is as follows: 

Whereas, A majority of the resident freeholders of the city of Kendallville have peti- 
tioned the Common Council of said city to subscribe for and take $83,000 capital stock in the 
Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad, for and on behalf of said city, and to make and issue bonds 
of the city in payment thereof; and whereas, it further appears, that the railroad as proposed 
to be constructed, will run into and pass through said city ; therefore. 

Be it resolved by the Common Council of the City of Kendallville, That .said ciiy will subscribe 
for and lake $83,000 capital stock in aid of the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad, and that 
bonds of said city shall be issued in payment therefor, as follows: Kighty-ihree corporate coupon 
bonds of $1,000 each, signed by the Mayor and attested by the Clerk of said city, and payable 
twenty years from the 1.5th day of May, 1867, with interest at the rate of six per centum per 
annum, payable annually on the 1st day of May of each year (both principal and interest i at 
the office of the Treasurer of said city; that said bonds shall be delivered to the proper officer 
of said Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad Company only on condition — First, that the company 
issue to the city of Kendallville, in lieu thereof, certificates for capital stock of said company to 
the amount of $83,000; second, that sufficient guaranty be given to said city by the President of 
said railroad company that all moneys arising from the sale of said bonds shall be expended upon 
that part of said road lying between the Allen County line, in the State of Indiana, and the city 
of Kendallville; that the Committee upon Ordinances prepare and report .an ordinance to carry 
into ett'ect these resolutions. 

At a meeting of the City Council on the 10th of June, 1867, that portion 
of the above resolution requiring the President of the railroad company to guar- 
antee that all money arising from the sale of city bonds should be expended upon 
th;vt portion of the road lying between the Allen County line and Kendallville 
was unanimously "rescinded and repealed." It was further ordained, at this 
session, that so much of the above resolution as referred to subscribing and 
taking $83,000 stock in the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad, and to issuing 
city bonds in payment therefor, "be and the same is hereby repealed." This 
was accomplished by a unanimous vote. Immediately afterward, the following 
resolution was offered : • 



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CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 127 

Be it resolved hi/ the Common Council of t/ie Citi/ of Kendallville, That whereas, the Grand 
Rapids & Indiana Railroad Company has prepared a proper certificate for capital stock in said 
company to the amount of 830 shares of $100 each, and by its President, Joseph K. Edgerton, 
has also executed a written guarantee that the proceeds of the bonds ordered to be executed by 
said city by special ordinance adopted May 8, 1867, shall be applied in the construction of said 
railroad between Fort Wayne and Kendallville. and not elsewhere, and the said company having 
consented also to deliver to the said city the private obligations or subscriptions to the capital 
stock of said company made by the citizens of Kendallville during the year 1866 ; Now, there- 
fore, the Treasurer of said city is directed to receive from said Joseph K. Edgerton the certifi- 
cates of stock as aforesaid and the written guarantee and the private obligations or subscriptions 
aforesaid, and in payment therefor to deliver to said Edgerton the bonds executed by virtue of 
the special ordinance aforesaid, being eighty-three corporate coupon bonds of $1,000 each ; and 
the said City Treasurer is further directed, -upon application, to deliver said private obligations 
to the several citizens of the city who executed the same and who now reside in said city. 

This resolution remained pending until the next session of the Council, 
when it was voted upon and passed without a dissenting voice. On motion, 
Mr. Edgerton was appointed to cast the vote of the city at the annual meeting 
of the stockholders to be held at Sturgis, Mich., on the third Wednesday in 
July, 1867. He was also instructed to vote for Robert Dykes, as Director of 
the company from Kendallville. In July, 1869, some misgivings having 
arisen in the breasts of the citizens of Kendallville regarding the good faith of 
the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad Company as to the fulfillment of its 
promises and obligations, and the proper disposal or application of the city's 
subscription, the President of the company was informed that the city would 
not pay its obligations — would repudiate the payment of its bonds, unless some 
further assurance was received that the stock subscribed would be properly 
expended, and that, too, without any unnecessary delay. Whether such assur- 
ance was received is not known ; at all events, matters went on until it was 
learned that the Grand Rapids Company had in some manner transferred its 
interest in the road to the " Continental Improvement Company," and that the 
stock in the road held by the city of Kendallville was either worthless, or 
nearly so, from the probable fact that the extensive pine timber lands in Michi- 
gan, owned by the company, to which all such stock had a claim, had been dis- 
posed of in a manner to defraud the stockholders of any interest therein, 
whereupon one hundred and fourteen citizens of Kendallville petitioned the 
City Council, asking that the Continental Improvement Company be required 
to furnish the city with $83,000 of stock, or upon failure to do so, such citizens 
would refuse to pay the principal of their bonds, the interest, or any part 
thereof. The petition was ordered on file, and the Mayor was instructed to 
employ Morris & Worden, attorneys of Fort Wayne, to ascertain the true con- 
dition of affairs, and whether the city of Kendallville was liable for the pay- 
ment of the $83,000 stock subscribed. This last resolution, however, was soon 
rescinded, and the Council employed L. E. Goodwin to ascertain the extent of 
the legal liability of the city for the bonds given to the railroad company. As 
time passed, it became more apparent to the citizens that they had been out- 
iianked when they gave their bonds to the railroad company, and a bitter oppo- 

GG 



128 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

sition to the payment of the subscription was freely expressed everywhere. At 
last a petition with sixty-eight names was presented to the Council, asking that 
an agent he appointed to see whether the bonds of the city in the possession of 
the railroad company could be negotiated at some satisfactory rate, in view of 
the existing hard times and burdensome taxation; but at the next meeting 
another petition, asking that action on the above petition be deferred until after 
the election of the city officers for the ensuing year, was presented with 142 
names. At the next session the Council resolved to appoint a committee of 
three citizens to confer with the holders of the city's bonds, as to the best terms 
such bonds could be negotiated. A conference between the committee and Mr. 
Edgerton, of the Grand Rapids road, and G. W. Cass, of the Continental Im- 
provement Company, was held, and arrangements were made by which the bonds 
were to be purchased by the city, and, in lieu thereof, the stock held by the city 
was to be transferred to the holdersof the bonds; but as this was not followed 
by the proper action on the part of the bondholders, it was resolved by the 
City Council that the Treasurer be instructed to pay no more coupons on the 
bonds until further orders. This action brought from Mr. Cass the proposition 
to exchange $40,000 of the bonds of the city with the overdue coupons attached 
for $80,000 of the stock in the Grand Rapids Railroad, and also an agreement 
to discount 25 per cent on the remaining debt, if the same be paid in one and 
two years. After long debate through several successive meetings the Council 
finally rejected the offer of Mr. Cass, but agreed to exchange $20,000, and the 
stock in the city's possession, for the $83,000 in bonds held by the Continental 
Company ; the $20,000 to be payable in three years in equal annual payments. 
Mr. Cass, by letter, refused to accept this proposition, and further debate was 
indulged in by the City Council regarding the best means of adjusting the dif- 
ference. A committee of three was appointed to go to Sturgis, Mich., and 
confer with Mr. Cass and secure the best terms possible, the committee being 
Messrs. Ringle, Cain & Orviatt. These men could secure no better terms, and 
accordingly a mass meeting of the citizens of the city was called to be had on 
the 2d of August, 1870, at which time an almost unanimous opinion was 
expressed not to accept the proposition of Mr. Cass ; but in the face of this 
feeling the City Council by a vote of three to two accepted the proposal. Any 
further action, however, was postponed until a petition, signed by 238 qualified 
voters of the city, and asking that the resolution of the Council be rescinded, 
was presented, when the prayer of the petitioners was granted. The payment 
of the coupons on the bonds was refused, and after threatening suit against the 
City Treasurer for the collection of the same, the railroad President was con- 
fronted by a resolution from the Council supporting the Treasurer in his refusal 
to pay the overdue interest. After numerous propositions from both sides for 
a settlement without success, suit was finally begun in the United States Cir- 
cuit Court at Indianapolis, by J. T. Davis, for the collection of overdue interest 
on the city's bonds. While this was pending, further efforts were made to 



CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 129 

adjust the trouble. The city received a proposition from certain attorneys of 
Fort Wayne to the effect that, if $15,000 would be guaranteed them, they 
would clear the city of its bond indebtedness. This proposition was accepted, 
and suit was begun. Various other complications arose, until at last in January, 
1874, the following contract was entered into between the city and Mr. Cass, 
representing the Continental Improvement Company : 

The said city sliall assign and deliver to the said Continental Improvement Company the 
certificates for 830 shares of the stock in the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad, now held by 
said city. Second, The said city shall pay the said Continental Improvement Company $25,000 
in ten (10) equal annual payments with interest payable annually on the whole; the first pay- 
ment to be made on the 1st of October, 1874, and the remaining payments on the 1st of October, 
annually, thereafter, until all shall be paid, and the interest shall be computed on the $25,00(1 
from the Isl day of October, 1874. Third, The cause now pending against said company in the 
Allen Circuit Court to be withdrawn, and all suits against said company, in which said city is 
interested, either directly or indirectly, to be dismissed immediately by said city. Fourth, The 
said Continental Improvement Company agrees to accept from said city each of the above 
installments ($2,. 500) and interest as above stated, as it becomes due, and at the same time sur- 
renders to said city $10,000 of said bonds or coupons now held by said company, and when said 
city shall have paid the whole $2.5.000. and interest at the time, and in the manner above prom- 
ised by said city, and shall have performed all the other stipulations herein agreed to be per- 
formed by said city, then the Continental Improvement Company will, without further payment, 
deliver to said city the remainder of said bonds and coupons. 

This contract has been faithfully carried into eifect, until at the present 
writing only about $6,000 remains unpaid. The above facts have been dwelled 
upon, as the subject was one which for several years affected the financial wel- 
fare of every taxpayer within the corporate limits of the city. The writer 
may have made some mistakes above, as the facts in the case were extremely 
hard to get. If so, the forbearance of the reader is asked. "You know how 
it is yourself." 

Kendallville children first went to school about a mile and a half north- 
west to the old log schoolhouse on the Sawyer farm. School was taught there 
prior to 1840. Soon after this house had been built, another was erected 
between the residences of Ryland Reed and Hiram Iddings, and as this was 
nearer than the other house, the scholars were sent to it. Cynthia Parker and 
Miss Wallingford were early teachers at the Iddings Schoolhouse. In about 
the year 1847, a log school building was erected on the line between Allen and 
Wayne Townships, about forty rods west of the Fort Wayne road. Here the 
village children assembled to receive instruction. No schoolhouse was con- 
structed in Kendallville proper until 1858. For several years previous to 
that date, however, select schools had been taught by competent instructors in 
vacant rooms here and there in town ; but this was found to be unsatisfactory, 
and, accordingly, in 1858, a three-storied frame school building, about o0.x60 
feet, was erected on the site of the present school structure, at a cost of about 
$3,500. The two lower stories were devoted to the use of class recitations, 
while the third story was used as a hall in which to hold public exhibitions, 
lectures, etc. From one hundred and eighty to two hundred scholars were in 



130 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

attendance from the beginning. Dr. Riley, an accomplished scholar and an 
efficient instructor and organizer, was employed and taught two years, when he 
was succeeded by Mr. W. W. Dowling, who likewise taught two years. During 
the winter of 1863-64, which was very cold, the Government troops encamped 
at the town suffered so much that the Colonel ordered the evacuation of the 
schoolhouse by teachers and pupils, and transformed it into a hospital for the 
sick of his command. Small-pox broke out among the men at the " hospital," 
but, luckily, it was prevented from spreading. After this, talk was freely 
indulged in by parents of scholars that the schoolhouse could not be used longer 
as such, owing to the liability of the children's catching the small-pox.- A 
secret attempt was made, during the summer of 1864, to burn the house, but 
without success, altliough, late in the fall, the attempt was repeated, resulting 
in the destruction of the building. School was then taught in the basement of 
the Baptist, Disciple and Presbyterian Churches, and in public halls in the 
town, until the present fine (brick) school structure was erected at a total cost, 
including finishing, bell, desks, apparatus, etc., of nearly $40,000. The house 
is 61x81 feet, is two stories in height, has ten regular school rooms, and sev- 
eral others which could be made such if necessary. It is one of the finest 
school structures in Northern Indiana. It was built by means of city bonds, 
which were issued and sold, but which after a time depreciated considerably in 
value, owing to several reasons, one being the hard times at the close of the 
war, and another the heavy taxation for the payment of railroad bonds. Money 
was hard to obtain, and it is said that while the city was kicking like Balaam's 
donkey against the payment of the railroad bonded debt, the schoolhouse bonds 
were sold at a discount as soon as they were issued — were thrown upon a dull 
market and sold at a discount. The building was begun with money (about 
$7,000), raised by subscription, and with the personal liability (about $6,000), 
of James Colegrove, James B. Kimball and Freeman Tabor. These amounts 
were afterward covered by city bonds. The bonds were paid by installments, 
and were issued in the same manner, the most at any time being $1,500, due 
in one year ; $1,500, due in two years ; $2,000, in three years ; $5,000, in six 
years ; $5,000, in nine years ; and $5,000, in twelve years ; the first three install- 
ments drawing interest at 6 per cent per annum, and the last three at 10 per 
cent per annum. This issue of bonds was made in March, 1867. The school, 
house debt has been li([uidated. Within the last few years, a high school has 
been created, and now young men and women, with thoughtful faces, pass out 
into the world, with " sheepskins " of the Kendallville High School. The present 
enumeration of school children in the city is about 1,100. 

The Methodists had an imperfect organization in the vicinity of Kendall- 
ville as early as 1840, and first assembled in a large barn belonging to William 
Mitchell. Three or four families belonged, and when the barn was burned 
down by an incensed blacking, meetings were held in the neighboring log school- 
houses. The Baptists had an early organization at the Sawyer Schoolhouse, 




KENDAUYILU 



1 



CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 133 

and the Presbyterians started up about the same time. Circuit ministers of 
these denominations visited the neighborhood for a number of years ; but, as 
these societies died out before Kendallville began its rapid growth in about 
1851, the present organizations in the city cannot properly be called a contin- 
uation of the old ones. The following denominations have churches in the 
city : Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, German Lutheran, German Metho- 
odist, Disciple, Albright and Catholic. The Protestant Methodists were repre- 
sented for a time, but the society was disbanded a number of years ago. The 
Baptists built the first church in town, the building being now occupied by 
Catholics. The house, a frame structure, was erected in 1856, and ten years 
later was transferred to the Catholics for $2,500. They have owned it since. 
The Baptist Church was used by several denominations, which had contributed 
means for its erection. A few years later, the Methodists built a frame church, 
which, after being used a few years, was destroyed by fire. After the Baptists 
sold their church, they soon bought that belonging to the Protestant Methodists. 
This they still occupy. The Disciple Church was first started at Lisbon ; but 
before it was completed it was taken down, and the material was conveyed to 
Kendallville, where it was used in building the present church. The Albright 
Church was built at the close of the war. The Presbyterian society was first 
organized in May, 1848, by Rev. J. T. Bliss, of the Fort Wayne Presbytery. 
Four members constituted the original membership, as follows : Joseph Gruey, 
Mrs. Elizabeth Gruey, John Cospar, and Mrs. Mary Cospar. Mr. Gruey was 
the first Ruling Elder. At the first meeting, Mr. and Mrs. John Kerr were re- 
ceived by letter. The Methodists and Baptists also had organizations many 
years before their churches were erected. The Presbyterian Church was erect- 
ed in 1863, and the Methodist ten years later. These two and the German 
Lutheran are large, costly, brick edifices, tastefully and handsomely finished, 
and are a credit to the city. All the others are frame buildings. William 
Mitchell, one of the most prominent and charitable men ever residing in the 
city, gave each religious society (eight in all) a lot upon which to build its 
church. He also gave the fine large lot upon which the High School building 
now stands. The old Baptist Church was an important building. Prior to 
1863 the Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, and possibly other societies, met 
there alternately to worship, and the old house was almost constantly filled with 
one unending song of praise and thanksgiving. Before its erection, and subse- 
quent to the year 1852, meetings were held in various vacant rooms and halls ; but 
all this inconvenience is now gone, and the sweet-toned bells calling Christians to 
worship are heard from many quarters. *The Lutheran St. John's congrega- 
tion was organized in 1856, and was first served by Rev. Schumann, holding 
its first meetings in private houses. Among the first members were John Eich- 
elberg, George Aichele, Julius Kratzer, and later A. Wickmans, John Ort- 
stadt, Oscar Rossbacher, John Krueger, Julius Lang and F. Oesterheld and 

•Prepared by Rev. Georgfi M. ^cbumns. 



134 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Others. In 1860, the first (frame) building was erected, which was afterward 
enlarged. In 1865, Rev. A. Wuesteman was called to take charge of the con- 
gregation, which continued to grow by the advent of German Lutherans. In 
1871, Rev. Ph. Fleishmann succeeded Rev. Wuesteman, and by this time it was 
found that the congregation had outgrown the capacity of the old church. Ac- 
cordingly, in 1873, a new brick edifice valued at ^10,000 was erected. The old 
building was made use of as a school-room. Connected with the congregation 
is a private school, at present under the management of Mr. F. Gose. The 
enumeration is about 100. At the death of Rev. Fleishmann in 1879, the 
present pastor, Rev. George M. Schumns, was given charge of the congrega- 
tion. There is a present membership of 75 voting members, besides others. 
Since the origin of the society, 454 persons have been baptized, 228 confirmed, 
and 207 deaths have occurred. 



CHAPTER VI. 
by weston a. goodspeed. 
Wayne Townspup— Reflections of an Old Settler— Long List of Pioneers 
—Life in the Forest- Wolves Versus Domestic Animals— Mr. Gra- 
den's Adventure— The Old Sawyer Saw-Mill— Early Taverns and 
Drinking Customs— Rollings and Raisings— The First Schoolhouse 
and Teacher— The First Religious Society and the First Church 
Erected. 

THE common experience of old age is an earnest wish to live over again 
the life that is swiftly drawing to a close. How many mistakes have been 
made ! how many hours have been unprofitably spent ! how blind to good 
advice and influence ! The stealthy and inevitable approach of death baffles 
the desire for a renewal of youth, and fills the heart with bitter remorse at the 
thought of what might have been. Youth is always bright with hope and 
expectancy ; but, as the years glide by, the scales fall from the eyes, and the 
sorrowful experiences of earth trace wrinkles of care upon the brow, and bend 
the once stalwart form toward the grave. No rocking vessel on life's great sea 
can escape the angry rain that dances upon it, or avoid the bitter winds that 
check its course. 

" Sweet are the uses of adversity, 

Which, like a toad, ugly and venomous, 
Wears yet a precious jewel in its head.'' 

Let us learn from the wretched experience of others — learn from the lives that 
have gone down amid the gales of sorrow that encompass the earth, to shun tlie 
shoals and quicksands that beset our course, that the sunset of life may be 
gilded with the gold of eternal joy. 

The first log cabin erected in Wayne Township was built on the present 
site of Kendallville in 1832, but at what time of the vear is uncertain. In 
fact, the first two or three settlers in Wayne located at Kendallville. As, 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 135 

however, the history of that city is fully given in another chapter, its 
further consideration at this time is postponed. In 184-t, the following men 
resided in the township on land of their own, as shown by the tax duplicates 
at the county seat : Lewman Andrews, Joseph Axtell, Daniel Axtell, John 
Bullenbaugh, Jason Bosford, Daniel Bixler, Nicholas Bixler, George F. Boden- 
heifer, Ludwig Brown, John Cosper, Reuben Chamberlain, Elias Cosper, John 
A. Forker, S- W. Gallop, Joseph Graden, Henry Grubb, Erastus Ilarlow, 
Richai-d Horsely, George Kiramel, J. W. Leonard, William Mitchsll, Samuel 
Lehman, Daniel Longfellow, Christian Long, D. L Numan, H. G. Rossen, 
S. B. Sherman, Stephen Sawyer, Mrs. William Sawyer, Jacob Spurbeck, 
Isaac Swarthouse, William Selders, Samuel Trowbridge, D. D. Trowbridge, 
Ansel Tryon, Hester Taylor, Thomas B. Weston, John B. Woodruif, Albin 
Curtis, Henry Deam, Michael Deam and Charles Fike. 

Perhaps the very earliest among this catalogue were Nicholas and Daniel 
Bixler, Reuben Chamberlain, John Cosper, William and Stephen Sawyer, John 
A. Forker, Henry Grubb, John Brundage, George L. Kimmel, and others. 
Many of the earliest settlers in the township left before 1844, so that their 
names do not appear above ; and, unfortunately, they cannot be given, as their 
faces and names have faded from the memory of the old settlers yet living in 
the township. The year 1836 is remembered all over the county as the time 
when the first great rush was made for farms therein. Settlers were generally 
averse to going into counties for the purpose of permanent settlement until 
after the first organization had been perfected. That, being accomplished, was 
regarded as sufficient evidence that, although the county might be new and 
wild yet, still primitive homes had been begun, and that rude specimens of 
human habitation — the log cabin — had been reared. Besides this, land was 
quite cheap, and a comfortable home could be secured with a little money and 
a great deal of patience, hard work and endurance. Accordingly, as above 
stated, large numbers of immigrants appeared in the county in 1836, and from 
that time forward rapid growth and improvement ruled the hour. Prior to 
1836 not more than six or eight families were living, or had lived, in Wayne 
Township, and some of these were as follows : David Bundle, the first settler 
in the township ; Mrs. Frances Dingman, widow of James Dingman, and her 
family ; Daniel and Nicholas Bixler ; Thomas Ford ; Truman Bearss, who, a 
few years later, became the husband of Mrs. Dingman ; Luke Diggins ; Mr. 
Martin, and perhaps one or two others. Among those who came in 1836 were 
Samuel Comstock, John Brundage, Joseph Graden, Henry Iddings, John Saw- 
yer, who soon afterward died of a fever, and perhaps others, some of whose 
names appear above. Early life in the Wayne woods was, in general, very 
similar to that in other townships, and many descriptions will be found in this 
volume, pointing out the various pleasures and hai'dships incident to a sojourn 
in the wilderness. John Sawyer was a native of Knox County, Ohio, and up- 
on his arrival entered several hundred acres a mile or two northwest of Ken- 



136 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

dallville, where he made his home and lived until 1837, when he died. He 
was the first blacksraitli in the township. On this farm was an Indian grave- 
yard, where a few of that unregenerate race were buried, to await, probably, 
the resurrection, which occurred niuoli sooner than had been intended, as the 
crumbling skeletons were carelessly thrown out by the curious, and left to min- 
gle with the surface soil. Many wild animals were yet abundant, though the 
larger and fiercer, such as bears, had disappeared, save an occasional straggler. 
Deer were every-day sights, and were often shot by men who were probably not 
descended from Nimrod. They frequently came into the clearings to feed on 
the green wheat and other luxuriant vegetation. Many were shot from win- 
dows and doors. Jackson Iddings tells that, upon one occasion while hunting 
in the woods, he shot a buck which dropped to the ground ; but, as he ap- 
proached to cut its throat, it leaped to its feet, and with bristles erect along its 
spine and head lowered for the conflict, made a dash at the hunter, but for a 
time it was eluded by briskly dodging behind trees, until its strength had con- 
siderably failed on account of the wound, when it was suddenly attacked by 
the settler, and dispatched by a few strokes of the knife. Mr. Iddings also 
says that in one day he found seven bee trees, from which were taken about 
thirty gallons of the finest honey, a portion being candied. Bees came from 
their hive during warm days in the winter, and, dying of cold, would fall on 
the snow, leaving a bright yellow stain, by which their hives were discovered. 
A dish of fine wild honey was a common sight in the dining room (if there was 
such aH apartment) of the old settlers. William Tryon tells of killing a bad- 
ger under the following circumstances : The opening in the earth leading to 
its nest having been discovered, Mr. Tryon and several others began the work 
of digging it out, but as fast as they dug the animal also dug, keeping away 
from them ; finally, after a deep excavation had been made without success, five 
or six strong steel traps were set in the opening, and the next morning the 
hole, when approached, was found nearly full of dirt ; a portion of this was 
thrown out, and in one of the traps was the badger ; it was taken alive to the 
house, but died in a few days. It is related that Joseph Graden, having lost 
his cows, went in a southerly direction in search of them, taking with him his 
little boy some eight years old : not finding them as expected, he traveled on, 
and ere he was aware darkness had come, when he was on the bank of Cedar 
Creek, several miles from home ; the night was cloudy and very dark, and the 
cold wind swept through the branches of the trees, and the weird rustling of 
dead leaves and the wild creakings of gnarled limbs aroused the apprehensions 
of the belated settler ; to add to the unpleasant situation, wolves began to howl 
in the dark forest near them ; a fire was immediately kindled, and a supply of 
fuel gathered, and the settler holding his little boy closely by his side sat down 
with the fire at his front and a large half-hollow oak at his back, and thus re- 
mained until morning ; the wolves came close to the fire during the night, 
snapping and snarling, yet did not venture an attack, but sneaked off into the 






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J . . 



j'«5';.if 



;mt 



'i^ 






.M>^>''-^':- 




/^< 



WAYNE TOWNSHir. l39 

forest as the dawn appeared. John Longyear, who settled in the township in 
1844, says that the wolves, one night in harvest, attacked a flock of ten sheep 
belonging to him, and when morning dawned nine of them were found lying 
stiff and stark upon the ground with their throats cut. Many incidents of a 
similar character are narrated, but these will suffice to illustrate the dangers to 
be met by backwoodsmen in Noble County. 

The first birth in the township was that of a son of Mr. Bixler, and occurred 
early in the year 1836. The child lived but a few weeks, and its death was the 
first. One of the first marriages was that of Mrs. Dingman to Mr. Bearss. 
They went over to the Haw Patch to have the ceremony performed, and becom- 
ing belated on their return spent the night in the woods. William Selder was 
conducting a tannery on Section 22, as early as 1845. This was continued 
probably about five years, and the small quantity of leather manufactured was 
sold in surrounding towns, or to the settlers, who took it to their homes, where 
it was made into boots or shoes for the family by journeymen cobblers. It 
must be I'emembered that ready-made clothing and wearing apparel of all kinds 
were not kept for sale in stores as they are nowadays. Cloth or leather was 
purchased at certain seasons of the year in quantity sufficient to supply the 
whole family, and then either a journeyman cobbler or tailor was employed to 
make the goods up, or the services of the wife and mother were called into 
requisition to furnish the clothing, and those of the husband and father to fur- 
nish boots and shoes. The parents often acquired great dexterity by long 
practice in these particulars. The journeyman would travel around from 
house to house, remaining sometimes more than a week at the same place. 
Whisky was used at all the rollings and raisings, as no man pretended to work 
on such occasions without frequent potations from the bottle. On one occasion 
Mr. Longyear announced a rolling-bee, and, when the men assembled and began 
work, it was discovered, amid considerable comment, that no whisky had been 
furnished. One of the men asked Mr. Longyear : " Have you no whisky ? " 
and was answered, " No." " Why not ? " "I have no money " (a prevarica- 
tion, as Mr. Longyear did not want to furnish whisky). " Well, I have 
money," said the man, reaching his hand in his pocket and taking out a half 
dollar. " Take this and get us a gallon of whisky." Whereupon a messenger 
was dispatched for a gallon of the drink which inebriates, and when it came 
the men made themselves both full and happy. Some became too full (fool) 
for utterance, and sought the shade to sleep off their blissful spirits. The 
whisky was obtained at the tavern of Luke Diggins, on the Fort Wayne road, 
and was at that time 50 cents per gallon. At a rolling or raising on the farm 
of Mr. Childs, the whisky was drunk from a wash-dish, and is said to have 
tasted as well as usual. Various drinking vessels were at first used, and when, 
finally, a jug was brought into the neighborhood, it was immediately and with 
due ceremony dedicated to the service of imbibers at the rollings and raisings, 
and after that was always present, traveling the circuit of the neighborhood, 



140 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

but, unlike the men who assembled to work, was generally empty, a deplorable 
•condition of affairs truly. Mr. Longyear says that by actual count he 
assisted at sixty rollings and raisings in one year. 

The old Sawyer Saw-Mill was built in the southwestern part in about the 
year 18-10, being located on the Elkhart River at a place where a dam was 
easily secured, and where a fair water-power was warranted. The writer could 
not learn with certainty who erected this mill, but it must have been by either 
Stephen Sawyer or Joseph Graden. Grailen was a carpenter, and probably did 
the work of construction, even though the other man owned the property. That 
is probably the true fact in the case. Stephen Sawyer operated it very early, 
and was afterward succeeded by numerous owners, among whom were Solomon 
Sherman. Daniel Bixler and John Forker. The mill remained in operation 
about twenty years, and at times was well patronized. The next saw-mill was 
built at Kendallville, to supply the old plank-road with lumber. No grist-mill 
has been built in Wayne Township outside of Kendallville. The old plank- 
road was extensively traveled in early years, especially after the enactment of 
the Fugitive Slave Law, by colored fugitives from the Southern States on their 
way to Canada. They were assisted on their way by S. Whitford, John 
Longyear, old man Waterhouse, and several others along the road. 
Father Waterhouse was constantly engaged in the business, and it must be 
remembered that any help rendered the escaping slaves was punishable by 
stringent legal enactments; consequently those who engaged in the work, 
knowing that they were violating the law, carried on their schemes under the 
friendly cover of the night. Mr. Waterhouse was discovered assisting fugitive 
slaves, and, it is said, was arrested, but finally cleared himself after consider- 
able trouble. In the light of subsequent events, this noble-hearted old man, 
and all others who engaged in the work through humane motives, deserve a 
lasting tribute to their memory. Mr. Longyear says that on one occasion 
eight dusky fugitives remained over night at his house, and were taken away 
just at daybreak, and hurried to some other point. Mr. Longyear received 
the appointment of Postmaster in about 1850, and retained the office seven 
years. Prior to that event, it had been at Marseilles, in Orange Township, 
Joseph Scott being the Postmaster. Luke Diggins opened a tavern on the 
Fort Wayne road very soon after coming to the township, not far from the year 
1838; but, prior to that, one had been thrown open for public entertainment 
in what is now Kendallville, by Mrs. Dingman, the latter house being the first 
in the township. Diggins' tavern was standing on the Fort Wayne road, near 
the Orange Township line, and became a great resort of those who courted the 
god of wine. Whole nights were spent in the old bar-room, and merriment 
ruled the hours. 

" In the days of my yoiitli, whfia (he heart's ia its spring, 
And dreams that affection can never talie win^. 
I had friends ! — -who has not ? — but what tongue will avow 
That friends, rosy wine 1 are as faithful as thon ? 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 141 

"Then the season of youth and its vanities past, 
For refuge we iiy to the goblet at last ; 
There we find — do we not? — in the flow of the soul, 
That youth, as of yore, is confined to the bowl." 

For the first few years, the early settlers were obliged to go to Brush Prai- 
rie for corn, wheat and vegetables. No man had money in any quantity worth 
mentioning, and it was therefore necessary for those dealing in values to devise 
a system of exchanges, and this was accomplished by the establishment of a 
representative of value that was within the reach of all. A day's labor in the 
woods was as unchangeable as any value, and was often used as a standard, by 
which prices were fi.xed and exchanges effected. Thomas B. Weston, quite an 
early settler, was well known and universally respected and trusted. It was 
customary at the time taxes were to be paid for some settler who could be de- 
pended upon to obtain from each tax-payer the necessary amount of money, and 
then proceed to the county seat, where the claims of the county and State were 
adjusted. Mr. Weston often did this for the settlers in Wayne Township. One 
day he approached Mr. Longyear's house, and told the owner that it was tax- 
paying time, and for him to get ready his money. This was new for Mr. Long- 
year, and he replied that he had not laid by any money for such a purpose. 
" Well, can't you raise the money, some way ? " asked Mr. Weston ; whereupon 
he was given a coon skin and a fawn skin, which were taken to Port Mitchell, 
then the county seat, and sold, and the $1.50 realized was used to pay Mr. 
Longyear's first tax. That was only a common incident, and fitly illustrates 
the early way of meeting obligations. Many cranberries were growing in the 
surrounding marshes, and these were gathered and sold, and the cash realized 
was turned over to the tax collector. The woods were filled with wild hogs 
and rattlesnakes, and as the former were needed they were shot, and, as the 
latter were not needed, they were likewise killed. The early settlers were like 
brothers, sharing with each other provisions, etc., and assisting in all depart- 
ments of farm work. 

The first schoolhouse in the township was erected in about the year 1838, 
on the farm of the heirs of John Sawyer. It was a small, round-log structure, 
built in the rudest and most primitive way, and without a solitary interesting 
feature, save the roaring fire-place that lighted the gloomy room with ruddy and 
fitful glow. Joseph White, a native of the Buckeye State, taught the first 
school, receiving for his services $1 for the term from each scholar, and 
his board from the patrons of the school, the latter being the families of Mrs. 
John Sawyer, Luke Diggins, and two or three others. The plank for the 
doors, window-casings, etc., was obtained at the old Latta Saw-Mill in Orange 
Township, as the Sawyer Mill had not yet been erected. This old house was 
used five or six years, when a small frame school building was erected near it 
to take its place. In 1845, a log schoolhouse was built in the Kimmel neigh- 
borhood, and was used until it became leaky, when it was abandoned, and a 
better one built. By this time, there was some school money that had been 



142 HISTORY OF NOIJLE COUNTY. 

raised by taxation, and was used to pay the teacher and maintain the school. 
The second house in this neighborhood was a frame structure which is yet 
standing and used, though it has often undergone repair. The next school- 
house was built one mile north of John Longyear's residence, about 1846 ; 
others have succeeded it. The schoolhouse at the Center was built the 
same year, and, within the succeeding four or five years, every district then in 
the township was supplied with some kind of a rude log schoolhouse. Lydia 
Bixler was the first teacher at the Center. The Longyear school building was 
not erected at public expense. It was the outgrowth of jealousy, and was 
built at the expense of a few foolish individuals, who subsequently turned it 
over to the township. Several other districts have been ruptured the same 
way, until there are fourteen school buildings in the township outside of Ken- 
dallville. The result is as might have been expected. If every man must have 
his own schoolhouse, he " must pay for his whistle," and live to see it run 
down. Wayne Township is certainly well supplied with schoolhouses, and also 
has its full share of spleen. 

A small Free-Will Baptist society was organized in about 1841 or per- 
haps a year or two earlier. Circuit ministers came to preach about once a 
month, and a membership of some twelve or fifteen was secured. The society 
was first organized in Daniel Bixler's barn, where tt met for a few months, and 
then occupied the old log schoolhouse. Some of the early members were Dan- 
iel Bixler and family, Barbara and Elizabeth Dingman, Philander Isbell and 
others. Rev. John Staley was one of the first preachers. When he died, the 
flock, being without a shepherd, became confused and scattered, and the society 
was soon extinct. The Bixler girls were fine singers, possessing magnificent 
voices, and drawing many outsiders in to hear them. In about 1847, a revival 
was held at the Center Schoolhouse by an able minister of the Episcopal 
Methodist persuasion, and many were converted and joined to the church. 
Meetings were held in schoolhouses, and at last a good-sized log church was 
built on the farm of Nicholas Hill. This was used until it was worn out, and 
until a portion of the membership had altered their faith to that of the Protestant 
Methodists. The old building was abandoned, and the Episcopal Methodists 
afterward held their meetings in the old schoolhouse near by, while the Protest- 
ant Methodists went down to the Center Schoolhouse, where they still continue 
to assemble. The other branch of the church built a neat frame building a 
short distance east of where the old log house had stood, about fourteen years 
ago. The society is in a flourishing condition. Among the members who 
belonged at the time the first church was built in about the year 18.")1 were the 
Hills, Brundages, Greens, Rices, Johnsons, Youngs, Stantons and Wilsons. 
These religious societies have had an excellent effect upon the morals of the 
citizens. The German Methodist society, which now has a church on Section 
2, was organized in the fall of 1857 by the following persons who became mem- 
bers : George Linder and wife, Gottlieb Fried and wife, and George Frey and 




«£jJfM t t 



m 



Catherine Weston 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 145 

wife. The first meeting was held at the house of George Linder, with the 
Rev. John Snider as Pastor. After this, meetings were held in the various 
private houses and in Hamer's Schoolhouse, until the membership had reached 
about thirty, when a consultation was held at the residence of John Shifaly, 
regarding the propriety of building a church, which resulted in the appoint- 
ment of a committee, with Mr. Shifaly as chairman, to solicit subscriptions for 
the erection of such a building, Mr. Shifaly donating $100 and the necessary 
ground. In May, 1873, the contract for the erection of a church, 30x40 feet, 
was let to Mr. Shifaly for $1,318, and the house was completed in October and 
dedicated in November, 1873, the Rev. Andrew Meyers being first Pastor. 
The church was named " Weston's Chapel," in honor of the old settler of that 
name. The first Trustees were John Ackerman, Gottlieb Fried, George Frey, 
Charles Kent and John Shifaly. The present membership is about forty. Rev. 
August Gerlach, Pastor. The society is in good circumstances. The Trinity 
class in the northern part was organized in 1869, by D. S. Oakes, who became 
first Pastor. Among the early members were D. Fiant and wife, Mr. Kreuger 
and wife and R. Hutchins and wife. Preaching was held in the Ream's School- 
house. In February, 1873, a subscription was started for a brick church, 34x48 
feet. A considerable amount was thus promised, and the work was begun by the 
appointment of the following building committee : M. Eckhart, M. Kreuger 
and R. Hutchins, who, in July, let the contract for building the house to M. 
Kreuger for $2,150. For some reason further work was postponed until the fal- 
lowing year, when the house was constructed, and finally dedicated in August, 
1874, R. Riegel being Pastor. On the day of dedication a debt of $600 cov- 
ered the church ; this has since been reduced until at present only $60 remain. 
In 1880, $80 were expended in repairs. The membership, in 1875, was 
twenty-two ; that at present about forty. The present Pastor is Rev. D. S. 
Oakes. 



C HAPTER VII. 

BY WESTON A. GOODSPEBD. 

Town or Ligonier— E.\rly Development — Subsequent Improvement— Ap- 
pearance OF Industries— The Sons of Temperance — Fires — Incorpora- 
tion OF THE Village— Secret Societies— The Jews— The Shipment ok 
Wheat— Mr. Gerber's Experience — Education and Religion— The 
High School- Statistics. 

THE incorporated town of Ligonier was laid out and platted in May, 1835, 
the year before the county was organized, by Isaac Caven., owner and 
proprietor, and the plat was recorded at the county seat of La Grange County. 
One hundred and ten lots were laid out on a beautiful tract of land, which, in 
former years, had been used as a depository of animal bones, from which the 
flesh had been gnawed by red men, before the era of settlement. The early 



146 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

settlers found growing in bountiful profusion, all over the present site of tte 
town, great bods of the finest wild strawberries, which sprang up around the 
moldering bones, making a '"merry meal" from the rich mold. The Elk- 
hart River, then twice as large as it is at present and far more beautiful, wound 
through the present town site and was the resort of hundreds of deer, which 
came to bathe in the stream or drink of its limpid waters. Like all proprietors 
of towns in early years, Mr. Caven confidently expected to be the founder of a 
metropolis that would immortalize his name and fill his empty coffers witli an 
abundant supply of "the representative of value." He owned eighty acres 
wliere the village stands. A short time after the village had been founded, 
Isaac Spencer (who lived about a mile south and who was the first County Clerk) 
erected a small hewed-log storeroom, in which was placed a small stock of a gen- 
eral assortment of goods, valued at about f 1,000. The goods were removed from 
a store Mr. Spencer had at his residence. Not much of a trade was obtained. 
Ward Bradford built the first residence, into which his family moved about 
1836. Spencer did not continue business in the village longer than about 
two years; and, as soon as he departed, Daniel Stukey succeeded him, occupy- 
ing the same room, with not so large a stock, until 1839, when he too found 
the occupation unprofitable and went out of business. Two or three families 
lived in Ligonier in 1840, but it had not yet dawned upon the citizens' minds 
to denominate the place a village. In autumn, 1844, Henry Treer, of the 
partnership Hill & Treer, of Fort Wayne, opened a general store, and, a year 
later, Hugh Miller followed suit. Treer became somewhat embarrassed about 
1846, and retired from the business; and Miller likewise saw visions of more 
profitable fields of labor not far from the same time. Taylor Vail, yet an in- 
fluential and respected citizen of Ligonier, succeeded Treer. The population 
in 1845 was about 50; in 1850, about 100; in 1855, about 300; in 1860, 
about 900; in 1865, about 1,100; in 1870, about 1,400; in 1875, about 
1,700; in 1880, about 2,000. The present population is about 2,200. Allen 
Beall, who put in an appearance in 1844, was the first resident blacksmith. 
From 1845 to 1852, the growth of the village languished; but, at the latter 
date, as it became assured that the Northern Indiana Railroad was to pass 
through the town, all manner of improvement underwent a revival. Soon 
after this, quite a number of that shrewdest and most business-like and pros- 
perous class of people, known as Jews, established themselves at Ligonier, and 
the population and business, within five years, quadrupled. The Jews, with 
plenty of money, have continued to come, until no town in Indiana of the 
same size contains the same number of these excellent people. The beauty, 
amiability and grace of the Ligonier ladies are proverbial. Myers & Strous, 
dealers in "clodings" and dry goods, began business about 1854; Kearl & 
Smalley not far from the same time; Haskell & Ellis, ditto; George McClellan, 
a tinner, ditto. There were five or six stores in town in 1855, where almost 
anything could be obtained for "de monish." 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 147 

*In about 1847, Taylor Vail became owner of the foundry that had been 
in operation at Rochester, and moved all the apparatus to Ligonier, where he 
continued the work of the former owners, manufacturing all kinds of plow 
castings, a few cook stoves, pots, kettles, and various other useful articles and 
implements. He sold out to Jacob Wolf in about 1848, who continued in the 
same line for two years, then selling to Mr. Beall, who also disposed of the 
property to (probably) George Ulmer & Sons, not far from the year 1855. A 
few years later the property was destroyed by fire, and was Jiot afterward re- 
built About two molders were employed, and a few assistants, who, at the 
most prosperous periods of the enterprise, secured a combined cash and book 
account of about $1,200 per annum. Some of the old articles manufactured 
are yet in use. A saw-mill was built in 1852, and James Kennedy, Benjamin 
Ruple and George Hersey conducted it three years, without profit. The Fish- 
ers built and operated one about 1856, continuing with success some six or 
eight years. Dodge & Randolph built one after the war. Fisher Brothers, 
soon after their saw-mill had been erected, built a grist-mill near it, and fur- 
nished the village and surrounding country with flour for a few years, when the 
mill was abandoned, and Albert Banta and A. C. Fisher erected another on 
the site of the present Randolph Mill. Joseph Fisher, in about 1859, built 
one where the Empire Mill now stands. The post office was established in 
Ligonier in 1848, and was a continuation of the Good Hope office, the first one 
granted in the county. H. M. Goodspeed has been Postmaster since the war. 
Solomon Mier established a private bank in 1872, and is there yet doing a gen- 
eral banking business. In 1870, the Straus Brothers established their private 
bank. They are dealing largely in real estate. The Sons of Temperance or- 
ganized a lodge in 1849, nearly all the principal citizeus joining it. Harvey 
W. Wood came from a distance, and, in violation of the State law, began re- 
tailing liquor from his wagon on the streets. The Sons of Temperance seized 
his liquor (legally) and concealed it, but about this time the Supreme Court de- 
cided that the law prohibiting the sale of liquor on the street was unconstitu- 
tional ; but the Sons, refusing to give up the " spirits," suit was begun against 
them by the owner for damage. The owner was successful, and the Sons, in 
some way, turned over their hall to satisfy the judgment, but retained the 
li({uor. What was to be done with all the whisky, rum, etc., became the ab- 
sorbing question. At this time, there belonged to the lodge about one hundred 
of the most prominent citizens in the village and surrounding country. After 
considerable discussion, it was decided that the liquor (which in some incom- 
prehensible manner had greatly decreased in quantity, though several kegs were 
yet left), should be put up at auction and sold to the highest bidder, none but 
Sons being permitted to bid. It was a laughable scene, long to be remembered. 
Here were the very men who had so bitterly denounced the cause of intem- 
perance but the day before, vying to outbid each other in order to get the 
liquor, which, by the way, was of the best quality. The " Grand Mogul " of 



148 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

the lodge immediately arose with the spirit of the occasion, and, amid great Ex- 
citement, bid off the best keg of rum, and in dignity departed, lugging it home 
on his shoulder. On went the sale, and away went the remaining few kegs, 
to the bitter disappointment of the great majority of Sons. It is needless to 
add that the lodge immediately became defunct. Ask not the historian for the 
names of these Sons ; go for information to the " old settlers." 

In 1860, a $15,000 fire was indulged in, on Caven street, along where 
Taylor Vail's store now is. In December, 1870, an $8,000 fire swept over a 
portion of the same ground. In 1858, $5,000 in property was destroyed, on 
the second corner south of Mr. Vail's store. In 1873, the fire fiend swept 
away the Conrad Block ; loss about $6,000. These have been the principal 
fires. The Odd Fellows, Masons and Good Templars have lodges in the town. In 
1864, the village having sufficient population for the purpose, the citizens pro- 
ceeded to petition the Commissioners to incorporate the town. This was soon 
accomplished ; but the writer cannot give the details, owing to the loss of the 
records (which, by the way, were kept in very poor shape), and the treachery 
of recollections. In August and September, 1860, 31,180 bushels of wheat 
were shipped from Ligonier. It is a great wheat market at present, as nearly 
500,000 bushels are shipped awaj' annually. In January, 1874, an association, 
known as the Ligonier Building, Loan and Saving Association, was chartered, 
the object being " the accumulation of funds by the savings of the members 
thereof, to aiil and assist the stockholders to purchase real estate, erect build- 
ings, and make such other investments as are provided by law." The corpora- 
tion was chartered for eight years, and its operations were limited to Noble 
County, the capital stock being $100,000, and shares $500 each. Some fifty 
citizens of Ligonier and vicinity appended their names to the articles of associ- 
ation. Nine directors were appointed, and the following first officers were 
elected : President, John B. Stoll ; Vice President, Isaac E. Knisely ; 
Treasurer, David S. Scott : Secretary, Daniel W. Green. This association did 
not come up to the hopes of the members ; and, in 1877, a new charter was ob- 
tained, and an entirely new organization effected under the name Perry Build- 
ing, Loan and Savings Association. The corporation is yet in its infancy. 

The first school building erected on the present site of Ligonier, was a 
small, hewed-log structure, rudely and hastily put together, in about 1837, by 
some four or five of the early settlers in the vicinity, one of them being Jacob 
Wolf, from whose premises the logs were taken. Miss Achsa Kent, who after- 
ward became the wife of one of the Frinks living near Port Mitchell, was em- 
ployed to teach the first school, which she did, receiving her pay by subscrip- 
tion, and boarding around. The second teacher in this house was Henry Hos- 
tetter, and the third, James Miller. The log schoolhouse was used for almost 
everything until about 1851, when, on account of its dilapidated condition, it 
was succeeded by a small frame building, which was known far and near as the 
'• Red Schoolhouse." . A few years after this schoolhouse was erected, Mr. Eli 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 149 

B. Gerber was employed to teach the tow-headed urchins that assembled there. 
The first morning, he fired up his sinking courage, repaired to the schoolhouse, 
and began vigorously to ring the bell. Miscalculating either on his strength, 
or on the toughness of the bell-rope, the cord snapped off just as he began to 
ring. What in the world was to be done ? A happy thought darted through 
his bewildered mind. He would ascend into the loft through the small uncov- 
ered opening in the ceiling, and tie the rope together. No sooner conceived 
than up the loft he went. By this time, the children began to flock in, anxious 
for a " good squint " at the new teacher. They saw nothing of that function- 
ary until the latter, making a misstep above, came thundering down through 
the plaster, tearing off, on the way, nearly half the lath on the ceiling. The 
scholars stared in terror at the formidable object, thinking, doubtless, that the 
old Devil himself was after them, and then, with one accord, ran pell-mell out 
of the room in the greatest fright. School on that day was a decided failure. 
Mr. Gerber tells this story with many mental reservations ; but he has another 
which he tells to particular friends (and historians), and reserves none of the 
very interesting facts. It is an adventure which he and a select company of 
companions had with a band of Indians, in about 183.5, near Omaha, Neb. 
He armed himself with an enormous — but Mr. Gerber may tell the story in his 
own inimitable style. All go and ask him for it — one at a time. Have him 
tell the story often. 

The old red schoolhouse was built in the ordinary way, by means of funds 
raised by direct taxation. This was used until 1865, when the present three- 
storied brick building was constructed at a cost of about $12,000. Money cer- 
tificates, or orders on the Town Treasurer, for stipulated sums were issued by 
the Trustees, and purchased by the citizens ; or rather, the money was 
advanced by the citizens, and the town's obligations, bearing interest at 6 per 
cent per annum, were given in lieu thereof. The citizens were sadly in want 
of a more commodious schoolhouse ; and all having money to spare advanced it, 
and took the above obligations. In this manner no trouble was experienced in 
getting money to build the house. - The building was poorly constructed 
(according to reports), and was located upon the public square, the third story 
being fitted up for a town hall to satisfy objections as to the legality of trans- 
forming the park into a schoolyard. For a number of years prior to the erec- 
tion of the brick, the old red schoolhouse was so dilapidated and small that 
select schools sprang into existence in various portions of the town. Vacant 
rooms here and there were converted to school uses, and the old red house was 
left to the wind, the owls and the bats. The log and the red frame school- 
houses were not the only ones in early years ; as, in 18-57, when the north side 
(or Brooklyn, as it is sometimes denominated) had become quite well populated, 
a frame schoolhouse, a little larger than the old red one, and commonly known 
as the "White Schoolhouse" to distinguish it from the other, was erected 
there, and used until 1873, when the present two-storied brick took its place at 



150 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

a cost of about $3,300. It may be mentioned here that many select schools 
have been taught in the past, several of which were well conducted. There 
have also been denominational schools. 

The first movement toward the erection of the High School building, was 
a petition presented to the Town Trustees in May, 1875, asking that a special 
ordinance be passed, to issue town bonds to the amount of $10,000 (the Trustee 
of Perry Township having promised to levy for the same amount, to be placed 
with that raised in the town, and for the same purpose), the same to be applied 
toward the erection of such a building. Definite action on the petition was 
deferred until April, 1876, during which time the subject was thoroughly 
discussed, and permission was obtained from the County Commissioners 
by the Township Trustees to create a township debt of $4,000 (there being at 
the time, in his hands about $2,000), the same to be raised by assessment, and 
applied toward the erection of the high school building. During the same 
time, it was decided to put about $18,000 into the schoolhouse, two-thirds of 
which were to be paid by the town, on account of the greater benefit likely to 
be received by it. The $2,000 in the hands of the Township Trustee, and the 
$4,000 (which were raised in two annual assessments) were presented within 
two years to the building committee. This much for the township. The town, 
in accordance with a special ordinance, issued its bonds (twelve in number, 
bearing 9 per cent interest) for $12,000 ; and soon effected a negotiation for 
the entire amount. The following is the report of the negotiating committee . 

To the Board of Trustees of the Town of Ligonier: The undersigned, who were by the 
Board of Trustees of Ligonier appointed agents for the sale of certain schoolhouse bonds in the 
sum of $12,000, authorized to be issued by Ordinance No. 19, would respectfully report, that we 
have sold the said bonds to Dr. W. P. Hazleton, of New York ; that the interest upon said bonds 
(being 9 per cent per annum) is payable semi-annually at the National Park Bank of New York, 
on the first day of May and November of each year, the first installment coming due November 
1, 1876 ; that the charge of said National Park Bank for turning over said bonds to Dr. Hazleton 
receiving the money therefor, and issuing certificates of deposition in our favor, amounts to the 
sum of $16, which sum said bank deducted from certificate of deposit No. 6,044, as per their 
statement ; that we received as the net proceeds of said sale of bonds four certificates of deposit, 
issued by said National Park Bank, and calling for $11,985; that upon the filing of a bond by 
the School Board of Ligonier with the Auditor of Noble County, covering the sum of $15,000, 
we turned over to the Treasurer of said Board the said four certificates of deposit, taking his 
receipt therefor, which is hereunto attached. We also herewith file a copy of the bonds issued 
by authority of Ordinance No. 19, and sold to Dr. W. P. Hazleton as above stated. 

J. B. Stoll, 1 . 

J. C. Zimmerman, /Agents. 

May 15, 1876. 

As the Town Trustees found they could not be in readiness to pay the 
first installment of bond interest on the 1st of November, 1876, a special ordi- 
nance was passed providing that an additional bond, suflScient in amount to cover 
such interest, be issued. This was done, and the bond was purchased by Straus 
Brothers. At the proper time, a tax was levied upon town property, sufficient 
in amount to pay off the interest accruing annually on the bonds, and also to 







/ 



/ 




LIGONIER 



TOWN OF LIQONIER 153 

create a sinking fund, witB which at least one of the bonds could be taken up 
yearly. In August, 1879, the above bonds, to the amount of $11,000, were 
refunded, pursuant to an act of the State Legislature, approved March 24, 
1879, each new bond being for $1,000, and drawing interest at 6 per cent per 
annum. The entire amount of the new bonds was purchased by Mr. W. P. 
Hazleton, and, at the present writing, $8,000 and some interest are yet to be 
paid by the town. A simple arithmetical calculation will show that before this 
debt is wholly liquidated at the present rate of payment, there will have been 
paid over $20,000 by the town of Ligonier. The next thing to be done was to 
secure a competent Superintendent or Principal to put the school in shape, and 
to unite the discordant elements or factions which had resulted from the limited 
authority given by the School Trustees to former Superintendents in the public 
schools. What grading had been done was more from the standpoint of physical 
proportions than from mental endowments or acquirements : hence, upon the 
new Superintendent was thrown a burden with which none but a man of long 
experience in scholastic discipline, and one with great executive ability, could 
have advanced to the present excellent condition of things. Prof D. D. Luke, 
of Goshen, was the man destined to create order out of chaos. He was 
employed to superintend all the town schools, and to conduct certain courses of 
instruction in the High School. This he has done to the perfect satisfaction 
of the School Trustees. Prof. Luke, assisted by the County Superintendent, 
conducts a normal school for six weeks during each autumn, and a praiseworthy 
interest is created. Three commencement days have dawned upon the High 
School, and forty-two well-informed young ladies and gentlemen have gone 
forth to battle with life. 

As early as 1831, ministers of the Methodist, Presbyterian and Baptist 
denominations, began to appear about once a month and preach to the earliest 
inhabitants in the vicinity of Ligonier. Meetings were held in log cabins, 
barns, and, finally, in schoolhouses. Beyond a doubt, as early as 1842, the 
Methodists began holding rude meetings in Ligonier, but the society, though 
probably formed in 1844, did not feel able to erect a church until 1846, at 
which time, Henry Treer, having donated the lot upon which the present 
Methodist Church stands, to be used for purposes of religion, began to agitate 
tlie propriety of building a church. This was followed by the immediate con- 
struction of the first church building in Ligonier. It was a small frame struct- 
ure, 30x40 feet, but it answered the purpose. Great revivals were held soon 
afterward, and large accessions were made to the membership. At last, in 
1 S58, the present house was erected. It has been remodeled several times 
since, and will last many years to come. The Methodist society is the strong- 
est in Ligonier at present. The Presbyterians and the Baptists endeavored to 
organize early societies in the town, but without avail. The Universalists 
sprang into life about 1854, and within the next two years the following well- 
known persons organized themselves into the second religious society in town : 



154 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Harrison Wood, John C. Johnson, James Smalley, John Morrow, James Mc- 
Mann, George Hersey, Jacob Kiser, Niah Wood, Lewis Cavil, H. C. Fisher, 
C. L. Welman, A. D. Hostetter, Andrew Engle, and a few others. The 
church, which cost about $1,000, was erected in 1856, and is yet occupied, but 
not by the Universalists. Rev. William J. Chaplin was employed to minister 
to the spiritual welfare of the flock, receiving for his services $150 per year 
for one-fourth of the time, and remaining about two years. The society bor- 
rowed money of Harrison Wood ; but, neglecting to return the loan, was prose- 
cuted, and a judgment of about $350 was obtained by Mr. Wood. Soon after- 
ward, or in about 1861, the church was sold at auction, and purchased by Mr. 
Wood for about the amount of the judgment ; but, within a short time, a three- 
fourths' interest in the house was sold to members of the Disciple society for 
$350. This is the condition of things at present, Mr. Wood reserving the 
right to have Universalist or other ministers preach there occasionally. The 
Universalist society has not since been revived. About five years ago, there 
was held in a tent on the public streets of Ligonier a number of religious 
meetings, conducted by Rev. Charles Woodworth, a Wesleyan Methodist, as- 
sisted by Rev. Mr Woodruff; and a little society was soon formed. Mr. Will- 
iam Leuty, a resident of Ligonier, and a man of broad charity, philanthropy, 
and a very earnest Christian, immediately went to the head of the society. 
Many of the members came from the region of the Fair View Schoolhouse, 
where a society of the same denomination had been formed about the same 
period. Mr. Leuty furnished $1,500, with which a small, neat brick 
church was built on the north side. A membership of about sixteen was se- 
cured. Afterward, Mr. Leuty purchased a parsonage with $800, and turned it 
over as a gift to the membership. Revs. Worth, Derapsey and North have 
been the pastors. Too much cannot be said in praise of Mr. Leuty. He does 
not care to have his charitable actions heralded to the world, yet they are im- 
portant matters of history. When the writer interviewed him for matters of 
interest connected with his life and labor, he politely and firmly said, " I have 
nothing to say," and the historian had to seek other sources. Mr. Leuty has 
given toward the M. E. Church here about $1,600. He built a church at Ada, 
Ohio, which cost $2,150. There is scarcely a church in Ligonier that has not 
been assisted from the '-slough of despond" by this venerable and benevolent 
old man. These have apparently forgotten the donor of the gifts, and the cruel 
lesson of ingratitude has been publicly taught. It is stated, on good authority, 
that Mr. Leuty has given away to various religious organizations about $15,000. 
Besides this, he has donated large sums to educational purposes and to elee- 
mosynary institutions. He gave $13,000 toward the " Carpenter Building," 
in Chicago, a structure designed to be used to antagonize Masonry. He has 
given several thousand dollars to " Wheaton College," Illinois. At least, $30,- 
000 has been given away in this manner. Too bad the world has so few such 
men as William Leuty. 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. . 155 

A United Brethren society was organized many years ago, but did not 
survive long. In 1872, it was revived by Rev. F. Thomas, who became the 
pastor in charge. He has been succeeded by Revs. L. P. Dunnick, J. A. 
Cummins, J. F. Bartness and the present incumbent, J. Simons, an eloquent 
young divine. This society owns the finest church edifice in the town, the 
structure being a fine brick, erected on the north side in 1874, at a cost of 
$5,500. The present membership is about sixty-five. The Sunday school was 
first organized in 1874. The present attendance is 125, T. Hudson officiating 
as Superintendent. The Seventh-Day Advents, under the direction of Elders 
S. A. Lane and H. M. Kenyon, erected a tent in the town in May, 1875, and 
began expounding their peculiar tenets tb large audiences. The following per- 
sons organized themselves into a society during the following autumn : A. E. 
Stulzman, Mary A. Graham, William Culveyhouse, Ellen Squires, J. H. Gra- 
ham, Hattie Cline, Eva Kegg, Catharine Clark, Viola Graham, Isaac Mc- 
Kinney, Maria Walsh, Emma Green and Elizabeth Skeels. The present 
membership is about sixty-three. Their church was built during the winter 
of 1876-77 ; but was not dedicated until December 23, 1877. It is a brick 
structure and cost about $1,700. A Sunday school was organized in October, 
1875. The society has been served by Elders Lane, Sharp and Rogers. A 
Jewish synagogue was established in the Hostetter building, in 1867, by the 
election of the following officers : Mathias Straus, President ; Isaac Ackerman, 
Vice President; Jonas Decker, Treasurer; H. B. Faulk, Secretary; Solomon 
Mier, Leopold Schloss and F. M. Straus, Trustees. A small building was 
erected in September of the same year. Mr. Jacob Straus presented the so- 
ciety with a Jewish Bible valued at $200. 

The Catholics first began to assemble in about the year 1858, at which 
time Father Henry Force, an itinerant priest, began pilgrimages from Fort 
Wayne. But few Catholic families lived in Ligonier and vicinity at that time; 
but finally sufficient finance was accumulated to build a small frame church, 
which was done in about the year 1860. This building, with some little im- 
provement, was used until a few years ago, when it was entirely remodeled at 
a cost of $1,500. Perhaps the society has never exceeded twenty families. 
Father Iloltz was the first priest. He has been succeeded by Fathers Deumick, 
Cuenlin, Eichtern, Moisner, Beckleman and Krager. 

For the following excellent sketch of the Disciple Church, the historian is 
indebted to Rev. J. M. Monroe. The society was organized April 26, 1863, 
with the following charter members : Edmund Richmond and wife, S. N. Pence 
and wife, Jonathan Simmons and wife, C. R. Stone and wife, J. M. Knepper 
and wife, Nancy Shidler, Lucy Engles, Sophia King, Elizabeth Engle and 
Jacob L. Simmons. On the same day Edmund Richmond and S. N. Pence 
were elected Elders, and J. M. Knepper and Jonathan Simmons, Sr., Deacons. 
On the 8th of June, 1863, it was decided by the society to purchase the Uni- 
versalist Church, which had been sold to Judge Wood at Sheriff's sale. Three- 



156 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNJY. 

fourths interest in the building was purchased for $350. This house is yet 
occupied by the society. Rev. Charles Richmond served as pastor one year, 
portions of 1863 and 1864. George W. Chapman served one year, term end- 
ing in 1865. W. B. Hendry served from fall of 1865 to fall of 1867. N. J. 
Aylsworth from October, 1867, to January, 1870. James Hadsel served in 
1870. J. M. Monroe was pastor from June, 1871, to November, 1872. J. 
E. Harris from December, 1872, to May, 1874 ; F. Grant, half of the year 
1874 ; R. S. Groves, a year and a half, 1875 and 1876 ; Elder Heard, a year 
and a half, 1876 and 1877 ; 0. Ebert, a year and a half, 1878 and until June 
1879; J. M. Monroe, from September, 1879, until the present, having entered 
upon a permanent pastorate. Mr. Monroe is a very capable and energetic 
man, and is greatly beloved by his congregation. The first revival was held 
by Benjamin Lockhart, of Ohio, in May, 1863, two weeks after the organiza- 
tion, at which time J. M. Fry, wife and daughter, Misses Mary Simmons and 
Addie Shipman joined the society. The first important revival was held by 
W. B. Hendry, in February, 1866. It grew out of a debate between Elder 
John VV. Sweeny, of the Disciple society, and Rev. Cooper, of the Methodist. 
After the debate the meeting was continued, and among the conversions were 
L. J. Dunning and wife, W. A. Brown and wife, Peter Sisterhen and wife, 
Joseph Braden and wife, Charles Stites and wife. Riffle Hathaway and wife, 
Jessie and Lucinda Dunning, Nancy Stansbury, Jonathan Simmons, Jr., and 
Rebecca Huber. About this time there joined the church Dr. Adam Gants 
and wife, H. R. Cornell and wife, David Miller and wife, Mrs. A. C. Jones, 
Dr. Landon. Sarah Himes, Abraham King and wife, Mary Vincent, Margaret 
Parks, Josephine and Bell Chapman, Mrs. Finley Beazel, David Simmons and 
George Kuhn and wife. The second important revival was held by W. B. 
Hendry, during the pastorate of James Hadsel, or in March and April, 1870. 
This meeting was also preceded by a debate between Elder Sweeny and Rev. 
Chaplain, of the Universalist Church. Thirty-nine persons joined the society: 
John S. Ohlwine and wife, Matthias Marker, J. B. Stutsman and wife, Mrs. 
Fayette Peck, Mrs. Daniel Scott, Dickinson Miller and wife, Emmaret Stans- 
bury, Jennie Hathaway, Lena and Rosa Sisterhen, Emma Dunning, Helen 
Mayfield, Tillie Wolfe, Mrs. Jacob Huffman, E. A. Keasey, Dolphus Teal being 
among the number. The third revival was held in January and February, 
1872, by Rev. J. M. Moni-oe, Pastor. The number of conversions was eighty- 
two, being the largest in the history of the church. Among the additions were 
Albert Banta, Luzon Gilbert, John Speckijn and wife, Mrs. Judge Wood, Mrs. 
N. R. Treash, Mrs. James Silburn, Orrie Sweetland, Pineo Pancake, Miss 
Madison, Mrs. Drumbeller and daughter, Isaac Todd, William Herbst, wife 
and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. George Campbell, Hattie Parks, Mrs. Jonathan 
Simmons, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. William Sisterhen, Thomas and Oliver Simmons, 
Moses Goshern, Allie Folk, Mrs. Niles, William Hays and wife and Sarah 
Meyer. Many other.s have since joined, until the society at present numbers 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 



157 



214 members, being the largest in Ligonier, if not in the county. It has 
received into its communion 442 persons, a majority of whom have moved 
away. An efficient Sunday school is conducted by J. H. Huffman, Superin- 
tendent ; average attendance over one hundred. The society has organized a 
Woman's Christian Missionary Society, also a social society. The choir 
leader is Samuel Krashbaum ; organists, Katie Brown and Jessie Stutsman. 

The following interesting statistics of Ligonier were prepared for the year 
1878, by John W. Peters, foreman in the Banner office, to whom the historian 
is greatly indebted for the privilege of using the same : 



DENOMINATIONS. 



Methodist Episcopal.... 

Christian 

United Brethren 

Wesleyan Methodist 

Ahavath Sholom 

St. Patrick's (Catholic). 
Seventh Day Advent. ... 



Total.. 



MEMBERSHIP. 



42 
40 
19 
8 
20 
50 
16 



19-5 



84 
77 
42 
8 
25 
50 
27 



313 






■go 



21 



$3,000 
2,000 
4,500 
1,500 
1,000 
2,000 
1,600 



O 9 



$1,000 
700' 
600 
4uO 
500 
200 
870 






$111 00 
195 40 
265 73 
50 00 
700 00 
400 00 
115 00 



$15,600 $3,770;$1,837 13 38 435 






Zai 



125 

70 
179 

23 

38 



200 
175 
100 
30 
26 
70 
35 

635 



NEWSPAPEBS. 

Ligonier Banner — Politics, Democratic ; published weekly; established, 1866; circulation, 
1,348; language, English ; employes, 4; average monthly wages, $30; size, 28x43. 

Ligonier Leader — Politics, Republican; published weekly; established, 1880; circulation, 
1,300; language, English; employes, 4; average monthly wages, $23; size, 30x44. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

Number of buildings 3 

Value of all school buildings $20,300 

Number of teachers 8 

Male teachers 2 

Female teachers G 

Average monthly wages for male teachers $72 50 

Average monthly wages for female teachers $;30 00 



Male pupils 

Female pupils 

Total white pupils 

Colored male pupils... 
Colored female pupils.. 
Total colored 



352 

361 

713 

1 

1 

2 



PHYSICIANS. 



Number 13 

Value of library and furniture ,$7 0(X) 

Value of office business 19,400 

■Other expenses 3,525 



ATTORNEYS. 



Number 

Value of library and furniture $8,150 

Value of office business 4,700 

Other expenses 430 



158 



HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 



BANKINO HOUSES. 

Number 2 

Banking capital $110,000 

Deposits to January 1, 1879 $105,000 

Employes 8 

Salaries $14,000 

Other expenses '^,000 



CLASSIFICATION OP MANU- 
FACTORIES. 



Blacksmithing 

Boots and shoes 

Breweries 

Vehicles 

Cigars 

Cooper shops 

Flouring mills 

Foundries 

Furniture 

Harness and saddles . 

Wooden handles 

Marble works 

Merchant tailors 

Photographers 

Planing mills 

Saw mills 

Trunks 



Totals. 



Number ofiCapital In- 
Shopa. 



$2300 
6850 
5000 

10250 

400 

4300 

20000 

10000 

9250 

2900 

4000 

2000 

3600 

1350 

16.500 

1800 

300 



RawMater 
ial Used. 



Va 1 u e of 
Products. 



$6980 
8500 



16600 

350 

3400 

58820 

4000 

4300 

8500 

600 

2000 

7500 

425 

12000 

5000 

300 



P22700 
17000 



39670 

1400 

72-18 

68301 

12000 

10500 

15400 

2500 

7500 

13000 

2405 

20182 

7.500 

700 



42 $100800 $136275 $254096 138 $54580 $9407 



Number of 
Employ- 



16 
14 

16 
1 

10 
6 

11 
7 

12 
3 
6 
8 
3 

14 
4 
1 



WagesPaid 
During 
Tear. 



$6996 
6300 



7820 

650 

3018 

3120 

4700 

2972 

3504 

800 

2184 

2540 

1110 

6898 

1808 

260 



All other 
Expenses. 



$615 
375 



1510 

65 

410 

3329 
300 
700 
555 
100 
175 
275 
400 
400 
183 
15 



OCCUPATIONS. 



Agricultural implements 

Boarding houses 

Books and news 

Boots and shoes 

Barbering 

Clothing stores 

Coal and wood 

Country produce 

Drug stores 

Dry goods 

Furniture dealers 

General merchandise 

Grain dealers 

Groceries and provisions.... 

Gunsmithing 

Hardware 

Hotels 

Jewelry, etc 

Liquor saloons 

Livery stables 

Live stock dealers 

Lumber dealers 

Millinery and dressmaking. 

Meat markets 

Saddles and harness 

Sewing machines 

Stove and tin dealers 

Tobacconists 

Wagons and buggies 

Well-digging and pumps 



Number of 
Shops. 



4 
2 
1 
4 
2 
4 
1 
1 
4 
1 
4 
9 
6 
13 
1 
4 
1 
3 
4 
2 
4 
5 
7 
2 
4 
1 
1 
4 



Totals. 



109 



Average 
Value of 
Stock 



$3700 

800 

3275 

11400 

350 

20000 

60 

3000 

16000 

4000 

8200 

79600 

2900 

2927 

1100 

17200 

6000 

3200 

2650 

6100 

2600 

14000 

2425 

2.50 

3900 

250 

400 

1300 

4700 

350 



Total Pur- 
chases. 



§35900 

2100 

8000 

23675 

150 

53000 

720 

61630 

30800 

12000 

13200 

196000 

469200 

9992 

1363 

49200 

4000 

3600 

7100 

2182 

141000 

49100 

8280 

21000 

12600 

3000 

3000 

7400 

28870 

1550 



Total Sales 



Employes. 



$251985 $1371947 $1623941 



$50600 

4900 

9600 

31200 

3796 

63000 

720 

58130 

40000 

14000 

16900 

261000 

475900 

146938 

2500 

60500 

5500 

6600 

17740 

7500 

156750 

64442 

12775 

26500 

18100 

5000 

4000 

12400 

40550 

6500 



5 



2 
4 
4 

10 
1 
8 
8 
3 
4 

33 
. 6 

26 
1 

11 
9 
.> 
5 
6 

10 
6 

20 
5 
4 
1 
1 
5 

11 
6 



223 



Wages. 



$3400 
1400 
1000 
2300 
2678 
6700 
25 
3500 
4020 
1250 
1700 

22860 
1300 

12113 
900 
5750 
2200 
1550 
2460 
2300 
6200 
2670 
2865 
3600 
2110 
650 
824 
2150 
3625 
2302 



$106202 $38831 



Other Ex- 
penses. 



$1008 

226 

326 

850 

595 

1926 

35 

1850 

1770 

300 

950 

7800 

1026 

4890 

110 

1550 

2800 

400 

1385 

1065 

2775 

490 

1091 

915 

422 

300 

25 

365 

1360 

250 



t 



^ 



i''^' 




Q^Oi^ 




'(T 



LIGONIER 



i 



CHAPTER VIII. 

by weston a. goodspekd. 

Perry Township— Roll of Early Settlers— General Growth- Deer Hunt- 
ing BY Night — Rochester, Washington and Hawville— Mills and 
Foundries— A Distinguished Frenchman— The Indians— Education and 
Religion. 

PREVIOUS to the year 1844, there had resided in Perry Township the fol- 
lowing men : Hugh Allison, William G. Allison, Edward Bouser, Daniel 
Bouser, Sebastian Bouser, Valentine Burris, John Billman, John Buzzard, Ed- 
ward Bailey, Andrew Bailey, William Bailey, Jacob Baker, William Bouzer, 
Allen Beall, Hartwell Coleman, John L. Conrad, Adam S. Conrad, Jeremiah 
Curstetter, Levi Carstetter, Isaac Caven, James Christie, Jonathan Caldwell, 
James Crook, R. D. Coldren, Francis Danner, William Denny, David Dun- 
gan, Francis Dungan, George Engle. Henry Engle, John Engle, Andrew En- 
gel, Felix Grimes, James Gordon, James Givens, Christian Heltzell, Henry 
Hostetter, Jr., John Hostetter, Benjamin Hostetter, James Hamilton, John 
Hamilton, William Hamilton, William J. Hamilton, George Hamilton, Solomon 
Harper, James Hoak, William Hoak, Cyrus Hoak, Henry Kline, Michael 
King, Samuel Kirkpatrick, James Latta, Perry Lee, Thomas W. Morrow, 
James Marker, George W. Miller, Seymour Moses, John Morrell, Philip Mil- 
ler, John Miller, Ambrose Miller, Solomon Miller, Henry Miller, Dickerson 
Miller, James McMann, James McKinney, Henry May, Linderraan May, 
Perry McMann, Alexander McConnell, Andrew Newhouse, Jonathan New- 
house, Josephus Neff, North Neff, Hiram Parks, -James Ramsby, Levi Reeves, 
Thomas Stone, Daniel H. Stukey, .Jacob Stage, Gideon Schlotterback, Elijah 
Shobe, Daniel Shobe, Silas Shobe, Henry Shobe, David Smalley, James 
Smalley, John Summers, Isaiah Thomas, George Teal, Joseph Teal, John 
Tomlinson, Jacob Wolf, Jeremiah Wolf, Jacob Vance, Harrison Wood, Ham- 
ilton Wilmeth, Joseph H. Woodell, Reuben Warner, James Wilmeth, George 
Welker, and several members of the Harsh family. There were many others 
who resided in the township during the interval mentioned ; but their names, 
unfortunately, cannot be remembered, those given having been placed on record 
at the county seat as owning land and entitled to their vote. The first settle- 
ment in the township, and, indeed, the first large permanent settlement in the 
county, was made in this township, beginning in 18.30, at which time Levi 
Perry, Isaiah Dungan and Richard Stone settled on Perry's Prairie (named 
for the first settler, Levi Perry). In 1831, there came in Jacob Wolf (yet 
living), Henry Hostetter, Sr., and his family of boys, Adam Engle and his 
family, Jacob Shobe and family, Joseph Smalley and family, Henry Miller an4 



1&2 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNT V. 

family, and a few others. These arrivals (all being excellent people) assured 
the permanency of the settlement on Perry's Prairie. Large crops were put 
in ; and within two years these families had an abundant supply of grain and 
provisions. Those who located in the heavy woods in other portions of the 
county had a much harder time, as the forest must be cut down and consumed 
before crops of any consequence could be raised, and, even then, for many 
years, the growth was scanty and sickly, owing to the stumps, roots and re-ap- 
pearing underbrush. The granaries of the new settlement became filled, like 
those of Egypt, with corn and other grains ; and the impoverished pioneers 
throughout the surrounding country made "pilgrimages to Egypt" (as they 
called it) to buy corn and provisions. Thus Perry's Prairie became a famous 
place — famous for its excellent families — famous for its hospitality — famous for 
its generosity to those who came to buy or trade. Here, the first post office in 
the county was established ; and here it was that selections were made for the 
first county court and for the first township ofiicers. Others came in 1832 and 
1833, during which time all the land of value on the Prairie was entered, and 
turned up by the plow. The land was filled with tough roots of brush, etc., 
but heavy plows, capable of turning over nearly a yard of earth, and drawn by 
eight or ten yoke of oxen, soon transformed the wild and irregular surface into 
smooth fields of growing grain. John Hostetter was perhaps the first to settle 
in the extreme northern part ; but, in 1836, he was followed by many more, 
each selecting his home where it best suited him, and all going to work in ear- 
nest. 

The first township election was held at the house of John Hostetter, but 
the names of the first officers are forgotten. There were twenty-five voters 
present. Reference is not made to the election while Perry was a part of La 
Grange County ; but to the first one held after Noble County was created. 
Through this township the White Pigeon road was opened by the State in about 
1835. The State devoted 3 per cent of the receipts from the sale of land to 
the opening and improving of roads. But it was many years ere the roads 
were made pleasant. The Elkhart River which meandered through the town- 
ship was a beautiful stream in early years. Its banks were bordered with 
heavy woods or open glades ; and its clear waters were filled with the finest fish. 
Some of the stories as to the number of fish taken out in a few hours seem 
marvelous. The ordinary wild animals were present, except the bear, which 
had retreated to the heavy pine forests in Michigan. One manner of hunting 
deer (and a very successful one) was to float down the river at night with a 
bright light ; and the animals which came at that time to drink would stand per- 
fectly still, and stare at the light until shot down. Harrison Wood and a com- 
panion were at this work one night, when, just as they were about to fire at a 
fine buck, they managed to capsize the canoe. Away scampered the deer, and 
the nocturnal Nimrods had a " sweet " time getting out of the river and home. 
Tlie Indians were very numerous, and resorted to all sorts of devices to secure 



PERRY TOWNSHIP. 163 

provisions or whisky. As usual, they were badly treated by some of the 
whites. Mrs. Galbreth, who lived in the northern part, had been captured 
by the Indians in Pennsylvania many years before, had seen her mother and 
sister cruelly tomahawked and scalped, and had been dragged far off into the 
wilderness by the savages, with whom she remained many wretched years, 
though she finally either managed to make her escape, or was given up by her 
captors. The story of her captivity would be one of absorbing interest. 
Hugh Allison erected a saw-mill at Rochester about the year 1834. The dam 
was washed away several times ; and, after running a few years, the mill was 
abandoned. In about 1842, Seymour Moses erected a saw-mill on Elkhart 
River, two miles northwest of Ligonier. He conducted the mill a few years, 
and then transferred it to the Miller Brothers, who neglected it, permitted the 
dam to break, and then dropped the whole business. In 1843, Seymour Moses 
began the construction of a carding mill near the site where his saw-mill was ; 
but, just as it was about completed, he died, and the project died with him. An 
early saw-mill was operated at Rochester by the " Iron-Works Company." 
Adam Engle conducted an early " corn-cracker " at the northern extremity of 
Indian Lake. The mill was built about 1835, had one set of niggerhead buhrs, 
cracked a great deal of corn, and made the attempt to grind wheat. It was 
operated five or six years, when the dam was destroyed by some one whose land 
was flooded by the back water. 

Rochester was laid out on Section 26, Township 35, Range 8, in Novem- 
ber, 1836, by Simpson Cummins, proprietor. Fifty blocks and fractional 
blocks were surveyed on the river bank, each full lot comprising eight lots, four 
lots being donated for school and church purposes. The lots were immediately 
offered for sale ; and the village grew rapidly. Several houses had been 
erected before the village was laid out. Powell (afterward joined by McCon- 
nell) opened an excellent store in about 1837, at which time some seven fami- 
lies resided there. Nelson Prentiss became their clerk. An iron factory was 
started about the same time, or a little later, by Baldwin, French, and, perhaps, 
others. Eight or ten teamsters were employed to haul iron ore from " Ore 
Prairie," in York Township ; and the business began to thrive. Both Baldwin 
and Frank died about the 'same time ; and then Mr. Lee assumed control. 
Richmond & Beall finally started a foundry about 1844, where plow-castings, 
pots, kettles, etc., etc., were manufactured in considerable quantity. These 
manufacturing interests called to the village a population, in 1840, of about 
sixty, and, in 1845, over one hundred. It was at that time one of the largest 
and most enterprising towns in the county. A number of years later, McCon- 
nell & Cummins erected a three-storied grist-mill, placing therein three run of 
stone. It became an excellent mill, and is yet there, having passed through 
many vicissitudes. A saw-mill has been there much of the time since 1834. 
A multiplicity of causes contributed to the death of Rochester, though the 
decay was lingering and painful. Ligonier grew from its ashes. In June> 



164 HISTORV OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

1837, Isaac Caven laid out a village of sixty lota on Section 2, Township 35, 
Range 8 east, and named it Washington. The village was properly recorded; 
but, alas ! the poor thing did not grow higher than the paper upon which it was 
platted. The little village of Hawville first found an existence many years 
ago, though but few families have i-esided there. The village is popularly 
known as " Buttermilk," a very euphonious cognomen, truly. 

David P. Bourette (or Bourie), a Frenchman, whose father, L. B. Bou- 
rette, established himself as a trader among the Indians, at Goshen, in 1800, 
claims to have passed the winter of 1829-30 among the Indians in northern 
Perry Township. He packed several ponies with goods at Fort Wayne, and 
remained with the large encampment of Pottawatomies in northern Perry, dis- 
posing of his goods for money and furs. In 1831, he built a storeroom in 
Elkhart Township, in the history of which will be found a further account of 
this well-known man. He was raised among the Indians, and it is claimed 
that Indian blood flows in his veins, although this he indignantly denies. The 
report is probably a mistake or a slander, as no satisfactory proof has ever been 
produced to show that he is other than what he claims — a full-blooded French- 
man. Until such proof is obtained, the tongue of slander should hush. 
Bourie lived in southwestern Perry for many years. Mrs. Bourie composed a 
very popular song, which is sung at all the old settlers' meetings. It has five 
or six verses, one of which is : 

" The wildernesa was our abode 
Full fifty years ago ; 
And, if good meat we chose to eat, 

We shot the buck or doe. 
For fish we used to hook the line ; 
We pounded corn to make it fine ; 
On Johnuy-cake our ladies dined, 
In this new country." 

Mr. Bourie tells many interesting stories about the Indians. One time, 
down on the Wabash, he says, the Indians, in some way, got possession of a 
considerable quantity of whisky against the orders of the men who had been 
appointed to treat with them ; and an effort was made to recover the liquor 
ere the Indians were under the influence. Two old squaws were out in the 
woods drinking as fast as they could of the fiery liquor ; when, seeing a white 
man looking at them, one, with wicked eyes, expressed herself as follows : Kit- 
wassenock co-she-ah shin-go-lah hir.eo donh- ish-ah caw-a-lak (what does he want; 
I hate him, I detest hira ; I'll split his brains out). But the old lady of the 
woods came to time when a rifle was presented in her dusky face. 

In about 1860, the big fires in the pine forests of Michigan caused many 
bears and other wild animals to come down into Indiana and Ohio. A large 
black bear came to Mr. Bourie's residence, and was first seen by Mrs. Bourie, 
from the window, but was thought at first to be a black sheep. The animal 
finally jumped over a fence, and then the truth was revealed. Mr. Bourie, 
and one or two others that were present, immediately started at the top of their 




%•■ 



*«* 





pfffffy TP. 



PERRY TOWNSHIP. 167 

speed for the animal, which made for the river, but, by means of a boat, was 
driven from the island where it had taken refuge, but finally eluded its pursuers 
by entering a dismal swamp. 

In the autumn of. 1836, a small log building designed to answer the dou- 
ble purpose of a church and schoolhouse, was erected in the northern part, one 
mile west of where Salem Church now stands, by Seymour Moses, Isaac Caven 
and a few others. Mr. Moses was one of the first teachers in this house, as 
was also Miss Axy Kent. School was taught there after that without inter- 
mission. The Episcopal Methodists began holding their meetings there, but a 
little society had been semi-organized as early as 1834, and had met in the cabins. 
Of those belonging to this society were James Latta (a well-remembered local 
minister and a very worthy man), Robert Latta (of La Grange), Samuel Kerl, 
Abel Thomas, James Taylor (of La Grange) and John Thompson (of La 
Grange). Ministers of other denominations preached as freely in the house as 
the Methodists themselves, though the latter were the builders. A Sunday 
school was early organized, Seymour Moses being one of the first Superintend- 
ents. In about 1849, the old schoolhouse at Moses' Corners was abandoned, 
and a larger, hewed-log structure erected where the Salem Church now stands. 
This was used as a schoolhouse until 1856, when a frame house was built by 
Eli B. Gerber, at a cost of about |350. In 1845, a rupture occurred in the 
Methodist society, and the Episcopals went into Eden Township, La Grange 
County, where they built a church, while the Protestants remained in the old 
schoolhouse until 1849, when they built Salem Church. This building served 
the society long and faithfully, or until 1879, when the present fine structure 
was built, at a cost of $3,200. The old log schoolhouse on Moses' Corners 
was used by all living in the northern part of the township. It was not until 
between 1845 and 1850 that the population had become sufficiently dense to 
warrant building others within two miles of it. On account of a schoolhouse 
in northern Sparta Township, at an early day, none was built on Perry's 
Prairie until 1841. The one where Henry Hostetter, Jr., used to live, was 
built a few years later. 

A number of years ago, the Dunkards in the southern part trans- 
formed a schoolhouse into a church, where they now worship in their 
peculiar way. Some eighteen or twenty years ago, the Amish built a small 
church on the northern line, which they continued to occupy for a number of 
years ; but finally the property passed to the control of the Dunkards, who, in 
1879, put up a much better building. The United Brethren, about six years 
ago, became so strong in the northwestern part that they felt capable, finan- 
cially, of erecting a church, which they did, constructing it wholly of brick. 
The society is now in good circumstances. Perry Township owns a third inter- 
est in the fine High School building in Ligonier. That was certainly a move 
in the right direction. Send your young ladies and gentlemen there to school. 



CHAPTEE IX. 

by weston a. goodspeed. 

Town of Albion— Catalogue of Patentees— Fiest Cabin in the Township 
— Platting of the Village— Early History and Subsequent Growth- 
Incorporation — Industrial Statistics — Education and Religion — 
Schoolhouse Bonds— Sketches of the Religious Societies— The Fire 

Fiend. 

THE founding of the town of Albion, and its rapid growth and promised 
permanence, gave rise to the conditions requiring the creation of Albion 
Township. About, seven years after the county seat had been finally fixed, and 
Albion in swaddling clothes had been ushered into life, the importance of hav- 
ing a voting precinct other than the centers of York and Jefierson Townships 
became evident to the villagers, and proceedings were begun in 1854, having in 
view the creation of a new township that should comprise four sections of ter- 
ritory, with Albion at the center. If any opposition was encountered from the 
Trustees of the townships, that were to be mutilated in the operation of creating 
the new, such fact is not now remembered. It is denied by some that a peti- 
tion, signed by perhaps all the citizens of Albion, was presented the County 
Commissioners, praying that Albion Township might be created; but the bur- 
den of evidence is in favor of the existence of such a petition. It was out of 
the question for the village to be so divided that the citizens living east of 
Orange street must go three miles east to poll their votes, and those on the west 
side, three miles west. There was too great a division of pecuniary interest in 
such a separation; for, according to the Scriptural judgment, "A house divided 
against itself must fall." It is possible that the remembrance of this injunc- 
tion was in the minds of the citizens in 1854, and caused them to adopt the 
better policy of unity. At all events, during the June term (1854) of the 
County Commissioners, the following bounds were ordered set off, to be known 
thereafter as Albion Township ; Sections 18 and 19, Township 34, Range 10 
east (Jefferson) ; and Sections 13 and 24, Township 34, Range 9 east (York). 
This was the first step toward creating concerted action in public affairs. All 
the land within the present limits of the township of Albion was entered as 
follows : 



NAME OF patentee. 



LOCATION. 



Date of Entry. 



Henry Harvey and William Baker, 

\Viuthrop Wright 

Ira Harriman 

Winthrup Wright 

Henry H.arvey and William baker 
.lohn Sawyer aud T. A. Johnson., 
.lohn .'^awye^ and T. A. Johnson.. 



N. E. \ and S. W. 

S. W. ] 

S. E ] 

N. 
N. 
E. 
VV 



i.... 



W. i and S. E. J-... 

JN. E. i 

JN. E. } 



319.91 
169.71 
160.00 
319.65 
319.83 
80.00 
80.00 



$389.89 
199.64 
200.00 
399.56 
399.79 
lOO.Ol 
100.00 



June 4, 1836. 
Julv 18, 1836. 
(Jet. 5, 1836. 
July 18, 183'i. 
June 4, 183B. 
July -20, 1836. 
July 20, 1836. 



TOWN OF ALBION. 



169 



NAME OF PATENTEE. 



LOCATION. 



Date of Entry. 



Stephen Warner, Jr. 
Epliraim G. Bassett. 

William F. Engle 

William F. Engle 

William F. Engle 

.J:imes McConnell 

.Tames McConnell 

William F. Eugle...., 

John Bonnar 

John B. Tinker 



E. JN.W. i 

W. JN. VI. \ 

W.J S. W. } 

W. I S. E. i 

E. ^S. E. i 

E, iS. W. } 

N. W. 5 and W. J N. E. J 

E. i N. E. I 

S.W.J 

S. E. i 



80.00 

80.00 

80.00 

80.00 

80.00 

80.00 

240.00 

I 80.00 

160.00 

160.00 



100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
250.00 
480.00 
100.00 
.300.00 
100.00 
200.00 
200.00 



Aug. 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
Aug. 
July 



13,1836. 
23, 1836. 
20, 1836. 
20, 1836. 
20, 1836. 
21, 1836. 
21,1836. 
21,1836. 
11,1836. 
30, 1836. 



Not one of these men built a house at the time of entering the land. 
Hiram Bassett, son of Ephraim, built a log house across the line on Section 14, 
early in 1837 ; and soon afterward a barn was built on the east half of the 
northwest quarter of Section 13. The latter was undoubtedly the first build- 
ing of any kind that was erected in Albion Township. The first dwelling was 
erected very probably by a squatter, named Isaac Brewer, as early as 1842, on 
the fiirm of Abel Barnum. Brewer was an excellent man, and had suffered 
the misfortune of serving a short time in the Ohio Penitentiary for a crime 
committed by another man, who had contrived to saddle the responsibility and 
punishment upon him. He did not own the land, but was suffered to reside 
thereon, until several years after the county seat had been located at Albion. 
He cleared and put under cultivation about twenty acres, and was informed that 
he could live there until he chose to leave, which time was not far from 1850. 
He has a daughter now living at Kendallville. Jacob Cordell located on Sec- 
tion 19 about the year 1844. He was probably the first man to erect a dwel- 
ling in Albion Township, the land being owned by the builder. 

As stated elsewhere in this volume, the county seat was located at Albion, 
in 1846. Much of the land there had been entered by speculators, or after- 
ward purchased by them, as it was naturally supposed that the county seat 
would not be far removed from the center of the county. As soon as the cen- 
ter was selected by the Commissioners appointed to locate the county seat, some 
important changes were made in the ownership of the land ; and the center, 
which had previously been a wilderness, was visited by the curious and the 
speculative. Albion was laid out in November, 1846, by Samuel Hanna, 
William F. Engle, John L. White (by H. H. Hitchcock, his agent), Warren 
Chaflfee and James L. Worden, County Agent. The land laid out on Sections 
13 and 24, York Township, was owned by Samuel Hanna, William F. Engle, 
and John L White, each of whom owned an undivided one-third interest. Mr. 
Chaffee owned the land on Section 18, Jefferson Township, and Henry Harvey 
that on Section 19, same township. A portion of the town was at first laid out 
on Mr. Harvey's land, but he died about the time the work was in progress, 
and, owing to the unsettled condition of his estate, that portion of the village 



170 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

plat had to be vacated, and the street which had been projected from the west 
across the line on his land, was located several rods north to meet the street on 
the Jefferson side. His land was thus avoided. There was a difference of 
nearly three rods from where the Jefferson center line met the boundary be- 
tween the townships Jefferson and York and where the center line of the latter 
met the same boundary, the former point being north of the latter. This was 
why the western street was thrown north to meet the eastern Jefferson street. 
The village plat, then, as corrected, shows fifty lots laid out on Mr. Chaffee's 
land, and eighty- two lots and the court house square on the west side of the 
township line, on both Sections 13 and 24. The additions have been Harvey's, 
Prentiss', Denny's, Black's, Stewart's, Kimmel's, Bowen's, Sallady's, Baker's, 
Acus', Seneca, Tiffin, Harkins', Clark's, and one or two others. 

Not far from the same time, in about February, 1847, two dwellings were 
built, one by Mrs. Washburn, and the other by Isaac Swarthout. These were 
probably the first. During the same year (1847), the following citizens, among 
other.-!, probably located at the center, or Albion : Mr. Reynolds, William F. 
Engle, who built the American House (the present Worden House); David 
Monroe, who built quite a large structure in which to board the workmen who 
were employed on the court house; Judge Worden, who built where Dr. Lem- 
on now resides ; H. H. Hitchcock, who built the Franks House ; Dr. Will- 
iam Clark, Dr. Harkins, James Gillespie and Joshua Wade, a shoemaker. It 
is said that the Monroe boarding-house was owned by Ephraim Walters. Mrs. 
Washburn also kept boarders. During the summer and fall of 1847 there was 
a great rush into Albion, and a great demand was thus created for houses. 
There also came in, probably prior to January 1, 1848, Henry Bowman, Dan- 
iel Bowman, Erastus Spencer, William M. Clapp, Simeon Gillespie, Elijah 
Wright, Henry Barkelew, John McMeans, Jeremiah Low, Mr. Graden, and 
perhaps others. At the last-mentioned date, there were living in Albion at 
least seventy persons. In 1850, the population had reached about 250. 
County officers and lawyers appeared, and the court brought many strangers to 
the village. 

It has been said that the proprietors of Albion gave every third lot to the 
county in consideration of having the county seat located there. This, it is 
said, was why James L. Worden, as County Agent, was interested in the laying- 
out of Albion. The growth of the new county scat was at first very rapid 
until a population of about 350 was reached, after which period improvements 
took place only as the surrounding country became more populous. During 
the summer of 1847, S. T. Clymer, sub-contractor of the court house, brought 
a few hundred dollars' worth of a general assortment of goods to the village. 
This was the first stock offered for sale in Albion. Two or three years later, 
he was succeeded by Dutton & Clymer, and they, in turn, by Clymer & Miller. 
Spencer & Barkelew, merchants, appeared about this time ; also Clapp & 
Hitchcock. Since that time the following, among others, have been in busi- 



TOWN OF ALBION. 171 

iiess in Albion : Dry goods — Day & Gulp, Clark & Bronson, Black & Zimmer- 
man, Owen Black, Black & Son, Phillips k Walters, Black & Foster, Black & 
Son, Love & Black, J. D. Black, Black Brothers at present, Prentiss & Gosper 
(about 1861), Nelson Prentiss, Prentiss & Trump, Prentiss, Trump & Mc- 
Means, Trump & McMeans, Prentiss & Landon, W. M. Glapp, Clapp & Phil- 
lips, Clapp, Phillips & White, Phillips & White, C. B. Phillips, Moltz 
& Bayer, D. E. A. Spencer, Charles Moltz, Worden & Son, grocers ; Adams, 
Palmer & Co., at present ; Markey & Walters, Frank Clapp, at present ; 
Hamlin & Jourdan, grocers; Moltz & Hadley, S. J. Hadley, Adam Kimmel, 
Sloan & Tidball, W. K. Knox, agricultural implements ; F. Buetner, clothing; 
druggists, Norman & George Teal, Henry Stoney, Alfred Stoney, Leonard & 
Denny, Dr. Cox, Barnet & Dunshee, Dunshee & Leonard, Leonard & 
Skinner, Skinner & Mendenhall, Mendenhall & White, Gray & Spencer. F. 
D. Spencer, Hamlin & Skinner and R. L. Stone, the last two at present. The 
Kimmels were in with hardware at an early day. Of course Albion has been 
represented from the first by the usual number of mechanics, artisans, profes- 
sional and business men and numerous miscellaneous shops and pursuits. 

George Powers, at quite an early day, began manufacturing shingles on a 
small scale. Jacob Bruner opened a cabinet shop as early as 1850. Various 
specimens of his workmanship may yet be seen in private dwellings in Albion. 
Elmer Dakan erected a shop in about 1854, and began making wagons. A few 
years later, Alpheus .Tacquays undertook the same pursuit. John McMeans 
began a general pottery business in 1855, coming from Port Mitchel, where he 
had followed the same occupation. He continued the business in Albion nearly 
three years, turning out milk crocks, jugs, pots, pitchers, etc., but the enter- 
prise proved unprofitable, as no suitable clay could be found near the village. 
Mr. McMeans and (3wen Black burned brick in an early day. Elijah Wright 
burned brick in Albion in 1848. George Harvey burned the brick 
for the court house — the one standing at this writing. Mr. Reynolds, 
in about 1848 or 1849, built a hotel on the south side, where he sold 
liquor. In about 1851, Joshua Wade erected a hotel on the southeast corner, 
where the hardware store is now standing. In June, 1867, Singrey & Hass 
opened a sash, blind and door factory. Some time afterward. Mr. Hass was 
killed by being caught in the machinery in some manner. His head was hor- 
ribly crushed, leaving his brain exposed, and permitting a portion to escape. 
Some time after this sad event, Mr. Eby became the partner of Mr. Singrey. 
Michael Beck began manufacturing wagons in 1860, and once in awhile turned 
out a buggy. In 1864, J. E. Huffman became his partner, and after this the 
business was greatly increased, continuing until about 1872. They manufact- 
ured as high as forty vehicles in one year. This was one of the most extensive 
enterprises ever in Albion. In 1876, William Dressel, of TiflSn, Ohio, erected 
a large brick building, intending it for a sash and door factory ; but his peculiar 

and untimely death caused the enterprise to collapse at the time of its incep- 

II 



172 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

tion. The building cost about $4,000, and is standing unoccupied. In 1862, 
Owen Black erected the grist-mill now running in the northern part of town . 
The building was immediately rented to Fisher Brothers, who placed therein 
three sets of bulirs, and the other necessary machinery for grinding all kinds of 
grain. This mill has had a peculiar history. It has been sold and repurchased 
three times by Mr. Black. Each time Mr. Black would fit it up in excellent 
shape, and sell it at a good round figure ; and then, after the buyers had tried 
the business and failed, he would buy it back for half he sold it for, and again 
fit it up to be sold. In this manner he cleared several thousand dollars. 
Askew & Miller now own it, and from appearances Mr. Black will not have 
another opportunity to clear several thousand dollars after the old fashion. The 
mill at present is furnishing excellent flour. In 1863, Mr. Black built a saw- 
mill close to his grist-mill. The saw-mill was rented, and has passed through 
a checkered career. Henry Shirk has been manufacturing carriages quite 
extensively for the last two years. Mr. Sim Conkle, a first-class workman, has 
charge of the painting department. Their shop is the old schoolhouse. In 
1876, Harvey & Eby built a sash and door factory near the depot. Mr. Eby 
left the partnership two years ago. Mr. Harvey has been manufacturing 
staves for butter kegs. He is now making " Hogan's Propeller," a churn, pat- 
ented by Mr. Hogan. Mr. Harvey has the exclusive right of sale in the 
United States. In 1875, Baughman, Ilyter & Co. erected a brick foundry in 
the southeastern part of town. Here they remained until 1878, doing an 
extensive amount of general repair work, in the meantime manufacturing two 
fine engines, one of which is now used in the same building. A business of over 
$3,000 was done annually. In 1878, the partnership was divided, Mr. Baugh- 
man taking the machinery, and Mr. Hyter, the building, etc. Mr. Baughman 
is yet in the same business near the depot. He has lately invented an ingenious 
and valuable safety railroad signal lamp, also a self-extinguishing lamp. After 
the dissolution of the partnership, Baughman, Hyter & Co., Mr. Ilyter began 
the milling business with Mr. Ludlow, under the name, Ludlow & Hyter. The 
old foundry building was fitted up with four runs of stone, and the 
building has since been known as a grist-mill. Charles Boetcher, in 
August, 1880, purchased Mr. Ludlow's interest. Thus the partnership 
remains. R. B. Stone and E. J. Thompson, railroad men, are operating one 
of the finest saw-mills in the county. They are now preparing heavy railroad 
lumber, mostly for the roads west of Chicago. Some thirty " hands " are at 
work in the various departments of this mill. Large tracts of land are being 
stripped of timber. Harron Brothers are aj; present operating a saw-mill near 
the depot. 

Among the tavern keepers in Albion have been Michael Coou, Mr. Rey- 
nolds, Isaac Swarthout, Joshua Wade, Jeremiah Low, William F. Engle, Al- 
fred Jacquays, James Wright, Mr. Trussell, Charles Woodruff, Mr. Russell, 
Mr. Worden, J. H. Bliss, Eli Dice, John Sloan, Thomas Salsgiver, Samuel 



V, 





.,.,/im.''Mf <0S: 



~'^:^. 




^cr-><^-^zr, (S^Z^^^^ 




COUNTY AUDITOR 



TOWN OF ALBION. 175 

Salladay, Haggarty & Bryant, Austin Jennings, Henry Tuck and Hiram 
Bradley. Among the physicians have been Drs. Clark, Harkins, Boetcher, 
Spencer (two), Dunshee, Barnet, D. W. C. Denny, Cox, Nimmons, Wheeler, 
Leonard, Lemon, Hays, Pickett and Martin. Among the liverymen have been 
John Sloan, John Bliss, William Coon, Stoops & Greenman, John Walters, 
Ed. Engle and Stoops & Hart. Among the Postmasters have been William F. 
Engle (perhaps Clapp or Hitchcock), Abel Warner, Nelson Prentiss, A. J. 
Kimmel, John Hiskey, James Evans, John De Camp, James Evans, Emma 
Jane Douglas, William Snyder, A. J. Kimmel and Isaac Mendenhall. 

The Sons of Temperance instituted a lodge in Albion not far from the 
year 1852. The life of the organization was brief and short. The " Wash- 
ingtonians " were present for a short period. The Good Templars have had 
one, and perhaps two, organizations in town. Albion, for many years, was one 
of the pleasantest towns in Northern Indiana, in which to reside. But little 
drinking was indulged in, scarcely a drunken man being seen on the street. 
There is more liquor consumed in the town at present than ever before. The- 
fines for drunkenness and the license paid by the liquor dealers are at present, 
an important source of revenue. 

In 1875, W. M. Clapp began a general private banking business under 
the name " The Bank of Albion," continuing until his death in January, 1881. 
The business was then closed ; but, as soon as the books and the estate could 
be settled, Charles M. Clapp, in September, 1881, again opened the bank for 
the transaction of business. 

The Masonic Lodge at Albion, known as Albion Lodge No. 97, F. & 
A. M., was instituted in February, 1853, by S. D. Bayless, Deputy Grand 
Master of the State of Indiana. The charter members were Leander B. 
Eagles. Nelson Prentiss, Jacob Stage, Hosea Gage, J. W. Leonard, D. W. C- 
Teal and William M. Clapp. The first oflicers were : Nelson Prentiss, W. M. ; 
Jacob Stage, S. W. ; Leander Eagles, J. W. ; Hosea Gage, S. D. ; William M. 
Clapp, Secretary. The charter is dated the 25th of the following May. The- 
hall rented by the lodge was dedicated by Dr. Collins, on the 27th of June„ 
185-3. At the time " The Pinery " was burned, nearly all the lodge property- 
was destroyed. Considerable money was lost by other misfortunes, until the 
present financial condition is not as good as might be expected. The present 
officers are : James Roscoe, W.M. ; J. A. Hamlin, S. W. ; Ezekiel Teagarden, 
J. W. ; William Trump, S. D. ; A. J. Doular, J. D. ; C. B. Phillips, Secreta- 
ry ; George Hines, Treasurer, and S. M. Foster, Tiler. Out of the territory 
covered by this lodge have been instituted lodges at Ligonier, Avilla, Wolf 
Lake, Kendallville and Churubusco. 

North Star Lodge, No. 380, 1. 0. 0. F., was instituted September 13, 1871, 
by District Deputy Grand Master J. B. Kimball, under a dispensation from 
W. H. De Wolf, G. M. of the Grand Lodge of the State of Indiana. The 
charter members were Eden H. Fisher, Isaac Mendenhall, William Z. Holver- 



176 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

stoll, Hollabert H. Brown and William C. Williams. The first officers were 
William C. Williams, N. G. ; Eden H. Fisher, V. G. ; Isaac Mendenhall, 
Treas. ; W. Z. Holverstoll, Sec. The total number of members admitted since 
the institution of the lodge is sixty-four. Of these, three have died, many 
have moved away and joined other lodges, some have been dropped for non-pay- 
ment of dues, and some have been expelled. There are now in active member- 
ship thirty-nine — as many or more than at any one time since the organization 
of the lodge. The financial condition of the lodge is good. It has invested in 
ball furniture $425, and in regalia $75. It also has on hand and at interest 
$345.49 general fund, and $113.02 orphan fund. It is slowly and steadily 
growing, both financially and in membership, and promises to be soon one of the 
strong lodges of the State. Its present officers are : D. C. Baughman, N. G. ; 
Charles Boetcher, V. G. ; E. F. Coats, Rec. Sec. ; Ed. P. Ray, Per. Sec. ; 
Piatt B. Bassett, Treas. The lodge has expended by way of relief up to De- 
cember, 1880, $237.80. 

At the March term of the County Commissioners, in 1874, a petition, 
signed by seventy-eight qualified voters of Albion, was presented them, praying 
as follows that the village of Albion might be incorporated : 

The undersigned qualified voters of Albion, "Noble County, Indiana, would respectfully 
petition your honorable body to issue .an order declaring that so much territory of Albion Town, 
ship, of said county and State, as is embraced within the map and survey hereunto annexed, be 
organized as the " Incorporated Town of Albion," under the following bounds ; The northwest 
quarter of Section I'.l, Township 31, Range 10 ; southwest quarter of Section 18, Township 34, 
Range 10; west half of northeast quarter of Section 19, Township 34, Range 10; northeast quar- 
ter of Section 24, Township 34, Range 9 ; southeast quarter of Section 13, Towuship 34, Range 
9 ; and out-lots 1, 2, 3, 4 and .5, Section 13, Township 34, Range 9, in Clark's Addition to the 
town of Albion. 

In accordance with the prayer of the petitioners, the Commissioners 
ordered an election to be held on the 24th of March, 1874, to ascertain the 
will of the citizens as to the incorporation of the village. At the June term 
(1874) of the Commissioners, James Greenman, John H. Bliss and Franklin 
B. Kiblinger, Inspectors of the Election, reported that eighty-five votes had 
been cast for the incorporation of Albion, and forty-four against the same ; 
whereupon the Commissioners, on the 8th of June, 1874, ordered the creation 
of the "Incorporated Town of Albion." Notice was issued that, on the 2-Sd 
of June, 1874, an election of town officers would be held at the court house. 
On this occasion, Alexander Fulton, Sherman J. Hadley and Jacob J. Fischer 
were elected Town Trustees, and Merritt C. Skinner, Clerk, Treasurer and 
Assessor. At the first regular meeting of the Board of Trustees, Peter A. 
Sunday was chosen Town Marshal, and at the second meeting Thomas M. 
Eells was chosen Town Attorney. A town seal was ordered obtained on the 
6th of July, and at the same and subsequent called meetings various town ordi- 
nances were adopted. Sidewalks were petitioned for and built, thus supplying 
a convenience and want that could not be satisfied by voluntary action on the 



TOWN OF ALBION. JYJ 

part of property owners. It is proper to add here that a number of prominent 
citizens stubbornly opposed the incorporation of the village from the start for 
reasons best known to themselves. But the friends of the measure were' too 
numerous, and. when the opening of the B., P. & C. Railroad gave Albion a 
decided "boom," and gave the citizens assurance that the county seat was 
fixed beyond a doubt (a circumstance in doubt previously), it was thought best 
to have a municipal government, and Albion was thus incorporated. Subse- 
quent events have proved the wisdom of the majority. The first sidewalk peti- 
tioned for was the one on the west side of Orange street, from Main street to 
the depot. This was on the 27th of August, 1874. 

The first term of school in Albion was taught during the winter of 1847- 
48, by Ephraim Walters, in a small log house owned by himself, and located on 
the west side of South Orange street. He had enrolled about twenty scholars 
and taught three months. Miss Kedsie taught a short term during the follow- 
ing summer. By this time, the rush into Albion had become so great that 
about sixty scholars were ready to attend during the winter of 1848-49 Abel 
Barnum and his wife were accordingly employed to direct this large flock of in- 
nocents. The session was held in a log house owned by Mr. Pepple During 
tlie autumn of 1849, a small frame schoolhouse was built in Albion by Samuel 
Devenbaugh. A young man named Abel Warner, who had been clerking in 
the store of Glapp & Hitchcock (?), was employed to teach in this house during 
the winter of 1849-50. This building, which is yet standing, adjoining the 
residence of Nelson Prentiss, was used continuously until 1863, when thelar<re 
two-storied frame building, now occupied as a carriage factory by Henry Shirk' 
was constructed by James Prouty, at a cost of about $1,500. Abel Warner 
was also the first teacher in this house. Here school was held until the pres- 
ent building was erected in 1876. Two teachers were employed as early as 
1848-49; but after that, and until about 1858, one teacher, save in a few ex- 
ceptional cases, was capable of managing the attendance. Assistants have been 
added from time to time since the last mentioned date, until the instructors at 
present number six. In 1849, at the time the first schoolhouse was built, a 
number of the citizens, headed by William F. Engle, wished the house located 
m the northern part of the village; while another partv, at the head of whom 
was Isaac Swarthout, insisted on having it built southeast of the court house 
Considerable feeling was incited by the opposition of the two Actions; but at 
ast the Swarthout party gained the victory, and decided the question of loca- 
tion. At the time Albion Township was created, another mild outbreak oc- 
curred regarding the division of the school fund of the Townships York and 
Jefferson. Albion Township, having been created from those townships 
claimed a share of their school fund, and was awarded a portion on the basis of 
population in the sections stricken off to form the new townshio as compared 
with that of the remainder of those townships. The question arose as to 
whether the new township had any just claim to the school fund arisin.. from 



178 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

the sale or rent of the lands of Section 16 in those townships ; and, if the 
writer is correctly informed, the right to a portion of such fund was denied Al- 
bion Township. , , , „ , • 

Durin- the last few months of the year 1875, the old schoolhouse having 
become diirpi.lated and dangerous, the citizens began discussing the propriety 
of constructing a new and better one. Nearly all the citizens were at this 
time in favor of the project, or at least were neutral. The Scliool Trustees se- 
lected a site for the building on the land of Owen Block ; but, owing either to 
some alterations in the price of the land, or some alleged imperfections in the 
deed of transfer, or both, they withdrew from the partially-formed contract, and 
purchased for $1,100 the lots where the school building now stands. As soon 
as this purchase became known, and it became apparent that the School Trust- 
ees expected town bonds to be issued whereby to pay the expense of construct- 
ing a costly brick schoolhouse, a decided division in public opinion became man- 
ifest A number of prominent and wealthy citizens, upon whom much of the 
burden of taxation would fall, stubbornly opposed the project, possibly trom 
partly private, personal or pecuniary motives. Their real reasons remain to 
this day a matter of speculation. A little later, they brought suit in the Cir- 
cuit Court to enjoin the collection of a certain school fund which might be ap- 
plied toward the construction of the proposed house, but they were defeated. 
Just before the contract for building the house was let, a meeting of those op- 
posed to the scheme was called at the court house, and numerous dis- 
couraging speeches were delivered to a room full of citizens. A paper was 
circulated and signed by nearly twenty opposers ; but the list was afterward 
increased to more than forty. Still, the majority were not shaken in tlieir .de- 
termination to build the house. The Town Board at this time were William 
Trump J J. Fischer and Owen Black. The School Trustees were Dr. W. Y. 
Leonard William S. Riser and C. A. Howard. The contract for building the 
house was let to John Lichtenberger, of Fort Wayne, and T. J. Tolan & Son 
also of Fort Wayne, were the architects. The contract price was $15,dUU, 
Work was immediately begun on the house, and the Town Board was asked to sell 
$17 000 worth of the corporation's bonds to defray the entire expense. At this 
stage the opposition sued out an injunction to restrain the Town Trustees from 
issuin-. the bonds ; but, although the question of the. right of the Town Trust- 
ees to pass an ordinance authorizing the negotiation and sale of bonds of the 
corporation to defray the expense of constructing a school building was taken 
first to the Circuit Court and thence to the Supreme Court, the case, in both 
instances, was decided adversely to the plaintiff. This was about the last stand 
made by the opposition. Town bonds to the amount of $17,000 were ordered 
printed and sold, that sum being considered necessary to cover the cost of the 
house the cost of the land, and some miscellaneous expense. The bonds were 
issued in sums of $250 and $500, bearing 8 per cent interest payable semi-an- 
nually, and were strictly 5-20 bonds. They were sold in various localities, 




COUNTY HECORDER 



TOWN OF ALBION. 179 

some in New York City, some in Ohio, and some to persons in diflferent por- 
tions of Indiana. None of the bonds have been taken up, although the inter- 
est is promptly paid when due. Owing to the opposition to the sale of the 
bonds, and the distrust thereby incited, those first issued were sold at a slight 
discount. This caused a loss of several hundred dollars to the town. 

The several law-suits growing out of the schooihouse question cost the 
town nearly $1,500 ; this expense was covered by the bonds. The terms of 
the contract were not complied with by the contractor, who fraudulently 
reduced the height of the upper story about nine inches, cut down the size of 
the upper windows, and failed to put the plaster on in the required manner. 
The fraud was discovered almost by accident by Dr. Leonard almost at the 
last moment. The work was permitted to go on until completed, and then the 
School Trustees at first refused to accept the building. This they were advised 
to do by the architect, who had himself failed to discover the error during the 
work of construction. The contractor became a beggar and importuned the 
Trustees to have mercy, and finally the building was accepted at a reduction of 
about $900. 

TOWN OKUINANCE NO. 23. 

Whereas. The town of Albion has a voting population of less than sixteen thousand, as 
shown by the votes cast for Governor at the last regular election, and, whereas, the said town 
has an indebtedness of $17,000, evidenced by bonds to that amount issued for the purpose of 
purchasing ground and erecting thereon and completion of a schooihouse owned by said town, 
and said indebtedness being now due at the option of said town, and all bearing interest at the 
rate of 8 per cent per annum, payable semi-annually. 

Now, therefore, for the purpose of funding said indebtedness of said town, and for the 
purpose of reducing the present rate of interest on said indebtedness, the following ordinance 
be enacted : 

Section 1. Be it ordained by the Board of Trustees of the town of Albion, in special ses- 
sion assembled, that for the purpose aforesaid, the said town do issue its bonds, with coupons 
attached, to the amount of $17,000, said bonds to be of the denomination of $500 each, num- 
bered from one to thirty-four, inclusive, payable twenty years after the date thereof, bearing in- 
terest at the rate of 6 per cent per annum, payable semi-annually, interest payable at the First 
National Bank of the city of New York, in the State of New York, on presentation and delivery 
of coupons, said bonds to be redeemable and payable at the pleasure of said town after the ex- 
piration of five years from the date thereof, and further that all of the several bonds authorized 
by this ordinance bear date of January 1, A. D. 1882, and the interest coupons be due and 
payable on the 1st day of January and -luly of each year. 

Section 2. That said bonds and coupons shall be in the following form to wit : 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, STATE OF INDIANA, 

TOWN OF ALBION. 
.NUMBER. I I DOLLARS. 
/ \ $500. 

FUNDING BOND. 

Twenty years after date, the town of Albion, in the county of Noble, in the State of Indi- 
ana, promises to piy to the bearer at the First National Bank of the city of New York, in the 
State of New York, |50U, with interest thereon at the r.ite of 6 per cent per annum, payable 
semi-annually at the same place, upon presentation and delivery of the proper coupons herewith 
attached, without any relief from valuation or appraisement laws of the State of Indiana. This 
bond is redeemable at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees of said town after five years from 



180 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

the (late hereof, by said Board of Trustees giving notice to said bank, at the time of payment of 
any coupon, of their intention to do so at the maturity of the next succeeding coupon. 

This bond is one of a series of $17,000 in denomination of $.500 each, authorized by the 
said town by an ordinance passed and approved by the Board of Trustees thereof, on the 8th 
d:iT of December, 1881, entitled "Town Ordinance No. 23, in relation to the issuing of bonds of 
the incorporated town of Albion, Noble County, for the purpose of funding the outstanding bonds 
of said town " 

In witness whereof the said Board of Trustees of the town of Albion, Indiana, have caused 
this bond and coupons thereof to be signed by its President and attested by its Clerk, and the 

seal of said town hereto attached, at the town of Albion, this the day of 1881. 

. . President. 

Attest. Clerk. 

It may not be improper to state at this point that the growth of Albion 
has been very much retarded by the hick of public spirit shown by some of its 
leading men. Capital from abroad has often sought investment, but has been 
prevented by the peculiar conduct of these men. Land upon which to erect 
business blocks could not be purchased at any price, and at Albion could be 
seen represented the sad. though familiar, spectacle of the dog in the manger. 
Better things are expected in the future. 

The present Presbyterian society at Albion was organized on the 16th of 
December, 1848, by Revs. E. Bascom and A. H. Kerr. The first members 
were Erastus Spencer, Amanda M. Spencer, Adaline Wade, William Crispell, 
Sarah Crispell, Catharine Coon, Andrew Woodward, Polly A. Basset, Lucia 
Basset, E. M. Wright, Abigail Wright and Isaac Arnold. William Crispell 
became Ruling Elder. Of the above first members, Lucia Basset is the only 
one now living. The accessions to the society have been gradual, the greatest 
membership being seventy, about three years ago. The present membership is 
sixty-three, and the average, since 1848, about forty. Services were first held 
in the court house, but, later, in the Lutheran Church, toward the construction 
_ of which the Presbyterians contributed several hundred dollars. The present 
Presbyterian Church was constructed during portions of the years 1875 and 
1876. The total cost, including the furnishings and the land, was about 
$7,100. The work was begun in August, 1875, and the house was dedicated 
November 12, 1876, by Rev. James Pollock, of Tiffin, Ohio. The ministers in 
charge of the society have been E. Bascom, Mr. Snyder, William Boner 
(about eight years, beginning in 1851), Charles A. Munn, S. V. McKee, 
J. P. Moore (from near the close of the war until about five years ago), 
Preston McKinney (four years), and G. W. Barr, a young man of fine ability 
and promise, at present. This is the strongest society in town. 

The Evangelical Lutheran society was organized in April, 1848, by Rev. 
J. Siedle, the first members being Phillip Bowman and wife, David Bucher 
and wife, Henry Bowman and wife, Stephen Pratt and wife, James Pepplo and 
wife, and Abraham Hosier and wife. The pastors have been Revs. G. A. 
Exline, J. Siedle, G. Walker, R. L. Delo, J. H. Hoffman, J. N. Barnett, J. 
Boon, Sink, William Waltman, W. H. Keller, B. F. Stultz, 0. W. Bowen 



TOWN OF ALBION. 181 

and J. Shaffer. For many years, during the early history of the society, it 
was the strongest in membership in town. The first church was built by them 
in 1855. From that on, for a number of years, four different denominations 
met regularly in. this house. The church is said to have cost $1,200. Considerable 
assistance was furnished by the other societies, with the understanding that they 
were to have the use of the house at stated periods. This building is yet occu- 
pied by the Lutherans. The above facts of the Lutheran society were furnished 
the writer by Mr. James Pepple. Elder Blanchard, of Wolcottville, established 
a Baptist society in about the year 1849, but the doctrine of salvation by the 
water route was accepted by only a few, who, after a few years, dispersed and 
joined other societies. Mr. Pepple says the Methodists organized the first class 
at Albion very early in the year 1818. Unfortunately, the writer was unable 
to learn the eai'ly history of this society. Mr. Spencer thinks the class was 
formed during the autumn of 1847, and that the parsonage was begun that 
year, but is not certain. Rev. Stout is said to have been the first pastor, and 
Rev. Hall the second. The class started out with a small membership, and at 
first met in the court-room, but finally used the Lutheran Church. The follow- 
ing have been the ministers since 1861, from records furnished by Mr. Wood- 
ruff: Rev. Nash (before 1861), Revs. Sell, Ayers, Barnard, J. M. Mann, J. S. 
Sellers, H. L. Nickerson, J. W. Smith, William Comstock, W. B. Graham, C. 
H. Wilkinson, James Greer, and J. W. Smith. In 1861, the membership did 
not exceed twenty, and has never been more than fifty. Probably the average 
is not far from thirty. The society has paid its minister from $100 to $260 
per year, Albion being one of four points (formerly six) attended by him. The 
Methodist Church was built in 1875, at a cost of $3,000, about one-third of the 
amount being furnished by members of other churches and outsiders. The 
last of this was paid off two years ago. In 1874, when the new railroad was 
opened, the Methodists ran an excursion to Chicago, and cleared over $700 
cash. This helped them out with their church wonderfully. Some two years 
later, they also, by the same means, cleared about $300. 

The United Brethren organized a society, probably in 1867, among whom 
were the following members: Samuel Woodruff, Emma (Woodruff) Black, Dr. 
C. Woodruff, Jane Woodruff, John Decamp, Deborah Decamp, Samuel De- 
camp and Elizabeth Decamp. There were five or six others. This society was 
really formed from the class of the Wesleyan Methodists. It was organized by 
Rev. George Wansbrow. Among the ministers have been Revs. Prouty, Jacob 
Albright, E. Johnson, Joseph Bechtel, J. V. Terflinger, L. Morrison, D. D. 
Bowman. J. G. Knotts and E. Seithman. The lot for the parsonage was fur- 
nished by Emma Black and that for the church by Charles Woodruff. The 
present church was built, and $600 was raised by subscription on the day of 
dedication. The average membership is about thirty and probably has not 
exceeded fifty. 

In 1874, Father Duehmig, of Avilla, began raising money to build a Cath- 



182 HISTOKY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

olic Church at Albion. In 1875, the building was erected at a cost of about 
352,000. The leading contributors were William Storey and John Morehouse, 
Sr. The congregation numbers some fifteen families. Father Duehmig was 
pastor until 1878, when he was succeeded by Father Franzen, who remained for 
one year. Father Ege, of Girondot Settlement, has had charge of the society 
since. Fathers Duehmig and Ege are both prominent and able men. Perhaps 
Father Duehmig has done more than any other living man to build up the Cath- 
olic cause in Northern Indiana. 

In about the year 1854, Rev. Bell organized a class of Wesleyan Method- 
ists, east of town, at the Harvey Schoolhouse. This class, at first, consisted 
of George Harvey, Mary Harvey, Thomas Beyner, Jane Beyner, John Bailey 
and Susan Bailey. Others were afterward added. The class met in the old 
schoolhouse and occasionally in the court room at Albion, and at last, for about 
two years preceding the erection of their church, in the U. B. Church at Al- 
bion. In 1877, their brick church was constructed, the cost amounting to 
about $2,300. The Harvey family paid of this about $600. Among the min- 
isters of this society have been Revs. Bell, Charles Wiggins, Paxtnn, Bassett, 

Henry Stoney, Armstrong, Teeter, Jesse Hyatt, Hyatt, Aaron Worth, 

and the present pastor, Mr. Northam. The average membership has been 
about twenty ; present membership, about thirty. 

' Albion has been visited by many disastrous fires. The following is an 
approximation of the losses : 

Sidle House, 1857 $500 

Court House, 1859 Indefinite. 

Barns owned by Knox & Edwards, after the war 300 

Owen Black, S. M. Foster, Leonard & Denny, Nelson Prentiss, Mr. Stephens, Mr. 
Munn, Dick Spencer, Mr. Haas, William Baughman and others, in the spring of 

1867 20,000 

W. R. Knox, Fogleson & Stoops, Scott & Shessler and others, December 11, 1877 2,500 

W. M. Clapp, R. L. Stone, Marquardt & Smith, Moltz & Hadley, Dr. W. B. Olds, Ma- 
sonic Lodge, .J. D. Black, John McMeans, Denny & Kiblinger, W. L. Hoff, Denlar 
& Frazurc, .J. C.Wolf, Nelson Prentiss, Fulton & Easterday, Samuel Freeman and 

others, Sunday morning, April 11, 1878 23,000 

B. .Si 0. Elevator, .lune 4, 1878 2,500 

Owen Black, .J. D. Black, S. S. Fitch, C. B. Phillips, S. .T. Hadley, B. F. Frazure, J. M. 

Denny. John McMeans and others, July 20, 1879 24,000 

Adam Kimmel, W. W. White, J. B. Prouty, Mr. Franks, Alexander Fulton and others, 

September 24, 1879 2,500 

Post office, etc., July 17, 1880 2,400 

W. M. Clapp, C. B. Phillips, Charles H. Moltz, Bank of Albion, Adelphian Dramatic 

Company, P. A. Sunday and others, October 7, 1880 21,000 

Dr. Lemmon, summer of 1881 9,000 

Grand total, excluding court house |107,70O 

Owen Bl.ick's loss, about 32,000 



CHAPTER X. 



BY JAMES M. DENNY. 



Jefferson Township— First Families— Journey to the West— Indians— Pio- 
neer Industries— ORGANizATiON-CHURcnES— Schools— Incidents— Ag- 
riculture — Antiquities— Manners and Customs— Cemeteries— Stock- 
Raising. 

IN this brief sketch, the writer acknowledges his indebtedness for many facts 
therein contained to Jehu Foster, Mitchell Potts, Alfred Skinner, Abram 
Carey, Mrs. John Ely, Frederick Acres, Luther Spencer, D. E. A. Spencer, 
James Sweet, John W. Moorhouse and others, who were all among the early 
settlers of the township. Much is necessarily omitted here which will appear 
in the biographical sketches and general history of the county, now being writ- 
ten. 

The first land entered in the township was the northeast quarter of Sec- 
tion 5, by a man named Miller, and now constitutes a part of the large farm 
owned by William Huston. The first white settler was David Herriman, who, 
with his family, came from Richland County, Ohio, early in the year 1836, 
and entered and settled on the northeast quarter of Section 12. He lived 
thereon about one year, and sold it to Samuel C. Spencer, who came from 
Huron County, Ohio, in 1838, and took possession of the same. Mr. Herri- 
man left the State immediately. Mr. Spencer resided there for many years, 
and sold it to George Harvey, the present owner. Mr. Spencer then pur- 
chased land one and a half miles southeast of Albion, upon which he resided 
until his death. It is now owned and occupied by his son, Luther Spencer. 
In October, 1836, Lewis Potts, Benjamin Potts, Jehu Foster, James Thomp- 
son and Manassa Thompson, from Richland County, Ohio, and James Skinner, 
from Huron County, Ohio, came with their fomilies, purchased and settled 
upon Sections 10 and 11, and made fine improvements upon the same. Of 
the above settlers, Lewis Potts, Benjamin Potts, Manassa Thompson and James 
Skinner died several years ago, on their respective farms, much lamented by 
all. Jehu Foster and James Thompson still reside on their first-made homes, 
surrounded in their declining years with peace and plenty. John Peabody, in 
the spring of 1839, purchased and settled on land in Section 1.5, where he 
resided until 18-48, when he sold it to Joseph B. Riddle, the present owner, 
and removed to Allen County, Indiana. Stephen Barhan came in 1837, and, 
being destitute of the means necessary to purchase land, he labored for James 
Skinner and others until the requisite amount was obtained, when he purchased 
the land upon which he now resides, which, by his unremitting industry, is at 
present one of the best-improved farms in the township. In 1838, John Call 
entered and settled upon the land now owned by John A. Singrey, at present 



184 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

one of the County Commissioners, sold the same and moved to Albion when 
the town was first laid out, and where he died about twenty-five years ago. 
Between the years of 1836 and 1838 (exact date not known), Alfred Martin, 
Martin Smith, John Grubb, Smith Ashley and Henry Carothers settled in the 
township, near the settlement above mentioned. The aforementioned James 
Skinner, Jehu Foster, Benjamin Potts and Lewis Potts first landed in the 
county at the cabin of Jackson Sawyer, in Wayne Township, adjoining the 
present site of the city of Kendallville, and about six miles northeast of their 
place of destination. Mr. Sawyer received them hospitably, and, in common 
with the rest of his few scattering neighbors, rendered them all the assistance 
possible. Here they left their families, goods and teams for about a week, 
while they were cutting roads to their land. For the first month they camped 
together on the land of Mr. Skinner, under shelter of a large oak, sleeping in 
their wagons and cooking by a log fire, during the time they were building their 
cabins and making the necessary preparations for housekeeping. At the rais- 
ing of these cabins there were present those living about eight or ten miles dis- 
tant. The cabins were built of small round logs, the cracks between them 
being "chinked and daubed" with clay, while the floor was of puncheons. 
They were furnished with bedsteads, tables, stools and other necessary 
articles of furniture, made from split puncheons and small saplings. They 
each cut down a few acres of timber "eighteen inches and under," girdling all 
over that size ; trimmed, piled and burned the brush, and cut the logs ready 
for rolling. From these "little patches" they raised enough corn, potatoes, 
buckwheat and "other truck" for their families the next year, depending 
mainly upon wild game for their meat ; and for their horses and cattle, chiefly 
on pastures in the summer and marsh hay and browse in the winter. Each 
family, we understand, brought but one wagon, and that loaded with only such 
articles of furniture, provisions, etc., that they deemed absolutely indispensable. 
The roads during most of their journey were new, rough and muddy, and they 
made slow progress, being from four to six weeks on their way. Most of the 
way the families walked, and drove the few cattle and sheep they brought with 
them, preferring this to riding over the rough roads. They generally stopped 
one day each week to rest and do their washing. Between the years of 1838 
and 1845, the following persons emigrated to this township, with their families : 
James Halfeerty, William Inscho, John Moorhouse, Benjamin Melvin, Amos 
Black, Joseph B. Riddle, William Skeels, .John Barhan, Abram Carey, Jerome 
B. Sweet — who represented this county one term in the State Legislature — 
Abel Barnum, Henry Brewer, Joseph Ogle, John Cromer, Adam Sheffer, 
Adam Shafer, Lewis Cravens, Leonard Myres, J. FoUett, Samuel Rayner and 
Jacob Lamb. Among these early settlers, Joseph Ogle was counted a great 
hunter, and as one of his neighbors once expressed it, " When Joe Ogle looked 
through the sights and pulled trigger, something generally drapped." And 
according to the testimony of other of his old neighbors, a good many deer, 




/ey^^ ^. 



^ JEFFERSON TP. 



^-^^T?^ 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 185 

turkeys and squirrels, killed by him, '• drapped " into the larders of his neigh- 
bors who were not so successful in procuring these necessaries. But although 
Joseph's vision was by no means defective, in one instance his eyesight proved 
at fault. On account of the pressure of home duties his faithful old rifle had 
been permitted to hang upon the wooden hooks, nailed against the inner wall 
of his cabin, and consequently the supply of meat was not as plentiful as usual. 
So, late one afternoon, telling his wife that he would go to the woods and bring 
some venison, he started out, and, after traveling until twilight overtook him^ 
he saw before him, partly hidden by the brush, what he supposed to be a 
fawn, and the loncrer he looked the more he became convinced he was not 
deceived. He even saw the young deer cropping the tender blades of grass, 
and admired its beautiful spots. Feeling sui-e of some nice tender venison for 
breakfast, he raised his unerring rifle and fired, and to his great astonishment 
and consternation he heard a hideous piercing cry, and at the same time a huge 
lynx bounded about ten feet up a butternut tree, and sinking its long sharp 
claws into one of the limbs of the tree, hung there until it died, which, from 
the description of the wound, was in about a minute, but to the terror-stricken 
hunter seemed much longer. According to his best recollection, he then and 
there made the lengthiest and most fervent prayer of his life, besides consider- 
ing the probability of being called upon to exchange his rifle for a harp. But 
at last, to his great relief, the huge, savage animal relaxed its hold, and its 
lifeless body fell to the ground. Immediately the green fields "over there" 
faded from his vision, and all idea of becoming a harpist was abandoned, and 
he summoned the assistance of his neighbors in taking home his substitute for 
the " beautiful fawn." By honest, persevering industry, these early settlers 
managed to procure a competency of this world's goods. As the plan of the 
history forbids a more extended notice here, the reader is referred to the bio- 
graphical department ; and as the privations and hardships above enumerated, 
together with the brief allusions to the manners and customs already given of 
the few first settlers, are undoubtedly very similar to the experiences of those 
who followed them, their repetition here would be useless. We would remark, 
however, that from the best information obtainable, the pathway of the latter was 
in some respects smoothed by those who preceded them. In the expressive lan- 
guage of an early settler, " those who came first had gotten hold of the ropes, 
and could give them to those who came after." 

But the early settlers claim that these privations were largely compensato- 
ry. They point back to the sociability that existed in those days, when every 
man they met was a friend who stood ready to help them in time of need. They 
refer with evident pride and satisfaction to the spirit of equality existing in 
their little society; they tell us that their wants were less numerous then than 
now, and more easily satisfied. That broadcloths, silks and satins and costly 
diamonds were not then as now considered indispensable prerequisites to an en- 
trance into respectable society, and that consequently the labor in procuring 



186 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

the necessities of life was much less. Some of them claim that real cases of 
suffering from want were no more common then than now, and that they were 
able to raise their bread from their " little cleared patches," and, in case any 
were not, they were assisted in procuring it. " What," asked one of them, 
''was the use for us to go hungry when the earth brought forth, spontaneously 
and abundantly, wild fruits of various kinds, when the forest was full of wild 
game and the lake near us full of fishes?" Again, they refer us to the im- 
munity, in those days, that the young enjoyed from many of the evil and de- 
moralizing influences that surround those of the present, and, in short, they 
dwell upon those days with evident satisfaction and consider them the happiest 
of their lives. 

Jefferson Township is bounded on the north by the Township of Orange ; 
on the west by York and Albion ; on the south by Green, and on the 
east by Allen. It was organized in the spring of 1838 by the election of 
James Skinner, Lewis Potts and Jehu Foster, Trustees ; John Call, Justice ; 
and Alfred Martin, Constable. At this election, there were nine votes cast. 
These officers had no competitors. As the emoluments of the offices, at that 
time, were very small, or, as an old settler expressed it, " as there was no 
money in the treasury to steal, oflBce seekers were very scarce." These all had 
the implicit confidence of their neighbors, and were unanimously re-elected. 
The settlers usually got their grinding done at Stoufer's Mill, situated on the 
Elkhart River, two miles northwest of Goshen, in Elkhart County, a distance 
of about thirty-five miles. Several days were required to make the trip. Each 
load contained the grists of several neighbors. At that time and for many 
years after. Fort Wayne, about thirty miles distant, was their place of market. 
It took about three days to make the trip, as the roads were very rough and 
muddy, and the hills long and steep. Several went together, and joined teams 
in pulling through the deepest mud, and up the steepest hills. They took pro- 
visions for themselves and horses, and camped out at night. Their next trad- 
ing point was Kendallville, which it continues to be for the northeastern portion 
of the township ; and for the remaining portion Albion is the center point. 
Their first and only trading point in the township is a country store started by 
Ephraim Foster about fifteen years ago, in a part of his large farm dwelling 
house, and which is still kept by him. It consists of dry goods, groceries, no- 
tions and ready-made clothing, and proves to be a great convenience to the 
surrounding country, as well as profitable to the owner. The first saw-mill 
erected was by Samuel C. Spencer, in 1846, on a small stream called " Buck 
Creek," on Section 20, and on the farm now owned by his son, Luther Spen- 
cer. For a number of years, the sawing for several miles around was done at 
this mill ; but it is not now in operation. There are two others in the town- 
ship, however, now in operation, one owned by George Inscho, and situated at 
the geographical center thereof, and the other by Thomas Hudson, and situated 
near the southeast corner. Both are propelled by steam, and do a thriving 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 187 

business. There are no grist-mills in the township, and never have been. The 
first schoolhouse was erected in the southeast corner of that part of the farm 
of James Skinner lying north of the Albion and Kendallville road and directly 
west of the Union Church. It was small, built of small, round logs, covered 
with the old-fashioned clapboards which were held in place by weight-poles, and 
with a floor made of split puncheons. The chimney was built outside of the 
house with logs and " sticks," and the back wall of the fire-place with " nigger- 
heads." For seats were benches made of split logs, with the split side up, 
which through motives of humanity were divested of the largest splinters. The 
windows were made by cutting out the greater portion of one log on each side 
of the house, and pasting in greased paper in the place of glass. This usually 
afforded sufficient light when the house was not full of smoke. The balance of 
the furniture consisted of writing desks made by boring two-inch holes into the 
wall, into which were driven wooden pins, upon which planks were placed. 
The walls were ornamented with wooden pegs, upon which were hung the schol- 
ars' extra clothing and dinner baskets ; two, however, were reserved and sacred- 
ly set apart for the schoolmaster to keep his "gads" on. This structure 
served as a model for other districts for many years, until they erected frames. 
There are at present eleven schoolhouses in the township, and through the kind- 
ness of John W. Moorhouse, the present competent and efiicient Trustee, we 
have been furnished with the following, as t6 the time of their erection and 
materials used : District 1 (not learned), brick ; District 2, 1878, brick ; Dis- 
trict 3, 1871, frame ; District 4, 1868, frame; District 5, 1859, frame ; Dis- 
trict 6, 1880, brick ; District 7, 1872, brick ; District 8, 1879, brick ; District 
9, 1876 or 1877, brick; District 10, 1873 or 1874, brick ; District 11, 187-5 
or 1876, brick. 

The above information is as full as can be given, owing to the defective- 
ness of the records. As Mr. Moorhouse is very zealous in the cause of educa- 
tion, the three frame buildings will undoubtedly soon give way to substantial 
bricks. As the record is silent as to the cost, it is estimated that the average 
cost of the brick buildings is about $1,000. The schoolhouses are furnished 
with globes, charts, blackboards and other convenient and necessary appliances. 
The first school taught in the township was in a small cabin on the farm of 
David Ilerriman, in the winter of 1838, for the term of three months, by 
Orvin Watkins, of Orange Township. He was paid $1.50 per scholar. As it 
was the usual custom in those days for the teacher to "board round," in front- 
ier parlance, he lived like a "fightin' cock," for it was always known the 
week before where he would be the next, and as he was generally held next in 
importance to the preacher, great pains were taken to provide viands of a more 
delicious character than usual. Again, he always slept in the "high bed," 
which, as there was but one room in the cabin, was always curtained, in order 
to protect the stranger while retiring. 

The first sermon in the township was preached by Elder Spears, of the 



188 HISTORY OK NOBLE COUNTY. 

Close Communion Baptist Church, at a private house, very soon after the first 
cabins were erected. The ministers in the Western country in those days were 
generally missionaries, and made it their business to follow the new roads, be- 
lieving that their divine commission required them to go wherever sinners were 
to be found, and yellow-legged chickens crowed, even into the depths of the wild, 
gloomy forest. They always traveled on horseback, with "saddle-bags" under 
them, which contained a few articles of wearing apparel, notes of sermons and 
a Bible. And especially in this particular locality were they made welcome, 
as these settlers were all from moral neighborhoods, where the Gospel was reg- 
ularly dispensed every Sabbath. These, therefore, generally threw open their 
rude cabins for preaching in the winter and during bad weather in the summer, 
"God's first temples" being preferred in pleasant weather. This custom pre- 
vailed until schoolhouses were erected, which were afterward generally used. 
As hymn books were scarce, the preacher lined two lines of the hymn at a 
time. In place of a choir, there was a Clerk, whose duty it was to start tunes. 
We are told that neither time nor melody was particularly required, only that 
they "sung with thg spirit and understanding." Soon the pride of flome of 
the Clerks led them to "send East" and procure a tuning fork. As for in- 
strumental music, it was out of the question. True, some of the old settlers 
brought their fiddles with them; but in these, it was generally considered by 
the ministers, the devil made his headquarters; and while it is true that most 
of the churches in the township have organs and well trained choirs, still the 
introduction of instrumental music was necessarily slow and gradual, owing to 
the deep-seated prejudice of many of the churches against it. Not many years 
ago, a minister in an adjoining township, while the people were assembling, 
was observed to "look daggers" at the choir and organ; but, being a stranger 
in the neighborhood, said nothing until he arose to read the hymn, when his 
sense of propriety gave way to indignation, and he gave expression to it in the 
following language: "The choir will please fiddle a tune to hymn 289." But 
such prejudice seems to have fled with the wolves and Indians. Elder Spears 
preached in the neighborhood occasionally, and was succeeded, we believe, by 
Elder Blanchard, who also remained with them a number of years. This de- 
nomination has members residing in the township, but no regularly organized 
church. The next minister of the M. E. Church was named Miller, and at 
the close of his first sermon informed his congregation that exactly four years 
from that time he would preach to them again, and he punctually kept his 
appointment and preached to them several times afterward. The first church 
edifice erected in the township was Hartman Chapel, by the M. E. society, in 
1856, about one mile east of the residence of John Foster and on the Albion 
and Kendallville road. It is a frame structure, plain but commodious, in 
which religious services are held every two weeks. The church, we understand, 
is in a flourishing condition. The second church building, "Rehobeth," was 
erected by the Lutherans in 1857, a small, neat, frame house. The third was 





/-^l^ U^yT^ 



JEFFERSON TR 



yy?^AMl/ 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 191 

"Zion Chapel," a frame building, built by the U. B. denomination. It is sit- 
uated near the northeast corner of the township and is regularly used. The 
fourth was erected by the Old School Baptists, some ten years ago, about one 
and a half miles east of Albion. It is a frame, tasty and commodious, and is 
in constant use. The fifth and last, the " Union Church," was erected in 1876, 
situated north of the Kendallville and Albion road, directly opposite the Skin- 
ner Cemetery. It is a brick structure and cost about $3,000. In this all 
denominations have the privilege of worshiping. 

The population of the township in 1880 was 1,226. The total value of 
taxable property for the year 1881 is $598,770. There is one blacksmith shop 
in the township, belonging to Uriah Trumbo, at Baker's Corners, on the Avilla 
road. The first white settler in the township under five minutes of age was 
"little Johnny Andrews." His parents came from Huron County, Ohio, in 
the spring of 1837. Johnny landed at the house of his grandfather, Samuel 
C. Spencer, January 12, 1840. 

It is said that, on his arrival, he was received with greater hospitality, and 
had more kind attentions paid him, than had been given to any other early 
settler, and that his example in braving the hardships of the wilderness was 
imitated by many more immigrants of the same age, to that immediate neigh- 
borhood. 

The number of volumes in the township library is 230. The total amount 
of revenue for school purposes, for the year 1881, is $3,484.40. Amount of 
common fund expended since September 1, 1880, $1,981.70. Amount of 
special fund expended since September 1, 1880, $1,091.53. Average daily 
attendance of children in schools of the township for the year 1880, 229. 
Average length of schools taught within the year in days, 143. Total number 
of male pupils admitted in the schools within the year, 168 ; that of females, 
161. From the slight investigation recently made by amateur archaeologists, 
unmistakable evidences have been discovered of a once extensive settlement 
within the boundaries of Noble County of the pre-historic people called 
"Mound-Builders." Mounds have been found containing human skeletons, 
with ashes and charcoal, and in some instances implements and ornaments. In 
this township, a few mounds have been examined, with like results as above, 
and many more believed to exist. Those examined are situated near the east 
banks of the Sweet and Skinner Lakes. Another discovery about two years 
ago, in this township, was made by Mr. Lewis Seeley on his farm in Section 7, 
which seems to point back to a very remote period. In boring for water, and 
when at a depth of ninety-nine feet, the auger entered a piece of timber which, as 
evidenced by the auger chips, was in a sound state of preservation, and on the 
same evidence was pronounced pine. It is probably a portion of the glacial 
deposits of the great Mississippi Valley, brought down from the north by ice. 
From the time of the arrival of the first settlers, the Indians, until 1840, were 
numerous, and some traces of their trails are yet to be seen. During all that 

jj 



192 HISTORY OP NOBLE COUNTY. 

time they were peaceably disposed toward the white settlers, and, in fact, we 
have learned of but one incident that their conduct savored of barbarism. This 
is related by eye-witnesses as having occurred on the east bank of Sweet Lake. 
Late one pleasant afternoon, while one of the squaws with along wooden paddle 
was stirring a pot of hot mush, a little Indian boy annoyed her to such a degree 
as to give her passion control of her better judgment. Snatching the mush- 
besmeared paddle from the pot, she severely chastised the little red boy. The 
effect of this hot mush poultice upon the little naked denizen of the forest can 
be better imagined than described. It created quite a commotion in the camp, 
and in a few minutes after the painful occurrence, the loud screams of the 
frantic little sufferer had brought a large assembly of both sexes, who became 
very much enraged and cried for summary vengeance on the cruel offender. 
Some were in favor of blows, while others, more merciful, suggested the appli- 
cation of a poultice of the hot mush. As the witnesses left previous to the 
settlement of the vexed question, it is not certainly known what disposition 
was made of the cruel female. 

Perhaps there is no township in the county more attractive to the agricult- 
urist than this. It is gently rolling, with but very few marshes or swamps. 
The general character of the land is a rich black surface with a clay sub-soil, 
which produces excellent crops of wheat, oats and clover ; also peaches, apples, 
and various other kinds of fruits. It is, or was, covered with a large and valu- 
able growth of timber, such as black-walnut, poplar, oak, cherry, ash, beech, 
hard maple, etc. It is well improved, and perhaps no township in the county 
possesses a more thrifty set of farmers. A majority have large and comfortable 
dwellings, together with good barns and stable room, and, in short, all conven- 
iences and appliances possessed by the thrifty farmer. The soil shows as little 
evidence of impoverishment from the removal of mineral constituents by crops, 
as any township in the county ; such waste being generally carefully supplied 
each year by barnyard compost, and when this is not sufficiently abundant, 
resort is had to mineral fertilizers. For several years past, considerable atten- 
tion has been paid to the subject of drainage, and resort is being had to arti- 
ficial drainage where nature has left this important task unperformed. In visit- 
ing the various portions of the township, our attention is attracted by the rapid 
improvement in stock within the past few years. Many importations of the 
best blooded stock to be found are being made by farmers. The township is 
well watered by a considerable number of small streams and springs, that afford 
water for stock. All the stock in that early day was turned loose, and ran 
unrestrained in the woods. When wanted, they had to be hunted, the cows at 
least every evening. This task was usually performed by the smaller members 
of the family. Two sons of William Inscho, George and Hugh, the former 
twelve and the latter nine years of age, after about a year's experience, became 
adepts in the Indian art of telling the right direction when it was unknown. 
One afternoon, they started for their cow somewhat later than usual, and, just 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 193 

<after finding her and starting for home, darkness overtook them, and they were 
compelled to remain in the woods until morning. Rover, the faithful com- 
panion of all their forest rambles — a large, courageous black dog — was with 
them, as usual. Being unable to proceed further, they all lay down together 
— the boys, dog and cow. Egyptian darkness so thoroughly shut out every 
object from their vision, that the presence of the dog could only be determined 
by the friendly beating of his tail against their little bodies. The boys fell into 
a deep slumber, and were only once interrupted during the night, and then by 
the fierce growls of the faithful dog as he had chased away some animal which 
had approached them. At early dawn, they were awakened by "old whitey" 
and the fondling of Rover, who seemed to understand the responsibility that 
rested upon him in the care of his assumed charge. They started the cow, and 
by her were led homeward. The mother, who had spent a night of grief closely 
bordering on despair, in her close watch for the least sign of their coming, upon 
the first glimpse of their presence rushed to receive them in her arms, overjoyed 
at their rescue. The anxious father and several of his neighbors, who had 
spent the night in fruitless search, were called home by certain signals. There 
was joy and thanksgiving in the little household, and it is needless to say that 
the faithful dog then and during his life-time was fondly cared for. During 
those early times, as now, 

" Death rode on every passing breeze 
And lurked in every flower." 

Therefore, in a short time after the settlers had cleared spots for the rude 
cabins of the living, it became necessary to prepare one also for the windowless 
houses of the dead. In the year 1838, the death-angel made his first visit to 
this little colony, and mercilessly snatched the fairest little bud from the home 
of Alfred Skinner. At that time, no spot of earth in the township had beeu 
set apart for a burial place, and, after the death of his child, Mr. Skinner's 
brother, James, kindly tendered an elevated sandy spot on the northeast corner 
of his land, lying south of the Kendallville road, in which to deposit its 
remains. In a short time, another of his little children, as if to relieve the 
loneliness of the first, was laid by its side. This spot was shortly afterward 
dedicated exclusively to the burial of the dead. It is one of the most beautiful 
cemeteries in the county. It is filled with beautiful marble slabs and monu- 
ments, two or three of which cost about $500 each. Some of these point back 
to the earliest scenes of the township, and pour into the ears of the writer the 
sad and solemn story of the final rest of the old pioneers. There is one other 
cemetery in the township, near Rehobeth Church, which was established many 
years after the one above described. It is neatly arranged, and also contains 
many beautiful marble tombstones. 



CHAPTER XI. 

BT WESTON A. GOODSPKBD. 

Orange TowNsniP— Interesting Facts of the Early Settlement— Earlt 
Pioneers— Incidents in the Backwoods— Saw-Mills, Grist-Mills, Tan- 
neries, Woolen Factories, Etc.— Rome City and the Reservoir— Brim- 
field AND Nortiiport— The Teacher and Preacher— Island Park As- 
sembly. 
IN the year 1844, the following persons owned land in Orange Township: 
Eri Allen, Jonathan Alexander, Samuel Alcott, Josiah Arnold, Oliver At- 
wood, Jeremiah Andrews, Leonard Appleman (Northport), John B. Bowie, 
Leonard Barber (Northport and Rome), David Bratton, Henry R. Burnam 
(Northport), Rufus Berry, Samuel Booth, John Beam, John Riley, Chester 
Baxter, David Bidlock, Alonzo Bashee, Asa Brown, John Barrett, William 
Barrett, David Bixler, Samuel Comstock, James Cummings, Hiram H. Chip- 
man (Rome), Levi Cunningham, Stanfill Corbin, John Corbin, Joshua B. Cut- 
shaw, Joseph Comparet, David H. Colerick, Joseph Caldwell, Constant Cook, 
William Callett, James Crofoot (heirs), Chancey Carter, Francis Comparet 
(Northport and elsewhere), Joseph A. Crosby, Joseph Calkins, James Camp- 
bell, Joel Doolittle (Northport and Rome), Calkin Disbrue, John Dunbar, J. F. 
Dunbar, Arthur Dunbar, Lewis Dunbar, William M. Dales, Ichabod Dicker- 
son, William Dickerson, William Denny, Lewis Druillard, William Dunlap, 
Mason Dunlap, Christian Eaton, Levi Eaton, William Engle, Alexis Edwards, 
David S. Fields, Joseph Freelove, Benjamin F. Fields, Christian Foster. Da- 
vid Fulton, F. N. Fellows, R. H. Fowler, Anson Greenman, David Gardner, 
David B. Herriman, Samuel Hitchcock, William Hitchcock, Hall Hubbard, 
John Hardy (Rome), Jacob Heater (Northport), Stephen Harris, Ira Hovey, 
N. G. Hale, Jacob Holdren, John Hofferman (Northport), Comfort Hiller, G. 
W. Hatch, John M. Herndon, Benjamin Jones, R. M. James, Alexander John- 
son, Ebenezer Jes3up, T. A. Johnson, Rufus Reeler, Thomas Koon (Rome), 
Homer King, Jonathan Law (Rome), John Lamm, William Latta (Rome), 
George Lymore, William Leverick, William Lady, William Long, Peter Lamp- 
son, Henry Lotz, R. L. Longwell, H. P. Lampson, Charles Mitchell, D. A. 
Munger, James Madison (no land), John Myers, J. A. McQueen, Thomas Mc- 
Leland, Don C. Mather, Abel Willington, William Matthews, William Morris, 
Ezra Morse, Archibald McVickers, Hiram Mucker (Rome), Robert Mucker 
(Rome), George Mcllvain (Rome), Joseph B. Martin, George Nichols, William 
Nesbit, Oliver Osborn, Daniel Price, Benjamin Potts, Margaret Perkins, Eben- 
ezer Pierce, Sanford Pierce, Betsey Parker (Rome), Lorenzo Payne (Rome), 
Isaac F. Rice, Charles W. Rockwell, Gideon Reynolds, Moses Rice, John Rup, 
Thomas H. Roberts, Daniel Rice, Finley Stephens (Northport), John Strous 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 195 

(Rome), Abraham Shears, Ezra Sanford, Joseph Steinbarger, William Taylor, 
Peter Thatcher, Herman Thatcher, Richard Thomas, William Liff (Rome), Jo- 
seph Thompson, John Vancelder, German Warren, Samuel P. Williams, Ozias 
Wright, Timothy Watkins, Orlin Watkins, Phineas Williams (Rome), Levi 
Wildman (Rome), George Wolcott (Rome), Christian Wolf, H. W. Wood, 
Francis Woldbald and John Winton. Among the very earliest settlers in the 
township were the following : Eri Allen, William Wright, David B. Plerri- 
man, David Bidlock, Samuel Smith, David Law, Charles Law, David S. Field, 
Luke Diggins, Timothy Gaby, T. M. Watkins, Joseph Doolittle, William Imes,' 
Stephen Harris, John and S. Corbin, J. F. Brothwell, Abraham Shears, Orlin 
Watkins, J. A. Waldron, Archibald Crofoot, James Kelley, James Madison, 
William Latta, David P. Bowrie, Jacob Heater, Francis Comparet, William and 
Samuel Hitchcock, and many others, some of whose names appear above. 

It is not known who was the first permanent settler in Orange Township. 
Several have claimed the distinction, but no one has successfully proved his 
claims. It is likely that the first came about the year 1833, or perhaps 1834, 
probably not sooner, as no evidences now exist of an earlier occupation of the 
soil by white men. It is probable that white hunters, those who followed that 
pursuit exclusively, had dwelt temporarily in the township before the appear- 
ance of the first white settler. This is always the case in a new country. A 
band of hardy hunters and trappers move over the country between the van of 
the army of civilization and the rear guard of the army of barbarism. They 
are a sort of a connecting link (not Darwin's) between the Indians and their 
white successors. Orange evidently furnished good hunting, as the numerous 
swamps, forests, lakes and oak openings clearly prove. Hundreds of wary deer 
wandered across the woodland, cropping the rich June grass which grew in 
abundance at each little opening. It was no trouble to shoot them, and each 
cabin had its ciioice venison steak. Wolves were numerous, and proved a 
serious drawback to the rearing of sheep. Many a fine flock of the latter 
have been attacked in the night, and when the fond owner went to feed them 
the next morning have been found mangled and dead. Then it was that the 
owner violated one of the injunctions of the decalogue. Bears were rarely seen 
when the settlers first came in. They had been driven off by the appearance 
of white men. The Indians were still numerous, two of their temporary vil- 
lages being in Orange Township— one near the " Narrows," at Sylvan Lake, 
and the other in the western part, near Waldron Lake. They mingled freely 
with the settlers, but were not feared unless when drunk. Then their savage 
and vicious dispositions came out in their true colors, and people had to bewarl 
On one occasion they had had a shooting-match at their village on the " Nar- 
rows," and many of them had become intoxicated on whisky which had proba- 
bly been obtained of Jacob Heater at Northport. Two drunken Indians pass- 
ing by the cabin of James Madison came to the door just at night, and wanted 
to come in, but were prevented by the inmates. It was cold weather, and they 



196 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNT V. 

were evidently suffering severely. They insisted on coming in, and kept say- 
ing, as their frames shook with cold, Ca-sin-e-ah (meaning very cold). When 
they found that they could not gain admittance, they became loud and boister- 
ous, but, finally, took their departure. The Indians were notorious beggars, 
rivaling the modern tramp in skill and expediency. They were in the habit of 
resorting to all sorts of tricks and connivances to secure whisky or provisions. 
They would enter a cabin without warning or invitation, and quietly demand 
pin-e-ack (potatoes), daurnin (corn), nop'-e-nee (flour), eo-coosh (pork), or what- 
ever their wants or fancy indicated. If they were refused they would probably 
scowl and say: Me-ah-net shi-mo' -ka-mong kin-a-poo (very bad white man, me 
kill). If their wants were supplied, their dark eyes would gleam, and they 
would say : Ni»h-ashin shi-mo-ka-mong (very good white man). Several of the 
old settlers had fights with them, and many interesting stories relative thereto 
will be found narrated in various parts of this volume. 

The settlers first built rude log cabins, as there were no saw-mills nor lum- 
ber in the country. A large, rude chimney was built on the outside of one end 
of the cabin, and one or two small windows furnished the only light for the 
dismal room. The ample fireplace and a few pots and kettles were all that 
were necessary in preparing a bountiful repast. A small clearing was first 
made around the cabin, and this was gradually enlarged as time passed. The 
men spent their time in clearing, fencing and improving their land, while the 
women had all they could do to make clothing for the family and prepare the 
meals. There were no loafers in those days. All were as busy as bees, and no 
one waited for an invitation to assist at a log-rolling or cabin-raising. Waving 
seas of wheat and corn were soon seen where erst the song of the red man 
resounded. Cabins dotted the forests, and the step of progress could be heard 
through the land. 

So far as now known, the first sawmill in the township was built by Will- 
iam Latta, in about the year 1836 ; it was located on the river near the head of 
Sylvan Lake, and in its time became a noted place. It did good work for a 
number of years, sawing large quantities of lumber for the dam at Rome City 
and culverts over the canal, but when this work was finished the usefulness of 
the mill had gone. It became a notorious resort for the "blacklegs " during 
the dark days, when counterfeiters and horse-thieves overran Noble County. 
John Weston built a saw-mill quite early, locating it on the outlet to the 
" reservoir ;" it was a frame mill with an over-shot wheel, and up-and-down 
saw ; it was afterward owned by John Kessler, who sawed shingles, lath, etc.; 
it afterward went to the Geisendorffs, who permitted it to run down. This was 
an excellent mill in its day, and sawed large quantities of lumber from native ' 
■wood. Leonidas .Jennings also owned a saw-mill on Section 14 ; it was operat- 
ed by steam, and was finally destroyed by fire. Mr. Jennings owns a saw- 
mill at present. Murray Cazier owned and operated one on John Corbin's 
farm many years ago. It was also a good mill. Other mills have arisen from 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 197 

time to time, as they have been called for by the demands of the citizens. 
William Mitchell and John Weston built the grist-mill at Rome City in the year 
I80I, Samuel Hosier being the architect. It is yet standing and running, 
and has been one of the best mills in the county, and, indeed, in Northern In- 
diana ; it has a twenty-seven foot head of water, and, in later years, has run 
day and night, furnishing the surrounding country with fine flour, and shipping 
large quantities to distant points ; it was one of the first industries to quicken 
Rome City into life, and the village may date its first noted impetus to the time 
of the erection of this mill. The Geisendorffs owned it for a number of years. 
J. M. Shackelton owns it at present. It is ordinarily the case that each town- 
ship can boast of having had within its borders more than one grist-mill ; but 
not another one in this county can boast of having had a better one than the 
Weston Mill. There has been no necessity for more than the one, as it was 
amply sufficient, with its three sets of buhrs and facility for rapid grinding, to 
furnish five times as much territory as Orange Township with flour and meal. 
Its presence at Rome City was a lodestar to immigrants seeking homes in 
Northern Indiana. It has thus been the means of attracting into the township 
excellent men and women from Eastern States, together with many who were 
not so excellent. In truth, Rome City and vicinity has had a checkered career. 
It became a principal rendezvous for the "blacklegs," who congregated there 
by scores to carry on their unlawful practices. The old log schoolhouse in the 
village was transformed during the night into harbors for counterfeiters and 
horse-thieves. It is stated that at one time it was not safe for an honest man 
to walk the streets of the village with f 5 in his pocket, if such a fact was known 
to the blacklegs. 

No distilleries have ever been conducted in the township, although, of 
course, the early settlers, and some later ones, have managed to consume large 
quantities of " the drink which inebriates." Temperance societies have sprung 
up to counteract the influence of the consumption of liquor ; but time alone 
has partly neutralized its effect. Whisky was looked upon in early years as 
one of the necessities of life. When people came into the backwoods, if they 
had no cow, whisky was brought along and was regarded as an excellent sub- 
stitute for milk. Children learned to cry for it, and tired mothers braced them- 
selves up on the stalwart arm of King Alcohol. We surely, to a large extent, 
inherit our appetites, and is it any wonder, then, that the generations of to-day 
can scarcely resist the tendency to drink ? Kill the appetite and the traffic is 
ended. 

The village of Northport was laid out in December, 1838, by Francis 
Comparet, owner and proprietor, on Section 9, Township 35 north, Range 10 
east. It was surveyed into blocks of twelve lots each, there being a total of 
103 lots. Mr. Comparet expected that his village would become a populous 
place. He offered the lots for sale at reasonable prices and endeavored to 
induce mechanics and artisans to locate there; but he soon found that it was 



198 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

easier to build a town on paper than in reality. In 1839, there were some five 
families living in the village. Comparet was a Frenchman, who had traded 
with the Indians for many years. He, immediately after the village was laid 
out, opened a small store, and began selling whisky and a small amount of cal- 
ico and groceries to the whites and Indians, the latter going in large numbers 
to his store for whisky. Or perhaps tl\.ey went to the hotel of Jacob Heater, 
as such an institution was opened to the public about the time that Comparet 
began to sell goods. At least, the bar-room of Heater's Hotel became a noted 
resort for convivial spirits, who were wont to assemble there to crack jokes, 
drink whisky, sing songs and tell tales that would test the credulity of those 
present. It is said, that Mr. Heater had a mysterious jug from which he could 
sell any kind of liquor desired. The jug required no special preparation, but 
seemed to possess the singularity of holding any number of mixed or pure 
drinks ; at least, so the story goes. Comparet continued to sell goods until the 
canal enterprise collapsed. Heater kept an excellent tavern for that day and 
made considerable money. Goods have been sold in Northport much of the 
time since, until the last few years. David Law, one of the oldest settlers, 
opened a store there quite early, and sold goods for many years. A man, 
whose name is forgotten, sunk three or four vats and began tanning hides as 
early as 1837. He did not continue long, however, for reasons unknown. 
Perhaps no more than twelve families have ever lived in Northport at any one 
time. It bid fair, at one time, to become a large and thriving place ; but Rome 
City came into existence, with its water-power, lake, springs, etc., and soon 
overshadowed the former village. It is now deserted, and the epitaph of 
Carthage may be inscribed on its monument. 

Rome (or Rome City, as it has since been called) was laid out in June, 
1839, about six months after Northport started up. The proprietors were John 
C. Mather and Ebenezer Pierce, who laid out 216 lots of the usual size and 
seven out-lots, on the northwest quarter of Section IG. This was the school 
section, and the men above named, who were Township Trustees at that time, 
were obliged to get the consent of the School Commissioners before they could 
lay out the town. The Trustees could derive no profit from the sale of lots, as 
every cent thus realized properly belonged to the school fund. It was the usual 
case that Section 16 of each township was the last to be taken up, and, for that 
reason, the fund with which to support the early schools was missing. Not so 
with Orange Township. The land was not only sold early, but was sold as 
town lots (a portion of it) and the proceeds devoted to the support of the early 
public schools. The first school taught in the village of Rome City (that 
sounds paradoxical) was supported by funds from the sale of lots. It is said 
that Joel Doolittle built the first house. It was a low, long frame structure, 
and in it were placed a few goods, perhaps $300 or $400 worth. Here he re- 
mained a few years, selling goods and some whisky, and then erected another 
building, a short distance east, and opened a hotel. He soon gained a pay- 








=^^iV>J^. C^^^ 



ORANGE TP 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 201 

ing patronage. Of course, he kept a bar-room and sold all sorts of liquors. 
A hotel without a bar-room, where liquor could be obtained, was not a success- 
ful investment, and, for that reason, the man who was sufficiently in advance 
of his age as to be an abstainer was careful not to open a hotel, as he would 
receive but little or no patronage. Mitchell & Weston are said to have opened 
the second store in Rome City. When this was done cannot be definitely 
ascertained, although Doolittle probably began selling soon after the village 
was laid out. Mitchell & Weston had a fair stock of goods and were well 
patronized. They bought some produce, or rather gave goods in exchange. 
George L. Gale was another early merchant. He was a strong anti-slavery 
man from principle, and, after the enactment of the fugitive slave law, assisted 
runaway slaves to the dominion of the British Queen. He is known to have 
helped off fifteen or twenty slaves. He was intelligent and had great force of 
character, especially as regards the propriety of human conduct. It is related 
that on one occasion, just at dark, a travel-worn runaway came into his yard, 
and in the most abject and servile manner took off his hat and bowed himself 
into the presence of Mr. Gale, who was probably sitting in the yard. The 
poor black man called him "Massa," and begged for food and protection. Mr. 
Gale immediately told him to put on his hat and stand erect, and not call him 
"Massa" any more, as he was not his master. The runaway was treated like 
a man and sent on his way rejoicing. Such a man could not help becoming a 
good merchant. Other merchants have been Edward B. Parkman, Arthur 
Miller, Andrew J. CuUum (who was in business during the last war), Geisen- 
dorff & Gower, Kettel Brothers, Hamlin Brothers, Alexander Brothers (who 
kept the first express oSice), Adam Rickel, Mr. Adee, John Bigler, H. G. 
Cobbs, F. N. Miller and others. John Hardy was an early blacksmith. He 
also kept hotel. A man named Rose manufactured wooden bowls quite early, 
but only for a few years. 0. F. Rogers & Son manufactured clothes' racks 
quite extensively aud made a great deal of money. Doolittle was the first 
Postmaster in Rome City. The office was first established in Northport, and 
David Law was appointed Postmaster; but after Rome City killed Northport, 
the office was removed to the former place. Dr. Stephens was an early physi- 
cian at Northport. Dr. Barber was also in early. Both men were good doc- 
tors, and traveled over extensive sections of country. Early doctors rode twice 
far as they do at present. It was no fun to be a good physician in early 
.4ays, as many an old doctor with a broken-down constitution has declared. 
Dr. W. W. Martin, an excellent man and an eminent physician, practiced at 
Rome City over thirty years ago. He finally moved to Kendallville, where, 
borne down by cares and reverses, he suicided. Dr. Hersheiser is another 
physician of the township. Dr. E. W. Myers was in quite early. Soon after- 
ward came Dr. James Gower. A great many have come in since. The rail- 
road company, which owns the mineral springs at Rome City, is at present, 
and has been for the last few years, endeavoring to fit them up, in order that 



202 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

their full value and virtue may be given to invalids. The various springs 
(about a dozen) are said to contain bicarbonate and protoxide of iron, carbonate 
of lime, chloride of sodium, bicarbonate of magnesia, phosphate of lime, sul- 
phur, carbonic acid gas, organic matter, etc. The railroad has established a 
"Mineral Springs Therapy and Surgical Institute" at the place, and will have 
suitable buildings erected by next year, all to be in charge of Charles A. Wil- 
son, M. D., a graduate of Harvard College and an eminent young physician. 
The railroad company is fitting up Sylvan Lake, intending to make it the 
"Chautauqua of the West." Some two hundred small boats have been placed 
upon the lake, as has also a small steamer. Various buildings have been con- 
structed, and the work is going rapidly forward. There is no reason why Rome 
City cannot become a widely celebrated watering-place. 

When the project for building the canal was abandoned by the State, 
Mitchell & Weston succeeded in getting a lease of the water-power at Rome 
City (the reservoir was originally constructed as a feeder to the canal, and is 
really nothing more than a huge dam), for the term of ninety-nine years at 
$33.33J per year. It is said that they managed tlie terms of the lease in such 
a manner that they succeeded in avoiding making any payment. The lease is 
equivalent to a title in fee simple, because every time it is transferred, there is 
also a renewal of the period of the lease— ninety-nine years. These men 
leased the water-power about the year 1840 or 1841, and kept it until about 
1859, when the lease was purchased by William Geisendorff (he bought the 
grist-mill, the water-power and the necessary land, paying something like 
$5,000) and his brothers, perhaps ; but some time afterward, about the close of 
the war, William transferred his interest to his brother J. C, in whose name 
the title remained until two years ago, when, J. C. having died, the title passed 
to his wife. The writer cannot say whether the title is clouded or not. The 
dam has broken three different times, and each break has been attended with 
great destruction of property, not only at Rome City, but for miles down the 
valley of the Elkhart, together with loss of life. Eleven persons, including 
several women, have been drowned in the treacherous waters of the reservoir ; 
but this has often been owing to their own carelessness. 

In 1855, Bliss, Poole & Co. erected a large, three-storied, frame wool- 
en factory, in which were placed " three sets of machines." The building 
was about 60x110 feet, and soon became the great center of attraction. Stock 
in the enterprise was subscribed by large numbers of the farmers, who pledged 
their farms as security for the payment of the subscribed stock. The factory 
under the management of Mr. Bliss entered upon a season of great prosperity. 
Some sixtv employes, nearly half of whom were women, were hired to operate 
the different departments, and soon there were turned out large quantities of 
flannels, yarns, cassimeres, jeans, broadcloths, fulled-cloths, shoddy, satinet, 
doeskins, etc., etc. Under the stimulus of the presence of this important in- 
dustry, the village of Rome City began to grow, and soon the population was 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 203 

doubled and trebled. The grist-mill first roused tlie town into activity ; but 
when the factory was built, the village received an impulse that has been per- 
manent. An annual business of nearly $70,000 was done for some four years, 
when, for some reason or other, the enterprise seemed to fail for lack of funds, 
and a number of the farmers who had pledged their farms as security for the 
payment of their stock were compelled to sell out in order to get means to set- 
tle the claims against them. Many of the citizens living at Rome City are bit- 
ter in their denunciations of the management of the enterprise. The property 
was finally sold at Sheriff's sale, and was purchased by Mr. Bliss, who soon af- 
terward traded the factory to Clement & Kennedy for another factory in 
Charleston, 111. These men did not accomplish much with the factory, 
and it soon fell into the hands of William GeisendorfF, who ran it successfully 
for a few years, when the title was transferred to his brother J. C, who owned 
it until it was destroyed by fire in about 1871. As soon as William Geisendorff 
sold the factory to his brother, the former immediately erected another woolen 
factory at the village ; but it was not so large nor extensive as the other. It 
was a two-storied frame building about sixty feet square, and gave work to some 
thirty employes. This was operated some two years, when it was vacated, but 
started up again after the other had burned, under the ownership of Clapp, 
Fisher & Zimmerman, who continued it until 1877, doing an annual business 
of from $30,000 to $40,000. Some say it was destroyed by fire generated by 
spontaneous combustion, while others assert that it was a case of incendiarism. 
The truth will probably never be known. These factories were the most im- 
portant industries ever in the township, and were the making of Rome City. 
The Masons organized a lodge at the village some ten years ago, and the Good 
Templars started up about twenty years ago. 

The village of Brimfield was laid out by William Bliss, owner and propri- 
etor, on the south part of the east half of the southwest quarter of Section 29, 
in March, 1861. Twenty-three lots were laid off by E. B. Gerber, County 
Surveyor. The first house was built by Daniel Brumbaugh, who had located 
there as early as 1840. Soon after this, Jacob Long located in what is now the 
village, as did also a little later Reason Dye. David and John Seeley opened 
a store immediately after the laying-out of the village. They owned a small 
stock, and were soon • followed by Kinney & Rhodes, who began selling hard- 
ware. John Seeley became the first Postmaster. Other merchants have been 
George Gale, Mr. Wilbur, Huston & Mahood, Jones & Weaver and Andrew 
McCollum. Judge Seeley built the saw-mill at an early day. It has been an 
excellent mill in its time. The boiler bursted on one occasion and killed Will- 
iam Collett, three Cooper boys, and a young fellow named Hewett. 

The Odd Fellows at Brimfield were organized August 25, 1881, with 
the following charter members: A. C. Emahiser, J. W. H. Chamblin, A. J. 
Niswander, C. P. Hart, T. L. Imes and C. B. Hart. The first and present 
officers are: A. C. Emahiser. N. G. ; C. B. Hart, V. G. : J. W. H. Cham- 



204 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

blin. Sec. ; A. J. Niswander, Treas. The lodge is doing well. The business 
of Brimfield is as follows : Hart Bros., general merchandise ; Coldren & 
Gaby, same; G. W. Cosper, same; A. J. Niswander, druggist; W. B. Dunn, 
groceries ; J. W. H. Chamblin, groceries ; C. W. McMeans, hardware ; Cora 
D. Reynolds, millinery ; A. C. Emahiser, hotel ; H. G. W. Briggs, hotel ; A. 
Waddel, livery ; Mr. Briggs, same ; W. C. Lane, saw-mill ; J. S. Busier, 
wagon-shop ; M. Hart and F. M. Parks, blacksmiths ; J. L. Trader, physician 
and surgeon. The pride of the town is a literary society which has an admit- 
tance fee of $5. 

In 1839, a combined church and schoolhouse was built at Northport. 
Every one turned out and helped erect it. The Presbyterians and Methodists 
were to use the building, which was built of logs, while it was not devoted to 
school purposes. The name of the first teacher is not remembered. This old 
house was used until 1843 or 1844, when a log schoolhouse was erected at Rome 
Citv. Mr. Babcock and Mr. Barnum were two of the early teachers 
at Northport. Good teachers were employed at Rome City, as there was 
considerable money from the sale of town lots to pay them, and to support 
the school. The bar-room of Hardy's Hotel was fitted up for a school- 
room, and Miss Aurelia Andrews was employed to teach the first term 
of school held in Rome City. This was during the summer of 1843, but dur- 
ing the fall of that year, or perhaps the next spring, she was employed to teach 
the first term held in the old log schoolhouse. She thus enjoys the distinction 
of having taught the first two terms in Rome City. Mr. Greenman was one 
of the first teachers. Miss Marilda White, now the widow of Hon. J. F. 
Brothwell, remembers of attending spelling-school in this house in 1844. This 
building was used until IS.'jG or 1857, when the schoolhouse now used as the 
town hall was erected. This was used until some ten or twelve years ago, at 
which time the present commodious structure was built. Prof. Watts Denny, 
of Albion, is the present Principal. After the erection of the first schoolhouse 
in Rome City, the school at Northport slowly died out. The best school in the 
township is at Rome City. The room in which the Principal teaches is said 
to have the finest apparatus of any in the county. A log schoolhouse was built 
half a mile north of Brimfield at an early day, probably about 1842. Among 
the early teachers were James Lake, Joe Warner and Mary Ann Nash. Ten 
years later a frame schoolhouse was built just south of the railroad bridge, and 
was used nearly twenty years, when the present two-storied frame structure was 
erected. The second house is now used as a dwelling in the village. Brim- 
field has had good schools from the beginning. It was about 1844 that various 
log schoolhouses were built throughout the township. The first rough ex- 
penence of backwoods life had given way before the march of progress, and 
the youth growing up must have schools. Parents, though at first careless, 
soon realized the value of schools for their children, and soon ceased to say, 
" Why, I got along without any ' edication,' and I guess my children can do so. 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. iOF) 

if I did." That idea was soon discarded, and the schoolhouses began to dot 
the forests. The schools were at first taught by subscription, and the teacher 
was doomed to pass through the terrible ordeal of "boarding around." That 
is perhaps the most cruel trial to which an inoffensive teacher can be subjected. 
Each scholar paid from $1 to $2 for the term, and the old log houses with their 
puncheon floors and desks, their two or four small windows, their large mud 
chimney and huge fire-place, were filled with tow-headed urchins, eager for tun 
and frolic. A log school house was built on Dutch street quite early. Another 
was soon seen two miles northwest of Rome, and still another southwest. The 
township is well supplied with good schools. The history of the seminary at 
Wolcottville will be found in another department of this volume. 

Probably the first church in the township was the combined church and 
schoolhouse at Northport. As above stated, it was built in 1839 by the Pres- 
byterians and Methodists, and was used for a number of years after it was dis- 
used as a schoolhouse. Rev. Cory, of Lima, quite an able man, was the Pres- 
byterian minister. The Methodists employed the Rev. Hall. These men were 
the typical backwoods ministers, possessing great enthusiasm in their calling, 
and constitutions capable of sustaining any amount of hardship and exposure. 
They traveled on long circuits, preaching to pioneer assemblies every day of 
the week, and completed the circuit at the end of the month. In 1841, one of 
the largest revivals ever had in the township was instituted and conducted by 
these men. Almost every person in the neighborhood was converted, and the 
excitement spread to more distant localities. Boys and girls were converted, 
and prostrated by the "power." Speaking meetings were organized at the 
private dwellings, and all — old and young — were called upon to tell their relig- 
ious experience. The society was so strengthened that the influence has 
endured until the present day. Mr. Shears was one of the early church lead- 
ers. A log church (Close Communion Baptist) was built at an early day one- 
half mile south of Wolcottville. Among the early members were the Tay- 
lors, McQueens, Mungers and Pierces. A Deacon named White was prominent. 
Members of other denominations met with the Baptists, and all together made a 
large, fine congregation. This old building was used until a short time before 
the last war, when a frame structure was built in Wolcottville to take its place. 
The present church at the last-named village was built a few years ago, and the 
society which assembles there has the reputation of being the largest and 
strongest in the township. The German Lutheran (and possibly the German 
Reformed) Church, on what is called Dutch street, was built at an early day. 
The old settlers speak of great revivals in early years at this house. It was 
used to some extent as a schoolhouse, as several terms were taught there, one 
of the teachers, a very homely German, teaching the mother language to the 
children in attendance. This old schoolhouse was one of the first frame build- 
ings in the township, and was regarded as quite a curiosity when first built. 
The Free- Will Baptists built a church in the northeast part early, and this 



206 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

church is yet occupied by a thriving congregation. It was built about the 
beginning of the last war. The Methodist Church at Rome City was erected 
not many years ago, the United Brethren assisting in the cost, with the under- 
standing that they were to have the use of the building. The last-named soci- 
ety has slowly scattered, and now but a few of the old members remain. The 
present town hall, erected first for a schoolhouse, was used as a church bv a 
small society of Baptists. A number of years ago the Methodists began hold- 
ing meetings in the schoolhouse at Brimfield ; but, although the attendance 
was quite large, no effort was made to build a church until the spring of 1875, 
at which time a start was made, but the building was not completed until the 
following year. The building Trustees were William Bliss, William Huston, 
James H. Fisher, Charles Beidelman and Joseph Bailey. The house cost 
about $2,700, the society receiving much outside assistance. The first minister 
was the Rev. Mr. Hartman. The present one is the Rev. Mr. Johnson. 

Early in 1878, Mr. W. B. Cory, of Lima, called on Rev. A. H. Gillet, of 
Sturgis, Mich., to talk of Sunday school matters. In the course of conversa- 
tion, the many attractions of the lake and island at Rome City, as a place for 
Sunday school gatherings, was alluded to, and the conclusion reached to invite 
a number of Christian men, interested in Sunday school work, to meet them at 
an early day, and consider the propriety of forming an organization for the 
holding of annual gatherings in the interests of Sunday school work and Chris- 
tian culture. The meeting was held early in May, an organization formed 
entitled the "Rome City International Sunday School Congress," and, in the 
succeeding month, a congress of four days was held, which was largely 
attended, and gave great satisfaction to all. Fisding the plan of organization 
not adapted to permanent work and to the laws of the State for incorporation, 
the association met October 15, 1879, and re-organized on a more substantial 
basis, and with a wider plan, modeled after the great Chautauqua assembly, of 
New York. The name was also changed to the " Island Park Assembly." 
The incorporate members were at first limited to fifty, but has now been 
extended to seventy-five. The Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad Company, 
owning the island, at once began extensive improvements, building a large 
tabernacle capable of seating some three thousand people ; put up a building to 
cover a model of the land of Palestine, constructed by Rev. W. 11. Perine, of 
Albion, Mich., laid out avenues, built bridges, a boarding-house, docks, etc. 

In June, 1880, was held the first assembly, distinctly on the Chautauqua 
plan. It was in session fourteen days, holding from day to day a Pastors' 
Institute, a Sunday School Normal, a Secular Teachers' Congress, Musical 
Convention, Oriental exhibitions, lectures on the models of Palestine, and 
three platform lectures each day. The men in charge of the several depart- 
ments of instruction were all of distinguished reputation, and on the platform 
appeared some of the ablest speakers of the land. 

The second session of the assembly was held from June 29 to July 15, 



1 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 207 

1881, with improved and still larger programme. Before this session, the 
Assembly bought some eighteen acres of land of John Kerr, adjoining the 
lake on the south, and leased a body of woodland of Isaac Barber, cornering on 
this. These lands have been platted, and a number of lots sold, and it is 
expected that the year 1882 will witness marked improvements in the way of 
cottages and suitable arrangements for the accommodation of the people dis- 
posed to seek rest and recreation, where they may, at the same time, enjoy the 
most favored opportunities of improvement in all that pertains to the develop- 
ment of Christian manhood and higher culture. The managers have all worked 
without fee or compensation "for time or labor, and besides have incurred per- 
sonal liabilities to the extent of thousands of dollars to start this institution — 
one they fondly believe will eventuate in much public good. 

Rev. A. H. Gillet, of Michigan, has so far been, and is now, the Superin- 
tendent of Instruction, having charge of the preparation and execution of the 
programme. Dr. J. H. Rerick, of La Grange, has been and is now the Presi- 
dent of the association. Rev. C. U. Wade, of Roann, Ind., was Secretary 
until August, 1881, when, declining renomination, P. N. Stroop, of La Grange, 
was elected. The present Board of Managers are : Rev. A. E. Mahin, Fort 
Wayne, Ind.; F. W. Keil, Fort Wayne, Ind.; Rev. C. U. Wade, Roann, Ind.; 
Rev. R. S. Goodman, Kendallville, Ind.; John Mitchell, Kendallville, Ind.; 
G. W. Mummert, Wawaka, Ind.; 0. B. Taylor, Wolcottville, Ind.; H. L. 
Taylor, Wolcottville, Ind.; J. H. Rerick, La Grange, Ind.; P. N. Stroup, La 
Grange, Ind.; Rev. T. E. Hughes, La Grange, Ind.; W. C. Glasgow, La 
Grange, Ind.; S. D. Moon, La Grange, Ind.; R. S. Hubbard, La Grange, 
Ind.; W. B. Cory, Lima, Ind. And the officers are as follows : President, 
Dr. J. H. Rerick, La Grange, Ind. Vice Presidents — Rev. T. E. Hughes, 
La Grange, Ind.; George W. Mummert, Wawaka, Ind.; Rev. A. E. Mahin, 
Fort Wayne, Ind. Secretary, P. N. Stroup, La Grange, Ind. Treasurer, 
John Mitchell, Kendallville, Ind. Executive Committee — W. C. Glasgow, 
La Grange, Ind.; H. L. Taylor, Wolcottville, Ind.; S. D. Moon, La Grange, 
Ind. Auditing Committee — W. C. Glasgow, La Grange, Ind.; 0. B. Taylor, 
Wolcottville, Ind.; G. W. Mummert, Wawaka, Ind. 



CHAPTER XII. 

by weston a. goodspeed. 

Allen Township— First White Settler — Catalogue of Pioneers— Growth 
AND Decay of Industries— Villages of Lisbon and Avilla— The Un- 
derground 11A.ILROAD— Mr. BAIvER AND THE INDIAN SQU AW— OUTWIT- 
TING A Uear— The District Schools— Teachers and Preachers— The 
Catholics. 

ALLEN TOWNSHIP has a history essentially similar to that of every other 
in the county. There was the coming of the first settler,the rearing of log 
cabins and the clearing of the land, the adventure in pursuit of wild animals, 
the struggle to make an honest living in the woods, the erection of mills, 
schoolhouses, churches, etc., and the s;radual increase in population. The 
name of the first settler is always a matter of interest, yet, unfortunately, it 
cannot in all cases be remembered. This is not true of Allen, for it is certain 
that George T. Ulmer, who settled in the township in 1834, was the first. Mr. 
Ulmer, a native of the Pine Tree State, came from Summit County, Ohio, 
with his family drawn by a large yoke of oxen, and with a few young cattle 
driven along by a member of the family, and located on eighty acres, which he 
entered on Section 4. With him came a young man named Alvord, of whom 
but little is known, as he shortly departed for some other locality. Ulmer had 
a wife and several children, and it is remembered that to these parents was born 
the first white child in the township, though nothing further than that can be 
told for want of information. The second child was Chloe Wadsworth, whose 
birth occurred on the 6th of November, 1836. The second settler was Samuel 
Weimer, who appeared in the spring of 1836. He located on what he thought 
was his farm, but soon learned he was improving gratis some other man's land, 
whereupon he moved to what he again thought was his claim ; but again was 
doomed to disappointment, and had to try the third time, which proved to be 
the charm, as he had at last found his future home. The third settler was 
Alpheus Baker, who came to the township during the fall of 1836, while about 
a month later, in the month of October, Elihu Wadsworth, who is yet living on 
the old farm, appeared with his family, and began to improve his land. He 
pointed to the writer of this chapter, within a few rods of his house, a white 
oak stump, from which the tree was cut, during the winter of 1836-37, by 
himself and a young man named Dorus Swift, who had come with him to the 
county, the stump being yet in a fair state of preservation. Soon after the 
arrival of these men, and prior to 1844, there came in, among others, the fol- 
lowing settlers: Ryland Reed, Asa Brown, Edward Adams, John Geiser, 
Hiram Iddings, Francis Boerck, Evan Jones (the first one in the southern part), 
M. P. Rickett, Alfred Rice, Orrin Rice, Alvin Rice, Alonzo D. AVhitford, Har- 




f=*^kM 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 211 

rison Whitford, Augustus H. Whitford, Matthias Woodruff (the first black- 
smith), George Berry, Washington Bidwell, Clark Bidwell, Joel Berry, Andrew 
Bixler, William Broughton, Joel Carpenter, Daniel Hide, Charles Harding, N. 
I. Hill (the first settler at Avilla), S. P. Haynes, Hosea Hunter, Jackson Id- 
dings, Lewis Iddings, Ezra T. Isbell, Philander Isbell, A. E. Littlefield, Bar- 
net Laller, John McBarns, W. H. Potter, L. D. Payne, Reuben Ross, Edwin 
Randall, Hiram Roberts, Matthias Saylor, John Steele, Moses Tryon, Albert 
Wilson and James Roth. Others were in before 1844, but their names are not 
remembered. 

The settlement of the township, when well begun, was very rapid. Im- 
provements of all kinds were swiftly pushed to completion, and very soon the 
old log cabin was replaced with one of better appearance and pattern. The 
first marriage was contracted between William Hill and Mary Keeler. It is 
said that Mar'y had some property of her own, which was used in making their 
home comfortable after marriage. William probably thought as did Robert 

" .Vwa wi' your witchcraft o' beauty's alarms 

The slender bit beauty you grasp in your arms ; 

0, gie me the lass that has acres o' charms, 

0, gie me the lass wi' the weel stock it farms. 

Then hey for a lass wi' a tocher, then hey for a lass wi' a tocher. 
Then hey for a lass wi' a tocher — the nice yellow guineas for me.' 

The marriage was celebrated in 1837, but the Justice of the Peace who 
performed the ceremony lived at Wolf Lake, whither William went for him. He 
made the two "one flesh" (very difficult of execution if considered literally), 
and then left them to enjoy the wedding supper, which consisted of Johnny 
cake, baked beans, pork, etc. At the third marriage that took place in the 
township, music and dancing ruled the hour. A few pioneer boys in homespun 
and girls in ditto assembled to enjoy the event, and perhaps to institute new 
marriage contracts for — 

" I've often heard my father say, and so I have my mother. 
That going to a wedding will bring on another." 

The "French four" and the " Scotch reel" and other varieties of reel 
were indulged in, and the boys with their heavy " brogans " came down on the 
" double shuffle," and cut the " pigeon's wing " like masters of the art. Going 
home with the girls ! Ah, that's what captivated the boys, and on that ques- 
tion all degrees of courage were exhibited. Of course, the girls must look 
demure and modest, and wait the approaches of the sterner sex. And then 
came the walk or drive home through the dark woods. It is the old, old story 
— ancient and antiquated — yet, withal, it is new, because the characters are 
new. The stage is the same, the scenery the same, the shifters the same, but 
the troupe of actors are not the same. 

On the 6th of March, 1838, David Wadsworth died and was buried in 
Elihu Wadsworth's orchard ; this was one of the first deaths. In the month 
of August, 1837, the first township election was held at the residence of Mr. 



212 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Ulmer, on which occasion, although there were nine persons present, but two — 
Ulmer and Hill— were entitled to vote, they alone having been in the town- 
ship and State the requisite time. This election, therefore, was not an elec- 
tion. The second election was held during the following year, and was more 
of a success. It was held at Asa Brown's cabin, and at its conclusion the 
returns were sent to Sparta, then the county seat ; but as they had to go via 
Fort Wayne, it was three weeks before the Spartans received them. At that 
period there were two mail routes through the county, one extending from 
Fort Wayne along the Goshen road, and the other from the same place, toward 
Lima, along what afterward became the plank road. 

Soon after 1840, Samuel Haynes built a water saw-mill on Sycamore 
Creek, securing water-power by means of a dam. This is said to have been 
the first mill in the township. Not long afterward, Gilbert Sherman also built 
one on the same stream, and his was also operated by water-power. A few 
years later, Asa Brown, who had located where Lisbon now is, and had built 
the first frame house in the township there, erected a steam saw-mill, which, 
for many years, did good good work. Mr. Brown was an enterprising man, 
but he was grasping in financial matters, so much so that he finally ruined 
Lisbon by his refusal to sell corner and other valuable lots in the village, and 
by steadfastly denying that he was under any obligations to use his influence 
in securing the location of a railroad through his town. Further than that, 
he said he did not believe in railroads, and his infidelity on this question 
wrought his ruin, as Kendallville succeeded in getting the road, which, properly 
managed and influenced, would, beyond doubt, have passed through Lisbon. 
Mr. Brown had money. He came into the wilderness well supplied in this 
particular ; but his knowledge was greater than his wisdom. His house had 
been erected in Lisbon in 1837, from lumber obtained, if reports are true, at 
Stephen Sawyer's mill, then operating near the present site of Kendallville, 
but in Wayne Township. Some say that Asa Brown's saw-mill was the first 
in the township, and that it was built within a year or two after the erection of 
his frame house. In 1840, he built an ashery, and began, on an extensive 
scale, to manufacture black and white salts, and a fine article of pearl-ash,. con- 
tinuing the pursuit for several years, until the quantity of ashes failed, manu- 
facturing in the meantime, per annum, some twenty tons of the ash, which 
was shipped by wagon to the market at Fort Wayne. He continued some 
ten years, and during a portion of this time, Hiram Roberts, an experienced 
ash-burner, was in his employ. About the time the ashery was started, Mr. 
Brown built an addition to his house, designing it for a store-room, into which 
he placed a large and handsome stock of goods, too large and costly to be prof- 
itable in the backwoods. Goods were given in exchange for ashes, and sold on 
credit, which proved to be long and troublesome. Brown also opened his house 
for the entertainment of the public, and his hotel became widely known on 
account of the hospitality of the landlord. The ill success of the mercantile 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 213 

enterprise compelled Mr. Brown, after many years of ups and downs, to sell his 
farm to pay his debts and remove the incumbrances. In about the year 1845^ 
a traveling circus and menagerie came through and " showed " at Lisbon. The 
advertisements were flaming, rivaling in hideous exaggeration those of to-day 
while the real merits were generally inferior, though in some particulars supe- 
rior. There was a herd of five performing elephants. Mr. Brown had his 
town, Lisbon, surveyed and platted in October, 1847, at which time, twenty- 
four lots were laid out along the Lima and Fort Wayne road. From the fact 
that he had an abundance of ready money, he was enabled to command a wide 
influence, which had the effect of bringing to the village mechanics and arti- 
sans of all descriptions. But these men were too poor to pay several hundred 
dollars for a small lot upon which to live, and so they were compelled to go ta 
some other locality. At first, Mr. Brown did not observe the injury he was 
doing his town, as he thought that the village must grow, and that sooner or 
later the prices demanded for the lots must be paid. But he suffered for his 
want of foresight, and when it was too late his prices for lots were lowered. 
But then other towns had sprung into existence all around him, and the death 
song of Lisbon had been sung. 

Ryland Reed built the second house in Lisbon soon after the town was 
laid out. Samuel Minor was the first Postmaster. Other men who sold goods 
were Lorenzo Tyler and Abraham Warner. These men were partners and 
began soon after 1852, or about the time that Brown went out of business 
James Walker conducted a good store there for many years, beginning not far 
from 1853. T. P. Bicknell opened with a drug store soon afterward. Robert 
Hay sold goods there for a few years. Mr. Baughman also had a good store 
there. In about 1852, the village was visited by a conflagration, which, in a 
short time, destroyed seven buildings, and a considerable amount of furniture 
and other property. There has been no store there since the last war. The 
epitaph of Carthage may be appropriately written on the monument of Lisbon. 
A man named Taber owned and operated a saw-mill between Jefferson and 
Allen at quite an early day. Mr. Littlefield conducted an ashery near Avilla 
moderately early, and after him Jefferson Smith followed the same pursuit for 
a short time. At a very early period, as Mr. Wadsworth was one day walkinc- 
through the woods near his house, he saw a large log which had been so split 
that the upper portion was a slab, and was pinned down by means of horizontal 
cross-pieces held in place by posts on either side of the log; thinkin<^ it was a 
bear-trap he struck his ax into the slab and split off a portion, and then saw that 
the log had been hollowed out by human agency, after which the slab had been 
fastened to its place as stated. Mr. Wadsworth peered into the opening and 
saw lying within the well-preserved corpse of an Indian woman. Death' had 
occurred but a few days before, as decay had but just set in. The slab was 
re-adjusted and the dead was left at rest. Not long afterward, the lo- and its 
occupant were burned by Mr. Baker, who covered both with a heap of bru^b- 



214 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

wood, after which the fire was kindled, and the first cremation in the township 

took place. , . , 3 -^x, u- 

It is related that one of the Whitfords was one day in the woods with his 
gun, when, in walking along, he suddenly saw on the opposite side of a large 
log a dark animal that appeared to be a hog rooting in the leaves, and making 
quite a noise. A closer inspection revealed the fact that the animal was a bear. 
It suddenly raised its head, and, seeing the hunter, reared up on its hind feet, 
the position always taken by a bear in close quarters. Mr. Whitford quickly 
fired and the bear dropped, but immediately arose and started in fury toward 
the hunter, who took to his heels down a long hill, closely pursued by the in- 
furiated animal: the hollow was soon reached and the ascent on the opposite 
3ide be<ran ; the hill began to tell on Mr. Whitford, who recollected, as he 
«trained\nd panted along, that it was said that a bear could run up hill as fast 
as down As he could make better speed down hill than up, he took a circle 
and went down again at a furious rate, closely followed by the bear. In order 
to run down hill, it was necessary to also run up on the other side, and this was 
done, although the wind of the settler was almost gone. Upon looking around 
at the summit, the exhausted man saw the bear below in the hollow whirling 
round and round like a drunken man. At the same instant some of his folks 
put in appearance, and the bear was quickly dispatched. It had been mortally 
wounded, but had possessed strength enough to give Mr. Whitford the longest 
and best race he probably ever made. Had the bear's strength held out, there 
would probably have been a funeral in the Whitford family. 

At quite an early day Noah I. Hill built the first house in Avilla, con- 
verting it into a tavern, and opening in one room a small stock of goods, which 
was ofi-ered for sale. In the bar-room of his tavern, liquor, old and young, was 
kept for the thirsty travelers, who stopped for refreshments while on the Lima 
road. The goods which were unceremoniously offered for sale did not exceed 
$300 in value, and were soon closed out, or, rather, driven out, by the appear- 
ance in the village of experienced and capable merchants, with fair stocks of a 
general assortment of goods. Mr. Hill not only sold liquor, but enjoyed the 
slass himself, and drank a great deal in social conversation with travelers and 
customers. The bar-room of his tavern became well known to all the teamsters 
^loncr the road, and is yet remembered by old settlers in the neighborhood as a 
iioted resort for those who loved the flowing bowl. In winter evenings, while 
atorm and darkness were intense without, and the angry wind dashed the ram 
or snow into every crack or crevice, the old bar-room was lighted by the ruddy 
glow of the blazing logs, and the travelers and host beguiled the lagging hours 
with drinks, jokes, stories and songs. Bumpers were filled, and the ruby 
liquor was drained to the dregs, while over all arose the merry voice— 

" No churchman fim I for to rail and to write, 
No statesman nor soldier to plot or to fight, 
No sly man of business contriving a snare— 
For a big-bellied bottle's the whole of my care. 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 216 

" The peer I don't envy, I give him his bow; 
I scorn not (he peasant tho' ever so low ; 
But. a club of good fellows, like those that are here. 
And a bottle like this, are my glory and care. 

" I once was persuaded a venture to make, 
A letter informed me that all was to wreck j 
But the pursy old landlord just waddled up stairs 
With a glorious bottle that ended my cares." 

The old hotel, though subsequent improvements have greatly altered its 
appearance, is yet standing in the village, and is known to all the citizens. Hill 
was a good man, and an enterprising citizen of excellent judgment ; and was 
accordingly honored with the then prominent official porition of Justice of the 
Peace, and was continued, thus for a long period of years. Among the early 
business men of Avilla were Jefferson Smith, Baum & Walters, Mr. Stewart, 
Henry Vogading, II. H. Hayncs and others. Later have been Mr. Ran- 
dall, Henry Fryer, Mr. Hartman, Lewis Scutt, Mr. Johnson and others. The 
Yeiser brothers built a steam saw-mill a number of years ago, which has been 
operated since. A planing-mill connected with it dresses a considerable quan- 
tity of lumber, much of which is used at home, and the balance shipped to oth- 
er localities by rail. Wood & Haynes built a hoop factory some two years ago, 
but, although it was pushed in the work, it was not as profitable as expected. 
They are now manufacturing a large number of pumps, and have several wag- 
ons on the road selling all the time. They also manufacture cider, cane sugar, 
jelly, etc. The large grist-mill erected by John D. Shafer a number of years 
ago, is one of the best in the county, for quality of flour. The mill is a large 
frame structure, and is a credit to the place. Considerable flour is shipped by 
rail. Twenty years ago, Maternus Blust began burning brick a short distance 
north of Avilla. During the first year, 280,000 were made, and 112 cords of 
wood were consumed in the process. The business was steadily increased under 
a splendid sale, both at home and abroad, until, at the end of twelve years, it 
was found that an average during that period of 500,000 brick had been 
burned, each year's burning requiring on an average 150 cords of wood. Mr. 
Blust then moved his factory to Avilla, where he has since continued — some 
seven or eight years — to manufacture on even a greater scale than he did north 
of town. Seven years ago, he began burning tile, from two and a half to eight 
inches opening, and since the first year has manufactured a yearly average of 
25,000. The great bulk of this vast business is shipped away, though the 
number of brick buildings of all kinds in the town and vicinity show that the 
citizens appreciate the importance of the industry. Many assistants are em- 
ployed to carry on the business. 

Noah Hill was the first Postmaster at Avilla, and was succeeded by Mrs. Eliz- 
abeth Swarthouse, Postmistress. S. P. Stewart, a genial gentleman, is the pres- 
ent agent of Uncle Sam. Dr. Fryer, whose death occurred but a short time ago, 
appeared in the village in 1857, and practiced his profession until his death. 



216 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

After he had been in town a few years, Dr. Weisen appeared. Since then have 
come Drs. Wright, Maloney, Scutt and Cessna, the last three being yet at the 
village. Eight or ten years ago, a Masonic lodge was organized in the village, 
and about two years ago, the Good Templars sprang to arms to resist the fol- 
lowers of King Alcohol. The latter has too many vassals in the town and vi- 
cinity. Tavern has been kept since Hill first threw open his doors to the pub- 
lic. There are three at present, the last — St. James House — having an excel- 
lent reputation among experienced commercial men. Within the last few years, 
Avilla has developed wonderfully as a grain market. It is asserted that, owing 
to freightage and a competition of markets, a higher price can be paid for grain 
at Avilla than at Kendallville. At any rate, farmers often find that they can 
get more for wheat at the former place than at the latter ; and hence, many of 
those living near and north of the latter convey their grain to the former mar- 
ket. Vogading & Son have been buying grain extensively since the comple- 
tion of the railroads. S. K. Randall has undertaken the same pursuit within 
the last few years. In 1876, a petition signed by a large majoritv of the legal 
voters of Avilla was presented to the Commissioners of the County, praying 
for the incorporation of the town, and, as no special objection was presented, 
the prayer was granted, and an election of town olBcers ordered. This was 
done with the following result : Trustees, S. P. Stewart, Maternus Blust and 
Henry Yeiser ; Clerk and Treasurer, E. D. Ilaynes ; Marshal, Samuel Hoke. 
In 1878, these officers were re-elected. In 1879, Mr. Hoke took Mr. 
Blust's place, L. A. Lobdell took Hoke's place, and W. D. Carver sup- 
planted Mr. Yeiser. In 1880, Thomas Story took Stewart's place, and 
Jonas Strouse took Hoke's. In 1881, Matthew Stewart supplanted Car- 
ver. Enoch Johnson Lobdell, and Saul Baum E. D. Haynes. It is re- 
lated that for many years before the last war, a well-traveled line of under- 
ground railroad extended across Allen Township. Many a load of fugitive 
slaves has been seen conveyed along this line, stopping here and there for re- 
freshments. Augustus H. Whitford is said to have been in the employ of this 
celebrated road, serving in the capacities of station-master, engineer, conduct- 
or, and train dispatcher. Mr. Waterhouse, residing in La Grange County, was 
a sort of a Tom Scott or William H. Vanderbilt on this road, and at all hours 
would order out special trains. Mr. Wadsworth one day saw a load moving 
rapidly along, when, upon turning a corner swiftly and suddenly, the wagon 
very nearly overturned, cau.sing several woolly heads to appear in alarm from 
the covering. Mr. Wadsworth called out to the driver, " Ah, here's your Un- 
derground Railroad ! " " Yes," answered the driver, " they're going it almost 
every night." Many an unfortunate colored man or woman, aiming by the 
north star for the dominion of the British Queen, has received much-needed 
assistance from the John Browns and Owen Lovejoys of Allen Township. 

In 1837, Messrs. Ulmer, Baker, Wadsworth and two or three young un- 
married men assembled, with axes and ox teams on Ryland Reed's farm on 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 217 

Section 4, and erected, in one day, the first schoolhouse in the township. 
The building was rudely constructed of round logs, and, from the fact that no 
window was made, the logs were all peeled, that as much reflection of light as 
possible could be secured within the dark room. A rough clapboard floor was 
put down, and on the roof clapboard shingles were held in their place by weight- 
poles, while at one end of the building a large opening was left, over which was 
afterward erected a huge chimney, built of a mysterious mass of sticks, stones, 
mud, and hay used to hold the mud together. The building was not over 15x20 
feet, and on dark, warm days, the teacher, it is said, would adjourn her classes 
to the door-yard, that a better light might be obtained. The first teacher was 
Miss Julia Burnam, who taught during the summer of 1837, for ^1 per week 
and boarded around, her scholars, eight or ten in number, coming from the 
families of Ulmer, Baker, Wadsworth and perhaps one or two others. This 
house was used for the purposes of education some ten years, when a better 
building was erected on the farm of Hiram Iddings, to take its place. A 
number of years ago, this house was abandoned and its successor occupied. 
The second schoolhouse in the county was built in the northeast corner, in the 
Whitford neighborhood, and must have been erected soon after the one referred 
to above. The following men were interested in this school: Ross, Whitford, 
Isbell, McBarns and Adams. They, or the most of them, assembled one day 
and built a small log schoolhouse, that was used a number of years, both for 
school purposes and for those of religion, as several of the aforesaid men were 
earnest workers in the vineyard of the Lord. The best early schools in the 
township were taught in this house. Many rousing spelling-schools were held, 
as several of the old settlers well remember. A log schoolhouse was erected 
at an early day in Avilla, about where the livery barn now stands. But little 
is remembered of the early schools there. After a number of years, a better 
house was built near the Randalls, about half a mile west of town, and soon 
afterward another was built half a mile east. Children living in the eastern 
part of the town went to the house east and those in the western part went to 
the Randall house. This state of things continued until the erection of the 
brick schoolhouse in Avilla, a few years ago. The building cost $2,700 and 
is a credit to the town. Two teachers are employed and the enumeration of 
pupils is over a hundred. This is large, considering the fact that the Catholics 
have as many more. Lisbon had an early school, as did also the southeastern 
part of the township, the first house in each case being constructed of round 
logs. Father Schaefer, the first resident priest, established a school in 1855 
for the Catholics. In 1878, a parish school building was erected. It is a two- 
storied brick, 23x58 feet, and cost $2,000. The school was taught by secular 
teachers until 1873. It is now taught by the Sisters of St. Francis, about 
one hundred children attending regularly. It is known as " St. Augustine's 
School." 

The first schoolhouses were also the first churches. In quite early times 



218 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

religious denominations were organized in various parts of the townsliip. These 
continued, until the erection of the first churches, when the shifting of meet- 
ings from house to house ceased. In 1873, a talented young man — Rev. E. 
D. Einsel — a professor of the Albright faith, began holding a series of meet- 
ings in Avilla, and was warmly assisted by Jacob Beckley, Samuel Hoke and 
others. A small society was soon organized, which, within the next year, 
attained a membership of about thirty. This little society went to work in 
earnest, and erected a neat frame church at a cost of about $1,400. locating it 
on a lot which cost $200. A Sunday school was organized about the same 
time. The membership of the church is now about thirty-five. The Lutheran 
Church in the western part was built quite a number of years ago. The Whit- 
fords, in the northeastern part, were instrumental in organizing a Methodist 
society in their neighborhood at a very early day. They and the Adamses, the 
Isbells, the Roberts, the Warners and others used the old schoolhouse for many 
years, until at last their church was built. A Disciple church was partly built 
at Lisbon many years ago, but was then removed to Kendall vi lie, where it now 
stands. " The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin" (Catholic) 
was first organized about the year 1854, and was attended by Father Faller, of 
Fort Wayne, about eight families belonging. The first church, a small frame 
building, was located about half a mile north of town. The leading members 
at this time were Thomas Storey, F. Bork, John Morehouse, John Geiser and 
Albion Myers. The first pastor was Father Henry Schaefer. His succes- 
sors have been Fathers Deipenbrock, Wenhofl'e, Oechtering and Duehmig. 
The latter is yet pastor. The first church was dedicated in 1855 by 
Rt. Rev. De St. Palais, Bishop of Vincennes, Ind. On the 22d of 
February, 1867, Father Duehmig became assistant on the Avilla charge; and 
on the 12th of May, same year, was installed pastor of it and its various mis- 
sions. The present church was begun in 1876 ; the corner-stone was laid May 
27, 1877, and, on the 19th of May, 1878, it was dedicated by the Rt. Rev. 
Joseph Dwenger, Bishop of Fort Wayne The new church is located in the 
northern part of town, on the old Weimer farm; and its site, six and one- 
fourth acres, was donated by Mr. Thomas Storey. The church cost only 
$9,000, as the brick were made within a few yards of the church. Some 
eighty families now belong. The present officers of the church are Frederick 
Bork, President; M. Blust, Vice President; A. Vogeding, Secretary; George 
Drerup, Treasurer. The Sunday school has been conducted since the society 
was organized ; D. Duehmig, Superintendent ; 160 children attend it. Too much 
cannot be said in praise of Father Duehmig, who more than any other man, 
has built up the charge and its various missions. He is a man of great useful- 
ness, intelligence and influence. 

In 1876, four Sisters (Anastasia, Brigetta, Barbara and Zilla) of the 
Order of St. Francis came to America to look up a location fur a convent. 
Through the influence of Rev. D. Duehmig, they were induced to locate at 



.^^''' 




isgl 






c^^^^^Z^ 



a^e^^^^-^'^Z.^ 



ELKHART TP. 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 221 

A villa. They immediately purchased 200 acres of Thomas Storey for $12,000 ; 
and, in June of the same year (1876), took charge of the premises, 
upon which was the residence previously occupied by Mr. Storey. Not 
long after this, twenty more Sisters came ; and, since then, ten others 
have been added, making a total of thirty-four. These Sisters have estab- 
ished the following branch missions; one in Swan Township, Noble County ; 
one at Hesse Cassel, Allen County, Ind. ; one at Crown Point, Ind. ; 
another at Dyer, Ind. ; one at Joliet, 111., and one at St. Joseph, Mich. In 
the spring of 1881, the Sisters purchased forty acres of Mr. Weimer for $2,- 
600 ; and are now engaged in building thereon a house to cost not less than 
$30,000. It is intended as a home for the aged, unfortunate, crippled, etc. 
There are ten resident Sisters at the convent at present, who have charge of 
eighteen aged and helpless persons, two being hopelessly insane. Nine orphan 
children are cared for by these good Sisters. The new building will be called 
•' The Convent of the Sacred Heart of Jesus." 



CHAPTER XIII. 
by weston a. goodspeed. 

Elkhart Township— Life in the Backwoods— Mr. Bourie and the Indi- 
ans—Anecdotes OF THE Chase— The Early Residents— Tibbot and the 
Wounded Buck— Pittsburg, Springfield and Wawaka— Education 
AND Religion— Pioneer Preachers and Teachers— Incidents. 

THERE is some conflict of opinion as to who was the first settler in Elk" 
hart Township. It is quite certain that Samuel Tibbot built his dwelling 
there as early as 1832, and it is equally certain that the Knights and a Mr. 
Austin and David P. Bourie were in about the same time. Isaac Tibbot did 
not reside permanently in the township until 1834. It is certain that Mr. 
Austin built his log-cabin near the bank of Elkhart River, in the southwestern 
part, during the year 1832, and immediately thereafter, Mr. Bourie erected a 
rude log storeroom within a few yards of the Austin mansion (?), and began sell- 
ing from a stock of goods valued at about $1,000 at first, but subsequently (within 
three years) increased, until worth $4,000. Mr. Bourie owned the land and 
gave Mr. Austin permission to build and reside there, as the former, being then 
single, wanted a place to board. Mr. Bourie did not enter his land at first 
(1831), but postponed that event until almost too late. In 1832, after his store 
was established, two men appeared and examined the premises, arousing a sus- 
picion in Bourie's breast that all was not right. He suspected that the men 
intended to proceed to Fort Wayne and enter his land, as, after they had exam- 
ined the premises, they started in the direction of the land office. Mr. Bourie 
immediately assumed the garb of an Indian, with blanket and feathers and 
tomahawk and war paint, and mounting his pony, as a true Indian should, he 



222 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Started, hoping to pass the men before they reached Fort Wayne, trusting that 
his disguise would prevent them from recognizing that he was the owner of the 
premises, from whom they had just parted. He met several of his old acquaint- 
ances along the road, none of whom recognized him. He met Mclntire Sey- 
mour and John Hall in Noble Township, to whom he revealed himself, much 
to their astonishment. On he went, like the wind, whooping and swinging his 
tomahawk and reeling on his pony like a drunken Indian. He came up in 
this manner with the two men, both of whom thought him to be what he pre- 
tended — a drunken Indian. He reached Fort Wayne long before they did, 
entered his land and had the pleasure of seeing the land hunters discomfited 
when they discovered that they had been outwitted. The following is a portion 
of one of the bills of goods bought by Mr. Bourie in 1833: 

Fort Watne, August 1-5, 1833. 
lioughl of Merriam ^ Bourie : 

4 pair calf-skin boots, fine, @ 28 shilliugs |il4 00 

8 pair thick boots, @ 19 sliillings 19 00 

3 pair calf-skin shoes, @ 12 shillings 4 50 

4 pair calf-skin shoes, @ 10 shillings 5 00 

5 morocco pumps, @ 9 shillings 5 63 

4 seal-skin pumps, (Sj 9 shillings 4 50 

6 Prunell boots, @ 12 shillings 9 00 

7 pair thick shoes, @ 8 shillings 7 00 

3 fine hats, @ 32 shillings 12 00 

1 piece white list blue cloth, 19J yanU 27 50 

1 piece yellow list blue cloth, 24 yards 66 69 

1 piece scarlet list blue cloth, 13 yards 22 75 

1 piece super-blue list cloth, 6 yards 31 50 

3 pieces fancy calico, 84 yards 24 36 

8 pieces Merriniac calico, 160 yards 27 20 

Etc., Etc., Etc., Etc. 

And so the bill continued until nearly $800 was reached, all sorts of good 
being purchased at enormous prices. To the amount of one of Mr. Bourie'r 
bills, the merchants of Fort Wayne added 25 per cent for transportation. The 
greater portion of these goods went to the Indians, who were inordinately proud 
of display, and clothed themselves, at whatever cost, in the gaudiest and most 
costly apparel. The three silk hats mentioned above were sold to chiefs, who, 
when they had on a breech-clout, a blanket of fancy colors, and one of those 
hats, were enrobed in the height of Indian fashion, and would strut before the 
dusky maidens of their acquaintance like turkey-cocks before Christmas. After 
the Indians had had their selection from these goods, the white settlers took the 
remainder. Bourie's brother was one of the partnership from whom he bought. 
Bourie failed in business in 1835, and then went to Good Hope, in northern 
Sparta Township, where he opened a small grocery with one of the Knights as 
a partner ; but the latter fleeced him in a short time of all he had, and he has 
been a comparatively poor man since. 

Mr. Bourie had a favorite dog that had been trained to do almost any- 
thing. It would bring the cows from the woods, aio across the river and bring 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 223 

back a canoe, and carry articles here and the^e. It was so trained that, if 
anything was taken from the store, the animal would soon discover it, and would 
trace by its keen scent the spot where the article had been hidden. One day 
a number of Indians were at the store, and one of them, not thinking his rifle 
was loaded (or at least declaring that he did not, afterward), placed the ramrod 
in the barrel, and playfully snapped the gun at the dog's head ; this he did 
several times, until an old hen belonging to Mrs. Austin ran by him, when he 
turned and snapped the gun at it ; a sharp report followed, and the unfortunate 
fowl went squawking away, transfixed by the ramrod ; out came Mrs. Austin, 
with fire in her eye, and a rolling pin in her hand (possibly), and demanded who 
had treated her fowls foully. Seeing the trouble, she immediately went to 
Bourie, and told him that he must take care of his Indians, and not let them 
trouble her fowls again. Bourie, when he learned the truth, was so incensed 
at the Indian for snapping at his dog (which'had narrowly escaped being shot), 
that he seized the unfortunate redskin and butted his head again and again 
against a log until his face and scalp were covered with bruises and blood. He 
also seized the gun (a fine silver-mounted rifle) and bent it almost double across 
a log, utterly ruining it. The Indian came back the next day, demanding 
amends for the loss ; but Bourie shrewdly stated that he (Bourie) had been 
drunk the day before, was sorry if the Indian was, and there the matter was 
dropped, as the Indians forgave wrongs done while under the influence of 
liquor. 

The following is as complete a list of the early settlers as could be obtained. 
The names are taken from the records at Albion, and indicate those who owned 
land in 1844. The names of the earliest, who lived in the township before 
1844, but sold out before that date, cannot be given : Isaac Arnold, William 
Albert, William Bradford, John F. Brothwell, Abraham Brown, James Boyd, 
Daniel P. Boner, Francis Brown, Moses Ball, John Bird, William Caldwell, 
Andrew Curry, George Domer, Moses Domer, Samuel Domer, Jacob Domer, 
Perry Dempsey, Jacob Gerber, David Gibson, W. K. Gibson, John Gibson, 
Hosea Gage, Fred Hartsock, W. H. Herriman, Luther Herriman, Jonathan 
Hoak, Jacob Holden, W. H. Holden, Jacob Hofi", Abraham Hoff, Nathaniel 
Hamilton, W. H. Hall, Thomas Inks, Ralph Hardenbrook, Daniel Lower, 
William Maywhorter, Lewis Mills, George Moore, David Ream, William 
Stienberger, John Smith, Fred Schlieff, D. M. Shoup, Joseph Stewart, James 
Scrivener, Isaac Tibbot, David Tuttle, James Thayer, William Waldron, Lewis 
Waldron, Hiram Waldron, Wesley Waldron, Wilson L. Wells, Henry Walker, 
David Woodward, Nathaniel Woodward, George Woodward, John Zimmerman 
and others. 

But little need be said regarding the general growth and improvement. 
The earliest settlers in any new country are a courageous class of men known 
as "squatters," whose occupation is hunting and trapping, upon which they 
almost wholly depend for subsistence. As soon as the game begins to disap- 



224 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

pear, they likewise disappear, following the retreating animals out into the wil- 
derness. In their places came the vanguard of the grand army of settlement 
and progress. It is always the case that the enterprising, the energetic and 
ambitious, are the ones who first brave the hardships of a new country ; and 
who thereby write their names on the most prominent page of the history of 
their locality. It is always the venturesome, the daring spirit, that swings oflF 
from the great army, and battles desperately and singly in new fields of 
achievement. Such men are not imitators ; they are imitated. They do not 
follow ; they lead. They do not wait, like Micawber, for something to turn up ; 
they turn something up. They are the initiators of genuine pi-ogress, the sons 
of genius, and the founders of civilization. The faces of these men are yet 
seen in the county, though their traps and rifles have been exchanged long ago 
for plows and reapers. Every stream knew them ; every hill and dale felt the 
pressure of their feet ; every grove re-echoed with their shout, or with the 
report of their rifle. Their rude dug-out canoes swept silently across the lakes 
beneath the strength of their sturdy arms. All is changed. Waving seas of 
grain flood the uplands and the lowlands ; the stealthy footfall of the Indian 
hunter is no more ; the busy hum of human life has taken the place of silence 
and shadow. 

Mr. Isaac Tibbot, about whom a great deal has been written, has resided 
permanently in the township since 1834. He is a man of enormous will 
power, in whom a settled conviction amounts to reality. He tells many inter- 
esting stories concerning the early settlement of the county. One day in mid- 
winter he saddled his horse, and started out to hunt deer. He soon ran across 
the fresh "spoor" of two very large bucks that apparently had gone into a 
swamp not over five minutes before. He tied his horse and started in with 
rifle ready ; but a moment later the wary animals, hearing his footsteps on the 
snow, ran out of the swamp and away at a rapid rate into the forest. He hur- 
ried back, mounted his horse, and swiftly followed. He saw them far ahead, in 
open land, turning at right angles to their former course; and, knowing 
that he could head them off", he ran across (leaving his horse), and, stopping 
behind a tree, shot the loading buck dead, knowing that by so doing he could 
get the other, as it would wait for its comrade. The living animal came up to 
its companion, but was so concealed by brush that the hunter could only suc- 
ceed in wounding it in the ribs, at which it made off in short bounds, being 
badly hurt, and stopped a short distance to look back for its mate. Again the 
brush was so thick that a second shot only wounded it in the jaw, but the animal 
was brought to the ground. Mr. Tibbot ran forward to cut its throat, but it 
scrambled to its feet, and, with fiery eyes, and fur erected along its back like a 
cat, dashed headlong at the hunter, knocking him violently into the snow. He 
quickly recovered, and, leaping up, with one blow severed the jugular vein of 
the angry animal standing over him, whereupon it fell and was soon dead. Mr. 
Tibbot also tells that he one time chased on horseback, on " Ore Prairie," in 



.«"^^ 




§ 



% 




r^^ yf/^^nT^e^/az^^t^Ly 



ELKHART TP. 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 225 

York Township, a large bear, and was often within a few feet of it: but, hav- 
ing no gun, the animal escaped. 

The village of Pittsburg was laid out by John and William Knight, proprie- 
tors, on the east half of the northeast quarter of the east half of the southeast 
quarter of Section 30, Township 35, Range 9 east, in June, 1837 ; and was 
about eighty rods from the juncture of the two forks of the river. Ninety -six 
lots were laid out in blocks of eight lots each ; and a number of the former 
were donated for public purposes. An effort was made to sell the lots, and 
build up the incipient village; but, beyond the partial erection of a single 
building for Jacob Kessler, nothing was done, and Pittsburg died on paper. 

In about 1838, Joseph Steinberger erected a saw-mill at what is now Spring- 
field. Although the mill was a good one, it ran slowly, like those of the gods, 
often continuing during the entire night, so great was the demand. In a few 
years, Mr. Steinberger died, and his son William assumed control ; but, after a 
number of years, the property was destroyed by fire, probably by an incen- 
diary. William Colwell erected a "corn cracker" on the river, farther west, 
about the time the county was organized. The event was celebrated with a 
country dance. Gideon Schlotterback was the fiddler, and, it is said, he ac- 
quitted himself in the most superb manner. A floor of puncheons had been 
laid and some seven or eight couples were present to enjoy themselves. The 
boys filled themselves with the proper quantity of the "extract of corn," and 
then the way they came down on the "double shuffle," the "Virginia reel" 
and the "French four" was a sight to behold. If you want any further par- 
ticulars, dear reader, you must question Isaac Tibbot, who swung himself on 
that occasion. Ask him about those pies. The mill, in addition to cracking 
corn, also tried to crack wheat into flour, but the specimen turned out, unbolted 
and unclean, was not regarded as the best that could be done, even in the back- 
woods. The mill ran about two years. About this time, the Stumps, father 
and son, erected a saw-mill on the same site. It did not amount to much and 
soon ceased running. Mr. Steinberger also built a grist-mill at Springfield 
and operated it from the same water power that ran his saw-mill. It had two 
run of stone and was an excellent mill for that day. It was destroyed with the 
saw-mill. John Colwell conducted a distillery in the western pai't for a short 
time, at a very early day. The first bridge in the township, across Elkhart, 
was constructed, in about 1838, by six or eight of the old settlers. It was 
nearly a month before it was finished. John Zimmerman erected a tannery a 
short distance north of Wawaka in 1842, and conducted it until 1869, making 
large quantities of excellent leather, which found a ready sale. Mr Zimmer- 
man is now a merchant in Wawaka. 

If the plat of the village of Springfield was ever recorded, such fact is 
not known to the writer. Lots were laid out, probably by William Pierson, 
who built the first dwelling at quite an early day. David Chapole started the 
first store, having a small stock of dry goods, groceries and whisky. A Mr. 



226 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Farver opened the first store of any consequence. He sold from a large, fine 
stock of goods. Mr. Smith probably came next with goods. Then came John 
Knepper, William Stieuberger and others. The village reached the pinnacle of 
its fame in 1845, at which period it was considered a promising town, having 
two stores, a saloon, a grist-mill, a saw-mill, a church, a schoolhouse and about 
fifteen or more families. A post office was established early, being a station on 
a mail route extending from Good Hope to Lima (probably). The lots were 
first laid out not far from 1838, very probably by Mr. Pierson. After IS-lo. 
the town began to decay, new buildings failed to appear, old ones became dingy 
and dilapidated, the streets became almost deserted and Springfield remained 
but the ghost of its former fame. The ghost yet lingers, reluctant to leave the 
old place, so fraught with dim but cheerful memories. 

Wawaka owes its life and existence to the Lake Shore Railway. Eighty 
lots (a portion on each side of the railroad) were laid out in February, 1857, 
by Isaac Tibbot, proprietor. Tibbot's residence was the first at the village, 
having been erected in 1834. William Knepper built the next house, early in 
1857. George Stienberger (the miller) erected one about the same time. The 
growth was slow but sure, as still waters run deep. Mr. Tibbot erected the 
first store-building, into which Mr. Miles placed an average stock of dry goods 
and notions. After a few years, David Hale succeeded him, and finally, Elias 
Strous, of Ligonier, obtained possession of the building. John Knepper was 
the second to begin merchandising dry goods and groceries. John Thomson 
soon appeared and began labor at the same pursuit. Since then, many changes 
have been made. Dr. Goodson went into the Strous building with a stock of 
drugs. Carpenters, blacksmiths and business men of all kinds appeared, and 
the outlook of the village was bright. In about 1867, Ellis & Mummert (the 
latter owning a one-fourth interest) erected a large, frame, three-storied grist- 
mill, placing therein four run of stone, the whole structure completed costing 
$15,000. This was an excellent thing for the village, and the mill soon re- 
ceived an excellent patronage. Farmers from all quarters came to mill and, 
of course, traded more or less with all the business men. All this had the 
eflfect to infuse life into industrial pursuits in the village. The mill manufact- 
ured as high as 100 barrels of flour daily, much of which was shipped East. 
The plan of the owners was to buy their wheat at the board of trade in Chi- 
cago at times when the markets were very low, shipping the grain to Wawaka, 
where it was made into flour, then re-shipping it, in the latter form, to the 
Eastern market. The railroad company permitted them to do this, charging 
them for freightage as if the grain had not been unloaded at Wawaka. This 
enabled the owners to make handsome profits from their sales. By an unfort- 
unate accident, the mill and all it contained were destroyed by fire in 1874, 
and has not since been rebuilt, greatly to the misfortune of the village and 
surrounding country. At the same time, a shingle factory and saw-mill were 
also burned. It is said, that the erection of the mill enhanced the value of 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 227 

real estate for several miles around, and that when the property was destroyed 
by fire, town and country values slightly depreciated. If this is true, it would 
be profitable to the citizens to offer some man a bonus to build another mil] 
of the same kind. Immediately after the destruction of the grist-mill, Mr. 
Mummert built his present saw- mill, placing therein a fifty -horse power engine 
and a double circular saw. This is an excellent mill. Mr. Mummert is manu- 
facturing handles of all sorts, and large quantities of "shims." Quite a number 
of years ago, Mr. Dodge built his saw-mill, which, in its time, has done good work. 
He has added to this a planing-mill, and is now manufacturing wooden handles, 
"shims" and staves. Solomon Mier, Strous Brothers, Sheets & Wertheimer 
and Welt, Beck & Co. are buying grain. They shipped about 50,000 bushels 
of wheat from the village in 1880. In 1872, a conflagration swept away the 
depot and a number of other buildings ; loss, several thousand dollars. A few 
years ago, another fire destroyed several buildings on the east side, north of the 
railroad. The present population of the village is nearly four hundred. Dr. 
W. H. Simmon was probably the first resident physician. After him, among 
others, have been Drs. Martin, Ward and Bartley. 

Isaac Tibbot says, the first schoolhouse in the township was built by him- 
self, his brother Samuel, John and William Knight, Thomas Pierson, John 
Coder, and two or three others, as early as the summer of 1834, or prior to his 
marriage, which occurred late in the autumn of 1834. The house was built of 
round logs, was 16x16 feet, was located in the southwestern part, and was used 
until a larger and better one was erected in about 1837, at Springfield. The 
house was intended only as a temporary affair, to last a year or two, or until a 
better one could be built. It was probably the first building in the county 
erected wholly as a schoolhouse. Thomas Pierson taught a term of school in 
this building during the winter of 1834-35, having some twelve scholars, who 
came to him from three miles around. He did it more as a matter of accom- 
modation than as an expectation of pecuniary return. The house at Springfield 
was built of logs, and was located on the land of Mr. Pierson, the founder of 
the village, who donated the lot for the purpose. After being used about eight 
years, a frame, combined church and schoolhouse, was built near it, and this 
building was used many years. The third schoolhouse was erected about a 
mile and a half east of Wawaka, but was not finished nor occupied. The fourth 
was built in the Jones neighborhood, in the extreme northeastern part, but the 
date of its erection could not be learned by the writer. The fifth was a log 
structure erected in Wawaka, on the west side of Main street, north of the 
railroad ; this house was built not far from 1847. It is thought that Enoch 
Kent was the first teacher. The large b(h)oys did not like Mr. Kent ; Mr. 
Kent did not like the large boys — mutual antagonism ! Mr. Kent was afraid 
of the large boys ; the large boys were not afraid of Mr. Kent — fear not mut- 
ual ! Large boys told Mr. Kent to "git" out; Mr. Kent wisely and rapidly 
obeyed. The school ceased then and thei'e. {Is brevity the soul of wit ?) 



228 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

This house was used but a few years, another being erected a half mile south 
of town, and it, also, was used but a few years. A short time after the village 
of Wawaka was laid out, the combined church and schoolhouse (yet standing) 
was built. This was used until the present frame school building was con- 
structed, a few years ago. It was between 184.5 and 1855, that the schools of 
the township began to show the first important improvements. Better houses 
were built then, and better teachers employed at better wages. 

The first church in Wawaka was the schoolhouse referred to above. It was 
occupied by the Methodists for many years, until finally their frame church was 
built by subscription. There is an industrious little society here working pa- 
tiently in the vineyard of the Master. The German Methodists have just 
erected a fine church in town at a cost of about $3,000. Elkhart Town- 
ship, as all others in the county and surrounding counties, was visited by cir- 
cuit ministers as soon as there were a sufficient number of settlers to warrant 
such a visit. They appeared as early as 1831, and held little meetings in the 
log cabins, where the neighbors for miles around gathered to listen to the rude 
eloquence of pioneer preachers. In those days, Baptists met Methodists and 
Presbyterians, and others, all on the oae basis of Christian character and life. 
The worship was quaint and homely, but the happy hearts were there ; the 
bright faces, filled with visions of the angels of God, were turned heaven- 
ward ; the rude speech was the song of the spirit, and the joyous acclamations 
were the release of the weary soul from the burden of sin. Neighbor met 
neighbor, as the Nazarene directed two thousand years ago, with brotherly 
affection. Bitter reflections — -temptations of the evil one — were cast back in- 
to the chasm of sin ; and tlie earnest worshipers sang hosannas on the summit 
of the mountain of God's holiness. Ah, there is an inexpressible joy, a be- 
wildering hope, in the blissful re-action from death in sin to the happy health of 
Christian life. Our forefathers realized this when they met in God's temple. 
They loved to assemble thus, as we do now ; and to their faith in God do we 
owe the happy homes we now enjoy, and the numberless churches that dot our 
land as the stars in heaven's dome. It may be said, to conclude, that the old 
schoolhouse at Springfield was used by various Christian denominations for 
many years. Great revivals were held there that yet linger in the memory 
and heart like the recollection of a new sweet burst of music. James Latta, 
well known to everybody, was often there ; and his face will remain, while life 
lasts, in the grateful hearts of hundreds who were converted under his minis- 
trations. Rev. Posey often came there, as did Revs. Miller, Hall and others. 
A few years ago, the Free Will Baptists built a church — a neat frame structure 
— in the northeastern corner. The society had been organized many years be- 
fore, and had worshiped in another building. Rev. Nicholas Jones, an excel- 
lent man of great energy, had mucli to do with the life of this society. Many 
years ago, the Lutherans living in the northern part became sufl^ciently num- 
erous to render the erection of a church necessary. A frame structure was 



r 






SPART/I TP. 



L 



SPARTA TOWNSHIP. 231 

soon built, at a cost of about $1,200. A Sunday school was organized, and 
efforts were made to enjoy the Christian religion in the new house. Ministers 
were employed, and the membership began to increase. There have been times 
since when the society was very weak, financially and in numbers, but it still 
lives on, as it should — in faith — that many sweet hours may yet be spent in 
the old house. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

by weston a. goodspbed. 

Sparta Township— Reminiscences of an Old Settler— First Officers and 
Election — Milling and Other Industrial Interests— The First 
County Seat— Village of Cuojiwell— Experiences of an Early Ped- 
agogue-Education AND Religion. 

SO far as known, the first man to locate within what is now Sparta Town- 
ship was John L. Powers, who had previously lived in a small log cabin, 
8x10, in the southwestern part of Perry Township, where he kept tavern. 
Some time during the year 1832, he establisheJ himself and family a short dis- 
tance north of where the railroad crosses the Goshen road. He was not only 
the first permanent settler in Sparta Township, but was also one of the first in 
the county, perhaps about the sixth. This man also lived for a time in the 
western part of the township, in a cave, which is known to this day as " Powers' 
Cave." Powers was eccentric, and seemed capable of sustaining himself and 
family " where birds would almost be compelled to carry knapsacks." After a 
few years, he moved West, and his subsequent movements are unknown. 
About the time that Powers located in Sparta (1832), John Dillon also appeared 
and built his cabin in the eastern part, where he resided for a number of years, 
but finally removed to his present residence in Washington Township. Here 
he yet lives, hearty and hale, with active mind busy with the memories of otlier 
years. 

Soon after these settlements, and prior to the oriranization of the countv 
in 1836, there came to the township the following settlers: John Conklin, 
Richard Bray, Richard Jeffries, James Mael, Robert McAfee, Mitchell Mc. 
Clintock, John Johns, Jacob Baker, Charles Murray, Obadiah Tilton, Hart- 
well Coleman, Daniel Ohlwine, Andrew C. Douglass, Henry Weade, John Davis, 
and perhaps others. Immediately afterward, there came Aaron Noe, Michael 
Beam, Daniel Beam, Charles White, Andrew B. Upson, Nathaniel Prentice, 
Richard Stone, William Weade, John Spear, John C. Johnson, Jacob Kiser, 
Daniel Stall, John Moore, G. W. Mitchell, James Marrow, Elisha Mayfield, 
Lawrence Miller, Samuel Dungan, Alexander Doud, John Earnhart, William 
Glayd, Andrew Humphreys, James Smalley, John Spencer, William H. Upson, 
Thomas H. Wilson, John Pollock, James Pollock, Samuel Mars, Henry Miller, 
Richard Noe, George Prentice, George Platter, Brastus Atkins and others. 



232 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

A few of these men owned land in the township, but did not reside there. All , 
immediately began to prepare their farms for cultivation, and their homes for 
comfort. The following, from the pen of John Conklin, is given in full, as it I 
admirably represents the obstacles that were surmounted by the backwoods- i 
man. He says : " I left Ohio in the year 1835, and came to the State of || 
Indiana. I was quite a boy, but soon got me a young wife, and then life com- j 
menced in earnest. I had only $20 in my pocket, but we were both well and 
hearty, and provided with plenty of good pluck. I worked out. receiving 40 
and 50 cents per day, and bought some corn on Elkhart Prairie for $1 per 
bushel, and was glad to get it at that. We moved into a shop owned by Esquire 
Baut'h'man. Its dimensions were fourteen feet square, but it was large enough 
to contain all our furniture, which was not the finest in the world, though I 
made it myself. Our bedstead had but 07ie leg, and was corded up with linn 
bark. A clapboard was our table for the first meal, but as that was a little too 
primitive for comfort, I went to work the ne.xt day and made a table. My 
stove was a big liole cut in the side of the house, about eight feet wide, and the 
pipe was run up with sticks and mud, and inside was a nice big ' niggerhead' 

rock and more mud. Our cooking utensils consisted of a little bake-oven, 

which we managed to convert, as occasion required, into a mush-kettle, tea- 
kettle, stew-pan, frying-pan, and sometimes a coffee-pot. My ' chattels ' con- 
sisted of a three-year-old heifer— a present from my mother-in-law— a pig 
which weighed about one hundred pounds, and which I bought and paid for by 
clearing up an acre of heavily timbered land. These and a few chickens made 
me fee? pretty rich. I bought si.xty-eight acres of land, and made the first 
payment with my $20. But I was not satisfied with my location, so I traveled 
for" another piece of land, one mile from the first. It was in heavy woods, but 
we were not easily frightened, so, taking my wife, I moved into my new place, 
camping under a big beech tree in the thickest of the timber, where the wood- 
man's ax had never sounded, and the spice brush and papaw were so thick r 
you could not see three rods before you, and wolves howled on all sides at 12 
o'clock in the day. I cut and hewed the logs for my house, and in two weeks 
had a 'jubilee.' A large log heap answered the purpose of a stove to cook by, 
and a table was built, twelve feet long and three wide, upon which were spread 
the eatables for our neighbors, who had come to assist at the raising. A 
nei<:'hbor sometimes lived five or more miles away. Our house was raised that 
day° and we moved into it the same night. Then commenced the clearing up. 
I chopped down the trees, and my wife helped to pick up the brush. I still had \ 
to work by the day to make a living, but when my day's work was done I I 
could come home, where I always found plenty of good cheer in a substantial [ 
supper and a smiling wife. We would then often work until 10 or 11 o'clock ! 
at night, picking up and burning brush, but we always obeyed the command- I 
ment and observed the seventh day, or rather the first. I helped to clear on ; 
Perry's Prairie after the following fashion : As will be remembered, the oak ; 



SI'ARTA TOWNSHIP. 233 

grubs were as thick as they could stand. We would first chop them down, then 
take ten yoke of o.xen and one team of horses, and hitch them to a big plow that 
would run one foot deep and three feet wide. When everything was ready, the 
word to start was given, and then it was hurrah boys ! whip ! crack ! smash ! 
and the way the grubs would get out of the way was a caution to earthquakes. 
Thus it was that the prairie land was first cultivated, and thus it was that we 
got our start in the woods." 

John Johns moved west to Iowa after many years, and was finally made a 
delegate to the Chicago Convention when Lincoln was nominated for the Presi- 
dency. McClintock and Tilton were both squatters on the Indian reservation, 
and when the land was thrown into market, George Platter entered both of 
their farms before either had an opportunity of going to the land office for the 
same purpose. McClintock soon after died, and it is said his death was largely 
due to his being cheated out of his land. His house is said to have been 
haunted, and at the solemn hour of midnight passers-by could hear in weird, 
sepulchral tones the command, "Pay the widow, pay the widow!" Tilton 
returned to N"ew York. Charles White, when a child two years old, was made 
an orphan by the massacre of his parents at Wyoming, Penn. He was rescued 
from the savages by a man named White, and, as his real name was unknown, 
he adopted that of his benefactor. David Stall passed through a similar expe- 
riunce. When an infant in his mother's arras, both of his parents died on the 
voyage across the Atlantic from Germany to the United States. He was 
adopted by a man named Stall, whose name he bore, as his was unknown. 

Improvements went on in this township as in others. At the first election, 
in about 1838, only seven votes were polled, although there must have been 
living in the township then more than twice as many voters. Richard Bray 
had been appointed Inspector of Election by the County Commissioners, and the 
election was held at Sparta. He appointed two judges and two clerks of elec- 
tion, and then the first political "log-rolling" in Sparta began. There was 
not that gluttonous greed for office then as now, as official position was a hollow 
honor destitute of any remuneration, ft is said that at a subsequent election, 
when two men received the same number of votes for the same office, they 
played eucher to see which should serve, the one playing the poorer to take the 
empty honor. At the first election, James Mael was elected Constable and 
Thomas H. Wilson Justice of the Peace. The men present at this election are 
said to have been : James Mael, Thomas H. Wilson, Isaac Spencer, Wesley 
White, Richard Bray, William Baker and Charles Murray. On that' occasion 
all enjoyed the distinction of holding some office. Another election was held in 
August, on which occasion Aaron Noe and James Mael served as Judges and 
Wesley White and Nathaniel Prentice as Clerks. The election was hekfin the 
office of the County Clerk at Sparta. When the first court in the county 
convened at the house of Adam Engle, on Perry Prairie, there was present one 
Thomas Eckles, who carried more whisky than he could, if such a thing was 



234 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

possible. In his drunken carousals, Eckles disturbed the court, whereupon 
Engle, after endeavoring to induce him to remain quiet, offered U to any 
any one who would take the drunken man home. James Mael, of Sparta 
Township, who was a powerful man, accepted the offer at once ; but Eckles 
demurred, whereupon Mael picked him up and carried him until tired, and then 
dropped him on the ground. After this had been repeated a few times in a 
very rough manner, Eckles gladly recovered his equilibrium and agreed to 
walk. At the election of 1840, considerable political antagonism had been 
incited, and when it was discovered that a young man named Smalley, being 
under age, had polled his vote, it was thought best by some to contest the elec- 
tion of the day, and for that purpose the Judges of Election were taken in 
limbo, and the books examined. While it was clearly proved that Smalley was 
under age, and that he had cast his vote; yet, no other evidences being dis- 
closed, the matter was dropped. Forty votes were polled at the election of 1840. 
In about the year 1847, Thomas H. Bothwell and Thomas H. Wilson built 
the first saw-mill in the township, locating it in the southwestern part on Tur. 
key Creek. It was a water mill, with an up-and-down saw and an old flutter 
wheel, and had a capacity of about two thousand feet per day. A dam had 
been built across the stream, and a narrow race conveyed water to the wheel. 
The mill was quite well patronized; but, like those of the gods, " ground slowly," 
if it '• ground " at all. This mill was operated until about the year 1862, when 
it wastn some manner replaced by another, erected about half a mile down the 
stream, by Leander Eagles and Thomas H. Bothwell. The mill was a frame, 
with a circular saw, and was operated by these men for some three years, and 
then sold to David Gauz and George Mellinger, who removed it to Kosciusko 
'County. The present mill on the same site was erected in the spring of 1865, 
by Leander Eagles. It is operated by a thirty-five horse-power engine, and has 
a capacity of 6,000 to 8,000 feet per day. In 1853, xMr. Stall built a saw-mill 
one mile west of the residence of Nathaniel Prentice, but in a short time it was 
removed to Cromwell. Here it was owned and operated for a number of years 
bv various parties, and finally its timbers were used in the construction of the 
only grist-mill ever in the township. This mill is a large, low frame building, 
located at Cromwell, and was built by the Miller Brothers. Steam was em- 
ployed to operate the two run of stone, and for a few years considerable flour 
was manufactured, a portion of which was shipped to distant points by rail. 
The mill was closed last April. A number of years ago, Hezekiah Mayfield 
moved his saw-mill from the eastern part of the township to Cromwell. Here 
it has remained ever since under the management of different owners. It is an 
excellent mill, and turns out large quantities of native lumber, which is shipped 
to other localities. The old mill was practically replaced by the present one a 
short time ago. The Mayfield Saw-Mill had been built by Andrew and Cyrus 
Pollock, abott one and a half miles east of Cromwell. It afterward went to 
OeorgeHart, and finally to the Mayfields. A Mr. Cavanaugh operated a saw- 






■^ 



SPAPTA TP. 




SPARTA TOWNSHIP. 235 

mill in the southern part a number of years ago. He also manufactured some 
furniture, bedsteads, etc. Joel Sechrist also owned a saw-mill in the southern 
part, as did a Mr. Herron. These mills were amply sufficient to furnish all the 
lumber required for building purposes in the township. At first, water-milla 
were the only ones to be seen, but when steam was harnessed they disappeared. 

" Listen to the water-mill 

Through the live-long day ; 
How (he clanking of the wheels 

Wears the hours away ! 
LanguiJly the autumn wind 

Stirs the greenwood leaves ; 
From the fields the reapers sing, 

Binding up the sheaves ; 
And a proverb haunts my mind, 

As a spell is cast : 
' The mill will never grind 

With the water that has passed.' 

" Take the lesson to thyself. 

Loving heart and true ; 
Golden years are fleeting by. 

Youth is passing, too ; 
Learn to make the most of life. 

Lose no happy day. 
Time will never bring thee back 

Chances swept away ; 
Leave no tender word unsaid, 

Love while life shall last — 
' The mill will never grind 

With the water that has passed.' " 

Sparta Township can boast of having had the first brick-kiln in Northern 
Indiana. David Bourie says, that a man named Beers, in accordance with in- 
structions from the United States Government, manufactured enough brick from 
the soil of Sparta to build a brick house for the Chief Wah-wa-essa, or Flat 
Belly, as he was more familiarly known. All the facts in the case are unknown, 
but it is quite certain that at the time Flat Belly reserved the tract of land six 
miles square, the Government agreed to build him a brick house. The treaty 
was signed in 1816, but the exact date when the house was built is a matter of 
doubt. Mr. Bourie thinks it was erected in 1816, while others, who seem to 
know what they are talking about, place it as late as 1821. The workmen who 
erected the house came from Fort Wayne ; but their work was not of a first- 
class order, as, within a few years, the building tumbled down. The early set- 
tlers used the brick for chimneys, hearths, etc. 

The village of Sparta, which afterward became the first county seat of 
Noble County, was laid out on Sections 13 and 2-t, Township 34 north, Range 
8 east, in June, 1836. by Isaac Spencer and R. I. Dawson, owners and propri- 
etors. Two hundred and thirty-six lots were laid off into blocks of twelve lots 
each, and certain lots and blocks were donated to the public for school and 



236 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

church purposes, as was also a public square. The village did not grow as rap- 
idly as the proprietors desired, and perhaps its population never exceeded 
twenty-five. Col. John Spencer and Wesley White both kept store there, one 
of them beginning not far from the year 1838, or perhaps the spring of 1839. 
They kept for sale a few groceries, dry goods, notions, liquor, etc. A post 
office was secured at Sparta as early as the fall of 1836, and Isaac Spencer 
figured in the capacity of Postmaster. Although this village was the county 
seat, no court house or jail was built, but there was a small building erected for 
the county offices. Immediately after the county seat was re-located at Augusta, 
Sparta became almost deserted, and soon afterward wholly so. In 1838, Nel- 
son Prentiss, Esq., opened a small store at New Hope, a name applied to a 
post office in the northern part of the township. He soon abandoned the under- 
taking. Prior to that time and in the same place, Isaac Spencer sold goods 
that had been obtained at Toledo, Ohio. These were probably the first sold in 
the township. 

Cromwell, the only other village in the township except Indian Village, 
was not laid out until June, 1853. Harrison Wood, the proprietor, employed 
the County Surveyor, and laid out at the juncture of Jefferson and Orange 
streets twenty-eight lots from the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter 
of Section 16. Lots were offered for sale, and the village began to grow slowly. 
In the year 1849, Abel Mullen had built a log house where the village now 
stands, and had also erected a small building and begun the manufacture of 
black salts, from ashes obtained from the surrounding cabins and log-heaps. 
His buildings were located about fifty rods north of the cross-roads. His ash- 
ery was not a very profitable venture, and was abandoned within a few years. 
He did not manufacture more than twelve tons while thus engaged. He was 
the first Postmaster. Mr. Wood gave the name to the village from the follow- 
ing reason, as stated by himself: '' Cromwell was a good Republican, and I'll 
name the town in his honor." Some time after the village was laid out, Aaron 
Moore opened a store of dry goods, groceries, notions, etc., valued at about 
$1,000. Moore continued selling until about the time the railroad was com- 
pleted in the township. A. D. Maggert also opened a store of groceries and 
liquor, and secured a profitable business, but did not continue longer than a few 
months for reasons best known to himself James Parks is said to have been 
the first Postmaster, though he was soon succeeded by Aaron Moore. Mr. 
Vanderford is Uncle Sam's agent at present. Jeremiah Carstetter sold goods 
at an early day ; his stock was valued at $600, and Jerry is said to have made I 
a graceful appearance behind the counter. Mr. Mullen also followed the same 
pursuit. The village was never larger than at present. It has good stores, 
and has become quite a point for the shipment of grain. Saloons, of which 
there are several, are patronized better than accords with the wishes of the vil- 
lagers, who long to blot them out effectively and immediately. Isaac McCam- 
mon was the first blacksmith. George W. Reed manufactured wagons, sleighs, 



SPARTA TOWNSHIP. 237 

etc.. beginning some sixteen years ago, and continuing ten or twelve years. Dr. 
John Sants located in the village in the spring of 1858, where he has remained 
practicing since. Dr. Tucker was in early, as was also Dr. Crump. Scott & 
Wylie are selling dry goods and groceries at present. Charles Gran opened a 
grocery, but sold to Enos Messimore, who yet continues. Elias Jones began 
selling drugs about nine years ago, but sold to Samuel McAuson, who later 
sold to Richard Hersey. Jesse Berger opened a hardware store some four 
years ago, but six months ago sold to Richard Mason. The village, which is 
scattered like the hypothetical old woman's eggs, has a present population of 
over four hundred. 

It is the design in these pages to record township history, with enough 
incident to lend attraction to the narration. Those who look for interesting 
incidents merely, or for the romance of backwoods life, have no right to expect 
such when history only is promised. People must distinguish between history 
and biography, and also between these on the one side and romance and sickly 
sentiment on the other. The latter will be left to the novelist, who may or may 
not find a fruitful field in Sparta Township, in which to labor. History is not 
poetry, nor romance, but records with unvarnished emphasis the sober facts 
which control the destiny of communities. It is a record of man's experience, 
as one of a social family ; and is expected to be of value, as the past is an 
index of the future. 

The historian in the Noble County Atlas says that the first school in 
Sparta Township was taught in 1837 by Achsah Kent. The writer has been 
unable to learn anything regarding this school. If such a school was taught, it 
was undoubtedly the first, although others sprang up soon afterward. Nathaniel 
Prentice says the first schoolhouse was built near where the depot stands at 
Cromwell by Messrs. Baker, Upson, McAfee, Duncan, Morrow, Converse, Doug- 
lass, Murray, and others, in the year 1840. The building was constructed of 
round logs, and was about twenty feet square. It was similar to all the early ones, 
descriptions of which are found in this volume. Ross Rowan was employed to 
teach the first term, which he did for $10 per month and board. Rowan had a 
family, and lived out of the neighborhood, and, therefore, was compelled to 
submit to the indescribable punishment of "boarding around." Those who 
have not passed through that ordeal can have no idea of the tortures which 
man can bear. The punishment is severe enough, heaven knows, in civilized 
communities ; but in the backwoods, among backwoods people, tongue fails to 
paint the picture in fit colors. Mr. Rowan was the fortunate possessor of a 
good constitution, and survived. He knew how to use the rod, as his scholars 
often found to their sorrow; and when his stentorian voice thundered com- 
mands, implicit obedience was promptly rendered. The school was a success 
for that day, and gave satisfaction, a statement that is not true of some of the 
other early ones. This house was used but a few years. The wife of John C. 
Johnson taught in this building in about the year 1811. During the winter of 



238 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

1841-42, David Bauckman taught. On Christmas Day he was barred out by 
the scholars, and as he refused to furnish them what was desired, he was kept 
out of the schoolhouse for several days. He lingered in the vicinity hoping to 
catch the scholars off their guard, but they were vigilant, fastening the door and 
windows, and keeping possession of the building during the night. Finally, 
the teacher agreed to a modified proposal of the scholars, and school began 
again. Leander Eagles was employed to teach the session of 1842—43, which 
he did for $10 per month and board. On the occasion of his birthday, which 
was the 20th of December, the scholars barred him out, and handed him 
through the window a paper, upon which was written a demand for a peck of 
apples, a peck of candy, and a gallon of whisky. There were several large 
scholars, among them being Jackson Morrow, Frank Duncan and two young 
ladies, sisters of Jackson Morrow. Mr. Eagles refused to furnish the whisky, 
but agreed to treat to apples and candy if the scholars would admit him ; but 
they positively refused unless the liquor, as well as the other articles, was forth- 
coming. After the teacher had tried .several flank movements on the scholars 
to gain possession of the room without success, he repaired to the Trustees for 
instruction and advice, and was informed that he had properly refused to fur- 
nish whisky, and was told to break down the door with an ax, if the scholars 
still refused to admit him. Under the stimulus of this advice, he again 
appeared at the schoolhouse, armed with an ax, and after again promising the 
scholars a treat of apples and candy, but no whisky, and being again refused 
admittance, he deliberately battered the door down, and strode into the midst of 
the astonished children with uplifted ax, ordering them to take their seats 
immediately or there would be trouble. The scholars saw that their citadel had 
been taken, and realizing that discretion was the better part of valor, they sur- 
rendered unconditionally and took their seats. They missed getting the 
expected treat on that occasion ; but as they behaved themselves thereafter, 
their teacher treated them on Christmas to apples and candy ; but the large ' 
boys wei'e not contented, for they went into the woods where they had hid a gal- 
lon of whisky, and were soon under the blissful effects of King Alcohol. 

The sessions of school in this house were not the first in the township. It 
was a common thing all over the county to transform vacated dwellings, and 
sometimes those that had not been vacated, into schoolhouses. During the 
summer of 1838, Zillah Eagles, then in her thirteenth year, taught school in 
the New Hope District, in an unoccupied part of a double log cabin. She 
received $1 per week and boarded around, and to this day the old settlers 
speak of her school as having given excellent satisfaction. The children of 
Richard Bray, Richard Stone, Henry Miller and others were in attendance. 

In 1838, Mrs. Edgerton, daughter of John Spear, taught the children of 
T. H. Wilson, James Mael, John Johns and a few others, in an addition to Mr. 
Mael's house; but this was the only term there, as a vacated log dwelling was 
fitted up and used a few years. It was located on tlie south side of Indian 







SPARTA TR 



SPARTA TOWNSHIP. 241 

Creek, and was used until the erection of the first schoolhouse in the district 
(No. 9), in about 1844. The first teacher in this house was Augustus Frink, 
who received $12 per month and board. No real schoolhouse was built in the 
New Hope district until about twenty-five years ago. Mr. Stone's old log 
dwelling was used several years, as was also a tannery building owned by John 
Davis. The second term taught in District No. 9 was during the summer of 
1839 by Myra, daughter of Nathan Frink. She received $1.2.5 per week and 
boarded around. The session was held in an old dwelling. During the winter 
of 1840-41, William H. Prentice taught in the last mentioned building, re- 
ceiving $10 per month and was offered his board free, but chose to board at 
home. The first school in District 4 was taught, in about 1855, by William 
Hersey, in an old log dwelling. After the old log schoolhouse at Cromwell 
was abandoned, no other was built where the village now stands until about 
1860, when a frame structure was erected, which was used until about four 
years ago, when a two-storied brick house, about 28x48, was built, at an esti- 
mated cost of $2,000. Two teachers are now employed in the village. When 
the citizens of Cromwell desired to build themselves a separate schoolhouse 
from Districts 4 and 5, they met with bitter opposition, and it was only after 
several years of maneuvering that the desired results were accomplished. The 
village now has an excellent school. It is known as School District 10. Al- 
most every district in the township now has a fine new brick schoolhouse and 
creditable schools. 

There are two churches in Cromwell, Lutheran and Methodist, the former 
being built a year earlier than the latter, and both about twelve years ago, at 
an approximate cost, each, of about $2,200. Efforts were made at first, by 
members of both organizations, to build a union chui'ch; but it was soon dis- 
covered that this could not be accomplished, owing to the rigid views of several 
of the most prominent members. Among the leading Methodists were Abraham 
Mayfield, David Pollock, Porter Green, Dr. H. G. Tucker and Richard May- 
field. Among the Lutherans were A. D. Maggert, Thomas F. Taylor, George W. 
Reed, Adam Conner and Jonathan Houtz. The Lutherans first organized in 
the schoolhouse, about sixteen years ago. Each society has a prosperous little 
Sunday school. In about the year 1860, the United Brethren, assisted by 
outsiders, built a frame church, about 24x38, at Indian Village. Among the 
leading members were Henry Shulty, John Hartzell, David Stoll, James Miller 
and their families and others. This house was used until three years ago, when 
a fine new brick church was built at a cost of nearly $-3,500. The society is 
at present in a prosperous condition. Ten years ago, the Christian denomina- 
tion, with the help of outsiders, built a fine brick church in the southern part, 
at a cost of some $2,000. Leading members were the Ohlwines, Nathaniel 
Prentice, William Weed, Perry Galloway, Harrison Galloway and others. 
Their first minister was Rev. Henry Winebrener, of Noble Township, who 
preached for the society once a month. They have a fair organization and are 



242 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

doing well. The first United Brethren minister was Rev. Joseph Miller, but 
he was soon succeeded by Rev. Mr. Forbes. Sparta Township thus has four 
churches, and all are doing well. 



CHAPTER XV. 

bt weston a. goodspeed. 

Noble Township— Narrative of Isaac Tibbot— Names of Early Settlers— 
A Bear Story— Johx G. Hall's "Corn Cracker" and Saw-Mill— Other 
Industries— The Leading Town of the County— Bristol and Noble- 
viLLE— Schools and CnuRcnES. 

A MAN named Joel Bristol, well known by every one, was the first white 
man to enter what is now Noble County, for the purpose of perma- 
nent settlement.* The following concerning this important event is narrated 
by Isaac Tibbot, of Wawaka, who, though at that time a stripling of seven- 
teen, came to the county with Mr. Bristol : " After the death of my mother, we 
(her children) found ourselves stripped of about everything, whether by fraud 
or otherwise I will not say. Mr. Joel Bristol, who had married my mother's 
sister, took charge of us. and we accompanied him to what is now Noble County, 
where we located on what is known as the Bristol Farm, three and a half miles 
southeast of Wolf Lake, on the 4th day of April, 1827, since which time I 
have been a citizen of Noble County. After we settled here, the census of 
what is now Noble County, if taken, would have been as follows : Joel Bristol 
and wife, Samuel Tibbot, Isaac Tibbot, William Tibbot and three sisters, in 
all eight persons. Our nearest neighbor was on the Blue River in the direction 
of Fort Wayne, six miles distant. The nearest on the west, on the South Bend 
trail, was near Benton, in Elkhart County, about twenty-five miles distant. 
Days and weeks would pass, and we would see no human being except our own 
family and the natives, who were plenty all around us, and who were generally 
friendly ; but they would sometimes pilfer what they could get hold of. Of 
those who came with me, Bristol and his wife are dead, all my brothers and 
sisters have left, and I alone remain of those who first located in this wilder- 
ness, which has since become one of the most desirable counties of Indiana. 
We were shut out almost from the world, but we saw in the future a better state 
of things. Our nearest post office was at Fort Wayne until 1831, when an 
office was established on Perry's Prairie, at Henry Millar's, but was shortly 
afterward removed to Jacob Shobe's. I think the first family that settled in the 
county after we came was that of Levi Perry, which settled on the south side 
of the prairie. The next was John Knight : the third, John L. Powers ; the 
fourth, Richard Stone ; then Isaiah, Samuel and James Dungan, and Charles 

*Mr Prentiss of Albion, states that the Tillage of Wolf Lake was laid out much earlier than is generally sup- 
posed iind before any vfritten or printed authentic date recorded of the fact. The editor has heen unable to discover 
traces' of any such settlement. If Mr. Prentiss is correct, it is unfortunate thiit the tacts either have not been recorded 
before this. 'or have not been discovered by some of the historic.il force. 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 243 

Murray, a son-in-law of Isaiah Dungan. The principal reason why I think 
Perry settled first is that I helped to raise all the cabins, far and near, and 
Perry's was the first I helped to raise. It was in the winter, either the latter 
part of 1829 or first of 1830. I went on foot from where I then lived about 
twelve miles, through snow one foot deep, and carried a piece of bread and meat 
for my dinnei', which was frozen solid when I was ready to 'dine. I carried up 
one corner of the building. There were but few persons present, and the men 
on the corners had to come down and help put up the logs. This was no 
unusual case. We went to help raise all the cabins within ten or twelve miles, 
and here I publicly make the assertion that I have helped to raise more cabins, 
have carried up more corners, and built more stick chimneys than any other 
man in Noble County." 

No other settlers located in the township until some two or more years had 
elapsed from the time of the Bristol settlement. Several families then came in. 
Prior to 1836, the year the county was organized, the following men appeared 
and settled in the township : Joel Bristol, John G. Hall, John Skinner, John 
Shannon, Humphrey Nichols, Jacob Busz and his sons John, Simon, Henry and 
Jesse, S. Sandford, Peter Becker, David, William and Washington Sandford, 
David Winebrenner and his sons Peter, Jacob and David, S. W. Murphy, 
Mr. Benner and a large family, Newman Scarlett and his sons Horace and 
Almon, Barney Scarlett and his sons Henry, William, Chester and Albert, 
Jacob Marker, Samuel Jones, J. W. Elliott, Alexander Swaney, Thomas J. 
Pickens, Rolan Stewart, Ephraim Scarlett, John Skinner, Ephraim Skinner, 
Mr. Driver, Mr. Lonker, John Muncey, Mclntire Seymour, Patrick C. 
Miller, Thomas Smith, Esquire Knowles, Thomas Shepard, Jacob Haynes, Dr. 
Elias Jones, Andrew Humphrey, and many others. In 1844, the following 
men, the greater number of whom lived in the township on land outside the vil- 
lage of Wolf Lake, then the only village in the township, owned land in the 
township : Otis D. Allen, Henry G. Allen, Cyrus Armstrong, Joel Bristol, 
Jacob Busz, Richard L. Britton, Robson L. Broome, T. K. Breckinridge, James 
Baird, Joel Benford, Samuel Butterbaugh, John Butterbaugh, T. H. Botts, 
Leonard Collier, James Carter, Julius Coleman, Henry Cooper, David Douglass, 
Jonathan Elliott, Jonah Evans, John Edgar. Robert E. Fleming, Joseph 
Foster, Benjamin Grabille, John G. Hall, Jacob Haynes, Arba Harda, John 
M. Herndon, Andrew Humphreys, Joseph Hackman, John Horning, Mr- 
Henderson, F. A. Harris, Elias Jones, Thomas Mitchell, John Muncey, John 
Mayfield, Patrick Miller, Abel Millington, G. W. Moore, Humphrey Nichols, 
Lewis Nichols, John Olinger, Martin Overly, William Perry, John Rollins, 
Sylvester Ross, A. L. Rose, Madison Roice, Jesse Rider, A. L. Rider, William 
Rider, Jonathan Rollins, Matthew M. Rollins, Charles G. Swain, John Smith, 
John Skinner, Ephraim Skinner, Alexander Stangland, Mclntire Seymour, 
Newman Scarlett, Barney Scarlett, Ephraim Scarlett, Thomas Smith, F. E. 
Starkey, John Utt, Abraham Utt, John Voris, Mrs. Elizabeth Sandford, Har- 



244 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

rison Wood, Daniel Winebrenner, Anthony Wertz, John Warner, Joseph Whit- 
ridge, Jonah Wells, Harvey Westphal and John Young. 

From the first of the above catalogues it will be seen that for five years prior 
to 1836, the settlers came into the township very rapidly. They located largely 
along the Fort Wayne and Goshen road, and soon the old rough log cabin 
could be seen here and there throughout the township. When a new settler 
appeared, the neighbors, for many miles around, if necessary, turned out will- 
ingly to assist in erecting his cabin, into which the family often moved at night. 
The evident reason for this conduct was that the pioneer was anxious to have 
the country around him speedily settled. To encourage this, allurements of all 
sorts were brought to bear upon the immigrants to induce them to stop in cer- 
tain localities. It also gave rise to the custom of erecting cabins for new set- 
tlers, and of refusing to erect cabins for those who were not wanted as neighbors. 
The lands were entered at Fort Wayne, though for the first few years no land 
was purchased, the settler possessing but a "squatter sovereignty" in the soil. 
Unscrupulous and avaricious men practiced every artifice possible to defraud 
the immigrants of their money or their land, and too often they were success- 
ful. It is stated that the land agents were in connivance with these sharks in 
their nefarious operations, and permitted them to have unlawful access to the 
land records, for the purpose of gaining knowledge detrimental to the pecuniary 
interests of the settler. This charge has been well substantiated. Many a poor 
settler has been defrauded in this manner of all he possessed. 

The erection of the log cabin was the first thing on the programme of pio- 
neer life. The next was to clear off a garden where a few potatoes and other 
vegetables might be raised. In the meantime the family often subsisted almost 
entirely upon wild meat, which included venison, wild turkey, coon and squirrel. 
The best hunt,ers could furnish the best living for their families in cases of this 
kind, although a few years later, when game became scarce, and vegetables and 
grain abundant, the conditions were reversed. Then it was that hunter's fami- 
lies were called upon to suffer until they were finally either driven to work or 
driven off into the wilderness, where game was still abundant. Thousands of 
deer wandered through the woods or across the "oak openings" or prairies, 
pasturing on the rich herbage which nature had spread for their repast. It was 
no trouble to shoot one of them ; even the most inexperienced, if he could take 
aim, could occasionally shoot one. The woods were filled with wolves, though 
they were not considered dangerous, except to the smaller domestic animals. 
Strong men, armed mip-apie, have been treed by them, and have remained pale 
and trembling for hours in the branches, when, if they had descended with a 
bound into the midst of the snarling group beneath, the latter would have scat- 
tered like chaS'. There is altogether too much romance connected with many 
of the accounts of events in early years. They are seasoned to suit the present 
abnormal appetite for the extraordinary. Events were far more practical and 
prosy then than now. Everything was done in earnest in those days, and neces- 



> 





NOBLE TP. 




NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 245 

sarily so. There was but little time to practice any art save the one of making 
a comfortable and honest living, though this was one of the " lost arts " to some 
of the early settlers. 

Ephraim Marker is said to have been a great deer hunter. He would kill 
more than a hundred during the season. On one occasion, at night, Mr.Wine- 
brenner heard a great commotion among his sheep that had been penned up. 
He hurried out, with nothing but a club, and discovered that a number of 
wolves had broken into the fold and were cutting the sheep's throats. He in- 
stantly leaped in, with his club, and the wolves were soon routed out, but not 
until after they had killed several of the sheep. One day, as Elder Allen Mead 
was traveling across the eastern side of the township, he saw a large bear out 
in the woods some distance from him, eating acorns. Being unarmed, he hur- 
ried on and told Abner Scarlett what he had seen. Scarlett was a good hunter, 
and immediately started in pursuit of the bear, which had left its feeding 
ground and gone into a swamp. The hunter followed it in, and finally, catch- 
ing sight of it, fired, but only wounded it. The animal left the swamp and 
was instantly shot by a young man named Otis Allen. Both men immediately 
claimed the bear, and finally resorted to blows to establish their claims. Mr. 
Allen probably had the heavier fists, as he finally bore off the prize. 

The Indians were around in great numbers when the county was first set- 
tled. They would bring wild meat and furs of all kinds to the cabins of the 
settlers, for the purpose of exchanging them for flour, vegetables and ammuni- 
tion. Joel Bristol and John Hall, both of whom kept tavern on the Fort 
Wayne and Goshen road, sold whisky to the Indians. It was found to be poor 
policy to trifle with an Indian when he was under the influence of alcohol. Old 
man Skinner was not afraid of them, even when drunk. He possessed enor- 
mous strength, and the Indians soon learned, from experience, to leave him 
alone. He visited their camps and mingled freely with them, participating in 
their dances and sports. The Indian has a peculiar custom. When chewing 
tobacco and facing you, he never turns his head to spit, and, consequently, the 
greater part of his saliva is ejected on your clothing. Now, if there was any- 
thing in the world Mr. Skinner was an adept at, it was in spitting tobacco 
juice. By long practice at the face of an Indian, he scarcely ever missed when 
within six or eight feet of the mark. The Indians were soon vanquished, and 
soon learned to turn their heads when in his presence. It is related that Mr. 
Skinner, on one occasion, was compelled to knock down two or three of the 
Indians to prevent being severely pounded by several drunken fellows whom he 
had insulted by spitting in their faces. 

In about the year 1835, Mr. Elliott built a saw-mill in the northeastern 
part, on a branch of the Elkhart River. A dam was built across the stream, 
and over the end of this dam the old log mill was erected. The water from 
above shot through a short spout and struck the old flutter-wheel, that was 
connected, by shafting, with the machinery that operated the saw. All the 



246 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

machinery was extremely rude, and yet this ohl mill, when worked to its fullest 
capacity, could turn out large quantities of native lumber. Black walnut of 
the finest kind was used with a wantonness not relished by lumber dealers to- 
day. After the mill had been operated a few years, it fell to the ownership of 
Mr. Forker, with whose family it afterward remained. It ran for many years 
and was very valuable to the early settlers, as lumber could be thus obtained 
near home, and long journeys, through bottomless roads, could be avoided. The 
log building was soon replaced with a rough frame structure, and this is the 
mill the old settler has in his eye. In about the year 1855, a sudden freshet 
washed the dam away, and as the patronage had largely fallen away, it was 
decided unprofitable to repair the damage and the old mill site was abandoned. 
John G. Hall, who had settled in the township at an early day, and who 
had, before any improvements were made in the county, carried the mail from 
Fort Wayne to Goshen on the back of an ox, it is said, built a grist-mill in 
about the year 1832, on the Elkhart River, where it is crossed by the Goshen 
road. Mr. Isaac Tibbot says that during the year 1832 he helped Mr. Hall 
get out the timber with which the old mill was built. If this is the case, it 
was the first grist-mill in the county, and Mr. Hall made the first flour. Some 
claim, however, that the first flour was made at Port Mitchell by Stedman 
Gray. Mr. Hall was an eccentric old bachelor. He was as cross as old bachelors 
are averred to be, but the laughter of the neighborhood had no effect on his wit 
and eccenti'icity except, perhaps, to sharpen them. The Fort Wayne and Goshen 
road was extensively traveled in those days by immigrants seeking homes in the 
West. No other road in the county received half the travel. The crossing at 
the old grist-mill was very bad, as the stream had to be forded in a swampy 
place, and wagons sunk almost from sight. Mr. Hall in a sliort time erected a 
bridge across the stream, just below his dam, and charged a toll of two shill- 
ings for each wagon. This bridge was greatly appreciated by the traveling 
public. The grist-mill was a log structure, perhaps 20x30 feet. The water 
from the dam fell upon a horizontal flutter-wheel, which communicated a slow 
motion to a set of "nigger-head" buhrs. At first Mr. Hall ground nothing 
but corn, but he soon introduced a better set of buhrs in his mill, and after 
that had all he could do. His flour is said to have been good for those days, 
but it would not command a very great price if oflfered in market at present. 
After some ten or twelve years, his dam was washed away, wliereupon the grist- 
mill was abandoned. One day Mr. Hall stopped the mill, and went away a 
few hours, and when he returned he discovered that one of his buhrs had been 
carried away. He surmised that it had been stolen, and begun to look around 
to discover traces of the thief. He soon found the stone on the ground in the 
woods, some ten or twelve rods from the mill ; but was not strong enough to 
carry it back, and while wondering who had placed it there, and how he should 
convey it to the mill, Mr. Skinner appeared upon the scene. Hall called upon 
Skinner for assistance, and the latter agreed, providing Hall would set up a 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 247 

jug of whisky, of which he kept a quantity on hand for sale. Hall quickly 
agreed to the proposal, whereupon the stone was carried to the mill by Skin- 
ner, who afterward enjoyed his whisky. It was afterward disclosed that 
Skinner, himself, had removed the stone, and then, lying in the bushes close 
by, watched the whole proceedings, and when his scheme was at its pinnacle, 
presented himself to get the whisky, for which the trick liad been played. 
Skinner was fond of the "flowing bowl" (not an unusual circumstance then 
nor now), and often resorted to some trick to get the liquor from Hall. One 
day, when Skinner was probably very thirsty, he threw Hall into the race, and 
whenever the latter would reach up above to grasp the plank, in order to draw 
himself out of the water. Skinner would tramp on his fingers. Hall finally 
became worn out and agreed to treat to the whisky, whereupon he was helped 
out. He knew it was of no use to get mad at Skinner, as the latter would 
probably turn in and give him a thrashing. Not far from 1840, the grist-mill 
was abandoned, but soon afterward Samuel L. Smith erected a frame saw-mill 
on the same site. He had an iron water-wheel, and soon did good work. 
After some six years, Samuel Correll assumed control and ownership. He 
made several much-needed improvements to the mill and dam, and had all the 
sawing he could do for five or six years, when his dam was washed away and 
was not afterward rebuilt, and the mill was abandoned. 

Time passed on, and the old log cabin was replaced with a better dwelling. 
Fields became more extensive and crops ditto. Merchants began to appear 
with small stocks of goods ; mills for lumber and grain multiplied ; markets 
for produce and supplies became closer and better ; money came in to float off 
the productions of the settler; roads were drained and improved; wild animals 
and Indians retreated toward the setting sun ; schools and churches sprang into 
existence, and the settlers attained a degree of prosperity unknown to them 
before. Horse-thieves soon became very troublesome, not only in Noble Town- 
ship but throughout all Northern Indiana. No law could touch them, as they 
were too numerous and laid their plans with too much cunning. At last, all 
the better citizens organized themselves into a vigilance committee, and after a 
a few thieves had been severely trounced the others came to their senses, and 
the unlawful bands were broken up. 

In April, 1836,* Patrick C. Miller and Andrew Stewart secured the 
services of a surveyor and laid out seventy-one lots on the northwest quarter 
of Section 9, Township 33, Range 9 east, and named the village thus founded 
Wolf Lake, after the body of water on the banks of which it was located. 
Each full lot contained one-fifth of an acre, and the fractional lots were num- 
bers 65, 66, 67, 68, 70 and 71. Wayne street and Wolf Lake street were 

•There te some dispote as to when the Tillage of Wolf Lake was laid ont. Nelson Prentise eayi it was first laid 
out in 1832, for he had seen descriptions of its lots dated a number of yeara before 183G. The n-cord in the Record^^r's 
office (which is but a transcript of the original one at Fort Wayne) fixes the date as stated in the text. The editor 
wrote to the Recorder of Allen County, and obtained a verification of the d;ite giTen. Yet, after all, if Noble County 
was organized in 1836, and if, before that and after 1832, it was attached to La Grange County, why was the plat 
recorded at Fort Wayne ? This would seem to imply that Mr. Prentiss i^ correct. It might have been laid out in 
1832, and after a short time abandoned, and then re-laid out in 1836 ; but that does not explain why the plat was 
recorded at Fort Wayne. 



248 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

ninety-nine feet wide, all others being but sixty-six feet. This village, one of the 
oldest in the county, was designed to be the county seat ; but, although the 
county has had four different seats, the village of Wolf Lalie has never yet 
been favored. On the 8th of October, 1833, Andrew Stewart was keeping 
hotel in what is now Wolf Lake, and Jacob Haines was conducting a black- 
smith-shop. In about 1836, Thomas Shepard opened a tanyard, while another 
person, whose name is not remembered, was manufacturing black salts at a 
small ashery. Thomas Smith, Sr., sold the first goods in Wolf Lake. His 
store was a small building that had been built of tamarack poles by Mr. Ste- 
phens, and in which the first school in the township was taught by Mrs. Ster 
phens during the winter of 1834-35. This building was standing on the farm of 
Felton Allen.* The village at first did not grow as rapidly as the proprietors 
wished, and, in 1840, according to W. W. Noteman, there were but six resi- 
dent families. Soon after this, however, the embryonic town began to grow, 
and soon its industries commanded wide patronage. Patrick C. Miller, one of 
the proprietors, opened a tavern and began entertaining the public. Ten years 
after the village was laid out, it is said there were twenty-five or thirty families 
living there. Samuel L. Smith opened a harness-shop, while near him Elihu 
Anthony followed the calling of Vulcan. Barnes & De Frease opened an 
early store, but they were soon succeeded by Hiram Morgan, who afterward 
erected the Gray store buildings. He was succeeded by William De Frease, 
who continued until the gold excitement in California overspread the country, 
when he sold out to Mr. Ralirig, and after a short time went overland across 
the plains. At the expiration of a year or two, Raling removed with his goods 
to Milford, and John R. Cook went with a stock of goods into the room he had 
vacated. He continued until the close of the last war, having made his fortune, 
and then sold out to Stedman Gray, and went to Rochester, Minn. Mr. Gray 
has continued in business in the village since, and is one of the substantial men 
of the place. Preston Thompson opened a store quite early in the village, but 
he soon sold to David S. Scott, of Fort Wayne, or rather, having borrowed 
money of Scott, and being unable to liquidate the debt, he turned his goods 
over to his creditor, and ere Mr. Scott was aware he was a merchant at Wolf 
Lake. He was a shrewd financier, and with the advantage offered by the 
rise in prices during the last war, he made a fortune of some $30,000. When 
the war closed he closed, and soon afterward Matthews & Voris, two ex-Cap- 
tains of the army, opened up ; but they probably knew more of war than of 
merchandising, as they made no money. They dissolved, and Mr. Wylie took 
Mr. Voris' place. Finally, Samuel Bell bought Matthews out, but soon after- 
ward sold to Wylie, who then took as a partner I. C. Bailey. The partners 
finally dissolved and divided the goods. Wylie has continued since, a portion 
of the time with his son. George W. Williams opened a store some five years 
ago. Morgan, Cook and Scott, in their time, bought large quantities of wheat 

^Reminiscences of J. C. Stewart. 




^/-^GiA^^^^^ a^ 



NOBLE TP. 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 251 

and other grains. They also bought wool, especially Cook, who made thousands 
of dollars at it. Morgan and Scott bought and packed large (juantities of 
pork. They kept large stocks of goods, and, it may be truthfully inscribed on 
the epitaph of Wolf Lake, that in early years more business was done there 
than in any other town in the county. W. W. Noteman opened a cabinet- 
shop in 1840, and for sixteen years he manufactured large quantities of tables, 
bureaus, stands, bedsteads, coffins, etc. He manufactured 1,400 cofBns, which 
now lie buried in the cemeteries for miles around. David Rockey also engaged 
extensively in the same pursuit. Thomas Shepard built a tannery before 1840. 
His business was not overly gigantic. He also started an ashery, and would 
give an order for goods on his brother, a merchant at Fort Wayne. He manu- 
factured a limited quantity of black salts. Blacksmiths have been numerous 
in the village. A post office was secured in about 1837, and Pat Miller was 
the first Postmaster. The mail route extended from Fort Wayne to Niles, 
Mich. Among the physicians who practiced in the village were V. M. Cole, 
James McDuffey, Elias Jones (an excellent physician and a fine man, who 
practiced in the village until three years ago, when he died). Dr. Grover (a 
combined faith and water doctor), Dr. Matthews (a brother-in-law of Grover, 
and the same kind of a doctor). These men established a sort of medical 
school at the village, and sent a dozen or more " graduates " out to practice 
what they had learned. Other doctors have been Ezra Depew, Henry Shock, 
Marcellus Robinson, Reed, Denney, Williams, Sheldon and others. Wyman 
Trask, a lawyer, braved the frowns of the " wolves " for a short time. A man 
named Pope kept tavern early. Other tavern-keepers have been P. C. Miller, 
Thomas Smith, Jr., G. W. Stewart, Mason Merriam, George W. Matthews, 
John R. Blair (1850), Benjamin Couts at present, Mrs. Humphreys at present, 

Mrs. D -r, and others. The village was visited by the small-pox in 

about 1849, but left without doing much damage. The Masons, Sons of Tem- 
perance and Good Templars have held forth for short periods. These societies 
do not exist there at present. This closes the brief history of the business 
enterprises in the little village of Wolf Lake, which has a present population 
of about two hundred. 

During the year 1849, Joel Bristol, the first settler in the township, con- 
ceived the idea of founding a city that should be the hub around which the sur- 
rounding country should revolve. He noticed that a village where Nobleville 
is now located would be centrally situated, being almost equally distant from 
Ligonier, Kendallville, Warsaw, Columbia City and Auburn, and he reasoned 
that a town located there, if properly managed, could not help wielding a wide 
influence throughout Northern Indiana. He, therefore, in November, 1849, 
employed a surveyer and laid out Nobleville on the southwest quarter of the 
northwest quarter of Section 25; forty-two lots, each full lot comprising a quar- 
ter of an acre, were laid out, and the sti'eets were made sixty-six feet wide. 
The lots were offered for sale, and the village that was expected to achieve so 



252 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

much began to grow. But Mr. Bristol, like many another man similarly situ- 
ated, was doomed to disappointment. His village languished, and he grew sick 
at heart. Time healed the wound of disappointment. Jacob Marker probably I 
built the first house in Nobleville. Joseph Ryan built another soon afterward, . 
and opened a small combined grocery and saloon. He was succeeded by Hiram | 
Lindsey, who had a much better stock. Business has always been dull, although 
sometimes three stores have been there at one time. Fred Bidding built a saw- , 
mill some time before the last war. This has since been one of the best mills 
in the county. Bidding sawed large quantities of black walnut timber, which 
grew in abundance near the village. Himself and wife were finally drowned in 
Lake Michigan. Ziegler Brothers built the present mill on the old site. A , 
brick and tile yard was started four years ago. It is said that Newman Scar- i 
lett burned a kiln of brick as early as 1838. The brick were used for chim- 
neys and wells only, and sold for 50 cents per hundred. Mr. Bristol died ( 
many years ago, and it may be said : ■ ' 

"Sweet smiling village, loveliest of the lawn, 
Thy sports are fled and all thy charms withdrawn, I 

■ Amidst thy bowers the tyrant's hand is seen, I 

And desolation saddens all the green." 

There is some doubt as to the first school taught in the township. The 
first was probably taught in 1834 and 1835 by Mrs. Stephens. During the 
summer of 183l), Charity Haines taught school in one room of a double log 
cabin, situated one and a half miles northwest of town, and owned and occu- 
pied by Jackson Humphreys. Mrs. Charles D. Shepard taught in the year 
1838. This lady lived with her husband on the shore of Muncey Lake, and 
taught a few of the neighbors' children in her own dwelling, one room of which 
had been provided with the necessary rude seats and desks. James Stewart, 
then a small boy, went to this lady. In ] 839, a log schoolhouse was built near 
where the tile yard is located at Nobleville, or rather, it was not a schoolhouse, 
but had been built for a dwelling, but, having been abandoned by the owner, it 
was converted to the uses of education. The name of the first teacher in this 
house is forgotten. Mr. Stewart remembers attending a spelling-school one 
nif'ht in this house. The scholar that gained the distinction of spelling down 
the whole neighborhood was regarded as something more than common. The 
unlettered backwoods youth would gather around him and regard him very 
much as the boy of to-day does the clown in the circus. The old Elementary 
spelling-book was the book of the school-room. It was used for all purposes and 
lessons, and in ^ome cases drove every other book, except the Testament, from 
the room. The old settlers remember the book as one of their early cherished 
companions. It is quite probable that the first school was taught at Wolf Lake, 
as the village was laid out in 1836, and contained six or eight families. In the 
absence, however, of any definite data, the facts above are given. Mr. Stewart 
thinks that the first real schoolhouse was built in about the year 1 840. It 
was known as the "Burr-Oak Schoolhouse," and was located in the northeast 



Jii 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 253 

corner. Mr. Winebrenner places the building of this house some two years 
later, and thinks the first was the " Chapel Schoolhouse." These two houses 
were built very nearly the same time, and not far from 1840. The " Burr- 
Oak " was built of round logs, and was used about fifteen years, when a frame 
building took its place, and served the purposes of education until the present 
A new brick schoolhouse is just completed. These two houses— the " Burr- 
Oak " and the "Chapel"— were built by everybody interested in education 
The Chapel Schoolhouse was first built of logs, and for a number of years was 
used for religious exercises. Mr. Elliott was one of the first teachers. This 
house was used some twelve or fifteen years, when the present one was erected 
A schoolhouse was built in Wolf Lake in 1850. The frame work was done 
by the citizens, and then W. W. Noteman was employed for $250 to complete 
the job. This house was used some ten or twelve years, when the present one 
was constructed. Elder Solomon Wedge taught school in Wolf Lake as early 
as 1840, and probably earlier. The front room of his dwelling was transformed 
into a schoolhouse. Here school was held until, perhaps, 1844, when the old 
Baptist Church was used for school purposes until the building of the firsts 
schoolhouse in 1850. 

The first church— Baptist— was built in 1841 by members of all denom- 
inations, who were to have use of the house at stated times. Among the lead- 
ing Baptists at that early day or soon after were John Buckles, Stedman Gray 
John Mayfield, Richard Campbell, Hiram Morgan and others. The Method- 
ists built themselves a house in about 1847, but soon afterward the buildin.. was 
badly demolished by a falling tree, and the Methodists went back to the Baptist 
house. Three years ago, the Baptists and the Methodists each built a new brick 
church, at a cost of nearly $3,000. These buildings are now a credit to the 
village. Two years ago, the Advents built a neat frame church at Wolf Lake 
and they now have quite a fair attendance. The Free- Will Baptists had ari 
organization at the Burr-Oak Schoolhouse, a number of years ago. The Chris- 
tian Church in the southeastern part was organized in 1843 by Elder Peter 
Banta, of Ohio, and at that time twelve persons became members, three of 
whom yet live in the county, as follows : John McMeans, Hester Ann Boner 
and Peter Winebrenner. The society has been attended by Revs. Battreal 
Thomas Whitman, James Atchison, Phillip Ziegler, and the present pastor' 
Holder Peter Winebrenner, who has had charge of the church for the last fifteen 
years. The first church building, a frame structure 28x50 feet, was erected in 
18o3, and used until the erection of the present fine brick building (38x60) in, 
1881. This was the first organization of the kind in the county, and from it 
have sprung many flourishing branches. It now has a membership of about 
two hundred, and its fine Sunday school continues the year through. The pres- 
ent handsome edifice when finished will cost about $4,000. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

by wkston a. goodspeed. 

York Township— First Settlers— Life in the Wilderness— Early Saw- 
Mills, Grist-Mills, Factories and Other Industries— Villages of 
AufiuSTA, Van Buren and Port Mitchell— Pioneer Schools and Re* 
LiGious Organizations. 

PERHAPS the most distinguishing historic feature of York Township is 
the fact that the county seat has been located within its borders no less 
than three times, and still the citizens ask for a repetition. That is certainly 
suflBcient to render any tract of country no larger than a township famous, if 
not notorious; yet the grasp of York for civic or metropolitan honors has been 
sadly treacherous. The seat of justice was first established at Augusta, a 
"defunct" town of modest pretensions, situated on Section 1-5. Thence it was 
removed to Port Mitchell (named for a good-looking canal engineer), and finally 
to Albion, a portion of which was within the limits of York at that time. The 
township was no sooner off with the old love at Augusta, than it was on with 
the new at Port Mitchell, and soon the latter was jilted and Albion received 
name and fame undying. Of course, the citizens of Augusta looked savagely 
down their noses when the court house was destroyed by fire ; but what did it 
avail. And when it became known that the county seat was to be relocated at 
Port Mitchell — a deadly rival — the wrath of Augustans became volcanic and 
phenomenal. Though time has healed the wound, yet bitter thoughts still 
surge, like a tempest, when memory is aroused. 

The first settler in York Township, according to the statement of Nelson 
Prentiss, Esq., was John Knight, who located on Section 29 in 1829. Knight 
was a squatter and an adventurer, and, not caring whether the land upon which 
he located was anything more than sufficient to furnish a living, he selected a 
burr-oak barren, when some of the finest farming land of the county lay within 
a mile. He was a skillful hunter, supporting himself and family largely by . 
means of his rifle, although he cleared and cultivated a small garden of pota- 
toes, corn, pumpkins, etc., which were traded to the Indians, who came often 
to his cabin. It is related that he, on one occasion, caught an Indian stealing 
green corn from his garden, whereupon he gave the unfortunate red-skin a 
sound flagellation with a heavy stick, which completely ended such acts there- 
after. Knight lived alone in the township until the Henshaws came in, about 
1833. He is said to have been the second settler in the county, although 
this is disputed by Isaac Tibbot, who asserts that the second settler was Levi 
Perry. Mr. Tibbot is probably correct, as he, at that time, was a resident of 
the county, while Mr. Prentiss, who thinks otherwise, was not. As Mr. Tibbot 



YORK TOWNSHIP. 255 

was called upon to assist in raising all the early log cabins, his memory, if re- 
liable, should not be disputed, unless strong proof is shown to the contrary. 
This would then establish the fact that John Knight was the third settler, and 
that he very probably came in a year or two later than 1829. This is a dis- 
puted point, which will remain unsolved. After Mr. Knight had been in the 
township some three or four years, Joseph Bradford proceeded to Fort Wayne 
and entered the quarter section upon which Knight had squatted, and the lat- 
ter was obliged to leave the land, although Bradford had no excuse for his 
conduct, except that he wanted to reap the reward of what few improvements 
had been made. The land was poor and sterile. Knight quietly took his 
departure and located in Elkhart Township. The second settlers in the town- 
ship were probably the Ilenshawljrothers (Washington and James), who located 
in the southeastern part, at Port Mitchell, in about the year 1883. They soon 
after built a saw-mill and a grist-mill, or -'corn-cracker," as such a mill in 
early days was denominated. They built a dam across the Elkhart River, and 
the mills were furnished with water by means of a small race. They had a 
"big time" when the mills were raised. There was not a sufficient number of 
white men in the county, at the time, to push the work on to completion as 
fast as Mr. Henshaw desired, whereupon he went to a neighboring Indian 
camp and entered into an agreement with the chief, that if he would induce 
about twenty Indians to assist at the raising, a barrel of whisky would be fur- 
nished on the ground for their benefit. The chief (and indeed the whole tribe) 
was only too glad to avail himself of the offer. They thereupon repaired to 
the spot at the appointed hour, and wanted to inaugurate the occasion by a 
good drink of the whisky; but Henshaw was too fkmiliar with the Indian char- 
acter to think of such a thing, so he refused to let them have the liquor until 
the work was completed. When this had been accomplished to Mr. Henshaw's 
satisfaction, he took an ax and broke in tiie head of the keg, and told the noble 
red men to help themselves, which they did with much less decorum than 
haste. The greater number became intoxicated, and all the various stages or 
phases of that deplorable condition were soon exhibited. A few rough fights 
were begun, but were soon suppressed, and finally the red men departed for 
their camp. The mills were rude aS'airs and the flour turned out was coarse 
and black ; but the grist-mill was well patronized, as it saved long journeys, 
through bottomless roads, to distant points. The location of the mills was not 
as good as it might have been, as the full water-power furnished by the race 
could not be utilized. The flour was bolted by hand, or, rather, the bolt had 
to be turned by hand. The saw-mill was rude and much of the power was lost 
m the shafting that communicated motion to the saw. Lumber of the best 
character was sawed on shares or for a pittance. 

Other early settlers in the township were : James Gray, Stedman Gray, 
Robert Gray, J. and D. Bradford, David Anderson, John Williams, Joseph' 
Bell, John Bowman, Joseph Beall, Dr. Ilalsey Lewis, Hiram Bassett, Elisha 



256 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

Blackman, William Crispell, Daniel Downs, William F. Engle, Nathan Frink, 
Benjamin HarJinburg, Isaiah Hardinburg, Jacob Cramer, Vincent Lane, John 
Middleton, John McCaskey, William E. McCaskey, Francis Murray, Adam 
Nimmon, George Powers, Joel B. L. Smith, Milo L. Street, Charles D. 
Shearer, John McMeans, John Smith, Joel Vanderford, Wesley White, Isaac 
Whitaker. J. B. White, Zenas Wright and his sons George and Charles, 
Samuel Webster, George F. Whitaker, Nathaniel Woodward, John young, and 
others. 

Mr. John Bowman says the first township election was had during the 
autumn of 1838, and that there were but sixteen men present at such election, 
as follows : Zenas Wright, William Crispell, Hiram F. Bassett, George F. 
Whitaker, Isaac Whitaker, John McMeans, Jacob Cramer, William F. Engle, 
William P. Gray, Stedman Gray, James Gray, Joel B. L. Smith, Joel Van- 
derford, David Anderson, Elisha Blackman, Isaac E. White, Robert Maxwell 
and John Bowman. Two of these were not present, but who they are is uncer- 
tain. George F. Whitaker had been appointed Inspector of Elections by the 
County Commissioners. From the above men he selected two clerks of elec- 
tion and two judges ditto, and announced the polls open. Mr. Bowman thinks 
only a portion of the first officers were elected. Stedman Gray was chosen 
Road Supervisor, but, refusing to serve, John Bowman was selected in his 
stead. The names of the other first officers elected are forgotten. Those 
elected worked mostly without pay. Joseph Bradford, who lived across the 
line in Sparta Township, served as Justice of the Peace of York until the 
spring election of 1839, when John Bowman was elected to officiate in that 
capacity. John Middleton was elected Constable at this election. The town- 
ship received its name from the fact that a majority of the earliest settlers 
•were from the State of New York. The first election was held at the resi- 
dence of George F. Whitaker. 

Many of the old settlers are accustomed, when talking of early times, to 
give rose-colored accounts of life in the wilderness. John Bowman is not one 
of this character. He deals in truths, and facts sustain him. An old settler 
will say and tell the truth — " We used to have splendid times in the woods." 
But another will say and tell the truth equally as well — " Oh, we had terrible 
times." Mr. Bowman and his excellent wife can paint very accurately the 
dark side of the picture. Himself and family came from Columbiana County, 
Ohio, in a four-horse wagon, and, in order to avoid the bottomless mud of the 
Black Swamp in Northwestern Ohio, came in the month of January, when 
winter had covered the swamp with a frozen mantle. He was a tanner and 
currier, but never followed his trade after reaching Ohio. He purchased his 
land of Ira B. White, who had erected a small log cabin, and had made slight 
improvements. Here, on this place, his new life was begun. He went to 
Fort Wayne for supplies, paying $7.50 per barrel for flour and $7 per barrel 
for salt. It was difficult to get feed for his horses, and they became poor and 



YORK TOWNSHIP. 257 

weak. During the first winter, he found it extremely difiBcult to get provisions 
for love or money. He traveled for miles over the country, but found none 
willing to sell. At last he went to Mr. Smalley, who lived on Perry's Prairie, 
and told the old man that he must sell a portion of what he had, or his (Bow- 
man's) family would starve to death. The old man then kindly turned in and 
sold a portion of nearly everything he had — chickens, potatoes, corn, meat, 
etc. — and also agreed to sell a valuable cow for $30, provided Mr. Bowman 
could not get one somewhere else within three weeks. The latter searched the 
better part of the time without success, and finally claimed the cow at the 
above-named price. The streams were filled with fish, and could be caught by 
the thousands with a net without trouble. The net was set in the Elkhart at 
night, and the next morning often more than a hundred pounds of pike, red- 
horse, etc., would be found inclosed in the meshes. The settlers, for a number 
of years, living in Mr. Bowman's locality, were wont to make pilgrimages to 
Perry's Prairie for wheat, corn, potatoes, etc., whenever needed; and soon the 
expression, "Going to Egypt to buy corn," gave that locality a name (Egypt) 
which clings to it like Sindbad's burden. The entry of land in York was 
very rapid from 1835 to 1840. This brought in many strangers, who were 
obliged to get acquainted before any unity of action could be expected. They 
came from all parts of the East, and necessarily brought their local habits with 
them. Difi'erences were sure to arise, until some final tendency or shape was 
given to neighborhood opinion, sentiment or will by the strength and inherent 
power of individual thought. People are much more dependent than is ordi- 
narily supposed. They constantly rely upon clearer and better thought, and 
their opinions in general may be said to be a union of many ideas stolen from 
numerous sources. Until some strong mind gave direction to the ideas of a 
neighborhood, everything went crosswise. Thus it was when the country was 
first settled. 

After the Henshaw brothers had operated their mills a few years, they 
sold out to Samuel Hanna and possibly W. F. Engle. Stedman Gray, yet liv- 
ing at Wolf Lake, was the miller in the employ of the Henshaws, and he 
claims to have made the first flour in Noble County, although this is disputed 
by others, who insist that Mr. Hall, whose mill was in operation at a very early 
day, about two miles southeast of Wolf Lake, made the first. This is another 
unsettled question. This old mill was used many years, indeed, until but a 
few years ago, and was at times well patronized. The grist-mill was located on 
the race, a short distance below the saw-mill, but had sufficient power to operate 
its one small set of buhrs. It ran so slowly and irregularly, though, that the 
flour was poor, and when the settlers had large grists, and the roads were good, 
they Went usually to the Elkhart Mills. Under the various owners the mills 
were altered and improved. The grist-mill was destroyed by fire a few years 
ago. Under the management of Mitchell & Campbell the mill did good work. 
Joseph Bell built a saw-mill at an early day, locating it on what is yet 



258 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

known as Bell's Run, on Section 21. It was operated in the usual way by 
means of a dam and race. After it had been in operation a short time, Halsey 
Lewis started a small chair factory, and his machinery was set in motion by the 
water from the Bell Race. This chair flictory, the only one ever in the town- 
ship, was a very rude affair, and the chairs were ditto, and after it had been 
conducted semi-successfuUy for a few years, it was abandoned. The saw-mill 
continued in operation, however, under a change of owners, for quite a number 
of years. The water above the dam became spread over a large section of 
country, and, finally, became a great nuisance, as well as a source to generate 
malaria. It became the talk of the neighborhood, and doctors gave as their 
opinion that it was the cause of several serious cases of sickness in the vicinity. 
Finally, public prejudice and sentiment became so fixed against it, that the 
neighbors united means, purchased the mill site, and destroyed the dam, per- 
mitting the stagnant water to move on, and effectually preventing a continuance 
of the nuisance. About thirty years ago, Isaac Swarthout erected a saw-mill 
about two miles below Port Mitchell ; but, as it did not receive satisfactory pat- 
ronage, it was soon permitted to fall to pieces. The saw-mills above referred to 
never did merchant work. Their field of labor was to supply the home demand, 
and this gave them sufficient work to insure continuance. 

A man named Campbell erected a woolen factory at Port Mitchell about 
thirty years ago. It was a two-storied frame building, thirty by forty-five feet. 
A considerable quantity of carding and spinning was done under the manage- 
ment of a Mr. Walker, a practical spinner. This man also rented the building, 
and put in additional machinery for knitting ; but, after a number of years, he 
relinquished the lease, and soon afterward the property was purchased by 
George Baker. During the war, a thriving business was done, but at its close 
the patronage decreased. The factory was burned to the ground about ten 
years ago. 

AVhile Augusta and Port Mitchell have been the only towns of any note in 
York Township, yet about the time the county-seat was changed from Sparta to 
Augusta, a village called Van Buren was surveyed and platted on Section 20, 
and designed to secure, if possible, the coveted boon. But alas ! the hopes of 
the founder were destined to be blasted, as his claim was disregarded by the 
locating committee. No lots were sold, and the embryonic village expired soon 
after being christened. 

Two villages have been established within the limits of the township. The 
iirst — Augusta — was laid out in August, 1837, by W. M. Holmes, George F. 
Whitaker, Thomas Gale and D. H. Colerick, owners and proprietors. The 
village was laid out in thirty-eight blocks, each of which, except four, contained 
eicht lots. The exceptional four were on the sides of the square plat, and were 
triangular in shape. The lots were laid out at the corner of Sections 14, 15, 
22 and 23, and the central block was granted as a public square. Around this 
square the streets were eighty feet wide, all others being sixty feet. Lot 7 of 





YORK TP. 



YORK TOWNSHIP. 261 

Block 1, Lot 8 of Block 6, Lot 1 of Block 38, and Lot 2 of Block 33 were donated 
by the proprietors for school or church purposes. The village was laid out in 
an elaborate manner, and the proprietors no doubt expected great things of 
their village. Their expectations were in a measure realized. In accordance 
with the provisions of the contract entered into between the Commissioners ap- 
pointed to relocate the county-seat and the pi'oprietors of the village, the latter 
were to furnish $4,000 toward the new court house, to pay $180, the estimated 
cost of relocation, to donate within one mile of said town five acres of ground 
for a graveyard, one acre for a seminary, one in-lot for a market-house, and 
one square upon which the court house was designed to be erected. This 
contract having been perfected, the county seat was relocated at the village in 
1837. This fact immediately gave growth to various industries. Lawyers, 
doctors, merchants, hotel-keepers, carpenters, blacksmiths, schools, churches, 
etc., appeared, and the outlook was bright for the county seat. The court 
house was soon erected, and shortly afterward a jail. The mail route along the 
Fort Wayne and Goshen road was deflected and made to pass through the vil- 
lage. No effort was made to build a seminary, as was provided for in the con- 
tract. Hill & Treer opened a small store of groceries and dry goods, and soon 
afterward Nimmon & Colerick did the same, but not, probably, until the others 
had abandoned the pursuit. The village grew rapidly from the start, and 
reached the zenith of its prosperity and population about the time the court 
house was burned in March, 18-13. At this time, it contained a population of 
about two hundred. After the court house had been burned, and the county- 
seat had been removed to Port Mitchell, the village languished. Half the pop- 
ulation immediately left, some going to Port Mitchell and some elsewhere, and 
Avlien time had passed to 1850, it found the village almost deserted, and a fit 
emblem of loneliness. A few families yet resided there, but all hope for the 
future of the village had died out. 

In March, 1841, pursuant to an act of the State Legislature, the Commis- 
sioners appointed for the purpose, after duly considering all the sites proposed, 
relocated the county seat at Port Mitchell. This change in the location of the 
county seat created a bitterness that has endured until the present day. The 
following is quoted from the pen of Mr. Prentiss: " The spring and summer of 
1844 were unusually wet, and all the streams in the country were full. Mill- 
dams and bridges were swept away, and crops were much injured. The bridge 
west of Augusta, across the Elkhart River, was in danger ; and the citizens of 
Augusta and surrounding country turned out to try to save it, but it was swept 
away. It was on this occasion, the 1st day of July, that Wesley White 
lost his life. After the bridge was carried away, Mr. Colerick, having fas- 
tened a rope on the east side of the river, went up the stream some dis- 
tance, and swam across with the rope, and fastened it on the west side, so 
that persons there who could not swim could cross by means of the rope. 
There were probably twenty-five or thirty persons present. Among those on 



262 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

the west side was Mr. White, who, it appears, could not swim ; but he 
signified his intention of trying to cross above the rope, saying that, if he dis- 
covered he could not swim across, he could catch the rope when he floated 
down to it. Some of those present tried to dissuade him from making the at- 
tempt, and urged him to rely on the rope at first; but unfortunately he relied 
on his own ability, if not to cross, to at least catch the rope, and so made the 
attempt, going some distance up the stream to make the start. He plunged in 
and floated rapidly down, but as he made no outcry, spectators were not 
alarmed, as they supposed he would catch the rope when it was reached. As 
he was swept down, he made an effort to seize the rope, but missed it, and then 
he called for help, and sank in the muddy water. He was seen twice after- 
ward, when he sank to rise no more. The spectators were at first not alarmed, 
but soon the wildest confusion and excitement prevailed, so that no one seemed 
in a condition to render assistance. Several eflbrts were made to help him, but 
■without avail. The search was continued during the day, but the body was 
not discovered until the 2d, and was not buried until the 5th. His untimely 
death caused a profound sensation throughout the county, and created universal 
grief, as he was an accomplished gentleman and a competent and faithful officer." 
Port Mitchell had been platted before the county seat was established 
there. The proprietors were Samuel Hanna and William F. Engle, who had 
caused the town to be laid out in May, 1838. It was situated on the east half 
of the northeast quarter of Section 35, and the west half of the northwest 
quarter of Section 36. About thirty blocks of eight lots each were laid out, 
one of which was designed for a public square, and an open place, called " Mar- 
ket Space," was provided. Prior to this time, however, the Henshaws had 
built their mills, and two or more cabins had been erected, that of the 
Henshaws being on the west side of the river. Hanna and Engle opened a 
store about 1837, or perhaps earlier, but their goods did not exceed $600 in 
value, though they were afterward doubled. The growth of the village was at 
first slow, but in 1844, when it became known that the county seat was to be 
located there, a grand rush was made — lots went off like hot cakes in the morn- 
ing ; real estate doubled and even tripled in value ; artisans and business men 
of all kinds put in an appearance ; industries and pursuits multiplied ; county 
officials flocked in, armed with voluminous volumes ; lawyers and doctors began 
their solicitations, and Port Mitchell received what is known at the present day 
as a "big boom." The population ran up to a higher figure than it had at 
Augusta, but the property-holders of the latter place were filled with wrath 
and bitterness, and angry mutterings were heard here and there. J. B. White 
became the first Postmaster. The mills and canal had given origin to the town, 
and just before the county seat was established there, the population was prob- 
ably about fifty. The proprietors donated several lots for schoolhouses and 
churches, and also contracted to furnish stipulated amounts toward the erection 
of public buildings. A court house was erected, as was also a building for 



YORK TOWNSHIP. 263 

county offices. All efforts, however, failed to render the location of the county 
seat at Port Mitchell satisfactory to a majority of the citizens of the county, 
and from the start efforts were made to have it re-located at the Center and at 
other points, ten or twelve in number. The citizens at Port Mitchell bitterly 
resisted this, and sought to turn the tide of public preference to their village 
by sundry proposed deeds of charity, but their desires were everywhere met 
with stubborn opposition. At last, in 18-17, the removal was made to Albion, 
where it has since remained. That event sounded the death-knell of Port 
Mitchell, although the town, like a certain domestic animal, seemed possessed 
of nine lives, and refused to yield up the ghost for a long time, and even yet 
shows a few feeble signs of vitality. After the county seat was removed, the 
county officers, lawyers, etc., went away in a body, and from that onward the 
gradual decay of the village continued. Capital sought investment elsewhere, 
and, although the mills continued in operation, the citizens one by one de- 
parted for more promising fields. 

The first schoolhouse in tlie township was a rough log structure erected on 
Section 29, about the year 1840, by David Anderson, Vincent Lane, Joseph 
Bradford, John Williams, Elisha Blackman, James Gray, Mr. Morris and sev- 
eral others, who lived in the neighborhood, and had children growing up with- 
out an education. These men were all early settlers, and, although considera- 
ble talk had been indulged in, no movement looking to the erection of the 
desired schoolhouse was begnn until the above-named year. The men at an 
appointed day gathered together with axes, teams, etc., and when night ap- 
peared to end their work, lol the first schoolhouse in York was an existing 
reality. It is said that James McMullen was the first teacher, although this is 
disputed. They soon had good schools at this old house, as the men in the 
vicinity were prominent and sensible, and took interest and pride in the 
advancement of their children. It is said that the first or the second teacher 
was barred out by the boys on Christmas, and that after a short armistice he 
signed the desired articles of "treat-y." Apples and doughnuts ended the 
affair amicably, without blows or bloodshed. On occasions of this character, 
backwoods boys were illustrious arbitrators, and could soon bring all ordinary 
teachers to satisfactory terms ; but sometimes they met a Tartar, who replied, 
when asked to treat, as an early one did in York, '' I'll see you in hell farther 
than a pigeon can fly before I'll treat." Even in this case the boys were vic- 
torious, as the teacher was dismissed by the Directors. Schools were late in 
starting up, not because they vrete not wanted, but because there was nothing 
with which to pay the teacher, save what was subscribed by those having chil- 
dren to send. The giant Poverty stood in the way. Section 16 of Y^ork sold 
at f 1.25 per acre. One eighty was sold at $2 per acre, and one quarter-section 
for $8 per acre. This was purchased by men at Rochester who were engaged 
in the manufacture of bar-iron, as the land had on it (and still has) valuable 
beds df bog-iron ore. These various sales replenished the empty coffers of the 



264 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

township school fund, and immediately thereafter schools sprang into existence, 
like mushrooms from a hot-bed. School was taught at Port Mitchell as early 
as 1840, and some think earlier. A small log school building was built on the 
west side, which, after being used about two years, was replaced by one which 
had been used as a storeroom. After the county seat was removed to Albion, 
the school which had begun at Port Mitchell was continued in a schoolhouse 
built farther west. Good schools are reported to have been held in the village, 
although but little information can be learned regarding them. At the time 
the county seat was located there, as high as $15 was paid per month for teach- 
ing, which, at that day, was considered a large price. Those who were inter- 
ested in the early schools at Port Mitchell were the Frinks, Grays, Smiths, 
Engles, Bartleys and others who had children to send. Lawyer Slack's office 
was used for school purposes. No particular funds were required to erect one 
of the early schoolhouses ; but it did require sharp axes, strong arms, teams, 
perhaps, and logs. The trouble came when the teacher was to be paid. A $5 
bill represented the same value then as five times that amount does now, and 
more, because exchanges were effected in the woods without money from neces- 
sity. Those who brought in money were obliged to pay it out immediately for 
this thing and that, and having nothing to sell that would bring money in 
return, whole neighborhoods were left without cash, and hence the settlers were 
required to adopt a system of exchange, or, at least, seek some other medium 
than ordinary money. Notes were made payable in so much corn, potatoes, 
wheat, etCjm due at stated periods. This, of course, often led to great hard- 
ships. The settler who had considerable money was fortunate indeed, and usu- 
ally left to his heirs a large and valuable landed property. 

Capt. Archibald Frink is said to have taught the neighbors' children in 
his own house. One corner of the room was provided with a few rough seats 
and desks, and here a few tow-headed pioneer children first learned their let- 
ters. In the fall of 1843, Miss Harriet Allen taught a term of school in a 
small log building, a short distance south of John Bowman's present resi- 
dence. The building was a deserted log dwelling, and was owned by Bowman, 
through whose endeavors the school was taught. Each scholar was charged 10 
cents per week, and Mr. Bowman furnished the house, wood and boarded the 
teacher. The subscription charged was sufficient to pay the teacher, while Mr. 
Bowman was out fuel (a trifle), labor (more than a trifle), house rent (alas! 
alas !) and the teacher's board. But the one term was taught here. Miss Allen 
was an excellent teacher of small children, but here her mastei-y of the art 
failed. Her knowledge in general was extremely limited, though undoubtedly 
the children regarded her as an oracle. 

"And still they gazed, .and still the wonder grew, 
That one small head could carryall she knew." 

Her services were dispensed with at the conclusion of her first term. She 
announced a spelling school for a given evening; but afterward, hearing that a 



YORK TOWNSHIP. 265 

number of rough young men were intending to come from Port Mitchell to 
spoil the occasion, she asked Mr. Bowman to be present to keep order. The 
occasion came, and Mr. Bowman was early on the scene, prepared for the worst. 
At a late hour, one of the young men appeared in the room and asked if any 
one present had seen his horses. It appeared that the boys, with mischief in 
their eyes, had started, with a team and bob-sled, for the spelling-school ; but, 
being full of "corn juice," the horses ran away with them, tore the bob-sled 
into fragments and scattered the inebriated youth along the road in the snow, a 
i]t judgment for their wicked intention. That proved an effectual damper on 
their spirit. The schoolhouse at Mr. Bowman's was not built until about the 
year 1850, as the children could be sent to either Port Mitchell or Augusta. 
A schoolhouse was erected in the Basset District about the same time, and one 
of the early teachers was Daniel Love, of Albion. 

The first term of school taught in Augusta was begun on the first Monday 
in January, 1841, in a building that was afterward used as an office by Wesley 
White, whose death is recorded in this chapter. The teacher was Miss Aurelia 
Andrews, now Mrs. Daniel Love, of Albion. The term was for the period of 
three months, the teacher receiving her board and $1.25 per week for her serv- 
ices. She taught four terms in succession and averaged about twenty-five 
scholars during the whole time. One term was taught in the wing of the old 
jail and another in a vacant log building in the village. Daniel Love succeeded 
her as teacher of the public schools of Augusta, and taught three terms in suc- 
cession, receiving as pay his board and $12 per month. Children came to him 
from two or more miles around, and the average enrollment for the three terras 
was not far from thirty. The four terms taught by Miss Andrews and the 
three taught by Mr. Love were the only ones ever taught in the village. 

No churches have been built in the township. The Methodists, Baptists, 
Presbyterians and others had early organizations, and met in private dwellings 
and schoolhouses ; but they did not flourish, and the members soon scattered, 
joining stronger societies in neighboring townships. Many of the citizens yet 
attend church in Albion and elsewhere. The sect known as the Church of 
God had an early organization at the residence of John Bowman, where it 
continued to assemble for worship for a number of years. Notwithstanding the 
absence of churhes, the citizens are moral and many are religious, worshiping 
God, as Roger Williams directed, "after the dictates of their own conscience." 



CHAPTER XVI I. 

by weston a. goopspeed. 

Green Township— Early Events— Settlement and Subsequent Growth- 
Customs OF THE Pioneers— Development of Industries— Stores and 
Mills— Interesting Incidents Connected with Early Schools and 
Churches. 

A MONG the earliest settlers in Green were the following : Samuel Gray, 
-^^J^ George Benner, Benjamin Macemore, Jacob Eyman, William E. Bowen, 
David Gray, Jacob Lindsey, Oliver McWilliams, William McDaniel, Robert 
Gaff, David Boner, John Allen, Noah Blue, George Brown, Peter Coil, David 
Crimmins, John Carothers, Anson Herandean, Thomas Kiger, John Lindsey, 
Hiram Lindsey, John Olinger, George Ott, John Ramer, John Richard, Daniei 
Ragan, Solomon Sanford, Lyman B. Whelan, Oliver Strong, William Widup. 
Thomas Weeks, David A. Kester, Mr. Krewson, Adam Dingman, William 
Caswell, Chancey Walkley and Christian Kinsey. As nearly as can be learned, 
a man named Krewson was the first settler in Green. He was a tall, strong 
man, and squatted in the southwestern part in 1833 or earlier. He built a 
small log cabin (probably assisted by the Indians), in which were domiciled his 
wife and two or more children. His wife was almost as gaunt and strong as 
her husband, possessing a stentorian voice that was utterly destitute of melody. 
If reports are correct, it could be heard for miles through the woods, thunder- 
ing commands to her husband and the children, and interspersing all with a 
volley of oaths, without which language, in her case, was impossible. This 
cabin was situated about fifteen rods north of the present residence of Hiram 
Lindsey, and was occupied by Krewson until 1834, or perhaps 1835, when the 
land upon which he had located and made improvements was entered at Fort 
Wayne by Samuel Gray, who immediately came on to take possession. Krew- 
son was obliged to leave, which he did, going no one knew whither. Gray took 
possession of his cabin and derived some little advantage from the improve- 
ments that had been made. Here Gray continued to reside until 1839, when 
he sold the property to Jacob Lindsey, who, with his family, took immediate 
possession. Mr. Lindsey also purchased of Gray a tract of land lying east of 
the Krewson property; but it afterward appeared that this transfer was unlaw- 
fully made, as Gray did not own the land, not having yet entered it at Fort 
Wayne. He had represented to Lindsey that he owned the land, and offered 
to part with it for an amount much greater than was necessary to enter it at 
the land office. The truth was unknown to Lindsey until the consideration had 
passed, and then it was too late to correct the fraud and Mr. Lirrdsey kept the 
land. It is stated that Mr. Gray was engaged in several transactions of this 



GREEN TOWNSHIP. 2tJ7 

character, and thereby unlawfully made considerable money. Soon after this 
event, Mr. Lindsey was taken sick, and a pioneer doctor was called (his name 
is omitted for good reasons); but the patient continued to get no better, steadily 
growing worse, until at last, under distressing and suspicious circumstances, he 
died, leaving his wife and a large family of almost helpless children to live on 
as best they could without him. To make matters worse for this unfortunate 
family, the eldest son, a lad about sixteen years of age, was drowned in Lind- 
sey Lake, and the care of the family fell upon the mother and Hiram, a son 
some thirteen years of age. Hiram Lindsey and the other members of his 
father's family have been satisfied, since the untimely death of their husband 
and father, that he was poisoned by the doctor, who was probably paid for the 
dark deed by one who expected to profit thereby. The truth will probably ever 
be shrouded in mystery. 

In 1835, Jacob Eyman and Benjamin Macemore appeared in the town- 
ship, the former locating in the northern part on land which he entered the 
following year, and the latter some distance south. David Boner came in 
1838, and settled where his son now resides. William E. Bowen came in 1S37, 
and George Benner, Christian Kinsey, William Caswell and perhaps others the 
same year. William McDaniel arrived in 1838, as did also Robert Gaff and 
three or four others. Those who were present at the first township election say 
that there were not to exceed fifteen persons present. The County Commis- 
sioners appointed David Boner Inspector, and ordered an election of officers at 
his log cabin, probably in March, 1839. Although several settlers yet living 
in the township were present at that election, they cannot recollect who were 
elected to all the various offices. Benjamin Macemore was appointed one of 
the Clerks of Election, and, it is also stated, was elected Township Clerk. 
William Caswell, a squatter, was elected Justice of the Peace by the vote of 
the canal-men. The Constable was also elected by the canal-men, but his 
name has also slipped the recollection. 

The woods in Green, when the first settlers came in, like the remainder of 
Noble County, were filled with deer, bears, wolves and other wild beasts. Many 
of the pioneers had come from well-settled localities in the East, and were not 
familiar with the arts of the hunter. Others were just the reverse, and could 
bring down, oif-hand, at long distances, any game desired. It is related that 
one morning William Bowen went out to shoot a wild turkey for breakfast. 
He began calling in imitation of the turkey, and soon received an answer. He 
crept cautiously forward, with his rifle ready, calling occasionally and receiving 
an answer, by which he guided his steps ; and, when within a short distance of 
where the turkey must be, he suddenly heard a new answer off to one side, 
whereupon he silently moved in that direction, but, when within a few rods of 
the place, he was startled by the loud report of a rifle within a few feet of him, 
and a moment later an Indian came, laughing, toward him, holding out the 
identical turkey which had answered his call. The Indian thought it a big 



268 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

joke, ana laughed heartily at having outwitted the white man, and thereby 
killed the turkey the latter was after. The Indian, of course, kept the turkey, 
and Mr. Bowen was obliged to hunt farther for his breakfast. On Mr. Bow- 
en's land, on the shore of that beautiful sheet of water— Bowen, or Indian, Lake 
—was an Indian village of twenty or thirty bark wigwams. A number of 
these were standing where the old orchard is, and a short distance south, just 
across the road, Mr. Bowen, after a number of years, unearthed the decaying 
skeleton of an Indian brave. Within a few feet of this spot, he had buried a 
little daughter that had died soon after coming to the township. The Indians 
remained°encamped in the vicinity for several years, and then departed west- 
ward toward the setting sun, and their faces have been forgotten. 

One of the best hunters ever in the township was William McDanicl, who 
was considered by all as a "dead shot." His rifle carried the largest ball, but 
one, in the township, and when it spoke in his hands sofnething came down in 
death. He went one day to an early election, and upon his arrival discovered 
that those who had appeared before him had been shooting at a mark— a nail- 
head as far off as it could be seen. No one had hit the mark. Mr. Gaff, 
who had come with Mr. McDaniel, immediately offered to bet the whisky for 
the crowd that the latter could beat at the first shot, off-hand, the best shot 
that had yet been made. He was immediately taken up, and McDaniel was 
called out'. The rifle was raised and fired, and upon examination it was 
found that the leaden bullet had split itself on the nail-head. The whisky was 
drunk, but not at Mr. Gaff's expense. One day in early autumn, McDaniel 
went out to cut corn, taking his rifle with him. As he reached the spot where 
he intended to begin work, he saw a dark object moving between the rows at 
some little distance, and at first surmised that cattle were in his field. But a 
moment later he was undeceived, for he saw an average-sized bear pass quickly 
from the corn into a cluster of weeds that grew by the fence. McDaniel 
dropped the corn-cutter and started on the run, expecting to head the bear off 
and get a shot. This he did ; but in running the priming of his gun had fallen out, 
and the rifle did not go off, although the bear did as fast as its legs could carry it. 
McDaniel, however, got a long shot at it as it was disappearing, but without 
effect, except to hasten the movements of the bear. The hounds were un- 
loosed, as were also those of Mr. Gaff, who lived near by, and soon the woods 
were filled with their discordant howls, as they rapidly pursued the retreating 
bear. All the remainder of that day and far into the succeeding night the bay- 
ing of the hounds could be heard, growing fainter and fainter, until at last 
they entirely ceased. One by one the hounds returned, and after a few days, 
it was discovered that they had followed the bear about twelve miles east, where 
it had gone into a miry swamp, and being unable to get out on account of Us 
exhausted condition, or some other reason, had perished in the mud and water. 
It was found, and proved to be very fat, which accounts for its exhausted con, 
dition and death. 



'/"t,- «•.-. 



f 




'frr.., 



[ V^ ' 



kC'&J/;. 



GREEN TP. 




GREEN TOWNSHIP. -271 

In 1855, an event occurred which was bitterly lamented. On Saturday, 
the 16th of June, two men— William Applegate and Franklin Weirich— were 
engaged in digging a well for George Sharabaugh. Thej had been up for din- 
ner, and it came Applegate'.s turn to descend into the well and di<T. He 
descended, and a moment later, when Weirich looked down, Applegate was 
seen lying at the bottom. Weirich called out immediately to be let down to 
the assistance of his friend, which was hurriedly done ; but as soon as he 
reached the bottom, he gasped for breath and called^ to be pulled up. He was so 
under the influence of the poisonous atmosphere that, when about half-way up, 
he fell back to the bottom, breaking his neck. Great excitement prevailed, but 
after a little time both men were drawn up by means of hooks, though they 
could not be resuscitated, as both were stone dead. Great was the sorrow of 
the friends of the dead men. Weirich left a wife and a family of small chil- 
dren, who saw great suffering after their natural protector was taken from them 
80 unexpectedly. A few years later than this, Samuel and Jacob Kester one 
day turned up an old stump, and under it found nearly a half-bushel of copper 
coin that was unstamped, but which had probably been prepared to be subse- 
quently galvanized with silver, and stamped as half-dollars. How the coin 
came there is not altogether a mystery, as about that time there lived in the 
neighborhood several men who minted a large quantity of counterfeit money. 
There were also found, in a swamp not far from the same place, a buggy, which 
had been taken in there and hid, and a gun barrel, covered with rust anil mud. 
Foul play was suspected, but no skeleton has been discovered to lead to the 
conclusion of murder. 

Many of the early settlers were Irishmen, who had worked in the town- 
ship on the " canawl " in 1837 and 1838. They probably thought the country 
would make a pleasant home, and as soon as the ^'canawl" scheme had col- 
lapsed, they went to farming for want of a more suitable occupation. This 
was a great descent in their fortune, and they remembered with sorrow the old 
times, the old songs they used to sing, and the faces of companions they had 
seen for the last time. 

" I entered with them for a season 
My monthly pay for to draw, 
And being in very good humor, 

I often sang ' Erin go Braugh ;' 
Our provisions they were very plenty, 

To complain I'd no reason at all, 
I had money in every pocket, 
While working upon the canawl. 
So fare you well father and mother, 

Success to Old Ireland, too ; 

Fare you well sister and brother. 

So kindly I'll bid you adieu. 

" At night when at rest from our labors 
We're sure that our rent is all paid. 
We lay down our pick and our shovel, 

Likewise our ax and our spade; j-j; 



272 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

We all sit joking together, 

There is nothing our minds to enthrall, 
If happiness be in this wide world, 

I'm sure it is on the canawl." 

The eastern part of the township was mostly selected by the '• canalers,' 
and the thrift soon displayed tl»ere proved that they had not forgotten how to 
work. All they now have to remind them of old times are the old songs and 
mementoes, and the rapidly disappearing remains of the old canal. 

Chancey C. Walkley erected a saw-mill at an early day, locating it 
about two and a half miles south of Green Center, on "Blue Grass Creek." or 
Blue River, as it is now called. The building was quite large, and soon after 
its erection one apartment was provided with a rude set of buhrs and the 
necessary machinery for grinding grain, or "cracking corn," as it is more gen- 
erally termed. A dam had been built across the stream, and the water which i 
propelled the strong under-shot wheel was conducted to the mill by means of a | 
race. Both departments of the mill were a great accommodation to the neigh- 
borhood, and were quite well patronized for some eight or ten years, at the 
expiration of which time both were abandoned. This was the only " grist- 
mill " ever in the township, and should be especially remembered. About 
twenty-6ve years ago, Solomon G. Swigart erected a saw-mill about a mile 
southwest of the Center, putting in steam and a muley saw. After operating 
successfully for many years, it was destroyed by fire; but was afterward 
rebuilt by its present owner, Mr. Levi Diller, who has improved it so it is now 
one of the best mills in the county, although it at present is in need of repairs. 
Mr. Diller saws from 6,000 to 10,000 feet per day, and is shipping consider- 
able native lumber by car to Chicago and other cities. About four years ago, 
the springs in the vicinity failed of water, and Mr. Diller sank a shaft within 
his mill. At the depth of about twelve feet, water was struck, which poured 
up through the opening, and shot up in the air to the height of about ten feet. 
The stream of water is about two inches thick, and flows rapidly, and the 
water is hard and excellent. The well alone, on a large stock farm, wouhl, in 
time, be worth thousands of dollars. Mr. Diller thinks the water contains 

magnesia. t letji 

A few efforts at keeping store have been made in the township, in i»44, 
Mason M. Merriam had a small store, where he sold groceries, and where " the 
drink which biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an adder" could be obtained 
for the necessary "lucre." The terras of his license may be seen on the 
records at Albion. Hiram Lindsey, many years ago, opened a small store of 
dry goods, groceries, notions, etc., on his farm, and for a number of years saved 
the neighbors journeys to more distant localities for these articles. The stock 
was closed out but a few years ago. Christian Kinsey kept tavern quite early 
on the Goshen road, and it may be said that the settlers, in general, in early 
times were accustomed to keep travelers. This was rendered necessary by the 
wants of immigrants, who had just arrived, and were without shelter. The 



GREEN TOWNSHIP. :j73 

old settlers tell us that the latch-string was always left out for everybody, and 
that all conventionality in respect to caste was utterly avoided. All were com- 
mon and like brothers, with that free, easy, off-hand way that is admired even 
at this day. About nine years ago, 0. H. Andrews opened a store at the Cen- 
ter. A small stock of a general assortment has been kept by a change of owners 
since. Among the merchants have been William Hale, Mr. Isliwood and 
Edward Matthews. Followers of Esculapius have plied their craft at the 
Center. A store has also been kept on the eastern line of the township. Silas 
Moore has been Postmaster at the Center for many years. 

Prior to 1842, no school had been taught in the township. In 18-H, the 
children in the southwestern part were sent to school on the Goshen road in 
Noble township. A small log schoolhouse had been built there, and David 
Sanford had been employed to teach the children, who came to him from several 
miles around. The house had been built for a dwelling by Jacob Marker, but 
after being vacated it was provided with seats and desks and transformed into 
a schoolhouse, It was located on John Skinner's farm. The first school build- 
ing in Green was built in about 1843 by the whole neighborhood, and located 
about half a mile north of the present residence of George Ott. It was a 
small log structure about 18x22 feet, with a large mudand-stick chimney on 
the outside that served as a vent to an enormous fire-place within. Desks and 
seats were made from rude plank obtained at one of the early saw-mills, either 
in Green or in neighboring townships, and two small windows supplied all the 
light that enabled the children to decipher their A B C's. Among the men who 
helped build this house were Messrs. Gaff, Ott, Gray, Boner, McDaniel and 
others. They all assembled one morning with axes, teams, etc., and at night 
the first schoolhouse in Green had been erected. The floor was made of punch- 
eons, but the door and desks were made of sawed lumber. William Sanford, a 
good scholar, was employed to teach the school, which he did, giving excellent 
satisfaction. He is said to have applied the term " Oxford School " to the 
building where he was known as master, but whether derisively or not is uncer- 
tain. Some say that but one term was taught here, while others think that 
school was held about two years. The facts are uncertain. The old buildin* 
rotted down there, and some of the decaying logs may yet be seen by the 
curious. 

In about the year 1846, another schoolhouse was erected, and located in 
the southwestern part on the land of William McDaniel. It was a small frame 
building, and considerable trouble was experienced in getting school started 
there, owing to dissatisfaction regarding the location of the house, the wages t« 
be paid the teacher, and the lot upon which the house stood, which had beeti 
donated by Mr. McDaniel. Angry disputes were freely indulged in by oppos- 
ing' parties, and for many years a lingering bitterness existed in the neighbor- 
hood. The first teacher had an easy school, and everything went off smoothly. 
The second teacher was John Miller, of Whitley County, who possessed a great 



274 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

deal of determination and force of character. His school began and progressed 
nicely until Christmas, there being a half-dozen or more young men in attend- 
ance, among whom were the Gaff boys and William Hughes. At Christmas, 
the boys resolved that they must have a treat from the teacher, and, therefore, 
early on that morning, before that functionary had arrived, they took possession 
of the house, and when the teacher put in an appearance, barred the door 
against him, at the same time handing him a paper from the window upon 
which was written their demand. Mr. Miller quietly read the document, and 
positively refused to accede to their request, at the same time demanding that 
the door be immediately opened; but this the boys as positively refused to do 
until the teacher came to terms. This fired the blood of the latter, and he 
declared that lie would break down the door if it was not opened. The boys 
told him to do his worst, and threatened to throttle him if he forced his way 
into the room. After trying all sorts of maneuvers for several hours to get in, 
without success, the teacher went to the Directors, and informed them what had 
transpired, and asked their interference that the school might go on. The 
Directors thousht, and told him so, that inasmuch as the procedure of the boys 
was quite customary, and their demand reasonable, the best thing for him to do 
was to treat, as he would thereby gain their good will, and would be liked 
all the better by the scholars ; but the teacher had made up his mind to do no 
such thing, and told the Directors so, whereupon he was informed that he must 
fight the battle out alone. The teacher returned to the schoolhouse, where he 
remained the balance of the day and far into the night, waiting and watching 
for an opportunity to enter; but the boys were determined and vigilant, and the 
teacher was foiled. At last, the latter retired to his home. When the boys 
were sure he had gone, they immediately held a council of war. It was voted 
unanimously to either bring the teacher to terms, or prevent him from continu- 
ing the school. They therefore resolved to leave a few of the strongest to 
hold the fort until morning, so that in case the teacher returned, he could not 
gain entrance to the room. This was done, and the other scholars retired to 
their homes for the night. About daylight the next morning, the teacher put 
in his appearance, expecting, of course, that the building had been vacated; but 
such was not the case, as he soon learned to his discomfort. He made desper- 
ate efforts to get in, but the boys stubbornly and successfully resisted every 
movement. The foiled master then decided to wear the boys out, hoping by 
that means to get possession. He remained in that vicinity, occasionally 
making movements as if he intended to burst in the door, or as if he meditated 
an attack upon the fort from an unexpected" quarter. At night he again went 
home, but the boys put out their sentinels, and left the schoolhouse ably com- 
manded. Morning came and with it came the gritty pedagogue; but the boys 
were found strongly intrenched, and the position proved impregnable, thoOgh 
the enemy still lingered in the vicinity ; but the besieged were becoming desper- 
ate, and, at last, they resolved upon a sally, hoping to capture the enemy alive. 



II 



GREEN TOWNSHIP. 275 

As tlie latter was standing in an exposed quarter, the door was suddenly thrown 
open, and he found himself" in the hands of his assailants ere he could offer suc- 
cessful resistance. He was then informed that unless he capitulated and agreed 
to forthwith treat, he would be taken to the nearest lake and ducked repeatedly 
in the icy water ; but he defiantly refused, and the boys, with him in their cus- 
tody, started for southern Lindsey Lake with the avowed intention of dipping 
him into the water. The lake was reached, a large hole was chopped in the 
ice, and the teacher was given a last chance ; but he spurned their offers with 
contempt, and the boys prepared to plunge him in. Their intention, however, 
was not to carry the matter so far. They desired to scare him into a compli- 
ance with their demands, but the teacher had resolved never to yield, and after 
he had been shaken over the yawning hole for a time, he was released and per- 
mitted to go. By this time, the whole neighborhood was so roused up, and 
their sympathies were so unanimously with the boys, that the Directors thought 
best to discharge the teacher, which was accordingly done to his satisfaction as 
well as theirs. 

The old house that had withstood the above described siege was used some 
twelve or fifteen years, and was then sold to Mr. McDaniel for $7.50, and 
moved to his residence, where it was used as an outhouse until it was destroyed 
by fire a few years ago. The present schoolhouse (a frame structure) in that 
neighborhood was built at the time the old one was sold. 

A log schoolhouse was built in the northern part, near Mr. Bowen's, about 
the year 1845. This house stood well toward the eastern part of the district, 
and, after being used some ten years, was replaced by a small frame, 24x26 feet, 
located where the present house stands. In 1873, William Davis, a skillful 
carpenter and an excellent man living near, was employed to construct the 
present fine brick country school building, which was done at a cost of $1,036. 
Mr. Davis has built many of the schoolliouses throughout the county, as well 
as dwellings. 

A schoolhouse was built in District 4 about the year 1849, and Jesse Noe 
was employed in the capacity of teacher. Another house has been built thei-e 
since, and is known as the "Green Schoolhouse." A log school building was 
erected at the Center about 1848, and after being used a few years, a frame 
building, constructed in the shape of an octagon, and known as the '• Round 
Schoolhouse," was built to take its place. This building served its day, as it 
soon fell apart, and the present house, a frame, was erected in its place. 

The second schoolhouse in the northwestern corner, while it was used for 
educational purposes, was frequently occupied by a small society of Methodists 
that assembled there to worship. This was not very satisfactory to those who 
were not members of the society, as the latter more or less injured the building 
without any return, but nothing was done in opposition. At last, when the 
new schoolhouse was built, John Favinger purchased the old building, which 
thereafter was us.ed exclusively as a church, until a short time ago, when it was 



276 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

deserted by the society, which dissolved, and the old house was transferred to 
Jefferson Township, where its lot of usefulness is very much lowered by its 
conversion into a barn. Among the membership of this society were the fam- 
ilies of Jacob Macemore, Christian River, William Steel and others. The min- 
isters in charge have been Revs. Coinstock, Miller, Graham and Smith. 

The Free- Will Baptists erected a hewed log church near the schoolhouse 
in District No. 4 about the year 1854. The society had been organized 
previously by Rev. Jesse Noe, and had met in the old schoolhouse; but through 
his influence the church was built, though still the society was feeble and finan- 
cially poor. Mr. Noe was retained as minister by the society after his terms of 
school in the old schoolhouse were ended, but he began his work without salary 
save such as was subscribed and willingly given from time to time by the mem- 
bers. This amount was exceedingly small, and soon Mr. Noe sadly needed a 
new suit of clothes. This he publicly announced, and his wants were met with 
a ready and satisfactory response from the members. The old church was de- 
serted long ago. During the winter of 1863-64, Elder C. C. Sands, of the 
Church of God, held a protracted meeting in the schoolhouse at Green Center. 
A great deal of interest was aroused, and many converted. Henry A. Cory, 
one of the converts, immediately began to preach, and during the following 
winter he, assisted by Elder Sands, held well-attended meetings in the school- 
house, where the cliurch now stands. Here it was that a membership of thir- 
ty-six 'was secured. In 1 879, when the schoolhouse was burned down, the 
thought of building a church was considered. William Grawcock, an excellent 
man, agreed to give the necessary land and brick, and the necessary subscrip- 
tion was secured after energetic work. The Building Committee were J. M. 
Applegate, Chairman; John Harter, Treasurer; William Grawcock, Secreta- 
ry; and George Fulk and Benjamin Crider. Mr. Grawcock was made chair- 
man at the death of Mr. Applegate. George Geiger and John Parker were af- 
terward members of the committee. The brick church was built last year at a 
cost of $2,400, the most of which was raised by subscription. They have a 
fine Sunday school, one of the largest in the county, the average attendance be- 
ing seventy-five. Every three weeks the Rev. Mr. Oliver preaches to the soci- 
ety, which is in a prosperous condition. 







y;?3^,- J. 





GREEN TP. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 
by weston a. goodspeed. 

Swan Township— Incidents of Pioneer Life— Mr. Timmerman and the 
Bear — Eari.y Hunting Exploits— The First Saw-Mill— Swan and 
La Otto— The First Schoolhouse— The Early Circuit Riders- 
Religious Societies. 

DURING the early autumn of 1833, George Rickard, a native of the Em- 
pire State, appeared in what is now Swan Township, where he selected a 
farm of eighty acres in the northern part, and began the difScult process of 
preparing his land for cultivation. This man, who is yet well remembered, was 
the first permanent settler in the township. He built a small beech-log cabin 
on his small farm, in which were domiciled his wife and children. Travel, at that 
time, was considerable along the Lima road, and taverns were in great demand. 
This induced Mr. Rickard, notwithstanding his small cabin, to throw the doors 
open to the public. He placed for a sign a pair of very large buck horns, 
which circumstance gave rise to the name his house received from travelers — 
" The Buck-Horn J'avern." Of course whisky was kept for sale to those who 
imbibed. 

Conrad Cramer came up the Maumee River early in June, 1834, by means 
of pirogues, pushing them along the shallow stream with long poles, placed one 
end on the bottom and the other against the shoulder. His family and a few 
household goods were thus brought up the river to Fort Wayne, and then trans- 
ferred to Swan Township, where Mr. Cramer entered eighty acres of land 
adjoining that of Rickard. Mr. Cramer also came from York State (Jefferson 
County). The next settlers were probably James and Charles Shelner and 
Daniel Tousley, the three coming about the same time in 1834. Within the next two 
or three years, there came in Jonas and John Strous, Samuel Barkwell, Charles 
Salsbury, Mr. Flagg, Hiram King, Alexander Gifford, the Broughtons, Oliver 
and Stanberry Wright, Hiram Parker, three or four of the Fulks (who settled 
in the southwestern part), Oliver L. Perry and others. Immediately afterward, 
and prior to 1844, there came in among others Weston Ackley, J. L. Blowers, 
Hamilton Badger, John C. Billings, Conrad Bricker, Dexter Brooks, Russell 
Clapp, Samuel Carothers, Nicholas Cooper, M. P. Dickerson, F. Tilton, Samuel 
Frances, William Gregg, Samuel Huff, Henry Haskins, William Errickson, 
Charles Law, John Latta, Joseph Richards, Henry Timmerman, Aaron, Alva 
and Josiah Wood, James, Luther, Lewis and Erastus Warner, Jared and John 
Weeks, Edward and Lewis Walburn, and James Willetts. 

After this the township was settled rapidly, and log cabins sprang into 
existence in all directions, almost like Aladdin's palace. Rollings and raisings 



278 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

were every-day occurrences, and some of the old settlers state that for weeks at 
a time they were gone from home, assisting new settlers in getting a home and 
a start. Settlers usually brought an abundance of clothing with them, and a 
few necessary household goods, and perhaps a small quantity of money ; so 
that the first thing to think of after the erection of the cabin, and possibly some 
rude stable in which to shelter the horses or cow or sheep or swine, was how to 
provide for the appetite. At first swine were scarce, but soon the woods were full 
of them, as they ran like wild animals without molestation, save as they were 
shot for pork. They were often very fierce and dangerous, the tusks of the 
males attaining a length of six or more inches. Armed with such weap- 
ons, an enraged Siis scrofa was a formidable enemy. A small clearing 
was made as soon as possible, upon which to raise potatoes, corn, pump- 
kins and wheat. The men found an abundance of hard labor in clearing 
and improving their land, and very often the services of the women were 
employed to accomplish the same result. Acres of heavy trees of the 
finest woods were leveled with the ground, and soon the fires, often continued 
far into the night, completed the process of denudation. Flax was raised, 
from which linen clothing of all sorts was rudely manufactured by the 
women. At a very early day it was noised abroad that a drove of sheep was 
to be driven along the Goshen road, and offered for sale here and there to 
the settlers. Jonas Strouse went over to Wolf Lake to buy a small flock, but 
found that he had missed the drove, and hearing that Joseph Adair, of Wash- 
ington, had some to spare, he went over and bought eight, which, so far as 
known, were the first brought into Swan Township. The flock multiplied and 
did well, notwithstanding that every now and then one was killed by the wolves. 
Mr. Strouse says that on more than one occasion some of his sheep were killed 
at mid-day near the house by large, fierce wolves. He set a steel trap for a 
big wolf that had proved very troublesome, and caught it, but the wolf dragged 
the trap into a neighboring swamp, where it was followed the next day by Mr. 
Strouse, who shot it, and afterward received as he said " $5 for its sculp." Peo- 
ple soon learned to make their own linen and woolen cloth, either each material 
by itself, or in the form of "linsey-woolsey," beautifully colored with leaves or 
bark from the woods. Deer were very numerous, and every old settler's recol- 
lection is filled with stories of them. Once in awhile a bear was seen or killed 
to relieve the monotony. At a very early day, the Indians started a bear in 
the northern part with their dogs, and having chased it to the vicinity of Cra- 
mer's Lake, succeeded in killing it, after it had knocked a few of their dogs 
higher than Gilderoy's kite. This occurred not far from the year 1837. In 
about the year 1838, a large bear came one night to Timmerman's cabin, and, 
being very hungry, seized an unfortunate swine, weighing some one hundred 
and fifty pounds, by the back of the neck, and dragged it off", despite its squeals 
and struggles, into the woods, whore its mangled and half-consumed carcass 
was found the next morning by the irate owner. While the hog was being 











~!^ 









>- 

IX 

< 



o 



I :'/-• CD 




SWAN TOWNSHIP. • 281 

dragged oif. the family heard its piercing squeals, but were unable to effect a 
rescue, on account of the intense darkness and the boldness of the bear. The 
hog had been dragged into an almost impassable wind-fall, where it was found. 
Surmising that Mr. Bruin would return for another feast within the next night 
or two, Mr. Timmerman and a few others contrived a trap from a log about a 
foot in diameter, which was so arranged that when the bear approached the hog, 
the log must fall directly upon its back. The first night no bear appeared, 
but on the second it came, and, as expected, was pinned to the ground by the 
log. But the trappers had miscalculated, for upon reaching the spot the next 
morning it was found that the bear had scratched and clawed up the ground 
where the log lay, and had thrown the latter to one side, scattering the other 
contrivances of the trap in all directions. The trap had been so contrived that, 
when the log fell, the bear would be inclosed between two rows of sharp, 
wooden pins. These were found covered with the hair and blood of the bear. 
The animal, probably, after recovering from its shock had eaten heartily of the 
pork, and had taken its final departure, for it was not seen in the neighborhood 
afterward. 

The Mongoquinong road had been laid out on an old Indian trail before 
the settlers appeared, and this proved a vast convenience, serving as a large 
artery to float the products raised in the township, and affording a compara- 
tively easy communication with Fort Wayne, the great mart of all Northern 
Indiana. The earliest settlers located along this road, or near it, while those 
arriving later were compelled, as it were, to take back seats. Goods from 
stores were very high, and the settlers' pocket-books were either " full of empti- 
ness," as a son of the Emerald Isle represented them, or they had been left in 
the East, being looked upon as a needless burden in the backwoods. The 
most of the settlers brought in a little money, but this was soon paid out for 
much-needed articles, and as the markets brought no return of money, the set- 
tlers were obliged to carry on commerce through a devised medium of ex- 
changes. This soon created a cash price and a trade price, which were often 
widely apart, and sometimes wrought enduring hardships. Time slowly 
changed the tide of events for the better. 

The first township election was held in 1837, at the residence of George 
Rickard, who had been appointed Inspector by the County Commissioners. 
There were present but eight or ten persons, and only six of them were enti- 
tled to vote. These six were George Rickard, Hiram Parker, Alexander Gif- 
ford, James Shelner, Charles Shelner and David Tousley. Jonas and John 
Strous were present, but were not entitled to vote, not having been a year in 
the township. Two or three officers were elected, but as no returns ,were made, 
the election remained invalid. The same is true of the election held in the 
spring of 1838, although John Fulk, who had been elected Road Supervisor, 
consented to serve, and did. At the election of 1839, which was held at the 
cabin of Mr. Badger, several ofiicers were elected, the Justice of the Peace 



282 * HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

being Jonas Strous. At this election, many of the " canalers " came over 
from Green and voted, regardless of law and right. Mr. Strous recollects 
trying many cases of assault and battery, brought before him by the " canal- 
ers '•'' The first marriage in the township was contracted by Joseph Exler and 
Ann Cramer. This couple had considerable trouble before they were made 
man and wife. They at first went to Fort Wayne, but found they could not 
get united there, so they returned and went up north somewhere, and found a 
Squire, who tied them fast in Hymen's knot. The first death was that of the 
mother of Hiram Parker, her death occurring in 1837. A few of the neigh- 
bors made a rough coffin from puncheons and a few boards, in which the 
earthly remains of the kind old lady were placed, and all consigned to the 

grave. t-i att e 

The pioneers of Swan were at first compelled to go to Fort Wayne tor 
flour and meal, although two -corn-crackers" were west of them, distant some 
eight or ten miles, one being at Port Mitchell and the other on the Goshen 
road, about two miles southeast of Wolf Lake. These were found very con- 
venient in bad weather, when the roads were almost bottomless, for the settler 
would mount his horse and take a couple of bushels of corn or wheat to one of 
the above mills ; but when the weather was good, Fort Wayne was the most 
desirable place to go for flour and meal. It was not long before saw-miUs 
sprang into activity, as the settlers demanded native lumber for their buildings. 
An early water saw-mill was built near the center of the township, on Black 
Creek, by Mr. Mendenhall, which is said to have been the first mill of the 
kind in the township. About the same time, or perhaps a little later, Hiram 
King built another of the same ^ind in the northern part, on an outlet to 
Cramer's Lake. These were both water-mills, with up-and-down saws, flutter 
wheels, and were furnished with water from a dam by means of a race. Both 
were slow-running, yet in time they did good service, and assisted greatly 
in providing the township with buildings a step in advance of those made of 
rough logs. An early saw-mill was started by Mr. Bruce, but it did not sur- 
vive longer than about a year. In about the year 1850, the Plank Road Com- 
pany erected a fine steam saw-mill, near the village of Swan, but immediately 
sold it to Mr. Barnes, who contracted to saw large quantities of three-inch 
plank for the road. After a few years, the mill was purchased by Ephraim 
Cramer, who sold it a few years later to others. Since then, it has passed 
throu<^h several hands until the present owner, Samuel Broughton, obtained 
possession. It has been a good mill from the start, and under Mr. Brough- 
ton's management is doing well at present. These were the only early saw- 
mills. There was no early grist-mill. 

In about the year 1844. Hiram King opened the first store at his residence 
in the northern part of the township. He kept a few groceries and notions, 
and perhaps a few yards of prints and calicoes. After a few years he was 
appointed Postmaster, although the office was not at his house, as he lived a 



SWAN TOWNSHIP, 283 

considerable distance from the State road. The ofBce was at the residence of 
Mr. Ciapp. Within a few years, Hiram Cramer purciiased King's stock of 
goods, and began selling about a mile and a half east. He was soon joined in 
business by hi.s brother Ephraim, who, after a short period, bought his brother's 
interest, and continued alone for a series of years. A year or two after King 
had secured the post office, Samuel Broughton, living where Swan now is, was 
appointed in his stead, but after a few years, Ephraim Cramer received the 
appointment as Uncle Sam's agent, and, with the exception of six months, has 
been Postmaster since — a period of over thirty years. A Mr. Ogden opened a 
country store quite early on the State road in the northern part; but after a 
few years he quit the mercantile pursuit for something more tangible and 
profitable. 

In the month of July, 1870, Samuel Broughton, Orville Broughton and 
Franklin Hilkert secured the services of a surveyor, and laid out seventy-eight 
lots between the railroad and plank road, and named the village thus begun 
Swan, after the township. The railroad was a new enterprise, and the pro- 
prietors of the village saw a chance to improve their worldly affairs by the sale 
of village lots. But Swan was not destined to fly very high during the first 
stages of its existence at least, and it is not impossible that it may be called 
upon before long to sing the song of the dying Swan. That is sad and touch- 
ing. But the village had an origin much earlier than the laying-out of the lots, 
and the platting and recording of the same. Ephraim Cramer, who had been 
selling goods in the northern part, appeared upon the site of what is now Swan 
in about the year 1856, being induced to change his location from the fact that 
the old plank road saw-mill at the place was quite extensively frequented by 
workmen and settlers, and the location promised a harvest to the merchant who 
dared open there with a stock of goods. A small frame building was erected 
on the lot south of the one occupied by Mr. Cramer at present, in which was placed 
a small stock of a general assortment of goods. Here Mr. Cramer continued 
to measure tape and calico behind the counter until 1861, when his store was 
burned to the ground, and a portion of the goods destroyed. Another frame build- 
ing was erected three years later on the same lot, and this was occupied contin- 
uously until about four years ago, when, following the example set by a Script- 
ural character some thousands of years ago, he tore down his old building in 
order to build a greater. His present fine brick storeroom cost between $3,000 
and $4,000, and affords relief to the general monotony of the village. The 
second store was opened in about 1872 by Robert Taylor, who soon afterward 
took as a partner Allen Willets, and thus the firm continued until about two 
years ago, when the goods were bought by Samuel Broughton, who shortly 
afterward sold to Jehu Bricker and William Worman, and the last two are yet 
in business with a general stock, including drugs. Daniel S. Simon sold goods 
for a short time in Swan. , 

Robert Taylor and Allen Willets built the grist-mill at Swan in 1874 at 



284 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

a cost of about $7,000. Two run of stone were placed in the mill, which im- 
mediately entered upon a season of great prosperity. This has continued 
unabated until the present, with an annual shipment of a considerable quantity 
of excellent flour. Mr. Cramer bought fifty car loads of grain of the harvest 
of 1871, and has continued at the same business since, shipping by rail to the 
best markets. There is a small warehouse at the depot. A stave factory for 
oil barrels was built at the village, soon after the completion of the railroad, by 
F. S. Surick, of Fort Wayne, who, during the short time at the business, man- 
■ ufactured over 200,000 staves. Mr. Cramer, who was induced to buy staves for 
the factory, paying for the same with money advanced by himself, and receiving 
in return checks on Mr. Surick, lost nearly a $1,000, as the checks proved 
worthless when Mr. Surick failed in business. The building now stands vacant 
and lifeless, a memento of hopes that perished long ago. A few other minor 
industries have flourished at Swan, and when that is said the history is told. 

La Otto did not have as early an origin as Swan, but it has made up that 
deficiency by increased activity. Standing, as it does, at the junction of two 
railroads, there is no reason why, with time, it may not become five times as 
large and prosperous as it is. Probably the first building in the village was a 
steam saw-mill, built during the winter of 1871-72 by David Simon, and 
operated until about 1873. In the spring of 1872, a blacksmith-shop was 
erected at the village by Martin Belger, into which John Miller and his family 
moved on the 5th of April of the same year. On the same day, Abraham 
Zern moved into a shoe-shop that had been built there a short time before. 
These two families were the first in the village. In the preceding October, 
David Vorhees, Martin Belger, David Simon, Solomon Simon and Jonathan 
Simon had laid out 101 lots at the junction of the two railroads, and had 
christened the village, thus begun, " Simonville." The railroad company did 
not admire this name, and soon began calling the station Grand Rapids Cross- 
ing. But this was cumbersome, and, in September, 1875, the following peti- 
tion to change the name to La Otto (a name suggested by the Rev. B. F. 
Stultz) was presented to the County Commissioners; or, rather, the following 
is the Auditor's record of the proceedings of the board, who had duly con- 
sidered the petition to change the name of the village, the petition having 
been signed by eighteen freeholders in the village and vicinity : 

Now came the above-named cilizens of SimoQville, Noble County, InJ., lo be heard upon 
their petition to change the name of said village ; when it appearing to the satisfaction of the 
board that said petition herein filed with the County Auditor, praying that the name of Simon- 
ville be changed to that of La Otto, is genuine, and that good cause is shown for such change, 
and that the same has been duly signed by a huge majority of the legal voters of said town 
from the testimony of Benjamin F. Stullz, a witness in the case, it is therefore ordered by the 
board that such change be made, and the name of .Simonville be hereby changed to La Otto. It 
is further ordered, that three weeks' notice of such change be published in the A'ew Era, a 
newspaper published in Noble County, Ind., that a certified copy of this order be made and 
recorded in the Recorder's office of said County, and that all the costs of this petition be paid by 
the petitioners. 



SWAN TOWNSHIP. 285 

Mr. Zern, immediately after liis appearance in the village, began making 
and mending shoes, while Mr. Miller, who had been engaged in the cabinet 
business in the township since 1855, began the erection of his present planing- 
mill and bedstead factory, completing the same late in the 'summer of 1872, at 
a cost of over $7,000. The manufacture of bedsteads did not begin until the 
following February, and as there was already a saw-mill in operation in the 
village, from which could be obtained the necessary quantity of sawed lumber 
for the planing-mill, Mr. Miller did not start his present saw-mill for some 
time after the one operated by Mr. Simon was discontinued in 1873. Since 
this time, the factory, with its attendant adjuncts, has been the industrial 
center of the village. It gives- constant employment to from six to ten assist- 
ants, and has steadily increased in capacity until at present the gross annual 
earnings probably exceed $5,000. Mr. Miller had previously carried on the 
cabinet manufacture about half a mile south of the village, his motor for ope- 
rating the machinery being horse-power. He had also been Postmaster there 
for five years, the office being known as Simon's Corners. Kinzie k Bonbrake 
opened the first store in the village in about September, 1872, with some $800 
worth of dry goods and groceries, which were placed in a building that had 
been erected by Jonathan and Solomon Simon. Other merchants have been 
George W. Sowers, Mrs. Ford, Samuel Aker, Seymour Cole. Robert Taylor, 
Henry Holbrook, Manning Brothers, J. B. Ross, Wellington Martin, Zach- 
ariah Young, Mr. Cary, Mr. Hogue and others, some of whom were milliners, 
bakers, etc. Mr. Kinzie was appointed Postmaster in the autumn of 1872. 
He has been succeeded by Robert Taylor and the present official, Mr. Hol- 
brook. The first physician, Dr. Lebker, was at the village but a few months. 
Since then there have been Drs. Strouse, Bowker, Ogle, Shepard, Ober, Cary 
and the present follower of Esculapius, Dr. Solomon. Andrew Durkus was 
the first Vulcan. Mr. Garrison burned brick at the village in 1873. David 
Simon did likewise in 1879, and in 1881 burned two kilns, besides a few thou- 
sand tile. Efforts have been made by various parties to open saloons at this 
temperate little village, but all have been stubbornly met by the united and 
earnest remonstrances of the citizens. It is the intention, if possible, and if 
earnest endeavor will succeed, to fight the direful appearance of liquor to the 
last ditch. The citizens are not trifling, as some apostle of Bacchus will prob- 
ably learn to his sorrow. A few years ago, at a barn-raising in the village, 
David Whonsetler was struck by a falling beam and killed. Mr. Preston built 
a wagon-shop quite early. Mrs. Upton began entertaining the public in 1873. 
Several have followed the same occupation since, the present "mine host" 
being Thomas Ritchie. The village has a population of about seventy-five, 
and is destined to grow. 

Some time during the winter of 1837, the Rev. Mr. Ball, of Fort Wayne, 
came to the cabin of John Strous and preached the first sermon in the town- 
ship to a few of the earliest settlers who assembled there. A year later a log 



286 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTV. 

schoolhouse was erected a short distance north of Swan, which was used as a 
church for a series of years, and until the first church was constructed in 1854. 
The old log schoolhouse was a rude affair, but it answered the purpose. After 
Ball's first sermon,' he came to the neighborhood regularly, preaching usually 
at the cabins of tl^e Shelners ; and, at last, in about the fall of 1B38, formed a 
class of Methodists, and effected the permanent organization of the first relig- 
ious society in the township, and one of the very first in the county. Among 
the members were the Shelners, the Tousleys, the Cramers and others. The 
society continued to flourish in the old schoolhouse, which was about twenty-five 
feet square, and when the new church was built, in 1854, there was quite a 
respectable membership. The building was frame, and was about 32x45 feet. 
This house was used until 1880, when the present fine church was erected in 
Swan at a cost of about $2,000. The Lutheran Church on the farm of Peter 
Bricker has been standing many years ; but the society was really organized be- 
fore its erection. Among the early members were Messrs. Warner. Miller, 
Worman, Amos, DeHofl', Bricker, and others. The Catholic Church on Sec- 
tion 29 was first built some twenty-five years ago, and was used continuously 
by the steadily growing congregation until three years ago, when the present 
fine building was erected. This is probably the finest church in the township. 
The present pastor or priest in charge is Rev. F. X. Ege. The Presbyterian 
Church on Section 8 has been standing many years, as has also the one on Sec- 
tion 2, on the plank road. Both are in a fairly prosperous condition, especially 
the one on the plank road. The English Lutheran Church at La Otto was built 
in 1875, and cost $1,530. It is about 80x45 feet. The church was built 
largely by outside subscription, and B. F. Stultz was chosen first minister. 
Among the early members were Martin Belger and wife, John Miller and wife, 
Jacob Simon and wife, Joseph Simon, and Eva Bricker. The society was first 
organized in April, 1875, and meetings were held in the Preston Wagon-Shop 
Hall and in residences, until finally, as stated above, the church was built. The 
Sunday school was first started in the hall. The present membership is about 
twenty-five. The Wesleyan Methodist Church at La Otto was first built half 
a mile north of the village in 1859 ; but about six years ago was moved to its 
present location. This society" was first organized in about 1850, and, at that 
time, met to worship in a schoolhouse in De Kalb County. Among the mem- 
bers are individuals from the following families : Hogue, Parish, Holbrook, 
Simon, Reed, Potter, Atwell, Sowers, Ogden, Smith, Correll, Bassett, Warner, 
and others. The United Brethren Church, in the southwest corner, was built 
during the last war, and the society though small is doing well. No township 
in the county is better supplied with facilities for church going than Swan. The 
citizens are temperate and moral. 

As above stated, the first schoolhouse was built in 1838. Prior to that, in 
1837, Miss Eliza Parker, a cousin to Hiram Parker, taught a term of six 
months in a building that had been built and deserted by Samuel Barkwell. 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 287 

She received $28 for the term, and taught the children of Conrad Cramer, Mr. 
Timmerman, John Strous and others, this term being the first in the township. 
The first teacher in the old schoolhouse, which was built near by, was Cordelia 
Broughton. This lady taught for three consecutive summers in the same 
house, and was then succeeded by her sister, Lucy Broughton. Miss Jane 
Bailey was the next teacher in this house. She was a wee woman, but had 
enough courage for a half-dozen of ordinary females. A young man who went 
to her school was one day whittling a stick unconcernedly in school, when he 
was approached by his teacher, who took the knife away from him, and informed 
the culprit that if he was again caught in such mischief, he would get his jacket 
tanned. This old schoolhouse was used until 1855, when a frame was erected, 
which was used until six years ago, at which time the present fine, two-storied 
brick schoolhouse was constructed. The school is graded, and is one of the 
best in the county. The second schoolhouse was built about 1842, near Hiram 
King's residence ; and the third was erected a year or two later on Section 
7. The next was in the Fulk neighborhood in the southwestern part. In 
1872, B. F. Simon taught a select school in La Otto, in what was known as 
Simon's Hall. School was taught there until 1876, when the present fine 
brick schoolhouse was built at a cost of over $1,000. The first teacher in the 
new house was Joseph Ketchum, a young man of fine ability. 



CHAPTER XIX. 



BY WESTON A. GOODSPEED. 



Washington Township— Roop the First Settler— A Pioneer Pot-Pie — 
Catalogue of Early Settlers — First Township Election — Mr. 
Eagles and the Bear— Saw-Mills, Grist-Mills, Tanneries, Etc.— 
Pioneer Schools and Religious Societies— A Fish Story. 

IN about the year 1833, a tall, broad-shouldered, dark-complexioned man 
named Roop built a small log cabin, not more than twelve feet square, in 
Washington Township. In this small and unpretentious building were domi- 
ciled his sallow-looking wife and some half dozen children, who habitually went 
clothed in nothing but nature's somber garment. In other words, they went 
naked all summer, and at the appearance of real cold weather, clothing of some 
kind was sewed upon them, and not removed until entirely worn off the next 
spring. How they managed to live is one of the mysteries more profound than 
those of Eleusis, It is stated that the children became so dark from exposure, 
that, when sitting on the rail fence surrounding their cabin, they looked like 
turkey buzzards. Others have said that this is not doing the buzzards proper 
justice. All agree, however, in saying that the children were dark. After Mr. 
Roop had lived there a few years, he called a few of his nearest neighbors to 
his assistance in raising a log stable, on which occasion Mrs. Roop set before 



288 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

the hungry men at dinner a large pot-pie, of which all ate with great relish. 
At the conclusion of the meal, one of the men inquired of the children what had 
become of the three or four young wolves which had been captured and tied near 
the house. One of the children promptly replied : '' Why. mam cooked 'em in 
the pot-pie." The men survived the announcement, but it is said they tore 
down the stable, althougli this is probably a mistake. When the Scotts came 
to the township in 183fi, Roop had greater improvements on his farm than 
could have been made in less than about three years ; and from the fact that he 
was not the most industrious person in the world, it is to be inferi-ed that he 
either had lived there at least three years, or else some other settler had lived 
on the same place and made some of the improvements. In the absence of any 
facts to prove the presence of such a person, Mr. Roop must be credited with 
having been the first settler. He did not remain long, but journeyed to some 
other locality. 

About two years after the settlement made by Roop, others began to 
appear, am6ng the earliest being Joseph E. Adair, and his sons John, Samuel, 
and George, Hugh Allison in the southern part, Joseph Galloway, Noah Myers, 
James McEchron, James Duncan, Isaac Stewart, Thomas Scott, John Prickett, 
David Wiley, Phillip Hite, Richard Neal, John Spear, Lindsey McKinson, 
Frederick Starkey, Elisha Moore and others. Still later came Andrew 
Rarick, Ross Rowan, John Spooner, Aaron Bouse, Smith Hunt, Charles Hunt, 
R. D. McKinney, Levi Keister, Roger McDonald, John Ogden, Jacob Grum- 
leich, Peter Gordy, Abraham Goble, Jonathan Hartsock, Fred Harper, John 
Humphreys, John Blain, Joshua Benton, Paul Beezley. James Campbell, 
Micliael Bouse, Allen Coons, William Daniels, John Dillon, Palmer W. Earl, 
Jacob Frederick, Daniel Foutz, Amos Wolf, Andrew Wilson, Thomas H. 
Wilson. Samuel Burrell and others. In 1836, there were about ten settlers in 
the township, and within the next five years there came in enough to enter all 
the land. 

Mary (Adair) Correll, daughter of Joseph Adair, who settled in the town- 
ship early in 1837, says that the first township election was held at her father's 
cabin on the 3d of April, 1837. Mr. Adair was elected Justice of the Peace, 
and the first case tried before him was an affaire dCamour. In the spring of 
1838, he married the first couple in the township — Jacob Scott and Lydia 
Lamson — during a heavy combined rain and snow storm. The names of the 
other first ofiicers are not remembered. Mrs. McKinney, whose death occurred 
in the fall of 1838, was the first to die in the township. Mary Prickett, now 
the widow of Aaron Metz, was born on the 20th of February, 1837, her birth 
being the first. The second birth was that of Abigail Adair, afterward Mrs. 
Robert Luckey. At an early day, Leander Eagles, who lived in Sparta Town- 
ship, went down in southern Washington Township to trade a colt for a yoke 
of cattle, and upon his return, as he was driving the cattle along, with the bell 
in the bosom of his wampus, he saw a bear feeding on acorns oif a short dis- 




^~?T</. 



WASHINGTON TP. 



1 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 291 

tance. The animal had not perceived him, and he stopped his cattle, and re- 
solved to see how close he could get to Mr. Bruin before the latter would notice 
him. He was without a gun, but carried his heavy ox-whip. He moved cau- 
tiously forward, and, when within about five rods, was scented by the bear, 
which reared up at first, but immediately started off at a rapid rate. It 
jumped into a field where some men were at work, and was turned back, and 
not wishing to cross the lake which lay on the other side, it started back toward 
the spot where Mr. Eagles had first seen it. On it went, and as it had to pass 
along a comparatively narrow ledge, Mr. Eagles determined if possible to inter- 
cept it. He ran with his best efforts, and as the bear passed him, he dealt it a 
heavy blow with his whip, which had the effect of partially turning it toward 
the lake, into which it plunged, swimming across, and again continuing its re- 
treat through the woods. An effort was made to get the neighboring dogs on 
Its track, but the pursuit was finally abandoned. Bears were very scarce, even 
when the county was first settled ; but deer and wolves were every-day sights. 
More than one old settler can tell of having killed four or five deer in almost 
as many minutes, and some can tell of struggles with wounded ones, whereby 
life was endangered. They were often very troublesome to the wheat fields, as 
their favored hour of grazing was just at break of day, usually before the set- 
tler had arisen. Often upon springing from the bed in the morning and glanc- 
ing out, the settler would find a small herd of six or eight pasturing either in 
the garden or wheat field, as fences could not turn them. If one was wanted, 
the rifle was pointed out through the window or door, and at its discharge the 
fattest would fall, and the others go bounding off into the woods at full speed. 
They would mingle with the domestic cattle, and soon became familiar with the 
bells, so that these were often used by hunters in stalking deer. Wolves were 
sometimes very troublesome, and even dangerous. Sheep had to be carefully 
guarded, as had swine and fowls. 

Hugh Allison built the first saw-mill in the township, locating it in the 
southern part, which a number of years ago was annexed to Whitley County. 
It is said that the lumber of which Mr. Galloway's frame house was built (the 
first frame house in the township) was sawed at this mill, which, if true, places 
the erection of the mill back to about the year 1837, or earlier, as the house 
was erected some time before 1840. Here was where the early settlers living 
m the southern part got their building lumber. Those living in the northeastern 
corner found it more convenient to go to Hall's mill in Noble, or to Henshaw's 
in York. In 1848, John Ryder built a saw-mill in the western part, on Tippe- 
canoe River, securing his water-power from a dain that formed a small lake. A 
large, fifteen-foot overshot water-wheel was at first used, but as this was found 
too cumbersome, it was replaced with an improved Adkins wheel. This mill, 
at times, it is said, was one of the best in the county. It continued to run with 
varying success until two years ago, when the old water mill ceased to be. It 
calls to mind the verse — 

00 



292 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

" Oh, the wasted hours of life 

That have drifted by I 
Oh, the good we might have done, 

Lost without a sigh ! 
Love that we might once have saved 

By a single word ; 
Thoughts conceived, but never penned, 

Perishing unheard. 
Take the proverb to thine heart — 

Take ! Oh. hold it fast ! 
' The mill will never grind 

With the water that has passed.' " 

Seven years after the erection of the saw-mill, Mr. Ryder also built a t^yo 
and a half storied grist-mill on the same dam. In this were placed three sets 
of stone, and the mill immediately entered upon a prosperous career, ihe 
quality of the flour has never been good, yet the mill, especially at certain 
times, has had an excellent patronage. Mr. Ryder, being a careless man, did 
not operate it as successfully as his successors. Mr. Henry S^Cobaugh bought 
the mill a few years ago, and last spring it was rented by G. L. H.lt, under 
whose supervision it is now conducted. Three turbine water-wheels are now in 
use The old mill-dam has been an excellent place to catch buffalo fish, the 
Tippecanoe being about the only stream in the county in which this variety of 
fish is found. A few extravagant stories-fish stories-are told, but the follow- 
ing is well authenticated : Alfred Yohn, Lindsey Makenson and another person, 
on one occasion a number of years ago. caught, in the short space of three 
hours, one hundred and fifty-five buffalo fish, averaging twenty pounds each, the 
smallest weighing sixteen pounds and the largest thirty-seven pounds There 
were two wagon loads of them. Other persons have caught large numbers, but 
this, so far as known, is the largest " haul." Noah Myers owned and operated 
a saw-mill for a number of years. It did not prove very profitab e. Joseph 
Evans, who came to the township in about 1840, opened a tan-yard, wluch he con- 
ducted for a few years. Mr. Sawyer owned and conducted a saw-mill about faf- 
teen years ago. It was operated by steam. No villages have been laid out in the 
township. This is a rare virtue, and, to the credit of the citizens, should be 
noised abroad, as about the first thing an early settler thought of was the advis- 
ability of founding a "Rome" or a " Nineveh" on his farm. In the absence 
of a village, it was found necessary, many years ago, to establish a post oihce 
in dwellin'gs, the first being located at the residence of Isaac Stewart, an early 
settler and the first Postmaster. The office was named Wilmot, a name it yet 
retains, though it has been changed around from house to house a number of 
times. It is convenient, as it brings the mail much closer. 

Washington Township is rich in the remains of the Mound-Bu.lders a 
race of people who inhabited this country before the Indian occupancy of the 
soil and of whom the latter had no knowledge, save what had been derived 
from the mounds and other works. Perhaps no other township can boast of 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 293 

having these remains so numerous and extensive. There also ran across the 
township, in early years, two important and well-traveled Indian trails, one run- 
ning from the Indian village in Sparta to Fort Wayne, and the other extending 
east and west. The former trail was an important highway for the Indian 
tribes, not only after the white settlers began to appear, but long before the 
feet of white men had pressed the graveled soil of Northern Indiana. It led 
along a "divide," whence it is said two streams force their way, starting within 
a few feet of each other, one flowing into the Tippecanoe, thence onward to the 
Wabash, Ohio, Mississippi and Gulf of Mexico, and the other into the Elkhart, 
thence into the St. Joeeph, the Great Lakes, the River St. Lawrence, and the 
Atlantic Ocean. Washington has one or more valuable cranberry marshes, 
which yield many bushels yearly. 

Education is, in America, par excellence, the great thing to be attained. 
Genius, in whatever direction, is always respected, commanding homage from 
the erudite and great of earth, but it may exist where education is wholly lack- 
ing. Genius is the rich mahogany or spice-wood, untouched by the hand o^ 
art; education is the polish or varnish, which gives tone and beauty to the 
crude conditions. But often a poorer wood, one that possesses no native 
excellence of its own, may be made an object of rare loveliness by a skillful 
combination of artistic colors and finishes. So with the human mind. One 
that is dull and drowsy as the tired face of slumber may be made a beautiful 
creation by the developing effects of a scholastic education. So universally has 
this truth been recognized, that education for the masses has climbed to start- 
ling heights and world-wide prominence within the last century. Back in the 
time when history was in its swaddling clothes, it was thought foolish and 
unnecessary that any one should be educated except the priests and ecclesias- 
tics. The common people were taught obedience, agriculture and war. Then 
it was that the people were thought unable to govern themselves ; but soon 
there came a time when schools became popular for all castes, and the people 
began to chant the loved name of Liberty. Countless wars followed to root out 
the foolish prejudices engendered in a benighted state ; and here we are to- 
day, still warring with the settled convictions of ignorance, encased in barbaric 
armor. The advance of education is slow, and an armed and solid van is pre- 
sented, that surprise and ignominious defeat may be avoided. Let us cheer on 
the cause of liberty and education. 

School in Washington Township was first taught in dwellings. A few 
families living in the same neighborhood would employ some teacher, for little 
or nothing, to teach their children in an unoccupied room of a double log-cabin, 
or in a building that had been erected for a dwelling and used as such for a 
time, and then deserted by the owner, who journeyed to some other locality. 
A few rough seats and desks would be provided, and the greatest possible use 
would be made of all books and slates. It is said, that some of the children 
were so poor, though anxious to go to school, that, being without shoes in win- 



294 HISTORY OF NOBLE COUNTY. 

ter, they would cover their feet as best they could, heat a small piece of board 
very hot at the fire-place, warm their feet thoroughly and then start on the run^ 
with the board in their hands, for the schoolhouse, and when their feet became 
unbearably cold, they would stand on the plank a few minutes, and then take 
it up and rush on again, and so on until the schoolhouse was reached. That is 
not a very satisfactory way to get an education ; at least, it would be extremely 
unpopular at the present day. Dwellings were first used for schoolhouses, and 
at last, when more settlers had appeared, small log schoolhouses were built. 
These, after being used from three to ten years, were replaced with frame ones^ 
and perhaps these again by other frames, and at last, but a few years ago, brick 
buildings were erected. This is, in general, the history of the schoolhouses. 
The first school in the township was taught by Ross Rowan, in 1837, in one 
room of a double log-cabin, owned by Paul Beezley, the other room being occu- 
pied by the family. The following families probably sent to him : Beezley, 
Adair, Scott, Galloway and others. In 1838, Rufus D. Kinney taught in a 
log cabin on the farm of Joseph Adair. These were the first two terms in the 
township. There are no recollections of school having been taught during the 
year 1839, although there must liave been school somewhere. During the 
summer of 1840, a small log schoolhouse, the first in the township, was built 
on Section 23, and the following winter Stephen Martin was employed to teach 
the few children residing in the neighborhood. Sessions of school were held 
here for several years. The building was also used for a number of years as a 
town-house ; but prior to its erection, town meetings were held at the residence 
of Joseph Adair. About three years after the erection of this house, another 
was built on Thomas Wilson's place, and Joseph Galloway, Jr., taught the first 
school. The families that sent to him were Wilson, Stewart, Myers, Galloway, 
Spear, Bull, Prickett and others. Aaron Bouse assisted in building the house. 
A year or two later, the woods got afire and the building was destroyed. School 
was then taught one summer, in the cabin of David Mullen, by Rebecca Sproul, 
and then a term was taught in Andrew Rank's cabin — in one room — by the 
same teacher. A schoolhouse was then built by the neighbors in one day and 
plastered and provided with seats the next. Eliza Ann Bull was the first 
teacher in this house, and when the frame was built in the same place, about 
1859, Mary Bouse was the first teacher. A log schoolhouse was built quite 
early near the Galloways, as was also one on the Buckles farm. James Hinman 
taught an early term in Isaac Stewart's cabin, receiving 50 cents per month 
from each scholar, the term being for three months. In about the year 1844, 
a school was taught in a dwelling in the western part, and a year hater a ses- 
sion was held in the northeastern part. By 1848, almost every district had its 
own schoolhouse and regular schools. Brick schoolhouses are found every- 
where. 

The first religious society in Washington Township was organized at the 
residence of John Prickett, by Elder Pullman, a pioneer preacher of the Free- 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 295 

Will Baptist persuasion, in the year 1837. Elder Pullman traveled on very 
long circuits through Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana, and was pre- 
vailed upon to stop long enough in the neighborhood to organize a small society 
of the following families: Prickett, Beezley, Humphrey and others. But the 
society could not survive and did not longer than a few years. No church was 
built, but meetings were held in dwellings and log schoolhouses, until finally 
the society was dissolved and the meetings ceased. Other societies have been 
been instituted during the time from the early settlement to the present in 
schoolhouses throughout the township, but nothing noteworthy has been accom- 
plished. In the year 1861, the only church ever in what is now Washington 
was constructed in the western part by the Lutherans. They were freely 
assisted by outsiders, who realized the social value attached to a church where 
children are growing up. The Rev. Mr. Dillow was the first to preach in the 
church. It was not long ere quite a large congregation was in attendance, and 
the society has been in a prosperous condition since. The building is comfort- 
able and is known as Salem Church. Among the first members were the 
families of Jacob Weigle, Michael Bouse, Israel Cooper, Mr. Hindbaugh and 
Thomas H. Wilson. 




BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 

LEM. F. ABELL, M. D., druggist, is a native of Seneca County, N. 
Y. Until sixteen years of age he was an assistant upon his father's farm. 
He received fine educational advantages, taking a preparatory course at Water- 
loo, and a graduating course at Hamilton, N. Y., graduating in 1849. He 
then went South, and for one year was engaged in the duties of teacher. Re- 
turning to New York he commenced the study of medicine at Port Byron, 
Cayuga Co., where his studies were protracted for three years, attending two 
courses of lectures at Geneva and one course at Jefferson Medical College, 
where he graduated in 1853. He practiced for nearly one year around his 
home, and then went to Michigan, and practiced there about two years. In 1858, 
he came to Kendallville and commenced in the drug trade, which business, with 
the duties of his medical practice, has engaged his attention up to the present 
time. His store is large, attractive, and well stocked with drugs, medicines, 
glass-ware, wall-paper and druggists' sundries. In 1873, he was married to 
Miss Lona E. Bolton, of Allen County. They have one child — Charles H. 

C. G. AICHELE, City Treasurer, is a native of Germany. He came to 
America in 1853, and settled in New York, where he remained for eight 
months, going from there to South Carolina, where he remained until 1859, 
when he went to Alabama, and thence to Georgia, locating at Rome. His oc- 
cupation was in following his trade of gunsmith, at which he was engaged in 
Rome until he was forced to leave or join the rebel army. Removing to 
Adairsville, Ga., he remained until May, 1864, when he was able to join the 
Northern troops, and came North. He was under strict surveillance during 
his entire residence in the South, and only escaped being conscripted into the 
rebel army by the most strenuous endeavors. Upon reaching Cincinnati, he 
worked there for a short time, removing to Hamilton, and was an employe 
of Gwinn & Campbell, in their gun works, for eight months, and then to Indi- 
anapolis, where for about one year he was employed at his trade and as a ma- 
chinist. In 1866, he came to Kendallville, where he started a gun-shop, which 
he operated until 1873. In 1871, he became the representative of several 
leading fire insurance companies, to which he has devoted a large share of his 
attention since. He now represents the Phoenix, of Hartford and of Brook- 
lyn, Continental, German Assurance, Germania and Niagara, of New York, 
the Liverpool, London and Globe, and the North British and Mercantile In- 
surance Company. He is also agent for the Inman, Cunard, North German 
Lloyd, America and Red Star line of ocean steamships. Mr. Aichele was 
elected City Treasurer of Kendallville in May, 1873, which ofiice he still holds. 
He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and K. of H., the last order of which he 
is Treasurer. In 1856, in South Carolina, he was married to Miss Mary 



298 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Schmeyhal. They have seven children — Mary, Augusta, Julia, Emil, Minnie, 
Annie and Albert. 

G. P. ALEXANDER, of W. W. Glosser & Co., is one of the young 
and progressive business men of Kendallville. He is a native of Pennsylva- 
nia ; came with his mother to Noble County in 1855. He was engaged at the 
trade of brick-laying and plastering, until 1864, when he became First Lieu- 
tenant of Company F, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Indiana Volunteer In- 
fantry, and was in service until February, 1865. Returning to Kendallville, 
he recruited up Company C, One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana Volunteer 
Infantry, of which he was Captain ; they remained in service until September, 
1865. Upon returning to Kendallville he resumed his trade, and was engaged 
in that occupation and contracting until 1877, when he received a commission 
in the railway mail service, with a route from Cleveland to Chicago, which re- 
sponsible and arduous position he retained until September, 1881, when he en- 
tered mercantile life in Kendallville, as a member of the firm of W. W. Glosser 
& Co., grocers, to which business his attention is now given. He was united 
in marriage with Miss Olivia Demmon, of Kendallville, in June, 1868. 

I. R. AYERS is the proprietor of one of the leading industries of Ken- 
dallville. Mr. Ayers is a native of Huron County, Ohio, and son of Enoch 
Ayers, who came to Steuben County, Ind., about 1836, one of the pioneers 
and early settlers of that locality. His father was a farmer, and also operated 
a saw-mill, and upon the farm and engaged in the saw-mill our subject passed 
his youthful days until the age of fifteen, when he went to Albion to learn the 
trade of carriage-making with Mr. Hoffman, with whom he remained about 
three years. In 1860, he came to Kendallville, and until 1864 was employed at 
his trade. He then enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry, and was in service about five months. Returning home, 
he soon after became a member of the One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry, and remained until the close of the war. Upon his return, 
he resumed his trade, at which he was engaged until 1873, when he started in 
business for himself, and has established a successful trade. He now constructs 
only first-class work in carriages and buggies; also does general repairing. Mr. 
Ayers employs from six to eight workmen at present, and is extending his 
business each year. He is a member of the Masonic order. In 1861, he was 
married to Miss Ellen Eley, of Jefferson Township. They have two children 
— Glenna and Maud. 

J. BITTIKOFFER, jeweler, is a native of Switzerland, where he learned 
his trade of watch maker and jeweler. He came to America in 1858, and settled 
in Crawford County, Ohio, where ho remained about one year ; thence to Fort 
Wayne, Ind., where he was engaged at his trade until 1865, when he came to 
Kendallville, and soon after engaged in the jewelry business, to which he has 
since devoted his attention. Mr. Bittikoffer, in addition to carrying a fine 
stock of watches, clocks and jewelry, is a proficient workman in repairing, to 
which department he gives especial attention. He is a member of the Masonic 
order, advanced to Knight Templar, and an enterprising, progressive citizen. 
Mr. Bittikoffer was married in 1864, in Fort Wayne, to Miss Katherina Wolf. 
They have six children — Fred 0., Rosa, John, Lillie and Louie (twins), and 
Katherina. 

JAMES A. BRACE, contractor and builder, is a native of Monroe County, N. 
Y. He learned his trade in Ehnira, N. Y., following it after his apprenticeship, for 
three years, in that State. He then came to Ohio, and for five years was engaged 



CITY OF KEN'DALLVILLE. 299 

in the prosecution of his business at Springfield. In 1858, he came to Kendall- 
ville, where he has since been identified, and where he is now recognized as one of 
the leading contractors and superintendents. Kendallville has had many of its 
public buildings erected under his supervision, and all over northern Indiana 
he has erected superior structures. Among the many, we briefly name the 
La Grange County Jail, the Mitchell, Able and Brust, Black and Krueger 
Blocks, of Kendallville ; many of the public blocks of Ligonier, and in 1881 he 
secured a contract on the Warsaw Court House. Mr. Brace has served on the 
Council, and been City Marshal of Kendallville. He is a genial and enter- 
prising citizen, and possesses superior business qualifications. He is a Master 
Mason, and a member of the K. of H. He was married, 1862, to Miss Phedora 
Decker. They have two children — Howard and Adah L. 

W. & J. R. BUNYAN, druggists, are sons of Robert and Hellen (Russell) 
Banyan, who came from Saratoga County, N. Y., to Lima, La Grange County, 
Lid., at an early date, settling upon a farm. Here the mother died in 1856, their 
father, subsequently removing to Batavia, 111., in 1S59, where he remained 
until his death, in 186-Jr. The family consisted of four children ; the subjects 
of this sketch, Mrs. Kate E. Reed, of Kendallville, and Mrs. Helen M. Ostran- 
der, of Kalamazoo, Mich. W. and J. R. Bunyan, are natives of Saratoga 
County, N. Y., and until 1859 were associated upon the home farm, in La 
Grange County, after their removal thither. In 1859, they began their busi- 
ness career in Kendallville, where they have been continuously engaged up to 
the present writing, and now represent one of the oldest and most substantial 
drug houses in Northern Indiana. William has taken a leading interest in 
politics, and in 1872 was elected State Representative from the counties of 
Noble and La Grange, which position of honor he filled most credibly for four 
years. He was married, in August, 1870, to Miss Cornelia R. Hudson, of 
Noble County. They have had one child, Mable Grace, deceased. J. R. Bun- 
yan was united in marriage, in 1868, to Miss Rebecca Barnum, of West Unity, 
Ohio ; they have five children — Winnifred, Robert, George B., Walter W. 
and James R. He is a member of the K. of H. and Chosen Friends. Has 
served the township two terms as Trustee. 

H. BURGWITZ, grocer, is the successor to G. C. Glatte, deceased, who 
came to Kendallville in 1854, and about 1857, started the " Pioneer " grocery 
house, which business he successfully conducted until his death in January, 
1879. Mr. Glatte was a prominent and respected citizen and business man, 
and served as a member of the City Council ; his wife, whose maiden name was 
Miss Laura Grate, is still living in Kendallville ; she has three children — 
Bertha, Willie and Charles. Mr. Burgwitz is a native of Berlin, Germany ; 
he came to America in 1877, and was associated with Mr. Glatte until his 
death, subsequently managing the business for the estate until 1881, when he 
became the owner. He carries a full line of groceries, crockery, etc., and has 
a thriving trade. Mr. Burgwitz is a member of the K. of H., and in Masonry 
is a Knight Templar. 

CHARLES COLLINS, foreman of the finishing department of John 
Deibele's sash, door and blind manufactory, is a native of Pennsylvania, and in 
1840 moved with his parents to Ohio. They settled in Defiance County, 
where, upon a farm, our subject passed his earlier days. He then learned the 
carpenter's trade, and after a short period, came to Noble County, first locating 
at Wolcottville. He was identified with the contracting and building interest 
of Noble and La Grange Counties for over twenty-five years. He came to 



300 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Kendallville in 1879, and became associated with the establishment' of John 
Deibele, and is now the foreman of the finishing department of that institution. 
He enlisted in 1863, in Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Illinois 
Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war, being mustered out 
as Second Lieutenant. He passed through some severe and trying service, 
participating in eight of the leading battles. Mr. Collins was united in mar- 
riage, in 1858, to Miss Isabella Newman. They have two children — Ora and 
Minnie M. 

JOHN DEIBELE, manufacturer and dealer in lumber and hard- 
ware, is a native of Germany. In 1853, he became a citizen of the United 
States, settling in Adrian, Mich. In 1855, he came to Kendallville, 
where he has been connected with the business interests ever since. He 
operated a saw-mill several years, subsequently learning the carpenter's trade, 
which occupied his attention for about sixteen years. In 1873, he started his 
present business, upon a small scale, and has, by judicious management and 
good financiering, established a business which takes rank among the leading 
industries of Noble County. He is a wholesale and retail dealer in lumber, 
laths, shingles, hardware, paints, oils, etc., and manufacturer of sash, doors, 
blinds, etc., running extensive planing and saw-mills, and employing in his 
establishment from twelve to eighteen men. Mr. Deibele is a fair type of a 
" self-made man." Beginning life in a strange country, he has, in a compara- 
tively few years, established a splendid business through pluck, industry and 
honorable business dealings. He has served upon the City Council, and takes 
interest in all movements of progress. He was united in marriage with Miss 
Anna Wingarth, in 1861. She died in 1873, leaving four children — Augus- 
tus, Amelia, Kate and Louisa. In 1875, he married a second wife. Miss Rosa 
Roop ; by her he had two children — Lydia and John. 

JEFF DUNBAR, books, stationery and news, is a native of Canton, Stark 
Co., Ohio, and son of 11. A. Dunbar, who has been for many years a prominent 
citizen and connected with the Sheriff's office of that county. Upon the breaking- 
out of the rebellion, our subject, who was at that period employed in the mercan- 
tile business at TiSin, Ohio, returned to Canton and enlisted in Company I, Nine- 
teenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He saw four years' active and severe service, 
participating in several of the leading battles of the war — Corinth, the Atlanta 
campaign and the Texas expedition of the Third Division of the Fourth Corps. 
He was mustered out in October, 1865, at which time he was acting as Orderly 
Sergeant. In 1866, he came to Kendallville, and in association with A. Koontz 
established his present business. The partnership lasted only a few months, 
since which time he has been in business alone. His stock is choice, well 
selected, and complete, and his establishment of great benefit to the city of 
Kendallville. 

ENGEL & CO., clothing and merchant tailors. This firm comprises two 
business men of long and successful experience. Joseph Kaufmann came to 
Noble County in the spring of 1856, locating at Ligonier, when he embarked in 
business with Strauss Bros., under firm name of Strauss & Kaufmann, dealers in 
clothing and general merchandise, which association lasted until the fall of 1864, 
when he went to New York and remained in business until 1880. He formed a 
partnership in Kendallville in 1862 with Moses Jacobs, under firm name of Kauf- 
mann & Jacobs, which business was condetued by Jacobs until 1869. The firm of 
Engel & Co. was formed in 1867, when Mr. Kaufmann became connected with 
J. Engel, in the clothing, gents' furnishing, and merchant tailoring business. 



CITY OP KENDALLVILLE. 301 

with Mr. Engel a8 the managing partner. They carry a large and extensive 
stock and do a successful business. Mr. Kaufraann returned in 1880 and settled 
upon his farm, consisting of 160 acres of finely improved land, located near 
Kendallville, and is also giving his attention to his business connection in the 
city. J. Engel became a resident of Kendallville in 1865, when he began his 
business career with the firm of Kaufmann & Jacobs, with whom he remained 
two years. He then became a partner with Mr. Kaufmann in their present 
business, to which he has since devoted his attention, and the extended trade 
that the firm enjoys is the result of his wise and judicious management. He 
is a Council member of the Masonic Order, and a citizen of worth and progress. 
One of the leading features of this establishment is the merchant tailoring de- 
partment, in which they have established an extended trade. They carry a 
splended line of piece goods, and have in their employ a practical cutter, there- 
by enabling them to turn out stylish and well-fitting garments. In all depart- 
ments this firm will be found to be among the leaders. The firm was dissolved 
February 13, 1882 (since the above notice was put in type), and the business 
is now carried on solely by Jonas Engle. 

S. W. FISH, grocer, is a native of Albany County, N. Y. His parents re- 
moved to Crawford County, Penn., when he was quite young, where, upon a 
farm, he was raised. In 1844, he went to Akron, Ohio, where he remained for 
nearly fourteen years engaged in the mercantile and bakery business. His next 
venture was in the grocery trade in Cleveland, where he remained until 1860, 
when he came to Kendallville and engaged in the hotel business, remaining two 
years, thence to Ligonier, where he was connected with a hotel about the same 
length of time. He then removed to La Porte, Ind., where for four years he was 
proprietor of a hotel. At the expiration of this time, he returned to Crawford 
County, Penn., where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits upon his father's 
old farm. Returning to Kendallville in 1875, he started his present business, 
to which he has since devoted his attention. Since 1878, associated with his 
sons, George M. and John W., under firm name of S. W. Fish & Sons. They 
carry a large stock of groceries and general produce, and are one of the leading 
business houses of Kendallville. Mr. Fish has served as member of the City 
Council two years. He was united in marriage with Miss Orrilla Ford, of 
Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 1836. They have two sons. George M. married 
in 1871 to Miss Eunice Trace, of Pennsylvania ; they have two children — Alice 
J. and an infant. John W. was married in 1875 to Miss Laura J. Stanley. 

F. P. FORD, photographer, is a native of New York State, and when a 
youth came with his parents to Adrian, Mich. His first business experience 
was in a printing office, where he was engaged for some years in the job and 
press work department, in which he became proficient. In 1862, he began 
learning his present art, continuing in Adrian until 1868, when he came to 
Kendallville, located, and has been in successful operation ever since. Mr. 
Ford is anxious to excel in his art, and has been a constant student of all of 
the many improvements in photography ; that he has succeeded, his superior 
work attests. His work bears the reputation of the best in Northern Indiana, 
which, coupled with reasonable charges, renders his trade extended. He was 
united in marriage, in 1869, with Miss Emma E. Allsbaugh, of Adrian, Mich. 

AUGUSTUS P. FRINK was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., and at 
the age of nine years came with his parents to this county. When eighteen 
years of age, he entered mercantile life as clerk in Fort Wayne, and was in 
same capacity subsequently, in Ligonier. In 1853, and until 1857, he was in 



302 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

trade for himself in Goshen, Ind. Soon after this he entered the Clerk's office 
of this county as an assistant. In 1862, he became a member of Company A, 
First Indiana Heavy Artillery, and had three years' service in the army; 
Returning home, he entered the employ of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern 
Railroad, subsequently serving the same company as station agent in Ohio, 
returning to Kendallville, where he filled the same position, being in their 
employ about nine years. He then for a time conducted a hardware business, 
since which his occupation has been varied. At the age of twenty-one. Mr. 
Frink was married to Rebecca Teal ; seven children were born to them, two 
dying in infancy. Nathan Frink, the father of A. P., was born in Oneida 
County, N. Y., in 1800, and at the age of twenty-one was married to Marian 
Pease, of Lewis County, same State. They had six children, the eldest dying 
in infancy. In 1836, the family came to this county, and settled in York 
Township, where the mother died in 1837. In 1842, Myra E., the eldest 
daughter, married William Pool, who subsequently died ; she then became the 
wife of Isaac Jopp. She had three children by her first husband, and two by 
the second. Harriet B., the second daughter, in 1849 married Nathaniel P. 
Eagles, and had eight children. Agnes E. became the wife of Thomas M. 
Eiigles in 1854, and had seven children. Charles S., the youngest son, was 
married in 1858 to Isabel Vermilyea ; she dying, he married again a few years 
later ; he was the father by first wife of three children, and of four by second. 
Nathan Frink married for his second wife Achsa Kent ; they had four children. 
His wife died in 1874, and in July, 1878, he died in Elkhart County, lud., at 
the age of seventy-eight. He was a citizen of good standing, serving as .Justice 
of the Peace for several years, and as Assessor. 

JOHN L. GALLUP, lumber dealer and farmer, son of Rufus B. and Abi- 
gail (Reynolds) Gallup, natives of New York andpioneersettlers of Wayne Town- 
ship, Noble County, located on Section 26 in 1850, which land his father had 
purchased some years previous. His parents remained upon their farm until 1874, 
when they removed to Kendallville, where his mother still resides, his father 
dying in 1876. He was a successful farmer, an honored citizen, and, with his 
wife, a consistent member of the M. E. Church. Three of their children are 
now living — Luthena Jones, of Wayne Township ; Adeline Wright, of the same 
township, and the subject of this sketch, who is a native of Saratoga County, 
N. Y. He has devoted much of his past life to farming operations, and 
is still the owner of the old homestead farm. In 1876, he added to his enter- 
prises a saw-mill and brick and tile yard, which he still operates, and, in 1879, 
moved to Kendallville, forming a partnership with A. 0. Hamilton in lumber- 
ing interests. This business the firm of Hamilton & Gallup are pushing to 
extensive and successful issues, and with their one-half interest in the Reed, 
Hamilton & Gallup Handle Manufactory, form one of the leading business 
houses of the county. Mr. Gallup is a Knight Templar, an officer in the 
Grand State Council of Chosen Friends, and a member of the K. of H. He 
has assessed Wayne Township six times on personal property, and twice on real 
estate, and is one of the promising, active and progressive young business men 
of Northern Indiana. He was united in marriage, in 1864, to Miss Martha E. 
Young, a daughter of .Jacob Young, one of the early settlers of Wayne Town- 
ship; they have one child — Rufus B. 

WILLIAM GEDDIS, blacksmith, is a native of Richland County, Ohio. 
He learned his trade in Knox County, Ohio, where he remained two years, subse- 
quently working one year in Richland County, and then, in 1852, came to 



CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 303 

Noble County, Ind., where he haa been identified ever since. Mr. Geddis first 
settled in Jefferson Township, where he remained two years. Orange Town- 
ship next became his residence, pursuing his calling thereabout six years. He 
then removed to Allen Township, where he handled the hammer, etc., in Lis- 
bon for about six years, after which he became a resident of Kendallville, where 
he still continues in his business. He is considered a first-class mechanic, and 
is well known all over the county. Mr. Geddis married, in 1858, Miss Mary J. 
Sheffer, of Morrow County, Ohio; they have seven children — Martha M., 
Frederick, James D., Warren, Ellsworth, Hattie E., Merritt A. and Seth G. 
Mr. Geddis is a member of the [. 0. 0. F. 

J. L. GILBERT, physician and surgeon, is one of the leading members 
of his profession in Northern Indiana. He is a native of Columbiana County, 
Ohio, and was identified upon his father's farm until his seventeenth year. He 
then commenced the study of medicine at Salem, Ohio, under the instruction of 
an experienced physician for two years. He supplemented his studies by a course 
of lectures at the Ann Arbor Medical College during the season of 1864-i)5, 
and subsequently attended two courses at the Bellevue Medical College of New 
York. In 1867, he located in Kendallville. In his practice here he has met 
with flattering success. Dr. Gilbert adds to his practical knowledge all in- 
formation to be gleaned from close study of the discoveries that are being made 
in medical science, and is thoroughly imbued with the progress of the age. He 
is a member of the Northeastern Indiana State Medical Association, and the 
County Medical Society. He now fills the chair of Theory and Practice in the 
Fort Wayne Medical College, with which institution he has been identified 
since its organization. Socially, and as a citizen, he is jovial and popular. 
In 1872, Dr. Gilbert was married to Miss Isabelle Chapman, of Ligonier, 
daughter of Hon. G. W. Chapman. They have two children living — Eva and 
Clara ; their eldest daughter, Lillian, died when four years of age. 

W. W. GLOSSER, of W. W. Glosser k Co., groceries and provisions, is 
a son of D. H. Glosser, who came from Knox County, Ohio, and settled in 
Jefferson Township, Noble County, in 1854, where he still resides, engaged in 
farming. Our subject is the second child of a family of four children. He 
remained upon the farm in Jefferson Township until he was twenty-two years 
of age. He then learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, to which business 
he devoted his attention for fifteen years. He became a resident of Kendall- 
ville in 1878. In May, 1881, he embarked in his present business, succeeding 
L. E. Pike, now deceased, formerly a prominent business man of the city. He 
came from New York in 1871, and was in business until his death in 1881. 
In September, 1881, Mr. Glosser associated with him in partnership Mr. G. 
P. Alexander — under firm name of W. W. Glosser & Co. This young firm 
are well started on a prosperous business career and, being progressive and 
enterprising, will doubtless soon take a leading position among the business 
houses of Kendallville. Mr. Glosser was married in 1873 to Miss Josephine 
Demmon, a daughter of Leonard Demmon, one of the pioneer settlers of Allen 
Township. Mr. Demmon is now a resident of Kendallville. 

THOMAS L. GRAVES was born in Clarksburg, Va., the 10th day of 
December, 1830, where his father died in 1833. The same year his mother, 
with seven children, removed to Kosciusko County, Ind. At about the age of 
fifteen, Thomas L. began the printer's trade, and became a first-class workman. 
In intellectual force he matured early, and at the age of seventeen commenced 
the publication of a paper at Warsaw, Ind. Since attaining his majority, he haa 



304 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

almost constantly held some public position. During the administration of 
Franklin Pierce he was appointed Postmaster at Warsaw, and served two years, 
when he resigned. An election was held to fill the position, but the result was 
ignored by the department at Washington, and as showing the reliance placed 
upon his sound judgment, the First Assistant Postmaster General wrote to'him, 
saying: "If you will not hold the office any longer, please designate your 
successor." In 1858, Mr. Graves removed to Columbia City and was shortly 
after elected Clerk of the corporation. In 1860, he was appointed Deputy 
United States Marshal to take the United States Census of Whitley County. 
In the winter of 1861-62, he removed to Kendallville, and in the spring was 
elected Justice of the Peace for Wayne Township, and served twelve consecutive 
years. Just before the expiration of the last term, he was elected Mayor of 
Kendallville, serving six years. He then declined another re-election. The 
Common Council then appointed him City Attorney, and at the end of two 
years was re-appointed, which position he still fills. Though constantly in 
official office, Mr. Graves is not a politician, but gives his attention to his busi- 
ness. He is what may be termed an office lawyer, and though delicate in ap- 
pearance, the amount of business transacted by him is almost incredible. In 
addition to his professional business, he gives some attention to the mercantile 
trade, being associated with his son as James Graves & Co., who carry a line 
of groceries and provisions. He belongs to the Masonic Order. 

J. H. HASTINGS, carriage and buggy warerooms, has for over twenty 
years been a resident of Kendallville. He is a native of Boston, Mass., wiiere 
at the age of thirteen, he commenced learning the painter's trade. He remained 
with the Slade & Widon carriage works for nine years in Boston, and went 
thence to Cleveland and entered the employ of 0. W. Hurlbut, and was employed 
by him ten years on fine carriage painting. After one year spent in travel- 
ing, he located in Kendallville. Mr. Hastings is a natural mechanic, and in 
the line of fine carriage painting has no superiors in Northern Indiana. He 
keeps constantly on hand at the warerooms, carriages, buggies, phaetons, etc., 
and does general repairing in all branches, trimming, painting, woodwork, 
blacksmithing, and also deals in second-hand buggies. His location in Kendall- 
ville is permanent, and his reputation for superior work extended. He ranks 
as one of the prosperous and enterprising citizen of Noble County. He is a 
member of the I. 0. 0. F., advanced to the Ligonier Encampment. 

H. L. HELMAN, grocery and produce, is a son of R. P. Helman, and a 
native of Allen Township, Noble County, Ind. He commenced an active busi 
ness career when sixteen years of age, during the late war buying horses for the 
army, in association with his father. He then went to Michigan and was en- 
gaged in the lumber business and in dealing in horses until 1867, when he went 
to Iowa, buying land in Henry County, and followed farming, attending school 
in the meantime at Mt. Pleasant, and handling stock for three years ; he pur- 
chased this stock in Missouri and the Indian Territory, shipping it to the east. 
Returning to Indiana, he purchased a farm near Lisbon, soon after trading for 
a hardware store in Kendallville, which he conducted, in association with his 
father, for five years, doing a large and successful trade and carrying a valuable 
stock. He then sold out on account of ill health, went to the West and was 
dealing in land until January, 1877, when he returned to Kendallville and 
commenced a broker's business, also as commercial traveler for a Bryan (Ohio) 
manufacturing company, continuing about three years. In the meantime, had 
engaged in the grocery and produce trade, to which he now devotes his atten- 



CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 305 

tion. Mr. Helman carries a fine line of groceries, and is also an extensive 
shipper of apples, produce, etc. He is an enterprising and wide-awake business 
man, and a citizen of value to Kendallville. Ho is a Knight Templar and a 
fifth-degree member of I. 0. 0. F. Mr. Helman was married in April 4, 1871, 
to Miss Maria Merchant, a native of Adrian, Mich. ; they have two children, 
Robert and Claude. 

R. P. HELMAN (deceased), was a native of Center County, Penn. 
His parents removed to Wayne County, Ohio, when he was a youth, settling 
upon a farm near Wooster, where the remainder of their days were passed. 
Our subject, in 1836, came with D. S. Simons to Noble County, and located 
some land near Lisbon. Returning to Ohio, they remained until 18-14, when 
the two families came to this county in a one-horse wagon, settling upon their 
land in Allen Township. Mr. Helman was an active and progressive man, at 
various times engaged in mercantile and milling enterprises. In 1850, he re- 
moved to Grant County, Wis, remaining there only one year, then returning 
remained here until his death, in 1872. He was for several years a resident 
of Kendallville, and, in connection with his son, H. L. Helman, carried on the 
hardware trade for several years. He was a member of the Methodist Church, 
and a typical pioneer. His wife, whose maiden name was Louisa M. Smith, 
was a native of Stai'k County, Ohio, and daughter of Ralph Smith. She is 
now living with her son in Kendallville. Three children from this union now 
survive: H. L. Helman, in Kendallville; Doran and Gordon in Kansas; five 
are deceased — Ralph, Juline Sherman, Marv, Elizabeth and Lucretia. 

WILLARD C. JACKSON is a son of Eldad and Olive Jackson, the 
former a native of Kentucky, the latter of New York. Willard Jackson was 
born in New York, Delaware County, April 3, 1818, and there remained until 
he came to La Grange County, in 1844. Here he remained about seven years, 
then moved to Steuben County, and in 1865 to Kendallville, since which time 
he has made this place and vicinity his home. He owns valuable town prop- 
erty, besides a farm of 80 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson have a family of 
twelve children ; the eldest was born in 1840. 

E. G. JOHNSON, contractor and builder, is a native of Virginia. His 
parents were pioneer settlers of Seneca County, Ohio, and at an early day 
came to Jefferson Township, Noble County, settling upon a farm. His father, 
William Johnson, remained there until his death ; his mother still survives. 
Our subject remained with his parents upon the farm until he was seventeen 
years of age. He then learned his trade, and has followed it ever since, achiev- 
ing a splendid reputation as a workman and builder. He came to Kendallville 
in 1858, where his home was established and has remained. In 1858, he con- 
structed the old schoolhouse. In 1859, he built the first Methodist Church and 
many other of the old buildings of the community. His work of later years is to 
be seen all over the surrounding country, and ranks among the best. He is a 
citizen of established integrity and worth ; has served upon the City Council, 
and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He married in 1859 Miss Emily 
J. Kerr, daughter of John C. Kerr, Esq. They have three children — Willie 
C, George B. and Ina P. 

W. C. JOHNSTON, proprietor of tannery, is a native of Canada, where 
he learned his trade. He came to the United States when twenty-two years of 
age, going to Rochester, N. Y., where he was employed two years, subsequently 
going to Spencerport, a town near Rochester, where he remained twelve years, 
working at his trade. In 1864, he came to Kendallville, where he has since 



306 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

resided. He was employed at first at his trade, subsequently, 1871, formed a 
partnership with Mr. Oviatt, which lasted two years, at the expiration of which 
he bought out his partner, since which time he has conducted business alone. 
Mr. Johnston has a complete institution of its kind, and manufactures superior 
grades of leather, also doing custom tanning. He is an honorable business 
man, and a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In the 
order of Masonry he is a Master. Mr. Johnston was married in New York 
State to Miss Mary Kinney in the year 1852. They have one child — Mrs. 
Dora Waltman, wife of J. G. Waltman, cashier First National Bank of Ken- 
dallville. 

J. KELLER & CO., general merchandise. This is one of the most 
enterprising commercial firms in Northern Indiana. In 186'2, M. Jacobs, after 
six years' business experience at Ligonier, came to Kendallville, and, in associa- 
tion with J. Kaufmann, under firm name of Jacobs & Kaufmann, began a 
general mercantile business. In 1864, J. Keller became a partner. In 1869, 
Kaufmann retired, and Jacobs & Keller conducted the business until 1871, 
when J. Kann became connected with them, continuing until 1876, when he 
retired from the business, since which time the partners have been M. Jacobs 
and J. Keller. Their salesrooms are commodious and their trade extensive. 
They carry a large stock of dry goods, boots and shoes, carpets, etc., also a full 
line of gents' furnishing goods and ready-made clothing, making a specialty of 
merchant tailoring. This latter department is under the charge of Mr. Wolff, 
a courteous gentleman, with a long business experience. To Mr. Keller, the 
managing partner, a large share of the prosperity which this firm enjoys is due. 
He is a shrewd buyer and possesses progressive views. He has served on the 
City Council and is a Mason. Keller & Kann consist of M. Jacobs, J. Kel- 
ler and J. Kann. They handle yearly a large amount of grain and general 
produce, in which business they are the most extensive in Kendallville. J. 
Kann, the manager, came to Indiana in 1854, and was for several years in bus- 
iness in De Kalb County. In 1859, he went to Ligonier, where, until 1870, he 
was a partner with Sol Mier. He then came to Kendallville, where he has 
since lived. 

JAMES B. KIMBALL, commercial traveler, is a native of Monroe 
County, N. Y. His parents moved, when he was a youth, to Maumee City, 
Lucas Co., Ohio, where they resided until their death. Our subject, at the 
age of twenty-two, went to Akron, Ohio, and learned the machinist's trade, 
where he remained from 1842 until 1850, engaged at mechanical work. In 
1850, he went to Defiance, Ohio, and started a foundry and machine-shop, 
which is in successful operation at the present time. Mr. Kimball conducted 
these works for three years, at the expiration of which he removed to Adrian, 
Mich., and was in the machine-shops of the Michigan Southern Railroad for 
three years. He next embarked in the mercantile trade, running a retail 
grocery house there for one year, and, in 1857, commenced his career as a 
commercial traveler, and in which he has passed the last quarter of a century, 
for the past twenty-three years without losing a day's time. He began travel- 
ing for a Toledo grocery house, with whom he continued two years; thence to 
Cleveland, Ohio, representing a boot and shoe house for over six years, and then 
representing a New York house in the same line of trade for nearly the same 
period. In April, 1871, he again became the representative of a Toledo gro- 
cery house, and in that line of business he is still engaged. Mr. Kimball has 
traveled over about the same territory during his career — Ohio, Michigan and 



CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 307 

Indiana. He selected Kendallville as his home in 1861, where he has been an 
enterprising and valued citizen ever since, taking an active interest in the 
advancement of the city and in building it up. He has served upon the City 
Council, and upon the School Board, being a member of the latter at the time 
the schoolhouse was built. Mr. Kimball is one of the prominent and leading 
members of the I. 0. 0. F. of the State of Indiana. He was admitted to 
Summit Lodge in Akron, Ohio, in 1845, and was a charter member of Apollo 
Lodge, No. 61, of Middlebury, Ohio. Since coming to Indiana, he has filled 
all of the offices of the Grand Lodge of the State, in 1876 being Grand Mas- 
ter, and in 1877 and 1878 represented the Grand Lodge of the State at the 
meeting of the Grand Lodge of the United States, held at Baltimore. In 
Masonry, he is a Knight Templar. He was admitted in Toledo April 21, 1858 ; 
demitted and joined at Kendallville in 1861. He was one of the charter mem- 
bers of Apollo Commandery, No. 19, of Kendallville, and in 1877 and 1880, 
during the triennials at Cleveland and Chicago, was Eminent Commander. He 
is also a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Kimball was united in 
marriage, December 17, 1844, with Miss Sophia D. Tyler, a native of Summit 
County, Ohio. They have one child — Charles D. 

J. M. KINNY, livery, is a native of Illinois, and went out as a mem- 
ber of Company H, Seventy-sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was in 
active service three years, participating in several of the leading battles of the 
rebellion. Upon his return, he practiced his profession of veterinary surgery 
for several years. He next was contracting upon the construction of railroads 
until 1872, when he returned to Illinois and engaged in merchandising for three 
years, subsequently engaging at farming one year. In 1877, he came to Ken- 
dallville, since which time he has been engaged in veterinary practice and the 
livery business ; in the latter, associated with William Hall. He is a member 
of the Society of Chosen Friends. Mr. Kinney married, in 1870, Miss Jennie 
L. McCune. They have two children— Bernice H. and Clarence M. 

HERMAN KRUEGER, wholesale wines and liquors, is a native of 
Germany. He came to America in the spring of 185-3, and settled in Kendall- 
ville, which at that period consisted of oply a few houses. Here he has been 
identified up to the present writing. In 1856, he embarked in the grocery 
business with R. Miller, which association lasted about one year. For a period 
of years, up to 1864, he was mainly engaged in real estate. He then again 
entered in partnership with Miller, continuing until 1867, when they dissolved 
partnership. His next enterprise was the building of the present Kelley 
House, in which building he conducted a grocery trade until 1870, when he 
started in his present business. Mr. Krueger has added much to business 
interests of Kendallville, his latest enterprise being the " Krueger Block," on 
the corner of Main and Mitchell streets. This block consists of three fine 
salesrooms, is two stories in height and neatly trimmed, built under the contract 
of James Brace. Mr. K. has served one term as member of the Common 
Council, and, in May, 1881, was re-elected. Is a member of the K. of H. 

JULIUS LANG, County Treasurer and merchant, is a native of Ger- 
many, and emigrated to America in 1849. He first located in New York, 
where he engaged in his trade of shoemaking, subsequently engaging in 
the boot and shoe trade in Brooklyn, which he continued for seventeen 
years. He next moved to Kendallville, when he embarked in the boot 
and shoe business, and which he is still conducting. He was elected 
Treasurer of Noble County in October, 1880, and is now serving in that 



pp 



308 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

caDacitv Mr. Lanj; has served the city of Kendallville as Councilman for 
Tt 7ms, and as Treasurer of the Board of Education for three years^ He 

rinks as ^ne of the solid substantial business men of Kendallvdle, and as a 

citizen, is progressive and enterprising. He was united m marriage, in 1850 
Mi s Katherine Dietrich. They have eight children now living-Em ly 

Bohn, a resident of Michigan; Henry, Julius, Herman, George, Louisa, Mineiva 

^"*^ "^OHN H LOHMAN, of G. H. Lohman & Co., druggists and manufact- 
urers of patent medicines, is a native of Germany; he came to America m 
1869, and for four years was engaged in various occupations j^ ^J ^ ""-^ ^'g; 
after which he came to Kendallville, and was an employe of Miller & D^ierr for 
one year; he then went to Bryan, Ohio, where he was engaged in the dry 
g^odrS^siness for two years. At the expiration of this period, he returned to 
Kendallville and was employed as a traveling salesman by his brothei, br. tl. 
Lhitn or the sale of his patent medicines. In 1877, he was admitted as a 
nartne' s nee which time he has been the manager of the manufacturing depart- 
Er He'L married, in 1879. to Miss Mollie Reber, of Kendallville. 

G H LOHMAN, of G. H. Lohman & Co., druggists and manufacturers 
of patent medicines, is a native of Germany. He became a citizen of the 
United States in 1865, and for one year was engaged in a drug store in Foit 
Wavne coming to Kendallville in 1866 with the business interests of which 
Ks sinc^ bfen identified. He was connected with the drug firm of Beyen 
Meyer & Brother, until they sold out to Erickson & Bicknell with whom he 
r m'ained until 1869 when he went to Ann Arbor and entered ^e U-versity 
of Michi<^an, from the pharmacy department of which he graduated n 1871. 
Returning t'o Kendalliue, he 'engaged with W. & J. f -^^^-y-'^^.f ^ 
with whom he remained eight months. In the fall of 1871 he e^t^hlished 
his present business; since 1877 associated with his brother John H. 
Lohman under firm name of G. H. Lohman & Co. In addi ion 
to a la ge stock of drugs, medicines, etc , they manufacture six pa en 
medicines! two of which, ^Dr. Marshal's Lung Syrup and D- Ma-J^l « 
Bromoline, have an extensive sale, and are made a specialty. Mi Lohman . 
Samemb r of the Board of School Trustees, of which he is also Treasurer^ 
Se was mlrried, in 1873, to Miss Mary Brust, of Kendallvi le, ^-ghter of 
Charles Brust, a deceased merchant of former prominence. They have thiee 

children. , . ^ . ^■,^ c p„,,|. 

S J M. LOOMIS, dry goods, notions, etc., is a native ot I'oit 
age County, Ohio. In 1855,^ he came to Kendallville and engaged 
af clerk fo George F. Clark, one of the first dry goods merchants 
of Kendallville, coming there from Medina, Ohio, in 1855 and m busi- 
ness until 1861. Mr. Loomis was associated as an assistant with Mi. 
Clark until 1861, when he embarked in business for himself, f ';,<^.o["\"^' J""-' 
w ere he remained only nine months. Returning to Kendallville, he began 
business for himself, where he has since remained^ Mr. Loomis is now the 
old Bt dry goods man in business in Kendallville. He carries a large stock of 
Sry coods, notions, boots, shoes, etc., and has secured a large and ex ended 
Se, whik he manages successfully, giving his exclusive time and att« to 
ts management. He is a member of the City Council and an advanced Mason, 
being a member of Kendallville Blue Lodge, Chapter, Commandery and Coun- 
cil^He was married, March 20, 1861, to Miss Angelme E. Fowler, a native |, 
of' Huron County, Ohio. They have three children-Homer, Harry and 
Morton. 



riTV OF KENDALLVILLE. 309 

HENRY J. LONG, editor and proprietor of the Kendallville Standard. 
is the oldest son of Michael F. and Jane C. Long, natives of Maryland! 
The marriage of Mr. Long's parents was solemnized at Georgetown, Penn., 
though their youth was spent in Lancaster County, of the same State.' At aii 
early day, they immigrated to AVayne County, Ohio, and subsequently, in 1836, 
removed to Auburn, De Kalb County, Ind., where they resided until their 
death. On the 1st of March, 1846, Henry J. Long was born in a log cabin 
near Auburn, De Kalb County, and here his youth was passed. Fair educa 
tional advantages were aflforde'd him at Auburn, in the earlier part of his youth, 
but in March, 1860, he began his career as a printer, in the olBce of the Waterloo 
Press, where he remained working diligently until the spring of 186J, when he 
enlisted in Company A, Twenty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry. When his 
term of service expired, at the close of the war, he came homo, and purchased 
a one-half interest in the Waterloo Press, retaining the same until the spring 
of 1867. The following year, he entered the Standard office, at Kendallville, 
as foreman, and served in that capacity twelve successive years, and then pur- 
chased the entire paper, and has since been editor and proprietor. Under his 
management, the circulation of the Standard has been almost doubled, the cir- 
culation being largest of any in the county. Mr. Long is a practical' printer, 
and was, during one winter, in the Public Printing Department of the Govern- 
ment, at AVashington. D. C. He has also been in the employ of the Chicago 
Ti7nes. He is a genial, whole-souled gentleman, an active Republican, and has 
worked faithfully for the success of his party. He is a Knight Templar, and 
IS a fifth degree member of the Odd Fellows. On the 3d of February, 1860, 
he was united in marriage with Miss Louise M. Rogers, of Rome City, Ind'. 
Two children have been born to this union — Charles and Arthur. Mrs. 'Long 
is a lady of culture, and furnishes many interesting articles for the Standard. 
V. C. MAINS, attorney at law, is a native of Belmont County, Ohio.' 
His parents subsequently moved to Muskingum County, whereupon a "farm our 
subject passed his boyhood days. He received good advantages of education, 
and at the age of eighteen commenced teaching, which he followed for three 
years ; in the meantime commencing the reading of law, with J. M. Buell, of 
Dresden, with whom he remained until he was admitted to bar of Ohio, in 18'54. 
He commence the practice of his profession immediately in Muskingum County! 
where he remained until 1856, when he came to Noble County, Ind. He 
located at Albion, remaining in practice there for three years, during two of 
which he served as prosecuting attorney for the counties of Noble and Whitley. 
In 1859, he became a resident of Kendallville, where he has been associated 
ever since, being one of the oldest lawyers in practice there. He is one of the 
progressive spirits of Kendallville, and a citizen of advanced standing and worth. 
Mr. Mains formed a matrimonial alliance in October, 1873, when he was united to 
Miss Leah Omsted, a native of Lancaster County, Penn. They have two chil- 
dren — Wilder D. and Maud M. 

M. T. MATTHEWS, local editor of the Kendallville .S'/an^arcZ, is a native 
of Morgan County, Va. His parents. Rev. L. W. Matthews, a divine of the 
U. B. Church, and Mary A. (Michael) Matthews, became residents of Wabash 
County, Ind., in 1860, where they have since resided. Our subject received 
fine educational advantages, having taken an academic course at the South 
Wabash Academy, and subsequently a collegiate course at Fort Wayne. He 
began the journalistic profession in August, 1881, by becoming the local editor 
of the StMidard, and possesses the necessary attributes to make a successful 
career in his chosen field. 



310 BIOGRAPHICAL SJCETCHES: 

H. McCRAY & SON, butter and egg packers. Mr. McCray, Sr., is a 
native of Licking County, Ohio. He is by trade a carpenter, which occupa- 
tion, together with egg packing, occupied his attention prior to his coming to 
Indiana. In February, 1868, he came to Kendallville and engaged in his present 
business. This business he has given his attention to up to the present time; 
since May, 1880, in partnership with his son Elmer. They are doing a large 
trade in their line, for which they have excellent facilities. In eggs, they make 
a specialty, for which they have erected a building, which is, in fact, a mam- 
moth refrigerator, and which will store several hundred barrels ; their market 
is principally New York. Mr. McCray. Sr., has been a member of the Ken- 
dallville Common Council two terms, and in the order of Masons is a Knight 
Templar. He was married, in 1857, to Miss Amanda Reynolds, also a native of 
Ohio. The^' have five children — Homer (in Fort Wayne), Elmer, John, Cora 
and Lena. Mr. McCray is also the owner of a cooper-shop in which he manu- 
factures barrels in large quantities. 

G. S. MERKLING, marble dealer, is a native of France. In 18.31, he 
came to America with his parents ; they located in New York, where they re- 
mained for about one year, subsequently emigrating to Wayne County, Ohio, 
where they settled permanently. Our subject lost his father when twelve years 
of age, and was bound out to a farmer. When sixteen years of age he com- 
menced learning the shoemaker's trade, subsequently learning the marble cut- 
ter's trade, at Wooster. This trade was his principal occupation until 1863, 
■when he came to Noble County and engaged at farming in Wayne Township, 
at which he continued until 187-3, when he came to Kendallville and inaug- 
urated his present business, which he has, by skillful management, brought up 
to an extensive trade. He has the reputation of carrying the largest and finest 
stock of marble and granite between Toledo and South Bend. Employing also 
skilled and artistic workmen, he is prepared to compete with all opposition. 
He is also in association with T. 1\I. Evans, engaged in the undertaking busi- 
ness. Mr. Merkling is a member of Kendallville Blue Lodge, Chapter and 
Council, F. & A. M. He was married in 1852, to Miss Mary A. Miller, a 
native of Lancaster County, Penn. She died in December, 1872, leaving five 
children — Lewis, Rachel. Delia, Luther and Otis. In 1874, he was united to 
a second wife, Mary Smith, of De Kalb County, Ind. 

H. P. MILES, general produce dealer in butter, eggs and poultry. Mr. 
Miles is a native of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, and until nineteen years of age 
was associated at farming and milling. He then went to California, where he 
passed four years engaged in mining. He then became a member of a com- 
pany of Massachusetts soldiers, enlisting at San Francisco, Cal. Upon their ar- 
rival in Massachusetts they were assigned to the Second Massachusetts Cavalry, 
and for two years served upon severe and active duty, participating in thirty- 
four battles, among which we briefly name Gettysburg, Cedar Creek, Winches- 
ter, the Shenandoah campaign, the seige and capture of Richmond, and was a 
witness of the surrender of Lee. The severity of his service is most forcibly 
illustrated when from 500 men who enlisted with him in California, only sev- 
enty-five returned. Returning to Ohio, he engaged at the carpenter trade, 
■which, together with milling, occupied his attention until 1870, when he went 
to Cleveland and engaged in selling produce there for three years. In Novem- 
'ber, 1873, he came to Kendallville, where he has since continued to reside. 
His business has been in the produce line, shipping extensively to New York. 
He represents the typical business man, being honorable, attentive and pro- 



CITY OF KENDALLVTLLE. 311 

gressive. He is a member of the Masonic order, and is a valuable addition to 
the business interests of the city. Mr. Miles married, in 1862, Miss Eliza J. 
Manuel, of California ; they have four children — Emma, William, Lottie and 
Archibald. 

EEUBEN MILLER, deceased, was born in Ohio, October 3, 1829. In 
1853, he came to Kendallville, Ind., and remained until his death, which 
occurred October 17, 1879. He was married in 1855, to Eliza Browand, a 
native of Pennsylvania. Four children were born to them — Katie, William 
B., Mason M. and George W. Mr. Miller, during his life, was a very success- 
ful grocer, and at his death left property estimated at about $50,000. He 
belonged to the Knights of Honor and Odd Fellows. 

JOHN MITCHELL, a banker and prominent citizen of Kendallville, born 
June 2, 1880, in Montgomery County, N. Y.; a son of William and Nancy 
(Keller) Mitchell, also natives of that State and farmers. William Mitchell 
was of Scotch-English and his wife of German descent. In 1836, thev removed 
to this county, and located on a tract of 160 acres of timber land, on which he 
platted the first village lots in the present city of Kendallville. He occupied a 
position of distinction and influence among the people, and, although he had but 
meager scholastic opportunities, yet his good sense and sound judgment made 
him master of a practical education. In 1843, Mr. Mitchell was the leader in 
the construction of the plank road built from Fort Wayne to Ontario, La Grange 
County, a distance of about fifty miles, which opened up that section of country 
to the trade of a large part of Southern Michigan. In connection with others, 
in 1852, he also engaged in the completion, under contract, of the Ohio & Indi- 
ana Railroad (now a part of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad), 
the first constructed in northeast Indiana, extending from Crestline, Ohio, to Fort 
Wayne, Ind., a distance of 131 miles, and to Mr. Mitchell is largely due the credit 
for the commercial importance of the city of Kendallville. He was an attendant of 
the Presbyteriaji Church, of which his wife was an active member. In 1810, 
he was elected by the Whig party to represent his district in the State Legisla- 
ture, and in 1860 he was elected by the Republicans of his district to Congress, 
and has also served the public in minor offices with distinction. When on a 
business expedition to Macon, Ga., in 1865, he died, lamented by a large circle 
of friends. His wife, a lady of marked worth, died in 1864. John Mitchell 
was six years of age when he came West with his parents. He attended school 
winters and worked on the farm the rest of the time during his minority. In 
1863, the Fii'st National Bank of Kendallville was organized, in which he was 
a stockholder and Director. His father was President until his death, when 
John succeeded him, which position he still holds, and to whom the success and 
prosperity of the bank is due. In connection with the banking business, Mr. 
Mitchell is engaged in farming and real estate transactions. He is a worthy 
member of the Presbyterian Church, belongs to the Masonic fraternity, of 
which he is a Knight Templar, and politically a Republican. He was married 
January 6, 1857, to Miss Sophronia J. V/eston, of Rome City, this county. 
She is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is highly esteemed. They 
have three children — Lydia A., Kate R. and William. Mr. Mitchell is emi- 
nently .successful in business, and a citizen of sterling worth. He has recently 
remodeled his residence, and surrounded himself and family not only with com- 
fort but luxury. 

JAMES NELLIS, Postmaster, is one of the old business men of Ken- 
dallville. He is a native of New York, born near Fort Plain, upon a farm, 



312 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

where he was reared until sixteen years of age. He then learned the trade of 
carriage making at St. Johnsville, where he remained for five years carrying 
on the business there. In 1855, he came to Kendallville and started a car- 
riage shop, and for about twenty years was engaged in that branch of industry. 
He manufactured all kinds of wagons, carriages, buggies, etc., continuing un- 
til 1867, when he was appointed Postmaster of Kendalville and engaged in the 
duties of that office, where we now find him. He has been, for twenty-eight 
years, a member of the Presbyterian Church ; is a member of Blue Lodge 
Free and Accepted Masons of Kendallville, and a trustworthy honored citizen. 
He was married in 1855, at St. Johnsville, N. Y., to Miss Elizabeth Borden, 
also a native of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Nellis have one child — Mrs. 
Agatha Tyner, of Chicago, 111. 

A. B. PARK, hardware, is a native of Ohio. He came with his parents 
to De Kalb County, Ind., in 183G. His father, Wesley Park, was a pioneer 
of that county, and subsequently one of its prominent business men. He laid 
out the county seat at Auburn in connection with other parties, and was for 
several years a county officer. Our subject was associated in the dry goods 
trade with his father at Auburn until IStJl, when he followed the fortunes of 
the late war until 1865, when he came to Kendallville and commenced business 
life, where he has since continued. He was first in partnership with his 
brother, Harry A. Park, under firm name of A. B. Park & Bro.; they con- 
tinued in business together until 1877, when his brother retired, since which 
time he has conducted business alone. He carries a line of shelf and heavy 
hardware, stoves, tinware, agricultural implements, etc., and is the agent for 
the Eldridge and Domestic Sewing Machines. He has served the city several 
terms as a member of the Common Council, and takes a leading interest in all 
matters of progress and advancement. He is a Knight Templar and an en- 
campment member I. 0. 0. F. He was married, in 1858, to Miss Mary A. 
Cook, of Richland County, Ohio. They have three children — Mary S., Flora 
E. and Frank B. 

A. S. PARKER, M. D., and proprietor of the Weekly News, Kendall- 
ville, is a son of Rial and Achsah (Snow) Parker, both natives of New York, 
and married in Huron County, Ohio, where they resided until their death. 
The senior Parker being a farmer, the early impression and education of A. S. 
•were received under the influences of that occupation. He was afforded good 
school opportunities of which he made valuable use. After his maturity, he 
attended the Homeopathic College in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1857, he began 
the practice of medicine in Kendallville ; continued until 1862, when he went 
to Iowa, remaining there two years, engaged in his profession. Returning to 
this State he entered the hardware trade in Ligonier ; this, together with the 
foundry business, he followed until 1871, when he resumed the practice of 
medicine in Kendallville. In the meantime, the Doctor attended lectures at 
Cleveland, where he graduated at the Homeopathic College. In 1875, he 
went to Garrett and entered upon his practice, but subsequently purchased the 
Garrett News, which he conducted there until the fall of 1877, when he re- 
turned to Kendallville, bringing with him the paraphernalia of his printing 
office and started the Weekly News. This venture has proved a success, 
financially and otherwise. A profitable job trade has been maintained in con- 
nection with the paper. In 1868, the Doctor served as School E.xaminer of 
Noble County, and has been a member of the City Council in Ligonier. In 
1869, he was married to Miss Chloe E. Wadsworth, daughter of Elihu Wads- 



ll 



CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 313 

Worth, a pioneer in Allen Township. She was the first white female born in 
that township. They have four children living — Maud P., Wadsworth A., 
May G. and Wilson B. 

P. B. PEPPLE, foreman of the sash and door department of L. N. 
Reed's establishment, is a native of Pennsylvania, and, in 1846, came with his 
parents, Abraham and Mary (Koons) Pepple, to Allen Township, where his 
parents still reside upon a farm. Our subject passed his early life upon the 
homestead farm, remaining until twenty years of age, when he learned his 
trade of carpenter and joiner, and at that vocation passed the years from 1852 
until 1862. He then engaged upon the manufacturer of sash and blinds and 
doors, and for the past few years has been the foreman of that department, 
together with finishing, for L. N. Reed. Mr. Pepple is recognized as a superior 
workman, and is a citizen of worth and intelligence. He is in Masonry a 
Knight Templar. He married, in 1862, Miss Melissa Kerr, daughter of .John 
C. Kerr, one of the pioneer settlers of Allen Township. Mr. and Mrs. Pepple 
have five children — Wilda, Edwin, Minnie, Bertha and Cora. 

L. N. REED, a prominent manufacturer, was born in Montgomery 
County, Ohio, in 1884, on a farm, and there remained till 1849. when he went 
to Euphemia, Preble County, to learn blacksmithing ; worked four years there 
and in Salem ; then, in 18.58, came to Indiana and opened a small shop at Wolf 
Lake. In 1856, he moved to Wolcottville, where he was seriously injured 
while shoeing a vicious horse. The winter following, he taught school in Wash- 
ington Township ; visited Illinois and Missouri ; returned to Ohio in the fall of 
1857, and, on the 12th of December mai-ried Miss A. M. Cramer, of Piqua. 
who bore him one child — Erbie B. He tried farming in Montgomery County, 
and was drowned out in 1858, losing all his summer's work. He settled all his 
bills, however, and, with only $14 capital, traveled six hundred miles through 
the West ; then reached Rome City ; this point he deserted, as he found no 
credit or security, for Wolcottville, where he met with no better success, and 
finally located in Kendallville, where he commenced work for Nellis & Hill, 
blacksmiths. He labored four years as a journeyman, and then started a shop 
on West Mitchell street for manufacturing lumber wagons. His health fiiiling, 
in May, 1866, he sold out and went to Elkhart, where he started a hub and 
spoke factory ; lost $1,000 ; returned to Kendallville, and started the lumber 
trade in 1868, and January, 1869, bought one-third interest in the planing-mill 
of Hill, Brace & Wakman, Mr. Brace retiring. In January, 1870, he 
bought out Mr. Wakman, and the business prospered under the firm name of 
Reed & Hill until January, 1877, when Mr. Hill withdrew. During this 
interval (1872) Reed & Hill, in company with A. J. Brace, erected the La 
Grange County Jail. Our subject continued the business, and now owns the 
most complete establishment of its kind in Northeastern Indiana, and is one of 
the oldest manufacturers in the town, carries a heavy stock of lumber, as well 
as builders' supplies, and does a heavy building contract business. Mr. Reed 
)s a Mason and is in the Knight Templar degree. 

F. 0. ROSSBACHER, manufacturer and dealer in furniture, etc., is a 
son of Oscar Rossbacher, who emigrated from Germany to the United States, 
and after a few years' residence at Fort Wayne, came to Kendallville in 1857, 
and embarked in the manufacture of furniture and cabinet work. He estab- 
lished a good business, and was connected with this branch of industry until 
bis death, in 1879. He was a member of the Lutheran Church, and a re- 
ppected citizen. The subject of this sketch succeeded to the business of his 



314 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

father, and is carrying a complete line of furniture. The cabinet department 
is presided over by Gustav Sprandel, who came to Kendallville in 1863, and 
learned his trade of the elder Rossbacher, since which he has been nearly all 
of the time employed by that house. 

NORMAN L. SOUTHVVORTH is a son of Lorenzo and Miranda 
(Isabell) Southworth, early settlers of Allen Township. His father was a 
native of New York, his mother of Ohio. They were married in Allen 
Township, Noble County, in 1840, by Elihu Wadsworth, and immediately 
settled in Michigan, where they remained three years. Returning to Noble 
County, they settled at Lisbon, where his father commenced a mercantile busi- 
ness, which continued for a number of years. They are now living in Wayne 
Township. Seven children are descendants from this worthy couple — Norman 
L., Sarah M. Hill, Bradley C, Mary A. (deceased), Leander, Harriet Gibson 
and Ida Duerr. Norman L. was born in Michigan in 1841. Until 1861, he 
was employed principally in a saw-mill, when he enlisted in Company F, 
Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was in service over one year, receiv- 
ing his discharge on account of disability. In February, 1865, he re-enlisted, 
and March 4 was commissioned First Lieutenant of Company C, One Hun- 
dred and Fifty-second Indiana Volunteer Inflmtry, and upon landing at 
Charleston, was detailed on Gen. Egan's staff, in which connection he was 
assigned commander of Provost Guards. His services continued until the 
close of the war, when he returned to Kendallville. During the past seven 
years he has been employed as solicitor for Merkling's Marble Works. He is a 
member of I. 0. 0. F. In 18G3, he was married to Miss M. J. Baughman, of 
Allen Township. They have six children — William, Minnie, Charlie, Guy, 
Clyde and Ray. 

HENRY J. STICHT, Union Carriage Manufactory, is a son of John 
M. Sticht, a native of Germany, who came to America about 1841, settling 
first in New York, soon after removing to Canajohavie, N. Y., and started in 
the boot and shoe trade, also running a harness shop. He continued there 
until 1867, when he came to Kendallville and engaged in banking, continuing 
for two years, at the expiration of which he was forced to take a carriage man- 
ufactory, and to this business he devoted his attention for several years. He 
was also engaged in the livery business. His carriage works he enlarged, and 
at one time employed over thirty men. His connection with the business in- 
terests of Kendallville was of a leading character, and continued until his 
death. He served as a member of the City Council, and was a respected and 
valued citizen. His wife's maiden name was Caroline Winsman. She was 
also a native of Germany. They were married in New York State, two chil- 
dren being the issue — Charles, and Henry J., the subject of this sketch, now 
one of the young business men of Kendallville. He is a native of New York 
State, and while there learned the trade of shoemaking of his father. Upon 
coming to Kendallville, he went to work at tinning, following that for one and 
one-half years. He then learned the trade of blacksmithing, to which he has 
devoted his attention since. In 1876, he became associated with his father in 
the management of the Union Carriage Manufactory, in which business he has 
continued. He was also at one time interested in the livery business with his 
brother. Mr. Sticlit is now conducting the blacksmithing and trimming de- 
partments of the Union Carriage Manufactory ; also does general repairing and 
blacksmithing. 



CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 315 

GEORGE B. TEAL, hardware, son to George and Nancy (Brower) Teal, isa 
native of Preble County, Ohio. VVhen three years of age, his parents became res- 
idents of Perry Township, where, upon the farm, he passed his boyhood days, 
remaining at home until twenty-two years of age. He then went to Ligonier 
and embarked in the drug trade with Dr. Arnold, continuing for four months, 
when they divided up the stock, and our subject removed to Albion, starting in 
that trade, then in association with his brother. Dr. Norman Teal. They con- 
tinued there until 1861, when Dr. Teal entered the army, and our subject re- 
turned upon the farm, soon after going to Ligonier, when for ten years he was 
engaged as clerk in dry goods, hardware, drug and grocery stores, also learn- 
ing photography. He next went to Geneseo, 111., where he remained only two 
months, returning to Ligonier. In 1865, he removed to Brimfield, where for 
nine years he carried on the drug business, also serving as United States Ex- 
press Agent for five years. He then accepted the agency for Kendallville for 
that company, and in 1875 added to his business by buying a stock of hard- 
ware in association with A. P. Frank, which partnership lasted until 1880, 
when Mr. Teal became the sole owner. In 1880. he severed his connection 
with the express company, and is now devoting his attention exclusively to the 
hardware trade. In 1877, he was appointed Clerk of the Circuit Court, to fill 
a vacancy occasioned by the death of Joseph Cox, and performed the duties of 
that position for six months. He is a Knight Templar, and a progressive and 
liberal-minded citizen. Mr. Teal was unitedin marriage, in 1861, to Miss Anna 
A. Mason, a native of La Grange County, and daughter of Peter L.' Mason, 
one of the early settlers, and the first Sheriff of that county. She died in De- 
cember, 1863, leaving two children, Adda B., now deceased, and William B. 
In October, 1880, he was united to a second wife, Mrs. Clara Ray, of Cold- 
water, Mich. Her maiden name was Clara Redfield, formerly of Clifton 
Springs, N. Y. 

J. M. TEAL, dentist, is a son of George and Nancy (Brower) Teal, early 
settlers of Perry Township. He was born in Perry Township, and is the sev- 
enth son of a family of eleven children. His early life and associations were 
upon the home farm until twenty years of age, when with Dr. Gants, of Ligo- 
nier. he commenced the study of dentistry, remaining associated with him until 
1867, when he was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Crone, a resident of 
Allen Township, and native of Ohio. He then removed upon the farm with 
his father, soon after resuming his practice with Dr. Gants for one year. In 
1871, he became a resident of Kendallville, where he has been in successful 
practice since. He is a member of the State Dental Association, and is a thor- 
ough student in his profession, having a valuable medical and dental library, 
and strives to keep pace with the progress of his calling. He is a member of 
the Chosen Friends, and, with his wife, of the Methodist Church, of which for 
many years he has been Trustee. Mr. and Mrs. Teal's family consists of two 
children — Mattie and Angle. A daughter, Hattie A., died September 11, 
1881. 

NORMAN TEAL, physician and surgeon, whose portrait appears in this 
work, is one of the successful practitioners of Northern Indiana. He was 
born in Preble County, Ohio, in December, 1829, the third of eleven children, 
to George and Nancy (Brower) Teal, who were pioneers of Perry Township. 
Nine of the children are now living. Dr. Teal passed his earlier years on his 
father's farm, in teaching school and as a clerk in a store. He commenced the 
study of medicine in 1851, at Ligonier, with Dr. C. L. Wellman. In about 



316 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

one year, he went to Preble County, Ohio, where, for a short time, he was under 
the tutorage of Dr. Nesbitt, and subsequently with Dr. Latta, of Goshen. He is 
a graduate of the Rush Medical College of Chicago. In 1854, the Doctor 
commenced his practice in Swan Township. Spending one summer there, he 
went to Springfield, Elkhart Township, where, in association with Dr. W. N. 
Nimmon, he remained several years. He then removed to Albion, where, with 
a brother, George B. Teal, he engaged in the drug trade, and also practiced 
his profession. In 1862, the Doctor entered the service as Assistant Surgeon. 
During the winter of 18G2-63, he was in charge of a hospital at Murfreesboro, 
Tenn.; at Chattanooga, in hospital service in winter of 1863-64 ; and during 
Sherman's campaign, of the summer of 1864, was upon the operating staff in 
the First Division Hospital of the Fourteenth Army Corps. He rejoined 
Sherman's army at Goldsboro in April, 1865, and was with the advance 
when Joe Johnston surrendered at Durham Station, N. C. The valuable ex- 
perience gained during this service has been of inestimable value to him in his 
later practice, especially in the field of surgery. With the exception of a few 
years passed in Michigan, where he was in practice, and also engaged in edit- 
ing a local newspaper, which he established at Hersey, Dr. Teal has, since 
the war, resided at Kend.illville. Here he has established a successful and 
lucrative practice, and as a citizen is held in high esteem. His acquaintance 
with the people and past events is extensive. In current literature as well as in 
medicine, the Doctor is well informed and keeps apace with the times. He is 
an influential Republican, and a member of the County Medical Society, of 
which he has been Secretary since its organization in 1873. He also belongs 
to the N. E. Medical Association. Dr. Teal was married, in 1855, to Miss 
Electa Shupe, of Richland County, Ohio. She died in 1860, leaving a son, 
George A., who graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1882. In 
1866, he married Miss Angeline Gruey, of Kendallville; they have one child 
living, Nannie; two dead, viz., Norman Teal, Jr., who died September 17, 
1870, aged two years and two days; Alice Dutton, who died November 4, 
1881, aged fourteen years one month and twenty days. Alice was a child in 
years, but of intellect far in advance of them — thoughtful, unselfish, tender, 
loving and gentle ; a fiivorite with her teachers and classmates, and was sin- 
cerely mourned by all who knew her. 

L. A. THOMPSON, who is engaged in the grocery and produce trade, is 
a native of Morris County, N. J., where he was born in 1809. At the early 
age of ten years, he began work at the tanner's and shoemaker's trades, and for 
forty years continued in those industries in his native county, building up an 
extensive business ; finding sale for his boots and shoes principally in the South. 
In 1863, he disposed of his interests there and came to Kendallville in 1864. 
Here he commenced in the grocery trade by purchasing the interest of Whit- 
ford, in the firm of Whitford & Bosworth. Mr. Thompson subsequently started 
the business in another locality alone, his relations with Bosworth having 
been dissolved. In the new venture he soon associated with himself, his son 
William H. This business in about eighteen months was wiped out by fire, the 
Joss to Mr. Thompson being about |3,000. From this they started in the 
grocery and bakery business, dissolving in about four years. Mr. Thompson 
has since been engaged, first in the poultry business, then in groceries and prod- 
uce. He is a Mason and a member of the society of I. 0. 0. F., and in New 
Jersey filled several positions of trust. Although now about seventy-four years 
old, lie is vigorous and active, and has more " push " in him than most of the 



L 



•CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 317 

■younger generation. In 1832, he married Miss Jane C. Mase, who was also a 
native of New Jersey. Five children have been born to them — Sarah J., now 
Mrs. Seeley, of New ¥ork;; Anna B., now Mrs. Andrews, of Coldwater, Mich. ; 
Mary C. Plolbrook (died in Coklwater) ; David Headly, who was a volunteer in 
the Seventh New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, and in active and severe service 
nearly three years, was captured by tiie rebels near Petersburg and passed 
eleven months in captivity, being in five different prisons. From the effects of 
this confinement, he never recovered, living but fifteen months, when he died in 
Kendallville September 7, 1866. The youngest son, William H., resides in 
Kendallville. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson are members of the Presbyterian Church. 
Have a decidedly comfortable home in a large brick residence, where Mrs. 
Thompson accommodates a few boarders to occupy the extra room in their large 
dwelling. Those who find a home under her roof can testify as to the gener- 
osity with which she dispenses her hospitality. Fifty years of wedded life have 
been the lot of Mr. and Mrs. Thompson, and in their almost perfect health they 
seem to have the promise of many years more. 

J. G. WALTMAN, Cashier of the First National Bank, is a son of 
Emanuel and Barbara (Algire) Waltman, natives respectively of Pennsylvania 
and Ohio. They were married in the latter State, where they lived on a farm 
until about 1854, when they removed to this county, locating in Allen Town- 
ship. In 1870, they removed to Kendallville, where the father is now engaged 
in stock dealing. Himself and wife are members of the Evangelical Lutheran 
Church. Three children have been born to them — J. G., Mary C. (now Mrs. 
Parks) and Ivan J. The subject of this sketch is a native of Richland 
County, Ohio. When eighteen years old he commenced the mason's trade. 
This he followed for about five years. He then for a time served in his father's 
employ in a meat market. Then, after a few months in the railroad freight 
office, he entered the bank in 1873, assuming the duties of cashier after the 
the death of Mr. Schulze. In this capacity, he is both popular and efficient, and 
as a young man has a bright future before him in business life. He is a member 
of the Chosen Friends, and was married in 1880 to Miss Dora Johnston, of 
Kendallville. 

FRED J. WESTFALL, Union Carriage Manufactory, is a native of 
Prussia, where he learned his trade of carpenter and wagon-maker, and followed 
it for five years. In 1863, he came to America and located at De Kalb Coun- 
ty, Ind., where he remained for seven years employed at his trade. In 1870, 
he came to Kendallville and was employed by Mr. Sticht one year; subsequent- 
ly, by Mr. Nellis three years. He then moved to Orange Township, where, 
for a period of four years, he followed farming and also working at his trade. 
He then went to Wolcottville, where he remained one and a half years, and then 
returned to Kendallville where he is now established. In January, 1881, he 
became proprietor and manager of the woodwork department of the UnioQ Car- 
riage Works, to which he is now devoting his attention. In 1862, he was mar- 
ried to Frederica Lamback ; she died in 1868, leaving two children — Lewis and 
John. In 1869, he was united with a second wife. Miss Margaret Hunter, of 
De Kalb County. They have one child — -Inez. Mr. Westfall is a member of 
the I. 0. 0. F., and an industrious, enterprising citizen. 

E. J. WHITE, Union Carriage Manufactory, is a native of Miami County, 
Ind., and, since the age of seven years, has been a resident of Kendallville ; at 
the age of eighteen, commenced to learn his trade of carriage painting with Mr. 
Gradon, with whom he remained eighteen months. He subsequently was in 



318 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

the employ of J. H. Hastings about fifteen months, and thence to the carriage 
works of James Nellis, where he remained seven years. In October, 1876, he 
became connected with Mr. Sticht's carriage works as proprietor of the painting 
department, which he has operated and controlled up to the present time. Mr. 
White is conceded to be a superior w'orkman, and has done no small share to- 
ward the establishing of the extended name for first-class and honorable work 
which the Union Works bears. He is a Royal Arch Mason (ofiice of Senior 
Warden), and also a member of the Good Templars. Mr. White was married, 
in 1874, to Miss Ida Shoyer, a native of Noble County. They have one child 
— Libbie. 

A. C. F. WICHMAN, superintendent of brewery, came to America in 
1849, with his parents, from Prussia, his native country. They located in Cin- 
cinnati, where our subject learned the cabinet-maker's trade. After working at 
it there two and a half years, he came to Fort Wayne, where he pursued his 
calling about the same length of time. After a short period in Logansport, 
Ind., he returned to Fort Wayne and remained until January, 1864. when he 
came to Kendallville, engaging in the furniture trade until 1867. For several 
years, subsequent to this period, he worked at different things — principally 
book-keeping. In 1877, 'he bought one-half interest in the brewery with 
William Seifert, which they conducted until the death of Seifert in September, 
1879, when Mr. Wichman became the sole owner, and which he has conducted 
up to the present time, being now, by a subsequent change in proprietorship, 
manager for the owner, Henry C. Paul, of Fort Wayne. This brewery was 
built in 1867, by Louis Schwartzkopf and Geo. Aichele, subsequently becom- 
ing the property of Francis J. Beek, Seifert and Heinike, and the parties men- 
tioned above. Mr. Wichman has served as City Clerk three years; as Town- 
ship Assessor one term, and is now the City Civil Engineer. He is a promi- 
nent member of the German Lutheran 'Church, having been a member, together 
with his wife, since 1864. Mr. Wichman was united in marriage, in 1857, with 
Miss Elizabeth Eberlein ; she came from Bavaria, Germany, in 1848, to Amer- 
ica. They have nine children — Emma, Herman, Lizzie, Magdelena, Albert, 
Lydia, Paul, Henrv and Clara. 

WILLIAM WILLETT is a resident of Kendallville, and engaged exten- 
sively in contracting for stone masonry and bridge work. He is a native of 
England, from which country he came to America in 1850, locating in New 
York, where for a short time he followed painting. He then came to Michi- 
gan, and soon thereafter located at Lima, La Grange County, this State, where 
he was occupied at his trade of stone masonry for several years. He then 
located in Goshen one year, and in 1865 became a resident of Kendallville. 
Mr. W^illett was married in 1851 to Miss Maria Taylor, who was also a native 
of England. They have four children of their own, living — William E., 
Frankie, Lena and John, and one grandson, Claudie. Four of their children 
are deceased — Annie (who became Mrs. Emerson), Harry, Grace and an infant. 
Mr. Willett is well up in his business, being a practical workman and a suc- 
cessful manager. As a citizen, he stands high, and is regarded with much favor 
as a member of the community in which he lives. He belongs to the I. 0. 0. 
F. and to the K. of H. 

DR. S. T. WILLIAMS is a native of Mount Gilead, Morrow Co., 
Ohio, and son of Dr. N. and Lydia (Eicher) Williams. He had superior edu- 
cational advantages, for about four years attending select school at Defiance, 
Ohio, under the tutelage of a Professor of Languages, who was a ripe scholar 



CITY OF KENDALLVILLE. 319 

and an excellent eJucator. Dr. Williams was a close student, and, having 
decided upon the medical profession, began his studies with his father, also in 
association with Drs. Colby and Moss. In his professional course, he was the 
same careful, earnest student, and after two series of lectures at an Eclectic 
medical institute, in 1858 he graduated therefrom. He began teaching when four- 
teen yeai's of age, which he followed at intervals until he began his pi'actice in 
1858. He was associated with his father at Defiance, Ohio, until 1863, when 
he entered the United States service as Surgeon, remaining until 1865, during 
which period he was in charge of Hospital No. 14, of Nashville. Tenn., and 
acquired a most valuable experience. Returning to Ohio, he soon came to 
Kendallville, where he has been in professional association with his father. Dr. 
Williams is a thorough gentleman, progressive, well-read in his profession, and 
also in general literature. He is a Knight Templar Mason, and in 1879 held 
the office of Grand Commander of the Grand Commaudery, K. T., of the 
State of Indiana. He is a member of the Northeastern Indiana Medical Asso- 
ciation ; was Surgeon for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad until 
the office was discontinued in 1879 ; is a Surgeon of the Railway Hospital 
Association of Toledo, and is Pension Examining Surgeon. Dr. Williams was 
married in 1858 to Miss Mary E. Lehman, of Defiance. They have four chil- 
dren — Effie, Warren S., Minnie and Allie. 

DR. N. WILLIAMS is a native of Fayette County, Penn. At the 
age of ten years, he was thrown upon his own resources by the death of 
his father, and hired out for $2.00 per month at farming; this he followed un- 
til sixteen years of age, attending school in the meantime at every opportunitj'. 
He next engaged at cabinet-making, which he continued about three years ; he 
then began the study of medicine, and also acquired a higher education. At 
the expiration of four years of study, he graduated from a school of medicine 
at Connellsville, Penn., in 1828, and for nearly two years practiced in Eastern 
Ohio. From this time up to 1845, he was engaged in various occupations ; 
coming then to Columbia City, Ind., where, after nearly two years' residence, 
he again resumed the study of medicine with the intention of making that pro- 
fession a life business. In 1847, he removed to Defiance, Ohio, in which 
vicinity for nearly twenty years he was actively engaged in practice. In July, 
1865, he came to Kendallville, where he has since been one of the leading 
members of the medical profession. He is a genial gentleman, and although 
passing into the "sere and yellow leaf" his years sit lightly upon him. He 
was united in marriage in 1831 to Miss Lydia Eicher, of Pennsylvania. They 
have two children living, Salathiel T. Williams, M. D., in practice with his 
father, and Tryphenie, wife of Dr. Wilson, of Kendallville. Dr. Williams has 
been for over fifty years a member of the Methodist Church, and in society 
ranks as one of its most valued members. 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 

ABRAM R. ACKERMAN is a son of John and Jane (Bennett) Acker- 
man, who were natives of New York State, and residents there until 1845, 
when they emigrated to Indiana and located in Wayne Township, where they 
resided with their son William up to the time of their death. Abram is a na- 
tive of the Empire State. His life has been passed in farming, at which he is 



320 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Still actively engaged — for the past twenty-five years in Wayne Township, where 
he now owns sevdnty-five acres of good land, which is well improved and whicli 
he has cleared and cultivated himself He was united in marriage, in 1855. 
to Miss Mary A. Wade, daughter of Robert Wade, who was an early settler of 
La Grange County. Mr. and Mrs. Ackerman have one child — Mary J. Trin- 
dle, living in Wayne Township. Mr. Ackerman is a progressive and practical 
farmer and a citizen with enterprising ideas. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. 
F. of Kendallville. 

ANDREW ALLSHOUSE, son of Henry and Catharine Allshouse, was 
born in 1828. His parents were natives of JPennsylvania, where they were 
married in 1818. In 1825, they went Westward, locating in Stark County, 
Ohio, where they lived until 1840, when they moved to Crawford County, 
Ohio, remaining there the remainder of their life. Andrew Allshouse, who 
w^as one of eleven children, lived with his parents until twenty -five years of 
age. January 12, 1853, in Crawford County, Ohio, he married Rosanna Eley, 
who was born in 1832. After three years, they came to Indiana, this county, 
and settled near Albion. In 1861, removed to Wayne Township, their present 
home. Mrs. Allshouse has had six children — two, Henry and Dora, now 
living. Mr. Allshouse owns 160 acres of farming land and is prospering. 
Himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 

C. F. BRUNDIGE is a native of Noble County, Ind., where he was 
born March 1, 1857. His parents, John and Mary Brundige, were native? of 
New York, and had four children — Charles F., Iluthann (deceased), Albert 
and Lydia. Charles Brundige has always made this county his home. July 
2, 1879, he was married to Estella L. Milks, a native of Indiana, born Sep- 
tember 20, 1861. Their only child, Getta F., was born April 5, 1881. Mr. 
Brundige owns ninety acres of land and is identified with the growth and prog- 
ress of the county. 

DANIEL DECKER is one of the old residents of Wayne Township. 
He is a native of Orange County, N. Y., where he remained until 
eighteen years of age, upon a farm ; he then went to Onondaga County, where 
for twenty years he was engaged in farming. He then became a pioneer set- 
tler of Richland County, Ohio, farming for si.K years near Plymouth. In 
1852, he became identified with the farming interests of Wayne Townsiiip, set- 
tling upon the farm where he now lives. Mr. Decker has followed farming all 
of his life, and has helped develop his share of Noble County. He owns 
eighty-three acres of land which he has cleared and improved himself, and is 
a citizen of worth and enterprise. He married Miss Cornelia Bevier, a native 
of Broome County, N. Y., December 12, 1835. They have si.x children — 
Phedora (wife of James A. Brace, of Kendallville), Gem, Adeline Isbell (of 
Kendallville), Mate, Justus and Agusta. 

HARMON A. DIGGINS, whose parents were natives of Vermont, was 
born in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., in 1827, from which locality the family 
emigrated in 1832, and settled in La Grange County, Ind., near Lima. The 
father and mother were Luke and Silence (Wheeler) Diggins. and hud eight 
children, only three of whom are now living — Lucia A., Artemas and the subject 
of this sketch. Those deceased were Fidelia, who died at Wolcottville in 1881 ; 
William, at the age of forty-five years, in Allen County; George, aged forty- 
six, at Kendallville; Harriet, when nineteen ; and Mary, at the age of thirty-one. 
The father moved to Wayne Township with his fiimily in about 1835. He 
kept the first hotel in Kendallville about five years and was Postmaister on the 




^/^^^ 



WAYNE TP. 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 321 

old Fort Wayne road. He died in 186-t, and his wife, who was a member of 
the Methodist Church, in 1872. Harmon A. Diggins has been a resident 
of this township since his parents moved here in 1835. He was married, in 
1859, to Miss Eliza Deuell, daughter of John Deuell, an early resident of the 
township. Their children are Ada (now Mrs. Berhalter), Flora, Hattie and 
Jimmie. Mr. Diggins is the owner of a farm of ninety acres of land in the 
township, which is productive and valuable property. 

S. T. EMRICK is one of the leading farmers of Noble County. His 
father, John Emrick, was a native of Pennsylvania. His mother, whose 
maiden name was Diane Green, was a native of Virginia. They both went 
to Ashland County with their parents, who were among the pioneers of that 
locality and there were married, residing there until 1861, when they came to 
Wayne Township, where our subject had settled in 1854. Here the mother 
still remains, now at the home of her son, our subject. The father died in the 
township in 1879. Seven children of a family of eight are now living — Rachel 
Eberhart, in Missouri ; S. T. ; John, also a resident of this township ; Diane 
Tryon, Kendallville; Sarah Bucher, Wayne Township; Eliza Chesroun, in 
Ohio ; and Martha Roush. a resident of Wayne Township. The subject of 
this sketch was born in Ashland County, Ohio, where, in 1849, he married 
Miss Catherine Eberhard, of that county. He remained there, engaged at 
farming, until 1854, when he came to Noble County, settling in Wayne Town- 
ship. He has cleared up and improved a large tract of land and is now the 
owner of 230 acres of as fine land as there is in the county. Mr. Emrick has 
given his entire attention to farming, and the splendid condition which his 
property presents attests the value of a practical and industrious manager. 
He has served the township as Justice of the Peace for two years and is a lead- 
ing member in all public matters of merit. Mr. and Mrs. Emrick have seven 
children — Sylvester, Rachel Randall (in Michigan), Noah, Ella, Jane Hantee 
(a resident of this township), Joshua and John F. Tiiey are members of the 
M. E. Church. Mr. Emrick is a member of the F. & A. M. of Kendallville. 

WILLIAM J. HALL, of this township, stands prominent throughout Noble 
and La Grange Counties as an extensive and successful farmer and stock dealer. 
He was born in Clark County, Ohio, in 1809, in the midst of pioneer surround- 
ings. His father and mother, John and Margaret (Williams) Hall, were natives 
of Kentucky, in which State they were joined in wedlock. In 1807, they 
moved to Ohio, settling in Clark County. That country was then new, and the 
settlements sparse, necessitating the trying experiences of frontier life. After 
a number of years, the family moved to Logan County, but returned to Clark 
County at the expiration of about four years, where the mother died in 1824. 
Seven children had been born to her, three of whom are now living, viz.: John, 
in California; Emily, now Mrs. Collins in Lima, La Grange County; and the 
representative of this sketch. Subsequently the father married Widow Judy, 
anil in 1835 came to La Grange County, where he entered upon his second ex- 
perience as a pioneer settler, making his location in Springfield Township of 
that county, where he resided up to his death in 1843. His wife survived him 
a number of years. She was the mother by Mr. Hall of seven children, only three 
of whom are living : Charles, Whitley, and Ann, now Mrs. Osborn. William 
J. was married in Ohio in 1830 to Miss Lucinda Hull, also a native of Clark 
County, born in 1811. Her parents came there about 1810 from Pennsylvania, 
their native State, where they remained until their death. Mr. Hall, after his 
marriage, commenced farming, and in 1885 joined his father's family and emi- 



322 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

grated to La Grange County. There, in Springfield Township, he rented a 
farm for a time, subsequently buying land. In IS-IS, he went to Greenfield 
Township, where he had acquired land by trading his Springfield property. In 
that township he labored early and late in clearing up his new possessions, to 
which he gradually added other acres by purchase, until his landed estate 
numbered 675 acres, all accumulated by unceasing toil and judicious manage- 
ment. In 1865, he sold out, and, purchasing 228 acres where he now resides, he 
moved his family to the new location. Here in 1869 his wife died ; she was the 
mother of eight children, five of whom are now living — Griffith F. and George 
W., in Springfield Township, La Grange County ; Ezra D., in Kansas ; William 
H., in Michigan, and Benjamin F., in this township. William H. and a son 
Rollo were soldiers in the war of the rebellion. The former entered the 
Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry as a private, and served through the 
entire war, being mustered out at its close as Captain. Rollo became a member 
of the Seventh Indiana Cavalry, and at the end of fifteen months, while yet in 
the service, was stricken with disease and died. Mr. Hall, out of the abundance 
of his heart and with a paternal regard for his children, divided a portion of his 
land among them. Wherever he has lived, he has been true to honorable citizen- 
ship, thrifty and successful in most of his undertakings; eschewing political 
honor.s, he has devoted his best energies to his own business affairs. Since 
coming to Wayne Township, he has given his attention largely to fine stock of 
the Durham blood, first purchasing this class of cattle in Ohio ; in this branch 
he is achieving merited honors. 

NICHOLAS HILL is the eldest son of Simeon and Catharine Hill, who 
emigrated from Germany to America in 1840. They located in Ohio, Licking 
County, where they remained about six years; then came to Noble County, set- 
tling in the woods, upon what is now the splendid farm of our subject. The 
father, soon after their arrival, was run over by a heavy wagon while clearing 
up the land, and died from the injuries received. The mother lived until 1878. 
attaining the age of past ninety-four years. Three children were descendants, 
Nicholas, Lawrence and Mrs. Catharine Ringle, the latter now deceased. Nich- 
olas is a native of Germany. Since 1846, his home has been upon the land 
upon which they first settled, which consists of one hundred acres, with superi- 
or improvements. He has been connected with the Methodist Protestant 
Church since its organization, being one of the six members to create the soci- 
ety, and aiding materially in its progress. He built the present church build- 
ing in 1869. He was united in marriage in 1845 to Miss Mary Kinney, a na- 
tive of Licking County, Ohio. She died in 1870. Their children now living 
are Mary Lawrence, in Michigan ; Arvilla Wright, Wayne Township ; Orange, 
now operating the homestead farm : Wilbur and Charles, in Michigan, and Al- 
bert and Rilla at home. Mr. Hill was united to a second wife in 1871, Mrs. 
Frances Warner, whose maiden name was Zimmerman. She is a native of 
Ohio. 

LAWRENCE HILL is the second son of Simeon and Catharine Hill, early 
settlers of the township, locating there in 1846. Lawrence was born in Germany 
in 1830. With the exception of six years' residence in Michigan, in his early 
life, he has been a resident of Wayne Township since his parents settled there. 
Dividing up the land entered by his father with his brother Nicholas, he chose 
the eastern portion, upon which he settled and has cleared it up and improved 
it until it ranks with the best in Wayne Township. He now owns 120 acres, 
upon a portion of which an Indian village was located in early days, the chief's / 




s. / 



%'' 



LuciNDA Hall 

WAYNE TP. 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 323 

house, Schock-o-pee. stan'ling where the residence of W. C. Jackson is now 
located ; an Indian mound was also upon this farm, and many curious articles 
and implements of the Indians have been found from time to time. Mr. 
Hill is one of the valued residents of the township, and always iden- 
tifies himself with progress and improvements. He was united in marriage in 
1855 to Miss Elinor Creigh. a daughter of Samuel and Ly<lia Crei^rh who 
came to Wayne Township in 1844. They have four children— CathiTrine A. 
Johnson, Alice E. Johnson. Elinor I.. Emrick and Alfred L. 

JACKSON IDDINGS is a native of Portage County, Ohio, and son of 
Henry and Sarah (Mettlen) Iddings, who were pioneers of Portage County, 
now Summit County, Ohio, where they settled prior to 1812, and remained un- 
til August, 1836, when they started for Indiana, landing in Allen Township 
September 10, 1836. They settled in Wayne Township, and after some years 
removed to Allen Township, where the remainder of their lives was passed 
Five children now survive them— Hiram, Eliza Keed, Lewis, Warren and 
Jackson. The last-named was born in 1816, and was twenty years of age 
when his parents removed to this county. In August, 1837, he married Bar- 
bara Dingman, a daughter of Mrs. Frances Dingman, subsequently Mrs. Tru- 
man 13earss, early settlers of Allen Township. He immediately settled upon 
eighty acres of land in Allen Township, where he resided for one and one-half 
years. His land, however, proved to be a "second entry," and he was forced 
to have it exchanged. After living in Wayne Township one year, he secured 
another tract in Allen Township, upon which he remained five years. He then 
removed to Green Township, where he resided eight years, then to Jefferson 
iownship for eight years, and in 1863 made a home on the farm where he now 
resides This consists of 154 acres conveniently located and well cultivated. 
Mr. Iddings has devoted his time exclusively to farming, and has been amply 
rewarded. In Green Township, he held the office of Justice of the Peace for 
one year. Mr. and Mrs. Iddings have seven children— Hiram B., Owen, Asa 
J., i^ ranees Bloomfield, Sarah .Jordan, Ida Strayter and Ruth Bailey. 

E. 'L ISBELL, a son of Charles and Adah (Tryon) Isbell, born in Wayne 
County Ohio, in 1817. m the midst of pioneer life. He married there, in 1835, 
Miss Elizabeth Cosper, daughter of John Cosper, who became an early settler 
ot Allen Iownship, Noble County. Our subject learned the shoemaker's trade 
ot his father, which occupied his attention until about 1837, when,- with his 
?«Qlf'''- u r™°^®'^ to Michigan, where he farmed for eighteen months. In 
1838, with his parents, he came to Noble County, settling in Allen Township 
Here he followed his trade, also farming and carpentering ; he built the first 
frame liouse in Lisbon, and subsequently removing to Kendallville, built the 
hrst trame house there. In a short time he removed to La Grange, where he 
erected and used the first shoe shop. He next removed to La Porte, Ind to 
secure medical advice. Then, on account of ill health, he went to Texas, travel- 
ing the entire distance with a wagon. He worked at his trade there four years; 
then returned to Kendallville, subsequently removing to Valparaiso, Ind.. where 
he conducted a large boot and shoe business for twelve years. He subsequently 
returned to Kendallville, and in 1877, purchased his present property, where 
he IS following gardening. Mr. Isbell has been a member of the Methodist 
Church for over forty years, of which he is an exhorter, and has also done good 
service as an advocate of Temperance.- His first wifo died in 1860, having ten 
children, five of whom are now living— William H. is a farmer, now living in 
the West ; he was a volunteer in the late war, and in service over three years ; 

QQ 



324 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Nathaniel H., now in Me^co, was also in the service about one year ; Adelina 
Moore, of Chicago ; Alice Goodwin, of Valparaiso, Ind.; and Harriet Nellis, a 
resident of Chicago. Mr. Isbell was united with a second wife in 1862, Mrs. 
Mary G. Lash, widow of William Lash, one of the early residents of Noble 

P.C. ISBELL, son of Charles and Adah (Tryon) Isbell, born in Wayne 
County, Ohio, in 1819. His parents were natives of New York, and pioneers 
in Ohio, Michigan and Indiana, settling in Allen Township, Noble County, 
about 1838, where they died. Charles served as Justice of the Peace, and was an 
exhorter of the Methodist Church, of which denomination he and wife were 
members for many years. His family were participants in the Revolution, and 
himself a volunteer in the war of 1812. He died in November, 1865, aged 
sixty-nine years, his wife November, 1857, aged fifty-seven years. Their chil- 
dren are as follows: Ezra T., P. C, Rosanna Weston, of Iowa; Miranda 
South north, of Plymouth, Ind.; Fanny Salisbury, of Kendallville : Hannah 
Dodge, Nebraska ; Neomi Rickey, Kendallville ; Martha Lehr, Kendallville ; 
Emify Bidwell, of Fort Wayne, and Louisa Bidvvell, of Albion. P. C. Isbell 
was reared in Ohio ; when 'eighteen years of age, he went to Michigan, and 
encaged in farming, near Kalamazoo. In 1838, he came to Noble County, and 
settle'd in Allen Township, where he cleared up a farm. In 1852, he removed 
to his present farm, where he owns eighty acres of land ; but for the past twenty 
years he has been manufacturing trusses and abdominal supporters, elastic 
trusses for males and females, and braces and supporters of all descriptions, and 
has an extended trade. His office, in Kendallville, is at the drug store of 
Lehman Brothers. Mr. Isbell has the first ballot box of Wayne Town- 
ship, in which five votes were cast. He has, for many years, been Superintend- 
ent of the Cemetery, and is a member of the Masonic Order. He was married, 
in 1838, to Miss Maria Cosper, daughter of John Cosper, a pioneer settler of 
Noble County. They have seven children— Elias, Elizabeth, Gretzinger, of 
Jefferson Township ; Marion, who was a member of Company E, Thirtieth In- 
diana Volunteer Infantry, serving about two years, now a resident of Goshen ; 
Alonzo ; William, Manager of the Commercial College of Terre Haute, Ind. ; 
Leander and Anna Winans, of Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Isbell are membei;s of 
the Methodist Church. Mr. Isbell, for many years, was identified with Sun- 
day school work, and traveled extensively, organizing and aiding schools. 

G. L. KIMMELL is one of the earliest settlers of Wayne Township. 
His parents, Henry and Susanna (Rust) Kimmell. were natives of Pennsyl- 
vania, and in 1817 emigrated to Illinois, settling near Kaskaskia, where they 
remained for eight years. The country then was inhabited by only a few white 
settlers and the Indians. His father erected a grist-mill, and did an extensive 
business trading with the Indians. He was engaged in stock raising and deal- 
ing. He emigrated to Michigan with his family and 100 head of cattle, taking 
a " bee line " through the forest, cutting their road as they went. After a 
journey of thirty-nine days, during which they saw no white person, they arrived 
at thei'r destination near Ypsilanti. This country was also a wilderness, and in 
clearing, improving and cultivating it his parents passed the remainder of their 
lives. His father was a large land owner and speculator, an extensive dealer 
and raiser of stock ; erected large manufactories of potash and pearlash, and was 
a respected and beloved citizen. Our subject is the third child of a family ot 
eleven. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and was a small child when they emi- 
grated to Illinois, where he had for his associates and playmates Indian children. 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 325 

He has been associated with pioneer life in three States— Illinois, Michigan, 
where he remained with his father, assisting him until twenty-four years of age' 
and in Indiana, where he came in 1838 to Wayne Township, upon a venture 
for himself He located upon Section 13, having to cut a road for three miles, 
to get to his land, and had no neighbors within three miles. Here he betran to 
clear up his lanti, keeping " bachelor's hall." In 1«40, he married Miss Phoebe 
Ann Gail, a native of New York, and upon this farm the worthy couple still 
live, enjoying a well-earned prosperity. Mr. Kimmell owns 245 acres of valuable 
land, which is operated by his sons. Mr. and Mrs. Kimmell have been mem- 
bers of the Baptist Church over twenty-five years. They had five children- 
Henry S., George Edgar, Albert J., Charles Grant, and Mary Ann (deceased) 
HENRY S. KIMMELL is a son of George L. and Phoebe A. (Gail) 
Kimmell, early settlers of Wayne Township. Henry is a native of Wayne 
Township, and has passed his life, from its earliest associations up to the pres'ent 
time, in farming. He now owns 135 acres of fine land, which he has in a good 
state ot cultivation. He is a young man with good practical ideas, and is pro- 
gressive in all matters of public interest. He was united in marriage in Feb- 
ruary, 1877, to Miss Lucinda Rendel, of Michigan. They have four children 
—George C, Camillus H., Linus E. and William W. 

■^■J^' ^^^^NED is a native of New Hampshire, and son to Samuel and 
Polly (Fowler) Learned. His father was a wealthy former of New Hampshire, 
and was thrice married, his last wife being a widow ; her maiden name was 
Susanna Hills, and she was the mother of the subject's wife. The parents were 
unfortunate in losing their entire property, and their last davs were passed in 
this county, where they were cared for by their children. Their deaths occurred 
in August, 1855, only fifteen days intervening. J. W. Learned, when nearly 
twenty-one years of age, paid his father $20 for the few remaining months of 
his time, and went to Boston, where he was employed about two years ; then 
returned to New Hampshire, and in 1831 was married to Miss Abigail m' Dar- 
ling, also a native of New Hampshire. He then bought a piece of timbered 
land upon which he lived two years ; next emigrated to Cayuga County N 
Y., then to Seneca County, Ohio. In 1836, he came to this county and entered 
180 acres of land, and in 1837 moved upon it with his family. ' In 1861, he 
purchased the land where he now resides, locating upon it in 1869 This' he 
has well improved. Mr. Learned now has 220 acres, and is a successful farmer 
He has served the township as Trustee several terms; has been County Com- 
missioner ; is public-spirited and alive to the best interests of the people Mr 
and Mrs. Learned have two children living— Olivia Call and Almira Milk. 

B. T. LYMAN is a native of Massachusetts. His business ex- 
periences have been varied and extended. He engaged at lumberinc^ in 
Vermont for his first venture, remaining there ten years. He then won't to 
VVashington County, N. Y., where he was engaged at farming five years. He 
then returned to Vermont and conducted a hotel for three years, at the expira- 
tion of which he engaged at farming there for two years. His next departure 
was in Ohio, where he remained until 1868, embarking in the eg<r and butter 
trade in various portions of the State. In 1868, he came to Kendall viUe 
soon after forming a partnership with H. McCray, in the egg and butter trade' 
remaining in association with him until 1875 ; when he again turned his atten- 
tion to farming, at which he is still engaged. He is now the owner of the old 
Green farm, located in the central portion of the township. It is finely 
cultivated and well improved. Mr. Lyman is a member of the Masonic Order 



326 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

and an enterprising citizen. He was married in 1850 to Miss Angelina Moore, 
of Washington County, N. Y. Tiiey have three children— Milton, Elmer and 
Annie. 

HEISTRY POPPY is a son of Frederick and Dorothy (Roaric) Poppy, 
natives of Germany, who emigrated to America about 1830, settling in Mary- 
land, where they resided for several years, subsequently emigrating to Rich- 
land County. Ohio. In 1848, they" removed from Ohio to Noble County ; 
becoming residents of Orange Township, where they settled upon a piece of 
timbered laud. Here they resided for the remainder of their lives, clearing 
up and improving their property, becoming valued and respected citizens, and 
esteemed members of the Albright Church. Five children came with them to 
Indiana — Wilhemina ; Thomas, living in Iowa ; Agustus, a resident of Orange 
Township ; Henrv ; Charles, deceased ; and Sarah A. Walker, a resident of 
Kansas. The father died in 1872, the mother in 18.50. Henry Poppy, our 
subject, is a native of Germany. Since the removal of his parents to Noble 
County in 1848. he has been identified with the agricultural interests here. 
He married, in 1856, Miss Susanna Rendel, of Wayne Township, daughter of 
William Rendel, and the same year he became a resident of Wayne Township, 
where he has improved a farm of 114 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Poppy have five 
children — Emma, Rettie. Dora, Marshall and Charles. They are members of 
the Disciples' Church. 

JOS RENDEL is one of the young and successful farmers of Wayne 
Township. He represents also one of the early families of the township. 
His parents. William and Susanna (Likes) Rendel, were natives of Pennsyl- 
vania; thev came from Wayne County, Ohio, to Wayne Township, about 1858, 
settling in the southern portion of the township, where the mother died in 
1875. His father still claims it as his residence. They were parents of eight 
children — Mary J. Poppy, Susanna Poppy, Job, George, a leading farmer of 
Wayne Township ; John^ of Springfield Township, La Grange County ; Mag- 
gie Kimmel, residing in Michigan ; Arminda Mawhorter, of La Grange 
County, and Sarah Muter, of Orange Township. Job was born in Wayne 
County, Ohio, but since the removal of his parents to Noble County, has been 
associated in agricultural pursuits here. He now owns 160 acres of superior 
land with splendid improvements, and is one of the leading practical formers 
of the township. He was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Drowley, of 
De Kalb County,. in 1863. They are members of the Disciples' Church, and 
have three children — Hattie B., George 0. and Herbert. 

HIRAM ROBERTS is a son of Nehemiah and Charlotte (Tanner) 
Roberts, natives, respectively, of Vermont and Massachusetts. They were 
married in the State of New York, subsequently moving to Pennsylvania, then 
to Wayne County. Ohio. In 1841, they came to this county and settled in 
Allen Township. The father died in 1850, while on a visit to Ohio, and the 
mother in Allen Township in 1853. They were parents of thirteen children, 
only three of whom are now living, viz. : Hiram, who is the eldest ; Amy, the 
wife of Wm. Whitford, of Allen Township ; and Nathan, of Allen Township. Hi- 
ram Roberts was born in Jamestown, New York, in 1820. He came to Allen 
Township, from Wayne County, Ohio, in 1840, and purchased eighty acres of 
land, after which he returned to Ohio, and in 1841 brought his parents to 
Indiana. While a resident of Allen Township, he cleared and improved his 
land. In 1865, Mr. Roberts removed to his present home. His landed pos- 
sessions are very valuable, and comprise over 400 acres, well improved and 




// WAYNE TP. 




WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 327 

cultivated, making a farm difficult to excel. He was first married in 1847 to Miss 
Betsey Hunger, of Orange Township. She died in 1852, leaving two chil- 
dren—Mary M.. now Mrs. Smith, of Kendallville, and William Henry. Mr. 
Roberts married for his second wife, in 1856, Catherine Lash, a native of 
Pennsylvania, daughter of Phillip Lash, who came to Wayne Township about 
1852. . By this union three children have been born — Charles, on the old farm 
in Allen Township ; Rose Long, of Ligonier, and John E. Mr. Roberts is a 
member of the Chosen Friends, and a practical, substantial farmer. 

ANDREW ROSENBURY is a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, 
born in 1.811. His parents, Oliver and Ann (Jack) Rosenbury, were natives of 
Pennsylvania, and early settlers of Columbiana County, Ohio, subsequently 
removing to Summit County, and thence to Tuscarawas County, where they 
died. Our subject passed his early days in pioneer life in Ohio, subsequently 
engaging in farming in Summit County, where he remained for twelve years. 
In 1848, he became a resident of Wayne Township, locating in the extreme 
northeast corner, where he entered 80 acres, clearing and improving part of it, 
and then selling it, after seven years' residence. With the proceeds, he pur- 
chased 280 acres where he now resides. Here he has lived up to the present 
time, improving and clearing his land himself. He now owns 260 acres, 
160 of which are in a splendid state of cultivation. Mr. Rosenbury is one of 
the many pioneers who have added much to the wealth and prosperity of Noble 
County, whom posterity should justly hold ever in grateful remembrance. He 
was married, in 1833, to Miss Justa Metland, a* native of Summit County, 
Ohio. They have seven children living— Ann E. Shultz, of Kendallville; 
Louisa, deceased ; Oliver, in Missouri ; Jane Devoe, in Kansas ; Joseph, a 
farmer of Wayne Township; Harriet Chaffee, of Missouri ; Warren, a resi- 
dent of Allen Township, and Norman. 

JOHN SHIFALY is a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, born July 
17, 1838, and attended school until fourteen years old, when, November 23, 
1852, unaccompanied by friends, he left home and made the trip to the United 
States, landing in New York City January 9, 1853. After one year on a 
farm in Mahoning County, Oliio, he landed in Kendallville, Ind., March 27, 
1854. Here young Shitaly, though not able to speak English, entered as 
clerk in the grocery store of J. Kime, where he worked one season for three 
dollars per month. On the 24th of December, 1854, he commenced to make 
Thomas B. Weston's his home. During that winter, he attended school two 
weeks, and, though commencing with his A B G, by his characteristic perse- 
verance, in studying at home nights by the flickering light from the fire-place, 
in the spring he was able to read quite well. Home studying has been the 
source of his English education. As evidence of his attainments, he has been 
identified with school interests, as Director, for years, and there is to be found 
in his house one of the best libraries of any farmer in Indiana, comprising 
such works as Encyclopedia Brittanica, Appleton's Encyclopedia, Bancroft's 
History, Edward Everett's, David Hume's, and most of the standard works of 
other noted authors. Mr. Sliifaly continued to work for Mr. Weston until 
January 2, 1859, when he was united in marriage with Emily Pauline Weston, 
only daughter of his employer. He then took entire charge of the farm, 
making improvements, building, clearing, etc., continuing in full control until 
Mr. Weston's death. To the original tract— which was inherited through his 
wife— he has added by purchase 240 acres, the whole now comprising 510 
acres, and constituting one of the best stock and grain farms in Northern In- 



328 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

diana. Mrs. Shifaly was burn in Plymouth, Wayne Co., Mich., August 30, 
1838, and has lived on their present farm nearly 38 years. Their children 
are as follows : Mary Pauline, born May 5, 1860, and married to Albert 
Chaffee September 16, 1877 ; they have one child, born September 28, 18&1; 
Charlotte Josephine, born August IS, 1862 ; Grant George Thomas, born 
May 7, 1864, died, July 21, 1872. Mr. Shifaly has the greatest reverence 
for the memory of Mr. and Mrs. Weston, and entertains for them both the 
highest appreciation for their kindnesses to him during his stay under their roof, 
which will always be remembered as equaling parental affection. Mr. bhitaly 
is a true representative of perseverance, energy, thrift and strict integrity. In 
physical endurance he is a prodigy, having performed an amount of labor that 
would have broken down a man of ordinary constitution, but no doubt much 
of this ability to endure is attributable to correct habits and his temperate 
mode of life For twenty years past he has neither used tea nor coffee, neither 
has he used tobacco in any shape or manner. Never did drink spirituous liquors, 
nor does he drink beer, or even hard cider. This is the more remarkable 
when his nationality is taken into consideration. The good judgment and 
labor bestowed in the management of his farm has been almost marvel- 
ous in results. Two thousand bushels of shelled corn were marketed in one 
season, besides retaining sufficient for stock feeding ; another year he raised 
188 bushels of clover seed, and nnotl.er season 2,000 bushels of wheat. J<rom 
this same farm he has sold wood for twenty-two winters, often three and tour 
loads per day, hauling a distance of six miles, and not an uncommon thing to 
unload on his first trip at 4 o'clock in the morning. He has now 400 head ot 
sheep thirty-five head of cattle and several head of horses. Mr. bhitaly is ot 
a social disposition, a stanch Republican, and, in public matters, keeps apace 
with the progress of the age. He is a fitting representative of the progressive 
and practical farmers of Noble County. ^,, „ , ^, , ,n u lu 

ADDISON B. STANTON is a son of Caleb S. and Chloe (Caldwell) 
Stanton. Caleb was a native of New York ; his wife of Canada. They were 
married in Wayne County, N. Y., and in 1834 emigrated to Michigan, where 
they remained until 1836, when they removed to Noble County, Ind. settling 
on Section 10, Wayne Township. There the worthy couple passed the re- 
mainder of their days, assisting in the development of the community and 
aiding as best they could in the progress and advancement of the township. 
He served in various offices of trust, for three years as Township i™stee. 
He died in 1872; his wife in 1873. She was a consistent member ot the M. 
P Church. They were parents of four children— Dorliska Andrews, now a 
resident of La Grange County; Addison B. ; Alphonzo, a resident of Mich- 
igan ; and Luftus, also of Michigan. Our subject is a native of the "ll-mpire 
State. He has been identified with Wayne Township from the " pioneer days 
of their early settlement up to the present time. Mr. Stanton has always tol- 
lowed the vocation of farming, and is now the owner of 160 acres ot valuable 
land He has always taken an interest in public measures for the improve- 
ment of Noble County and is one of the representative and practical farmers. 
He was united in marriage, in 18.50, with Miss Lucinda Potter daughter of 
Henry Potter, an old resident of the county. They have two children— Ade- 
laide Devoe. living in Wayne Township, and Seymour, who is a divine in the 
M P. Church and (in 1881) located in Grant County, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. 
Stanton have been identified with the M. P. Church for many years and are 
esteemed and valued citizens. 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 329 

CHAUNCEY G. R. WATERIIOUSE represents one of the leading 
farmers and large land owners of Northern Indiana and also a pioneer family 
of La Grange County. His parents — Benjamin B. and Harriet Waterhouse — 
were natives of Vermont, and in 1837 emigrated from New York State to 
Milford Township, La Grange County, Ind. His father became a prominent 
citizen and successful farmer, and remained there until his death. His mother 
still survives. They were parents to five children, four of wiiom are now liv- 
ing — -Sarah Wilson, of Sturgis, Mich.; Emma Cosper, of Milford Township; 
Artemissa Spellman, residing in La Grange ; and the subject of this sketch, 
who is a native of New York, and who, since the removal of his parents to 
this county, has been prominently identified with its progress, especially with 
the agricultural interests. He remained in La Grange County until 1869, 
when he removed to Wayne Township, where he has resided since and has 
permanently located. He erected, in 1881, an elegant residence, one half a 
mile north of KendallviUe, where we now find him, superintending personally 
his large farming interest. He owns about eleven hundred acres of land, divided 
into six farms and located in La Grange and Noble Counties. Mr. Waterhouse, 
while giving his entire attention to farming interests, is a public-spirited and 
valued citizen, and favors all measures of progress and advancement. He was 
united in marriage with Miss Harriet Vine in 1860.» Her parents were early 
settlers of Milford Township, coming there from Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. 
Waterhouse have four children — Albert, Frank, John and Homer. 

CHARLES WEINGART, a native of Germany, was born September 12, 
1844. His father, Joseph Weingart, came to America in 1852, locating in 
this county, and in 1860 was followed by his wife (Elizabeth Weingart) and 
family. They have had three children — Louis, Rosa (now dead) and Charles. 
The latter was married, in 1869, to Salome Kundert, who afterward died, 
leaving one child, William, born August 18, 1870. Mr. Weingart subse- 
quently married Margaret Zonker, a native of Indiana. Their children were 
Joseph A., Mary E. and Waldo C. They own a well improved farm of 140 
acres and are industrious and intelligent people. 

THOMAS B. WESTON (deceased) came from a pioneer family whose 
ancestry can be traced back in the seventh degree to his namesake, Thomas 
Weston, who landed from the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and another 
named John Weston who came to Salem, Mass., in 1644, from Buckingham- 
shire in the North of England, just 200 years before Thomas B. moved into his 
log cabin in Indiana. The Westons are a numerous family ; those bearing the 
name and springing from one common source are distributed over the whole of 
the Eastern, Western and Northwestern States. A significant remark was often 
made by the representative of this sketch, that he could travel on foot to his 
birthplace in York State and stop every night but one with those belonging to 
the Weston family. As a whole, those of the name are found to be equal to any 
family in the land in the possession of those sterling qualities — morality and in- 
tegrity. Thomas B. Weston was a native of Pompey, Onondaga Co., N. Y., 
where he was born October 13, 1799, and was amongst the earliest pioneers of 
this township. When a boy he moved with his father, Nathan Weston, to Mon- 
roe County, N. Y., where he worked on the home farm until the death of his 
father, August 26, 1823. The care of the family, consisting of two brothers and 
two sisters, then devolved on him. The succeeding thirteen years he tilled the 
soil and, in the meantime, taught writing-school and studied surveying. In the 
spring of 1836, he came to Indiana, and in later years took delight in recount- 



830 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

ing his experiences while hunting hind ; how he with others were seven nights 
in the woods of what is now De Kalb County with the wolves howling around 
them, and other hair-raising events. On making his selection of land, he went 
on foot to the land office at Fort Wayne and made the entry of a rich tract, a 
part of which being in what is now Wayne Township, the balance being located 
in Wells County, this State. Returning to the Empire State, he married, on 
September 7, 1837, Miss Paulina Maxfield, of Copake, Columbia Co., N. Y., 
moving the next spring to Plymouth, Wayne Co., Mich., where their only 
daughter, Emily Paulina, was born August 30, 1838. On June 20, 1841, he 
was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife. Thus left with the care of his 
child, with home broken up, he came, in 1842, to make a permanent settlement 
in this county, and was married a second time to Catherine Anderson, who was 
born in Huntingdon County, Penn., January 6, 1802, emigrating to Licking 
County, Ohio, with her parents, and from there to La Grange County, Ind., in 
the year 1838, her father being one of the first settlers on Pretty Prairie. July 
16, 184-4, Mr. Weston with his wife, and his child by his first wife, moved in- 
to the log cabin which was to be their future home, situated on the northwest 
corner of Section 11. It was in this rude home that the first religious services 
held in the township were conducted by the Rev. John Martin, of La Grange 
County. Through the deprivations and laborious toil of those frontier days, 
Mr. VVeston found in his wife a source of moral and material aid that buoyed 
him up under the most trying circumstances, and it was through her heroic 
efforts in his behalf that many seeming impossibilities were surmounted. While 
he was engaged in clearing, she was to be found at her spinning-wheel or the 
loom, preparing cloth for their clothing or other fabrics for household use. 
Their home farm was heavily timbered, hard maple predominating, and one 
spring there were thirteen sugar camps on his land worked by different parties 
on shares, the fact being admitted that he had the most extensive sugar bush in 
the country. Mr. Weston possessed qualities of a social nature in an eminent 
degree; this with his strict ideas of honor and justice made him deservedly pop- 
ular. Politically, he was conservative, voting with the Whigs until the birth of 
the Republican party, whose standard he followed on all national issues, but at 
local elections he cast his voce for the best man. In 1855, he, having served the 
public as Town Clerk for about six years, was elected Justice of the Peace, 
which office he filled for twenty-four years. In 1863, he had declined to be 
again a candidate, but being pressed finally consented to his name being pre- 
sented in the caucus by certain parties, who turned against him and nominated 
a teetotaler in his stead. This aroused the old pioneer, and at the earnest re- 
quest of the leading men in the township, he came out as an independent can- 
didate and was triumphantly elected, only lacking six votes of beating both the 
Republican and Democratic candidates combined. A few years after he settled 
on his land, he donated to the public a piece of ground for a cemetery — an ex- 
ceedingly pleasant location on what is known as the " Big Hill," that part of 
the farm passing a few years later into the hands of his son-in-law, John Shifaly, 
who donated ground for a church, which was named Weston Chapel in honor of 
the memory of the old pioneer.' Just thirty-four years to a day from the time 
they moved into their log cabin, Mrs. Weston died July 16, 1878. Mr. Weston ■ 
retained his mental faculties in his old age to a remarkable degree ; he excelled 
in penmanship, and a letter written just before his death was a piece of art wor- 
thy of a writing master. After an illness of only thirty-six hours he died July 
26, 1881, at the advanced age of eighty-one years, nine months and thirteen 



WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 331 

days. His funeral was attended by the largest concour.se of people of any that 
ever occurred in this part of the country. The last twenty years of his life he 
made almost daily rounds among his neighbors for a social chat, and " Uncle 
iommy as he was familiarly called, was ever welcome. With the closing of 
this noble life we can appropriately say with the poet : 



' Life's race well run ; 
Life's work well done ; 
Life's crown well won ; 
Now comes rest." 



L. p. V, HITFORD is a son of Stutlev and Elizabeth Whitford, who are 
old residents of Wayne Township. He is a native of Wayne County Ohio 
bince the removal of his parents to Noble County, he has resided here ami given 
his attention to agricultural pursuits. He became the owner of the old " Childs " 
tarm in 1880 which he is now operating. His farm consists of eighty-five acres 
of improved land, conveniently located. In 1866, he formed a matrimonial 
alliance with Miss Louisa Wright, daughter of James Wright, one of the early 
residents of Wayne Township. Mr. and Mrs. Whitford are members of the 
M. E. Church. They have one child, Charles F. Mr. Whitford is one of the 
enterprising young men of Wayne Township, who are soon to fill the places of 
the old pioneers who are passing away. 

JAMES W. WRIGHT is the' oldest son of James Wright, a native of 
England, who came to America in 1833, first locating in Ohio, where he resided 
until 1844, when he came to Wayne Township and settled upon the farm now 
owned by the subject of this sketch. Here he remained, clearing and improv- 
ing his land passing his time in the quiet tenor of farming life until his death 
dying as he had lived, a Christian gentleman, July 22, 1881. His wife's maiden 
name was Emily Finch. They were married July 5, 1838. She is a native of 
^ew ^ork and is now living with her son. She is a member of the M P 
Church, which, together with her husband, she has been identified with for over 
torty years. Seven children are descendants. Sarah Shaffer, of Wayne Town- 
?^!P' MiM-y Weaver deceased; Margaret Weaver, in Nebraska ; James W., 
William C, Frances Browand, in Nebraska ; and Louisa L. Whitford, of Wayne 
iownship. James W. is a native of Wayne Township, where he has always 
resided and engaged in farming. He is now the owner of the old homestead 
farm, which consists of 110 acres of well cultivated and improved land 
He IS an industrious and liberal-minded citizen, and one of the reliable farmers 
of the township He was married in 1869 to Miss Mary A. Gallup of Wayne 
Iownship. They have two children, Mattie and Nellie 

WILLIAM C. WRIGHT is a son of James and Emily (Finch) Wright, 
early settlers of Wayne Township. William is a native of Wayne Township 
where he has always been identified. He is now the owner of the "Joseph 
Childs farm consisting of eighty acres of land, which is well improved and 
adjoins his father s old farm. Mr. Wright is a young and promising farmer, of 
industrious habits, and will doubtless become one of the standard famers of the 
tuture. He was married, 1876, to Miss Arvilla Hill, a daughter of Nicholas 
Hill, another pioneer settler of the township. They have two children— John 
and Amelia. 



332 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 



TOWN OF LiCONiER. 

JOHN ABDILL, hardware and tinware, is the third chihl in a family of 
seven children, and was born in Delaware. He came herewith his parents, Jo- 
seph and Jemiraah (Blockson) Abdill, natives of Delaware. His father was a 
farmer, and also a local preacher of the United Brethren denomination, and 
moved to Richland County, Ohio, with his family in 1835 ; thence to Noble 
County, settling, in 1849, in York Township. At the age of seventeen, John 
commenced his apprenticeship at the tinner's trade in Ligonier, serving three 
years; then followed his trade there until 1856, when he went to Michigan and 
remained there working at his trade till the fall of 1858. He returned to 
Ligonier, and in August, 1873, went into the hardware business, on his own 
responsibility. This proved a successful enterprise. Mr. Abdill has served as 
Councilman, and is now a member of the school board, in his second term ; is 
also a member of the Masonic Order. He was married in Michigan in 1856 to 
Miss Mary E. Crane, a native of Indiana and former resident of Ligonier. 
They have four children, Edward E., now reading law in Ligonier ; Zula M., 
Wallace and Merton, and are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 

ALBERT BANTA. Justice of the Peace, is a native of Mont- 
gomery County, Ohio. He was engaged in farming in Preble County, 
Ohio, until 1836, when he came to Elkhart County, Ind., and com- 
menced in the mercantile business. This he followed until 1840, when 
he was elected County Sheriff, and served four years, and then returned 
to farm life in Benton Township. In 1854, he came to Ligonier, where 
he located and remained until 1862, when he went to Bluffton, Ind., 
returning to Ligonier in 1870, where he has since resided. In 1872, he 
was elected Justice of the Peace, and has since held that office. He was a 
member of the City Council one year, and belonged to the Methodist Church in 
1840, but is now a member of the Disciples' Church. In 1824, Mr. Banta mar- 
ried Mary Brower, of Oiiio. She died in 1870, leaving si.x children, five now 
living: Albert J. and John D., both living in Elkhart County ; Peter, now re- 
siding in Kansas ; Mary J. Carmean, of Noble County ; and Elizabeth Sher- 
wood, of Ligonier. He was married again, in 1871, to Mrs. Mary J. Parks, of 
Ligonier. Mr. Banta has been a member of the Masonic Order since 1844, 
and is now a Royal Arch Mason. 

A. C. BEECHER, dentist, son of A. B. and Mary J. (Bailey) Beecher, 
was burn in Hancock County, Ohio, is the eldest of five children, and came 
with his parents in 1859 to La Grange, Ind., where his parents still reside. 
Here, he attended school, and in 1870 commenced the study of his profession 
with F. M. Hamsher, with whom he remained two years. He spent one and 
one-half years in Butler County, Ind., practicing; and then went to the Uni- 
versity at Ann Arbor, Mich., where he took the course of study, and in 1876 
graduated from the Dental Department. He returned to La Grange, and fol- 
lowed the practice of his profession there until 1881, when he came to Ligo- 
nier, where he is building up a good business. He is a proficient workman, 
and a promising young business man. While in La Grange, he served as Dep- 
uty Postmaster. He is a member of the Knights of Honor. He was married 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 833 

in 1874 to Miss Alice Speed, of La Grange ; they have two children — Char- 
lie and Veva. 

J. M. BELTS, manufacturer and dealer in furniture, is one of the success- 
ful business men of Ligonier, in his line of trade, having secured a large and 
successful custom. He was born in Livingston County, N. Y., and in his 
native State learned the trade of cabinet-making. He followed this calling in 
various locations in different States, and came to Ligonier in 1874, where he 
was employed at his trade for two years. In 1876, he started his present busi- 
ness, which has proved most successful. He has extended it, and now carries 
a large and splendid stock of furniture, and his business is steadily increasing. 
Mr. Belts was married, December 27, 1859, to Miss Sarah L. Brooks, a native 
of New York. They have three children — Adelbert M., Claude J. and Maud. 

F. P. BOTH WELL, of Green & Both well, lawyers, is a native of this county, 
and son of T. H. and Zillah A. (Eagles) Bothwell, who were married in Noble 
County, and were residents of Sparta Township until the death of Mr. Both- 
well in 18ti7. He was one of the early settlers, and, besides farming, carried 
on the lumber and saw-millino; business. The mother is still living in Ligonier. 
They had five children — Lucy Galloway, of Ligonier ; Harriet Jones, of Sparta 
Township ; the subject, Melvin and Leslie. Our subject lived in Sparta Town- 
ship, attending district school there until the age of fourteen, when he went to 
Hillsdale, Mich., and attended college for three years, then for one year went 
to school at Valparaiso, Ind. In 1875, he became a student in the law oflBce 
of I. E. Kinsley, at Ligonier, and remained two years, then went to Chicago, 
and after completing the course of study in the Union Law College there, was 
admitted to the bar of Illinois. He returned to Noble County in the fall of 
1878 ; was admitted to practice there, and formed a partnership with J. W. 
Scott ; this existed only a short time, and in December, 1878, he became asso- 
ciated with D. W. Green. Mr. Bothwell is an able and rising young lawyer, 
and has already attained a prominent position among the attorneys of the 
county. He was united in marriage, April 22, 1880, to Miss Lena M. Decker, 
daughter of J. Decker, of Ligonier. 

S. M. BRADEN, of the firm of Braden & Peck, millers, is a native of 
Fostoria, Seneca County, Ohio, and a son of William Braden, who for a num- 
ber of years operated there woolen and grist mills. In Fostoria our subject 
passed his earlier years, where he became familiar with milling. He subse- 
quently went with his father to a farm in Illinois, where he became fiimiliar 
with agricultural life. After his father's death, he engaged in milling in dif- 
ferent States, until 1869, when he located in Ligonier, and assumed the charge 
of Ulmer & Clark's mill, subsequently becoming a partner in the firm of 
Strauss, Henderson & Co. Mr. Braden has continued his connection with this 
mill up to the present time, although the above association lasted only about 
two years. The present firm was organized in July, 1879, by the association 
of Jarvis Peck with Mr. Braden. They have four run of stone, and possess an 
extensive trade. Mr. Braden has, for nearly twenty-five years, been engaged 
in superintending mills. He obtained a patent in 1879, on " Braden's Im- 
proved Wheat Heater," which proved of practical utility, and is meeting 
with good success in the market. Mr. Braden married Miss Rachel Hen- 
derson, of De Kalb County, Ind., in 1865. He is a Mason, and valued 
citizen of Ligonier. 

G. W. CARR, M. D., began life during the pioneer days of Stark County, 
Ohio. His parents, Benjamin and Mary (Jennings), were early settlers of Stark 



334 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

County, and farmed there for many years. The mother died there in 1852, 
and the father subsequently remarried. He came to Ligonier in 1856, where 
he died in 1861. Of their children, twelve attained maturity, and ten are now 
living. Our subject, who is next to the youngest child, assisted on his father's 
farm in Stark County until seventeen years of age. He then went to Navarre, 
and commenced reading medicine with Dr. Leeper, under whose tutelage he 
remained three years. In 1850, he came to Ligonier, and for two years 
studied medicine with Dr. Wellman. He then established an office, and prac- 
ticed his profession for four years, when he went to Cleveland, and in 1856 
graduated from the Cleveland Medical College, returning at the end of that 
time to Ligonier, where he has since been in practice, with the exception of 
three years' service in the late war. He went out in 1862 with the Forty- 
fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and remained with them as Assistant Surgeon 
until March, 1S64, when he was appointed Surgeon of the One Hundred and 
Twenty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served in this capacity until the 
war ended. He has established a large and successful practice. His popularity 
as a physician is well deserved, and he is well-informed on the science of med- 
icine and surgery. Since the year 1880, he has been in partnership with 
William A. Shobe, who, since fourteen years of age, has been with Dr. Carr, 
having made the study of medicine a pursuit. He graduated from the Detroit 
Medical College in 1880 Dr. Carr is a Royal Arch Mason, and was married 
to Miss Dulcina Teal, daughter of Joseph Teal, of Perry Township, in 1852. 
She died in 1862, leaving two children — Wallace W. an<l Denoyer P. In 
1864, he was united in marriage with Sarah McMillan, a native of Rochester, 
N. Y. 

WILLIAM CULVEYHOUSE, gunsmith, is a native of La Porte County, 
Ind., and lived at home on his father's firm until thirteen years of age, when he 
was crippled, and went to Plymouth. Marshall Co., Ind.. where he commenced 
learning the gunsmith's trade, finishing it in Indianapolis. He spent four 
years in the different States ; then, in 1859, he enlisted on an English man-of- 
war at Baltimore, but failed to go with them. For two years, he was connected 
with the hydraulic water-works of Annapolis Naval School. In 1862, he went 
to La Porte, Ind.; remained nine months, and in 1863 came to Ligonier, where 
he conducted a gun and sporting store, and followed his trade until in March, 
1880. He then went to Easton, Md., returning to Ligonier in August, 1881, 
where he is permanently located in his old business calling. He was married 
in 1862 to Miss Eliza A. Stewart, of Annapolis, Md. Their children are 
William H., Maretta V., Elizabeth and Vesta A. 

L. J. DUNNING is the eldest of five children born to Jesse and Lorinda 
(Lawrence) Dunning, natives of New York, and was reared on his father's 
farm in the place of his nativity, Dutcliess tJounty, N. Y. At the age of twen- 
ty-one, he went to Fairfield County, Ohio, where he practiced farming, teaching 
school winters. He came to this county in October, 1859, and entered a farm 
in Perry Township, which he managed one year. He then went into the gro- 
cery business with J. E. Braden, in Ligonier. This partnership lasted until 
1867, when Mr. Braden retired, Mr. Dunning continuing the business alone. 
In 1865, his parents left their farm, and came from New York to Ligonier, 
residing with their son until their deaths ; that of the father occurred in 1866, 
and the mother in 1880. In 1873, Mr. Dunning's son, Jesse L., became a 
partner in his store, and in 1881 they associated with them Frank Jackson, mak- 
ing the firm of Dunning, Son & Co. Their stock consists of general groceries. 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 335 

produce, tobacco, cigars, crockery, lime, salt, cement, etc. Mr. Dunning's wife 
was Anna Huber, a native of Fairfield County, Ohio. They have four children 
living — Jesse L.; Lucinda, wife of W. A. Jackson, of Ligonier ; Emma, wife 
of Frank Jackson, of the firm Dunning, Son & Co.; and Libbie, at home ; and 
two deceased — Mary Miller and Jacob. Mr. Dunning has been Township 
Trustee four years, and the Dunning family are all members of the Disciples' 
Church. 

C. ELDRED, druggist, lived on a farm in New York, his native State, until 
about sixteen years of age, when he went to Akron, Summit Co., Oiiio, where 
he learned the tinner's trade. To Stark County he next went, where he was 
employed at Navarre, in the hardware and tinning business, until 1854. The 
following eleven years, he followed his trade in Huntington County, Ind., and 
in 1865 began his present business in Ligonier. He first formed a partnership 
with P. Serbert, which existed only a few months, Mr. Eldred conducting the 
business alone until in 1872, when his son became a partner, and the firm has 
remained to the present C. Eldred & Son. Mr. Eldred was married to Miss 
Eliza Hawk, a native of Pennsylvania and resident of Stark County, Ohio, in 
18-15. They have three children — S. T Eldred, druggist; John H., a printer 
at La Porte : and Mary Hoffman, of Ligonier. They are both members of 
the Methodist Church and Mr. Eldred is a Knight Templar. 

S. T. Eldred, junior member of the firm of C. Eldred & Son, was born 
in Stark County, Ohio. In 1865, he began his business experience in Wabash, 
clerking in a drug store, then was in his father's store at Ligonier until he be- 
came a partner in 1872. They are both courteous gentlemen and progressive 
business men. The son is also a Mason, and was married, in 1873. to Miss 
Elizabeth Randall, a native of Indiana. They have one child — Frank. 

S. B. ENGLE, son of Andrew and Ann R. (Conrad) Engle, was born in 
Perry Township. His parents were there engaged in farming, and came at an 
early day. The subject's younger days were associated with farm life, and his 
educational facilities were up to the standard, which sufiiciently warranted him 
in teaching school during the winters. He officiated three years as a preceptor 
in the public schools at Ligonier, to which place he came in 1877, where he 
he formed a matrimonial alliance with Miss M. E. Myers, who was a resident 
of Illinois at the time of her marriage, but originally came from Ohio. 

J. F. GARD, M. D., one of Ligonier's prominent professional men, was 
born in Preble County, Ohio, where he was reared on a farm. In 1859, he 
began the study of medicine with A. D. Potts, and continued it until the open- 
ing of the war, when he enlisted, in May, 18fil, in the Sixteenth Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry. He was with this regiment for one year, and during the 
remainder of the war and untiV January, 1866, he served in the First Indiana 
Heavy Artillery, thus making over four years' service, during which time he 
acted chiefly as Assistant Surgeon. After the war closed, he commenced the 
practice of his profession in Miami County, Ind., where he remained six years. 
He named the town of North Grove, in Miami County, Ind., where he went 
in 1866, succeeded in establishing a post office, and when he left the place 
numbered 300 inhabitants. Mr. Gard came to this county in October, 1S71, 
and remained at Wawaka, where he built up a large practice, until he came to 
Ligonier and located in 1877. He has secured an extended and lucrative 
practice, and is well known as an able physician. Mr. Gard is a graduate of 
Bennett Medical College of Chicago and is a Knight Templar. He was 
married to Miss Mary J. White, a native of Ohio, in 1867. They have two 



336 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

children living — Ettie B. and Addie. Albert L. died in 1870, aged eighteen 
montlis. 

W. G. GARDNER, merchant tailor, was born in Germany, March 10, 
1833, is the youngest of five chililren, and the only one of the family that came 
to this country. His' parents, Alexander and Regene Gardner lived and died 
in Germany. The subject emigrated to New York City in 1854, and after four 
months went to Newton, N. J., remained six months, then returned to New 
York City. He then went to Burlington, Va., and after returning, spent some 
time in New York, and after an extended trip throughout the Western States 
and Canada, returned again to New York, subsequently going to Connecticut, 
where he stayed until 1862. In that year he enlisted in Company F, Nine- 
teenth Connecticut Volunteer Infimtry, and served until July IT, 1865, then 
returned to Connecticut ; he received two wounds while in the army. He came 
to Llgonier in 1877, and was employed for some time by Jacob Straus & Co., 
as cutter and fitter in their clothing establishment. In 1879, he established a 
business of his own and has been very prosperous ; he employs from five to 
seven workmen. Mr. Gardner was first married in Connecticut, July 3, 1860, 
to Louisa Kohlor, who was born in Germany in 1842. She died in 1861, May 
18, and he married January 1, 1862, Mary A. Commings, a native of Connec- 
ticut, born February 2.5, 1838. By his first wife Mr. Gardner had one child, 
W. F., and the remaining children are Phebie A., Sophia .J., Nellie M., and 
an infant as yet unnamed. Mr. Gardner is a Mason, and owns town property 
in Ligonier ; he is a popular citizen as well as an honorable business man. 

E. B. GERBER, hardware, etc., a genial gentleman and an energetic, 
thrifty business man, was born in Stark County, Ohio, one of eleven children, 
whose parents were David and Susanna (Buchtel) Gerber; early settlers of E. 
B.'s native county. The father was a persevering farmer, who, with his fiimily, 
removed to La Grange County, Ind., in 1855, settling in Eden Townsiiip, 
where he died in 1872. In 1876, the mother moved into Ligonier, where she 
still resides, in the conciousness of a well spent life and with the respect of her 
many acquaintances. Eight of the children are now living — Eliza Shrock and 
Abraham, in La Grange County ; Lydia Yoder and Daniel, in Perry Township ; 
and E. B., Sarah Bruner, Tcna King and Christopher W., of Ligonier. In 
1861, Jacob J. entered the army for the suppression of the rebellion, as a 
member of Company C, Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he 
served until he was taken prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga. He was then 
taken to the rebel prison at Andersonville, where he died September 2, 1864. 
Benjamin F., the youngest of the fiimily, was a tinner by trade, and had charge 
of that department in E. B.'s hardware store until the 5th of June, 1881, when 
he and his wife were drowned in the Reservoir at Rome City. They were 
married in 1878. Her maiden name was Maxwell. E. B. Gerber, in his early 
manhood, learned the carpenter trade, also civil engineering, in addition t > 
which he commenced teaching school whilst yet in Stark County, Ohio. In 
1855 he came to La Grange County with his parents, but went to Nebraska the 
same year. Here bringing into requisition his knowledge of engineering, 
assisted in laying out Omaha City. After about eight months, having visited 
other parts, he returned home and resumed school-teaching and carpentering. 
In 1857, Mr. Gerber was appointed Deputy County Surveyor of Noble County 
under William Dowling, and in 1858 was elected County Surveyor, serving 
until 1865, with his residence in Ligonier. Was engaged in publishing town 
and county maps, from 1864 until 1867. The real estate business then en- 



TOWN OF LIGONIER 337 

grossed his attention for one year. In January, 1869, he purchased the interest 
of Mr. Wadsworth. of Wadsworth & Parker, hardware, and one year later 
bought Mr. Parker's interest, thus succeeding to the proprietorship of the 
whole establishment. He carries a full line of hardware, stoves, tinware and 
agricultural implements. This business is conducted in. a progressive manner 
characteristic of the man. In 1871, Mr. Gerber, in connection with Mr. 
Treash and Kirchbaum, established a foundry in Ligonier, which business, in 
1880, was changed to a carriage manufactory. In 187-1, he, with Carlton 
Jones, started a handle manufactory, but is not now connected with that busi- 
ness. In political positions, in addition to that of Surveyor, Mr. Gerber has 
served in nearly the whole line in his town and township. In 1856, he was 
elected as Trustee of Eden Township, La Grange County, and served as first 
Assessor of Ligonier after its incorporation. Has been City Councilman for 
several terms ; has also filled the office of City Clerk, and is now President of 
the City Council, and has served several years as School Trustee. He is a 
Knight Templar, and now Master of the Ligonier Lodge, No. 185, F. & A. M. 
In October, 1857, Mr. Gerber was married to Miss Mary Moses, of Perry 
Township. They have four children — Owen F., Delta, Minnie and Dwight. 
The honorable and active career of Mr. Gerber, as summed up in his record, is 
a higher commendation of his usefulness as a citizen than can be bestowed upon 
him by any words of praise. 

D. W. GREEN, of Green & Bothwell, attorneys at law, was born in Stark 
County, Ohio, son of John F. and Christina (Bowers) Green, natives of Germany, 
and early settlers of Stark County, where they resided up to 1860, the father engag- 
ing in bhicksmithing, being a mechanic by trade, learned edge tool-making in the 
old country. They moved to Wayne County, Ohio, where they lived one year ; 
then, in 1861, came to Ligonier. While in Noble County, he followed farming ; 
then, in 1875, removing to Jasper County, he engaged in the hardware trade, 
in connection with his son, which still occupies his attention. They had six 
children, the subject being the fourth. He had a good education, and after com- 
ing to Noble County, with parents, attended Wittenburg College, at Spring- 
field. In 1862, he enlisted Company B, Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer 
Infantry, and soon after was appointed Steward of No. 1 Hospital, at Louisville, 
Ky. When this was closed, he was transferred to Crittenden Hospital, where 
he was connected until 1865. He returned to Ligonier, and attended com- 
mercial college at Fort Wayne one term. He then spent a short time at 
Kendallville, in the grocery business, with Albert Banta, subsequently farming 
two years in Perry Township, where he was elected Justice of the Peace. 
Moved to Ligonier in 1870, and served eight years. Previous to this, he had 
been studying law, which he has been practicing since 1876, when he wa3 
admitted to the bar. In 1878, he formed his present association with Frank 
P. Botliwell. He is now serving as City Attorney, and is an eminent lawyer, 
and progressive citizen. He was married, in 1867, to Miss Ellen Banta, 
daughter of Albert Banta. In 1872, she died, leaving a child, Lulu M. Mr. 
Green married again, in 1874, Ladora D. Dodge, of Elkhart Township ; she 
died in 1875. His present and third wife was Mrs. Electa W. Fleming, whom 
he married in 1877. They have one child, Charles F. Mr. Green belongs to 
the Methodist Church. 

A. C. HARDENBROOK, grocery and saloon, is a native of Elkhart Town- 
ship, this county. His father, Ralph Hardenbrook, was a native of Virginia, and 
his mother, Eunice (Carr), was a native of Ohio. They left Richland County, 



338 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Ohio, in 1835, and came to Noble County, locating in Elkhart Township. Here 
they passed their remaining days on a farm ; the mother died in 184J, and her 
husband in 1862. Of nine children, there are now living— Freman, Harriet 
Hardenburgh and Emily Gibson, of Iowa ; Solomon, of Albion, Ind. ; Francis, 
of Michigan, and the subject. The hitter's early life was passed on a farm, 
until he reached his majority, when he went West, and passed nine years among 
the mountains in Idaho, Montana and Nevada, engaged in packing an,l min- 
ing. He returned to Ligonier in 1866, and engaged in the livery business ; 
subsequently starting a grocery and saloon, which he has since continued. Mr. 
Hardenbrook has crossed the plains seven times, and has been once by water 
to California. He has served on the City Council, and is one of the oldest 
citizens born in the county. He possesses a fine library, is a well-read man 
and a progressive citizen. He was married, in December, 18bb, to Miss 
Melinda Hathaway, native of Ohio. They have five children— Harry, Lora, 

Vernon. Allie and James. ,-p ■ zm • c. i 

J W. HIGGINBOTHAM, jeweler, passed his earl- life in Ohio, Mark; 
County, where he was born. He came to Ligonier witL his parents. His 
father, Mark B. Higginbotham. was a native of Ireland, and was inarried in 
Stark County. Ohio, to Jane Scott, who was a native of Scotland. He was a 
jeweler by trade, and followed it throughout life, working at the bench for over 
half a century. They remained in Ohio until 1857, when they came to Ligo- 
nier, and he commenced his trade with a small stock of goods, that he afterward 
enlarged, his son, J. W., being the manager. He died in 1876 and his wite 
in 1881 They were both Episcopalians, and had two children, the subject, and 
Elizabeth Miller, of Bloomington, 111. The former learned the jeweler s trade 
of his father, and was in partnership with him, making the firm ot Higgin- 
botham k Son. Since his father's death, he has conducted the business alone ; 
throu.^h constant practice, has become a superior workman ; makes repairing 
a specialty ; and carries an extensive stock of watches, clocks, silverware and 
jewelry. ' He has been a member of the City Council one term ; has served as 
Town Clerk one term: and is a member of I. 0. 0. F. In 1864, he was 
united in marriage with Miss Sarah Fisher, of Stark County, Ohio, daughter ot 
Henry C. Fisher, an e:irly settler of Noble County, and now a resident ot Kan- 
sas "They have four children— Harry M., Maud, Pearl and John J. 

J H HOFFMAN, books, stationery, news, wall paper, etc., an ener- 
getic business man. He is a native of De Kalb County, Ind His par- 
ents, George R. and Sarah (Cramer) Hoffman, came' from Pennsylvania to Ue 
Kalb County about 1837, being pioneer settlers and residents there until tlieir 
death They located in Butler Township. His fother was a prominent citi- 
zen and served that county as Recorder several years. Our subject was asso- 
ciated with his father on the farm until 1861, when he enlisted in Company K, 
Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was in active service about one 
year being wounded at the battle of Pittsburg Landing. Returning to his 
home, he engaged at school teaching, using the money earned m attaining a 
hirrher education. In 1867, he came to Ligonier and embarked m his present 
business, also teaching in the public schools for three years. His stock is varied 
and extensive, and embraces everything in the line of a first-class book and 
stationery store. He is the agent for yarious makes of cabinet organs and t tie 
Weber piano. Mr. Hoffman has served in the City Council one jear, ami as 
Town Clerk three years. He is a member of the I. 0. O b. In i» ' "f 
was united in marriage with Miss Mary C. Eldred, daughter of C. Eldred, 
druggist, of Ligonier. 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 339 

HON. HENRY HOSTETTER is the present Representative to the State 
Leg slature from Noble and La Grange Counties, to which position he was 
elected m IbSO. He is a native of Chillicothe, Ohio, where he was born July 
n ;• ;Ar " parents Henry and Catherine (Maughmer) Hostetter, were 
natives of Virginia and Maryland, and of German and Scotch descent. Ulrich 
ilostetter the grandfather of our subject, emigrated to this country from Ger- 
many at the close of the Revolutionary war, and located in Greenbrier County 
Va.. afterward removing to Rockingham County, same State. Henry 
Hostetter, at the age of fifteen, was apprenticed to the tanner and currier's 
ra. e but was compelled to abandon that occupation on account of failing 
health. In the spring of 1831, he came with his father'.s familv to what i! 
now Perry Township. Here they began clearing a large tract of' land. His 
father was a representative man, serving as one of the first County Commis- 
sioners, and as Township Trustee several terms. They had a family of twelve 
mI, f S'l, ^'^°'"f'^ r.^ living-John, Benjamin, Henry, Joel and Mrs. 
ft-^A J: Jt'''^. \'"''°"' Jo'i"S '" Goshen. The parents remained here until 
their death, the father, in 1847, and the mother in 1855. After coming here 
Henry served for a time on the home farm and then entered the employ of 
tepenser & Dawson of Fort Wayne, as a salesman. After two years in that 
capacity, he attended school for four months at Goshen, after which he 

S^ r?S ."'"■ "'"'^',V," ^^^'^^ ''"^ ^■^'''^^'^ ^^ «'"«'^on labor the rest. 
July 0, 18d9, he married Miss Margaret Ann Harsh, whose parents, with their 
family, cameto Ligonier, in 1837, from Hocking County, Ohio, she, then only 
btteen years old. walking the whole distance, over three hundred miles. Mr 
Hostetter and wife settled on the Haw Patch and cleared a farm. In 1853" 
t^ey moveil into Ligonier, where he entered upon the practice of the law Mr' 
Hostetter ^is a Republican in politics ; he filled the office of Justice of the 
?« m'^V'"'''^*"^ consecutive years, and Township Assessor for twelve years • 
in 1840, he was elected County Sheriff, and, in 1842, was defeated for re-elec- 
Zu%^a^ T Ts n?'T' '^' Democratic majority for other candidates being 
about 350. In 1840, he was also appointed County Appraiser by the Le-isla 
ture. His long continuance in official position by the people is a fitting tribute to 
his efficiency and moral worth. In religious views, Mr. Hostetter is liberal 
though he and wife both were reared under strict orthodox teachings He is 
an active Mason, having joined that fraternity in 1853. His business enter- 
wh 1 y /^% '° successful as to place at his command an ample fortune 
wh ch he and wife are enjoying in their home in Ligonier. They have four 

I f M~ W "a^/'"''^^ ^T"' '^ '^t I- ^ ^- ^- ^- ''' Milford Junction 
Litnier '™'^ ^ Elkhart), and Alice E. Sandrock, of 

DAVID HOUGH, farmer, was born in Westmoreland County Penn 
and was brought up on his fither's^farm. He remained in Pennsylvania' farming 
m Westmoreland and Allegheny Counties for himself until 1864. In this vear 
he came to Indiana, locating in this township, where he still resides. In 

Penn Th''"'. ""'"7 ?n '' t"'"''tr ^""^'y^ ^^ Westmoreland County, 
Penn. They have our children-Mary Wade (who resides in Ligonier) Ben 
amin, Margaret and Andrew. Mr. Hough owns eighty acres of w'ell-improved 
arming land situated on Section 19, and is one of the prominent and practical 

iv'shr-ff 7' r^n'T- .^''""1 'f^' '' ^^^'5' ^« fil'^-i the office orc un 
ty Sheriff and creditably discharged the duties assigned him. 



340 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

J E HUFFMAN is a contractor and builder, resident of the city of 
Li-onier, ^hich has been his home since the close of the war, and where he has 
prosecuted his business with success. Mr. Huffman was born m Stark Coun- 
ty, Ohio. September 20, 1840. He remained with his parents until he was 
ei<'h teen years old ; then learned the carpenter's trade. In 18bl, he enhsted in 
Company F, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which regiment he 
served with bravery. Returning home, he subsequently entered the Thirteenth 
Indiana Infantry, and served until the close of the war sharing in the cam- 
paigns and battles of his command. Mr. Huffman, at the termination of his 
service, settled in Ligonier. and commenced work at his trade. November 8, 
1869, he was marrie"l to Miss M. B. Smith, native of \ork S ate, born .Jan- 
uary 18 1840. The parents of Mr. Huffman were Frederick and Elizabeth 
Huffman, he a native of Switzerland, anil she of Pennsylvania, both born in 
1808 He came to this country in 1816, remaining in Pennsylvania until 
1834' In the meantime, learned the shoemaker's trade. He then came to 
Stark County, Ohio, and was married in 1835 to Elizabeth Simmons In , 
1848 he moved with his family to De Kalb County, this State, where the old 
people still reside. The father and mother have been members of the Chris i an 
Church upward of fifty years. Their faniily of children consisted of Adam 
L (who was killed in ihe army), Ann, J. E., A. C, Elizabeth, Almira (de- 
ceased) and Frederick. J. E. Huffman owns some property in the city ; be- 
longs to the Masonic Order, having passed through the Grand Lodge, and is a 
member of the Christian Church. .• i, ■ 

C V INKS importer and dealer in granite and marble, is an active busi- 
ness m'an ^f Ligonier. H.s parents, Joseph and Louisa (Vinson) Inks, were 
early settlers of Elkhart County. In 1846, they removed to Noble Township, 
where they resided until 1SG8, when they became residents of Ligonier Here 
the mother died in 1869 ; the father is still living. Two children are desceiid- 
ants John F., connected with the marble works, and the subjcc of this sketch, 
So' was bor'n in Goshen, Elkhart Co., Ind., in 1836. When seventeen 
years of a-e, he commenced to learn his tratle with his uncle, Beecher Ink.s, of 
Elkhart, N^th whom he remained one year, subsequently going to Goshen 
where he finished. In 18.55, he embarked in the marble business at ^\ olf 
■ Lake, prosecuting the same for two years. He then removed to Goshen whm 
he remained in business until 1860, returning at that period to ^/olf Lake, 
and resuming his business connections there. In 1868, he removed to Ligo- 
nier establishing his present works. He executes artistic and substantial de- 
sign's, and besides supplying an extensive local trade, has extended his sales to 
tlfe adjoining Statesof Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and II inois. Fo evera 
years he has been importing granite from Scotland, also dea ing in the best 
American grades. He is a"m%mber of the Masonic Order, and a. one tunc was 
a candidate for Representative on the Democratic ticket. Mr. Inks, in LSbO, 
married Miss Caroline Myers, of Medina County, Ohio. They have four chil- 
dren Harry, William B., Albert and Rosa. _ r r^ v. ^ a 
ANDREW JACKSON. Justice of the Peace, is a native of Cumberlana 
County, Penn., and came in early youth with his parents to Ohio, finally locat- 
ing in Fayette County. Here his boyhood days were passed on a farm, and he 
subsequently was engaged in farming for himself until he came to Ligonier m 
S^wher J he has since been locatc^l. For several years he was employed in 
drayin. at the depot and as grain inspector. Although he has been e ected 
Sice%f the Peace heretofore, he never served until 1878, when he was elected. 



TOWN OF LIGONIEE. 8il 

to, and has since administered the duties of, that office ; he also has served as 
Corporation Assessor one year. He was married, February 3, 1848, to Julia 
A. Shobe, of Fayette County, Ohio. They have seven cliildren living — Sarah 
E. Wolf (of Ligonier), Samuel T., Ira M., William L., Charles E., Edward and 
Addie. Mr. Jackson has been a member of the I. 0. 0. F. since 1852, hav- 
ing joined in Ohio. He passed all chairs in subordinate lodges, and lias been a 
member of Grand Lodge for the past eleven years. lie is also an Encampment 
member of tiic lodge, and has been an officer in that department since its organ- 
ization in about 1869. Since the Encampment was organized, he has held the 
office of High Priest, and in the lodge has been Recording Secretary for four 
years, and for one year was Grand Guardian in the Grand Lodge of the State. 

JACOBS & GOLDSMITH, merchants, one of the leading mercantile 
houses of Noble County, was organized in December, 1873, by the association of 
M. Jacobs and A. Goldsmith, who purchased the stock of Straus & Meagher, 
and, in 1878, E. Jacobs was aduiitted as a partner. The firm now consists of 
the three enterprising young men ; they carry a large line of dry goods, boots 
and shoes, carpets, notions and groceries ; they also deal in clothing and gents' 
furnishing goods, having purchased, in 1878, the entire stock of J. Straus, Jr. 
This department is presided over by M. .Jacobs, and under the firm name of M. 
Jacobs & Co., tliey make a specialty of merchant tailoring. 

M Jacobs has been connected with the business interests of Ligonier since 
1866, when he entered the employ of Straus Bros,, and subsequently as cleric 
for Straus & Meagher, until he entered his present partnership. Mr. Jacobs i» 
an Encampment member of the I. 0. 0. F., and also member of the I. 0. B. 
B., No. -21)8, of Ligonier. 

A. Goldsmith began his business career in Ligonier as book-keeper for 
Straus Bros., in 1867, retaining the position under Straus & Menglier. He 
spent one year in New York, employed in his previous capacity for a wholesale 
firm there ; then returned to Ligonier, and began his present business. He is 
a member of the Blue Lodge, A., F. & A. M., and of the I. 0. B. B., No. 298, 
of Ligonier. 

E. Jacobs came to Ligonier in 1869, and engaged as clerk for Straus & 
Meagher with whom he remained until 1873 ; then was employed by Jacobs & 
Goldsmith until 1878, when he became a partner. He is a member of the 
Council, A., F. & A. M., and also of the L 0. B. B., No. 298, of Ligonier. 

E. W. KNEPPER, M. D., was reared on his father's farm in Portage 
County, Ohio, the place of his nativity. Having received a good education, he^ 
commenced the study of medicine in 1853, with Dr. .J. M. Viers, of Bryan, 
Oliio, under wiiose tutelage he remained two years, finishing his studies with Dr. 
Cooney of the same place, and subsequently graduated at a Cincinnati medical 
college, commencing the practice of his profession at Eden, Williams Co., Oliin, 
where ho remained until the spring of 1866, when he came to Ligonier, where 
he lias built up a lucrative practice besides performing for eight years tlie serv- 
ices of liis profession for the L. S. & M. S. R. R. The Doctor keeps the advance 
in his profession, and takes advantage of opportunities for information. He be- 
longs to the American Medical Association ; is President of the N. E. Indian* 
Medical Association, and was President two years of the Noble County Medical 
Society ; also served as President and Secretary of the Ligonier IMeilical Asso- 
ciation, now defunct. As Secretary of the Ligonier Board of Health he has 
served the public since its creation six years ago. He is a Past Cliief Patriarch 
and Past Noble Grand of the I. 0. 0. F., No. 267, Excelsior Lodge, and No. 



342 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

89, Washington Encampment. In 1855, Dr. Knepper was united in marriage 
with Miss Margaret J. MeQuilkin, of Carroll County, Ohio. They have two 
children living — Edwin W. and Mabel J. 

J. M. KNEPPER. lumber dealer and express agent, is a native of Co- 
lumbiana County, Oiiio. His early life was passed on a farm with his father 
in his native county and in Portage County. At the age of seventeen, he 
started out for himself and learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed 
about ten years in Columbiana and Williams Counties, Ohio. He lived at 
Bryan, Ohio, from 1852 to 1860, when he came to Ligonier and filled the 
position of telegraph operator for ten years, when he became express and 
freight agent, and conducted all three for some time. In 1877, he engaged in 
the lumber trade, dealing in laths, shingles and all other building materials. 
This, in connection with the express agency, has occupied his attention since. 
In 1854, Mr. Knepper married Miss Delia M. Patterson, a native of Colum- 
biana County, Ohio. Thej' have four children — Evah Sisterhen (of Ligonier), 
Albro, Rosa M. and Oliver Morton. Mr. and Mrs. Knepper are both mem- 
bers of the Disciples' Church, and he is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and a 
prominent citizen of Ligonier. 

SAMUEL KRICIIBAUM, of Krichbaum & Gilbert, merchants, was 
reared on a farm in Stark County, Ohio, the place of his nativity. He learned 
the carpenter's trade, which he was engaged in there until he came to Perry 
Township in 18G3, where he followed the same calling until he became identi- 
fied with the firm of Gerber, Treash & Krichbaum, of the Ligonier Foundry. 
In 1876, he discontinued this and embarked in his present business, in asso- 
ciation with Huffman & Teal, Huifman soon retiring and the business con- 
tinued by Teal and Krichbaum until 1879, when our subject became the sole 
proprietor. In the fall of the same year, he associated with him a partner, Mr. 
M. E. Gilbert, and since then the firm have been actively engaged in their 
present business operations, viz. : the manufacture of handles, snow-shovels, 
and dealing in and manufacturing hard-wood lumber. Mr. Krichbaum is an 
•enterprising, pushing business man, has served on the City Council and is a 
valued citizen of Ligonier. He was, in 1862, married to Miss Susan Buchtel. 
of Stark County, Ohio. 

MATTHIAS MARKER is the eldest of a femily of ten children. He 
was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., November 6, 1811, and remained 
with his parents until he was twenty-two years old, then came to Indiana in 
1834, and after a stay of about one year returned to Pennsylvania. Spending 
another year there, he retraced his steps to St. Joseph's County, Ind. ; again 
returning to his native State in about one and one half years, where, on May 
'29, 1839, he was married to Miss Charlotte Felgar, born in Pennsylvania 
March 17, 1817. In 1844, they came to this county and settled on land pur- 
chased by him in 1835. Mrs. Marker died February 24, 1848. He married 
for his second wife Sarah Wright January 27, 1859, who died March 27. 1866. 
Mr. Marker was married again November 25, 1870, to Nancy Shidler. He is 
the father of six children, viz. : Henry, John, Lewis, Albert, George and 
Philo J. Himself and wife belong to the Christian Church. He has retired 
from active life; owns 219 acres of land and town property by his last wife. 
The parents of Mr. Marker were George and Mary Marker, both natives of 
Pennsylvania. He was born November 15, 1785 and she April 20, 1790. 
They were married February 5, 1811, emigrated to this county in 1845, where 
he died September 24 of that year and she in 1866. 



TOWN OP LIGONIER. 343 

A. R. McNAIR, barber and hair dresser, son of William and Elizabeth 
McNair. was born in Allen County, Ind., December 20, 1856. When about 
a year old, his grandmother undertook the care of him, and he lived with her 
until about nine years of age, when he returned to his home in Allen County ; 
his grandmother had, in the meantime, moved to a La Grange. The subject 
remained with his parents about six months, then came with them to La Grange 
County. After living at home three years, he commenced an apprenticeship at 
the blacksmith's trade, which he followed for some time, and, after a vacation of 
fourteen months, resumed it again. After another year in La Grange, he 
spent .six months at Brighton, then went to Sturgis, Mich., all the time work- 
ing at his trade, which he discontinued in 1877, and began his career as a bar- 
ber in Sturgis. He subsequently sold out and returned to La Grange, where 
he formed a partnership with J. Jagger. In 1881, he came to Ligonier, and 
established himself in his present successful business. He was married, Octo- 
ber 7, 1879. to Miss Orcena Selby, who was born in La Grange County 
March 9, 1860. Mr. McNair owns property in La Grange and Ligonier. and 
is a good citizen. 

SOL MIER, banker and capitalist, stands among the men of Northern 
Indiana, who have made their career a successful one by industry and good 
business management. Mr. Mier came to Indiana in 1852, and, for two years 
sold goods through De Kalb County. He came to Ligonier in 1854, and for 
twenty years was engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1874, he established his 
present bank business, which is considered one of the most reliable in Noble 
County. He is also largely interested in real estate operations, and in buying 
grain and general produce, and horses. Mr. Mier has assisted materially in 
building up the business interests of the community. He is a member of the 
I. 0. 0. F., of Ligonier, and of the Emek Beracha Lodge, No. 61, I. 0. B. 
■B., of Fort Wayne. 

JOHN S. OHLWINE is next to the eldest of twelve children of Charles 
and Elizabeth Ohlwine, and a native of Greene County, Ohio. His mother 
died in Ohio, and his father emigrated to Noble County in 1855, where he died 
in Sparta Township, in 1856. Until twenty-four years old, our subject worked 
on a farm in Ohio, where he learned the cooper's trade, which he followed 
until 1856, when he came to Ligonier and formed a partnership with a Mr. 
Smith in the mercantile trade, which business he has principally been engaged in 
since. For ten years he was associated with J. C. Zimmerman. In the fall of 
1857, Mr. Ohlwine, having been called to Sparta Township on business, found, 
upon arriving there, some men engaged in hunting a bear in a huckleberry 
marsh. Mr. Ohlwine entered the bushes and there witnessed John H. Ward 
struggling with a huge bear. Armed with a gun, he advanced, and was about 
to put the muzzle of the gun against the bear, when the latter turned and 
rushed upon him, and succeeded in getting him down in a sitting posture. Mr. 
0. managed to hold the bear off by the throat, when the bear was killed. This 
encounter is one of the many stories of early times related by Mr. Ohlwine, 
who is one of the oldest business men of Ligonier. He is a Mason, and has 
served on the City Council several times. He was married, in 1846, to Miss 
Maria Kendall, a daughter of John Kendall, an old settler of the county. 
They have two children — Laura Hays and Elizabeth Hepler, both residents of 
Ligonier. 

FAYETTE PECK is the second of twelve children, and was born in La 
Grange County, where his youth was passed in assisting his father in distilling 



344 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

peppermint, and working on the farm. His parents, Hawley and Harriet 
(Burnett) Peck, were early settlers of La Grange County, where he now re- 
sides. Our Subject came to Ligonier in 1866, and with his brother, Jarvis 
Peck, was engaged in running a planing-mill until 1873, when they added a 
saw-mill. In 1878, he bought out his brother's interest, and since then 
has conducted the business alone. He contributes largely to the business in- 
terests of the town, and employs several hands in his mill. He was married 
in 1866 to Miss Ida S. Perry, a native of New York, and daughter of James 
Perry, who was an early settler of Steuben County. She is a member of the 
Disciples' Church, and they have two children — Oscar G. and James II. 

JARVIS PECK, of Braden & Peck, millers, son of Hawley and Har- 
riet (Burnett) Peck, was born in Ontario County, N. Y. His father is a 
native of Connecticut, and his mother of New York. They were farmers, and 
came from Ontario County, N. Y., to La Grange County, in 1844, and 
settled in Clearspring Township, where they purchased land, and where she 
■died in 1873. The father has held numerous offices of trust ; was Justice of 
the Peace several terms, also served as School Director and Township Trustee, 
and is now living in retirement. Jarvis Peck is the third of twelve children, 
and was reared on his father's farm in La Grange County. In the spring of 
1866, he came to Ligonier, and started a planing-mill, in connection with his 
brother, Fayette Peck. In 1873. they added a saw-mill, and conducted the 
business until 1878. when Jarvis Peck sold his interest to his brother and en- 
gaged in the lumber trade with J. M. Knepper, which he continued one year. 
In 187'J, purchased an interest with S. M. Braden in a flouring-mill, with 
whom he is now associated. Mr. Peck possesses good business qualifications. 
He was married in 1870 to Julia Maxon, a native of New York. She has 
been a member of the M. E. Church since eighteen years old. They have 
two children — Gertrude and Edith. 

A. W. RANDOLPH, wholesale and retail lumber, left his' native State 
{New Jersey) at the age of fourceon, and came to Ohio. His parents, Abram 
F. and Abbey (Wilcox) Randolph, were also natives of New Jersey, and pio- 
neers of Ashtabula County, Ohio, where their last days were spent, and where 
the father was engaged in farming and carpentering. Our subject was 
reared on a farm, and for nine years followed the carpenter's trade. In 1864, 
he came to Perry Township and purchased a saw-mill, which he operated until 
the fall of 1879, when he came to Ligonier and built his present planing and saw 
mill. This, in connection with the wholesale and retail lumber trade, en^aires his 
present attention, and has become a leading industry. He constantly employs, 
on an average, seven men. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and 
occupies a position of prominence among the business men. In 1855, 
he was married to Miss Jane Rose, of Ashtabula Countv. Ohio. She died in 
1874, leaving two children — Nevada McConnell, of Ligonier, and Oakley. 
Mr. Randolph, in 1875, married Miss Mary Britton. native of Cuyahoga 
County, Ohio. They are both members of the Methodist Church. 

E. REEVE, general produce, son of Hiram and Catherine (Elum) Reeve, 
was born in Columbia County, N. Y. He began his career in life as fireman 
on a steamboat on the Hudson River ; engaged in this capacity for two 
years, then for three years he was salesman on a stationary barge in New York. 
He located in Bristol, Ind., in 1857, and followed his present business in 
connection with mercantile trade for five years, when he came to Ligonier, and 
has since remained in the general produce business, viz., eggs, butter, hides, 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 345 

poultry, etc. His business is extensive, and he is principally engaged iti ship- 
ping large supplies to New York. At one time he employed six teams, but at 
present runs four. Mr. Reeve is at present serving his second terra on Town 
Board. He was married, in 1862, to Miss Julia Jeanneret, a native of Lon- 
don, Canada, then a resident of Bristol, Ind. They have ei^ht children — 
Alice A., Marion A., Minnie E., Mary J., Henry J., Frederick E., Edith and 
Robert E. 

H. REYNOLDS, attorney at law. is a native of Branch County, Mich., 
and the eldest of three children of Ambrose J. and Margaret (Deloria) Reynolds. 
The father is a descendant of the Puritan stock, and a native of New York. 
The mother is of French descent, and was born in Canada. They were married 
in Michigan, where they settled in about 1836, and farmed for many years. 
They are now living with their son in Ligonier. Our subject remained on the 
farm until twenty-three years old, when he went to Sturgis, Mich., and became 
a student in the law office of Daniel E. Thomas, and afterward studied with 
Gen. William L. Stougliton. He was admitted to the bar in November, 1879, 
but ha<l previously commenced practicing with Daniel E. Thomas, with whom 
he was associated four years. Afterward, he practiced alone, until he came to 
Ligonier in January, 1881. In September of the same year, he formed a part- 
nership with S. D. Crane, now dissolved. Mr. Reynolds is a meinbcr of the 
I. 0. 0. F., and was married in 1873 to Miss Amy E. Whitman, of Michigan. 
They have one child — Elliott Deloria. 

E. L. SCHLOTTERBACK, M. D., was born in Perry Township, Noble 
County, Ind., the fifth of a family of twelve children. His parents, Gideon 
and Mary (Engle) Schlotterback, were the first couple married in Noble County. 
Our subject lived on a farm until eighteen years old, when he went West and 
spent several months. In 1861, he entered the army, enlisting in the Thirtieth 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry. After fourteen months, he received his discharge, 
having received injuries which rendered him unfit for duty. He returned to 
this county, and attended school; afterward, taught several terms. For a short 
time after this, he was engaged as an agent for medical works. In 1864, he 
was drafted and served several months in the Provost Marshal's office at Ken- 
dallville, when he was exempted and went to Michigan, where he was engaged 
in securing substitutes. He commenced the practice of medicine in Detroit, 
Mich., and then had an extensive traveling practice throughout the States of 
Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana and Missouri. In 1867, he solicited for 
paintings, then embarked in the patent rights business until the fall of 1868, 
when he resumed soliciting for paintings, continuing this until the spring of 
1870. After one year at home, he started out traveling again. At Cedar 
Rapids, Iowa, in 1872, he practiced in his profession, and traveled over the 
State of Iowa in specialties. In 1873, after a few months spent at home, he 
returned to his practice over Iowa aud Illinois ; desiring new territory, in 
January, 1875, he went to California, and traveled over the State in his pro- 
fession, remaining until 1876. During the winter of 1876-77, he attended a 
course of lectures at Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, afterward 
practicing over Illinois until the fall of 1877, when he came to Ligonier, and 
established himself in his profession. He makes a specialty of chronic diseases, 
also of head and throat diseases. These, he has made his study, and has 
been his own preceptor. He has considerable artistic talent, and has painted 
anatomical views descriptive of the veins, arteries, etc., for his professional use. 
Mr. Schlotterback is a Mason. He was married, in 1864, to Ellen M. Matthews, 



346 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

who was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, and whose father, David Matthews, 
is now living in Albion. They have one child — Vivian. 

Gideon Schlotterback, father of the subject, is a native of Sny- 
der County, Penn., where he was born. May 2-S, 1811. At the age of ten, he 
accompanied his father to Ohio, remaining there until he came to Noble County, 
Ind., in 1832, where he yet resides, and is a prominent citizen. He owns SOQ 
acres of land, and has served creditably as Justice of the Peace, Trustee, Town 
Clerk and County Commissioner. The first court assembly in the county was 
held in an old house that stands on his farm. April 16, 1833, he was united 
in marriage to Miss Mary Engle. born in Ohio November 20, 1810. She 
died January 23, 1856, and Mr. Schlotterback was again married to Mi.ss Mary 
Hoak, a native of Ohio. Mr. Schlotterback has seven children living, viz., 
Peter, Henry, Eli, Amelia, Adam, Ira and Amy. 

D. S. SCOTT, one of the leading merchants and influential citizens of 
Ligonier, is a native of Greene County, Ohio. His father, James A. Scott, 
was among the prominent men of Greene County. He was a soldier in the 
war of 1812, and for over forty years, served efficiently in public offices, hav- 
ing been Representative, Sheriff, Auditor and Recorder. After sixty-five 
years of married life, himself and wife departed this life in the year 1881, he 
at the age of eighty-eight, and she at eighty-six. Our subject, while in Ohio, 
learned the millwright trade, and followed it a number of years in connection 
with lumbering. After coming to Indiana in 1850, he was engaged in the 
lumber trade, at Rider's Mill, in Washington Township, where he located, 
until in August, 1851, when he went to Wolf Lake, Noble Township, and 
began general merchandising. In 186(), he sold out, came to Ligonier, and 
started as a broker, continuing this business until 1878, when he established 
an interest in the drug store of his son, J. W. Scott, and F. Sandrock, now the 
firm of D. S. Scott & Son. Mr. Scott also continues to do some brokering. 
He was Trustee of Noble Township for many years, and has rendered services . 
to the public schools of Ligonier, also been a member of the City Council. In 
1872, he was chosen Representative of Noble and Elkhart Counties, and 
served one term. During the time of the " Regulators," he was President of 
one of the societies. In 1850, Mr. Scott was married to Miss Amanda 
Leonard, a native of Pennsylvania, and resident of Miami County, Ohio. 
They have had three children — James W., David E. and Frank L. 

J. W. Scott, of the firm of D. S. Scott & Son, druggists, is a native 
of Washington Township, Noble County. He learned the trade of dentistry 
with Dr. Gants, of Ligonier, and practiced it about eighteen months in 
Columbia City. He returned to Ligonier in 1873, and entered the drug busi- 
ness with F. Sandrock ; this partnership lasted until 1878, when Sandrock 
retired, and his father became a partner; they carry a complete stock of goods 
in their line, and have an extended custom. James W. Scott married Miss 
Margaret Brandt, of Columbia City, in 1873. 

JACOB SHEETS, of the firm of Sheets & Wertheimer, dealers in gen- 
eral merchandise, dry goods, clothing, carpets, groceries, boots and shoes, and 
custom tailoring, came to Noble County in 1855. His first experience in the 
mercantile business was witli J. E. Braden in the grocery trade; this partner- 
ship was of three years' duration. Then, for ten years he was employed by S. 
Mier k Co., dealers in general merchandise ; at the end of this period, he 
became Mr. Mier's partner. This association lasted two years, when Mr. 
Mier retired in 1873, and Nathan Wertheimer became an equal partner with 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 347 

Mr. Sheets. They have since conducted the business and established a good 
trade. Mr. Sheets is a Mason, a present member of the City Council, and a 
good business man. 

S. SHOBE, livery, is a native of Ross County, Ohio. His father being 
a tanner, he was in that business until 1838, when he came to this place and 
became a farmer in Perry Township, following this until 1849, when he started 
a tan-yard. This business he conducted until 1854, when he was forced to 
retire on account of failing health. After a year and a half's residence in 
Iowa, he returned and made a venture in the hardware business with George 
McLain, with whom he was associated three years. From this, in 1859, Mr. 
Shobe engaged in the livery business, which he still conducts. He ot^s fifteen 
to twenty good roadsters and fine buggies and carriages. He is a member of 
the Masonic Order, Blue Lodge. In September, 1839, he was married to 
Miss Mary Smalley, daughter of Joseph Smalley, who came to Perry Town- 
ship in 1836. They have six children — Sarah E. Kerr, Taylor C. (in Ligo- 
nier), Isabella Parsons, Mary Henry (in Coldwater, Mich.), Charles H. and 
Allie. Mr. Shobe is one of the oldest business men of Ligonier, and well 
known all over the country. 

SAMUEL S. SHROCK, painter, is a son of Samuel and Catherine 
(Johns) Shrock, who were natives of Pennsylvania, and who came with a team, 
at an early day, to La Grange County, settling in Eden Township, where the 
father died in 1856. Three of their children are living — John M., with whom 
the mother is now living, in Eden Township ; Joseph S., a jeweler at Ligo- 
nier ; and Samuel S. The latter spent the first twenty years of his life on his 
fiitber's farm. His education was obtained at the schools of Valparaiso and 
La Grange, Ind., and Battle Creek, Mich. In 1879, he came to Ligonier and 
learned the painter's trade, which he has since followed. He was married in 
June, 1880, to Miss Ida B. Kegg, of Ligonier. 

JONATHAN SIMMONS, retired farmer, a native of Pennsylvania, was 
born April 4, 1811. Here he remained until 1833, when he emigrated to 
Ohio. He was married to Sarah Shidler, also a native of Pennsylvania, and 
resided in Ohio until 1857. They then came to Noble County, where Mr. Sim- 
mons has since lived. October 9, 1872, his wife and one of his daughters were 
buried, having succumbed to that dread disease, typhoid fever. They died 
within a few hours of each other, and were laid to rest on the same day. Mr. 
Simmons was again married July 10, 1873, to Nancy Nelson, a native of Indi- 
ana. He has been employed in farming most of his life, and has been very suc- 
cessful. He was one of the early settlers of this county, and owns 158 acres 
of well-improved land, also town property in Ligonier, where he resides, hav- 
ing retired from the farm. Mr. Simmons was President of the Noble County 
Fair for two years ; is a member of the Christian Church. Of the children of 
Mr. Simmons, twelve in number, nine are now living. Two of his sons were 
soldiers in the war of the rebellion, one of them serving throughout the entire 
war. 

P. SISTERHEN, boots and shoes, a native of Germany, came to 
America in 1847, locating in Stark County, where he followed shoe- 
making — which trade he had learned in the old country — until 1863, 
when he became a resident of Ligonier. He was first engaged in the 
manufacturing of boots and shoes exclusively, subsequently investing in 
a stock of ready-made goods, and has built up a large and success- 
ful trade. Since 1873, his son, George W., has been associated with. 



348 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

him, under the firm name of P. Sisterhen & Son. They make a spe- 
cialty of custom work. Mr. Sisterhen is a chapter member of tlio Masonic 
Order. He was married in 1849, in Stark County, Ohio, to JNIiss Mina Stru- 
ble. They are both members of the Disciple Church, and have four chihlren 
living — George W., Rosa Simmons, of Perry Township, William A. and Ed- 
ward. 

•J. C. STANSBURY & SON, merchants; was born in Stark County, 
Ohio, where his parents, William and Elizabeth (Armstrong) Stansbury, came 
at an early day, and are Still residing. He remained on his father's firm until 
fifteen years of age, when he went to Canal Dover, and served a three years' 
apprenticeship at the tailor's trade. Then went to Greenville, Ohio, and was 
there in business for himself one year ; thence to Massillon and clerked two 
years. Here, also, he had two years' experience in the grocery business in 
company with T. Tinkler. In 1856, he came to Ligonior, where he has resided 
since. He followed his trade a number of years, then was engaged in radroad- 
ing. In 1870, he started on a small scale his present business, which lie has 
extended, and succeeded in establishing a large trade. He has two fine sales- 
rooms, which were constructed for this special purpose. He carries a large line 
of dry goods and groceries. His son Robert has been a partner in the business 
since 1875. In 1852, he married ]\Iiss Mary Watchorn, a native of Stark 
County, Ohio. They are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
Robert is their only child. 

Straus brothers, bankers and capitalists, consist of an associa- 
tion of three brothers — F. W., Jacob and M. Straus. F. W. Straus came to 
Ligonier in 1853, and in 1855 was joined by his brother Jacob, when they 
formed a partnership in general merchandising. In 1856, the firm of Straus 
& Kaufraann was organized, consisting of the two brothers and Mr. Kaufmann. 
The firm were actively engaged in general merchandising until 1863, when Mr. 
Kaufmann retired, and M. Straus, who had come to Ligonier in 1862, was ad- 
mitted as a partner. They continued together in the mercantile business un- 
til 1869, when M. Straus and Me;igher bought out the goods and continued that 
business, while F. W. and Jacob Straus started a broker's office. In the spring 
of 1870, Jacob withdrew from this association, and went to New York, where 
for six months he was engaged in manufacturing colored papers, when he 
returned to Ligonier, and re-instated himself with his brother in the 
broker and real estate business. In 1873, M. Straus entered with his 
brothers, having disposed of his interest in the mercantile business, thus 
organizing the present firm. They do a general banking business, to- 
gether with buying and shipping grain, and dealing in real estate. 
The firm of Straus Bros, is situated in one of the best business bhjcks 
of Ligonier. The senior member, F. W. Straus, is a Mason, and has served on 
the City Council. Jacob and M. Straus are both members of the Emek Bera- 
. cha Lodge, No. 61, I. 0. B. B.. of Fort Wayne. 

JOHN B. STOLL, journalist, was born'in Wurtemberg March 13, 1843. 
His father, Bernard Stoll. was an extensive land-owner and the proprietor of 
a large country hotel. In the fall of 1842. before the subject of this sketch 
was born, the father was drowned in the River Murg while watering his horses. 
When young Stoll had reached the age of ten years, his mother immigrated to 
the State of Pennsylvania, locating in the city of Ilarrisburg. Two years 
later, the beloved mother died, and our subject was placed on a farm near Ilar- 
risburg owned by Sitnon Cameron. In this position he remained one season; 



i 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 349 

in the meantime being kindly advised by Mrs. Cameron to learn her husband's 
trade — that of printing. He resolved to accept the advice, though, as he was 
too young at the time to begin, he engaged himself for a time to George Dress, 
a baker in Harrisburg. About six months later, through the influence of his 
Sunday-school teacher, William K. Verbeke, he entered the office of the State 
Printer, George Bergner. Here he served an apprenticeship of three years, 
beginning the latter part of 1855. Having no educational advantages after 
his tenth year, he applied himself industriously to tlio accumulation of knowl- 
edge and to a general familiarity with newspaper work. He learned to reail 
the Enirlish lann;ua";e in the Lutheran Sunday school. His readins;3 were 
extensive, especially in newspapers; and though a worker in a Republican 
office, he evinced decided Democratic tendencies. During the campaign of 
1856, he organized a juvenile "Buck, and Breck." club, and participated in 
all the Democratic festivities. At this time, though still in the office of ardent 
Republicans, the boy frequently contributed to the columns of tlie Harrisburg 
Democrat. After his three years' apprenticeship, the boy accepted a position 
as journeyman in the office of the Middleburgh (Pcnn.) Volksfreund (People's 
Friend), published by A. J. Peters, father of the foreman in the Banner office 
at Ligonier. A year later, when in his seventeenth year, he bought an in- 
terest in the Independent Observer, at Johnstown, Penn. Here he continued 
about a year, or until his partner had robbed him of his earnings. Young 
Stoll made his first political speech in 1860. after the nomination of Stephen 
A. Douglas for the Presidency. At this time, though but seventeen, he 
■weighed 183 pounds and was considered "of age." A large audience greeted 
the young orator, and, though shaking with fright, he spoke for two hours 
without notes, and after that was in great demand. At the commencement of 
the war, he took a decided stand for the suppression of the rebellion. He 
delivered many addresses to that effect, and induced numerous hesitating 
Democrats to enlist. He enlisted in one of the eight companies that were 
organized at Youngstown within ten days after the fall of Sumter. His 
company was rejected (as the quota was overflowing) and was disbanded. 
About this time Mr. Stoll resumed his old position on the People's Friend. 
Here he remained, subject to various changes of fortune until he came to 
Noble County. At the almost unprecedented ago of twenty-three years, 
Mr. Stoll boldly shouldered the responsibilities of editorial life in a Repub- 
lican county, having to encounter the merciless criticism of a keen-edged 
editor of opposing politics in a neighboring town, and the frowns and gibes of 
numerous enemies. In appearance, he seemed older than he really was, and, 
from his first arrival in the county, was " dubbed " " Old Stoll," a phrase that 
yet clings to him like Sindbad's burden. Possessing great physical vitality, vast 
mental energy, and a placid and hopeful demeanor under difficulties, he steadily 
grew in popularity, influence and social worth. His style in speaking and in 
writing is much the same. His diction is excellent ; his sentences clear and 
sweeping, somewhat too heavy for light reading, but extremely forcible and con- 
vincing when delivered from the stage. He soon attained great notoriety as a 
public speaker, and became the leader of his party in the county. In Decem- 
ber, 1867, he was, by special direction of President Johnson, appointed Assist- 
ant Assessor of Internal Revenue, in recognition of his unwavering support of 
the President's reconstruction policy. In 1868, he was elected Chairman of 
the Democratic County Committee, filling the position during 1868, 1876 and 
1880. In 1870, he became a candidate for the Democratic nomination for 



3/^0 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

State Auditor, and, though less than four years a resident of the State, came 
within twenty-nine votes of securing the nomination against heavy odds. Two 
years hiter, he received the nomination for State Auditor against his successful 
competitor of 1870 ; but at the election, with the bulk of the Democratic ticket, 
was defeated by 172 votes, most of the other candidates suffering a much 
heavier defeat. In 1876, Mr. Stoll was elected a Delegate to the Democratic 
National Convention at St. Louis, of which body he was elected one of the Vice 
Presidents. In 1878, he received the nomination for Congress, and made a vig- 
orous campaign, reducing the Republican majority from 2,300 in 1876 to about 
1,600. Mr. Stoll was largely instrumental in organizing the Northern Indiana 
Editorial Association, of which he was President for six terms ; at this writing he 
is President of the Democratic State Editorial Association. He was two years 
Treasurer and three years President of the Noble County Agricultural Society ; 
was a member of the Ligonier Town Council for five consecutive years ; was Presi- 
dent of the two Building, Loan and Saving Associations of Ligonier, and is now 
Secretary of the Ligonier School Board. In 1869, after Mr. Stoll had retired 
from the Internal Revenue service, he established the La Porte Argus, of which 
he was publisher and editor until the fall of 1872, when he sold his interest. 
In 1875, he assisted in establishing a German paper at South Bend, called The 
Courier, of which he vvas editor-in-chief for something over six months. It is 
scarcely necessary to add that Mr. Stoll, in his political, editorial and social 
capacities, has done a great deal for the prosperity of Ligonier, for schools and 
ciiurches, for industrial enterprises, for his patrons and for the county. On the 
4th of August, 1861, while at Middleburgh, Penn., he was united in marriage 
with Miss Mary A. Snyder, a lady of much social worth. The young couple 
began housekeeping upon the husband's income of $5. .'SO per week, and as both 
were practically familiar with economy, they managed to save some of their 
earnings, with which Mr. Stoll purchased of his employer the little '• print 
shop " in which he had for several years worked. Four children of these 
parents are living — Ella C, aged nineteen ; Eva B., eleven ; Edgar A., seven ; 
and Elmer Roscoe, four. Four children have died in infancy, the severest loss 
being that of Johnny B., aged four years and three months, whose death occurred 
during his father's absence in the southern part of the State, during the cam- 
paign of 1S70. 

U. R. TREASH, of Gerber & Treash, is a native of Stark County. Ohio, 
and lived until eighteen years old upon his father's farm. After learning the 
carpenter and joiner's trade, he worked at it in that county several years. He 
then went to Akron, Ohio, where he resided two years, and in 1861 came to 
Indiana ; located in Marshall County ; engaged two years in following his trade 
summers and teaching school winters. He returned to Stark County, and 
spent two years, finally, in 1866, settling in Ligonier. Here, until 1871, he 
was employed at his trade, when he became a member of the firm of Gerber, 
Treash & Krichbaum, manufacturers of plows and agricultural implements. 
For four years they conducted this business, when they added another branch 
of industry, viz., that of carriage and wagon making. They continued both 
until 1879, Mr. Krichbaum in the meantime retiring. ' The present firm of 
Gerber & Treash, at one time, employed about eighteen men, but now furnish 
work for ten, under the supervision of Mr. Treash. Their works are large and 
commodious, and their sales extensive. Mr. Treash is a member of the Order 
of Chosen Friends. He was united in marriage, in 1863, with Miss Sarah 
Evans, of Stark County, Ohio. Their children are Olive M. and Mabel. 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 351 

JACOB VANCE is a native of Preble County, Ohio, where he was reared 
on a farm. He came to Indiana in 1834, locating in Elkhart County, where 
he remained two years, when he came to this county, Perry Township, with 
which place he has been identified up to the present time. He is familiar with 
all the phases of pioneer life, and has cleared 160 acres of land. He married 
Margaret Price in 1833. They have five children — Harrison and Jacob, Caro- 
line Long and Mary L. Redmon, of Ligonier, and Sarah Long, a widow, living 
in Perry Township. Mr. Vance retired from active life, and came to Ligonier 
in 1881, where he now is living. He owns eighty acres of land in the town- 
ship which his son Harrison operates. When Mr. Vance first came here, Lig- 
onier consisted of but one log cabin. He is a valuable citizen, and is worthy 
of mention as one of the typical pioneers. 

D. C. VAN CAMP, counselor and attorney at law, son of Benjamin 
F. and Hannah E. (Kirby) Van Camp, both natives of Virginia, passed his early 
youth upon his farther's farm. He learned the machinist's trade, and also 
worked at carpentering. In 1864, he became a member of the West Virginia 
troops, and served until the war closed, participaring in some severe engage- 
ments. He then returned to West Virginia, and followed carpentering until 
February, 1867. when, in company with his father's family, he came to Indiana, 
and located in Huntington County, where, with his brothers, he went to lum- 
bering, furnishing timber for railroad purposes. Subsequently, he formed a 
partnership with William Crabbs, for contracting and building ; this was a 
successful enterprise, and they employed a large number of hands, and were ex- 
tending their trade into various counties, when, in 1869, Mr. Van Camp met 
with a severe accident, that lamed him for life; and he was forced to discon- 
tinue the business. While engaged in business, he was, ad interim, attending 
school and reading law. When his condition had improved sufficiently to ad- 
mit of his attending school, he spent three years at the Roanoke Seminary, 
teaching at intervals, and afterward in the Seminary. In the fall of 1873, 
he was a teacher in the County Normal School. The ensuing winter he was 
elected Superintendent of the High School of Drovertown, Ind. He afterward 
entered the law office of Hon. H. B. Saylor, and was with him over two years. 
During this time (in 1874) he was admitted to the bar. In 1876, he came to 
Ligonier, where he has since resided, and has established a leading practice. 
He is well versed in all law matters, and ranks as one of the rising young law- 
yers of the county. During the year 1878, he served as City Attorney. He 
was married, in 1875, to Miss Lillie Truax, daughter of William Truax, of 
Whitley County, Ind. They have two children — Lloyd H. and Maud. 

JOHN WEIR, of Weir & Cowley, hardware, is a native of La Grange 
County, Ind., and son of Elijah W. and Amy (Hern) Weir, both natives of 
Eastern New York. They were married in La Grange County. The father 
came to La Grange County in 1836, and is now living in La Grange. His 
wife died in 1847, and he subsequently remarried. He has occupied a con- 
spicuous position in public life ; at one time served as State Senator, and has 
been connected with numerous minor offices. Our subject, in 1861, started in 
the drug business, as his father's representative, continuing about two and a half 
years. He commenced his career as a hardware merchant in Ligonier in 1864, 
with the firm of Weir, Welch k Co. This partnership, after three years, was 
dissolved, Weir continuing the business in association with his father until 1873. 
From that time Mr. Weir was the sole proprietor until in 1881, when B. \V. 
Cowley became a partner. In addition to a complete line of hardware, they 



352 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

deal largely in agricultural implements. Mr. Weir is a public spirited citizen, 
and a substantial business man. He is now serving his sixth year as Citv 
Treasurer. He was married, in 18G5, to Miss Alcinda J. Welch, whose father. 
John W. Welch, was an early settlor of La Grange County. Their children 
are two in number — Fred E. and Harry W. 

JACOB WOLF is next to the oldest living settler in Noble County. He 
was born in Pennsylvania (Cumberland County) in 180-5. His father, George 
W., was of the same nativity, and his mother, Margaret Wolf, was a native of 
Now Jersey. They were married in Pennsylvania, and in 1816 went to Hock- 
ing County, Ohio. From there they moved to this county in 183G, locating 
in Perry Township, on a farm where their last days were spent. Both were 
members of the Presbyterian Church. Of twelve children, six came with 
them to this county — Leonard (now deceased), Jeremiah, Nancy Harsh and 
Catharine (deceased) and IMargaret. Jacob, after he was twenty-one years of 
age, was for five years employed on the Ohio Canal. In August, 18.31, with 
$500, he came to Perry Township, and bought IGO acres of land, which now 
adjoins Ligonier. Upon this tract, in 1844, he erected the first brick dwelling 
built in the county. In 1833, Mr. Wolf was elected Justice of the Peace and 
received twenty-four out of twenty-five votes cast, filling the position five years. 
As Township Trustee, he served several terms, and was appointed Road Com- 
missioner, during which service $4,000 of the three per cent bonds were 
expended in opening roads. In 1846, he was elected County Commissioner 
and served three years. Being elected to the same position in 1866, he served 
three years more. During this time, the County farm was purchased and the 
poor-house built, as also were a number of the large bridges in the county. 
December 31, 1833, Mr. Wolf was married to Miss Deliliah Ilostetter, of 
Perry Township. She dieil in 1865. They had ten children, six now living — 
Abel. Henry, Silas, Allen, Matilda and Mary. Mr. WoU moved to Ligonier 
in 1875 and retired from active life. His son Abel is probably the oldest living 
male child born in Perry Township. In 1862, he engaged in the livery busi- 
ness, and after five years opened a saloon with Mr. Hardenbrook, in which 
line he continues. He was married, in 1861, to Miss Loantha Walker. They 
have one child living — OUie. 

HARRISON WOOD, retired farmer, is the son of Niah and Polly (Iloyt) 
Wood, natives respectively of New Hampshire and Vermont. They were res- 
dents of Franklin County, N. Y., for many years, and subseijuently spent one 
year in Michigan, coming to Noble County in 1837, and settling at Rochester. 
Perry Township. He was a pioneer settler of New York and also of Noble 
County. He followed farming in Perry Township, where they both died. 
They brought with them six children — Achsa, Harrison, Charles (now a resi- 
dent of Nevada). Charlotte Kinnison (of Perry Township), Evaline Shobe and 
George (both of Iowa). The subject is a native of Franklin County, N. Y., where 
his early life was passed. In 1834, he went to Michigan, Avhere he resided near 
Detroit for three years, then came to this county. lie purchased land in Perry 
Township and farmed until 1844, when he was elected County Sheriff and moved 
to Augusta, then the county scat. He served two terras and subsequently was 
appointed Probate Judge, was re-elected and served until 1851, when the office 
was abolished. He then returned to Perry Township and re-engaged in farm- 
ing. In 1874, he retired from active labor and located in Ligonier. where he 
has a fine home residence. Mr. Wood owns 500 acres of land, 350 of which 
are finely improved. Besides the above offices, Mr. Wood served one term as 



TOWN OF LIGONIER. 353 

Township Trustee and is a prominent citizen, esteemed by all. He was married, 
in 1844, to Miss Barbara Englo, hor father, Adam Engle, being one of the 
early settlers of Perry Township. She died in 1858, leaving two children — 
Frank and Alice. In 1860, Mr. Wood married again. His wife, Elmira L. 
Drake, is a native of New Jersey. 

J. C. ZIMMERMAN, retired merchant, is a native of Switzerland, and 
came to America with his parents about 1831, locating in Tuscarawas County, 
Ohio, on a farm, where his parents remained until their deaths. At the age of 
twenty years, our subject quitted farm life and went to Canal Dover, where he 
began his mercantile experience. His stay here was brief, and he came in 
1849 to Indiana, locating in Elkhart Township, where he worked at carpenter- 
ing for a short period, when he went to Albion, and became a clerk for Judge 
Clapp. After four years with iiim, he started in business — general merchandise 
— with Owen Black, of Albion. One year at this, then ho sold out, and in 
1857 came to Ligonier, and established a successful merchandise trade. For 
many years his sons, Greeley M. and Frank W., were working with him, and 
in the spring of 1879 became his partners, under firm name of Zimmerman & 
Sons. They carried a large line of dry goods, groceries, clothing, boots, shoes, 
etc., and did an immense business. November 10, 1881, the iiither disposed of 
his interest to his sons, and the firm was changed to Zimmerman Bros., and he is 
at present retired from business. He has figured conspicuously in public ofiices ; 
for eight and one-half years served as Township Trustee, and represented the 
counties of Elkhart and Noble, in 1877, in the State Legislature one term. 
He has also served several times on the Common Council, and has been an active 
worker in the schools. He is a Mason — Knight Templar — having been con- 
nected with that order since 1853. In 1853, J\Ir. Zimmerman married Miss 
Sarah J. Brown, daughter of Abram Brown, an early settler of Elkhart Town- 
ship. She was a native of Ohio, and died in 1876. Three of six of her chil- 
dren arc now living — Greeley M., Frank W. and Verona J. His present wife, 
to whom he was married in 1877, was Miss Callie Young, daughter of John 
Young, a prominent citizen of Noble County. 

COL. S. M. ZENT, tinsmith, is a native of Stark County, Ohio, and son of 
John and Jemima (Masters) Zent, who were natives of Pennsylvania, and early 
settlers of Stark County, subsequently moving to Richland County, Ohio, and in 
1853 to Huntington County, Ind., where the father is now living ; he is a farmer. 
The mother died in 1863. The subject is the eldest of ten children, and fol- 
lowed faruiing until eighteen years old, when he learned the tinner's trade at 
Mansfield, where he remained f)ur years. In 1854, he came to Indiana, and 
until ISGl was in the employ of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Rail- 
road. At the beginning of the war, he went out as private in the Thirteenth 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry, being the first man in Fort Wayne to enlist. 'He 
was actively engaged throughout the war, passing through forty-seven battles 
and engagements, being most of the time with the Army of the Potomac. He 
was regularly promoted through the different grades up to that of Lieutenant 
Colonel, excepting that of Major, and was commissioned Colonel by brevet by 
the President. After four years' service, he returned to Roanoke, Ind., and 
engaged in the hardware and tinware trade. He continued this until 1871, 
when bo went to Fort Wayne, and spent one and one-half years, then went to 
Ligonier, where, in 1875, he was instrumental in starting a Gordon expedition 
to the Black Hills, but they were intercepted by United States troops, and com- 
pelled to return. The following year he spent West, mining among the Black 



■354 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES^ 

Hills, and since then has been residing in Ligonier, where he is now proprietor 
of a tin store, giving particular attention to the repairing of goods in that line, 
jobbing, spouting, etc., and fitting iron, tin, copper, etc., for their various uses. 
Col. Zent is a Mason and a very desirable citizen. He was married in 1858 to 
Miss Sarah A. Price, of Roanoke, Ind. They have five children living — 
William S., John F., Charles F., Eva M. and Henry H. 



PERRY TOWNSHIP. 

MRS. ELIZA BECKNER, whose maiden name was Slabaugh, was the 
wife of Eli Beckner (deceased). He was bora in Elkhart County, Ind., Feb- 
ruary 12, 1837, and lived on his father's farm until his death, November 6, 
1869, of consumption. His parents were natives of Pennsylvania, and had a 
family of thirteen children, seven girls and si.x boys. Mr. Beckner's mother 
died October 24, 1861, at about the age of sixty-two years; his father died 
October 14, 1881, at the age of eighty-five years. Mrs. Beckner, after the 
death of her husband resided with her parents for about five years. Her 
father, Elias Slabaugh, then gave her a farm, upon which she erected a house, 
and with her children moved in : this she has since made her home. She has 
three children— Jacob W., born October 16, 1861 ; Mary A., October 27, 1863; 
Chauncey A., November 6, 1866. Mrs. Beckner's farm of sixty-nine acres 
is well improved, and with the judicious management bestowed in its cultiva- 
tion affords a comfortable and well provided home. 

FRED BORCHART came to Chicago from Germany in 1855. After a 
stay in that wonderful city of about two years, Fred took his baggage, and 
transferred his place of residence to La Porte, Ind., and then to Elkhart, where he 
remained some time. In 1862, Mr. Borchart came to Noble County, settling 
on his farm of eighty-four acres, where he now lives. March 9, after his ar- 
rival, he was united in the holy bonds of matrimony with Salina Lorman, a 
native of Prussia. They have become the parents of four children, whose 
names are Henry, Emma, Frank and Minnie. Fred Borchart was born in 
Germany May 27, 1827, the youngest of four boys, whose names were Charles, 
John, Henry and our subject. They constituted the family of children born 
to John and Elizabeth Borchart, who died in Germany in the year 1857, about 
four months apart. Fred Borchart and wife belong to the German Methodist 
Church, and live according to its precepts. 

ISAAC CAVAN is' a native of Pennsylvania, born October 27, 1807. 
At the age of 23, in 1830, he came to Indiana ; remained about six weeks, 
when he returned to Pennsylvania. After a stay there of six months, Mr. 
Cavan came back to Indiana, with $400, and worked in this vicinity about 
one year, and in the meantime bought one-half section of land, following this 
up with a purchase of one-quarter section more, whereupon he went back to 
Pennsylvania. In 1833, another trip was made to this, then new country, and an 
addition by purchase of one-quarter section more made to his previous posses- 
sions. Returning again to his home in Pennsylvania, Mr. Cavan married 
Elizabeth Marker, March 27, 1834. She was born in Pennsylvania January 
6, 1814. The same year they made the trip to this township, and settled on 
Section 2. Here Mr. Cavan carved himself and family a home. His markets 
for grain were Fort Wayne and Michigan City. Indians were then his most 



PERIIY TOWNSHIP. 355 

numerous neighbors, with whom he preserved the kindliest relations, and with 
whom he bartered and traded. Two children, William and John, have been 
settled on land divided between them by Mr. Cavan. His hmded possessions 
at one time comprised several hundred acres, and amono; his early entries was 
the tract, now the site of Ligonier, made in 1833. In 1835, in company 
with a few others, Mr. Cavan laid out the town of Ligonier. Of the families 
that moved into this section at that early day, his is the only one that still resides 
upon the original homestead. 

DAVID CUNNINGH.\M is the only surviving member of tiie family of 
Michael and Elizabeth (Dennison) Cunningham, who were born in Ireland, 
he September 18, 17!)5, and she November "2, 1796. They came to West- 
moreland County, Penn., at the age of about twenty-one, where they were unit- 
ed in marriage about the year 1817. Here they remained until their death. 
She died March 18, 1846, and he February 20, 1880. Thev had a family of 
four children, viz.: James, a physician, who died in Pennsylvania when about 
fifty years old ; George, who died when about eleven years old; Eliza, whose 
demise took place at the age of seventeen; and our subject, who was born in 
Westmoreland County, Penn.. August 20, 1828, where he remained until 
1855, when, having married Elizabeth Galbreth, October 9, 1851, he, with his 
family, came to this county Mr. and Mrs. Cunningham had a family of eight 
children, viz.: Elizaetta (deceased), Celestia, James (deceased), William F., 
John W., Ellsworth, Joseph R. and Norris. The six living are at home. ]Mr. 
Cunningham is an influential and worthy citizen ; is the possessor of 100 acres 
of well-cultivated land, and now holds the office of Trustee. 

ADAM ENGLE, deceased, was born in Lancaster County, Penn, Decem- 
ber 19, 1776. At about the age of sixteen, he went with his parents to West 
Virginia, and was married about the year 1802 to Miss Eve Hoffman, a native 
of Virginia, born Deceml)er 27, 1784. Soon after, they emigrated to Ross 
County, Oliio, thence to Pickaway County, same State, where they were early 
settlers, and in the town of Circleville, Mr. Engle built the first shingleroof 
house, and was engaged in farming and coopering until about 1821, when he 
moved to Hocking County, Ohio, continuing in the same employment. Hav- 
ing lost his property by indorsing for others, in April, 1832, Mr. Engle and 
wife, with a family of six children, accompanied by the families of Hostetter, 
Haines and others, started for Indiana, where they arrived on Perry's Prairie 
on the 6th of May, and proceeded to build a rude cabin, no nails nor sawed 
boards being used in its. construction. In the fall of 1832, ho built a cabin on 
Section 33, where he resided until his death. In this edifice, the first court 
was held. Mr. Engle was one of the very earliest pioneers of the county, and 
was ever a valued and esteemed citizen. The plow used by Adam Engle was 
one fashioned with his own hands. Oftentimes the little settlement were scarce 
of provisions, and fish were procured from the Elkhart River, and game from 
the forests to supply food. The little band brought with them to this county 
gearing for a saw-mill that they soon succeeded in getting in running order, it 
being the first constructed in the township. Mr. and Mrs. Engle both died in 
this township; his death occurred July 26, 1847, and hers August 1, 1862; 
they were members of the Lutheran Church, and a short sketch of their chil- 
dren is subjoined : Sophia, the widow of Henry Kline, is now a resident of 
Perry Township ; they came from Fairfield County, Ohio, to this township 
about 1837, where Mr. Kline's death occurred. William Engle is residing in 
Michigan. Henry Engle came to this township in 1833, and resided here un- 

B3 



856 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

til his death in 1874. Joseph Engle is a resident of Ohio. Mary married 
Mr. Schlottcrback, and died in this township in 1856. Elizabeth, who mar- 
ried a Mr. Coleman, died in 1875. Phoebe married Joseph Bradford and after 
his death became Mrs. John Squires. She died in June, 1862, in Perry Town- 
ship. John Engle came here with his parents, subsequently removing to Iowa, 
where he died in 1856. George Engle is a resident of Ohio, and Andrew En- 
gle of this township. Barbara Engle, the youngest, married Harrison Wood, 
and died in this township in April, 1859. 

Andrew Engle was born in Hocking County, Ohio, February 6, 1822. 
When ten years old, he accompanied his parents to this township, with which 
he has since been identified. November 26, 1847, he married Ann 11. Conrad, 
and soon after commenced farming in Section 33. In 1854, he moved to Sec- 
tion 28, where he is now located. Mr. Engle has experienced all the phases of 
pioneer life, and has assisted materially in the advancement and progress of 
Perry Township. lie owns 160 acres of well-improved land, and is a thorough 
farmer; has served as Township Assessor two years. Mrs. Engle is a native of 
Wood County, Va., born March 10, 1819. They have five children living, 
viz.: Sherman B., Isabell. J. C. Fremont, and Wirten and Clebren, twins. 

PHILIP HARPER has been a resident of Noble County since the very 
early days of its settlement, and where he was born, February 17, 1888. the 
year following its organization. Thus he was bred in the midst of pioneer life, 
and reared with the surroundings of frontier experiences. He became inured 
to its hardships and privations in his tender years, and was schooled by the 
meager opportunities of log schoolhouse days. From his advent to life in the 
woods he has lived to see the wilderness turned into a fruitful and prosperous 
country and has grown into possession, as the result of honest and heroic efforts, 
of a fine farm of 120 acres well improved and complete in its appointments. 
October 11, 1863, he was married to Miss C. Keehn, a native of Ohio. They 
have two children — Eddie E. and Marion J., to revere and comfort them in 
future years. 

SOLOMON HARPER (deceased) was born in Ohio November 7, 1810, 
and died in Noble County, Ind., January 20, 1873. During his life he was a 
prosperous farmer and owned 479 acres of land. He devoted considerable 
attention to stock-raising, which he made a specialty. Ho was married in Ross 
County, Ohio, to Mary Shobe, who was born in Ross County February 18, 
1807. They came to Noble County in 1831. After Mr. Harper's death, the 
property was divided among Mrs. Harper and the children. Their descend- 
ants were eleven children. Mrs. Harper is at present residing on her share 
of the property in Perry Township. 

Z. E. HARPER is one of the early natives of Noble County, and, there- 
fore, a pioneer in the strongest sense of the word. His mother gave him birth 
October 15, 1844, in the wilds of this then new country. His boyhood days 
were passed with the scenes before him of log cabin days, the excitement of the 
hunter's chase, the "log-rolling bees," and the days when the arrival of a new- 
comer was heralded as gladsome news. Thus he has "grown up with the 
country," and advanced with its advancement. Mr. Harper was married October 
26, 1865, to Sarah Carmean, at Go.shen. She is a native of Ohio, where she 
was born May 18, 1844. Four children have been born to them — Lida A., 
Vada, Mary L. and John. Mr. Harper owns 108 acres of excellent land, 
constituting a farm most desirable in its adaptability for agricultural and stock- 
raising purposes, in the latter branch of which Mr. Harper gives attention, 
besides buying and selling to some extent. 



PERRY TOWNSHIP. 357 

WILLIAM D. HAYS, born in Pickaway County, Ohio, April 21 1830 
was a son of Samuel and Jemima (Rittenhouse) Havs^'the f rme a nat ve of 
Maryland, the latter of Oh.o. They were married March 8, 1821, and wen 
to Pickaway County, Ohio, which place they made their h;me. When our 
subject was but four years of age, his mother died, and October 4, 1836 h" 
father married Marj Rutenhouse. In 1846, they moved to Indiana this 
county, and hved the.rest of their days. Mrs. Hays died June 4. 851 In 
her husband ched January 24, 1853. There were six children in Mr H.^ ' 
'?'S53 tL cTlT"''""' fj--.^^- S-i'h, a native of Ohio, Fcb^a^; 
W-1) Q 1 ^ t?" ".T^"' S'x-Jaraes, Rheuann, Luella, Hattie B 
\\ill.am S. and Samuel L Mr. Hays lives on the old homestead, and ow^.s 
500 acres of well-improved land. He is one of the most popular and opiTe t 
men 0/ tl>e county^ and served at one time as Township Truslee. ^ 

JOHiN HUE was born in England January 2, 1819, and came to America 
when ten years of age. He remained in Chester County, Penn., untHlSS* 
when he moved to Portage County. Ohio; stayed there two year , then came 
^o^y C°""'^^' I^J'jh'^;;^ he resided about' twenty-one years. F nally m 
I808, he came to Noble County, and located in Perry ToVnship, Section .5 
w here he now lives, ably conducting his farm of eighty acres. He was n arried 

\V7sor'ke:'r ^P;-'' S^^^"' |« ?--'^ a. mU wl. was"'!; it 
10, 18-1 rhey have had eleven chddren; eight of them are now living— 
Thomas W. WiH.am, George W., Mary A., Sarah E., Melinda j' John N 

T T twvv'"'' \'V'^ '''' ^^^^'^"^ A., Mattie and Emeline. 
nf tl,«n e7 «"^ f the prosperous farmers of Perry Township, is a native 

of he Hoosier S ate where he was born in Jay County, March 1 1841 He 
made his home with his parents, John and SaVah A. lite, until, at tlie age of 
wenty, he began work on his own responsibility. In 186^, he ^as d af fd in 
the army, and in company with his brother, .vent out with Company B Thirty 

M V l"2 1864 :"'"'■ '"/n^''-^' '"^ 'T'' ^'^™"g^ '"^^ remaiSdei^of'tl! 2. 
1 S4^. \ll \ Z7t ^^'V''' ^''■'^°''^'' ^-''^ ^^"^ born in Ohio, January 1, 
184,,. They then settled on their present farm, .vhich consists of eighty acres 

with the other buildings adds to the appearance of the place. They have seven 
SENlkMrH"^SSTF^ ^'r' CeoiK Lau'ra, Luella ail 'Xra!^" 
1«10 wi T . fi ^/^^;'^' b"""" '" K°^^ County, Ohio, April 1, 

ibl; tl ^ ' ^r' 1 ''-'' ^"' P'^'-^"'^ -^"^"l t° ^"irfield County,'ohio 

where then- home was located a number of years. In 1832. they maJ; thei; 
advent in Noble County, and here spent the remainder of their li/es Dec n" 
ber ol, 1835 Benjamin Hostetter and Elizabeth Shobe were united in matrL 
mony, and shortly succeeding this event he purchased 160 acres of the ^iTr 
land of this county, and built thereon a rude log cabin. This proved an If 

cZ::; "£%"„;'." ^b" '^'^ '°";^''"' ^'^ sun-oundingraremlSaT; 
changed. The farm has been enlarged to 220 acres, cultivated and improve;! 
by the untiring energy of Mr. Hostetter. His wife died in September ' 1847 
and he married Sanih Banner in 18.50. There are ten ehildrei in the famii; 
-^^icob, Zerilda, Ida H., Joel W., Mary, George, Effie, Nellie T., WiUarraml 

in I°s?sf ^ H^^ ^^^^^Ifu '' " "'fr^ "^ ^'""'^ C"*^"^^' Ohio, where he was born 
m 1818. He remained there until 1855, following the carpenter's trade • he then 
came to Indiana and settled in Perry Township, where his Is^ ation^ 
have been continued ever since. He was electeV'Lasurer o the ounty ^^ 



358 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

1878, and served one terra, upon the expiration of wliicli he returned to his farm, 
which consists of 160 acres of valuable land, well improved and conveniently lo- 
cated. In Sparta Township he has forty acres, and valuable property in Albion. 
He served his township as Assessor for eight years, and ranks as one of Noble 
County's most respected and honored citizens. In 1841, he was married to 
Lydia Gerber ; she died in 1851, leaving three children — Harriet Harper, 
Christina Harper and David — all residents of Perry Township. In the fall of 
1851, he was united to a second wife, Margaret Siramonds, a native of Penn- 
sylvania ; by her he has three children — Francis K. (residing in York Town- 
ship), Nancy McDaniel (of Sparta Township), and Helen E. 

J. N. KEEHN, a prosperous farmer of Perry Township, is a native of 
Stark County, Ohio. He is a son of John and Elizabeth Keehn, ami his birth 
occurred .June 11, 1835. At the age of nineteen, he left his native home, emi- 
grating to La Grange County, Ind., where he remained some length of time 
engaged in carpentering. He subsequently came to Noble County, and here 
was united in marriage with Harriet E. Shobe, December 15, 1861. During 
the rebellion, in 1864, he enlisted in the Thirteenth Indiana Regiment, Com- 
pany A. After one year's active service, he returned to this county, where he 
has since been a resident. Mr. and Mrs. Keehn have a family of four children 
— Charlie G., Lena A., Roy and Maud. Mr. Keehn owns 110 acres of good 
land, and has attained the third degree in Masonry. 

GEORGE W. McCONNELL is one of twelve children born to Alexander 
and Polly A. McConnell, nine of whom are now living. The father and mother 
were natives of Pennsylvania, the former born March 15, 1791, and the latter 
May 10, 1802. They came to Ohio when young, and were married in that 
State in 1818. In the year 1838, the senior McConnell made a trip to Noble 
County, Ind., and purchased 400 acres of land; after a short stay, he returned 
to his home in Ohio. He was a man of more than ordinary ability, and be- 
came prominent not only in his county, but in State affairs. He served as a 
soldier the last year of the war of 1812 ; was a Representative to the Legis- 
lature and a State Senator in Ohio ; officiated as President of the State Board 
of Public Works of that State, and was Associate Judge of Morgan County, 
where he lived for some time. The elder Mr. and Mrs. McConnell both died 
in Ohio ; he October 12. 1853, and she May 20, 1872. George W., the 
representative of this sketch, is a native of Morgan County, Ohio, born March 
10, 1822. In 1849, he went to California, during the gold excitement, and 
for three years worked in the mines. He then returned to his home in Ohio ; 
in 1853, after a short stay, he came to Noble County. January 28, 1855, was 
married to Cornelia Egbert. About two years after this, in 1857, Mr. Mc- 
Connell moved to Ohio, but after a stay there of three years, he returned to 
this locality and settled where he now lives. They have had four children — 
Washington A., Robert E. (deceased), Oliver A., and James B. Mrs. Mc- 
Connell is a native of Pennsylvania, where she was born February 6, 1835. 
Mr. McConnell was at one time the proprietor of the Rochester Flouring Mills, 
in this township, which he operated for some time. He now lives upon a farm 
of 160 acres with good surroundings ; has been Township Trustee two years, 
and wields considerable influence in his community. 

CHARLES MUNROE is a native of New York, where he was born 
June 8, 1807. His father died when he was quite young, leaving him to the 
care of his mother, with whom, when he was about ten years old, he came to 
Ohio ; there he passed his life until his maturity, when he married Harriet 



PERRY TOWNSHIP. 359 

Burroughs, in September, 1828. In the year 1853, Mr. Munroe moved with 
his family to Noble County, where he has since been engaged in agricultural 
pursuits. He possesses a farm of eighty acres in Perry Township, upon which 
he makes his home. Mr. and Mrs. Munroe have reared a family of nine 
children to maturity, all of whom are married and have established homes of 
their own, excepting the youngest, a girl, who still resides under the old 
parental roof. 

JOHN REESE is a native of Germany, where he was born June 15, 
1826, and one who braved the storms of the Atlantic for a home in America. 
He landed in New York and from there went to Buffalo, where he remained 
about six months, and during that time was united in marriage with Elizabeth 
Peters. Soon after, he came to Wawaka, Ind., and resided there or in the 
vicinity about nine years, when he came to Ligonier and established himself on 
the farm whore he now lives, surrounded by the comforts of home life. Mr. 
and Mrs. Reese have had eight children — Manda, Lizzie, Flenrictta, Daniel, 
Frank, Albert, Sarah (deceased) and John. They are members of the German 
Methodist Church. Mr. Reese owns seventy-three acres of excellent farming 
land, and is counted in every way a first-class farmer and worthy citizen. 

H. D. ROGERS was born in New York October 24, 1818, which was 
his home for some years, after which he passed his time in Pennsylvania, until 
he reached the age of twenty-two. He then went to Ohio, where he engaged 
in the lumber and hardware business. In the year 1854, Mr. Rogers pushed 
farther west to Goshen, Ind. After a short stay of two months in that place, 
he made another change, coming to Noble County. Here, for some time, he 
was engaged in bridge-building, subsequently settling in Rochester, this 
Township, and engnging in the manufacture of brick. After following this for 
a period, he purchased the saw-mill now owned and operated by him, in the 
manufacture of lumber; also owns twenty-three lots in Rochester. Mr. 
Rogers' first marriage was to Betsey Sturtevant, in Pennsylvania, in 1839, 
from whom he was divorced in 1854. His second marriage was with Sarah 
Marsh, in 1855, in Sturgis, Mich.; she was born in Pennsylvania April 11, 
1814. He is the father of five children. 

WILLIAM SHOWALTER, one of six children, was born in La Grange 
County, Ind., March 25, 1855, and lived at home until about twenty-four 
years old. His parents are David and Mary Showalter, both natives of Vir- 
ginia, where they were married in 1849. The former was born March 4, 
1825, the latter March 21, 1832. In 1852, they came to La Grange County, 
Ind., where they are now living. He has been an extensive land-owner, and 
now has 330 acres. William Showalter followed teaching six years, and in 
1879, May 21, he was married to Ella Hitler. Her parents were Ohioans, 
but she is a native of Noble County, where she was born May 8, 1854. A 
short time after his marriage, Mr. Showalter came to Noble County and settled 
in Perry Township, on Section 16. He possesses 80 acres of good f\irming 
land, upon which are fine buildings, including a brick residence. In addition 
to his agricultural pursuits, he is engaged extensively in stock-dealing. They 
have no cliildren. Mr. Showalter is a prosperous farmer and a genial gentle- 
man. 

JAMES SILBURN is a son of James and Hannah Silburn, who were 
natives of England, where they were married, and about the year 1829 
emigrated to America, settling in Ohio. Here Mrs. Silburn died April 3, 
1864, and two years later her husband sold his property and came to Indiana, 



360 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

where he is now living with his children. Mr. Silburn was born January 1, 
1800, and his wife March 7, 1807. James Silburn, the subject, was one of 
eight children and was born January 10, 1833. He was married to Samantha 
A. Bower September 29, 1874. They have no children. Mr. Silburn 
possesses 140 acres of good farming land, and is a prosperous and valued citi- 
zen. 

ADAM SIMMONS, native of Pennsylvania, born February 13, 1831, 
is one of eight children born to Jacob and Frances Simmons. The father was 
a native of Pennsylvania, born December 8, 1798, the mother also of Pennsyl- 
vania, born November, 1799. They were married in Pennsylvania in 1836 ; 
moved to Stark County. Ohio; resided there until 1856, when they came to 
Noble County, Perry Township, and lived the rest of their days. He died 
April 20, 1868; she died February 4, 1874. Adam Simmons came here with 
his parents and lived with them on his father's farm, which consisted of 160 
acres of land. He was married in Pennsylvania, December, 1855, to Miss 
Margaret Barr, native of Pennsylvania, born in 1838. She died in Noble 
County March 5, 1861, and in 1871, April 16, he married Elizabeth Klick ; 
she was born in Ohio February 22, 1844. In 1875, Mr. Simmons located 
his home in Section 32. His farm consists of 120 acres of fine land. They 
have six children — Ramah D., born May 6. 1872 ; Alvin E., August 8, 1873; 
Franklin B.. April 15,1876; Hurry W., August 28, 1877; Carl VV., June 
10, 1879; and Gracie M., born February 8, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Simmons 
are members of the Christian Church, and are good citizens. 

THOMAS SIMMONS was born in Stark County, Ohio, July 10, 1851, 
the son of Jonathan and Sarah Simmons, who moved to Noble County when 
Thomas was about seven years old. His school opportunities were the average 
of those of the locality where he lived. Believing in the advantages of a 
trade, he became a shoemaker. This business he followed for about five years, 
when he sold out and went to farraino;; this calling he has been engaged in fjr 
the past seven years. Mr. Simmons lives on that part of the old farm 
inherited from his parents. He owns 24 acres of fine land, comfortably 
improved. November 1, 1876, he married Miss Rosa Sisterhen, a native of 
Ohio, born April 5, 1854. ■ Her parents were natives of Germany. Mr. and 
Mrs. Simmons have one child — Harry, born August 8, 1877. They have the 
good will of their community, and. being young, have the possibilities of a 
satisfactory future before them. 

CHRISTIAN SLABAUGH has been a resident of this county since 
1863, having been engaged in farming and a dealer in stock to a considerable 
extent. His farm consists of 201 acres of excellent land, well located, and 
affording an abundant revenue The family consists of himself and wife and 
three cliildren, viz., Sidney, Willard and Olie. Mr. Slabaugh was born in 
Clay County, Ind., September 29, 1845, where he lived until about eight years 
old, when his parents moved to Elkhart County, and in 1863 to Noble County 
— Christian living at home during this time. In the year 1869, Mr. Slabaugh 
was united in marriage with Catherine Bowsher, January 22. She was born 
in Noble County, where her parents still reside, December 2, 1851. The result 
of this union is the birth of the above-named children, and they have a well 
ordered home. 

ELIAS E. SLABAUGH was born in Lancaster County, Penn., February 
14, 1818, where he remained until fourteen years of age ; then, in company with 
his parents, came to Ohio. When he had arrived at the age of twenty, he went 



PERRY TOWNSHIP. 361 

to Fairfield County, that State, where he was married to Mary Vertz, in Janu- 
ary, 18-11. They soon went to Owen County, Ind., and from there to Elk- 
hart County, and then to this county, and made a home on the farm where he 
now lives, being among the early settlers. They have reared a family of five 
children, viz. : Eliza J., William H., Christian E., Nancie and Isaac M. Mr. 
Slabaugh has been an extensive land-owner ; but having more than the ordi- 
nary paternal care for his children, has divided his possessions among thera, 
and thus starting them with comfortable homes. His fiirm now comprises 174 
acres, with good and productive soil. 

BENJxlMIN F. SMITH is one of a family of six children, and was born 
in Ohio, on tlie 12th day of August, 1837. His parents were Jacob and 
Abigail Smith, who were also natives of the Buckeye State, where the father 
died, leaving the care of the family to the mother. She was a woman of ster- 
ling qualities ; and about four years after her husband's death, removed to 
Indiana, settling in Noble County, where she remained until her death, in 1879. 
Benjamin came to Indiana with his mother, and April 25, 1861, was married 
to Charity Lane, a nativeof this county, where she was born February 21, 1844. 
Seven children have been born to this couple, viz. : Emma, G. Ellis, Hattie 
E;, Franklin F., Howard G., William H. and Sarah. Mr. Smith owns a large 
farm, consisting of 231 acres of land, and is a genial, pleasant neighbor. 

THERON TEAL was born in Ohio August 19, 1831. His parents, 
George and Nancy Teal, emigrated to Indiana and settled in Elkhart County, 
bringing their family with them, when Theron was about six years old. After 
two years' residence in Elkhart County, they removed to this county and town- 
ship, locating on Section 21. Thus it was that Theron Teal, in his youth and 
early manhood, was reared midst the surroundings of pioneer life, and receiv- 
ing the advantages of those times. December 25, 1857, he was married to 
Elizabeth Simmons, who was a native of Stark County, Ohio, where she was born 
December 8, 1838. After about eighteen months, they moved to Jefferson 
Township, this county, remaining there two years, when they returned to the 
old homestead, subsequently purchasing a farm in Section 24, this township. 
Upon this they lived until 1881, when it was sold, and another farm purchased 
in Section 25, where they now live. Mr. and Mrs. Teal belong to the Seventh 
Day Advent Church, and their influence for good is felt in their community. 
They have a family of eight childen, all living at home, viz. : Elmer S., Mor- 
ton R., Logan L., Ora B., George E., James M., Mina V. and Rosa S. 

GEORGE TEAL (deceased), a native of Franklin County, Va., was a 
pioneer of Perry Tosvnship. The Teal family are of Swiss and German an- 
cestry, who settled in Maryland in the latter half of the seventeenth century. 
George Teal was born the 28th of July, 1799, and with his parents removed 
to Ohio about the year 1806. His mother's maiden name was Neff, and her 
maternal ancestors were named Sayler. The subject was married, in 1826, to 
Miss Nancy Brower, daughter of Abraham and Elizabeth (Harter) Brower, and 
when he came to this county, in the spring of 1837, had seven children. A 
brother, Joseph Teal, came with them, and is yet living where he first settled 
on Section 21, the subject going into Elkhart County, near Benton, removing, 
in the spring of 1840, to a farm adjoining his brother's, in Perry Township. 
In 1865, he went to Ligonier, but soon after purchased and removed to a farm 
south of Wawaka. In about seven years, he again sold out and returned to 
Ligonier. Afcer a few months' sojourn at Kendallville, he purchased a home 
on Cavin street, where he died in September, 1876, at the age of seventy- 



362 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

:~c ven years one month and seventeen days, and was buried in the Ligonier 
netery. The widow of Mr. Teal is living with her son, Dr. J. M. Teal, at 
K dallville. Of eleven children born to them, nine are yet living, eight in 
thib 'ounty. Their last born died in infancy in 1849, and Elizabeth, their 
sixth child, who married Lott G. Carr, died in November,- 1856, leaving an 
infant daughter, who was reared by Grandmother Teal, and is now Mrs. Shobe, 
of Ligonier. Dewitt C, the eldest, and G. A. are blacksmiths in Ligonier. 
Dr. Norman Teal was in the medical department of the array, and is now 
practicing medicine and surgery in Kendallville. Theron is a farmer near 
Ligonier. Rebecca, the fifth child, but first daughter, is now Mrs. A. P. 
Frink, of Kendallville. George B. is a hardware merchant of Kendallville. 
Albert, who was the first born Hoosier, has been for the past twelve years 
postal clerk on the U. P. Railway. He was a soldier in Company B of the 
Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was wounded in the right 
elbow at Resaca, Ga., in May, 1864. Harriet, now Mrs. Moffit, resides with 
her mother in Kendallville. Dr. J. M. Teal, dentist, the youngest of the sur- 
viving children, is living in Kendallville. In politics, the family were Whigs 
until the organization of the Republican party, with which they have since 
been identified. 

ISAAC WEIMER was one of five children, and was born in Pennsyl- 
vania September 2, 1809. His parents — John and Elizabeth Weimer — were 
natives of the State of Pennsylvania, where they lived and where they died. 
Here Isaac Weimer lived until about twenty-two years of age. In 1837, he 
came to Indiana and settled in Goshen, where he remained and in the vicinitv 
until 1S56, when he came to this county, his present home. While in Goshen, 
he was married to Elizabeth Stawder July 26, 1849. She died January 9. 
1851. August 11, 1853, he married a second time, to Lydia Bronson, a native 
of New York. Mr. Weimer has a family of five children — Catharine E., Mary 
L., Loretha C, Loretta E. and Abraham W. He owns eighty acres of good, 
well-improved farming land, and is a worthy citizen. 

DR. CHARLES WOODRUFF is a native of New York State, where he 
was born March 17, 1817. His parents — Andrew and Rebecca Woodruff — 
were natives of Connecticut. When Charles was about seven years old, they 
moved from New York State to Ohio, where they died, he in 1849 and she in 
1876. They were the parents of eleven children. Charles Woodruff, in his 
younger days, followed tailoring. In the year 1838, November 4, in Ohio, he 
was married to Jane Landon. She was born September 5, 1816, in the State 
where they were married. They came to Albion, this county, in 1853, where 
he entered upon the practice of his profession as a physician. In the spring 
of 1869, he moved to Ligonier, where he was connected with the drug busi- 
ness, also doing office practice, until 1879, when he sold out to his son. Dr. G. 
S., and retired from active business. Dr. Woodruff and wife belong to the 
Wesleyan M. Church. He has for some time preached for the denomination. 
They have four children — Orson L., Allen, George S. and Rollin C. The 
Doctor is the owner of thirty-two acres of land where he lives, and the possessor 
of town property, to the extent of three acres, with two houses on it. He has 
filled the office of Justice of the Peace and is a gentleman of pleasant and 
genial bearing. His son, George S., studied medicine with his father, and 
attended lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1866 and 1867, subsequently at- 
tended the Eclectic Medical College at Cincinnati. He was associated with 
his father in the drug business in Ligonier, and whose interest he purchased in 



PERRY TOWNSHIP. 363 

1879. Me also does an office practice. Was married, in 1870, to Miss Elinor 
Smith. They have two children — Ernest and Charles A. 

A. YORKEY was born in Germany December 14, 1841. His parents 
emigrated to this country in 1852, our subject coming over with them. After 
remaining in New York City a short time, they came west to Buffalo, and in 
about a year came to Noble County, where the mother died August 1, 1866. She 
was born in 1824. The elder Yorkey was born in 1814. For a second wife, 
he married a Miss Cree. He is the father of five children, two by his first 
wife and three by the second. A. Yorkey was the eldest of the children. He 
was married to Sarah Flannagan November 15, 1868. They have a family of 
three children — Ambrose H., John A., Bertha S. He served in the army 
against the rebellion, entering in 1863 and remaining until the close of the 
war. His wife was born October 15, 1851. They belong to the Catholic 
Church. He owns seventy-two acres of land ; is frugal and industrious. 



TOWN OF ALBION. 

ADAMS, PALMER & CO., general merchandise, is a firm of recent 
organization. They have rented for a term of years the Clapp Block, consist- 
ing of two fine and commodious storerooms, which they have stocked with an 
e.xtensive and complete line of dry goods, groceries, notions, etc., and are pre- 
pared to do an extensive trade. Their stock is new, having been purchased 
expressly for their new store by J. H. Palmer, who, although a young man, is 
old in business experience. Mr. T. E. Adams is a native of Whitley County, 
Ind., and son to Andrew and Eliza (Elliott) Adams. His father is a farmer 
and extensive stock-dealer, to which he has given his especial attention. T. E. 
was associated with his father in stock dealing until the formation of the busi- 
ness partnership with J. H. Palmer in April. 1881. Mr. J. H. Palmer is also 
a native of Whitley County, Ind., and for several years connected with the 
business interests of Columbia City, subsequently becoming a commercial trav- 
eler for a Chicago house. He brings to the firm good executive and business 
attributes. 

E. M. ALSBAUGH, tinware, stoves, etc., is one of the young and en- 
terprising business men of Albion. He is a native of Michigan, and at the 
age of seventeen a student of his trade at Kendallville, Ind., where he re- 
mained for over three years. He next was employed at Wolcottville for one 
and one-half years, going from thence to Albion, and entering the employ of 
Markey & Walter, with whom he remained for two and one-half years. In 
April, 1880, encouraged by the leading business men, he began his business 
career at Albion, .and is at present establishing a fine, lucrative and honorable 
trade. He manufactures all kinds of tinware, making a specialty of tin 
roofing and spouting, and carries a large line of stoves. 

ALEX AUMOND, Deputy County Auditor, is a native of Canada. In 
1866 he came to the United States, where he has since been identified. He 
came to Noble County in 1875, and in 1878 became an assistant of the County 
offices, first entering the Recorder's office, subsequently the office of County 
Clerk, and since 1879 has been connected with the Auditor's office. He is a 
valuable officer, being thoroughly posted in the routine and execution of County 
affairs. 



364 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES! 

SAMUEL E. ALVORD is a native of Bradford County, Penn, where 
he was born in 1824. His father, Nathan Alvord, was an eminent physician, 
having a large and varied practice, and resided in Pennsylvania until his death. 
Samuel E. received an academic education, and remained in his native county 
until the age of twenty-two years. In 1847, he began reading law at Troy, 
Penn., continuing until 1849, when he came to Noble County, and employed 
the first winter after his arrival in teaching school at Rome City. In the .spring 
of 1850, he came to Albion and commenced the publication of a Democratic 
newspaper called the Albion Observer, continuing the same with varying suc- 
cess until 185-3, at which time it was discontinued, and Mr. Alvord was admitted 
to the bar. He studied and practiced this profession until 1855, when he was 
elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, serving in that capacity four years, during 
which period he was connected for two years with the Noble County Democrat. 
At the expiration of his clerkship he resumed the practice of law, continuing 
thus until 1872, when he began publishing the New Era, conducting the same 
until January, 1876, when he again returned to the law. During the autumn 
of 1876, he was again elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, and is still the 
incumbent of that office. Mr. Alvord has acquired a broad scholarship in all 
the avenues of literature, and has trained himself to the severest logic and dis- 
cipline. His genius is decidedly literary, and is eminently recognizod through- 
out Northern Indiana. Prior to the war, though a Democrat, he was a " Free- 
Soiler ;" and later, was an earnest War Democrat, warmly espousing the 
enlistment of men, and the vigorous prosecution of the war. His literary pro- 
ductions are characterized by great beauty of expression, broad and thoughtful 
analysis of human motives, and a sternly realistic view of life that penetrates 
all shams and pours the focal light of hard, common sense upon all problems 
involved in darkness. His marriage with Miss Julia Sweet was solemnized in 
November, 1851. Four children have blessed this union — Lillie Engle, Edsall, 
Nathan and Edith. 

ABEL BARNUM, a wealthy farmer of Albion, was born June 30, 
1821, in Fairfield County, Conn., and was the fourth of seven children of Piatt 
and Alethea (Barnum) Barnum, who were natives of the same State, and 
farmers by occupation. Abel was removed in infancy, with his parents, from 
Connecticut to New York, locating in Sullivan County. His educational ad- 
vantages were limited. His father died when Abel was but ten yeara of age. 
In 1844, he emigrated to and located in this county, where he purchased 
160 acres of timber land, which he worked at clearing in summer and taught 
8chool in winter. His school-teaching experience closed in 1848, after which 
he devoted his time to iarming exclusively, subsequently adding to his land, 
increasing it to 240 acres. Mr. Barnum is a thorough and systematic farmer ; 
was an adherent of the Whig party till 1854, when he allied himself to the 
Republicans. In 1852, he was elected Justice of the Peace, and served satis- 
factorily for five years, and is respected by all. On April 30, 1848, he was 
married to Miss Jane Sweet, of Jefferson Township, Noble County, a daughter 
of Hon. Jerome Sweet, one of the early settlers, who came to Jefferson 
Township in 1842, where he resided until his death, in 1861). Mrs. Barnum 
is a lady of culture and many amiable traits of character. They have two 
children — one son, Orlo P., born January 22, 1851, and one daughter, 
Alethea, born December 5, 1852. 

JOHN H. BAUGHMAN, abstract office, is a son of Samuel and Chris- 
tina (Young) Baughman, who were residents of Ashland County, Ohio, over 



TOWN OF ALBION. 365 

thirty years prior to coming to Noble County. In 1852, they located in Allen 
Township, where the father followed blacksmithing and farming. Of a family 
of ten children, eight are living — Henry, Cornelia Garver, Francis, Hannah 
Cribbs, Newton, John H., Mary J. Southworth and Amy I. Ihrie. The 
father and mother are now living in retirement at Lisbon. John H., at the age 
of seventeen, left the farm home of his father, and entered his brother's store 
at Lisbon, as clerk, where he remained until the winter of 1864, when ho en- 
listed in Company C, One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana Volunteer In- 
fantry, remaining in the service nine months, when he was injured and was 
compelled to return home, resigning a Second Lieutenant's commission. Soon 
after his return, he was appointed Postmaster at Lisbon, and for one year ran 
a grocery store in connection. For a period of several years Mr. Baughman 
was engaged in various occupations, and for two years was unable to attend to 
business on account of ill-health. He finally went to Monticello, Ind., and 
learned telegraphy, and in September, 1871, entered upon the duties of opera- 
tor on tlie G. R. & I. R. R., at Kendallville. In 1872, he was elected Re- 
corder of the county by a majority of ninety votes, and re elected for a second 
term by a majority of nearly 500, serving the two terras with popular favor. 
Mr. Baughman was married in March, 1871, to Miss Hannah Tyler. They 
have one child — Trever Day. The abstract office of Mr. Baughman is in 
Stone's new block. The experience gained in the Recorder's office eminently 
fits him for his present business. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. 

OWEN BLACK, retired, is a native of Lancaster County. Penn., where 
he was born in 1815. His parents were Peter and Martha (Amos) Black, 
natives of Maryland, and settlers in Ohio in 1833, where they resided for twenty 
years, removing to Indiana in 1853, locating in Noble County, where they re- 
mained the remainder of their lives, his father's death occurring October 23, 1862, 
his mother's .June 28, 1872. Owen was the second of ten children ; his early 
duties were connected with farm life, until he attained his majority, when he 
learned the carpenter's trade; following that in connection with farming, until 
he came to Indiana. For two years, he was engaged in farming, at the expira- 
tion of which period he came to Albion, and began a successful business career. 
He was connected with the dry goods trade for fifteen years ; built the first 
grist-mill in Albion ; also erected two saw-mills and numerous dwelling houses 
and business blocks. He has 380 acres of fine farming land in Noble County. 
and 800 acres in Kansas. After an active business life, he has retired to the 
enjoyment of well-earned prosperity. He devoted considerable of his time to 
traveling in 1878, taking a trip across the ocean and visiting several countries 
upon the continent. Mr. Black was married, in 1838, to Miss Elizabeth Goss, 
a native of Richland County, Ohio, where her people settled in 1815. Two 
sons are descendants of this marriage — Jackson D. and Owen J., both young 
and promising business men of Albion. 

JACKSON D. BLACK, merchant, is the senior partner of Black & 
Bros., an enterprising firm of Albion. Mr. Black is a native of Richland 
County, Ohio, and son of Owen Black, one of the old settlers and prominent 
merchants of Noble County. Jackson became associated with his father as an 
assistant about 1860, continuing until 1867, when he became a partner, under 
firm name of Owen Black & Son, which connection remained until 1870, when 
his father's interest was taken by D. S. Love, and the business continued until 
1872, when Mr. Love retired, and he continued in business alone until 1880, 
when his brother, Owen J. Black, became a partner. Mr. Black sufi'ered the 



366 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

entire loss of his stock, valued at $11,000, by fire, in 1879, but nothing daunted, 
however, he resumed business immediately, and is at present doing an im- 
mense trade, which he richly deserves. He was married, in 1870, to Miss 
Minerva Young, a native of Pennsylvania, and resident of Noble County. They 
have three chihlren — Albort, Bessie and an infant. 

CHARLES BOETCHER, miller. Among the industries of Noble 
County, there is none more complete in mechanical structure than the new and 
extensive flouring-mills of Hyter & Boetcher. Mr. Boetcher, the resident 
manager and miller, is a native of Wheeling, W. Va. His parents subsequently 
became residents of Cambridge, Guernsey County, Ohio, where our subject has 
resided the greater portion of his life, transacting business connected with mill- 
ing interests the most of his time. About 1872, he removed to Illinos, where 
he remained for eight years, being connected with a saw-mill while there. In 
August, 1880, he came to Albion, and purchased the milling inierest of Mr. 
Ludlow, who, with Mr. Hyter, had started the " Paragon " Mills of Albion, in 
January, 1880. Since that time, Mr. Boetcher has had the exclusive manage- 
ment of the mills. The " Paragon " Mills are furnished with new and improved 
machinery from the Bass Foundry Machine Works of Fort Wayne, Ind., and 
presents a model appearance. They have four runs of stone driven by steam 
power, and operated and managed by an intelligent and enterprising gentleman; 
is an institution of which the people of Albion are justly proud. Mr. Boetcher 
was married, in 1879, to Miss Elmina Moore, of Ohio, she is a native of Wash- 
ington County, Penn. They have three children — Laura P., George M. and 
Cliarles W. Mr. Boetchler is a member of the L 0. 0. F., of .\.lbion. 

PHILIP BOWMAN, retired farmer, is one of the representative pioneers 
of Noble County. He is a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, and was a 
resident of the '• Buckeye " State until twenty-eight years of age. when, in 
1844, he emigrated to Indiana, and settled in the woods of York Township, 
Noble County. Here he commenced the task of clearing and developing his 
land, remaining a resident of that township and identified with the growth, 
improvements and advancements until 1878, wiien he retired from active life, 
yielding the management of his farm to his son Jay, and became a resident of 
Albion. Mr. Bowman served York Township as Justice of the Peace for eight 
years, and was one of its most respected citizens. He formed a matrimonial 
alliance, in 1842, with Miss Lydia Harlan, also a native of Columbiana County, 
Ohio. She departed this life in 1857, leaving three children — Mary C. Mc- 
Ewen, of Brimfield, Noble County ; Jay. married to Miss Lucinda Mack, and 
residing on the homestead fivrm ; and Serenes, a business man of Albion. In 
1866, Mr. Bowman was united to a second wife, Widow Mary M. Bowman. 
They have one child — Elmer. 

SARAH A. BRADLEY, hotel, has been associated in the hotel and 
board inff-house business since 1860, wiien she boutrht the house now known as 
the Bradley Hotel, which she conducted until 1879. when she leased it for a 
term of years, and engaged in keeping a first-class boarding-house. It is her 
intention to refit and improve the Bradley House, and conduct it as a first-class 
hotel. The traveling public generally who place themselves under the care of 
Mrs. Bradley, will find a plentiful table and a homelike house. 

JUDGE WILLIAM M. CLAPP. deceased, whose portrait appears in 
this work, was for many years a prominent citizen of Noble County. He was 
born December 18, 1817, in Tolland County, Conn., and was the eighth child 
of Stephen and Mary (Loomis) Clapp, who were farmers, and natives of the 



TOWN OF ALBION. 367 

same State. The Clapp family is of Danish descent, and their lineage is 
recorded back to 1025. Descendants of this family emigrated to America in 
1630. William M. Clapp is a descendant of Thomas, one of three brothers 
who settled in Massachusetts in 1633, and is of the seventh generation in the 
United States. In his youth, he assisted upon the farm for nine months of 
each year, and attended school irregularly the remaining three months. At 
the age of six, his parents removed to Ashtabula County, Ohio. Here he pursued 
his studies upon every occasion offered, committing to memory the coarse print 
of Murray's Grammar while employed in his f^ither's sugar bush. At the age 
<if seventeen, he thought himself fitted to teach, and accordingly secured a 
school. He soon found that he could not manage the large and disorderly 
scholars to his satisfaction and resigned. He then, in the following spring, went 
to Burton, Ohio, where for eighteen months he clerked in a dry goods store, 
subsequently in the same capacity at Mantua, Franklin and Chester, Ohio. 
He was next in association with a man named Johnson, in the commercial 
trade. Johnson, however, proved insolvent, and this enterprise terminated in 
disaster. After vainly seeking employment, he finally fell in with a gentleman 
and his wife who were on their way to Kentucky as school teachers, and who 
persuaded him to join them. He landed at Marysville, Ky-, with a $1 bill on 
an Ohio bank, which proved to be of no value, as the bank failed. After a 
time he secured a school, and followed teaching successfully for over two years, 
saving about .fi400 : he then returned to Ohio. His early ambition having been 
for the profession of law, he determined to direct his attention to that profession. 
He purchased a horse, and, with some provisions and clothing in a pair of sad- 
dle bags, started for Indiana. Upon reaching Peru, he entered the law office 
of E. P. Loveland, and remained for one and one-half years in diligent study. 
He was then granted a license to practice in the State, his parchment bearing 
date of March, 1843. The following April, he located at Augusta, then the 
county seat of Noble County. Here he entered upon his practice, following 
the migration of the county seat to Port Mitchell in 1814r, and finally to Albion 
in 1847. To Mr. Clapp is due, probably more than any other one man, that 
Albion became the county seat. In 1848. he formed a co-partnership with H. 
H. Hitchcock in the mercantile trade. In 1840, Mr. Hitchcock retired, and 
Mr. Clapp conducted this businees alone until 18ii8, when he associated with 
him C. B. Phillips, and in 1873, W. W. White became a member of the firm. 
In 187-5, Mr. Clapp disposed of his interest, but it again fell into his hands in 
1876. He was also interested in a woolen-mill at Rome City for several years. 
His banking business began as a company affair, but in 1875 he secured the 
entire interest, which he conducted, in connection with his sons, until his death. 
His professional and business ventures were, upon the whole, successful, and 
secured for him a large fortune. He was reared a Whig, and upon the forma- 
tion of the Republican party, became and remained a strict adherent to its 
men and measures. In 1845, he was elected Auditor of the county, and served 
five years. In 1856, he was chosen to represent his district in the State 
Legislature for two years. He was elected Judge of the Nineteenth Common 
Pleas Court in 1860, and held the office by re-elections until it was abolished 
in 1873. From this period until his death January 5, 1881. he employed his 
time in looking to his various interests in and around Albion. Judge Clapp was a 
Royal Arch Mason, and a citizen whose virtues were so well known that they 
do not need to be eulogized. He was united in marriage in 1847 to Miss Mary 
A. Skinner. She died November, 1875, leaving three children — William Frank 



368 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

and Charles M.. of Albion ; ami Adella Starr, of Ohio. Judge Clapp was 
united to a second wife. Miss Angle Skinner, December 25, 1877. She was 
a cousin of his former wife, and is an estimable lady and valued member of 
society. 

WILLIAM FRANK CLAPP, capitalist and merchant, a son of William 
M. and Mary A. (Skinner) Clapp. He was born in Albion in 1853, and had 
good educational advantages, finishing at Ann Arbor, Mich. At the time of 
his father's death, and for awhile previous, he was associated as cashier in his 
father's bank. He is now established in merchandising and is building up a 
lar<Te trade. He also represents several first-class fire and life insurance com- 
panies, and, in connection with his brother, Charles M., he is the owner of 
valuable real estate in Albion. To the material growth of the town, he is 
doin" his share by the erection of substantial business blocks. In all of this, 
Frank shows an enterprising business spirit. He is genial and liberal and 
takes an active interest in the public advancement. Although young in years, 
he makes his presence felt, and strikes out like one with an older head. He is 
a member of the Masonic order — Chapter and Commandery; was married, in 
July, 1881, to Miss A. Smith, of Columbia City. 

CHARLES M. CLAPP, banker and capi"talist, son of William M. and 
Mary A. (Skinner) Clapp, was born in Albion, December, 1855, where he has 
since lived and been identified. He was engaged in the hardware trade one 
year, and then in association with his father until his death. He was appointed 
to administer his father's estate, and in the fall of 1881 resumed the banking 
business, starting the Bank of Albion upon his own responsibility. Mr. Clapp, 
although yet young in years, is a careful and able financier, and has embarked 
upon a successful business career. He is largely interested in real estate arid 
is assisting in building up Albion. He was married, in November, 1878, to 
Miss Flora B. Woodruff. They have one child — Fred R. 

A. J. DENLAR is a native of Germany. He came with his parents to 
America in 1851. His father, who was a sailor, was soon after drowned, and' 
his mother emigrated to Fairfield County, Ohio, where she had relatives. She 
subsequently remarried and came to Whitley County, Ind., where our subject 
passed his earlier years — since thirteen years of age upon his own resources. He 
learned the baker's trade at Columbia City, and followed that calling in various 
localities until 1873, when he came to Albion and became an assistant upon the 
construction of the B. & 0. R. R., subsequently engaging at his trade there. 
His next move was to Columbia City, where for eighteen months he engaged 
at working at his trade. Returning to Albion, he soon after, under firm name 
of Dcnlar & Frazure, embarked in the restaurant business, which was success- 
fully prosecuted until fire destroyed his property. He then engaged in busi- 
ness for himself, which he carried on successfully until the fall of 1881, when 
he sold out and embarked in his present enterprise. He has now a business 
room which he erected himself, and is conducting a quiet and first-class busi- 
ness. He has served upon the Town Board and is a member of the Masonic 
order. He married, in 1873, Miss Alice F. Frazure, of Albion. They have 
three children — Melvin F., Catherine E. and Leona. 

JAMES M. DENNY, lawyer, was born October 29, 1827, in Eaton, 
Preble Co., Ohio. His parents, John and Mary (McConnell) Denny, were na- 
tives, respectively, of Virginia and Pennsylvania. Walter Denny, grandfather 
of James, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. James' father was elected 
Associate Judge of the Circuit Court in Preble County, serving for several years. 



TOWN OF ALBION. 369 

When James iM. was five years of age, the family removed from Ohio to Indiana, 
locating in Perry Township, Noble County; when a boy, he assisted his father 
on the farm, and received a good academic education. He taught school four 
terms, pursuing his studies at leisure hours. His industry and manifest inter- 
est in the advancement of his pupils secured for him confidence and esteem. In 
1849, he entered, as a student at law, the office of William j\I. Clapp, of Albion, 
under whose instruction he read for about two years, when he entered the legal 
department of a school at Ballston Springs, N. Y., from which he graduated 
in March, 1853. He returned to Albion and began the practice of his profes- 
sion, but close application produced fiiiling health, which eventually compelled 
him to abandon active labor, yet he still transacted the amount of business that 
well-directed prudence would justify. He has also spent much time in the 
preparation and delivery of lectures, orations and essays on man}' subjects of 
interest. His productions are clear, forcible and convincing. Mr. Denny is a 
man of extensive reading and thoughtful reflection. He is a Royal Arch Mason, 
and his pen is ready and fearless in the defense and support of the principles of 
the order so dear to him. His lecture entitled, " Charles Sumner as an E.xam- 
ple to Young Men," and one on the " Sabbath School," delivered at Kendall- 
ville, are especially worthy of notice, and many other efforts are full of merit. 
He is an adherent of the Democratic party, and has held positions of honor and 
trust. In 1859, he was elected Treasurer of Noble County, and re-elected in 
1861. Mr. Denny is orthodox in his views, and an attendant of the Presby- 
terian Church, of which his wife is a member. He was married, January 1, 1856, 
to Miss Frances J. Plumstead, of Portage City, Wis., who died September 9, 
1866, leaving two sons. The eldest. Watts P., is filling the position as Princi- 
pal of Rome City School, and James 0. also a teacher. Mr. Denny was married 
again September 10, 1868, to Miss Julia A. Kiblinger, of Albion. He is a 
courteous and genial gentleman, and commands the respect and esteem of all 
who know him. While not in the enjoyment of robust health, his correct and 
temperate habits seem to assure him a long life. 

T. M. EELLS, lawyer, is a native of Ohio, born in Columbiana County, in 
1843, where he passed his early life upon a farm. At the breaking-out of the 
rebellion, he enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio Volun- 
teer Infantry, and remained in service nearly three years. Upon his return to 
Ohio, he decided upon the study of law, and soon after entered the Ohio Union 
Law College, of Cleveland, from which institution he graduated in 1866, when he 
came to Albion and commenced the practice of his profession, at which he is en- 
gaged. He has served the county as Superintendent of Schools and as Exam- 
iner. He was married, in 1871, to Miss Sarah A. Phenicie, also a native of 
Ohio. They have two children — Mabel and Charles. 

FRED GAPPINGER, tanner, has been for over twenty years a promi- 
nent and successful business man of Albion. He is a native of Germany, and 
an emigrant to America in 1849, and soon after located in Carroll County, Ohio, 
where he carried on a tannery for a number of years. He came to Albion in 
1861, since which time he has been at the head of the tanning and leather inter- 
ests there. His business has been successful, and conducted in strict honor and 
integrity. He was married in Carroll County, Ohio, in 1855, to Miss Margaret 
Miller. They have eight children — Elizabeth, John, Frank, Amelia, Fred, 
Edward, Irving and Albert. 

D. K. HAMILTON, marble dealer, represents an artistic branch of the 
business interests of Albion. Although he has been a resident of Noble County 



370 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

but a few years, his business has increased until it is worthy of a place among the 
successful industries of the county. Mr. Hamilton began life in Pennsylvania, 
and until eighteen years of age was developing his muscle upon a farm. He 
then entered the army, and for two years was employed as a driver until he 
became of sufficient age to enlist, when he became a member of Company F, 
One Hundred and First Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and remained in 
service until discharged at the close of the war, in 1865. Returning to his 
native State, he learned his trade at Mechanicstown, Cumberland County, 
remaining there about four years, when he went to Kansas and remained for 
three years, subsequently returning to Pennsylvania, where he engaged in busi- 
ness for four years, going thence to Shelby, Ohio, where he was employed 
for six months, after which he came to Albion, in 1877, where he located, and 
is extending the sale of his work each year. Mr. Hamilton is an efficient, 
skilled workman, and one of the progressive business men of Albion. He was 
married, in 18'(3, to Miss Lucinda Palm, of Cumberland County, Penn. They 
have three children — Rollie P., Carrie E. and Merle. 

JAMES A. HAMLIN, of Hamlin & Skinner, drugs, etc., is a native of 
Crawford County, Ohio, born in October, 1846. His father being a farmer, 
James was engaged in tilling the soil during his minority. In 1861:, he enlisted 
in the navy, upun U. S. Steamer Choctaw, of the Lower Mississippi 
Squadron, and was in service two years, taking part in several severe engage- 
ments, prominent among them the battle of Fort De Russy, La. He returned 
from the service, receiving his discharge at Cairo, 111., to Ohio, soon after en- 
gaging in the grocery trade, at Melmore, Seneca County, where he remained 
for several years. In December, 1875, he came to Albion, and embarked in 
the grocery business, continuing until 1878, when he changed his line of busi- 
ness to the drug trade, and to that branch has devoted his attention since ; now 
in partnership with M. C. Skinner. Messrs. Hamlin & Skinner are doing the 
leading business in their line. They are courteous and progressive business 
men, and worthy of the extensive trade they are accorded. Mr. Hamlin was 
elected Justice of the Peace in 1879, and is still a worthy incumbent of that 
position. He was connected with the same office in Ohio ; elected there when 
only a few days over twenty-one years of age, the youngest ever elected in that 
State, serving there six years. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and A., F. 
& A. M., of Albion. Mr. Hamlin married, in 1867, Miss Hattie A. Murray, 
a resident of Oberlin, Ohio. They have two children — Nellie C. and Arvin M. 

J. R. HART, liveryman, was born September 7, 1828, in St. Lawrence 
County, N. Y. He is one of a family of eight children born to John and 
Lodema (Dorwin) Hart. The father was a shoemaker, and followed his trade 
until the latter part of his life, when he engaged in mercantile pursuits at Mon- 
mouth, Adams Co., Ind., where he was also Postmaster. Mr. Hart brought 
his family to Adams County in 184-3, where he resided until his death, at the 
close of the war of rebellion. John R. Hart assisted his parents until the age 
of nineteen, when he left home and Went to Muskingum County, Ohio, where 
for two years he was engaged in various pursuits. In 1849, he returned to 
Indiana, and November 25, 1851, married Hannah L. Gorsline. For a num- 
ber of years, he was engaged in the hotel and livery business in Monmouth, and 
for four years was a resident of Cincinnati. In 1878, he purchased 102 acres 
of land in Green Township, Noble County, and was engaged in farming until 
the spring of 1881, when he rented his farm, moved to Albion and formed a 
partnership with Samuel Stoops in the livery business. This enterprise has 



TOWN OF ALBION. 371 

been successful — constantly growing in favor with the public — which is chiefly 
due to their fair and honorable dealing with customers. Mr. Hart is a Uni- 
versalist, and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This 
couple have had three children — Mai-y J. (deceased), Helen A. and Ida M. 
Helen is the wife of Clark E. Slocum, of Fort Wayne, Ind. Mr. Hart is 
a first-class business man, and a highly esteemed resident of Albion. 

A. D. C. HARVEY, contractor and planing-mill, is a native of Scot- 
land, and came to America with his parents in 1836. They located in Ash- 
land County, Ohio, where they remained until 1852, when they removed to 
Noble County, locating in Jefferson Township, where they were engaged in 
farming for several years ; they are now living in retirement in Albion. The 
subject of this biography commenced to learn the carpenter's trade when eight- 
een years of age, and in that calling has devoted the attention of many years, 
doing extensive contracting, and also owning a complete planing-mill, which, 
in connection with lumber interests also, divides his attention. For fourteen 
years he also owned and operated a farm in Jefferson Township, in connection 
with his other interests. He has contracted for and built all of the county 
buildings — notably the infirmary and jail — most of the churches in the region 
around the county seat, and many of the business blocks and private residences 
of Albion. He conducts a business room in town for the sale of sash, doors 
and blinds, and other builders' material. He was married, in 1860, to Miss 
Anna Buchan. They have three children — Mary E., William P. and Alex L. 

J. W. HAYS, physician and surgeon, is a native of Greene County, 
Ohio. When ten years of age, his parents removed to Miami County, Ohio, 
where he was associated, working upon his father's farm and teaching school 
until 1862, when he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Tenth Ohio 
Volunteer Infantry, and in three years' active service, participated in about 
thirty heavy engagements, among which we mention Winchester, Manassas 
Gap. Mine Ruii, Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Spottsylvania Court House, Monocacy 
Junction, Md., Charlestown, Va., Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, siege and capt- 
ure of Richmond, Sailor's Run, and at the surrender of Iiee. His regiment 
was a member of the Si.xth Army Corps, Army of the Potomac. He entered 
the service as a private, and, upon the assault and capture of Richmond, 
commanded a company, continuing in that position until he was mustered 
out, at which time he was recommended for promotion, and had the war con- 
tinued would have received a commission. His father, Jacob H. Hays, had in 
the meantime become a resident of Sparta Township, Noble County, and, 
in 1865, our subject came to this county, but soon after went to Piqua, Ohio, 
and commenced reading medicine with G. Vohiey Dorsey. remaining under his 
tutelage for four years, attending two courses of the Ohio Medical College of 
Cincinnati, where he graduated in 1872. He was also a teacher at intervals 
during this period. In April, 1872, he commenced his practice in Albion, 
where he has since remained, achieving a lucrative business. He has served 
the county as Infirmary Physician for four years, and is a member of the 
County and Northeastern Medical Associations. Dr. Hays was married in 
June, 1870, to Laura E. Munger, of Dayton, Ohio. They have three children 
living — Edna, Olive and Woodward. 

JAMES T. JOHNSTON, County Surveyor, is a native of Scotland. His 
parents emigrated to America in 185-1, and settled in Richland County, Ohio, 
where his father died in May, 1881 ; his mother still survives. James is the 
eldest of four children, and was reared upon a firm. He received a good edu- 



372 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

cation, being a graduate of Washington and Jeflferson Colleges, of Pennsylva- 
nia. He was a teacher for a number of years, for three years in Noble and 
De Kalb Counties. His connection with Noble County began in 1871 ; he first 
engaged at railroad contracting, subsequently engaging in the dry goods and 
hardware trades at Kendallville. Previous to coming to Indiana, he taught in 
the schools of Wooster, Ohio, and the Academy of Savannah, desisting on ac- 
count of the failure of his health. He was elected Surveyor of Noble County 
in 1876, and is now serving his third term. He married, in 1871, Miss Eliza 
P. Vermilya, a native of Ohio ; four children are born to them — Harry V., 
Elizabeth Winifred, John H. and James. 

A. J. KIMMELL, grocer, is a native of Canton, Ohio, and a son of Adam 
Kimmell, who was an early settler of Stark County, and a business man there 
for many years. His wife, Elizabeth Bowers, and mother of A. J., died in 
Stark County in 1849. Subsequently — in 1852 — Adam Kimmel came to No- 
ble County, where he remained until his death. He was an intelligent and 
valued citizen, serving for fifteen years as Justice of the Peace in Ohio. A. J. 
Kimmell is by trade a tailor, which he followed upon first coming to Indiana, 
subsequently engaging in the grocery, dry goods, hardware and merchant tailor- 
ing and ready made clothing trade. In 1870, he was appointed Postmaster 
of Albion and served nine years, during which period he was also engaged in 
the grocery business. This branch he still continues, in addition to which he 
operates a valuable farm of seventy acres in Jefferson Township. He has 
served as Township Trustee two years; is a member of the Masonic order, and 
an energetic business man ; Mr. Kimmell was married in June, 1853, to Miss 
Ann Edwards, a daughter of Alexis Edwards, who came from Morrow County, 
Ohio, in 1848. They have two children, Frank and Emma. The former is 
connected with his father in the store ; he is married to Miss Ella Ulmer, of 
Washington Township, her father, George Ulmer, being one of the first white 
settlers of Allen Township. Emma is now the wife of John W. Smith. 

WILLIAM S. KISER, County Auditor, is a son of Jacob and Jane 
(Smith) Kiser; the former being a native of Wayne County, Ohio, the latter 
of Chester County, Penn. They were married in Ohio, and came to Indiana, 
making their location in Sparta Township, where they at present reside. Of a 
family of twelve children, only three now survive : Moses, ex-Sheriff of No- 
ble County, now a farmer of Sparta Township ; Isabella Hursey, also a resi- 
dent of Sparta Township, and William S., who was born in Sparta Township 
in 1849. Until twenty years of age, he remained upon the home farm. He 
then came to Albion to attend school, during which period he entered the of- 
fice of the County Auditor, and for nine years was an assistant in the court 
house in the different offices. In 1878, he was elected Auditor of the County, 
and is at present serving his first term. Mr. Kiser is eminently fitted for the 
important duties of his position, and possesses the confidence of all parties. 
He is a member of Albion Blue Lodge, No. 97, of Kendallville, Chapter, Com- 
mandery and Council A., F. & A. M., of I. 0. 0. F., and K. of H., of Ken- 
dallville. Mr. Kiser was united in marriage in November, 1871, to Miss Ella 
J. Haney, a native of Pennsylvania, and daughter of Pierce Haney. They 
have one child living, Georgie ; one deceased, Raymond. 

S. K. KONKLE, painter, is a native of the Buckeye State, where, in 
Wayne County, he was born in 1836. Since 1848, he has been a resident of 
Albion. Mr. Konkle has followed the occupation of a painter all of his life — 
in former years a house-painter; since 1879, he has done the painting for the 



TOWN OF ALBION. 373 

carriage manufactory of H. R. Shirk, of Albion ; also does fine graining and 
sign painting. In 1860, he was married to Miss Cornelia G. Andrews a na 
tive of Ohio. They have two children— Burton A. and Edwin L. ' 

JAMES J. LASH, County Recorder, is a native of Wayne County 
Ohio, and son to William and Mary G. (Carson) Lash, who were natives of 
Fennsylvania. They removed from Ohio in 1848, and settled near Kendall- 
^' f- . '^ *'^"^'^'' ^^^* '■^ farmer, and continued a resident there until his death 
in I800. His mother is still living there. Four children of a family of eio'ht 
now survive— Mary E. Lester; Joanna C. Jewell, Chicago; Eliza P.', Kendall- 
ville; and James J. The latter, at nineteen years of age, went to Michicran 
where, in 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Thirteenth Michigan Infantry 'and 
was in service during the war. He participated in the battles of Shiloh Cor- 
inth, Ferryville and Savannah, Averysboro and Bentonville N C • wis 
wounded in his left arm, which had to be amputated. He received his di's 
charge in New York in June, 1865. Returning to Kendallville, he was soon 
after appointed Postmaster there, serving for two and a half years. He next 
engaged in the insurance business for two years, during which period he was 
elected County Treasurer and removed to Albion. He served two terms his 
office expiring in 1875. He then engaged in farming, at which he occupied 
himself until, having been elected County Recorder in 1880, he betran the 
duties of that office, in August, 1881. He is a member of KendallvilTe I 
?"u u ^)^''- ^^^^ ^'^^ married, in 1860, to Miss Rosa A. Hyde, a native of 
Ashtabula County, Ohio. Her father, Cullen Hyde, moved to Allen Town- 
ship in 1852, where he resided until his death. Mr. and Mrs. Lash have four 
children— Emma Grace, Lizzie A., Maud L. and Ruby A M 

WELLINGTON Y. LEONARD, M. D., was born in Miami County, Ohio, 
October 5, 1834. His parents, Joseph and Julia (Renshaw) Leonard were 
natives respectively of Vermont and Pennsylvania. Gilbert Leonard the 
father of Joseph, was a soldier in Washington's army, and served with fidelity 
until the close of the struggle. At one time during this service, his wife, with 
her infant child, was compelled to seek safety from the enemy by fleeing to the 
depths of the forest, where she was secreted for three days and nights, without 
food or drink, suffering intensely. The school days of Wellington were not 
marked by anything conspicuous. His opportunities were the subscription 
schools of the times, a greater portion of the year being spent in hardy toil on 
the home farm. In 1850, his father removed to Wolf Lake, where he bou-^ht 
a farm, on which he located. In 1852, Wellington went to Xenia, Ohio^to 
become an architect. This he studied and attended night school. Under 'the 
double strain his health failed, and he abandoned drafting. In the fall of 1855 
we find him entering a select school at Wolf Lake, attending one year, and soon 
after commencing the study of medicine with Dr. D. W. C. Denney with 
whom he remained two years, excepting an absence to teach one te'rm of 
scliool. In IbSy, he attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadel- 
P n {?r I ' ^® i-eturned to Wolf Lake, and, in connection with Dr. Will- 
'''",; on,?"'' ^''P'' ^^^ practice of medicine. The partnership continued 
until 1861, when the latter entered the army. In 1863, he again attended 
lectures, this time at Cincinnati Medical College, from which he graduated in 
1864, receiving his diploma March 4. Returning to Wolf Lake, he resumed 
his practice, continuing until the winter of 1865 and 1866, when he went to 
Chicago and attended lectures at the Rush Medical College for one term re- 
ceiving the ad eundcm degree January 26, 1866, after which he returned to 



374 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

his old field of labor, and remained until April, 1866, when he removed to 
Albion and, in company with Dr. Dunshee, resumed the practice of his pro- 
fession. After two years, the partnership was dissolved. His practice was 
steadily increased, until it is now large and lucrative. The following extract 
concerning Dr. Leonard is taken from Butler's " Medical Register and Direc- 
tory:" " Wellington Y. Leonard, M. D., Albion; graduated Cincinnati Col- 
lege Medicine and Surgery March, 1864; ad eundem. Rush Medical College, 
Chicago, 1866; member of Medical Society, Noble County, Ind.; member of 
Northeastern Indiana Medical Society ; and member of American Medical 
Association. He was County Physician from 1867 to 1875; is surgeon of 
the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Albion." In politics, he is a Republican and 
firm in his convictions. He was a member of the Albion School Board for 
three years, and was instrumental in perfecting the Albion School Building, 
which is a pride to the town. The Doctor has also served as a member of the 
Town Board of Trustees, and is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity. 
He was married, November 19, 1857, to Miss Amanda Place, of Phoenixville, 
Penn. They have four children, three sons and one daughter. 

S. W. LEMMON, M. D., is the oldest medical practitioner in Albion, 
having been identified here for over twenty-five years. Dr. Lemmon is a native 
of the State of New York, and came when a youth with his parents to Seneca 
County, Ohio, locating near Attica, upon a farm. Having decided upon the 
profession of medicine, he entered the office of Dr. Freeman, of Attica, and 
commenced his studies, subsequently attending the Western Reserve College of 
Cleveland, and graduating in the Medical Department. He commenced his 
practice in Attica, Ohio, where he remained for five years, removing from there 
to Toledo, Ohio, and thence to Albion in 1856, where we still find him admin- 
istering to a well-established practice. Dr. Lemmon is a member of the Masonic 
fraternity, of the County Medical Society, and of the Northeastern Medical 
Association. In 185-3, he married, in Attica, Ohio, Miss Harriet Chandler, 
■who died in 1858. He was united to a second wife, Miss Harriet Wheeler, of 
Allen Township, in 1859. They have three children — Hattie, Antony and 
Lillie. 

ISAAC MENDENHALL, Postmaster, was born in Miami County, Ohio, 
in 1837. His father, John Mendenhall, was a native of Virginia ; his mother's 
maiden name was Fiania Shoaff", a native of Ohio. They were married in Ohio, 
■where they resided until 1842, when they emigrated to Indiana and located in 
Swan Township, Noble County. His father was a farmer, and conducted a 
saw-mill, residing there until 1870, when he was drowned. His mother is still 
living. Isaac is the second of seven children, six of whom are now living. He 
passed his early days occupied with duties connected with the farm and saw- 
mill. In 1861, October 8, he enlisted in the Fifth Indiana Battery, one year 
from which time he was wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., and was 
compelled to return home. In January, 1863, he engaged in the mercantile 
Ijusiness in Swan Township. During the period of his residence there, he 
served as Township Clerk, and was Township Trustee three years. In 1866, 
he was elected County Treasurer, serving two terms. After his terms expired, 
he engaged in the drug trade in Albion, at which he continued until 1879, when 
he was appointed Postmaster of Albion, in which position we find him at pres- 
«nt writing (1881). He was married October 8, 1863, to Miss Farlay Carver, 
■of Allen Township. They have four children living — Fiania, Charlotte, 
Cecelia and Farlay ; a son. Wade, a bright youth of seven years, died October, 
1880. 



TOWN OF ALBION. 375 

JAMES PEPPLE is a native of Bedford County, Penn., born in 1812. 
His father was a farmer, and upon the farm he passed his early days until the 
age of nineteen, when he learned the carpenter's trade, and in 1832 moved to 
Richland County, Ohio, where he remained for fifteen years, following his trade, 
and also running a blacksmith-shop four years. In 1847, he came to Albion, 
embarking in blacksmithing and wagon making, which he carried on for some 
years. In 1857, he commenced farming in Albion Township, and has given 
his attention to that calling since. He owns seventy-five acres of improved 
land adjoining the limits of Albion. He has served as Justice of the Peace 
and as Township Trustee each one term. In 1831, he was united in marriage 
to Miss Mary M. Border, who died in 1872. Six children now survive her — 
John, Riley, Rebecca Coon, of York Township; Mary E. Stoops, a resident of 
Marshall County, Ind.; Delilia Cockley and Clara A. Ramsey, of Warsaw, 
Ind. Mr. Pepple was married, September 12, 1878, to Maggie Holland, a na- 
tive of Pennsylvania, and at the time of her marriage a resident of Fort 
Wayne, Ind. 

C. B. PHILLIPS, grain and insurance, is a native of New York, and 
lived upon a farm until seven years of age. He then went to New York City, 
where for three years he was employed in a wholesale dry goods house. He 
came to Albion in September, 1856, and clerked for William M. Clapp for over 
six years, at the expiration of which time he embarked in business in connec- 
tion with Walters, which association lasted foi two and one-half years, when he 
retired, and was connected with Judge Clapp in business until 1876, when he 
began a business venture alone, which proved extensive and successful, and 
lasted until October, 1880, when he was burned out, losing about $5,000. He 
is at present dealing in grain, and doing a general fire and life insurance busi- 
ness. Mr. Phillips has been associated with the business interests of Albion 
for many years, and has always ranked as a citizen of honest integrity and 
sterling worth. He is the present (1881) Treasurer of Albion, and is Secreta- 
ry of the Masonic Order, of which he is a member. He married, in November, 
1861, Miss Catherine Pepple, daughter of James Pepple, of Albion Township. 
She died in 1877, leaving three children — Thurlow, Grace and Ettie. In 
December, 1878, he married a second wife, Mary Kuhn, of York Township. 

DR. C. M. PICKETT is a native of Chautauqua County, N. Y. His 
parents were of Scotch descent, and natives and residents of that county for a 
number of years. Our subject, for a period of about thirteen years, was en- 
gaged in manufacturing enterprises in different localities and States. He com- 
menced the study of medicine in 1868, in Illinois, and for a number of years 
was a resident and practitioner of Clay County, Ind. He came to Albion in 
June, 1878, where he has been in constant and successful practice since. Dr. 
Pickett's practice is of the Homeopathic school. He is a graduate of the Pulte 
Medical College of Cincinnati, class of 1878, and is a member of the Institute 
of Homeopathy. He is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows 
orders of Albion. Dr. Pickett was united in marriage, in 1860, to Miss Mar- 
garet M. Jordan, a native of New York. They have three children — Emma 
L. Strowbridge (residing in Jefferson Township), Fred L. and Grace L. 

NELSON PRENTISS was born in Genesee County, N. Y., August 16, 
1813, and resided there until 1835, when he removed to Noble County. His 
father, Nathaniel Prentiss, was born in Preston, Conn., March 11, 1764, and 
at the age of fifteen entered the Continental army, where he served his term 
of enlistment, when he shipped on a privateer. He was shortly after captured 



376 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

by a British man-of-war, and taken to New York, where he was confined during 
one winter on the ohl prison-ship "Jersey," and the following spring was taken 
to Jamaica, in the West Indies, where he was kept until the close of the war. 
At the time of his death, which occurred in Noble County, February, 1839, 
he was a Revolutionary pensioner. He left a widow, whose maiden name was 
Margaret Heddon, who lived until 1861. She was a descendant of the Van 
Rensselaers, of Albany, N. Y. Nelson was the sixth child, and his early life 
was passed in the western frontier of the State, where he had only such chances 
for education as were afforded in that new country. These, with three terms 
at Wyoming Seminary, completed his opportunities for learning. At the age 
of sixteen, he commenced teaching, which he followed eight years. One of his 
special gifts was his retentive memory, and what he read, that was worth recol- 
lecting, was never forgotten. In 1837, he began the study of law, and in 1842 
was admitted to practice in the courts of Indiana. In 1836, when Noble 
County was organized, he was appointed one of the School Examiners of that 
county, holding either that or the position of Superintendent until 1868, when 
he resigned. In 1879, he was again chosen Superintendent, in which office 
he is now actively engaged. In 1849, he was elected Clerk of the Noble 
County Circuit Court, and served one term. From the time of his admission 
to the bar, he followed the practice of his profession until 1868, when his office 
and law library were destroyed by fire. In 1846, he joined the Independent 
Order of Odd Fellows, and is now a member of North Star Lodge, No. 380. 
In 1852, he united with the Masonic order, and was the first Master of Albion 
Lodge, No. 97, holding that position for twenty consecutive years. As an 
extemporaneous speaker, he has few superiors. It is due to his effiarts that the 
Old Settlers' Organization of Noble County has been made a success. For 
the first six years, he was President and Biographer of the society, and at the 
present time holits the latter position. He delivered the centennial address at 
Albion July 4, 1876, which is claimed to be the most complete on that subject 
of any delivered in the State. Following the teachings of his father, he iden- 
tified himself with the Democratic party until 1854, when he espoused the 
principles advocated by the Republicans. For many years, he has been a 
leading Elder in the Presbyterian Church. He is an active worker in the 
Sabbath schools as well as in the cause of temperance. He is simple in his 
habits, kind to his family, though strict in discipline. He is ever ready to 
espouse the cause of the weak as against wrong, and battles against vice in the 
palace of the rich as well as the hovel of the poor. 

WILLIAM W. RIDDLE, County Sheriff, is a native of Richland County, 
Ohio, born in 1842. His father, J. B. Riddle, a native of Ohio, came to Noble 
County at an early day, settling in Jefferson Township, whei'e be still resides. 
William remained an assistant upon the home farm until nearly eighteen years 
of age. Enlisting in 1861, in the Twenty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, which 
was subsequently, in 1863, transferred to the First Heavy Artillery, he re- 
mained in service until 1866, participating in several heavy engagements, and 
was mustered out at Baton Rouge. LTpon his return to his home, he engaged 
in farming. In 1869, he was united in marriage, to Miss Ellen E. Koontz, a 
native of Allen Township, Noble County, and soon after began farming opera- 
tions upon land of his own, in Jefferson Township, at which he continued until 
January, 1881, when he assumed the office of Sheriff, to which he had been 
elected in 1880. He owns a farm of eighty acres of improved and valuable 
land in Jefferson Township. Mr. and Mrs. Riddle have three children — Addie 
L., Wallace Guy and an infant. 



TOWN OF ALBION. 377 

HENRY R. SHIRK, carriage manufactory, represents one of the lead- 
ing industries of Albion. He was born in Pennsylvania, and early in life 
learned his trade of carriage-maker, commencing at the age of sixteen, in 
Lancaster County, Penn., where he served two years, and subsequently two 
years in Philadelphia. He then for four years was a traveling mechanic, and 
in 1865 came to Ohio and located in Osborn, Greene County, where he carried 
on a shop until 1872, when he removed to Clark County and was engaged in 
carriage-making until 1876, when he became a resident and business man of 
Albion, first running a saw^-mill for one year, and subsequently upon a farm 
for a year. In 1878, he commenced his present business enterprise of carriage- 
making, establishing already a successful and honorable trade. He manufact- 
ures all kinds of wagons, carriages, buggies, and does general repairing. His 
goods, of the finer kind are well finished, and are meeting with an extensive 
sale. Mr. Shirk was married in 1867 to Anna C. Schaffer, of Ohio. She 
died in 1879. One child, now living — Annie E. Mr. Shirk married a second 
wife, January 1, 1881, Miss Fannie Zimmerman, of Fulton County, Ohio. 

M. C. SKINNER, of Hamlin & Skinner, drugs, is a native of Huron 
County, Ohio. His father, Alfred Skinner, was a native of New York ; his 
mothers maiden name was Mary Ross ; she was a native of Connecticut. They 
were married in Ohio, and removed from thence to Jefferson Township, Noble 
County, in 1838, where they resided for two years, when they returned to Ohio. 
His father was killed by the Indians in 1850, while on his way to California ; 
his mother died in Huron County in 1854. Three children of a family of ten 
now survive. Susan Elliott, resident of Michigan ; Angelina Clapp, widow of 
Judge William M. Clapp, residing in Albion, and our subject. Mr. Skinner 
was associated with agricultural life during his boyhood. In 1861, he enlisted 
in Noble County, whither he had come with a brother in 1854. At the break- 
ing-out of the war, he was attending college in Michigan. He became a mem- 
ber of" Company A, Twenty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was in service 
for four and a half years, entering as private and commissioned as First Lieu- 
tenant when mustered out. The principal engagements in which he participat- 
ed are Baton Rogue, all of the Red River campaign, Franklin, Sabine Cross 
Roads, Pleasant Hill, Cane River and the seige of Port Hudson, with numer- 
ous others, being slightly wounded in the hand at Baton Rouge. Upon his 
return to Noble County, he engaged in teaching in the public schools of Albion 
until 1869, when he engaged in the drug business, continuing until 1877, when 
he sold out. In 1879, he became a partner of James A. Hamlin, in the same 
business, to which he now devotes his attention. Mr. Skinner served as County 
Superintendant of Schools one term, and for a number of years was Town Clerk. 
Is a member of I. 0. 0. F. He was married, in 1866, to Miss Mary Palmer, 
of Michigan, who died in 1876, leaving three children — Edith, Zoe and Ross. 
In 1878, he was united to Susanna Parker, of Albion ; they have one child — 
Orr. 

JOHN W. SMITH, Jr., Deputy County Treasurer, is a native of Marion, 
Grant County, Ind., and son of John W. and Cassandra (McKahan) Smith. 
His father is a member of the Methodist ministry. He came to Albion in 
1868, and for three years was pastor of the Methodist Church there, and in 
1880 returned where he now labors. John W. is the sixth child of a family 
of eight children. At the age of fourteen, the time of removal of his parents 
to Albion, he became an assistant in the post office under William W. Snyder, 
P. M., with whom he remained one year. He then entered the County Clerk's 



378 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

office, where he was engaged one year, subsequently entering the Auditor's 
office, under Stewart, where he was associated five years. In 1878, he was a 
prominent candidate for the auditorship. He next became Deputy Treasurer 
until 1879, when he entered tlie grocery store of his father-in-law, A. J. Kim- 
mell, Esq., and was associated in that business until August, 1881, when he 
became the Deputy of Treasurer Lang. Mr. Smith was married in March, 
1876, to Miss Emma E. Kimmcll ; they have one child, William Frank. 

JUDGE HIRAM S. TOUSLEY, an eminent jurist of Northern Indiana, 
whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., No- 
vember 20, 1821. His parents, David and Nancy (Noyes) Tousley, were 
natives, respectively, of Vermont and New York. They were united in mar- 
riage in Jefferson County, N. Y"^., where, for many years they remained resi- 
dents, his father following his trade of blacksmith, together with fanning inter- 
ests. In 1836, they emigrated to Shelby County, Ohio, where they remained 
until 1843, when they became residents of Whitley County, Ind. Here the 
father was engaged in agricultural life until 1855, when he started upon an 
expedition to Missouri, and upon his journey became a victim of the dread 
scourge of cholera and died. The mother survived until 1873, when she died, 
being at that time a resident of Noble County. The subject of this sketch was, 
during his earlier years, an assistant of his father in farming, and is familiar 
with the sturdy duties of pioneer life. He received a common school education, 
and, in subsequent years, was an attendant of the State University at Bloom- 
ington, Ind. In 1845, he became a student of the law, entering the office of 
Jacoby and Conger, of Fort Wayne, Ind., with whom he remained three years, 
at the expiration of which period he was admitted to the bar, and immediately 
thereafter located in Albion, and commenced the practice of his chosen profes- 
sion, where he has been actively associated up to the present writing. In 1863, 
he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, and served until February, 1867, 
when he was appointed by Gov. Baker Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial Cir- 
cuit, and at the subsequent election was elected by the people, and administered 
the duties of that office for six years. In 1875, Judge Tousley was re-elected, 
the district having, in the meantime, been divided and become the Thirty-fifth 
Judicial Circuit, and is still tiie incumbent of that office. In 1862, he a.ssisted 
in recruiting Company B, Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was 
appointed by Gov. Morton Lieutenant Colonel of that regiment. Col. Tousley 
was in service only four months, when he was prostrated by severe sickness, and, 
consequently, resigned. Judge Tousley is a profound student of the law, is 
admirably read in every department of literature, has a remarkably retentive 
memory, and as a scholar of history has few equals. In 1880, Judge Tousley 
WHS attached by paralysis, which still renders his health feeble and prevente 
assiduous attention to his legal duties. He was united in marriage, January, 
1851, to Miss Harriet Lisle, a native of Sandusky, Ohio. They have two 
children — Ella (wife of Rev. B. A. Woods, of New London, Conn.), and 
Frances (wife of Thomas E. Matson, Chief Engineer and Superintendent of 
the E. T. & W. N. C. R. R.) 

WILLIAM TRUMP, Deputy Sheriff, is a native of Richland County, 
Ohio and was raised upon a farm, casting his first vote in that county in 1860. 
In 1861, he came to Noble County, locating at Albion. Here he remained 
until 1864, employed in different vocations during summer seasons, and in the 
winter engaged in teaching. He then became a member of Battery A, First 
Indiana Heavy Artillery, remaining in the service until August, 1865. Return- 



TOWN OF ALBION. 379 

ing to Albion, he embarked in the dry goods trade, at which he continued, asso- 
ciated with different partners, until May, 1877. In January, 1881, he became 
Deputy Sheriff under W. W. Riddle, and is at present associated with the 
duties of that office. He has served as Assessor for three terms, as Clerk of 
Board of Town Trustees and as Marshal. He was married, in March, 1866, 
to Miss Eliza A., daughter of John McMeans, one of the early settlers of 
Noble County. 

L. W. WELKER, lawyer, is a son of Joseph and Lucinda (Huffer) 
Welker. His father is a native of Ohio, his mother of New York. They 
were married in Stark County, Ohio, and emigrated to Indiana, settling about 
1838 in Noble County in that portion which has since been transferred to Etna 
Township, Whitley County, and where they have since resided. His father is a 
prominent farmer and citizen, having served the township for twelve years as 
Justice of the Peace, and also as Township Trustee. He owns a farm of 160 
acres, and considerable property in Columbia City. The subject of this sketch 
received a good education, attending schools at Columbia City, Racine, Wis., 
and also Cincinnati, Ohio. He commenced the study of law in 1873 with A. 
W. Hooper, of Columbia City, with whom ho remained until he was admitted 
to the bar, in 1877, and immediately commenced the practice in Albion, where 
he is still engaged at his chosen profession, and at present serving as Attorney 
for that town. 

COL. WILLIAM C. WILLIAMS was born September 9, 1830, near the 
city of Philadelphia, Penn. lie comes of Quaker stock on his mother's side, 
her ancestors having come over with William Penn. Thomas J.VVilliams, Col. 
Williams' grandfather, was born in London in 1751. While he was still a 
boy his father purchased for him a midshipman's commission in the Royal Navy, 
' and in 1774 he was stationed in American waters. The young midshipman 
sympathized with the colonies, and resolved not to take any part against them. 
He tendered his resignation, which was refused, and the young officer put under 
arrest. He escaped, and reached Philadelphia soon after the battle of Bunker 
Hill. The ftither became enraged at his son's flight, and at his death disinher- 
ited him. Thomas J. Williams participated in the battles of Brandywine and 
Germantown, and spent the winter of 1777 and 1778 with Washington's army, 
at Valley Forge. After the close of the war, he settled near Philadelphia, and 
in order to marry a young Quakeress, he joined the Society of Friends. Here 
he lived until his death, which occurred in 1841. Enos Rogers Williams, son 
of Thomas J. and father of Col. Williams, was a talented clergyman of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church, and died in Philadelphia in 1856. Col. Will- 
iams is the third son. He entered the Academical Institute of Dover, Del., 
and remained three years. He then taught school until 1849, when he began 
the study of medicine with Dr. James Munholland, of Waynesburgh, Penn. In 
1851, he placed himself under the instruction of an eminent physician and sur- 
geon in Philadelphia, and in 1853 graduated with honors. In 1854, Dr. 
Williams was elected School Director, and one of the City Physicians for the 
poor. These positions he held until November, 1856, when he sailed for Lon- 
don. Most of the winter he spent in the hospitals of that city. In the mean- 
time he visited Paris, and returned to Phihidelphia in June, 1857 ; remained 
but a short time, then went to New York, accepting the position as Surgeon on 
an ocean steamer, plying between New York and Liverpool, visiting Ireland, 
Wales, Scotland, France and other countries. In 1859, he settled at Wolf 
Lake, where he practiced his profession with Dr. D. W. C. Denny until 



380 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

1861. At the breaking-out of the war of the rebellion, Dr. Williams, although 
a Democrat, closed iip his business, and in the summer of IBGl, recruited a 
company of which he was elected Captain, and joined the Forty-fourth Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry, then at Fort Wayne. In the fall they took the field, and 
subsequently participated in the battles of Fort Donclson, Sliiloh, siege of 
Corinth, and during the summer of 1862, they were on long and tedious marches 
through Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee and Kentucky. During the move- 
ment of the Army of the Cumberland in Murfreesboro, Col. Reed, of the Forty- 
fourth, resigned, and by request of the officers of the regiment, Capt. Williams 
was commissioned as its Colonel, dating November 27, 1862. In the battle of 
Murfreesboro, Col. Williams and his regiment took a conspicuous part ; two 
days before its termination, the brigade commander having been disabled. 
Col. Williams succeeded to its command, and while conducting his men to the 
rear, after a charge by the enemy on his lines, January 2, 1863, he was 
wounded in the leg and made prisoner, and taken to Atlanta, Ga. Here he 
was kept in close confinement until March, when he was transferred to Libby 
Prison, Richmond, where he was subjected to great indignities and cruelties. 
The Colonel was exchanged the following May, and was ordered to report for 
duty with his command. On his way to the front, he was placed in command 
of the Union forces, at Jeftersonville, Ind., to defend against Gen. John Mor- 
gan, who had just crossed the Ohio River on his famous raid. As soon as the 
danger was over. Col. Williams rejoined his regiment and brigade; but soon 
tendered his resignation and returned to his home, carrying with him a flatter- 
ing testimonial from the officers and men of his command. He then resumed 
the practice of medicine in Noble County. In 1867. he was elected to the 
Clerkship of the Circuit Court of this county, and re-elected for a second term, 
which position he held for eight years. In 1878, he was nominated for jMember 
of Congress by the National Greenback party, and made a thorough canvass of 
the district. In 1864, he married Miss Nellie Bliss, daughter of John H. 
Bliss, Esq., of Albion. Col. Williams, since his retirement from office, has 
given most of his attention to literary pursuits. He possesses a carefully 
selected library, covering the ground of his favorite studies ; as a public speaker, 
he is polished, animated and eloquent ; his lectures are models of research 
and logical power, and his acquaintance with history is especially broad and 
accurate. He is one of the prominent citizens of Northern Indiana. One 
featui'e of his character stands out in bold relief, and is an invariable indication 
of the true American, namely, the early determination to push out into the 
world and fight the battle of life on his own resources, a determination that 
rarelv fails of success. 

RICHARD WILLIAMS was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1829. 
His father being a farmer, he passed his youth upon the farm, subsequently 
learning the blacksmith trade, which he followed in Ohio, and for a short period 
in New York State until 1852, when he came to Allen County, Ind., where he 
followed his trade, for nearly five years, and from there coming to Noble County 
for two years. Returning to Allen County, he remained two years, enlisting 
there in the Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteers, Company E, in July, 1862, but, 
after six months' service, was compelled to resign on account of ill health. He 
held in the service a First Lieutenant's commission. He returned from the 
army and located in Green Township, where he resided upon a small piece of 
land until the decease of his wife, when, for two years, he worked around in 
different localities. Returning to Green Township, he resumed his trade and 



TOWN OF JEFFERSON. 381 

farming, finally embarking in the latter calling entirely and continuing there 
for twelve years. In 1878, he was elected Sheriff of the county and served one 
term. He is now residing in Albion, where he has erected a commodious brick 
hotel, and intends to supply a long-felt want of Albion in this enterprise. He 
is a member of Albion Lodge, F. & A. M. Mr. Williams' first wife died in 
October, 1863; her maiden name was Martha Dolan. She bore him four chil- 
dren — B. Franklin, John, James E. and Jennie. In 1865, he was married to 
Mary Ann Shambaugh, a widow. By this marriage there is one child — Olive. 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 

GEORGE BAKER, Jr., deceased, was a native of the Keystone State, 
born March 13, 1829. His parents were George and Mary (Stevenson) Baker, 
and, being in very ordinary circumstances, could give our subject but little or no 
advantages. He was one of the eldest of six children, and was kept at home to 
assist in farm duties. He married Mary Dreibelbis October 11, 1849, who, 
after bearing him the three following-named children, died : Hiram P., Luman 
L. and Marion (dead). His second wife and widow was Sarah Dreibelbis, a sister 
of his former wife. They had five children — Geo. B. Mc, Nelson B., Wm. H., 
Laura E., and Becca L., deceased. Of Mr. Baker's first wife's children, Luman 
married, Emma A. Stair. Of his second wife's, Laura E. is the wife of 
Samuel H. Dreibelbis. Mr. Baker came to Jefferson Township at an 
early day almost destitute, but became one of the wealthiest men in the 
township. He at one time had upward of 600 acres of land, owned two saw- 
mills and one grist-mill. He died an honored and esteemed citizen March 18, 
1872. He was a strong Democrat, and at one time a candidate for Sheriff, but 
was defeated by a small majority. The fiimily still reside on the old place, in 
Section 34, which consists of 230 acres of as fine farming and grazing land as 
there is in Jefferson Township. They are well known and respected. 

CHRISTIAN BARHAN was born in Baltimore County, Md., August 5, 
1816. When but three months old, his father, John Barhan, died, and when 
nine months old his mother and the family moved to Richland County, Ohio, 
where they resided a number of years. Christian Barhan received but a lim- 
ited education. In the fall of 1837, he came to Noble County, locating in 
Jefferson Township, there only being three or four families in the township at 
that time. The first two years succeeding his arrival, he worked for Jehu 
Foster, and with his accumulated earnings, he purchased 240 acres — his present 
farm, investing all his means as part payment. Mr. Barhan commenced clear- 
ing and improving his farm, and erected a cabin thereon for a home. He 
married Miss Mary Curry April 2, 1850, and soon after moved on the place 
which has since been their home. Mr. and Mrs. Barhan are hard-working and 
industrious, and now have one of the finest farms in Jefferson Township. They 
have had five children, as follows: Frances, wife of L. McFarland ; Eleanor, 
wife of Frank Pepple; Jane, wife of John Koons; William and Alvin, the 
last two being single. Mrs. Barhan is a member of the Lutheran Church. 
Mr. Barhan is a Democrat, and a quiet, unassuming citizen. 

THOMAS BEYMER was born in Huron County, Ohio, August 9, 1823. 
He is a son of George and Belinda (Ford) Beymer, the former being a native 
of Wheeling, Va., and the latter of Holland Dutch descent. The subject of this 



382 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

memoir is the eldest in a family of sixteen children, ten at the present writing 
being alive. His early years were passed on his father's farm, and he received 
but an ordinary education, while the younger members of the family have 
received college and academical education. When twenty-two years of age, 
Thomas left home and began working on a farm at $10 per month. He was 
married, April 17, 1851, to Jane Harvey, daughter of George and Mary 
(Bremner) Harvey, and six months afterward moved to Noble County, where 
he had eighty acres of land in the southern part of Jefferson Township. They 
began in life with very little, but now own 100 acres of nicely improved land 
where they reside and forty acres in another farm. Mrs. Beymer was born in 
the Lowlands of Scotland March 10, 1831. Mr. and Mrs. Beymer had five 
children — Mary B., Margaret A. E., George (deceased), Janette V. and Lillian 
J. Margaret married Frank P. Hill and moved to Ashland County, Ohio, 
wliere she now resides. Mary is the wife of Samuel Bricker; Janette is the 
wife of John T. Graves; and both reside in Jefferson Township. Mr. and 
Mrs. Beymer are members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. Mr. Beymer 
is a Republican and a progressive citizen. 

BLACK F2VMILY. — Peter Black, deceased, was born December 11, 
1789, in Maryland. His early life was spent in his native State, where he 
learned the manufacture of brick and the trade of masonry. He was married 
in Baltimore, Md., August 16, 1812, to Martha Amos, who was born in Mary- 
land July 30, 1793. A few years succeeding his marriage, Mr. Black and 
family removed to Lancaster County, Penn., where in connection with his 
trade he carried on teaming quite extensively. In 1833, he discontinued his 
trade, and with his family removed to Richland County, Ohio, where he 
engaged in farming. In 1853, he moved to Jefferson Township, where his 
oldest son had preceded him, and began, with the help of his sons, to clear and 
improve a farm. He was an industrious and honest man, a Democrat and a 
soldier of the war of 1812. His death occurred in Noble County, October 
23, 1863. His wife was a member of the Old School Baptist Church, and her 
death occurred in Noble County January 28, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Black 
were parents of the following family: F. A., born July 31, 1813: Owen, 
September 24, 1815; Elizabeth, September 7, 1817, died December 1, 1862 ; 
Oliver P., born October 17, 1819; Cyrus, May 28, 1822; Davis, August 7, 
1825; Benjamin, March 4, 1828; Naomi, January 28, 1831, wife of J. J. 
Knox, of Elkhart Township; Peter M., born June 1, 1836, died January 13, 
1863 ; and James M., January 16, 1840. 

Oliver P. Black, a native of Lancaster County, Penn., came with his 
parents to Richland County, Ohio, in 1833, and from there to Noble County 
in 1853, where he has since resided. He received a good common school 
education, and was married in Richland County, Ohio, in 1855, to Mary Ann 
Streby. They had three children — Martha, wife of Ed. P. Ray, of Albion ; 
George C, who married Mary 0. Hines ; and Naomi E. Oliver P. Black is 
a Democrat, as was also his father and all of his brothers. He first came to 
the county in 1845, remained a few months with his brother, and then returned 
to Ohio. By trade he is a carpenter and joiner, but at present confines his 
attention to farming. He first owned but 80 acres of land, but has increased 
it to 100 acres, which has been improved principally by his own labor. 

Cyrus Black received the advantages of the common schools where he 
resided in his earlier years. He came to Noble County in 1853. Mr. Black 
has never married, but resides with his brother, James M. He owns 80 acres 
of land in Jeflferson Township and 40 acres in Allen Township. 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 383 

Benjamin Black is a native of Pennsylvania. Wlien four years old, he 
came to Ohio with his parents. He was married September 15, 1859, to Miss 
Ruth Foster, daughter of Christian Foster, and soon after moved to his present 
place in Jefferson Township. They had two daughters — Naomi J. and Eva E. 
Mr. Black owns 160 acres of fine land, which is well improved. 

James M. Black was reared a farmer. He came with his parents to 
Indiana, where he was married, February 21, 1872, to Mary J. Halferty, who 
was born February 7, 1847. They have two children — John 0. and Lula N. 
Mr. Black owns 120 acres of good land, and is a prosperous farmer. The 
Black family are widely known in Noble County. They are prosperous and 
leading citizens of their respective neighborhoods, and are honest and enter- 
prising citizens. 

WILLIAM BONHAM (deceased husband of Elizabeth J. Bonham), 
was born in Buckinghamshire, England, October 11, 1825. There were nine 
children in his father's family, only four now living. His parents, John and 
Elizabeth Bonham, are now dead. Having received an ordinary education, he 
left his native country when a young man and came to Richland County, Ohio, 
and began going to school and working by the month to defray expenses. 
September 2, 1852, he was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth J. Hadley, 
and shortly after removed to Sauk County, Wis., purchasing 120 acres, wliere 
they resided until their removal to Noble County the spring of 1863. Here 
they located on the farm now owned by the family. Mr. Bonham began im- 
proving the farm till it is now considered among the best in the township. Mr. 
Bonham died suddenly of lung trouble, June 22, 1878. He was reared in the 
independent religious faith, but became a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church after coming to America. In his political views, he was a firm adlie- 
rent to the Republican party, and an honest, conscientious God-fearing man. 
Mr. and Mrs. Bonham had six children — Sarah M., John M., Justina L., 
Homer H., Arabell and Mary M. The three oldest are married. Sarah is 
the wife of -James Trumbo ; John married Alice Stanley ; Justina is the wife 
of Milton Stanley; and all are residents of Noble County. Mrs. Bonham was 
born in Richland County, Ohio, April 10, 1831. The home farm, upon which 
the widow and a portion of the family reside, consists of 120 acres of excellent 
farming and grazing land. This family is among the first' in Jefferson Town- 
ship. 

J. M. BRACKNEY is a native of Butler County, Penn., his birth occurring 
June 3, 1817. His parents, John and Margaret (Edwards) Brackney, had twelve 
children, three only of whom are living. The father was a farmer, a native of 
Pennsylvania, and of Dutch ancestry. His mother is a descendant of the Ed- 
wards family of Wales. The parents of J. M. Brackney were old-fashioned 
steady-going people, and devout members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
He received a common-school education, and our subject, at the age of seven- 
teen, commenced serving an apprenticeship at the carpenter and joiner's trade, 
which he thoroughly completed. He was married, in July, 1844, to Miss 
Martha McCormic, and to them were born Margaret A., Elizabeth, Mahala, 
Adda, Jane, Lytic, Mosheim, Lillian, Curtis and one that died in infancy. 
Margaret A., Lillian, Elizabeth and Curtis are dead. In 1856, Mr. Brackney 
came to Noble County, and purchased his present farm, where he has since 
resided, farming and working at his trade. He is now the happy possessor of 
a fine farm and a comfortable home. He is a Democrat ; he and wife are 
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and intelligent, deserving citizens. 



384 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

JOHN A. BRUCE, son of Elijah and Melinda W. (Browning) Bruce, 
was born in Culpeper County, Va., April 12, 1823. He is one of nine chil- 
dren, the ancestors of whom were subjects of Great Britain. Elijah Bruce 
was a soldier of the war of 1812, and his general occupation fanning. The 
fall of 1827, he and family moved from Virginia to Licking County, Ohio, and 
from there to Miller Township, Kno.x County, Ohio, where he remained farm- 
ing until his death by lightning. June 1, 1828. Soon after the death of Mr. 
Bruce, the widow and family moved to Franklin Township, Morrow County, 
and from there to Chester Township, same county, where jMrs. Bruce purchased 
a farm, and where she resided until her death in February, 185-1. John A. 
Bruce was reared on a farm, and is a man of good education. When sixteen 
years old, he commenced serving an apprenticeship at the blacksmith trade, 
which he made his business until about 1862. He was married in what is now 
Morrow County, Ohio, April 24, 1845, to Miss Abaline Smith, daughter of 
Jeremiah and Polly (Marcy) Smith, and the fall of 1853 moved to Hardin 
County, Ohio, residing there three years : then removed to Noble County, 
purchasing eighty acres in Jefferson Township, giving all they had, §500, in 
part payment for the same. By hard labor and economy, they have increased 
it to 137 acres of excellent land. They had eleven children — Silas S., George 
E., Louisa M., Lorinda L. and Lucinda L. (twins), Charles S., William B., 
Lucy M., John S., James J. and Lovina A. Of these, Silas, George and Lu- 
cinda, are dead. George left a widow, Emma E. (Lash) Bruce, and one child, 
Bessie D. The widow has, since the death of her husband, remarried. Lucy 
M. is the wife of Ira Dillon, and resides in Jefferson Township. Mrs. Bruce 
was born in Luzerne County, Penn., July 24, 1824, and is of English descent. 
The Bruce family are intelligent and enterprising people. Mr. Bruce is a 
Democrat. 

ABRAM GARY was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., November 30, 1805. 
He is a son of Jesse and grandson of Joseph Cary, who was a Rhode Island 
nurseryman, and who came to that country previous to the French war. Our 
subject's mother was Philaner (Van Tasel) Cary, who was of Holland Dutch 
descent, and the mother of thirteen children, six only of whom are now living. 
Mr. Cary, Abram's father, was by trade a carpenter, and that occupation he 
followed while a resident of York State. Abram Cary was raised on a farm, 
and assisted his father at his trade. His educational advantages were very 
meager. On the 10th of September, 1831, he was united in marriage with 
Patience Forker, and the spring of 1834 emigrated to Huron County, Ohio, 
where he resided seven years. In May, 1841, he came to Noble County, 
locating in Jefferson Township, where he has since resided. To the efforts of 
such energetic pioneers as Mr. Cary is mainly due the blessings enjoyed by the 
present generation. Mrs. Cary died October 10, 1855. They had eight chil- 
dren — Sorada, Sophronia, Samantha, John AV., Elmira C, Emily 0., William 
W. and Alvin D. Of these, John W., Elmira, Emily and Alvin are dead. 
Mr. Cary's second and present wife was Ann (Corbin) Potts, widow of Alfred 
D. Potts, who died from disease while servingin the late war. There were born 
to Mr. Potts and the present Mrs. Cary five children — Leonard J., Lillie V., 
Ida L., John N. and Owen S. Leonard and Lillie are dead. Mrs. Cary was 
born February 9, 1836, and was one of eight born to Stanfield and Margaret 
(Lee) Corbin. She was married to Mr. Potts November 15, 1855, who died in 
Louisville, Ky., June 23, 1865. To her marriage with Mr. Cary which 
occurred August 8, 1872, there was born one son — Wreath D. Mr. and Mrs. 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 385 

Gary are members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, and are well-known and 
highly esteemed citizens. 

AARON CHAMBLIN was born May 7, 1824, in Maryland County, Va. 
He is one of three children now living of a family of seven born to Nelson and 
Sarah (Koonce) Chamblin, who were of English- German descent. Nelson 
Chamblin was a farmer of Virginia, where he plied his vocation until about 
183-3, when he and family moved to Knox County, Ohio, and from there to 
Richland County, same State, where they lived a number of years. Mr. and 
Mrs. Chamblin died in Wood County, Ohio, the former in October, 1878, and 
the latter in 1880. Mr. Chamblin was a soldier of the war 1812. and his 
father served in the Revolutionary war. Aaron Chamblin was married January 
1, 1850, to Mary Imes, sister of William Imes, and his home, from his birth to 
two years after his marriage, was with his parents. In 1855, he came to Noble 
County, and purchased a portion of his present place in Jefferson Townsiiip, 
paying for the same $4.75 per acre. It at that time was all woods and such 
improvements as now exist on the place were made by Mr. Chamblin. He 
now owns 170 acres in Jefferson Township, and eighty-two acres in Orange 
Township. Mr. Chamblin is a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the 
U. B. Church. To them were born nine children — William, Richard, Thomas, 
Theodore and Elmore (twins), Elbiney, George, Mary and Charley. Elbiney, 
George and the twins are dead. William, or J. W. IL, as he writes his name, 
married Frances I. Keller, and is engaged in mercantile business in Brimfield. 
He has been twice burned out, but is a young man of pluck and enterprise, and 
is destined to make his mark in the world. 

JOHN EARL was born in the County Tyrone, Ireland, April 22, 1815. 
.John and Ann (Gray) Earl, his parents, were both natives of "Erin's Isle," 
but of Scottish descent, and farmers in Ireland. John Earl was reared to 
manhood in his native country, obtaining but a limited education. He was 
married, March 29, 1837, to Miss Ann Trott. In 1840, they took passage, 
from Londonderry, on a sailing vessel bound for Philadelphia, and after an 
eight weeks and three days' journey arrived at their destination. For seven 
years succeeding his arrival, Mr. Earl was employed on a farm near the city. 
In 1847, he emigrated to Huron County, Ohio, where he farmed for three 
years, and in 1850 moved to Noble County, which has since been his home. 
He first purchased eighty acres of his present farm, which he has since in- 
creased to 160 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Earl have had five children — William, 
Annie, John, Mary and Robert. The two youngest are dead. John married 
Sarah Scliauwker; William married Josephine Bliss; and both are living in 
Noble County. Mr. Earl was formerly a Whig, but is now identified with the 
Republicans. Although a member of no church, he is liberal in their support. 
His parents were of the Presbyterian faith, and such is our subject in belief. 
He is considered one of the best-informed men in Jefferson Township. Through 
his long life of labor, he has been ably assisted by his brave wife, who has been 
kind and affectionate to her family. 

JACOB EASLEY was born in Canton Berne, Switzerland, July 2.3, 
1820, a son of Jacob and Catharine (Burke) Easley, the mother being a native 
of England. Jacob Easley was the father of sixteen children, six by his first 
wife, Catharine Burke, and ten by his last wife. Our subject was a resident 
of his native country until 1834, when he came with his parents to the United 
States, locating near Buffalo, N. Y., where they remained farming two years. 
In 1836, the family removed to Crawford County, Ohio, where they partici- 



386 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

pated in the early history of that county. The father died here in 1847 and 
his last wife in 1868; his first wife in 1830. Mr. Easley was a hard-working 
man and well respected. Jacob assisted his parents until twenty-one, when he 
began life without a penny, but has acquired a position of wealth and honor 
by his industry and self-denial. Up to 183-4, he remained in Ohio, farming 
and saw-milling. In that year, he passed through Noble County and purchased 
his present farm in Jefferson Township. He did not locate here, however, 
until 1850, in the meantime making his home in La Grange and neighboring 
counties, working at saw-milling. May 26, 1850, he married Mary Ann Oster, 
and soon after began clearing and improving his farm, upon which they are 
now living at their ease. To their union were born eight children, viz. : Mary 
M., George E., Maggie S., Mattie L., Benjamin F., Laura A., Ellen E. and 
Katie E. Mary is the wife of Thomas Hudson. Mr. Easley is one of the 
well-established farmers of the township ; is enterprising, a Democrat and he 
and wife members of the Lutheran Church. His farm consists of eighty acres 
of finely improved land. 

WASHINGTON EASTER was born in Huron County, Ohio, November 
7, 1836. He is a son of James and Catharine (Wilson) Easter, who were 
parents of seven children, six of whom are yet living. The father and mother 
were natives of "the land of Erin," but the former was of Scottish descent. 
They were married in their native country and came to Ohio when it was yet 
a young State. Mr. Easter was a tiller of the soil, received a limited educa- 
tion, and when thirteen years old his father died; two years later, his mother 
passed away. For four years, Washington Easter worked in saw-mills and at 
the lumber trade. He went West on a prospecting tour, and came to Noble 
County, Ind., in 1856, where he purchased 80 acres of woodland, which he 
traded for 120 acres in Green Township. Being a carpenter, he rented his 
land and followed his trade. In 1858, he sold his property in Green Town- 
ship, and in 1861 purchased 160 acres of his present farm, which he has since 
increased to 200 acres. His occupation since that time has been farm- 
ing and stock-raising. He was married, March 17, 1861, to Miss Rebecca 
Foster, daughter of Christian Foster. They had two sons — Franklin D., who 
died in infancy, and Justin H. Mr. Easter is a Republican, and an enterpris- 
ing resident of Jeiferson Township. Although a member of no church he was 
raised a Presbyterian, to which church his parents belonged. 

MARION EDWARDS, son of Alexis and Elizabeth (Foster) Edwards, 
and brother of Samuel M. Edwards, was born in Morrow County, Ohio, Sep- 
tember 18, 1842. He came with his parents to Noble County, in 1848, and 
has since made his home here. His education consists of the common school 
order. When the call for troops was made by President Lincoln in 1862, he 
enlisted, August 12, in the Twelfth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Company B, 
and was discharged at Indianapolis in June, 1865. He was mustered into serv- 
ice at the capital of Indiana, and from this point was sent South to Lexing- 
ton, Ky., with his company, where, after a short stay, they were sent to 
Richmond, Ky., and during the engagement at that place was taken prisoner. 
He was paroled, came home and went to Indianapolis, where he remained dur- 
ing the summer of 1863, when he was exchanged. In the fall of 1863, Mr. 
Edwards was at the siege of Vicksburg with his company and afterward driv- 
ing the rebel Gen. Johnston through Mississippi. He participated in the 
engagements at Memphis, Chattanooga and at Mission Ridge, where his com- 
pany went into action, and only sixty-two men came out alive. During the win- 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 387 

ter of 1863, he remained at Scottsboro, Ala., and the next year was in the battles 
at Kingston and Resaca. At the latter place, he was twice wounded — once in 
the leg, severely, and his right thumb shot off. After lying in several different 
hospitals, he was sent home on a furlough, and while there voted for Abraham 
Lincoln for President. After sixty days, he reported for duty at Chattanooga, 
but his regiment being gone, he remained there on detailed duty until January, 
1865, when he rejoined his command at Goldsboro, and from that time 
nntil the close of the war, was constantly on the move July 2, 1867, he was 
united in marriage with Miss Mary Lane, of York Township. They have one 
son — Lew L. Mr. Edwards is a Democrat and an enterprising and indus- 
trious citizen. 

SAMUEL M. EDWARDS was born in Morrow County, Ohio, June 4, 
1827. He is the eldest in a family of ten born to Alexis and Elizabeth (Fos- 
ter) Edwards, who came from Maryland to Ohio at an early day and went to 
farming. It was there that Samuel M. was principally raised. He came with 
his parents to Noble County the fall of 1848 — his father had 160 acres of 
timbered land in Jefferson Township — but stopped with Mr. Jehu Foster until 
the removal of his father to Jefferson Township. Mr. Edwards is a hard- 
working man and a good citizen. He is yet living and resides in Albion, but 
his wife departed this life on the 23d of- September, 1877. Samuel Edwards 
assisted his parents in clearing the old home farm, and when he married his 
father made him a present of eighty acres of the old place, upon which he has 
since resided. His marriage with Miss Lovma Thompson, daughter of one 
of the first settlers of Jefferson Township, was solemnized September 24. 1857. 
They have reared an adopted child named Jennie Edwards. Mr. and Mrs. 
Edwards have been hard-working and industrious people. They own eighty 
acres of good land and are among the leading citizens of their township. 

JOHN H. ELEY was born in Richland County, Ohio, June 28, 1883. 
He is one of nine children, seven of whom are yet living, the parents being 
Michael and Catharine (Haldeman) Eley, who were of German descent. The 
father was a farmer, and with his family emigrated from Ohio to Noble County 
in 1853, where he purchased his present farm in Jefferson Township, where he 
is yet living. His wife died in April, 1880. John H. Eley was reared a 
farmer and received a good education. After arriving to manhood, he taught 
school winters and worked on the farm summers. April 1, 1859, he married 
Miss Sarah M. Foster, daughter of the old pioneer, Jehu Foster. Mr. Eley 
continued farming until August 12, 1862, when he promptly responded to the 
call for troops, and was assigned to Company E, One Hundredth Regiment 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was an active participant in the seige of 
Vicksburg and the battles of Black River, Jackson, Mission Ridge, from the 
latter place going to Gen. Burnside's relief at Knoxville. He commenced the 
spring campaign of 1864 with Gen. Grant, and was in the battles of Resaca 
and Dallas, at the latter place being severely wounded in the thigh. From the 
hospital he was sent to Rock Island to guard prisoners, where he was finally 
discharged, July 27, 1865. Mr. Eley arose to the rank of Sergeant. After 
the war was over, he returned home and engaged in farming. He is considered 
among the best farmers of the township. He owns 220 acres of well improved 
land, is a Democrat and a member of the Knights of Honor. 

THE ENGLE FAMILY— Although not the first settlers of Noble County, 
were among the early ones, and becoming prominent men by their long life of 
usefulness, they deserve appropriate mention in the history of Noble County. 



388 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Peter Engle (deceased) was born September 26, 1790, in York County, Penn., 
and when three years of age moved with his father, Justus Engle, to Frederick 
County, Md., where he was reared and educated. His early manhood was 
passed in farming and teaming. During the war of 1812, he was drafted, and 
served a few months in the year 1814, as Orderly Sergeant. He married 
Barbara Mentzer February 26, 1824, and in 1833 came to that part of Rich- 
land (now included in Morrow) County, Ohio, and engaged in farming. In 
1852, Mr. Engle emigrated to Noble County, where two of his sons, Samuel . 
and Washington, had preceded him. He located in Jefferson Township, Sec- 
tion 36, where he took up 120 acres of land, but in 1858 sold forty acres. He 
was an energetic man, honest, conscientious, and one who commanded the re- 
spect and esteem of all. He died September 29, 1868. Mrs. Engle, his wife, 
was born July 1, 1798, in Frederick County, Md., and she died in Noble 
County, October 3, 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Engle had eight children — Wash- 
ington, born November 27, 1824 ; Samuel, July 9, 1826 ; Drucilla E., Au- 
gust 18, 1828; Ezra, October o, 1830 ; Jesse, July 21, 1833 ; Adam, Decem- 
ber 27, 1836 ; Catharine, August 15, 1838, and John, March 3, 1840. The 
latter's death occurred near Vicksburg, in August, 1863, while in the service 
of his country. He enlisted in the full of 1862, in the One Hundredth Regi- 
iment, Company E, and served faithfully until his death. 

" Soldier rest ! thy warfare o'er, 

Sleep the sleep that knows no breaking ; 
Dream of battle-fields no more, 

Days of danger, nights of waking." 

Drucilla Engle married John C. Morgan, and they now reside in Morrow 
County, Ohio. Ezra married Hannah Favinger, moved to Michigan, and there 
lives in Eaton County. The subjoined sketches are of those that yet reside in 
Noble County. 

Washington Engle's birth occurred in Frederick County, Md., where 
he resided until nine years of age, when he came with his parents to Ohio. 
October 1, 1854, he married Miss Sarah Sigler, and came to Noble County, 
where he had previously purchased a farm. He now owns 108 acres of fine 
farming and grazing land on Section 36, in Jefferson Township, where he 
resides. They have one son — Amos, who married Mary A. Keller, and lives 
with his parents. Mr. and Mrs. Washington Engle are members of the Lutheran 
Church. 

Samuel Engle was married, September 6, 1852, in Morrow County, 
Ohio, to Susann Sigler, sister of his brother Washiijgton's wife. Tliey have had 
two sons — John W. and George W. Samuel and Washington Engle emigrated 
to Noble County together, in 1847, and for a year worked for Christian Foster, 
clearing land. They then went back to Morrow County, Ohio, and married. 
Samuel Engle and wife moved again to Noble County in 1852, where they 
have since resided. They own 108 acres adjoining AVashington Engle on the 
north. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 

Jesse Engle married Sarah Prouty, in 1860, and their children number 
seven — Franklin, Adell, Jason, Wilbert and Albert (twins), Arthur and Ed- 
ward. Albert and Arthur are dead. The mother died August 5, 1879, and 
July 19, 1880, Mr. Engle married his present wife, Lucina McClurg. Jesse 
Engle turned his attention to saw-milling in his earlier years, and was a iirst- 
class sawyer. He now owns 146 acres of good land in the northeastern part of 
Green Township, and has held the Township office of Trustee. 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 389 

Adam Engle learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, and worked at that 
with success a number of years. He has since turned his attention to farming. 
He owns eighty acres of land near Jesse Engle's farm, and 160 acres in Kansas. 
He was married, November 2, 1862, to Miss Mahala Prouty, and they have 
two children — Ina and Marshall. The sons of Peter Engle all began life at the 
age of twenty-one, with little or no means at their command. Imbibing con- 
siderable of the energy and determination of their father, they went to work, 
and to-day are wealthy and influential citizens, and stanch Democrats. They 
have displayed considerable enterprise in the support of all laudable public 
enterprises, and are progressive citizens. 

JEHU FOSTER is one among the few who are left of the early pioneers 
who came to Noble County when its surface was Covered with a dense forest and 
but few settlers had made a clearing in its wilds. When yet but nineteen 
years old, he was brought face to face with the stern realities of frontier life in 
Ohio, where he was called upon to endure the privations and perform the labo- 
rious duties that devolve upon those in a new country in clearing land and 
establishing a home. This was re-enacted in coming to Indiana, and continued 
through his most active and vigorous years. Mr. Foster was born in Baltimore 
County, Md., August 23, 1798. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812, a 
farmer by occupation. He was married to Miss Annie Singrey, and emigrated 
with his family to what is now Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio, in 1817, 
being one of the pioneers of that locality. In March, 1824, Jehu was united 
in marriage with Miss Margaret Levering, and continued to live in Ohio until 
1887, when he emigrated to this county and located in Jefferson Township, set- 
tling upon land as the hand of nature had made it, out of which to construct a 
home. Though the task before them was one almost appalling to the strongest 
hearts, yet, with the heroic fortitude, known only to the early settlers, and 
nobly aided by his wife the labor was undertaken, and the results have had 
their beneficial influence not only with themselves, but the generations now and 
to come will reap the benefits. They had born to them children as follows : 
Mary A. (the wife of John B. Steel, now living in Nebraska), John L. (whose 
biography appears in this work), Samuel M. (who married Rebecca Edwards, 
now a resident of Albion), Margaret L. (who lives in Kendallville, and is the 
wife of Jacob H. Shauck), Elizabeth C. (deceased), Sarah M. (the wife of John 
Eley, whose biography also appears), Jennie A. (wife of John K. Riddle, 
whose biography appears), and Alvin D. (who married Emily J. Pepple, and 
resides in Michigan). Mr. Foster has been a leading man of Jefferson Town- 
ship for the past forty years, taking an active part in public interests. He 
feels a just pride in looking back and noting the change in this locality from an 
almost unbroken forest filled with Indians and wild animals to one of the finest 
agricultural spots in the world, and can truly say for himself " Well done, 
thou good and faithful servant." Mrs. Foster, his companion, departed this life 
February 25, 1880, ripe in experiences of material life and full of hope for the 
unknown hereafter. Mr. Foster is living upon the old farm, now that of his 
son-in-law, John H. Eley, and is vigorous for one of his years. 

J. L. FOSTER was born in what is now North Bloomfield Township, 
Morrow Co., Ohio, October 6, 1826; the son of Jehu and Margaret (Levering) 
Foster, who were pioneers to this township in 1837, where the father is still 
living, the mother having died in February, 1880. J. L. Foster lived at home 
with his parents until he was twenty-one years old, doing his part of the labor 
on the farm. He then began working at the carpenter's and joiner's trade. 



390 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

This, however, not agreeing with him, he engaged in farming, making that his 
occupation since. In February, 1863, he purchased his present place, which 
consists of 100 acres, and soon thereafter moved on to it, where he yet resides. 
Mr. Foster was married January 17, 1856, to Rose A. Eley, and to this union 
were born three sons — Eugene W. (who married Emma Miller, and is carrying 
on the home farm), Delmer (who is a clerk in Huntertown) and Perry L. (who 
is yet at home). Mr. Foster is a Democrat in party affiliations, and takes an 
interest in the advancement of public affairs. He lives independently in his 
comfortable home, and is in the enjoyment of the fruits of his honest accumu- 
lations. 

SMITH IIADLEY is a native of Richland County, Ohio, his birth 
occurring January 8, 1828. He was one of twelve children of whom Savan- 
nah and Martha (Riddle) Hadley were the parents. The Hadley family origi- 
nally came from the British Isle to America, and were farmers by occupation. 
The father of the subject of this sketch was also a farmer and an honest, de- 
serving man. Smith Hadley was reared to manhood in the Buckeye State, 
receiving only such an education as the common schools afforded. He was 
married March 15, 1851, to Miss Elizabeth Woodruffs, and the fall of the suc- 
ceeding year came to Noble County, investing all he had, 3300, in part pay- 
ment for sixty acres of land in Jefferson Township. After clearing it, he sold 
it, and, in 1861, moved to his present place, and superintended the Poor Farm. 
After being in the employ of the county in this capacity six years, he resigned, 
moved to Albion and purchased a saw and flouring mill, which he operated six 
years. He then discontinued the business, purchased the old county farm, on 
which he resided one year. He then went back to Albion, erected a saw-mill, 
which he operated about a year, then again removed to the farm where he has 
since resided, confining his attention strictly to farming. He now owns 128 
acres of good land, which he has acquired by industry and economy. He is a 
Republican, and is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and the Masonic fraternity. 
They had seven children — Mary A. (wife of Andrew Parks), Shannon C, 
Helen M., Horace H., Ida A., Morton and Frank V. Mr. Hadley 's parents 
came to Noble County in about 1863, where his father is yet living. His 
mother died in the spring of 1880. 

JAMES N. HARVEY was born in Ashland County, Ohio, December 8, 
1841. He is a sou of George and Mary (Bremner) Harvey, who were parents 
of eight children, five of whom are yet living. George and Mary Harvey 
were natives of Scotland, and were poor people on coming to this country. 
They settled in Ohio, but in the fall of 1852 Mr. Harvey came to Indiana, 
and purchased a farm of 160 acres in Jeff'erson Township. In the spring of 
the succeeding year, the family settled upon the place known now as the 
Spencer farm. In 1872, after enduring the hardships incident to pioneer life, 
he removed to Albion, where he has since lived. By trade, he was a stone- 
mason, and has executed some fine work on many of the county buildings. 
He was always an enterprising citizen, ever lending a helping hand to the 
needy. James N. Harvey was raised on a farm, and has always followed that 
occupation. He received an excellent practical and business education, and 
Tvas married, February 2, 1870, to Miss Isabel Johnston, and they have one 
son — John Wesley. Mr. Harvey purchased his present farm in 1867, and he 
now owns 120 acres of good land. He is a Republican, a member of the 
Patrons of Husbandry, and a member of the M. E. Church, w'hile Mrs. Har- 
vey is an adherent of the principles of Presbyterianism. Their son, John W., 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHir. 391 

was born March 4, 1871, and in the spring of 1881 wrote Gen. Garfield that 
he would be ten years old on his inauguration, and that he was a Republican. 
In reply, President Garfield sent a cabinet-sized photograph of himself, which 
the bov now cherishes as a valuable keepsake. 

HENRY HILL, born in Niagara County, N. Y., April 22, 1819, is a 
son of Henry and Mary (Avery) Hill, who were natives of Connecticut and 
Vermont respectively. Mr. Hill was a farmer in New York, and in 1851 
emigrated westward, locating in Jefferson Township, on the farm now owned 
by his son IJenry. He here purchased 160 acres of land, where he lived until 
November 11, 1869, when he died. His widow is yet living, and resides with 
her son, at the advanced age of ninety-one. Our subject passed his youth on 
his father's farm, obtaining a common-school education. May 25, 1845, he 
was united in marriage with Eunice Eaton, of Niagara County, N. Y., and to 
this union were born Delos (deceased), Sarah and Lewis. Sarah is the wife 
of William H. Whitford, and Lewis married Katie Yeiser, who died, leaving 
him two children. His second and present wife was Martha Hupp. Since Mr. 
Hill's residence in Noble County, he has been known widely as an honest and 
upright man and a desirable neighbor. He is a Democrat and owns 120 acres 
of well-improved land. 

JOHN HOFFMAN is a native of Pennsylvania, and when eight years 
of age moved with his parents to Morrow County, Ohio, where they died. 
The subject was raised on his father's farm, and also learned blacksmithing 
and wagon making. He came, in 1853, to Jefierson Township, where he has 
since been a resident, engaged in cultivating and otherwise improving his farm, 
that now consists of 240 acres of splendid land, furnished with large and com- 
modious buildings. He was married, in 1850, to Miss Elvira Walker, of 
Morrow County, Ohio. They have eight children living — Emeline, James 
(in Green Township), John. George, Allen, Jennie, William and Lucy. Mr. 
Hofi'man, in addition to his farming, is engaged in stock-raising to a consider- 
able extent, and has some of the best blooded stock in the country. He is a 
practical and able farmer and one of the county's most valued citizens. 

JOHN F. HUNT was born in Wayne County, Ind., in 1829, January 
13. His grandfather, Charles Hunt, was a native of Chestershire, England. 
Previous to the Revolutionary war he was commissioned an officer in the En- 
glish army, and sent to do duty in the Colonies of America. When Great 
Britain declared war against the Colonies, he resigned, entered the United 
States Army as a private and served through the war with distinction. John 
Hunt, the fiither of John F. Hunt, was born near Guilford Court House in 
North Carolina. From the history of Wayne County, Ind., we find that this 
gentleman and a brother, in 1803, emigrated to what is now Wayne County, 
then a part of what was known as the Northwest Territory. They erected a grist- 
mill on the Elkhorn, said to have been the first in the State. In 1804, John 
married Mary Whitehead — this being the first marriage solemnized in the 
State. He was a blacksmith and gunsmith by trade, and his shop was often 
made a camping-place for the Indians during the Indian war. He was never 
molested by them, however, as his services were too valuable for them to lose. 
During the war of 1812, he served under the command of his brother-in-law. 
Col. William Whitehead. After the war, he returned to where he first settled, 
and there lived, working at his trade and farming, until he was eighty-six 
years old. He died in 1849. Their family numbered twelve children, only 
three of whom are now living. The oldest daughter, Caroline, was the first 



392 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

white female child born in Indiana. John F. Hunt, the youngest of this 
family, is the only one living, bearing his father's name. When yet a boy, he 
enlisted for the Mexican war, but after going as far as Covington, Ky., peace 
was declared, and he returned home. July 30, 1862, he enlisted in Company 
F, Seventy-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and about the time 
his enlistment expired, he took sick at Vicksburg, and from there was taken 
home. After three months' sickness, he was reported dead, and not until July 
30, 1880, was he regularly discharged from this regiment. However, after 
his recovery in 1863, he re-enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirtieth Regi- 
ment, Company F, and served the remainder of the war. He was at the 
siege of Vicksburg, bombardment of Prentice, Uniontown, Yazoo Pass and 
others. Mr. Hunt was married, in 1859, to Isabel C. Owen, of La Porte Coun- 
ty, Ind. They have had six children — Wilson W., Cyrus F., Mary C, Maria 
L., and two that died in childhood. Mr. Hunt learned blacksmithing under 
his father, but carpentering has been his principal occupation. He came to 
Noble County in 1868, and now owns 80 acres of land, on which he resides. 
He is a stanch Republican, and a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Mrs. Hunt is 
a member of the M. E. Church. 

WILLIAM HUSTON is the third child of Joseph and Rachel (Will- 
iams) Huston, of Knox County, Ohio. He was born September 22, 1827 ; 
at two years of age his father died. When he was five years old, his mother 
married John Blair, after which he lived with his guardian. Judge J. McGib- 
ney, with whom he remained until 1842 ; when imagining himself abused, ran 
away, but soon came back and apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, the first 
two years receiving $3 per month and the last year $4 per month. Complet- 
ing his trade, he engaged at $1.2.5 per day to a company erecting ware and 
boarding-houses along the Newark & Columbus Railroad. In 18-19, with a 

too ' 

party of seven, he went to California, fii-st to St. Louis, from there overland 
with ox teams. The trip consumed one hundred days. They first stopped on 
Bear River, then moved to the North Fork of the American River. His suc- 
cess was varied. Having accumulated about $3,000, he, in connection with 
others, at great expense, diverted the course of a river. They were successful 
in draining, but found no gold in the river bed, and therefore lost all. He 
then borrowed $900, and went to mining. After four years' stay, Mr. Hus- 
ton returned, several thousand dollars ahead. In the spring of 1853, he came 
to Indiana to visit friends, and purchased a farm in Jeiferson Township. He 
is the owner of 480 acres of land, and devotes considerable attention to rais- 
ing fine stock. November 8, 1853, he married Miss Nancy Knox. Ten 
children have been born to them — Elbert E., William W., George F., Mary I, 
Eva M., Frank C, Ella M. and Unity E. are living ; John K. and Elmer E., 

ft OfipO CO (I 

WILLIAM INSCHO, deceased, was born December 28, 1802, in Sussex 
County, N. J. His father was a carpet weaver, but farmed in connection with 
his trade. The grandfather of William Inscho was a native of Denmark, and 
the progenitor of that name in America. Our subject, at about the age of nine- 
teen, learned the blacksmith trade and continued that business until about 
twenty years before his death. When three years of age, his parents moved to 
near Wheeling, Va., and from there to Huron County, Ohio, in 1815. Here 
he married Eliza Campbell, who died in Noble County in September, 1889. 
They had three children — George W., Hugh A. C. and Elizabeth, deceased. 
Mr. Inscho, in the fall of 1837, emigrated to Noble County, purchasing eighty 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 393 

acres on Section 17, where he resided until his death, February 22, 1881. He 
was twice married ; his last wife was Rebecca Skeels. They had one child — 
Ann (present wife of John Guthrie). George Inscho was raised a farmer. He 
was married, February 18, 1858, to Ruth Edwards, and they have two children 
— Frank and Ida. Since his marriage, he has made Jefferson Township his 
home. From 1864 to 1867, he was in Montana Territory searching for gold. 
He now owns ninety acres of land near the geographical center of Jefferson 
Township. Hugh Inscho was born April 30, 1836. October 18, 1863, he 
was united in marriage with Miss Elsie Edwards, daughter of Alexis and Eliza- 
beth (Foster) Edwards, and soon after moved on the old Inscho homestead, 
where he has since resided. They have had three children — Lavinia, born 
October 24, 1864 ; Anna E., August 22, 1869, died July 23, 1877 ; and Olive 
R., born August 27, 1874, died July 27, 1877. The two latter died of diph- 
theria. The mother was born November 13, 1839. He owns eighty acres of 
land. The Inscho family, from William, the old settler, have been noted for 
their honesty and sobriety, and have figured quite prominently from the early 
history of Jefferson Township. 

KIMMELL FAMILY.— In the year 1627, when the State of Delaware 
was first settled, two brothers of this name, natives of Sweden and very 
wealthy, emigrated to the new country and settled on the Delaware River, near 
Wilmington, where, in after years, a town sprang up and received the name of 
Swedesboro. The great-grandfather of the present generation, who was a 
wealthy resident of Philadelphia, was, during the Revolutionary war, Commis- 
sary of Subsistence under Gen. Washington. While at Valley Forge, during the 
memorable winter of 1777 and 1778, when the British were in possession of 
Philadelphia he succeeded in entering the city and secured $25,000 in gold and 
silver, which was secreted in the cellar of his house, barely escaping capture in 
returning. This money he turned over to Congress, subsequently receiving in 
return continental paper money, which so depreciated in value as to leave him 
comparatively a poor man. A grandson, Adam Kimmell, was the father of six 
children, five of whom are living, Joseph C. and Manias H. being among the 
number ; Adam was born March 22, 1791, and served as a soldier of the war of 
1812. He was one of the early pioneers of Stark County, Ohio, and followed 
his trade, that of a gunsmith, until 1850, when he retired from active life. He 
married Miss Elizabeth Bowers in Canton. She was a native of Maryland, 
born June 26, 1800, and died April 29, 1849. Mr. Kimmell came to Albion 
in 1852, and died October 16, 1872. He was a man of sterling integrity. In 
politics, a Whig and then a Republican. While living in Stark County, which 
was strongly Democratic, he was elected and re-elected many times to the 
office of Justice of the Peace over his Democratic opponents. 

Joseph C. Kimmell, the eldest of the children, was born in Canton, 
Ohio, November 5, 1824, and received an education common to those of a new 
country ; being a man of good mind, and observing he has acquired extended 
information. He came to Albion, and was the first manufacturer of tinware in 
Noble County. This industry he prosecuted for ten years, and then moved to 
his present farm in Jefferson Township, which was at that time without 
improvement. It consists of 110 acres, and is now a well-improved and pro- 
ductive farm. He was married, September 9, 1847, to Miss Jane Spangler, of 
Stark County, Ohio. They have had six children — Eliza E., Elizabeth E. 
(deceased), Charles S. (deceased), Norman E., Warren (deceased) and Albert A. 



394 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

Manias H. Kimmell is a native of Canton, Ohio, where he was born 
March 26, 1835. He came with his parents to Albion in 1852, and, in 1853, 
went to Auburn, where he learned the tinner's trade. In 1856, he opened a 
hardware store in Ligonier, which he conducted until 1858. In the spring of 
that year he went to Oregon, where, for one year, he was superintendent of 
farming in the Indian Department. In the winter of 1859, he returned to 
Albion, and in the spring of 1860, opened a hardware store. In 1862, he 
moved to his present farm, comprising 206 acres well adapted to general farm- 
ing and stock-raising. In the latter branch, Mr. Kimmell deals to considerable 
extent. He was married, April 1, 1860, to Emeline Bucher. Their children 
are Cora, Irene and Grant. Mr. Kimmell and his brother Joseph are Repub- 
licans, and during the years 1856, 1857 and 1858, the period of horse-thieving 
and general lawlessness in this section of country, they were active members of 
the " Regulators," whose decisive measures carried terror to the hearts of the 
desperadoes and rid the country of their presence. 

M. KISER was born in Northampton County, Penn., November 16, 1826 ; is 
a son of John and Mary (Myers) Kiser, who were natives of Pennsylvania, and 
the parents of seven children, five of whom are yet living. Mr. Kiser, their 
father, worked at the carpenter's trade shortly after his marriage, but soon 
turned his attention to farming, which vocation he followed through life. He 
was a Democrat, and a zealous member of the Methodist Church. He died in 
1876, but his widow yet survives him and resides in Huron County, where she 
came with Mr. Kiser in 1832. Their son, M. Kiser, received a good common- 
school education in youth, and was married in 1848, to Miss Elizabeth Stotts, 
of Huron County, Ohio. They have four children — George, Mary, Martha 
and Emma. George married Mary Phillips, and resides at home ; Mary is the 
wife of Benjamin Smith, and resides in Jefferson Township. After his mar- 
riage, Mr. Kiser firmed twelve years on shares for his father, and one year op- 
erated a grist-mill in Ohio. In the latter business he was unsuccessful, and lost 
considerable. He then followed Horace Greeley's advice to young men and 
came to Jefferson Township, purchasing his present farm, which consists of 103 
acres. It was at that time a dense forest, but is now a finely-improved place. 
Mr. Kiser is a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the Lutheran 
Church. From a poor man he has risen to prosperity, achieved by hard labor and 
self-denial. 

B. V. MELVIN was born in Madison County, Ohio, February 21, 1821, 
son of John and Sarah (Insor) Melvin, who were parents of seven cliildren ; 
five are yet living. John Melvin was a farmer and a native of Tennessee. 
From that State he came to Madison County, Ohio, in 1812. During the war 
commencing that year, he took an active part. His father, Joseph INIelvin, was 
an old Revolutionary soldier, and our subject, serving in the late rebellion, 
makes the Melvin family one of patriotism. Joseph Melvin was a native of 
Scotland, and his wife, Phoebe, of Ireland. John Melvin was an old Jackson 
Democrat ; was a man of good practical education and an exemplary citizen. 
He died the fall of 1858. Benjamin V. Melvin, next to the youngest child, 
began for himself at the age of nineteen, and from that time until his marriage 
worked at farming in his native county and Indiana. He emigrated to Noble 
County in February, 1843, and purchased his present farm in Jefferson Town- 
ship ; October 21, 1847, he married Jennie II. Palmer, of Whitley County, 
Ind., and in 1848 commenced life on his farm. In 1853, he returned to his 
old home in Ohio, remaining until the fall of 1858, when he returned to Noble 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. ' 395 

County, where he has since resided. By industry and economy, he has ac- 
quired 320 acres of land, half of which has been distributed among his chil- 
dren. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Melvin are as follows : Mary M., Sarah, 
Jane, John, Azora, Theodore and Theodocia (twins) and Vanvactor B. Mary 
M., Theodore, Theodocia and Azora are dead. The others are married, and 
living in Noble County, except Vanvactor, who is at home, single. 

JOHN MOORHOUSE,born September 8, 1805, was a son of Samuel and 
Martha (Morrell) Moorhouse, who had nine children, John being the youngest. 
In his seventeenth year, he was left an orphan, his mother having died in 1807 
and his father in 1821. He received a common education, and was reared a 
farmer, as was his father before him, in his native country, Yorkshire, England. 
In the spring of 1832, he set sail for the United States ; arrived in New York 
City, he took passage for Delaware County, N. Y., where he engaged in farm- 
ing. From here he removed to Lockport, engaging in various pursuits for 
seven years. In 1840, he traded town property for fifty acres of land in 
Noble County, and upon which, in the spring of 1841, he made a clearing and 
erected a cabin, returning to New York the same year. In 1842, with his 
family, he returned and located here. Upon his arrival, he had only about $70, 
but by dint of hard labor, has acquired a fine farm of 160 acres. He was mar- 
ried, in 1829, to Miss Eliza Boddy, and they had seven children— Samuel, 
Eliza A., Henry, James, Joseph, Mary and John. Of these, Mary, Eliza and John, 
are dead. The mother died in 18(30. Mr. Moorhouse is a member of the 
Roman Catholic Church, and is an enterprising citizen. 

WILLIAM MYERS was born in Berkeley County, Va., September 26, 
1826. He is a son of Isaac and Catharine (Hudson) Myers, and is of Dutch 
descent on his father's and English-Irish descent on his mother's side. They 
were parents of eight children, five of whom are yet living. The fall of 1827, 
they moved to Greene County, Ohio, and after four years moved to Seneca 
County. They were good, honest people, and members of the Methodist 
Church. Mrs. Myers died in about 1845, and Mr. Myers in 1846. William 
Myers was reared in Ohio, from the age of eleven years to that of twenty-four. 
He received but a meager education, sacrificing his schooling to assist on the 
farm. He was married, September 5, 1850, to Ann Rumbaugh, daughter of 
William and Mary Rumbaugh ; five days after their marriage, they started for 
Iowa, to build a home on the Western prairies. Not liking the appearance of 
that country, he returned to Indiana and purchased eighty acres of his present 
farm. The story of the hardships of early pioneer life is needless of a repeti- 
tion here. Mr. and Mrs. Myers were industrious and economical, and have 
arisen to plenty through the medium of hard labor. Mr. and Mrs. Myers have 
an only child — Lucina, who is the wife of John Newton, and resides in Jef- 
ferson Township. They have reared a son by adoption, whom they have treated 
as their own. His name is Orlando Myers, and he is a steady and honest 
young man. Mr. Myers has been reasonably successful in life, and shows his 
gratitude by assisting all laudable enterprises. Mrs. Myers was born in Vir- 
ginia May 29, 1824, and she and Mr. Myers are among the leading citizens of 
the township. 

JOSEPH OGLE was born in Morris Township, Adams County, Ohio, 
August 4, 1806, to which locality his parents, Enoch and Catharine (McCart- 
ney) Ogle, came, previous to Ohio's admission into the Union. Here they were 
married, and had ten children. The parents have long since passed away, fol- 
lowed by seven of their children. The paternal great-grandfather of the subject 



396 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

of this sketch came from Ireland. The McCartneys originally came from Scot- 
land. Joseph Ogle received his education from the schools of his native county, 
and worked at the tanner's trade until his majority, but from that time until he was 
twentv-six, he followed teaming. June 13, 1833, he was married to Miss Ruth- 
annah Wright, and remained in Ohio farming until October. 1845. when he 
came to Jefferson Township, where he made a clearing sufficiently large to erect 
his cabin. Mr. Ogle's wealth at this time amounted to Si ; this he paid 
for flour that he might have bread to give the raisers of his cabin. Mr. Ogle 
has figured conspicuously in the history of Jefferson Township. He and wife 
are the happy possessors of a comfortable home and 120 acres of good land. 
They have had eight children — Mary. Charles H.. George. Sarah L., William 
E., Lucina J.. Albert H. and Lewellyn. The two oldest sons are dead. 
Charles was a volunteer in the war of the rebellion, and contracted a disease that 
rendered him unfit for service. He came home, and in 186-1 died. Mary is 
the wife of Andrew Gunnett, and resides in Kendallville. Sarah is the wife of 
George I. Walters, and lives with her parents. William married Virginia 
Sallady, and lives in KendallviUe, and Albert married Ella Ackerman and 
resides in Iowa. 

ORANGE PROUTT (deceased) was a native of Morrow County. Ohio, 
where he was born April 22. 1S30. His parents were Roderick and Mary 
Prouty. the former a native of New York State, and his mother, who was a' 
farmer's daughter, of Ohio. His grandparents. Stephen and Elizabeth Prouty. 
were natives of Vermont and of English descent. These ancestors were all 
'•tillers of the soil," and Orange Prouty followed in their footsteps. October 
10. 1847. he married Miss Susan Hauey. of the same nativity as himself, born 
September 10, 1830. and daughter of .Jacob and Phebe Haney, who were 
farmers, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. They commenced 
housekeeping in Ohio, but only continued there a few months. They came to 
Indiana in April, 1849. and settled in .Jefferson Township, on what is now des- 
ignated as the "old Prouty" farm. Here he worked at clearing land for his 
father for three years, receiving as a recompense eighty acres of land in its 
natural condition, situated in Jefferson Township. Upon this, he built a log 
house in 18-52. occupying it, and at the same time began clearing and improv- 
ing his farm. He subsequently made some additions to his land, increasing it 
by a purchase of forty acres ; in 1863. located in Green Township, and two 
years later forty acres that adjoined his farm on the east. Orange Prouty died 
October 14, 1867. The descendants of Mr. and Mrs. Prouty were eight — 
Alma, Willard and .John, now living. Those deceased were Phebe Kinsey, 
Edward. Homer and two infants. 

JOHN K. RIDDLE, son of Joseph B. Riddle, was bom in Morrow 
County, Ohio, April 20, 184-5. He came with his parents to Noble County 
when about three years old. and has since made his home here. He was 
reared on the old homestead, where he assisted his father in the development 
of the farm. He received but a common education, and when twenty-one 
years of age began for himself, although still living with his parents. January 
29, 1871, he was united in marriage with Miss -Jane A. Foster, daughter of 
the old pioneer. Jehn Foster. This lady was born in 1S44. in Jefferson Town- 
ship. They had two children — Ava U.. who died when seven months old. and 
Ottho F. Soon after his marriage. Mr. Riddle moved on his present farm. 
When he first came into possession of the original farm — eighty acres — it was 
all woodland. This he has cleared and increased until he now owns 120 acres 
of good land. He is a Republican and a hard-working citizen. 



JEFFERSON, TOWNSHIP. 397 

JOSEPH B. RIDDLE was born in Richland County, Ohio, January 5, 
1816, one of fifteen children, whose parents were William and Sarah (Forsythe) 
Riddle, the father a native of Pennsylvania and the mother of Ireland. They 
were both early in Ohio, and on the Clear Fork, in Richland County, during 
the war of 1812, they were married and established a home in the wilds of 
Richland County. At one time, the mother had to be carried, with a three 
days' old infant, to a neighboring fort for safety from the Indians. He, though 
a farmer, was quite widely known as a surveyor. He was a prominent Whig, 
and held the positions of Associate Judge, County Land Appraiser and Justice 
of the Peace. Joseph B. was an assistant on his father's farm, and only re- 
ceived a limited education. In 1840, he married Miss Traney M. Knox. 
They had nine children — Elizabeth J., William, John K., Sarah L. (deceased). 
Homer F., Mary M. (deceased), Comfort E., Isoline D. (deceased) and Edith 
M. In 1848, Mr. Riddle moved to this county, and purchased a quarter sec- 
tion of land in this township, and began clearing. Through sickness and 
trouble, he has, by patience and perseverance, prospered, and now is sur- 
rounded with many comforts and a pleasant home. He is a Republican in 
politics, though not an active politician. 

GEORGE RUMBAUGH was born in Berkeley County, Va., August 14, 
1829. He is a son of William and Mary (Mussetter) Rumbaugh, who were 
natives of Virginia, but of Irish- German descent. From Virginia the parents 
came to Seneca County, Ohio, and there died, the mother in 1848 and the 
father in 1871. The latter was a farmer. His family numbered nine children, 
two of them now dead. George Rumbaugh remained with his parents in Ohio, 
assisting them until he reached his majority. He received but a common 
school education, and came to Indiana in 1850 and purchased a piece of land. 
He was married, in September, 1854, to Martha Pike of Jefferson Township, 
and shortly after moved on his place, which he sold after clearing twelve acres, 
and returned to Ohio, where he remained one winter, when he came back to 
Noble County and purchased sixty acres of the farm now owned by John Eley. 
In the spring of 1864, he purchased his present farm, and has since made it 
his home. He owns sixty-four and a half acres of good land, is a stanch 
Republican and a genial, intelligent gentleman. The fall of 1864, he entered 
the United States Army, in Company D, Thirteenth Regiment, and was dis- 
charged from Newbern Hospital, N. C, in June, 1865. He was in one severe 
engagement — Fort Fisher. He contracted disease while in the service, from 
which he is yet a sufferer. Mr. and Mrs. Rumbaugh have four children — 
Daniel, Willard, Laura A. and Nettie J. 

LEWIS SEELY was born in Elkhart County, Ind., June 8, 1830, son of 
Ephraim and Abigail (Runnels) Seely, and one of nine children, six of whom 
are yet living. Mr. and Mrs. Seely were natives of the State of New York, 
and at an early day came to Ohio, where they resided until about 1829, when 
they emigrated to Elkhart County, Ind., entered a piece of land and engaged 
in agricultural pursuits. This family were among the very first settlers of the 
whole country. From Elkhart County they moved to Milford Township, La 
Grange County, and after a number of years to Orange Township, Noble 
County, where Mr. Seely died in August, 1865, and Mrs. Seely in September, 
1877. They were honest, industrious people, and an honor to the community. 
Lewis Seely resided with his parents, assisting them, until his marriage with 
Fidelia Collins, daughter of Barten Collins, which occurred in 1856. Mr. 
Seely received a common-school education, and after his marriage, resided in 



398 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Milford Township, La Grange County, until 1865, when he came to his present 
place. He owns 160 acres of well- improved land. They have had three 
children — Thirza, Charles and Meta. Mr. Seely is a Republican, and a wide- 
awake, enterprising citizen. 

JACOB SIN'GREY was born September 5, 1826, in Troy Township, 
Richland County, Ohio, the native place of all his brothers and sisters. He is 
a son of Thomas and Catherine (Ackerman) Singrey, who were early settlers in 
Morrow County, Ohio, and who came from Pennsylvania in about 1816. They 
are now residents of this county. Jacob Singrey began life a poor boy, with a 
limited education. When sixteen years of age, he apprenticed himself for the 
terra of two years to the carpenter's trade, after which he began work on his 
own responsibility. March 18, 1841, he was married to Sarah Ann Cockley, 
of Ohio', and to them were born five children — Elvirda J., William H., John P., 
Sarah P. and Thomas A. Elvirda is the wife of William Axtell, of Jefferson 
Township. After completing his apprenticeship, Mr. Singrev built a large barn 
for his father, for which he received eighty acres of his present farm, upon 
which he moved his family in April, 1854, and entered upon the task of clearing 
and improving. To the original eighty he has added, until he now possesses 
160 acres. As the result of enterprise, Mr. Singrey has been prosperous. He 
is a Democrat, and a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. 

JOHN A. SINGREY, one of the influential citizens of Jefferson Town- 
ship, was born in Richland County, Ohio, February 29, 1828. His father, 
Thomas Singrey, was a native of Baltimore County, Md., born March 12, 1801, 
and grandson of a Mr. — Singrey, who came from Switzerland to America, 
and who was the founder of that name in the United States. Thomas Singrey 
came with his father, in 1816, to Richland County, Ohio, and assisted in clear- 
ing a home there. In Knox County, Ohio, he married Catharine Ackerman, 
and to them were born four sons an<l two daughters. The parents are now 
residents of Jefferson Township, where they are well and favorably known. 
John A. Singrey was reared to manhood in Ohio, receiving a common-school 
education. At the age of twenty-four, he located in Noble County, where he 
and his father had purchased land in 1849. Soon after, he sold it and pur- 
chased a portion of his present farm. August 14, 1853, he was united in mar- 
riage with Ruth Ann Walters, daughter of Jacob Walters, of Morrow County, 
Ohio, and to them were born — Jacob (deceased), Rebecca, Thomas and Anna. 
When Mr. and Mrs. Singrey located on their present place, they began to 
improve and enlarge it, until they now have 150 acres of nicely improved 
property. Mr. Singrey is an active citizen, and a member of both the Odd 
Fellows and Masonic orders. He is a strong Democrat, and at present is serv- 
ing a term as County Commissioner. 

WILLIAM SMITH wa?*born in Columbiana County, Ohio, September 
7, 1816. His parents, George and Elizabeth (Brady) Smith, were of German 
descent, and early settlers in Ohio ; they came to Columbiana County when it 
was a wilderness, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. Mr. Smith, is now 
dead, but Mrs. Smith is yet living and resides in Ohio. William Smith is one 
of eleven children, and the only one residing in Indiana. He received a good 
education, and was married in 1838 to Amelia Ferrell, and soon after removed 
to Williams County, Ohio, where he resided until his wife's death, which oc- 
curred September 20, 1840. They had one child — Virginia, now deceased. 
Mr. Smith returned to his native county, where he married Mary A. Sanders 
in 1850. Their children were John G. (deceased), Matilda and Ella. Matilda 



JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 399 

and Ella are married, the former being the wife of Dr. Scott, of Avilla, and 
the latter of T. P. Kessler, who resides in Orange Township. Mr. Smith 
farmed in Ohio until 1861, when he came to Noble County, and purchased his 
present farm — 160 acres — and has resided here ever since. Mr. Smith started 
out in the world dependent on his own resources, and is to-day a wealthy and 
esteemed citizen. He is a Democrat, and one of the well-to-do farmers of Jef- 
ferson Township, ever ready and willing to assist in the welfare of the county. 
WILLIAM STOREY is a son of George and Elizabeth (Sedgwic) Storey, 
and a native of Yorkshire, England, his birth occurring April 8, 1824. He 
was one of eight children, and during his boyhood attended the common 
schools. When old enough, he hired out by the year on a farm, and in this 
capacity labored for some time. Having two brothers in America, he deter- 
mined to cross the Atlantic, and shipped at Sunderland, on board the sailing 
brig, "England's Queen," bound for Quebec. After a stormy voyage of five 
five weeks, they neared their destination ; one foggy night, when but a short 
distance from mainland, the vessel struck the rocks of St. Paul's Island, and 
the crew had to be conveyed in boats to the island. From here they hired a 
fishing smack to convey them to Nova Scotia, where they reshipped and were 
landed in Boston. From here, Mr. Storey went to Lockport, N. Y., where he 
farmed for two years. In 1849, with his hard-earned savings, he emigrated to 
Noble County, where his brothers were, and purchased 160 acres of land in 
Sparta Township. After eight months, he disposed of this property, and pur- 
chased eighty acres in Jefferson Township. After clearing twenty-eight acres 
of this he sold it, and purchased 160 acres further south in the same township. 
He cleared twenty acres of this and then sold it. In about 1858, he purchased 
100 acres — his present farm. In 1857, he was united in marriage with Sarah 
Ann (Skeels) Storey, daughter of William Skeels and widow of his brother, 
Matthew Storey, who had by her first husband three children — George, Mary 
and Elizabeth (deceased). Mr. and Mrs. Storey had two children — Thomas and 
William, the latter being dead. Mr. Storey is a Democrat, and has twice been 
elected to the office of Township Assessor. Mr. and Mrs. Storey are adher- 
ents of the Roman Catholic Church, and highly esteemed people. 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 

JOSEPH BAILEY was born in Ashland County, Ohio, April 1, 1831. 
He is one of eight living children born to Susan and John Bailey. Joseph's 
parents were natives of Pennsylvania, and came to Ohio in an early day, and 
thence to Jefferson Township, Noble County, in 1836 ; then came with the 
Skinner family to this township and purchased 160 acres of land on Section 4, 
and returned to Ohio. In the fall of 1838, they moved out and permanently 
settled on the place. Mr. Bailey was a hard-working man, a member of the 
Protestant Methodist Church, and a Whig in politics, afterward a Republican. 
His wife died in 1865, and he in 1872. Joseph Bailey was raised on the farm 
clearing land and chopping cordwood. April 30, 1865, he married Mrs. Re- 
becca (Gibson) Collett, widow of Abraham Collett, and daughter of John Gibson, 
an early settler of Noble County. Mrs. Bailey bore her first husband one 
daughter, Sarah ; and her present husband two children — William and Eulilia, 
both of whom died in 1869. Mr. Bailey's chief employment has been farming 



400 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

but some years back followed threshing to a considerable extent. He came to 
Orange Township in 1865, where he has since farmed. The home farm consists 
of 350 acres of good farming and grazing land. Mrs. Bailey was born in Poca- 
hontas County, Va., April 15, 1826. Mr. Bailey is a Democrat, and he and 
wife are members of the M. E. Church. 

CHARLES BEIDELMAN was born in York County, Penn., February 
1, 1821. He is a son of Samuel and Eve (Miller) Beidelman, who were natives 
of Pennsylvania, and the parents of three children, two of whom are now alive. 
Mr. Beidelman was a distiller by occupation. He died when the subject was 
but a boy, and the mother with her family emigrated to what is now Morrow 
County, Ohio, in about 1835, where they resided until their removal to Indiana. 
Subject received but a limited education. His parents being poor, he had to work 
very hard in youth. At the age of twenty, he served an apprenticeship at the 
blacksmith trade, which was his principal employment previous to coming West. 
He was married, February 1, 1846, to Julia Ann Russell, and, in 1851, emi- 
grated to Noble County, and settled on his present farm in Orange Township. 
He and wife moved to Brimfield the spring of 1875, but still he works his farm. 
He owns ninety acres of land on Section 28. Has taken an active part in many 
public enterprises. Mr. Beidelman is a Republican, and he and wife are mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church. Mr. Beidelman's mother is yet living ; resides with 
her daughter, Susanna Lucas, at the advanced age of ninety-two years. 

WILLIAM BLISS. This gentleman was born in Brimfield, Mass., Octo- 
ber 27, 1816. Timothy and Margaret (McDonald) Bliss, his parents, were of 
English and Scotch descent, and natives of Massachusetts and New York. 
Timothy Bliss was a farmer and quite an extensive stock-dealer. William Bliss 
was reared on his father's farm, receiving a good common school and academical 
education. At the age of twenty-one, he left home, went to Chagrin Falls, Ohio, 
and there commenced business for himself. He was employed by a woolen fac- 
tory as wool-buyer, and in this capacity served ten or twelve years. He was 
married at this place to Miss Fanny M. Vincent, daughter of Dr. J. H. Vin- 
cent, September 8, 1841. In 1857. he located in Wolcottville, but carried on 
the manufacture of woolen goods at Rome City, under the firm name of William 
Bliss & Co. After serving as Superintendent about two years, he removed to 
his present home, where he had purchased 210 acres of land. He has given 
his children good school advantages. He now owns about one hundred and 
sixty acres of land adjoining the village of Brimfield. A short time after the 
location of the railroad, Mr. Bliss laid out the village of Brimfield and named 
it after his native town in Massachusetts. Mr. and Mrs. Bliss are parents of 
four children, viz., Frank T., Charles W., Emily M. and Mary L. The eldest 
son is single, and a resident of Chicago, and a member of the Board of Trade of 
that city. Charles married Nellie Clock, and resides in Orange Township. 
Both sons are graduates of a commercial college. The two daughters are single, 
the youngest being a graduate of music and a fine musician. Mr. Bliss is a Re- 
publican, and he and wife are Congregationalists in faith. They are old and 
esteemed residents of the place. 

E. M. COLDREN, merchant, was born in Eden Township, La Grange 
County, February 28, 1846. Jacob Coldren, his grandfather, was a native of 
Germany, and came to the United States about the year 17U5, shortly after- 
ward locating in Delaware County, Ohio, where they were among the first 
settlers. Harvey Coldren, son of Jacob and the father of our subject, was 
raised and married there. In 1837, he settled in Eden Township, La Grange 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 401 

County. The whole country then was an almost unbroken forest, with only 
Indian trails for roads. Mr. Coldren entered land, erected a rude log house, 
into which he moved his family. On his arrival he was a poor man, and was 
unable to hire work done. He was an unassuming man, and honorable in his 
dealings. He was the father of twenty children by two wives, ten by each. 
He died in March, 1879 ; was a member of the Baptist Church. E. M. Cold- 
ren lived on a farm from the age of eight to manhood. He received a good 
collegiate education, and was married February 24, 1869, to Miss Adda Pierson, 
of White Pigeon, Mich. This lady died November 26, 1871, leaving one child 
that followed her four months later. Mr. Coldren's second wife is Mary A. 
Andrews, to whom he was married September 24, 1872. This lady has borne 
him two children — Minnie and Ned. Mr. Coldren started farming in Kansas. 
Owing to ill health, he returned to Indiana, and started a grocery at Brimfield. 
In 1878, he formed a partnership with George Gaby, in a general store at the 
same place, which he has since continued. They are doing an average annual 
business of $25,000. Mr. and Mrs. Coldren are members of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. Mr. Coldren is a Greenbacker. While in Kansas, he re- 
ceived the nomination for the State Legislature by this party, but was defeated 
by two votes. 

STANFILL CORBIN. The spring of 1840, Stanfill Corbin, now a resi- 
dent of Section 7, Orange Township, Noble County, Ind., was living in Rich- 
land County, Ohio. His family consisted of a wife and three children, and he 
was living some sixty miles from his parents. John and Mary (Crane) Corbin, 
who then lived in Licking County, were natives of Virginia, and from there 
came to Licking County in 1824. The country there at that time was very 
new, and Mr. Corbin, being a great hunter, used to supply the family with 
meat while his sons would do the farm work. The spring of 1841, our subject 
and a son-in-law came to Noble County, Ind., and after clearing a place large 
enough on which to erect a cabin, went back for their families. Here the father, 
John Corbin, found a splendid place to satisfy his desire for hunting. In 1853, 
Mr. Corbin moved to York Township, where he died in May, 1864. His wife 
died on the old homestead, in Orange Township, in about 1850. Stanfill 
Corbin was born in Culpeper County, Va., April 17, 1814. The fall of 1834, 
while in Ohio, he married Margaret Lee, who bore him this family — Keziah 
A., Nathan H., Mary E., Philena E., Jane, Margaret, Franklin M., and three 
that died without names. Only the first six are now living. The mother died 
in September, 1858. Mr. Corbin is now living with his second wife, Mrs. 
Harriet Wyrick, to whom he was married in February, 1859. They have one 
daughter — Hattie V. Mrs. Corbin had by her first husband one son, Henry 
H., who served faithfully in the late war, and is now living in Orange Town- 
ship. Mr. Corbin owns over ninety acres of land; is a Greenbacker in politics, 
and a first-class citizen. 

CAPT. EDEN H. FISHER, son of Henry C. and Mary Ann (Eckert) 
Fisher, was born April 20, 1840, in Portage County, Ohio. His parents were 
residents of the village of Navarre, in Stark County, but at the time of the birth 
of our subject, the mother was with her parents in Portage County. The father 
was merchant of Nevarre. Came to Ligonier, Ind., in October, 1848, where 
he again embarked in mercantile pursuits. This he continued until about 
1860, when he retired from business, and has since been engaged in farming. 
In 1869, he removed to Douglas County, Kan., where he is yet living. He 
is a prominent citizen there, and has been elected a Representative to the Legis- 



402 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

lature of that State by the Republican party. Eden H. Fisher, subject of this 
sketch, is the eldest of a family of fourteen children. When eight years old, 
he came with his parents to Indiana, and from that time until about the break- 
ing-out of the war, attended the schools of Ligonier and Hillsdale College at 
Hillsdale, Mich. June 6, 1861, he enlisted as private in Company A, Twenty- 
first Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered into service 
at Indianapolis, July 24, 1861. This was one of the first regiments out under 
President Lincoln's three years' call, and they were assigned to the army of the 
Potomac. In November, 1861, they started with Gen. Lockwood on the East- 
ern shore campaign, which penetrated into Virginia for the purpose of dis- 
persing some rebel camps of instruction. After thoroughly scouring the 
peninsula, the returned to the old camp at Baltimore. In Februai-y, 1862, they 
were ordered to the front, and they then engaged in the celebrated Butler expe- 
dition around the coast. For a time they rendezvoused on Ship Island, then 
removed in time to be present but not participants in the bombardment of Forts 
St. Phillip and Jackson. From here Mr. Fisher, with his regiment, went to 
New Orleans, and after that they participated in the battle of Baton Rouge. 
Previous to this time, Mr. Fisher had been appointed Orderly Sergeant, but 
owing to the resignation of the Second Lieutenant, and the First Lieutenant 
acting Captain, who was then ill, Mr. Fisher was acting First Lieutenant, but 
only holding a Second Lieutenant's commission. At the first fire of the enemy, 
acting Cypt. Seely was killed, and the command of the company then de- 
volved upon Lieut. Fisher, who continued commander until he was wounded 
on Atchafalaya River. After the battle, Capt. Fisher was ordered out under 
a hospital flag, by his Colonel, to take charge of the field, and look after the 
dead and wounded. In October, 1862, they moved for Berwick's Bay. They 
remained here for several months, and in February, 1863, embarked on gun- 
boats and began clearing the channel of the Atchafalaya River. On their way 
up the bayou, they vrere met by a rebel gunboat, and in preparing for the attack, 
a shell, from the cannon on the hurricane deck of the boat on which Mr. Fisher 
was stationed, prematurely exploded, killing Lieut. Wolfe ; Capt. Fisher 
lost both legs. Speaking of this event, Indiana's Roll of Honor says : " The 
loss of two such gallant officers by accident was a terrible calamity." After 
lying in the hospital several months, he was sent home for recruiting service 
under orders of Gen. Banks. When on his way home from the hospital, he 
stopped in New York City, and while there attended the theater at which Miss 
Caroline Richings was to sing. As he was carried into the densely-filled hall 
by oflScers, Miss R. was standing under the old stars and stripes singing, " We 
are coming, Father Abraham," and the sight of a crippled officer just from the 
front, enthused the audience to such a pitch, that they arose in a body cheering 
loudly and waving their hats and handkerchiefs. In November, 1863, he was 
elected Auditor of Noble County and re-elected, serving in all eight years. 
He received the nomination for County Treasurer, but was defeated. Capt. 
Fisher, at one time, was a prominent candidate for State Auditor, but he was 
defeated in the nomination by a small majority. In January, 1873, he removed 
to Rome City, where he had charge of the woolen-mills until 1878, when they 
were burned. Since that time, he has been living a retired life in Rome City. 
He was married to Jennie M. Skillen, daughter of Judge Skillen, September 11, 
1864. They have had five children — Milan W., Mortimer 11., Clarence B., 
Mabel and Beulah. Mortimer and Clarence died of diphtheria in October, 1874. 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 403 

TIMOTHY GABY. The birthplace of Timothy Gaby was in Brown 
County, N. Y. His parents, George and Roxy (Caswell) Gaby, poor but 
honest farmers of Brown County, were natives of Vermont and New York, 
respectively. George Gaby, grandfather of Timothy Gaby, was a native of 
England, coming to America at the age of seven years. When grown to man- 
hood, he served in the Revolutionary war, as one of the defenders of Liberty, 
and during the latter part of his service was a commissioned officer. His son, 
George Gaby, father of our subject, was a farmer by occupation, but a hatter 
by trade. From Vermont, he moved to Herkimer County, N. Y., and there 
married a Miss Caswell. He worked at his trade for a time, afterward at 
farming. In Brown County, he and his father-in-law worked at saw-milling. 
Owing to his wife's ill health, Mr. Gaby moved back to Vermont, but her 
health not improving, he again returned to New York, where Mrs. Gaby died. 
Mr. Gaby served in the war of 1812, and died in Indiana a few years after 
the close of the rebellion. Timothy Gaby was born April 3, 1820. He came 
to Ohio with his father and started out for himself in Lorain County, with 
only an ax. Previous to coming to Indiana, his occupation was chopping 
cord-wood and clearing land. His marriage with Miss Mary Edmonds was 
solemnized April 12, 1841, and in 1844 he purchased 80 acres of land in 
Orange Township, Noble County, Ind., paying for the same a team, wagon 
and $40, that he had earned by chopping wood at thirty-one cents per cord, 
and $5 per acre for clearing land. Mr. Gaby was a man of energy. From 
poverty he has arisen to a position of wealth. He is a self-made man and owns 
over 400 acres of excellent land, which has been acquired by long years of 
labor and self-denial. He is a Democrat, and has held township offices. His 
wife is a member of the Baptist Church. There have been born seven 
children to them, viz.: Joanna, now Mrs. Schull ; James, married Alice Bar- 
ber ; Etha L., wife of L. Emahiser ; Emily, wife of W. Knox ; George, mar- 
ried Geneva Pancake ; Charles and Esther A. 

JEREMIAH GAULT, the subject of this sketch, is a son of William 
and Lydia (Fleck) Gault, who were both natives of Pennsylvania, and the 
parents of seven children, only five of whom are now living. The father was 
a farmer, and from Pennsylvania came to Seneca County, Ohio, the birth- 
place of our subject, where he resided until May, 1849, and then, to better his 
circumstances, came to Indiana, locating in Noble County, where he purchased 
80 acres of land. There being a small log-cabin on the place, he moved his 
family into it and began to clear and improve the place. In 1869, he sold this 
property, and removed to Kosciusko County, where he afterward died. He 
was a member of the Christian Church, and a Republican. Jeremiah Gault 
was born October 15, 1832. He was reared on a farm and received a common- 
school education. At the age of nineteen, he commenced life for himself, and 
from that time to his marriage was employed by the Lake Shore & Michigan 
Southern Railroad Company, as foreman in the construction of a portion of 
that road. He was married January 1, 1856, to Mary Myers, daughter of 
John Myers, deceased; and they have had one son, John E., who is at present 
attending college at Fort Wayne, Ind. After his marriage, for one and a half 
years, he was employed as clerk at Rome City, after which he purchased his 
present fiirm, where he has since resided and formed. He owns 167 acres of 
good land. 

WILLIAM HALL is a native of Vermont, and was reared on a farm 
in the States of New York and Ohio. His father died in Sandusky, Ohio, and 



404 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

his mother came to La Grange County, Ind., about 1846, where she died. 
William Hall came to La Grange County with his mother, and subsequently 
went West, where he remained but a short time, when he returned and 
located in Orange Township, this county, where he has been engaged in farm- 
ing most of his time since, and where he now resides. Mr. Hall is the owner 
of 100 acres of improved land, and owns a grocery in Milburn, Ohio. He is 
also at this time associated with J. M. Kinney, of Kendallville, in the livery 
business. 

C. B. HART, station agent, was born in Richland County, Ohio, Janu- 
ary 15, 1853. He is a son of J. B. and Rebecca (Smith) Hart, who were na- 
tives respectively of Connecticut and Pennsylvania. Rev. J. B. Hart, father 
of our subject, was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in that 
capacity has traveled over a good part of Ohio. He was a man who com- 
manded the esteem of his fellow-people in whatever section he was located. He 
died in the fall of 1868, but his widow is yet living, and resides in Brimfield. 
C. B. Hart is one in a family of eleven children, six of whom are yet living. 
He received a good education, and at the age of fifteen began railroading, which 
has been his principal employment since. He was employed at Stryker, Edger- 
ton, and other places, and July 1, 1877, he was sent to Brimfield by the Lake 
Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Company to take charge of the station 
at that place, and has made that his home ever since. The fall of 1879, he 
formed a partnei'ship with J. W. Albright in the grocery business at Brimfield, 
and subsequently purchased the entire stock. February 1, 1881, he and broth 
er, 0. T. Hart, formed a partnership under the firm name of Hart Bros., deal- 
ers in dry goods, provisions, groceries, etc., etc. They do an excellent busi- 
ness, and have an average annual trade of .$11,000. C. T. Hart has charge of 
the store, while C. B. Hart still continues his services with the Lake Shore & 
Michigan Southern Railroad Company as station agent, and express agent for 
the L^nited States Express Company. Mr. Hart was married, September 9, 
1874, to Miss Eliza Buckler, of Wauseon, Ohio, and to this union have been 
born four children — Bertha C, Ray E., Katie May, and one as yet unnamed. 
Mr. Hart is a thorough business man, a stanch Republican, and a member of 
the L 0. 0. F. of Brimfield. 

HENRY HITCHCOCK was born May 4, 1849, in Orange Township, 
and is one of the following family born to William H. and Roxanna (Hodges) Hitch- 
cock : Francis, Jeanette, two that died in infancy, Mary and Henry. The 
father of these, William Hitchcock, is a native of the " Bay State," and his 
father's name was Pliny Hitchcock. William moved from Massachusetts to 
New York, where his parents died, and where he married. In 1841, he and 
family moved to Orange Township, Noble County, and located on Section 8. 
Mr. Hitchcock is a hard-working, sober and industrious man, very decided in 
his views on politics, and religion, but reticent on such subjects. He is yet 
living, and owns 120 acres of land where he first settled. Henry Hitchcock 
received but a common-school education, and at the age of 20 began life on his 
own resources. September 12, 1871, he married Miss Minerva Dixon, and to 
them have been born five children — William H., May, Harry M., Pliny and 
Fred. Mrs. Hitchcock is the adopted daughter of William Dixon, her name 
originally being Miller, her mother dying when she was two years old. Henry 
Hitchcock is a successful farmer and enterprising citizen ; he owns eighty 
acres of well-improved land on Section 17. 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 405 

SAMUEL R. HOSLER was born November 10, 1820, in York County, 
Penn., and is oneof six children born to George and Catharine (Rourbaugh) Hos- 
ier, who were both natives of Pennsylvania. George Hosier, father of our subject, 
was a carpenter, but during the latter part of his life engaged in farming. In 
1881, he and fiimily moved to Morrow County. Ohio, where Mr. Hosier died. 
The subject of this sketch, to his twentieth year, worked at farming. He then 
served three years at the- carpenter's trade, after which he worked by the 
month two years ; he then formed a partnership with a brother-in-law, which 
continued six years. In 1850, he emigrated to Albion, Noble Co., where for 
one year he worked at his trade. He then moved to Northport, Orange Town- 
ship, where he again took up his trade. He erected, in Noble and La Grange 
Counties, the Bliss Woolen Mill and grist-mill, store buildings, etc., at Rome 
City, and a saw-mill, etc., at Wolcottville. After residing in Northport a num- 
ber of years, he moved to his present farm. The first real estate he possessed 
in the county was the place now owned by Henry Hitchcock. He never lived 
there, however, but soon traded it for a part of his present farm. Mr. Hosier 
at one time owned 465 acres of land, but at present only owns 205 acres, hav- 
ing given the rest to his children. He was married to Barbara Keifer in 1843, 
and they are the parents of five children, as follows : John H., William W., 
Mary C, Minerva (deceased) and Ella B. The first named, John H., was 
born in Morrow County, Ohio, December 21, 1844. His early life was passed in 
Rome City and near Brimfield. He attended Hillsdale College the winter of 
1865-66, and Eastman's Commercial College at Chicago the winter of 1866- 
67. and there graduated. He taught school in Noble County the two following 
winters, and after that was employed as clerk and book-keeper at Brimfield, 
Spring Green, Wis., Kendallville and Chicago. In January, 1875, he com- 
menced keeping books for Kellogg & Harris, of Reedsburg, Wis., in which ca- 
pacity he continued five years. In February, 1880, Mr. Kellogg retiring from 
the firm, Mr. Hosier succeeded him, and the firm name now is Harris & Hos- 
ier, dealers in general merchandise, grain, farm produce, hops, etc. The firm 
is one of the most prosperous in a thriving town of 1,500 inhabitants, situat- 
ed in the heart of the hop-growing district of the Northwest. They are agents 
for the American Express Company, and Mr. Harris is Postmaster of the 
town, Mr. Hosier being Deputy. John H. Hosier and Anna B. Gibson were 
united in wedlock November 28, 1872. This lady died at her parents' resi- 
dence near Wawaka, June 12, 1877, leaving one daughter, Grace, born Feb- 
ruary 16, 1876. Mr. Hosier's second marriage, with Miss Grace M. Bell, of 
Tomah, Wis., was solemnized September 14, 1880. Mr. Hosier is at present 
a member of the Masonic Order and Chapter in Wisconsin. William W. 
Hosier, the second son, was born in Morrow County, Ohio, April 22, 1846. 
At the age of four years, he came with his parents to Indiana, and 
here received the benefits of the common schools. He attended Eastman's 
Business College with his brother, and ever since then, with the exception of 
clerking six months in Brimfield. has been farming. He was married, Decem- 
ber 10, 1874, to Miss Mary E. Imes, daughter of William Imes, Esq., whose 
biography is found elsewhere. To them has been born one daughter — Maud 
M. Mrs. Hosier was born in Noble County, Ind., March 14, 1856. Soon 
after his marriage, he moved to his present place, where he has since resided. 
He owns 160 acres of excellent land and is one of the prosperous farmers of 
Orange Township. The two living daughters of Samuel R. Hosier are Mary 
C, wife of T. L. Imes, and Ella B., who is yet single and resides with her 



406 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

parents. The Hosier family are among the oldest and most respected in the 
township. They are enterprising citizens, liberal in their views on all subjects. 
The father is a life long Democrat in politics, while his sons are both Repub- 
licans. 

WILLIAM IMES. This gentleman is a native of Ohio ; was born in 
Belmont County July 19, 1829. His parents, Richard and Frances (Meeks) 
Imes, were parents of nine children, three of whom are now living. The fither 
■was a native of Virginia, and came to Belmont County, Ohio, in an early day, 
and from there to Richland County, Ohio, in 1829. Mr. Imes died here in 
1844. He was a farmer and miller. He was a member of the M. E. Church, 
and a Democrat. William Imes was reared in Ohio, obtaining an education 
from the district schools. At the age of si.xteen, he commenced learning the 
blacksmith's trade ; but, since moving from his native State, has been farming. 
In 1850, he came to this township, where land was cheap, and purchased 
eighty acres on Section 34. He located on this, and began clearing and 
improving it. He was in ordinary circumstances on his arrival ; but. by 
judicious management, has added to his first purchase, until at present, now 
owning 3.33 acres of finely improved land. March 1, 1849, he was united in 
marriage with Jane Halferty, and to them have been born seven children — 
Thomas L., John H., James P. (deceased), William A., Mary E., Milton E. 
and Isabell I. He is a Democrat ; has held the office of County Commissioner 
two terms, and the office of Township Assessor a number of years. Thomas 
L. Imes, his eldest son, was born in Ohio December 3, 1849. He came with 
his parents to Noble County, and lived with them until twenty-one, when he 
began for himself. He assisted his parents on the farm, and went to school. 
He taught school a number of terms, but has made farming his occupation. 
He was marricvl to Miss Mary C. Hosier March 13, 1873, and they are the 
parents of one daughter — Mabel. Mrs. Imes was born January 21, 1848. 
T. L. Imes is a Democrat, and a member of the I. 0. 0. F. of Brirafield. 

C. W. McMEANS. hardware. Among the old settlers of Noble County 
is the father of the subject of this sketch, John McMeans, who was born in 
Montgomery County, Ohio, November 23, 1807. He was married January 1, 
1829, to Eliza Becher, who was born September 30, 1809, in Bedford County, 
Penn. Mr. McMeans learned the potter's trade, and, during the spring of 
18-i8, came to Port Mitchell, then county seat of Noble County, and established 
a pottery. In September of the same year, his family joined him ; he after- 
ward removed to Green Township. Mr. McMeans was elected County Treas- 
urer in 1843 by the Whig party, and returned to Port Mitchell. While 
serving his second term, beginning in 1847, the county seat was changed to 
Albion, and with it removed to that place, where he has since resided. Mr. 
McMeans is yet living in Albion, but his wife died at that place April 12, 1877. 
They had ten children, five of whom are living. C. W. McMeans was born 
in Port Mitchell March 21, 1842. In youth, he learned the tinner's trade, 
and since the age of seventeen, has been doing for himself July 10, lSi31. he 
enlisted in Company 0, Nineteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and joined 
the Army of the Potomac. While in Washington, he, in some way through his 
food, was poisoned, supposed by Southern sympathizers. He was sent home, 
and for months was unable to do anything. At times, he is yet a suiferer from 
its effects. The fall of 1867, he came to Brimfield, and, October 15, married 
Ann E. Seely. daughter of one of the old pioneers of La Gran^ County, and 
in 1868 purchased a hardware stock, in partnership, at that place. Mr. 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 407 

McMeans, since 1871, has carried on the business alone. He and wife are 
parents of one son — John E. Mr. McMeans is a member of the Masonic Order 
and a stanch Republican. 

JAMES A. McQUEEN, one of the oldest living settlers of Orange Town- 
ship, was born July 25, 1804, in Mayfield, Montgomery Co., N. Y. His 
father, James McQueen, was a native of Scotland, and came to the United 
States, when he was five years old, with his parents. He married Grissel 
Waterman, in Montgomery County, and they were the parents of nine children, 
four only of whom are yet living. The parents died in New York. Our sub- 
ject was raised a farmer. In 1831, he married Statira Phelps, in Lewis County, 
and shortly after this he purchased a small farm in Oswego County, where he 
farmed five years. In 1836, he came to Indiana, and entered three eighty- 
acre lots, and then returned to New York. The spring of 1887, he came over- 
land with ox teams to his place in Orange Township, Noble County, and from 
Michigan he had to cut a road through the woods for the wagon to pass over. 
On his arrival, he cleared a place in which he erected a rude log cabin, which 
for fifteen years served as a shelter to the family. Mr, McQueen and family 
arrived in their new home the 1st of June, and by the middle of the following 
August the whole family were down with the ague, a disease very prevalent in 
an early day. For two years, they were unable to earn the bare necessities of 
life, and during this time death robbed the household of two of the brightest 
children. Mr. McQueen and wife were sufferers also. Indians were their 
nearest neighbors, and to make everything the more gloomy, the wolves and 
other wild animals would howl around their door, until the parents were almost 
crazy. They could not return to their old home, because they had no means. 
In speaking of this trying time, Mr. McQueen said, " God only knows how we 
suffered and got along in those days." Since then, civilization has changed 
the then unbroken forest to a prosperous and peaceful country. Mr. McQueen 
now owns 100 acres of good land, and a fine home. He and wife were parents 
of seven children — John D. (deceased), George, Bushrod (deceased). Clarrissa, 
C. E., Miranda and John L. Mr. McQueen was a Democrat in politics pre- 
vious to 1840, after which he became an Abolitionist, and then a Republican. 
For upward of fifty years he and wife have lived together, and there is a no 
more highly respected family in the township. 

EDWARD P. MOORE is a son of Benjamin Moore, who was a native of 
Albany, N. Y., and a posthumous child, his father dying before Benjamin's 
birth. The latter was bound out to a farmer with whom he lived until thirteen 
years of age, when, owing to ill treatment, he ran away. When a young man, 
he went to Delaware County, N. Y., where he engaged in farming. He here 
met, and, in October, 1833, married Charlotte Goodenough, and succeeding 
that event resided in his native State, farming until the spring of 1837, when 
he came to Elkhart Township, Noble County, Ind., entered eighty acres of 
land and commenced the erection of a log cabin, but taking sick had to forego 
its completion until the next year. He worked at several trades after coming 
to Indiana, one of them being shoe-making. The family continued to reside in 
Elkhart Township, and near Lima, La Grange County, until 1864, when they 
removed to Rome City, where Mr. Moore died the following year. He was a 
member of the M. E. Church, and a leading Republican. His widow waS born 
in Delaware County, N. Y., in 1814, and is yet living in Rome City. This 
couple were parents of two daughters and two sons, only the two latter being 
alive. Their names are Edward P. and William H. The latter married Jean- 



408 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

nette Hitchcock, and resides in Orange Township. Edward P. was reared in 
Noble County, and it has since been his home. He was married, November 7, 
1861, to Amanda Gibson, daughter of William Gibson, of Kosciusko County. 
They have had seven children — William, Jesse, Samantha, Charley, Nellie, 
Kitty, and one that died in infancy. Only Jesse, Samantha and Kitty are liv- 
ing. Mrs. Moore was born August 25. 1843. Mr. Moore is a Republican. 
Owns sixty acres of good land. 

A. J. NISWANDER, one of the early settlers of Orange Township, was 
born in Columbiana County, Ohio, September 14, 1814. She who became his 
wife was Mrs. Eve (Moutz) Engle, a widow lady with four children. Mr. Niswan- 
der removed to Indiana, and, in 1849, purchased eighty acres of woodland on 
Section ol of Orange Township. He was a poor man, and, after paying for his 
land, Mr. Niswander only had $1.50 with which to start housekeeping. The 
spring of 1850, he erected a hewn log-house on his property, which at 
the time was considered the best house in the neighborhood. After liv- 
ing here long years, clearing and improving the place, undergoing the hardships 
incident to a pioneer's life, Mr. and Mrs. Niswander sold the old place, and 
moved to the village of Brimfield, where they are yet living a retired life, mem- 
bers of the German Baptist Church. Isaac, their son, came with them to In- 
diana in 1849. He had but little advantages for an education. He began for 
himself at the age of twenty-two, and March 26, 1865, married Mary Mc- 
Ewen, daughter of William and Hannah (Dixon) McEwen. Their union has 
been blessed by the birth of two sons — Frank J. and James E. From the 
time of his marriage until he came to Brimfield, Mr. Niswander engaged 
steadily in farming with the exception of a few months in Kendallville, where 
he was in the dry goods trade. The spring of 1874, he formed a partnership 
with Dr. Endly in the drug business in Brimfield, but since 1876 he has car- 
ried on the trade alone. He is a successful business man ; is a Greenbacker, 
and a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and a first-class citizen. 

M. F. OWEN, station agent, was born in Norfolk County, Upper Canada, 
in 1851. He is a son of J. W. and Mary Owen, who were natives of New 
York. In 1857, our subject moved with his parents to the United States, and 
here was educated in the common schools. At the age of twenty-one, he com- 
menced railroading, and for a time was in the employ of the M. C. & L. M. R. 
R., but in December, 1874, his services were secured as station agent at Rome 
City by the G. R. & I. R. R., where he has remained to the present. While 
yet in the employ of the railroad company, he formed a partnership with 
Charles Swinehart in the boating business on Sylvan Lake. A further notice 
of this will be found elsewhere in this volume. Mr. Owen is also President 
and local manager of the steamer interests on the lake. He was married in 
June, 1876, to Miss Mary Hautton, who has borne him two daughters — Lura 
De and Jessie. Mr. Owen is a Democrat, and a member of the Chosen 
Friends of Rome City. He is the agent at Rome City for the United States 
Express Company. 

MRS. JANE PORTNER, widow of Daniel Portner (deceased), is the 
daughter of Daniel and Jane Dye, and is next to the youngest of eleven 
children. She is a native of Pennsylvania, where she was born April 24, 1820, 
and two years later accompanied her parents to Richland County, Ohio, where 
her father died in March, 1854, and her mother in August, 1857. The former 
was born in Virginia, 1776. and the latter in Maryland in 1779 ; they were 
married in 1797. They were members of the Baptist Church, and were 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 409 

respected by all. Mr. Dye held several oflBces of trust, and was a large land 
owner. Jane Dye and Daniel Portner were united in marriage February 5, 
1843. They remained in Ohio until in 1854, when they came to this county, 
and settled on the farm where Mrs. Portner is now living, and where Mr. 
Portner died July 1-3, 1858. He was born in Germany September 10, 1813, 
and was the second of eight children; came to America with his parents, Daniel 
and Christina Portner, in 1824. He remained in New York until 1840, when 
he came to Richland County, Ohio, where his parents died about one year 
later. Mr. and Mrs. Portner were parents of eight children, viz., Louisa J., 
born March 28, 1844, married Dr. M. C. Bonar, and is residing in Knox, 
Ind. ; Mary A., born June 30, 1845, now Mrs. William Gouser, farming 
in La Grange County ; Henry D., born March 22, 1847, married Alma Snyder, 
and is farming in La Grange County; Susan L., born June 30, 1848, now 
Mrs. Anthony Deft'enbaugh, resident of Nebraska ; William A., born June 30, 
1850, married Ruth Schooner, and is a marble dealer of Sturgis, Mich. ; Samuel 
M., born January 10, 1852, married Isabelle Stewart, farming in this county ; 
Daniel D., born December 21, 1854, single, and farming old homestead ; and 
Albert F., torn January 18, 1858. 

J. S. RINEHART, merchant, was born in Knox County, Ohio, May 9. 
185L He is a son of Joel and Ebeline (Starmer) Rinehart, natives of Penn- 
sylvania, and who moved to Ohio when they were but children. Being a 
farmer, Joel Rinehart went to Michigan with a view of settling there, but re- 
turned to Ohio, and in 1855 came to Jeiferson Township, Noble Co., Ind. 
Joshua S. Rinehart, in the spring of 1874, graduated at the Commercial Col- 
lege in Kalamazoo, Mich. He then engaged in clerking at Kendallville, after 
which he carried on a clothing establishment in Garrett for his former employers. 
In April, 1876, he opened a general store in Rome City, which he has since 
continued with increased success. His marriage with Miss Lucy Brothwell 
was solemnized April 4, 1876. This lady was born in Elkhart Township, 
Noble Co., Ind., October 29, 1847, and is the daughter of .John F. (deceased), 
and Merilda (White) Brothwell. Mr. and Mrs. Rinehart have one daughter — 
Beda B. John F. Brothwell was one of the earliest settlers of Noble County, 
and among the old pioneers none were more honored than he. He died 
December 18, 1874, aged sixty-seven years. We quote the following from an 
obituary of him, published in one of the county papers : " Mr. Brothwell was a 
native of Bridgeport, Conn., and came to this county in 1836. Being gifted 
by nature with a well-balanced mind, which had been developed by education, 
he became the leader in all that had a tendency to elevate his race, and in all 
matters appertaining to educational advancement. For many years, he was one 
of the County Commissioners, and in the discharge of his public duties he ever 
acted upon the same principles of honesty and fidelity that were leading traits 
in his character. He was twice elected to represent the county in the State 
Legislature, in which capacity he gave abundant satisfaction to his constituents. 
In his home, he was noted for domestic virtues, and his hospitality and his 
memory is embalmed in the hearts of those who knew him best." In conclusion, 
we can say that, in every sense of the word, Mr. Brothwell was one of nature's 
true noblemen. He suffered much in sickness, but welcomed death in the belief 
of the salvation of the whole human family. 

ROBERT D. RHEA. The father of the subject of this sketch, David D. 
Rhea, was among the earliest settlers of La Grange County. He was a native 
of Virginia, and the son of Robert Rhea, who came to America from Scotland, 



410 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

■with a brother, previous to the Revolutionary war, and located in Pocahontas 
County, Va. David D. Rhea was a farmer, and married Ruth Kennison ; be- 
tween 1830 and 1835, he emigrated to Indiana, and in about 183'J located in 
Clearspring Township. Mr. Rhea was a hunter, and has killed many deer. 
From Clearspring Township he moved to Clinton County, Iowa, in 1852. and 
he and wife lived there until their deaths. She died in 1856, and Mr. Rhea 
about ten years later. Robert D. Rhea was born in Benton Township, Elk- 
hart County, Ind., July 15, 1835. He received but a very limited education, 
and, with his parents, moved to Iowa in 1852, where he remained five years. 
He then came back to his native county, and one year afterward moved to La 
Grange County. The spring of 1861, he moved to his present place; he haa 
since made it his home. September 1, 1861, he enlisted in Company D, For- 
ty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was wounded in thearra at the battle of 
Shiloh April 6, 1862. The wound was a severe one, and resulted in his being 
discharged July 31, 1862. He was united in marriage with Miss Nancy New- 
house in September, 1860, and this lady bore him the following six children — 
Ruth A., Walter, John, Jesse, and two that died in infancy. Mr. Rhea is a 
Republican, and the owner of 160 acres of well-improved land. 

JOHN M. SCHERMERHORN. This gentleman's parents, Ernestua 
and Ann (Johnson) Schermerhorn, were old settlers of La Grange County, 
Ind., and natives respectively of New York and Massachusetts. The family 
genealogy is traced back to three brothers who left Germany and came to 
the United States previous to the Revolution. Becoming' naturalized, they 
made America their home, and fought in the Revolutionary war. Ernestus 
Schermerhorn was a farmer ; he emigrated to La Grange County in the spring 
of 1836, locating on the prairie near Lima. Living there two years, he re- 
moved to Clearspring Township, purchased a farm and resided there until his 
death, which occurred in February, 1876. Subject, July 25. 1862, enlisted in 
Company G, Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was finally dis- 
charged June 20, 1865. He was an active participant in the battle of Perry- 
ville, was in the Atlanta campaign and with Sherman on his march to the sea. 
At the close of the war, Mr. Schermerhorn returned home, and for one year 
attended the academy at Wolcottville On the 20th of March, 1868, he was 
married to Miss Jennie Atwood, and the same year removed to Orange Town- 
ship, where he has since been farming. He owns 210 acres of land, and is a 
Republican. Mrs. S. is a member of the M. E. Church. Mr. and Mrs. 
Schermerhorn have had two children — Blanche, deceased, and Ernest. His 
mother died in July, 1863. His father took a decided stand in opposition to 
slavery a short time previous to the war. 

JOHN TANNAR was born in Rochester, N. Y. — as were also his parents, 
William and Olive (Clow) Tannar — June 24, 1830. The family emigrated to 
Huron County, Ohio, in 1832, and from there to Allen Township, Noble 
County, Ind., in the fall of 1846. William Tannar, our subject's father, was 
a mechanic, but worked at farming principally in Noble County. John Tannar 
is one of fourteen children, one of whom, a daughter, is dead. He assisted his 
parents on the farm in youth, and received a common school education. In 
1858, he married Betsey Richardson, and to them were born two children — 
Rosetta Ann and Sarah Jane. The former is the wife of Albert Arehart; the 
latter is deceased. With the exception of ten years in Steuben County, Mr. 
Tannar has resided in Noble County, engaged in farming. He at present owns 
60 acres of very good land. He started for himself at the age of twenty-one. 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. . 411 

a poor man. Since that time, he has acquired his present property. He is a 
Republican, and a man of progressive ideas. His father was one of the early 
settlers of Rochester, and in that city erected many of the public buildings. 
The first jail of that city was built by him. After his arrival in Ohio, he 
worked at his trade until coming to Indiana. He purchased 160 acres of land 
in Allen Township. He was one of the pioneers of Noble County. John 
Tannar's grandfather, John Clow, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. 
From a severe wound received at Bunker Hill, he received a pension of $96 
per month. Mr. and Mrs. Tannar had each three brothers, who were in the 
late civil war. 

HON V. R. TAYLOR. (See biography of Philo Taylor, deceased. 
Johnson Township.) 

JOHN W. TEAL was born in Shelby County, Ind., December 23, 1831. 
He is a sou of Nathaniel and Ann (Walker) Teal, who were parents of seven 
children, five of whom are now living. The father was a native of Ohio. 
After graduating at one of the principal medical colleges with honor, he 
came to Shelby County, Ind., where he began practicing his profession. On his 
arrival, his possessions consisted of a horse, pill bags and 75 cents in money. 
After practicing a number of years, he quit, and engaged in mercantile pursuits 
in Shelbyville. In 1847, he sold out and moved to Indianapolis, where he 
began office practice. He died there in about 1876. The subject of this biog- 
raphy obtained a common-school education at Shelbyville. At the age of six- 
teen, he moved with his parents to Indianapolis, where for four years he went 
to school and clerked in stores of that city. In 1855, he married Christina 
Geisendorfi', and after that event engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods 
at Indianapolis. In 1863, he came to Rome City, where he has since resided, 
and has been engaged in different kinds of business, among them being woolen 
manufacturing, mercantile and farming. He now owns 110 acres of good land 
near Rome City, a livery stable in that town, besides other town property. 
Mr. Teal is a Republican ; his wife is a member of the M. E. Church, and they 
are parents of Emma (deceased), William, Frederick, Edmund (deceased), Na- 
thaniel (deceased) and John. 

JAMES L. TRADER, physician and surgeon, was born in Union- 
town, Peun., June 9, 1846. He is a son of Tegle and Mahala (Hatfield) 
Trader, and grandson of Staten Trader, a native of England, who came with 
his parents to America and settled in Maryland, near Snow Hill. Staten 
Trader here married a Miss Long, who bore him a large family of children, 
one of them being Tegle, the father of Dr. Trader. Tegle Trader and family 
went to Western Pennsylvania, and there engaged in agricultural pursuits. 
He resided on the farm until recently, when he removed to Uniontown, where 
he and wife are yet living, retired from active life. The subject of this biog- 
raphy is one of eight children. His early years were passed in going to the 
common and graded schools of his native town, and later in years attending 
college, for the purpose of fitting himself to enter the medical college. For 
two years, he read under Dr. Fuller, an eminent physician of Western Penn- 
sylvania. He attended the Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia the 
season of 1869-70, and graduated from that institution the season of 1870-71. 
Soon after his graduation. Dr. Trader located in Uniontown, and for six years 
successfully carried on the practice of his profession. From there he removed 
to Perryopolis, practicing at that place one year. While here, and on the 12th 
of July, 1877, he married Carrie May Porter, and soon after this event he 



412 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

removed to Brimfield, Ind., where he has since remained. Dr. Trader has 
been very successful in his practice at this place, and by his pleasing address 
and energy he devotes to his business has won many warm and true friends. 
To his marriage with Miss Porter there has been born one son — John Porter, 
born January 7, 1879. 

WILLIAM H. TROWBRIDGE was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., 
March 4, 1828. He is a son of Samuel and Bethiah (Winslow) Trowbridge, 
who were both natives of New York and the parents of eight children, six 
sons of whom are yet living. Mr. Trowbridge, the father, was a carpenter 
and joiner by trade, also worked at cabinet making while in York State. In 
about 1834, he, with his family, moved to Ohio; but after a residence in Cuya- 
hoga County for a short time, he became dissatified with the country and moved 
back to hia native State, but again returned to Ohio, locating in Geauga 
County, thence to Indiana. They came overland through the Black Swamp 
in Ohio to Noble County, locating on Section 35, in Orange Township. After 
living there about five years, he moved near Kendallville, and from there to 
Section 36, in Orange Township, in 18.53. In 1867, he sold out, moved to 
lona County, Mich., where he died a month or so after his arrival. He was 
one of Orange Township's earliest settlers, and deserves due mention in the 
history of that township. His wife died the spring of 1872. W. H. Trow- 
bridge was reared a farmer. At the age of twenty-four, he started overland 
for California, but instead of going to the expected destination he went to 
Oregon, where he engaged in lumbering. The spring of 1855 he returned 
to Indiana, and purchased his present place. He was married, November 22, 
1862, to Ann Eliza Wilson, who bore him one son — Herbert H., who has since 
died. The mother died April 10, 1865, and August 10, 1867, Mr. Trowbridge 
married his present wife, Berthana Woodruffe. This lady has borne him seven 
children — George F., Joseph P., Walter, Harry, Emma and two that died in 
infancy. Mr. Trowbridge is a Republican and owns eighty acres of good land. 

JACOB A. WALDRON. Lewis Waldron, father of our subject, was born 
November 30, 1814, in Rockland County, N. Y., and is one of seven children, 
three yet living, born to Jacob and Furtama (Phillips) Waldron, who were of 
English descent. Lewis Waldron has made farming and clearing his chief em- 
ployment through life. In 1817, he came with his parents to Delaware County, 
Ohio, and from there to Indiana in June, 1836, locating in Elkhart Township, 
Noble County, where his parents died. In 1846, Lewis Waldron and family 
moved to the place now owned by John Schermerhorn in Orange Township ; 
then to Brimfield during the war. His wife, Sabina Holden, was born in On- 
tario County, N. Y., January 30, 1807, and they were married April 4, 1832. 
To them has been born seven children, all of whom are yet living. Jacob A. 
Waldron, the oldest, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, in 1833, and has 
always farmed. In 1855, he married Mary L. Lake, who died in 1864, leaving 
four children — Viola C, Lillie L., Sherman T. and Sheridan. February 15, 
1866, Mr. Waldron married his present wife. Miss Achsah Reed. He is a 
Democrat, and is a Trustee of Orange Township at the present. He owns six- 
ty-four and one-half acres of good land, and is a member of the Masonic Order 
of Rome City. Mrs. Waldron is a member of the Free- Will Baptist Church. 

H. H. WARNER was born in Cortland County, N. Y., April 25, 1822, 
and is one of eleven children born to Ira and Acenith (Hitchcock) Warner. 
The parents were natives of Massachusetts and farmers. The subject came 
West to Indiana in 1849. Having relatives in Orange Township, Noble County, 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 413 

he located on his present place, where he has ever since resided. Mr. Warner 
came in time to see much new country, and to clear his farm principally of all 
its timber. In 1847, he married Ursula J. Hitchcock, and they have had one 
child — Maggie W., the wife of G. T. Brothwell. Mr. Warner owns 500 acres 
of land, which he and Mr. Brothwell farm, and also carry on stock-raising. 
Mr. Warner is a Republican. His wife was born in Orleans County, N. Y., 
September 15, 1822, and is a member of the M. E. Church. G. T. Brothwell 
was born January 25, 1841, in Bridgeport, Conn. Emery Brothwell and 
Polina Treadwell, his parents, are both dead. Gr. T. Brothwell came to 
Noble County in May, 1858, and lived with his uncle, John F., until the 
breaking-out of the war. August 12, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Twelfth 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Fifteenth Army Corps, and was discharged June 

20, 1865. Richmond, Ky., was the first battle he engaged in, and was there 
taken prisoner. He was paroled, came home on a furlough, after which he was 
exchanged, and then rejoined his regiment. He was an active participant in 
the battles of Chattanooga, Mission Ridge, Kenesaw and Lookout Mountain, 
Vicksburg, all through the Atlanta Campaign, with Sherman on his memorable 
march to the sea, and with Sherman went to Washington. After the war, Mr. 
Brothwell returned to his native town, and took a thorough course in Bryant & 
Stratton's Business College. Afterward, he came to South Bend, Ind., where 
for two years he was engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods. January 

21, 1849, he married, and since that event has been chiefly engaged in farming 
in Orange Township. He and wife are members of the M. E. Church, and 
Mr. Brothwell is a Republican in politics. 

C. C. WATKINS. The father of the subject, Orlin Watkins, was born 
in Ontario County, N. Y., December 24, 1798. He was a son of Nathan and 
Sarah (Clark) Watkins, and grandson of Capt. William Watkins (Captain in 
the Revolution). His great-grandfather Watkins was a native of Wales, and 
during the religious disturbances there, in 1688, he and a brother fled to 
America. Orlin Watkins was raised a farmer. He was married March 13, 
1822, to Electa S. Ketchum. After his marriage, he engaged in the manufact- 
ure of woolen goods in Naples. N. Y. The spring of 1836 he sold out, came 
to Noble County, and entered 400 acres on Sections 21 and 27 in Orange 
Township; returned to New York. The fall of 1836, he brought his family, but 
did not locate until the next year. The winter of 1836-37, he was in Michigan, 
and the fall of 1837 came to Noble County, leaving his family in Wayne Town- 
ship, until he could erect a cabin. He resided in Orange Township until his 
death. June 13, 1860. His wife died on the 17th of August, 1854. They 
were the parents of five children, four living. Mr. Watkins was a Whig, but, 
beginning with John C. Fremont's candidacy, became a permanent Republican. 
He was a worker in the Congregational faith. Calvin C. Watkins was born 
October 26, 1826. He came with his parents to Indiana. He was married 
September 24, 1858, to Nancy J. Piatt, a native of Knox County, Ohio. 
Their union has been blessed with six children — Warren C, Fanny F., Timothy 
C, Lizzie A., Nathan A. and Willie H. Lizzie is dead. Mr. Watkins has 
made Orange Township his home since coming to Noble County. He owns 
200 acres of good land, is a Republican, and he and wife are members of the 
Protestant Methodist Church. Mr. Watkins is a member of the Masons, the 
Knights of Honor and the Odd Fellows. 

CHRISTIAN WEAVER, farmer, came to Indiana September 30, 1849. 
He was born in Ohio, and lived there with his parents until twenty-three years 



414 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

of age. He spent some time at clearing land, and bought 108 acres of wooded 
land in Orange Township, then went back to Ohio. He made the journey on 
foot, a distance of 300 miles, with the exception of sixteen miles that he traveled 
by rail, from Fort Finley to Gary, on the first cars he had ever seen. He 
returned in 1850, and September 20, 18-51, was married to Susanna Towns, 
native of Ohio, and daughter of John and Mary Towns, who located on a farm, 
in 1850, in Steuben County, Ind., where they died. Mr. Weaver's farm now 
numbers 267 acres of land of the best soil to be found in the county, and in 
place of the old log cabin stands a commodious frame residence, and the farm 
is well superintended by the owner, who is a thorough farmer. Mr. and Mrs. 
Weaver are members of the German Baptist Church, and have had five children 
— John (deceased), William, who is one of the most active and prosperous 
farmers of Elkhart Township ; Sylvanus and Wesley, living at home, and Cor- 
nelius (deceased.) 

JACOB WEAVER. January 30, 1827, there was born to Christian and 
Christina (Hetrick) Weaver, the subject of this sketch, in Columbiana County, 
Ohio. The mother died after bearing Mr. Weaver a family of twelve children, 
and this gentlemen married Mrs. Sally Hofi"man for his second wife, who bore 
him two children. Mr. Weaver is now dead, but his last wife is yet living. 
Father of subject was a farmer. He was an honest, straightforward man, a 
Deacon in the German Baptist Church, and a well-respected citizen. Jacob 
Weaver was reared on his father's farm, assisting his parents in the duties of 
farm life that devolved on them. His educational advantages were very limited, 
and he received but a meager schooling. He emigrated to Indiana the fall of 
1849, and for a few months resided in Jefferson Township. Early the next 
year, he removed to Orange Township, which he has since made his home. The 
country at that time was quite wild, and small clearings were all that attested 
that people had been there. Mr. Weaver worked around at different jobs until 
his marriage to Lydia Towns the fall of 1852, since when he has been living 
on his present place. He commenced with small means at his command, but 
by hard labor and economy has made a competence. He owns 102 acres of 
well-improved land, and is in good financial circumstances. He is a Democrat, 
and he and wife are members of the German Baptist Church. The children 
born to them are as follows : Rachel, David, Lee, Lou, Jacob and Lona, living, 
and Ellen, Eli, John and Rosetta, dead. 

CHARLES A. WILSON, M. D., proprietor of the Mineral Springs 
Therapy, Rome City, was born April 20, 1842, in Worcester County, Mass. 
He is one of five children, of whom VVheaton and Jerusha (Chase) Wilson were 
the parents. Up to the age of nineteen, he lived at home, and received a good 
practical education. At the age of twelve, he began working at ornamental 
painting, but discontinued it for the study of medicine when sixteen. He left 
his studies and enlisted, September, 1861, in Company I, Twenty-fifth Mass- 
achusetts Volunteer Infantry. He served in the infantry until after the capture 
of Newborn as Assistant Hospital Steward, and was then transferred on the 
United States steamer Delaware, and, after six months, to the ship Onward. 
This vessel left port with sealed instructions, not to be opened until they had 
sailed easterly 100 miles. On opening these instructions, it was found that 
they were out for a two years' cruise in search of the Alabama and Florida, and 
to protect the rights of American citizens in foreign ports. For a year and nine 
months they cruised around with ordinary success. Dr. Wilson, on this trip, 
obtained a good knowledge of surgery, besides a memorable experience in for- 



ORANGE TOWNSHIP. 415 

eign countries. He was discharged in the fall of 1864, and, that winter, took 
another course of lectures at Harvard. He graduated with honors from that 
institution in the winter of 1868, and up to 1870 practiced medicine in Mon- 
tague. He then came to Kendallville, Ind., and from there to Wolcottville two 
years later. At the latter place he had a good practice. He came to Rome 
City and established his Mineral Springs Therapy and Water Cure. He has 
now good facilities for treatment of chronic diseases. The Doctor is the in- 
ventor of an abdominal supporter. He was married in November, 1868. to 
Harriet S. Brick, and to them has been born one son — Charles F. He is a 
Republican, and he and wife are members of the Baptist Church at Wolcott- 
ville. 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 

JAMES M. AMOS was born in Baltimore County, Md., January 3, 
1816, and is a son of Frederick and Naomi (Alderson) Amos, both of whom 
were born, reared, married and had a family of eleven children born to them 
in Maryland, the subject of this sketch being the youngest. When about ten 
years of age, his parents moved to Cumberland County, Penn., and from there 
to Richland County, Ohio, in 1836, where they resided. The father was a 
man of good education and of more than an average degree of intelligence. 
He taught school, was a farmer and surveyor. James M. Amos was reared on 
a farm, received only a fair education, and remained at home until twenty-eight 
years old. He was married December 28, 1843, to Miss Margaret Weaver, 
who was born in Richland County, Ohio, December 18. 1825. To this union 
were born six children — John D., Martha and Susan, living ; and Waldo, 
Naomi and William, deceased. Mr. Amos farmed in Ohio until 1858, when he 
came to his present place in Noble County, where he has since remained. He 
started a poor boy, but, by industry and economy, has placed himself in 
comfortable circumstances. He is a Democrat in politics, and a prominent 
citizen. 

HENRY BAUM is a native of Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, born Feb- 
ruary 28, 1817. His parents died when he was quite young, and he was sent 
to this country to be reared by an uncle who resided in Ohio. After a few 
years the uncle died, and young Baum went to Pennsylvania, where for a num- 
ber of years he was employed upon a canal. He was united in marriage with 
Miss Sarah Fryer, in 1838. She was born in Snyder County, Penn., June 
28, 1816. To them were born two children, viz. : Emanuel F. and Permelia. 
In 1854, Mr. Baum came to Avilla, and engaged in the mercantile business, in 
which he continued until 1878. He was Postmaster at Avilla some eight years. 
His son, Emanuel, was born September 23, 1844, and, to a great extent, has 
always assisted Mr. Baum with his busmess. He was married to Miss Frances 
A. Young, September 15, 1874. This lady was born in De Kalb County, Ind., 
May 26, 1853. They have one child — Charlton H. Mrs. Baum has for some 
time been connected with the Avilla School as teacher, a position she fills with 
much credit. 

MONROE BENDER was born in the Swiss Republic March 24, 1814. 
His parents, Otmer and Osa Bender, emigrated to this country in 1838. and 
settled at. Shelby, Richland Co., Ohio. Six weeks after their arrival, the 
mother died. In the family were eight sons and four daughters. The father 



416 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

made Richland County his home, where he was well and favorably known. 
Monroe Bender received but a limited education, and, when fourteen years of 
age, went to Norwalk, Ohio, where, for live years, he worked at whatever he 
could get to do. He then worked in a mill at Bellevue, Ohio, after which he 
entered the employ of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, working 
in the shops and as fireman on the road. He also worked in the shops of the 
Pennsylvania Railway Company at Fort Wayne, and then went to Ohio, and 
until 1860 was engaged in the mercantile business. He then came to this 
county, and has since been engaged in farming and stock-raising. He was 
married to Miss Fanny Stigmire in 1861. She was born in Switzerland Octo- 
ber 16, 1836, was baptized by Father Stoker, and from seven to fifteen years 
of age attended school in her native country. She then learned the dress- 
maker's trade, at which she worked carefully, saving her money until twenty- 
three years of age, when she came to this country alone, and until her marriage 
with Mr. Bender made her home with friends in Seneca County, Ohio. Mr. 
and Mrs. Bender have had a family of five children, viz.: Samuel F., Amelia 
v., Emma L., Frank M. and Fanny M. Mr. Bender owns 280 acres of land, 
which is nicely improved and well stocked. He is a Democrat, and he and 
family are members of the Catholic Church at Avilla. 

DAVIS BLACK was born in Cumberland County, Penn., August 7, 
1825. He is the son of Peter and Martha (Amos) Black, full mention of whom 
is made in another part of this work. Davis Black was brought up on his 
father's farm, receiving his education in the log schoolhouses of that day. He 
married Miss Caroline Sigler May 23, 1850. Mrs. Black was born in Rich- 
land County, Ohio, in 1826. The fall following their marriage, they moved 
to this county, and purchased eighty acres of land. This was unimproved at 
the time. They have since added to it, until they now own 160 acres, which 
are nicely improved and well stocked. To them have been born four children, 
viz.: Matilda A., Martha D. and William W., living, and Mary E., deceased. 
Mr. Black began life as a poor man, and he and wife have made what they 
have since their marriage. They are public-spirited people, and have the 
respect of all who are acquainted with them. Mr. Black is a Democrat, but 
liberal in his views. 

FREDERICK A. BLACK was born in Harford County, Md., July 31, 
1813. He is the son of Peter and Martha (Amos) Black, who were born, 
reared and married in Maryland. They removed to Lancaster County, Penn., 
in 1819, and then in a few years to Cumberland County, the same State. In 
1833, they moved to Richland County, Ohio, and to this county in 1852. In 
their family were eight sons and two daughters, the greater portion of whom 
now reside in Noble County. The fither was a soldier of the war of 1812, 
and participated in a number of engagements. He was a Jackson Democrat, 
and held many positions of honor and trust. Both he and wife have been 
dead some years. Frederick A. Black was brought up on a farm, and received 
few advantages for obtaining an education. When about twenty-four years of 
age, he began working in a saw-mill, and for seven years continued in this 
business. He was maried to Miss Sophia Shafer in 1836. She was born in 
Bedford County, Penn., in 1817. From this union there were seven children, 
viz.: Mary A., John D., Margaret E., Elizabeth, Sarah M., Peter 0. and 
Jane S. In 1845, Mr. Black came to this county, and purchased eighty 
acres of land in Jefferson Township. He has added to his first purchase from 
time to time, until he now owns 376 acres. He has always followed farming 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 417 

and stock-raising, and has done much toward improving the stock of Noble 
County. He is a self-made man in the fullest sense of the term. He has held 
the office of County Commissioner three terms, during which time he suggested 
and carried out many needed reforms in the management of the county's affairs. 
He has also held the office of School Trustee. Justice of the Peace and other 
offices, and proved valuable and efficient. Mrs. Black died in 1850, since 
which Mr. Hlack has remained single, caring for his family and keeping them 
together until their respective marriages. He is a Democrat in politics, and a 
useful and honored citizen. 

M. BLUST was born in Seneca County, Ohio, September 13, 1844. He 
is the son of George and Elizabeth (Myer) Blust, who were natives of Ger- 
many, where for seven years the father served as a soldier. In 1837, he came 
with his family to this country, and located in Seneca County, Ohio, where he 
engaged in farming. He was twice married. To the first marriage there 
were nine children and by the second six. He was an industrious man, a good 
citizen and a member of the Catholic Church. Our subject was reared on a 
farm and received but a limited education. When about nineteen, he left home 
and came to Avilla, Ind., and for some time worked at carpentering. He then 
began manufacturing brick and erecting buildings, and has thus continued. 
He makes about 500,000 brick per annum, and has been in the business some 
nineteen years. In 1875, he began to manufacture drain tile, which he is 
now engaged in quite extensively. Both the tile and brick he manufactures 
are of a superior quality, and he finds ready sale for them. He was united in 
marriage with Miss Bernedena Soele January 7, 1869, born in Pittsburgh, 
Penn., December 25, 1844. From this union there were five children, viz. : 
Mary E., Frances A., Emma and two that died in infancy. Mr. Blust is an 
industrious man and a prominent member of the Catholic Church. 

MRS. FRANCES R. BROUGHTON is a native of Juniata County, 
Penn., born November 12, 1831. She is the daughter of Joseph and Susan 
(Garehart) Smith, mention of whom is made in the biography of Samuel E. 
Smith, Swan Township. Mrs. Broughton remained with her parents until 
1848, when she came with Henry Fryer and family to Allen Township. On 
the 3d of July, 1852, she was united in marriage with Mr. Nathan Broughton. 
He was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., March 18, 1828. Mr. Broughton 
came with his widowed mother and family to Swan Township in 1839. He 
began life as a poor boy, having received but a limited education ; but possess- 
ing a strong will and a desire to succeed, he, with the assistance of his good 
wife, made for his family a comfortable home. He was a man of decided po- 
litical and religious views, ever favoring the right and promptly rejecting and 
opposing everything known to be wrong. This early settler departed this life 
August 6, 1877. In his family were five children, viz.: Clara P., Cornelia 
A., William A., Everette W. and Florence A. Mrs. Broughton has resided on 
the old homestead and cared for the family since her husband's death. She is 
quiet and unassuming in her manners, is a lady of culture and refinement and 
has the respect of all who know her. 

WILLIAM BROUGHTON was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., June 
29, 1822, the son of Amos and Nancy (Timmerman) Broughton, a sketch of 
whom appears in the history of Swan Township, this work. William came 
with the family to Swan Township in 1839, and the winter following returned 
to Champaign County, Ohio, where he attended school. On his return, he and 
his brother Samuel began making brick at Swan. He was married to Miss 



418 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Rebecca Gosper March 24, 1844. She was born in Wayne County, Ohio, 
December 12, 1825. There were seven children born to them, viz. : Charles 
W., Cordelia, Mortimer, Forbes H., Lafayette, Frank and Nora. Charles W., 
Mortimer and Forbes H. each served their country three years in the war of 
the rebellion, and Charles W. was severely wounded at the battle of Shiloh. 
Mrs. Broughton died October 16, 1880. She was a loving wife, a kind 
mother and a Christian lady. Mr. Broughton married Mrs. Hannah (Gosper) 
Srayer April 23, 1881. She was born in Wayne County, Ohio, May 24, 
1833. Mr. Broughton built the Albion and Kendallville Schoolhouses, two 
churches at Albion and a number of other buildings in the county. He super- 
intended the making of brick for two years for the Northern Indiana State 
Prison. He is a stanch Republican, and did much to encourage a strong loyal 
sentiment at the North during the late war. He appraised the real estate of 
Noble County in 1862, and has held the oflSce of County Commissioner and 
various other positions in his township. He owns a nicely improved farm and 
is one of the practical men of Noble County. 

CURTIS BROUSE, Jr., was born in Medina County, Ohio, October 20, 
1840, son of Curtis and Rebecca (Wall) Brouse, the father being a native of 
Medina County and the mother of Pennsylvania, and married in Ohio. They 
moved to Lorain County, Ohio, and from there to Noble County, Ind., in 1854, 
locating on the place now owned by our subject. The father is now living in 
Kendallville, but the mother is deceased. Curtis Brouse, .Ir., received a com- 
mon education, and assisted his pai'ents on the farm until September, 1861, 
when he enlisted in Company F, Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He 
was a participant in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, Perryville ; at Stone River 
he was shot through the left lung near the heart, the ball passing entirely 
through his body. He lay two days and nights where befell before his wounds 
were dressed ; but, on the enemy's evacuation of the battle-field, he returned to 
the hands of our troops and was moved to Nashville, and from there to Louis- 
ville, then sent to Quincy, 111., where he was discharged May 11, 1863. Six 
years he resided in Michigan, and with the exception of this time, he has con- 
tinued to farm in Noble County. July 1, 1864, he married Miss Alvina Mat- 
thew, a native of Grant County, Wis., born May 7, 1846. June 1, 1865, there 
was born to this union one son, Ulysses C. Mr. Brouse owns ninety acres of 
land, but farms 200, 110 of which belongs to his father. He has made what 
be now owns by hard work and economy. He is a Republican, a member of the 
Protestant Methodist Church, and an intelligent citizen. 

JOHN CRONE was born in Franklin County, Penn., August 26, 1818. 
He is one of a family of nine children, born to John and Elizabeth (Pence) 
Crone, both of whom were natives of the Keystone State. They were marrieil 
at Little York, Penn., and removed from there to Richland County. Ohio, in 
1832. The father was a Fife Major in a Pennsylvania regiment during the 
war of 1812. He was a blacksmith by trade, and had the respect of all who 
knew him. He and wife both died in Richland County, Ohio. John Crone 
received but a limited education, and remained at home, working for his father, 
until he attained his majority. He was married to Miss Catharine Switzer 
August 27, 1839, who was born in Richland County, Ohio, February 27, 1821. 
From this union there were twelve children, viz. : Daniel, Elizabeth, Barbara, 
Joseph W., Mary J., John S., William H., Sarah A., Amy R., Lucy I., and 
two that died in infancy. Mr. Crone remained in Ohio farming until 184'.>. 
when he came with his family to this country and settled on a portion of the 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 419 

land he now owns. He has added to his first purchase here until he now owns 
222 acres, which is nicely improved and well stocked. He is a Democrat ; a 
member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and a hospitable Christian. 

REV. DOMINIE DUEHMIG was born in Ebenheid, Baden, November 
9, 1842, one of twelve children born to Erasmus and Anna (Beahtold) Dueh- 
mig, natives of Bavaria and Baden respectively. The father was a man of 
intelligence and education, and his occupation was farming and weaving. All 
the sons were college graduates. He died in 1873, and his widow six years 
later. Our subject attended the Parish schools until fourteen years of age ; 
during this time he had taken private instruction in Latin. He then attended 
a high school at Bischofsbeim for four years, after which he attended school at 
Wertheim two years. He attended the University of Freiburg, Baden, eighteen 
months, and while there took up the study of theology. He graduated from 
the University of Louvain, Belgium, in 1866, and in March of the same year 
was ordained a Deacon of the Catholic Church by Cardinal De Ster, Arch- 
bishop of Malines, Belgium. August 5, 1866, he was ordained a priest (for 
the American Mission) by the Bishop of Liege, Belgium. In the latter part 
of 1866, he came to this country, and was placed on the Huntington, Ind., 
charge, as assistant. After about two months he was appointed to the Avilla 
charge. Since coming here he has strengthened the congregation, and built 
one of the finest churches in the county. He has also built churches at Albion, 
Bremen, Kendallville, Ligonier and one in Swan Township, and increased the 
congregations at all these points. When he came first to his present charge, it 
included the Missions in Noble, De Kalb, Steuben, La Grange, Elkhart, Kos- 
ciusko, Marshall, Whitley and a portion of Allen County, which now require 
the labor of five resident priests. Father Duehmig is an enthusiastic worker in 
the important position he occupies and as a pastor has achieved great success. 

SAMUEL C. FAIRBANKS was born February 19, 1822, in Jefierson 
County, N. Y. His parents, James and Margery (Potter) Fairbanks, were 
also natives of the Empire State, whence they moved, in 1833, to Geauga 
County, Ohio. Here they passed the remainder of their days, engaged in agricult- 
ural pursuits. The father served as a soldier in the war of 1812, and to him and 
wife were born eight children. Samuel C. was brought up on his father's 
farm, and from boyhood was accustomed to hard work. He was united in mar- 
riage with Miss Margaret E. Armstrong August 29, 1844. This lady was 
born in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., October 3, 1824. From this union there 
are three children, viz. : George H., Emma E. and Harriet L. Mr. Fair- 
banks remained in Ohio, engaged in farming, until 1846, when he came to this 
county and purchased 80 acres of land. He had little or no means, and he 
and wife saw many hardships, and had to work hard and use strict economy 
before they found themselves in possession of a comfortable home. They now 
own 153 acres of nicely improved land. Mr. Fairbanks is a Democrat, and 
has held positions of honor and trust in the township. He and family are in- 
telligent reading people, and have the respect and confidence of all who know 
them. 

AARON FIELDS was born in Vermont July 30, 1826. He is one of 
ten children born to Josiah and Eliza (Halstead) Fields, natives of the Green 
Mountain State. They moved to Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 1830, where, 
May 5, 1843, the father died. The mother died in this county August 15, 
1864. Aaron Fields received but a limited education, and soon after the death 
of his father, he left home, and, after roaming around some time, lociited in 

WW 



420 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Kendall County, 111. Here he remained until 1846, when he enlisted in Com- 
pany E, Second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served one year in the Mexi- 
can war. He participated in the battle of Buena Vista, and a number of lesser 
engagements. After the war, he returned to Ohio, and on the 3d of July, 
1851, was united in marriage with Miss Nancy Stray. She was born in Wy- 
oming County, N. Y., October 8, 1832. To them were born eight children, 
five of whom are now living — Alice J., Francis M., Forrest E., Minnie U. and 
Maud. Those deceased are Flora A., Laura T. and Mary M. Mr. Fields was 
engaged in farming and carpentering in Ohio until 1852, when he came to 
this county, where he has since resided. He owns 90 acres of well-improved 
land : is a Republican. 

MONROE L. GAWTHROP was born in La Grange County, Ind., 
September 28, 1836, and is a son of Samuel and Prutia (Littlefield) Gawthrop, 
natives of New York State. Edmund Littlefield, grandfather of our subject, 
emigrated from New York to Adrian. Mich., in about 1825, and shortly after 
this came to Pretty Prairie, in La Grange County, and was among the first 
settlers. Our subject's parents were married in Greenfield Township, La 
Grange County, and to them were born four children. In about 1841, the 
father died, after which the mother married Daniel Bixler, one of the first set- 
tlers of Noble County, and in 1842, they moved to Kendallville, where our 
subject's youth was passed. When twenty-one years old, he went to Illinois, 
and, after two years in this State, went to Iowa. He remained there one year, 
then came back to Illinois, where he remained another year, and then returned 
to Indiana. He was married September 24, 1863, to Miss Lucy Taylor, who 
was born in Champaign County, Ohio, November 8, 1843. To this union 
were born three children — Luella M., Charles M. and Ray D. Mr. Gawthorp 
owns 105 acres of well-improved land, which he has made by his own labors. 
He followed saw-milling some five years, but the greater part of his life has 
been passed in farming and stock-raising. He is a Republican, and has taken 
an active part in the advancement of all laudable and educational enterprises. 

HART T. GRAHAM was born in Franklin County, Mass., May 27, 
1821. He is one of ten children born to Zerah and Clarissa (Taylor) Graham, 
both of whom were natives of the Bay State. They were married in their 
native State, and moved from there to Chautauqua County, N. Y., in 1829. 
After living here some years, they removed to Geauga County, Ohio, and from 
there in a short time to Summit County, the same State. Here they resided 
until 1848, when they came to this county, which they ever afterward made 
their home. The father was a shoemaker by trade, and he and wife were hard- 
working, kind-hearted, Christian people. Hart T. Graham received but a 
limited education, and got his start in life by working by the month on a farm. 
He was married to Miss Harriet Bond June 12, 1844. This lady was born 
in Allegany County, N. Y., November 23, 1823. From this union there were 
four children, viz.: Emma J. and Guy E., living ; Mary A. and Ellen I., de- 
ceased. Soon after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Graham came to this county 
and purchased forty acres of land. They have since added to it, and now own 
ninety acres, which is well improved. They are intelligent, kind-hearted, hos- 
pitable people, and possess social and moral qualities of a high order. Mr. 
Graham is a Republican. 

HENRY H. HAINES, of the firm of Wood & Haines, was born in Allen 
Township, this county, June 1. 1848, and is the son of Samuel P. and Mary 
(Smith) Haines. He was reared upon a farm, and received his early education 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 421 

in the common schools. He graduated from the Iron City Commercial College 
in 1870, and was for some years engaged in the drug trade in Avilla. He was 
married to Miss Mary Craven March 16, 1871. She was born in the Buckeye 
State September 14, 1847. From this union there are two children, viz., Ada 
E. and Almerta P. In 1889, he and his brother-in-law, Washington L. Wood, 
formed a partnership in the manufacture of wooden force pumps, apple jelly, 
sorghum molasses, cider making, etc. They have a new process for making 
the juice of the apple into jelly, and have a capacity for manufacturing 100 
gallons daily. They also have a process of making sorghum molasses, entirely 
freeing it from all acidity. They can manufacture about 300 gallons per day, 
and of their pumps 100 per month. They are both liberal in their political 
views, are strong advocates of temperance, and are members of the Masonic 
order. 

ROBERT S. HAINES. Samuel P. Haines, father of Robert S., was 
born in Union County, Penn., November 10, 1810. His parents, George and 
Margaret (Himebaugh) Haines were early settlers of Union County, Penn., 
and the parents of nine children. Samuel P. was reared on a farm, and re- 
ceived but a limited education. When about twenty, began working at the 
carpenter's trade. He was united in marriage with Miss Mary Smith in 1832. 
She was born in Union County, Penn., September 17, 1813. From this union 
there were nine children, five of whom are yet living, viz., Robert S., Joseph 
W., Henry H., Janette L. and John P. Those deceased were Albert L., 
Thomas E., Loruma J. and George G. In 1842, Mr. Haines traded a small 
property he had in Pennsylvania for 160 acres of unimpi-oved land in this 
township, and the same year moved his family on it. He came over the mount- 
ains in a one-horse wagon, and was about a month on the way. They saw 
many hardships, but by economy he and wife have secured a comfortable home. 
He left his farm in 1878. and came to Avilla, where he and wife expect to pass 
the remainder of their days. Robert S. Haines was reared upon his father's 
farm. He was united in marriage with Miss Permelia Baum December 24, 
1856, a native of Pennsylvania. She died in Avilla, September 30, 1874. 
From this union there were six children, viz., Milton B., Emma G. and Irvin 
D. (living), Ida M., Sarah M. and Roxanna M. (deceased). Mr. Haines mar- 
ried Miss Rebecca E. Swinehart October 5, 1875. From this union there is 
one child — Gertie M. Mrs. Haines was born June 24, 1850, in Wyandot 
County, Ohio. Robert S. Haines remained at home for most part until nine- 
teen years of age. He then, with a brother, operated a saw-mill four years. 
He then embarked in the mercantile business with Baum & Walter, at Avilla, 
retaining his connection with them some twenty years. During this time, he 
was appointed agent for the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad at Avilla, a 
position he yet holds. He is a Notary Public, and has held positions of honor 
and trust in Allen Township. He is a Democrat, and a member of the Masonic 
order. 

EDWARD HALFERTY is a native of Westmoreland County, Penn., 
his birth occurring October 14, 1816. His father, William Halferty, was also 
a native of Westmoreland County. He was reared a farmer, which became 
his occupation through life. He served in the war of 1812, married a West- 
moreland County lady, Elizabeth Luther, and in 1819 moved to Richland 
County (now a part of Morrow County), Ohio, where he lived the remainder 
of his days. His wife, who bore him a family of nine children, is yet living 
at the advanced age of eighty-five years. Edward Halferty was reared on a 



422 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

farm, receiving the greater part of his education in a rude log schoolhouse, a 
very few of which were seen in early times. He remained at home, in charge 
of the farm, until thirty years of age, and, November 17, 1844, married Hen- 
rietta Craven, who was born in Morrow County, Ohio, January 17, 1823. In 
1851, this couple removed to this township, where they have since resided. 
They own 159 acres of good land, which has been acquired by them through 
hard labor. They are parents of nine children, whose names are Mary J., 
Byron. Charles M., William, Franklin P., Sarah E., Albert, Aldora and Mil- 
ton. Mr. Halferty is one of the progressive and intelligent men of Allen 
Township, and favors the advancement of all laudable and educational enter- 
prises. 

HENRY HARMES is a native of Hanover, Germany, where he was 
born December 30, 1822. His parents, Frederick and Mary Harmes, were 
also natives of Hanover and had six children. In 1830. they emigrated to 
this country, landing at Baltimore, and soon after started for Pittsburgh, Penn., 
but, on account of sickness, were compelled to stop in Bedford County, Penn. 
Here the father and one child died. The family continued to reside in this 
county some ten years, and then moved to Ashland County, Ohio, which was 
the home of the family until the mother's death. Henry Harmes when quite 
young began working out, contributing the greater portion of his earnings to 
the support of the family. He married Miss Maria Young September 19, 
1850. She was born in Huron County, Ohio, September 12, 1828. They 
had seven children, only two now living, viz. : Clara J. and George E. Those 
deceased were Alwilda A., Joseph A., Judson H., William H. and Carey. 
Mrs. Harmes died September 12, 1868. In 1851, Mr. Harmes moved to 
De Kalb County, Ind., where he remained until 1870, when he purchased his 
present place, a well improved farm of 165 acres. His present wife was Mrs. 
Sarah (Calkin) Knapp, to whom he was married January 13, 1870. She was 
born in Essex County, N. Y., December 20, 1829. Mr. Harmes was origi- 
nally a Whig, now a Republican. He lends his influence in the elevation of 
mankind and in the promotion of worthy objects. 

GABRIEL S. HENRY. John and Mary (Swinehart) Henry were na- 
tives of Pennsylvania, married in Ohio and parents of a family of nine chil- 
dren. They were farmers, honest and industrious, and were respected by all 
who knew them. Gabriel S. Henry, a son of the above, was born in Jefferson 
County, Ohio, November 5, 1831. He received a common-school education, and 
when sixteen years old removed to Wood County, W. Va., with his parents, 
where they owned a large amount of real estate. He remained at home until 
twenty-two years of age, and was married, October 2, 1854, to Miss Sophia 
McKenzie, who was born in Ohio August 4, 1831. After this event, Mr. 
Henry began working at the carpenter's trade, in connection with farming, in 
West Virginia, until 1865, when he moved to Allen Township, Noble County, 
Ind., where he purchased a farm and engaged in agricultural pursuits. His 
sons now have charge of the farm. In 1881, Mr. Henry moved to Avilla, 
and engaged in furniture trade and undertaking, which he carries on with 
success. He began life a poor boy, but by hard labor and economy has made 
his own way in the world. He is a member of the M. P. Church, a Repub- 
lican and an intelligent and enterprising citizen. He and wife are parents of 
the following fiiinily: Martha J., James M., Margaretta C-. Elizabeth, John S., 
Ida B., Robert A. and William F. 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 423 

SAMUEL HOKE was born in York County, Penn., May 10, 1821. He 
is the son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Wiest) Hoke, who were natives of the 
Keystone State and the parents of nine children. The father died in 1826, 
leaving seven children, who were yet at home, to the care of the mother. She 
was a woman of great force of character, and soon after her husband's death 
removed with her family to Richland County, Ohio, where she raised her fam- 
ily in a creditable manner and where she died in 1871, at the advanced age 
of eighty-three years. Our subject received a common school education, and 
when about sixteen began working at the cabinet-maker's trade. After two 
years, he gave this up, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was married 
to Miss Annie Moree in 1840. She was born in Switzerland March 26, 1814. 
From this union there were seven children, viz. : Elizabeth, Jacob, Sarah, 
Amanda, Amos, Ellen and one that died in infancy. Mrs. Hoke died March 
14, 1880. Mr. Hoke resided in Richland County, Ohio, until 1850, when he 
came to this county and purchased a farm, upon which he resided until about 
seven years ago, when he moved to Avilla. He began life as a poor boy and 
is a self-made man. He is a member of the Evangelical Association, a strong 
advocate of temperance and an upright, charitable Christian. 

FERDINAND HUELSENBECK was born in the Province of West- 
fahlen, Prussia, July 9, 1844. He is the son of Augustus and Margaret 
( Stemmar) Huelsenbeck, who were the parents of five sons and two daughters, 
all of whom were natives of Prussia. The father was a farmer and merchant. 
Our subject attended school and assisted his father until about fifteen years of 
age. He then began peddling hardware, which he continued until he was 
drafted into the Prussian army. He served during the last war between 
Prussia and Austria, and participated in twenty-one engagements. Soon after 
his discharge (1868), he came to this country, and, after working for some time 
by the month, purchased the farm he now owns. He was married to Miss 
Elizabeth Pieper in 1871. She was born in Prussia in 1852, and died October 
18, 1872. From this union there was one child — Augustus. In 1876, he was 
married to Magdalena Steuri, who was born in Canton Berne, Switzerland, in 
1854. From this marriage three children have been born, viz.: Mary M., 
Emma E. and August C. In 1877, Mr. Huelsenbeck built a frame business 
building at Auburn Junction, and in 1880 erected a two-story brick business 
house in Auburn. He has been engaged in the mercantile business eight years 
— four years at Fort Wayne, and four years at Auburn. Mr. Huelsenbeck 
came to this country a poor man, but has accumulated considerable property. 
He is a useful and progressive citizen. 

LEWIS IDDINGS was born in Boston Township, Summit County, Ohio, 
July 29, 1820. He is one of ten children born to Henry and Sarah (Meltin) 
Iddings, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania. They were married in 
their native State, and resided in Berks County until their removal to Summit 
County, Ohio, which was in 1811. While living here, the father served as a 
soldier in the war of 1812. He followed farming in Summit County, and 
resided there until 1836, when he came to this county and located a short dis- 
tance south of Kendallville, where he and wife passed the remainder of their 
days. [Further mention of them is made in another part of this work.] Lewis 
Iddings was reared upon his father's farm, receiving a common-school education. 
He began for himself, as a farmer, when about twenty years of age, but soon 
after went to "jobbing" on the Wabash & Erie Canal, where he remained 
some three years. He then returned to this county, and for some years was 



424 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

engaged in farming and carpentering. He was elected County Treasurer in 
1862, and in 1864 was re-elected. He married Miss Rebecca Stilley Septem- 
ber 10, 1845. This lady was born in Morrow County, Ohio, February 7, 
1825. From this union there are six children, five of whom are yet living, 
viz.: Florence, Virginia, Eugene, Byron and Victoria. Grace was the name 
of the one deceased. Mr. Iddings owns 280 acres of land, and valuable prop- 
erty in Kendallville. In politics, he is a stanch Republican. 

WARREN IDDINGS was born in Boston Township, Summit County, 
Ohio, August 2, 1825. He is the son of Henry and Sarah (Meltin) Iddings, 
who removed from Ohio to this county in 1836, and located on the farm our 
subject now owns. Here he was reared to manhood, assisting his father upon 
the farm in the summer, and attending school for a short time during the win- 
ter. When about twenty years of age, he began working at the shoemaker's 
trade, which he followed about fifteen years, and then engaged in farming and 
stock-raising, which he has since followed. He was married to Miss Hester 
Newman, March 24, 1851. She was born in Middlebury, Summit Co., Ohio, 
October 29, 183.3. To them have been born seven children, three of whom 
are yet living, viz.: Homer L., and Sadie and Ivie, twin sisters. Those deceased 
were Estell, Isadore, Lanora and Eva. Mr. Iddings owns 175 acres of land 
adjoining the town of Kendallville. He began life with but little means, and 
for most part has made what he now has by his own exertions. He is a stanch 
Republican, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
They have a nice home and are respected folks. 

JONATHAN JAMES was born in Chester County, Penn., June 21, 
1821. He is the youngest of a family of si.x children born to Josiah and Jane 
(Knox) James, the former of whom was a native of Chester County, and the 
latter of New Jersey. The father died when our subject was a child, and the 
care of the family fell upon the mother. She was a woman of energy and ex- 
ecutive ability, and brought up her family in a creditable manner. Jonathan at 
an early age began to do for himself, and when eighteen he began learning the 
plasterer's trade, which he followed some thirteen years, and then followed 
farming in his native State until 1860, when he came to this county, where he 
has since resided. He was married to Miss Amelia A. Smith November 3, 
1843, who was born in Juniata County, Penn., April 10, 1825. To them 
have been born four children, three of whom are yet living, viz.: Theodore 
B., Jennie and Hie L. The one deceased was David 0. For eight years after 
coming to this county, Mr. James followed farming. He then purchased a hotel 
in Avilla which he operated some time, when his failing health compelled him 
to sell out. He remained out of active business until 1878, when he built the 
present St. James House of Avilla, which he has since successfully conducted. 
Commercial travelers and all others who have stopped there speak of it as '' one 
hotel in a thousand." Mr. James is a liberal in religion and politics. 

ANDREW JOHNSON is a native of the State of New York, born near 
Buffalo November 4, 1813. Thomas Johnson, his father, was a native of New 
England, a soldier of the war of 1812, and a farmer. He married Sarah Dan- 
cer, a native of New England, lived in New York until 1817, when he and 
family moved to Portage County, Ohio, where he principally made his home 
until his death. Andrew Johnson is one of eight children. He received but 
a common-school education, was reared to hard labor on a farm, and at the age 
of thirteen was left an orphan, and for a few years lived with an uncle. He 
then began life's battle on his own responsibility, and in 1838 married Miss 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 426 

Hannah Warner, who was born in the Empire State January 14, 1818. This 
couple were parents of ten children, viz.: Sarah, Almina, Thomas, La Fay- 
ette, Mary, Elsie, Jane, Andrew, Abram and Lucy. They remained in Ohio 
until 1844, when they emigrated to Allen County, Ind., where they lived some 
five years, and then came to Allen Township, where they have since resided. 
Mrs. Johnson died June 2, 1877. One son, Thomas, served his country in the 
late war, was wounded, and died at Corinth from his wounds. Mr. Johnson is 
a member of the Protestant Methodist Church, and is an indefatigable worker 
in the cause of temperance. He owns ninety acres of good land, is a Republi- 
can, and an enterprising citizen. 

HIRAM L. KING was born in Lake County, Ohio, October 2, 1826. 
He is the son of Hiram and Catharine (Lowe) King, a sketch of whom appears 
in the history of Swan Township. On Hiram L., the eldest son, devolved a 
great many of the hardships of clearing up the farm, and looking after its in- 
terests. When he had reached his majority, his father gave him 160 acres of 
unimproved land in Allen Township. This he began to improve, although he 
made his home with his parents until about thirty years of age. He was mar- 
ried to Miss Frances A. Mumford, June 7, 1859. She was born in the Key- 
stone State November 10, 1836. They have had two children, viz.: Herbert 
H., born June 16, 1860, and Helen F., born January 29, 1862. Mrs. King 
died October 9, 1864. Mr. King has always followed farming and stock-rais- 
ing. He owns 280 acres of land, which is nicely improved and well stocked. 
He has paid considerable attention to the raising of Durham cattle, and has 
some fine specimens of this breed on his farm. He is a Republican, and a 
strong advocate of temperance. He has given his children good educations, 
and contributed liberally to all worthy enterprises. 

JOHN F. KREIENBRINK was born in Hanover, Prussia, September 4, 
1830. He is the son of John H. and Elizabeth (Arnold) Kreienbrink, who 
emigrated with their family of two sons and two daughters to this country in 
1833. After stopping in Cincinnati, Ohio, about three years, they moved to 
Putnam County, the same State, where they passed the remainder of their days 
engaged in agricultural pursuits. They were hard-working people, and mem- 
bers of the Catholic Church. John F. assisted his parents until he was fourteen 
years of age, when he was apprenticed to the tailor's trade, at which he served 
a term of three years at Covington, Ky. He worked as a journeyman in 
Covington until 1866, when he came to this county, and purchased a farm of 
120 acres. He has since added to it, until he now owns 160. He was married 
to Miss Maria E. Baringhaus in 1853. She was born in Hanover, Prussia, 
December 24, 1832. From this union, there are ten children, viz., Theodore, 
Mary, Josephine, Sarah, Henry, Mary, Henry, Minnie, Julia and Frances. 
Of these children, Mary and Henry, the first of these names, are dead. Mr. 
Kreienbrink is emphatically a self-made man, and he and family are members 
of the Catholic Church. 

CHARLES G. KRESSE was born in Prussia April 6, 1828, one of five 
children born to Frederick and Christine (Ossig) Kresse. The father was a 
farmer and miller, and he and wife always remained in their native country. 
Charles G. attended school until fourteen years of age, when he entered a mill, 
and learned that business thoroughly. In 1853, he came to this country, and 
was for some time employed in a mill at Monroe, Mich. He then came to 
Kendallville, and began working on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern 
Railroad. He attended school one winter in the Whitford neighborhood, and 



426 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

soon after entered the drug store of Asa Brown, at Lisbon, as clerk. He then 
bought Mr. Brown out, and for some years ran the business alone. He mar- 
ried Miss Margaret Scheirich July 11, 1854. She was born in Baden, Ger- 
many, March 8, 1837. From this union, there were six children, viz., Charles 
G. A., Emma C, John C. G., Charles A., Mary E., and one that died in 
infancy. Mrs. Kresse died January 6, 1871. On the 6th of May, 1871, Mr. 
Kresse married Miss Fredericka Busch. She was born in Prussia April 28, 
1849. By this marriage, there are four children, viz., August C, Louisa L., 
William F. and Amalia B. Mr. Kresse owns 100 acres of well-improved land, 
and also a good business building in Kendallville. He is liberal in his political 
views, and is a member of the Order of Knights of Honor. He has a large 
library ; takes a number of good papers and magazines, and is one of the read- 
ing and well-posted men of Allen Township. 

ANDREW LASH was born in Alsace, France, October 8, 1812. Will- 
iam Lash, his father, was a native of Baden, Germany. He was married in 
Alsace to Miss Mary A. Wineman, a native of that province, and to them were 
born a family of six children, Andrew being the only son. The father was a 
carpenter and cabinet-maker. In 1827, he came with his family to this country, 
and after living at Canton, Ohio, some time, moved to Carroll County, where 
he and wife spent the remainder of their days. Andrew Lash assisted upon 
the home farm until the death of his parents. He was united in marriage with 
Miss Margaret Raney February 10, 1840. She was born December 22, 1819, 
in Alsace, France. They have had ten children, viz., Gregory, Elizabeth, 
George, Mary, John, Anthony. Christina, Paul. William and Clara. Mrs. 
Lash died September 29, 1877. October 1, 1878, Mr. Lash married Mrs. 
Mary A. Hart, a native of Prussia, born April 24, 1833. Mr. Lash removed 
to this county in 1864, and purchased a farm, upon which he resided until 
1880, when he sold it to one of his sons and moved to Avilla, where he pur- 
chased a nice home property. He is a self-made man, a Democrat, a member 
of the Catholic Church, and a good citizen. 

LUMAN A. LOBDELL was born in Herkimer County, N. Y., May 28, 
1834, and is a son of Daniel and Emeline (Broughton) Lobdell, who were 
natives respectively of Connecticut and New York, and the parents of eleven 
children. Daniel Lobdell and family moved to Noble County, Ind., in 1841, 
locating in Swan Township, on the farm now owned by Samuel Broughton, 
where they lived a number of years, afterward entering a tract of land near the 
head of Long Lake, in the western part of the county. They remained here 
until 1850, farming, clearing, suffering from malarial fevers then so prevalent, 
during which time their family was decreased by the death of three children. 
The spring of 1850, Mr. Lobdell started overland for California, but in June 
of that year died in Utah Territory. The death of the father left the burden 
and care of the fiimily on the shoulders of the mother and our subject, who was 
the eldest child. Under such circumstances the mother reared her children, 
who with affection remember the loving care, kindness and self-sacrifice only a 
mother can give. Our subject remained at home until twenty-one years of age, 
and March 25, 1854, was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Bricker, who 
was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, September 11, 1835. To this union 
were born four children — Orland W., Charles E., Emma L. and Orsa A. The 
mother died November 3, 1863, and May 12, 1864, Mr. Lobdell married Mrs. 
Sarah S. Eddy, who was born in Michigan, February 2, 1832. To this 
marriage were born three children, whose names are Luman A., John D. and 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 427 

Uri G. Mr. Lobdell is a Republican. He always farmed until September, 
1881, when he removed to Avilla, where he has since been engaged in mercan- 
tile pursuits. 

DR. FRANCIS C. MALONY was born in Richland County, Ohio, 
January 8, 1843 ; his parents are Robert and Jemima (Cornwall) Malony. He 
was reared on a farm, receiving an academical education. He attended and 
taught school, and assisted his parents on the farm until he began the study of 
medicine in"1863. He read for a time under the instruction of Dr. G. Mitchell, 
of Mansfield, after which he attended two terms at the University of Wooster, 
situated in Cleveland. He graduated from that institution the spring of 1866, 
and the same year came to Noble County, Ind., locating in Cromwell, where 
he began practicing. He remained there four years, and then came to Avilla 
and began to practice, and is now the possessor of a large and lucrative prac- 
tice. His wife, Rebecca (Hadley) Malony, was born in Richland County, 
Ohio, January 1, 1844, and they were married May 20, 1869. They have one 
son — Robert S. Dr. Malony is one of the leading physicians of Noble County ; 
is a member of the A., F. & A. M., of Avilla, and is independent in politics.- 
His father, Robert Malony, was born in Pennsylvania, July 29, 1816, and his 
wife in Ohio, October 23, 1823. They were married February 25, 1841, and 
farming was always their employment. They came to Avilla in 1877, and were 
the parents of only one son, our subject. 

JESSE H. MATTHEWS was born in Wayne County, Ohio, May 6, 
1820, and is a son of Jesse and Elizabeth (Calhoun) Matthews, who were reared, 
educated and married in Pennsylvania. They came to Wayne County, Ohio, 
in 1815, where they have since resided. At the age of twenty our subject, 
Jesse H. Matthews, went to Illinois, where he contracted jobs of clearing, at 
which he continued about four years, then went to Grant County, Wis., where he 
resided some fourteen years. He then came toand has since resided on his present 
place. Mr. Matthews began life a poor boy, but, by honest industry and 
economy, he has earned a sufficient amount of property to keep him in comfort 
during the remainder of his days. He is a Republican, formerly a Whig. He 
was married, November 22, 1841, to Elizabeth HeJman, who was born in 
Wayne County, Ohio, in 1825, and to this union were born this family — Sylva 
A., Mary M., John A., Emma A., Martha J., Hester E., Chester E., Lydia 
H. and Elliott P. The mother died May 7, 1861, and September 26, 1862, 
Mr. Matthews married Mrs. Elizabeth A. Lavering, a native of Pennsylvania, 
and born July 12, 1830. To her marriage with Mr. Matthews there were born 
two children — Homer H. and Minnie M. Mr. Matthews is a farmer and owns 
180 acres of good land. When twenty-one years of age, he became a member 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and ever since he has remained with that 
denomination ; all his children are steady attendants to the Methodist Episco- 
pal Church. Mr. Matthews and family are highly respected. 

ALBIN and IGNATUS MEYER were born near Strasburg, France, 
the former March 1, 1825, and the latter January 25, 1829. Jacob Meyer, 
their father, was twice married; by his first marriage there were two children. 
His second wife, Miss Magdalena Buchs, was the mother of nine children — 
Albin and Ignatus being two of that number. The last wife died near Stras- 
burg, in 1833. In 1838, the father came with the family to this country and 
located in Seneca County, Ohio, where he continued to reside. He was a hard- 
working, intelligent man, a good citizen, and a member of the Catholic Church. 
Albin Meyer was reared on a farm receiving a common-school education. He 



428 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

was united in marriage with Miss Theresa Zongker, a native of Stark Countj, 
Ohio, January 10, 1853, who was born April 20, 1838. From this union 
there are nine children, viz., Elizabeth, Theresa, William, Magdalena, Francis, 
John, Augustus, Lewis and Agnes. Two years after his marriage, Albin 
removed to this county, and purchased the farm he now owns, which at that 
time was covered with a dense forest, but he has cleared it and erected upon it 
comfortable buildings. He began life as a poor boy and is a self-made man. 
Ignatus Meyer was brought up on a farm, receiving a limited education. 
From fifteen to eighteen years of age, he worked by the month on a farm. He 
then began working at carpentering, which together with farming he has fol- 
lowed all his life. He was married to Miss Mary M. Borck in 18(50. She was 
born in Noble County, Ind., in 1841, and is the daughter of Francis and Anna 
M. (Weimer) Borck, who settled in this county in 1835. To Ignatus Meyer 
and wife have been born six children, viz., Mary C., Annie M., Emma, Frank 
J., Rosa and Ignatus. In 1856, Mr. Meyer came to this county, and worked 
eleven years at his trade; since that time he has been engaged in farming and 
stock growing. Both the Meyer brothers have made what they now possess 
by their own exertions. They own nicely improved farms. They are mem- 
bers of the Catholic Church and are Democrats. They liberally contribute to 
religious and educational enterprises. 

BENJAMIN MOREE is a native of Canton Berne, Switzerland, and 
was born February 18, 1820. He is a son of Rudolph and Anna (Bieterraan) 
Moree, both natives of Switzerland, and the parents of seven children. They 
emigrated to the United States in 1825, and located in Jefferson Township, 
Richland County, Ohio, where the parents died. Our subject was reared on a 
farm, receiving but a limited education. He remained at home with his 
parents until twenty-one years of age, and in 1843 married Miss Lydia Hoke, 
who was born in York County, Penn., May 17, 1821. To this union were 
born seven children — Amanda, Ellen N., Mary E., George D., Emma A., 
Alice S. and Amos (deceased). In 1848, Benjamin Moree and family 
emigrated from Ohio to Allen Township, where he purchased 140 acres of 
land, which was entirely uncleared. They settled on this place and began 
clearing and improving it. Both Mr. and Mrs. Moree have been hard-work- 
ing and industrious people, and what they now own they have acquired through 
much self-sacrifice. Mr. Moree is a Democrat, a member of the Lutheran 
Church, and an enterprising citizen. 

SUMNER K. RANDALL. Edwin Randall, father of this gentleman, 
was born in Oneida County, N. Y., May 18, 1809. He was reared on a farm, 
receiving a common-school education. When a young man. he taught both 
singing and day schools, and while yet young he left home and went to live 
with an uncle, who was a lawyer, residing at Manlius, Onondaga Co., N. Y. 
Here he had access to a splendid law library, and by applying himself, he 
obtained quite a knowledge of law. In 1835, he came to Toledo, Ohio, and 
the year following, took a trip through Indiana and Michigan, entering 480 
acres of land near where Avilla now is, and tracts near South Bend and 
in Shiawassee County, Mich. He then returned to Toledo, where he 
remained until 1841, when he came to Allen Township, this county, which he 
ever afterward made his home. He was married to Miss Mary A. King, June 
16, 1842. This lady was born in Chenango County, N. Y., December 18, 
1824. From this union, three children were born, viz., Sumner K., born May 
2, 1843; Perry A., July 24, 1847; and Amy C, August 23, 1853. These 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 429 

children were born in this township, and all are married. Mr. Randall was a 
Democrat. He was an Associate Justice of the Circuit Court a number of 
years, and held various other positions of honor and trust. He died Septem- 
ber 14, 1873. His widow survives him and resides upon the old homestead in 
Allen Township. Sumner K. Randall was reared upon his father's farm, and 
received a good common-school education. He always remained with his 
parents, and after his father's death took charge of the home farm, which he 
has successfully operated. He has dealt in agricultural implements, some time 
in connection with his farming and stock-raising. In 1878, he bought out 
Baum & Haines, of Avilla, and embarked in the mercantile business. He 
carries a stock worth about $15,000 all the time, and has one of the largest 
and most complete genetal stores in Noble County. He also deals in grain, 
seeds and all kinds of country produce. He was united in marriage with Miss 
Lorettie Stahl, September 12, 1876. She was born in Allen Township, April 
21, 1856. They have two children, viz., Amy J., born September 7, 1878; 
and Mary A., August 21, 1880. Mr. Randall owns 120 acres of land and a 
portion of the old homestead. He is a Democrat and a member of the Masonic 
Order. 

RYLAND READ was born in Windsor County, Vt., January 28, 1811. 
He is the son of Samuel and Lydia (Page) Read, the former a native of Mass- 
achusetts and the latter of New Hampshire. They were married in the Green 
Mountain State, and there the mother died in a few years after their marriage. 
Only one child was born to this union. The father married Elizabeth Moore 
for his second wife, and to them were born seven children. In 1838, they 
moved to Licking County, Ohio, where they ever after resided. Ryland Read, 
when thirteen years of age, left home, and for five years lived in Boston, Mass. 
He then returned to his native State, and for two years attended school, after 
which he went to Licking County, Ohio, and until 1836 was variously era- 
ployed. He then came to this county, stopping at Kendallville and vicinity, 
where for some time he worked at the carpenter's trade. He then began farm- 
ing, which for the most part he has since followed. He was united in marriage 
with Miss Eliza Iddings April 8, 1835. This lady was born in Boston Town- 
ship, Summit County, Ohio, January 4, 1812. From this union there were 
three children, viz.: Ellen L., Henry A. and Sarah R. Henry A. served 
during the war of the rebellion in Company I, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth 
Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and died in 1872 from disease contracted while in 
the service. Ellen L. married E. H. Bundy, and they reside upon the old 
homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Read are intelligent and respected people, and have 
the love and confidence of all who know them. 

NATHAN ROBERTS was born in Erie County, Penn., December 8, 
1833, and is a son of Nehemiah and Charlotte (Tannar) Roberts, who were 
natives respectively of Vermont and New York. They were married in New 
York, moved to Pennsylvania, and from there ^to Wayne County, Ohio, in 
1836, where they lived until the spring of 1843, when they emigrated to Noble 
County, Ind. They located first in Allen Township, but soon afterward 
moved to Wayne Township. Our subject passed his youth and early manhood 
on the farm, during which time he received a common-school education. In 
1852, he and brother Alpheus, together with a number of others, started over- 
land for California, where they remained mining until 1855, when the brothers 
returned home, in a measure recompensed for their labor in the mines. Nathan 
then purchased a part of the farm he now owns, and which now consists of 



430 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

over three hundred acres; and this he has acquired principally by his own 
exertions. He was married in 1858 to Miss Nancy R. Whitford, who was 
born in Allen Township in 1838, and died February 5, 1874, the mother of 
two children by Mr. Roberts — Myra and Willie G. March 11, 1879. Mr. 
Roberts married his present wife. Miss Leah Waits, who was born in Wayne 
County, Ohio, November 24, 1841. He is a Republican in politics, and is 
active in the support of the temperance cause. In 1876, he began dealing in 
blooded stock, and he is recognized as among the leading stock-men of Noble 
County. He now has a herd of twenty-one Short-Horn cattle that are regis- 
tered in the American Herd Book. 

JAMES RYLAND was born in Belmont County, Ohio, March 31, 1820. 
He is the son of Samuel and Hannah (Myers) Ryland, both natives of the 
Keystone State. They had two children — James and Matilda. They moved 
to Belmont County in an early day, where the father died when James was 
about four years of age. After her husband's death, Mrs. Ryland went to live 
with her parents in Wayne County, Ohio. Here she was married to Thomas 
Appleton, and, after some years, they moved to Summit County. There 
James was reared, receiving but a limited education. He was married to Miss 
Charlotte Bond April 20, 1841. This lady was born in Genesee County, 
N. Y., December 25, 1820. In 1847, Mr. Ryland moved with his family 
and settled on the place he now owns in Allen Township. The land was cov- 
ered with timber, but they were frugal and industrious, and soon were com- 
fortably situated. In their family were six children, viz.: Francis M., James 
A., George W., C. Albert and Alfred A., living, and Olive C, deceased. 
Francis M. went out as a private during the late war, and was promoted to a 
Lieutenant. Mr. Ryland owns 159 acres of well-improved land, which he and 
wife have obtained by their own endeavors. They are reading, intelligent 
people, and have given their children good educations. Four of the sons are 
experienced and successful school teachers. 

GEORGE M. SCHWAB was born October 27, 1837, in Baden, Ger- 
many. He is the son of George and Margaret (Schanline) Schwab, both 
of whom were natives of Baden. The father was an honest, hard-working 
farmer ; he died in Baden when George was a child, and, in 1848, the mother 
with the son came to this country and settled at Avilla, in this county, where 
she resided the remainder of her days. George M. Schwab received a com- 
mon-school education, and when about sixteen years of age went to Stark 
County, Ohio, where he worked on a farm some time ; he then returned to 
Indiana, and for some time drove a bus at Fort Wayne, after which, he drove 
stage for some time between Cincinnati and Georgetown ; he also worked in a 
hotel in Pittsburgh, Penn., some time. In 1860, he purchased forty acres of 
land, where he now lives, and began farming and stock-raising, a business he 
has since followed. He was married to Miss Mary Smith December 27, 1859. 
a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, where she was born April 21, 1834. Mr. 
Schwab has a nicely-improved farm, and raises good stock of all kinds. He is 
a Democrat and a member of the Lutheran Church. 

ISAAC SHAMBAUGH is a native of Snyder County, Penn., his birth 
occurring June 17, 1825. He is one of thirteen children, eleven yet living, 
born to Christian and Mary (Walter) Shambaugh, also natives of the " Key- 
stone State." Christian Shambaugh was a wagon-maker and farmer. After 
the death of our subject's mother, his father remarried and was the parent of 
eighteen children ; he is yet living, hale and hearty, at the advanced age of 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 481 

■eighty-seven. At the age of nineteen, Isaac Shambaugh began working at 
the carpenter's trade. In 1845, he went to Richland County, Ohio, where, on 
the 12tli of September, 1847, he was united in marriage with Julia A. Hos- 
singer, who was born in Richland County December 1, 1827. To this union 
there have been born nine children whose names are Almanda C, Aaron C, 
Alexander H., Ursuly M., Anna C, Samuel A., Isaac H., Franklin A. and 
Edward E. Mr. Shambaugh has worked at his trade to a greater or less extent 
all through life. For many years past, he has been farming as well as carpen- 
tering. In 1858, he came to Allen Township, Noble County, Ind., where he 
has since made his home. He owns 165 acres of fine farming and grazing 
land; is a Republican, and an earnest worker in the cause of temperance and 
the advancement of education. 

JOHN D. SKEOFFER was born in Loudonville, Ohio, July 28, 1833. 
He is the son of Dewalt and Barbara (Baughman) Sheoffer, both of whom were 
natives of Westmoreland County, Penn., where they were married and resided 
until 1832, when they moved to the Buckeye State. In 1850, they moved to 
Kosciusko County, Ind., where, September 7, 1858, the father died; his 
widow survives him at an advanced age. John D. was reared upon a farm. 
He was married to Miss Mary A. Shadow July 6, 1856 ; she was born in 
Snyder County, Penn., December 18, 1836. From this union there are three 
children — Emma E., Horace J. and Samuel C. Mr. Sheoffer followed farm- 
ing in Kosciusko County until 1868, when he came to Avilla and erected the 
present grist-mill at that place at a cost of $17,000, which he operated some 
time and then rented it and went to Steuben County. After about five years, 
he returned and took charge of the mill, which he has since successfully oper- 
ated. He has put in much new machinery since his return, and has every 
facility for doing custom and merchant milling. He is liberal in his religious 
and political belief. 

ESQUIRE H. SHERMAN was born in Palmyra, N. Y., April 27, 1837, 
and is the eldest of three sons born to Gilbert and Hannah M. (Rowley) Sher- 
man. The father was born in Wayne County, N. Y., in 1814, and his wife in 
the same county in 1812. The father engaged in the manufacture of woolen 
goods until 1850, when he came to Allen Township and purchased a tract of 
land, and for a number of years followed farming and stock-raising. He held 
numerous positions of honor and trust in this township. He has resided 
in Michigan for some years. Esquire H. Sherman was brought up on his 
father's farm, receiving but a limited education. He began when quite young 
to assist in his father's saw-mill, as well as to help upon the farm. When 
about twenty-three years of age, he took charge of the mill, which for some time he 
successfully operated. His marriage with Miss Ellen B. Haines took place 
April 26, 1860. This lady was born in Juniata County, Penn., May 6, 1844. 
To them have been born five children, viz., Victoria R., Mary C. Helen L., 
Esquire H. and Maurice E. Mr. Sherman for some years was actively engaged 
in farming and stock-raising, but owing to ill-health sold the greater portion of 
his real estate, retaining only eighty acres that he now occupies as a home- 
stead. He is the present Trustee of Allen Township, and through his exertions 
and sound judgment the grade of its teachers and schools has been very per- 
ceptibly increased. He is liberal in his political views, and is an intelligent, 
progressive, public-spirited gentlemen. 

EDWARD B. SPENCER was born in Greenfield Township, Huron 
County, Ohio, May 10, 1823. His father, Samuel C. Spencer, was a native 



432 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

of New Haven, Conn., and came and settled with his parents in what is now 
Hartford Township, Trumbull County, and here he Wiis raised to manhood, 
receiving but a limited education. In 1811, he went to Huron County, Ohio, 
and pre-empted a piece of land, which he began to improve, but after some 
months was driven from his possessions by the Indians, and returned to his 
home in Trumbull County. He was married in Ashtabula County, Ohio, to Miss 
Nancy Woodworth,a native of the Bay State. After the war of 1812, he returned 
to his possessions in Huron County, taking his young wife with him. Here they 
remained, following agricultural pursuits until 1837, when they removed to this 
county and settled on Section 9, in Jefferson Township. They came with ox 
teams, bringing with them cattle, sheep, hogs, some farming implements, and 
a set of carpenter tools. They had to cut a road through heavy timber for seven 
miles before they reached their destination. The father and mother had twice 
before lived in new and sparsely settled communities. They were energetic and 
industrious. They had a family of ten children, eight of whom (six sons and 
two daughters) came with them to this county. Six of these children are yet 
living ; five reside in Noble County. Both parents are now dead. They were 
intelligent, and respected by all who knew them. Edward B. Spencer was 
brought up on his father's farm, receiving his education in log schoolhouses. 
When about eighteen years of age, he took charge of the home farm, and after 
a few years erected a saw-mill in Jeiferson Township, which for some years he 
successfully operated. He was married to Miss Emily Wheeler February 5, 
1850, who was born in Wayne County, Penn., March 26, 1826, and is the 
daughter of Trueman Wheeler, who came to this county with his family in 
1844. Mr. Spencer remained in Jefferson Township two years after his mar- 
riage, and then came to his present home. He owns 440 acres of land, which 
is nicely improved and well stocked. He has been engaged in farming and 
feeding stock, also been engaged in stock shipping since 1853, and has been 
very successful. He has done much to improve the stock and agricultural 
resources of the county. Mrs. Spencer is a lady of more than ordinary mental 
ability. Previous to her marriage she taught a number of terms of school. She 
taught the first school in the neighborhood where she now lives, having but six 
pupils (all there were in the surrounding country). She also taught the first 
school in Kendallviile, where she had enrolled about fifteen pupils. Mr. and 
Mrs. Spencer are reading people. Mr. Spencer is a stanch Republican. 

JOHN SPOONER was born in Salem, Ashtabula Co., Ohio, May 30, 
1816, one of four sons, two yet living, born to Pardon and Polly (Chapman) 
Spooner, who were natives respectively of Vermont and Rhode Island, but 
married in Ohio. The father was twice married, his first wife, Susan D. Maran- 
ville, bearing him seven children. Our subject was reared on his father's farm, 
and when sixteen years old became a sailor. For three years he sailed on Lake 
Erie, both as cook and common sailor. He then sailed the ocean for four years, 
traveling in foreign countries. He then returned to Lake Erie, where he served 
a number of years as mate. In 1843, he came to Noble County, locating in 
Washington Township, but for several years during the summer seasons still 
served on the lake. He was married, June 4, 1843, to Miss Martha Rawson, 
who was born in Pierpont, Ashtabula County, Ohio, July 18, 1817, and to 
them were born three children — Laflava, .Tared and Mary. Jared served in the 
war of rebellion. Since 1852, Mr. Spooner has been engaged in farming. 
He owns eighty acres of good land, and is a Republican in politics. Mrs. 
Spooner was among the first school-teachers of Washington Township. Dur- 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 433 

ing his life as sailor, Mr. Spooner had some thrilling experiences. While first 
mate on board the brig " Osceola," he, with Capt. Snow and seven ship hands, 
left Buffalo with a partial cargo of stoves, on the evening of the 18th of Novem- 
ber, 1846, and when forty miles out, were run ashore in a gale eight miles west 
of Dunkirk, N. Y. They passed a terrible night ; and when relief was sent 
them from shore, ten hours after, Mr. Spooner and a seaman wei'e the only 
survivers. Mr. and Mrs. Spooner are now in the enjoyment of peace and pros- 
perity after an eventful life of usefulness. 

SAMUEL P. STEWART was born in Allegheny County, Penn., July 
15, 1840. He is one of nine children born to Uriah and Margaret (Harbison) 
Stewart, both of whom were natives of the Keystone State. The Stewarts are 
of Scotch, and the Harbisons of Irish descent. Uriah Stewart, with his family, 
removed to Swan Township, this county, in 1857, where they have since re- 
sided. Samuel P. Stewart was reared upon a farm and received a common- 
school education. He remained at home until about twenty-three years old, 
when he began for himself as a farmer. He was united in marriage with Miss 
Susan Hooper, December 19, 1863, who was born in Allegheny County, Penn., 
January 19, 1841. They have had four children, three of whom are yet liv- 
ing, viz. : Ida M., Eva J. and John S. Mr. Stewart followed farming until 
1872, when he and a brother engaged in the mercantile business at Avilla, 
which he still follows. He has built up a large and lucrative business. He is 
a stanch Republican, and a member of the Masonic Order. He has been Post- 
master at Avilla since 1875, and has held other positions of honor and trust. 

THOMAS STOREY was born in Yorkshire, Eng., February 29, 1816, 
and is a son of George and Elizabeth (Sidgwick) Storey, who were natives of 
the County Durham and the parents of eight children. The father was a 
farmer and veterinary surgeon. He lived and died in his native country. 
Thomas Storey was reared on a farm, receiving a common-school education. 
When fourteen years old, hired out to the neighboring farmers for from .£5 to 
£16 per annum. He disposed of his interests in England, and in 1839 came 
to Lockport, N. Y., where he remained until 1842 ; then came to Noble County, 
Ind., and the spring of 1843, entered eighty acres o'f land in Allen Township. 
In 1844, he settled here permanently. Mr. Storey was married, September 6, 
1844, to Miss Mary Southworth, who was born in Lancashire, England, Octo- 
ber 25, 1818. Mr. and Mrs. Storey were among the early pioneers of Allen 
Township. Their first log cabin was 12x14 feet. Mr. Storey and wife have 
been hard-working and industrious people. They are faithful adherents of the 
Catholic Church, and are among the respected citizens of Allen Township. 

MOSES and DANIEL TRYON are natives of Wayne County, Ohio, and 
are the sons of John and Lydia (Sadler) Tryon, the former a native of the Em- 
pire State and the latter of Canada. The father, in 1816, went to Wayne 
County, Ohio, where he was married, and ever afterward resided, following his 
trade, that of a wheelwright. He was a hard-working man, and reared a family 
of twelve children. Moses Tryon was born June 3, 1818. His education con- 
sisted of such as could be obtained in the log schoolhouses of that early day, 
and from boyhood was accustomed to hard work. He was united in marriage 
with Miss Catharine J. Dunfee December 29, 1836. She was born in Fred- 
erick County, Md., April 13, 1818. To them have been born the following 
children — William, Cornelius, Henry, John, James, Milton and Newton (twins), 
Sophia and George (twins), and Lucy J. Henry, John and James, served with 
distinction during the late war. In 1841, Mr. Tryon came in a two-horse wagon 



434 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

with his family to this county, locating on the land he now owns. On his 
arrival, he found he had left just 8 cents cash. This to a man of less nerve 
and energy would have been disheartening. He and wife went to work with a 
will, and it was not long ere they were as comfortably situated as their neigh- 
bors ; however, they endured many hardships and privations. Mr. Tryon and 
wife live upon the old homestead, where the most of their lives has been passed. 
They are kind-hearted, hospitable people, and have the respect of all who know 
them. Daniel Tryon was born February 11, 1824, and, like his brother, was 
raised upon a farm, receiving but a limited education. He was united in mar- 
riage with Miss Catharine Richey, June 4, 1848. This lady was born in 
Wooster, Ohio, January 15, 1830. From this union there are eight children, 
viz. : Delia, Emma, Mina, William, Lucina, Adda, Morton and Burton. Two 
years after his marriage, Mr. Tryon moved to this county, which he has 
ever since made his home. He owns eighty acres of well-improved land, which 
he has obtained by his own hard work. Both he and his brother are stanch 
Republicans, and are among the county's best citizens. 

W. B. VAN GORDER is a native of this township. He is the son of 
Aaron A. and Rebecca J. (Campbell) Van Gorder, the former a native of Liv- 
ingston County, N. Y., and the latter of Fayette County, Penn. They came 
to this county in 1853, where they have since resided. They have four chil- 
dren, viz.: W. B., Henry J., Sarah E. and Joel C. They own a nicely im- 
proved farm of 280 acres. W. B. Van Gorder was reared on his father's farm, 
attending the home and Avilla schools during the winter months. When about 
twenty years of age he taught a term of school, after which he entered the Fort 
Wayne College, from which institution he graduated at the head of his class in 
the spring of 1881, excelling especially in civil engineering. He taught several 
terms of school while attending college, thus acquiring a thoroughly practical 
as well as a theoretical education. He is the Principal of the Avilla school, 
which under his efficient management has become one of the best in the county. 
He is a Republican. 

HENRY VOGEDING, one of the leading merchants, is a native of Prus- 
sia ; born October 22, 1824. Son of Francis A. and Mary A. (Rutenfratz) 
Vogeding, who came to the United States in 1836, and located in Putnam 
County, Ohio. His father was a cooper, but during his residence in Ohio was 
engaged in farming ; he died ten years after settling in Putnam County. Sub- 
ject was the eldest of a family of seven children ; at the time of his father's 
death the greater portion of the care of the family rested upon him. At the 
age of 19 he went to Dayton, Ohio, where he remained for nearly sixteen years, 
following coopering most of the time, and sending home the greater portion of 
his earnings. He then went to Putnam County, where, for about three years 
he was engaged at his trade. In 1859, he came to Allen Township, where he 
has since resided. He engaged at coopering and farming until 1872 ; has 
since been actively engaged in mercantile pursuits. He carries a complete 
stock of dry goods, groceries, hats and caps, boots and shoes, tin and hardware, 
valued at $10,000 ; his trade is large and is steadily increasing. Mr. Voge- 
ding owns 87 acres of land in the township, and is a progressive and enter- 
prising citizen. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Siefker, November 1, 
1847, at Dayton, Ohio. She is a native of Hanover, Germany, born in 1822. 
From this union there are five children, four now living — August, Rosena, 
Agnes and John ; Joseph, deceased. They are members of the Catholic 
Church. 



ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 435 

ELinU WADSWORTH was born in the city of Hartford, Conn., June 
29, 1802. He is the son of David and Irene (Olcott) Wadsworth, who were 
born, reared and married in the city of Hartford. They removed from there 
to Old Portage, Summit Co., Ohio, in 1814. and here, in 1825, the mother 
died. To them were born a large family of children, but only six reached their 
majority. The father died in 1838. Elihu Wadsworth was brought up on a 
farm, and from early boyhood was accustomed to hard work. His education 
was obtained in the subscription schools of that day. He was married to Miss 
Phebe Ulmer December 31, 1829, born in Maine May 11, 1810. From this 
union there were five children, viz.: Joseph T., William F., Edwin N., Chloe 
E. and Henry E. Joseph T. resides in Allen Township, and is a farmer. The 
daughter is married, and resides in Kendallville. Henry E. resides in La 
Porte, Indiana, and is the editor and proprietor of the La Porte Argus. Mr. 
Wadsworth moved from Summit County, Ohio, to this county in 1836, arriving 
in Allen Township, and locating on the farm he now owns, October 20 of the 
same year. He has since resided here, and for the most part has been engaged 
in farming and stock-raising. His wife died May 28, 1874. Mr. Wadsworth 
has always voted with the Democratic party. He has held the offices of County 
Commissioner, Justice of the Peace, Township Trustee and other positions of 
honor and trust. He owns 120 acres of nicely-improved land. 

GEORGE WEAVER was born in Richland County, Ohio, December (3, 
1824, and is a son of Willian and Catharine (Stout) Weaver, who were mar- 
ried in Richland County, Ohio, and to them were born a family of ten children, 
all of whom are living. The father was a native of Virginia, and the mother 
of Pennsylvania. They lived a long life of usefulness, and died honored and 
respected citizens. George Weaver received but a common-school education ; 
was reared on a farm at home until he reached his majority, when he came to 
Noble County, driving cattle for Amos Black. This was in 1845 ; and, after 
remaining here six months, Mr. Weaver returned to Ohio, and, April 8, 1846, 
married Miss Elizabeth Musgrove, who was born in the same county as himself, 
December 13, 1830. Four children were born to this union — Allen, James, 
Albert and Jane. Mr. and Mrs. Weaver remained in Ohio until 1858, when 
they came to Noble County, where they have ever since resided. Mr. Wea- 
ver's early life here was one of hardship. For three years, he was afflicted 
with sore eyes, but by hard labor and determination has acquired 120 acres of 
good land, well improved. He is a Democrat, and an intelligent and enter- 
prising citizen. 

HEMAN H. WHEELER was born July 22, 1823, in Wayne County. 
Penn. He is the only son of a family of twelve children born to Trueman and 
Hannah (Carr) Wheeler. The father was a native of Massachusetts, and the 
mother of Rhode Island. They both went with their parents to Wayne County, 
Penn., when children, where they were reared, married and resided a number 
of years. In 1841, Mr. Wheeler entered 175 acres where his son Heman H. 
now resides, and the same year came with part of his family (only four of the 
twelve children came with the parents), to locate upon it. Finding it wholly 
unimproved, he took the family to Steuben County to reside while he improved 
the place to some extent. In 1844, he came with his family to his place in 
Allen Township, which they have since made their home. Mr. Wheeler was a 
well-read man, and held, in his lifetime, many positions of honor and trust. He 
held the office of .Justicj of the Peace for twenty-live years in Pennsylvania, 
and it is said that during that time he had not one of his decisions reversed by 
any of the superior courts. He was well posted and possessed a superior mem- 



436 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

ory. He died April 18, 1867, aged eighty-four years, and his wife November 
21. 1880, who was ninety-seven at the time of her death. Heman H. 
Wheeler received a common-school education, and, when a young man, taught 
several terms of school. He helped to clear up the place in Allen Township, 
while the family resided in Steuben County. He always made his home with 
his parents, and, during their old age, cared for them. He was married to 
Miss Loretta M. Mather January 4, 1848. She was born at Akron, Ohio, 
September 3, 1827. Five children have been born to them, three of whom 
are yet living, viz. : Henry W., Frank D. and Mina L. Those deceased were 
named Trueman S. and Frank C. Mr. Wheeler owns 460 acres of land at 
present, although he has owned much more at different times. He has dealt 
largely in cattle and hogs, shipping to Chicago and Eastern cities ; has devoted 
his entire time to his business. He is a thorough and practical business man ; 
a Republican and a prominent citizen. 

ALONZO D. WHITFORD (deceased) descended from an old and re- 
spected New England family, his birth occurring May 3, 1810, in Otsego 
County, N. Y. His parents moved to Wayne County, Ohio, soon after the war 
of 1812, and it was here that he was reared upon his father's farm, receiving 
but a limited education. He was married to Miss Louisa M. Webster Decem- 
ber 29, 1831 ; she was born in the town of Putney, Vt.. July 9, 1812. Her 
parents, Asahel and Janette Webster, moved to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1817. 
Mr. Whitford remained in Wayne County some three years after his marriage, 
and then moved to Hancock County. Ohio. In 1837, he came with his family 
to this county and entered 320 acres of land in Allen Township. Mr. Whit- 
ford was a man of more than ordinary ability and natural powers of mind. He 
took advanced ground on nearly all the leading issues of his day, and was a 
strong anti-slavery man. He died March 12, 1879. In his family were six 
children, viz., Mahala L., Webster. Nancy R., Almira, William H. and Alonzo 
M. Of these, William H. was born in Allen Township January 18, 1842. He 
received a good common-school education, and was united in marriage with 
Miss Sarah H. Hill January 21, 1869. She was born in Niagara County, N. 
Y., December 7, 1848. From this union there are two children, viz., Fred E. 
and Ethel M. Alonzo M. resides upon the old homestead with the mother. 
He and brother own nicely improved farms which they have well stocked. They 
are Republicans, and among the enterprising and progressive men of Noble 
County. 

JOHN YEISER was born in York. Penn., November 23, 1822. He is 
the youngest of a family of seven children born to John and Elizabeth (Whit- 
mire) Yeiser, both natives of the Keystone State. They were married and re- 
sided in their native State until 1833, when they moved with their family to 
Richland County, Ohio. Here they reared their family and resided till the 
mother died in 1848. The father, in his old age, came to live with his son 
John in this county, where he died in 1867. Our subject was brought up on 
his father's farm, receiving a common-school education. Soon after attaining 
his majority, he began working at the carpenter and joiner's trade, which he 
followed in Ohio until 18.55, when he moved to this county and purchased the 
farm he now owns in Allen Township. lie was married to Miss Margaret 
Shambaugh June 3, 1848. She was born in Richland County, Ohio, February 
20, 1827. They have five children, viz.. George, Elizabeth C, James E.. Mary 
E. and Frank C. Mr. Yeiser owns 180 acres of land, which he paid for with 
money earned working at his trade. His farm is well stocked and nicely im- 
proved. He is a Republican, and one of Allen Township's prominent citizens. 



ELKHART TOWNSHir. 437 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 

JOHN P. BAKER, born in Germany, is a son of John and Margaret 
Buker, both natives of that country, where the father died. The subject was 
educated in Germany, and in 1853 came to America with his mother, who died 
in Orange Township. Here the subject worked by the day for one year, and 
purchased a farm of forty acres, that he partially cleared, and upon which he 
built a barn, house, etc., and afterward located. He married, in 186(1, Mary 
Stoekle, who came with her parents to Wayne Township from their native home 
in Wurtemberg, Germany. They lived in Orange Township until 1869, when 
Mr. Baker purchased one hundred acres of land in Elkhart Township, where he 
now lives and which he has greatly improved. It now contains a good frame 
residence, and all the other buildings required by the model farmer. In 1870, 
his wife died. Their children were John, William, Frederick and Joseph, all 
at home. Mr. Baker's second and present wife, Sarah J. Baker, is a native of 
Ohio, and daughter of Cornelius and Elizabeth Bloomfield, natives, respectively, 
of Ohio and Pennsylvania, who came to Orange Township in 1853, where the 
father died, and the mother is at present living on the old farm. Mr. and Mrs. 
Baker are members of the Dunker Church, and have five children — Henry, 
Lilly, Hattie, Winnie and Elmer. 

RENWICK W. BARTLEY, M. D., spent his early life in New York 
City, the place of his nativity, and from 1863 to 1866 he lived in Pennsylvania ; 
then a year was passed in Illinois, returning to Pennsylvania, where he remained 
until 1869, when he went to Northern Wisconsin, and entered a drug store as 
clerk. After studying medicine for three and a half years, under Dr. Lacey, 
he took a course of lectures at the Bennett Medical College, Chicago, 111.; then 
entered upon the practice of medicine in Merrimac, Wis. After a stay there 
of one year, he came to Wawaka in November, 1874, where he followed his 
profession until 1875. Then practiced one year in Brimfield, at conclusion of 
which the Doctor resumed his profession in Wawaka, in 1879 connecting with 
his practice the drug business. In June, 1878, he was married to Elizabeth 
M. Nimmon, whose parents were natives of Ohio Her father was an eminent 
physician and surgeon. One child, Karl N., has been born to the Doctor and 
wife. The parents of Dr. Bartley, Isaiah and Mary Bartley, were natives, 
respectively, of Orange County, N. Y., and of Baltimore, Md. The latter 
died in Washington City ; the former in Dayton, Ohio. Dr. Bartley is a mem- 
ber of the Brimfield Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., No. 587. His wife of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. 

WILLIAM H. BLACK is a native of Delaware County, Ohio, and lived 
with his parents until twenty-one years of age. They came to Whitley County, 
Iiid., in 1860, and subsequently moved to Perry Township, where the mother. 
Drusilla Black, who was a native of Ohio, died in 1871. The father, George 
H. Black, a native of New York, married again, and is living in Albion. The 
subject was married, February 4, 1868, to Miss Cenia A. King, native of Perry 
Township, where her parents, Michael D. and Mary King, natives of Pennsyl- 
vania, located, and where the mother died in 1871 : father still living. Mr. 
Black and wife have since been living on their farm of 100 acres in this town- 
ship, with comfortable surroundings and substantial buildings. Besides this, 



438 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Mr. Black owns 40 acres of partially improved land south of his farm. He 
has always followed farming, and when a boy went to school winters, acquiring 
the common-school education. There are six children in their family — Charles, 
Frank, Evalena. Wright, Roy and Ethel, all at home. 

GEORGE Z. ROLLER, son of George F. and Elizabeth Boiler, natives, 
respectively, of Germany and Pennsylvania, was born in Wayne County, Ohio. 
His mother died in that county, and his father in Elkhart County, Ind. The 
subject attended district school in Wayne County until seventeen years old, 
when he taught a four months' term of school ; subsequently attended school 
one term at the academy at Canton, Stark Co., Ohio, and two terms at Wooster, 
Ohio, after which he followed teaching several years, teaching fifteen terms in 
all. He was married in Wayne County, Ohio, November 14, 1850, to Cath- 
arine Zook, daughter of Gideon and Mary Zook, natives of Pennsylvania, who 
was born in Wayne County, Ohio, where her father died and her mother is now 
living. After living there four years, Mr. Boiler came to Elkhart Township 
in 1855, and locateil permanently on forty acres of partly improved land. He 
has made subsequent purchases, and now owns one hundred and two acres of 
good land, sixty acres thoroughly improved and cultivated, with good buildings 
and rich productive soil. Mr. and Mrs. Boiler are members of the Amish 
Mennonite Church, and are intelligent, enterprising citizens. They have one 
son living — Benjamin F., a student at Yale College, New Haven, Conn.; and 
one deceased — Amos. 

FRANCIS M. BUKER was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, where 
he lived with his parents until eighteen years of age. His father, Caleb Buker, 
a native of Maine, followed farming in Muskingum County a number of years, 
and afterward turned his attention to the mercantile business. His mother, 
Catharine Buker, was born in Pennsylvania. Both of his parents died in 
Muskingum County. Francis Buker obtained a fair education, and for ten 
years was engaged principally in teaching, part of the time officiating as clerk 
in his father's store. January 4. 1861, he married Sarah T. Trittipo, a native 
of Loudoun County. Va., and in May, 1861, they settled on their present farm 
of one hundred and fifty-three acres, in Elkhart Township. One hundred acres 
are nicely cultivated and improved, and their frame residence, when first built, 
was considered an elegant structure. Mr. Buker has set out 1,500 fruit trees, 
and otherwise increased the value of his farm. Mrs. Buker's parents, Thomas 
and Sarah A. Trittipo, natives of Loudoun County, Va., in 1856 came to La 
Grange County, Ind., where they are still living on a farm. Mr. Buker held 
the office of Justice of the Peace for eight years, and served efficiently. Their 
children are seven, five living — Charles C, Sarah C, George F., Ernest C. 
and William T., all at home ; Daisy D. and John J., deceased. 

ABRAM FRANKS passed his boyhood days in Wayne County, Ohio, 
place of nativity. In 1863, he came to Jeflersoii Township, this county, with 
his parents. Was married January 1, 1864, to Maria Buttermore, whose 
parents were George and Barbara Buttermore; the former is dead, and the 
latter is now living, at the age of eighty-two, in Fayette County, Penn. Mr. 
and Mrs. Franks commenced life together in Jefferson Township. He .subse- 
quently purchased a partly-improved farm in Elkhart Township, of about 130 
acres ; upon this they are now living, having cleared and brought under cul- 
tivation other portions of the tract, erected a good barn, and added other con- 
venient and comfortable surroundings, rendering the place valuable and desira- 
ble as a home place. To them have been born eight children, who are living 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 439 

with their parents, viz. : Carrie, Florence, Brady, Forrest, Arthur, Belle, Ger- 
trude and Edgar, forming a pleasant and interesting family circle. Mr. Franks' 
parents were Uriah and Elizabeth Franks. The father, now eighty-two years 
old, was a native of Pennsylvania ; and the mother, now seventy-seven, of Ohio. 
They are living with their son-in-law, Mr. McFarland, in this township. 

" WILLIAM GAGE is a native of Wayne County, N. Y., and son of 
Hosea and Electa Gage. His parents, natives of New York, in 1834 located 
on a farm in Michigan, and resided there until 1842, when they came to this 
township, where the father died. The mother is yet living at the advanced 
age of seventy-three. The subject spent his boyhood days on the farm with 
his parents in Indiana. He served an apprenticeship of one year at the black- 
smith trade ; then followed farming in the summer and his trade during the 
winter. January 30, 1859, he was married to Mary Kern, a native of Penn- 
sylvania. His parents, Isaac W. and Catharine Kern, came to Indiana in 
1845, and located on a farm in Perry Township, where they afterward died. 
After his wife's death, which occurred January 16, 1879, Mr. Gage was mar- 
ried to Adessa Franks, a native of Williams County, Ohio, and daughter of 
Jacob and Margaret Franks. She is a member of the M. E. Church, and his 
first wife was a member of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. The subject first 
settled on 80 acres of land in Elkhart Township, lived there one year, then 
purchased 80 acres in Section 19, where he moved and is still residing. He 
has 60 acres cultivated and improved ; in 1878, he built a fine brick residence, 
and altogether his farm presents a very thrifty appearance. Mr. Gage was 
drafted in the late war. They have had seven children — Emma, married and 
living in Elkhart Township ; Louis, deceased ; Jesse, John, Nellie, deceased ; 
Isaac and Abram. 

ABRAHAM GILL, one among the thriving farmers of this township, was 
born in Union County, Penn. His parents, Jacob and Susannah Gill, were 
natives of the same place, and his mother died in Pennsylvania. Abraham 
Gill's youth was passed in the States of Pennsylvania and Ohio, attending 
school, and farming during the summer vacations. After leaving Ohio, he 
came to Wells County, Ind., and purchased 80 acres of wooded land, where he 
built a log cabin, and lived twenty-six years. He then came to Sparta Town- 
ship, and bought 80 acres of land partially improved, and. after working it 
fourteen years, he sold it and located on his present farm in Elkhart Township. 
He owns 104 acres, and has improved 80 acres, upon which is a good frame 
dwelling-house, large barn, etc. Mr. Gill was married in Stark County, Ohio, 
to Mary McDaniel, a native of Stark County, and daughter of James and 
Sarah McDaniel, the latter a native of Pennsylvania, who, after her husband's 
death in Stark County, came to Indiana, and remarried. Mr. and Mrs. Gill 
are both members of the Christian Church. They have had twelve children — 
one, Elibabeth, deceased ; the others all married except John, who is living at 
home; Anne R., living in Fort Wayne; Sarah J., Sparta Township; Josiah 
G., Perry Township ; Jacob F., Michigan ; David, Elkhart Township ; Mary 
E., Ligonier ; Amos A., Michigan ; Adam, York Township ; William, Mich- 
igan ; and Almeda, Michigan. 

MARION GLANT, nroprietor of one of the two hotels at Wawaka, is a na- 
tive of Miami County, Ohio, and came here with his parents, natives of Ohio, 
in 1869. His education was obtained at West Milton, Ohio, and he lived with 
his parents until twenty-five years old. His father, John Giant, kept a 
butcher shop in Wawaka, where he died. His mother, Eliza Giant, is living 



440 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

with her son in Ohio. The subject was married February 10, 1870, to Athelia 
A. Henry, a native of Ohio, whose father. Mark W. Henry, is dead, and her 
mother makes her home with subject's family. Since their marriage they have 
been engaged in the hotel business at Wawaka, and they are at all times ready 
to administer to the wants of the traveling public. Their hotel is known as the 
Wawaka House, and is conveniently located near the depot. Until about two 
years ago, theirs was the only hotel in Wawaka. Mr. and Mrs. Giant are 
pleasant, affable people, and well adapted to their calling. 

WILLIAM GOLDEN is a native of Pennsylvania, son of William and 
Temperance Golden, both deceased. The mother died in Pennsylvania and the 
father in Ohio. The school days of William were limited to three terms in Fay- 
ette County, Penn. In his early days, he learned shoemaking; engaged in this 
and running a tannery four years ; subsequently he built a tannery at Vienna, 
and conducted it seven years ; then, in 1847, came to this county, and located 
in a rude cabin on 200 acres of wood land. In two years he was the owner of 
1,000 acres in one body ; improved two farms, but, being land poor, he turned 
it into $10,000 worth of railroad stock, and $4,000 in a woolen-mill at Rome 
City ; lost it all. He then made another beginning in this township, by pur- 
chasing 80 acres, little improved ; to this he added until he owned 400 acres. 
He has built a good house and barn and other buildings ; he now owns 200 
acres, having sold off 200. His present farm is well improved and cultivated. 
March 8, 1836, he married Elizabeth Parks, daughter of James and Susannah 
Parks, both of whom are dead. Mrs. Golden is a native of Kentucky. They 
are members of the Free- Will Baptist Church, and have had ten children — 
Sidney A., married and a resident of California; James W. (deceased), William 
A. (died in the army), Mary J. (deceased), Susannah, Francis M., Benjamin 
F., Stephen, Hannah C. and Elizabeth (deceased). 

CHARLES K. GREENE is an affable, thrifty merchant of Wawaka, 
carrying a stock of drugs, groceries, wall paper, etc., to the value of $2,000. 
Mr. Greene is a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, where he spent his boy- 
hood years. At the age of eighteen, he commenced the study of medicine 
with Drs. Young and Calvin. After four years' application, he came to Zanes- 
ville, Ind., where he taught school one term, after which, he found employ- 
ment in a drug store, for a Mr. Mackall, in Sheldon, Allen County. Here he 
served for about one year. May 18, 1876, he married Louisa Caston, daughter 
of John Caston, of Wells County, Ind. Mr. Greene and wife moved to Wa- 
waka, where he engaged in clerking for M. Caston, in a drug store. June 9, 
1877, he purchased the business, amounting to about $600. In this venture 
he has been successful, and has built up the trade, added to his line and is now 
in a prosperous condition. He has filled the office of Justice of the Peace, to 
which he was elected in 1878 by a vote of 219 to his opponent's 35; belongs 
to the Brimfield Lodge of I. 0. 0. F., and he and wife belong to the M. E. 
Church. Two children have been born to them, one of whom. Myrtle, is 
deceased. The one living is Raymond V. Mr. Greene's parents, (Jharles M. 
and Annie Greene, are still residents of Ohio. 

JAMES HALL, a prosperous farmer of Elkhart Township, is a native of 
Ohio, and came with his parents, William H. and ..Lucy Hall, to Indiana in 
1838, and settled on a farm in Elkhart Township, where the mother died. She 
was a native of Vermont. William Hall is eighty-six years old, was born in 
Pennsylvania and is now living in Iowa. The subject received his schooling 
in Ohio, and was married, April 3, 1851, to Elizabeth Hamilton, and since 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 441 

then has been living on his present farm of 125 acres, that is furnished with 
all the modern improvements. She was born in Ohio, and was the daughter 
of John and Elizabeth Hamilton, natives of Pennsylvania. She died in 1865 
and left five children — Mary, in La Grange County, married ; Benjamin F. ; 
Sarah S., married and living in La Grange County; Ida S., La Grange 
County ; and Elmer E. Mr. Hall subsequently married Mrs. Sarah J. Fer- 
guson, a native of Ohio. They have four children — Lemira, Lucy L., Ezekiel 
W. and Melvin. Mr. Hall is the inventor of Hall's Windmill, which was 
patented in 1871 and again in 1873. He was interested in that business about 
five years, then sold it to Flint, Walling & Co., who continue to manufacture 
and erect windmills in various parts of the country. 

LOREN R. HATHAWAY was born in Perry Township, Noble County, 
Ind. His parents, William and Margaret Hathaway, came to Indiana from 
Ohio, their native State, and located on a farm in Perry Township. Here 
Loren Hathaway was reared, and was taught the common branches at the 
district and town schools. It was here also that his mother's death occurred. 
His father was proprietor of the first hotel started in Ligonier, where his last 
days were passed. The subject was united in marriage, in 1874, with Miss 
Alice L. Smith, a native of Darke County, Ohio. Her parents, William and 
Elizabeth Smith, were also natives of Darke County. Mr. and Mrs. Hath- 
away came to their present farm in Elkhart Township in 1879. They have a 
good home and a family of three children — William H. L., Eva L. and Tola 
B., all living at home. 

CHRISTIAN HELTZEL. a native of Virginia, spent his youth in the 
States of Virginia, Oliio and Indiana. He came to the latter State in 1836 
with his parents, Henry and Elizabeth Heltzel, natives of Virginia, who located 
in Perry Township, where the mother died. His father served as Collector and 
Assessor two terms and Recorder eight years. He died in Albion. Christian 
Heltzel never attended school, but can read and write readily enough to trans- 
act all business forms. He purchased forty acres of land in Elkhart Township 
in 1847 ; subsequently purchasing and disposing of land, and engaged all the 
time in clearing and improving. He now owns 140 acres and is comfortably 
situated. He was married, in 1844, to Catharine Vance, native of Ohio and 
daughter of Martin and Barbara Vance, also natives of Ohio, who came to 
Benton Township. Elkhart County, in 1829. They had twelve children — 
Melissa, deceased; Marian and Eliza A. (twins), deceased; George W., now 
living in Sparta Township; Marquis D., at home; Caroline, living in Nap- 
panee, Elkhart County; John V., in Sparta Township; Thomas J., in Elkhart 
Township; Amos C, in Indianapolis; Charles, deceased; Jefferson C, at 
home; and Catharine E., deceased. Mr. Heltzel's first wife died in 1863, and 
he subsequently married Elizabeth Rentfrow, native of Ohio. They have two 
children — Andrew J. and Seymour. 

JAMES J. KNOX is a native of Richland County, Ohio, a son of John 
and Mary Knox, who emigrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio, where they lived 
on a farm until their death. James remained with his parents until he was 
twenty-two years old. He served as a soldier in the Mexican war thirteen 
months. After returning to Ohio he came to Noble County in 1848, and pur- 
chased 184 acres of timber land in Elkhart Township. Mr. Knox returned to 
Ohio and wintered, and in 1849 crossed the plains to California, where he en- 
gaged in gold mining until 1852, when, in July of that year, he again returned 
to Ohio. In 1853, he retraced his steps to Noble County and built a steam saw- 



442 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

mill in Allen Township ; this he operated for two years. September 5, 1854, 
he married Naomi A. Black, a daughter of Peter and Martha Black, who came 
from Maryland in 1853, and located on farm in Jefferson Township, where the 
father died ; the mother then lived with her son Cyrus until her death. In 
October, 1855, Mr. Knox and wife settled on his farm in this township, which 
he improved with fine buildings, orchard, etc. This farm he sold in June, 
1881, and purchased a fine brick residence in Ligonier, which he intends mak- 
ing his future residence. Mr. Knox and wife are members of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. They have had five children — Martha L. and Mary P., 
both deceased: Alice, Kate and Gertrude B. He still owns 433 acres of land, 
and is a substantial citizen. 

AARON E. MAWHORTER, son of William and Prudence Mawhorter, 
was born February 11, 1838, in Elkhart Township, where he lived with his par- 
ents on a farm, and obtained a common-school education. March 22, 1858, 
he married Rebecca Kessler, who was born in Morrow County, Ohio. Her 
parents — Andrew and Mariah Kessler — the former a native of Pennsylvania, 
the latter of Morrow County, Ohio, came to Indiana and located near Rome 
City. The mother died July 3, 1881, and the father is still living on the farm 
with his daughter. Mr. Mawhorter and wife are thrifty people, and have made 
vast improvements on their well-regulated farm. He now owns ninety-three 
acres of land, upon which are numerous fine buildings, besides town property 
in Wawaka. They have two children living — Eva C, who married a farmer of 
Elkhart Township, and William A., at work for himself; and one, Prudence 
M., deceased. 

WILLIAM MAWHORTER (deceased) was born in Washington County, 
Penn., February 9, 1812. His parents, William and Margaret Mawhorter, 
were wealthy, but lost their property and came to Ohio when William, Jr., was 
was about thirteen years old. Here, the father died. The subject of this 
sketch, when he grew to maturity, purchased forty acres of land in Marion 
County, upon which he lived with his mother and sisters, and engaged some- 
what in clearing until 1834, when he sold out and came to this county, and 
purchased 160 acresof land in this township from the Government. March 19, 
1837, he was married to Miss Prudence Pierson, who was born in Cape May 
County, N. J., August 18, 1816. They commenced housekeeping in the log 
cabin on his land, on which they lived until 1866, when he removed to eighty 
acres in Section 21, which he had purchased. Here his wife died July 7, 1870, 
he following her May 21, 1872. They were both members of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, of which he was Steward several years. Their children 
were: Aaron E., Martha A. (deceased), Sarah C, William H., Francis M. 
(whose head was injured when three years old, impairing his mind; he lives with 
his youngest brother), Joseph A. (deceased"), Thomas J., Marcus L., Joshua 
K. and Dr. N. (deceased). Thomas J. was born in this county December 10, 
1852, and was married May 17, 1874, to Miss A. Rendel, who was born in 
Ashlan(r County, Ohio, October 10, 1854, the daughter of William and Susan- 
na Rendel. To them have been born four children, viz.: Miron E., Dora B., 
Blanche M., deceased, and Walter A. Mr. and Mrs. Mawhorter are living 
upon the land entered from the Government by his father. 

GEORGE W. MUMMERT is a native of Canton, Ohio, whose parents 
were Adam and Mary Ann Mummert, natives of Pennsylvania. They came 
to Canton in 1816, where the mother subsequently died. The father is still 
living, and though he is eighty-one years old, he is quite active. In the year 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 443 

1854, at the age of eighteen, George W. came west to Goshen, Ind., where he 
found employment in a grist-mill. August 6, 1858, he married Louisa Zinn, 
whose parents were natives of Clark County, Ohio. Mr. Mummert followed 
milling in Goshen about fourteen years, then moved to Wawaka, where he 
built a grist-mill in 1868, in partnership with E. W. H. Ellis ; July 23, 1875, this 
property was destroyed by fire, when Mr. Mummert bought Mr. Ellis' interest 
and immediately erected a steam saw-mill ; this he continues to operate in a 
thoroughly business-like manner. He filled the office of Township Trustee two 
terms, and subsequently that of County Commissioner two terms. He is a 
member of Goshen Lodge, No. 34, I. 0. 0. F., of twenty-four years' standing, 
and member of Freemaa Encampment. He is also a Master Mason of the 
Albion Lodge. Mr. and Mrs. Mummert have had a family of four children — 
William C. is now Postmaster at Wawaka, and Elmer E. is living at home. 
All of the family are members of the M. E. Church. 

JAMES E. NOWELLS ministers to the wants of the traveling public 
as landlord of a comfortable hostelry in Wawaka. He was born in Holmes 
County, Ohio, and was bound out to Peter Dunmire, who kept a hotel. James' 
school opportunities were limited. He came to this township in 1856, but 
returned again to Ohio September 13, 1857. He married Mary A. Kline, 
daughter of Jacob and Barbara Kline, who still live in Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. 
Nowells came to his former location on a rented farm ; continued on rented 
property for a number of years, when he bought ten acres at the Poplar Grove 
Schoolhouse, after which he was employed as night-watchman at the railroad 
depot in Wawaka for six months ; then engage<l in same capacity at the wool- 
en mills in Rome City for one year ; then one year as clerk in a Mr. Miller's 
store, same place. Returning to Wawaka, he exchanged some real estate for 
town property, and started a grocery store ; this he continued for two years 
and six months, when he engaged in his present business, keeping hotel. Mr. 
Nowells has been honored with the office of Justice of the Peace for four years. 
They have three children — Alva E., Joseph L. and Minnie. His parents 
were Joseph and Sarah Nowells. The mother died in Ohio ; the father came 
to Indiana, and is now seventy-five years old. 

JOHN PANCAKE is a native of Ohio, where he lived on a farm and 
received the common education. His parents, John and Dorothy Pancake, 
came from their native State (Virginia) to Ohio, and settled on a farm, where 
they died. The subject came to Indiana in 1846, and located on land that 
had been entered by his father in 1838, and upon which he is now living. He 
has worked diligently, and at one time cleared a road through his farm, be- 
sides opening several others. His farm consists of 280 acres, enriched and 
cultivated soil. In the place of the log cabin of former days is an elegant 
brick residence, with other buildings to correspond. In 1846, Mr. Pancake 
was married to Miss Effie A. Radcliff, native of Ohio, and daughter of Job 
and Martha Radclifi", natives of Virginia. His wife died in 1847, in Indiana. 
He subsequently returned to Ohio and married Susan Cornell, now living. 
She was born inVirginia, and her parents, Daniel and Elizabeth Cornell, were 
also natives of Virginia, and were living in Illinois at the time of their death. 
Mr. and Mrs. Pancake have three children — Elias, married and living in Kan- 
sas, and Lizzie and Ella, living at home. 

JOSEPH L. PANCAKE was reared in this township, where he came 
with his parents in 1844, though born in Ohio. They were also natives of 
Ohio, and located on 160 acres of land entered from the Government, which 



444 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

they afterward increased to 320. The father, Isaac Pancake, died February 
2b, 1880, and his wife, Eve, September 14. 1881, on the old farm. Joseph 
Pancake was married December 22, 1870, to Olive Peck, whose parents. Bur- 
ton and Sarah Peck, natives of New York, are now living in La Grange 
County, where Olive was born. They have two children — Verne L. and 
Emma G. Mr. and Mrs. Pancake belong to the Lutheran Church. His farm 
is desirably located, has an excellent soil, and is adorned with a good frame 
residence, large barn, etc. Mr. Pancake received a moderate education, and is 
esteemed as a good citizen. 

EDMOND POTTER was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., where he 
lived until ten years of age, after that in Ohio until twenty-one, receiving a 
common-school education in Richland County. In 1844, he came with his 
parents to Indiana, and engaged in clearing land, etc. He was married Novem- 
ber 13, 184-3, to Sarah J. Creigh, whose parents, Samuel A. and Lydia A. 
Creigh. located in Wayne Township in 1844. They are both dead. Mrs. 
Potter is a native of Richland County, Ohio. They lived on a rented farm in 
Wayne Township one year ; he subsequently went to Michigan, where he drove 
team on public works, and two years for a railroad company at Niles ; followed 
this in building a mill in the Galien woods ; then was something over one year 
lumbering at La Porte, Ind. He then rented a farm one year, when he bought 
forty acres wild land in La Porte County, which he improved for two years ; 
then removed to Sparta Township, this county, and rented for one year ; pur- 
chased sixty-tive acres wood land in York Township, built a house and im- 
proved. In three years, sold and purchased eighty acres more ; improved this 
with house, orchard, etc., remaining five years ; sold and purchased eighty 
acres in Elkhart Township, partly improved ; sold this in six months ; went to 
Iowa, bought ninety acres, which he cultivated one year ; then sold and returned 
to York Township and bought his former tract of eighty acres ; this he culti- 
vated and improved fourteen years, when the spirit of change again came over 
him, and he traded for his present farm in Section 29, consisting of 170 acres ; 
has a good frame house and barn and other buildings, orchard, etc. Mr. 
Potter has served as Constable two years. They have ten children — Amada, 
Judson, Mary, Edmond H., Paul, John T., Cynthia A., William, Simeon B. 
and Charles W. The parents of Mr. Potter were Henry and Azubah Potter ; 
the father, native of Connecticut, and died in Wayne Township, this county ; 
the mother, native of York State, died in Elkhart County, Ind. 

PHILIP REIDENBAUCH (deceased), son of Philip Reidenbauch, was 
born in Germany, and learned the carpenter's trade there. At the age of 
twenty, he came to America and followed his trade for four years. March 16, 
1844, he married Catharine Comingue, daughter of Lorenzo and Mary A. 
Comingue, all natives of Germany. Mrs. R. came to America in 1840. The 
subject and wife lived three years in Zanesville, Ohio, then came to Springfield, 
Elkhart Township, where, during the winter, he was engaged in carpentering, 
and then settled on their farm of eighty acres in Section 25. This land he 
cleared and improved, making subsequent additions until it now numbers 240 
acres, 140 of which is cleared; and, together with the large frame residence 
and other requisite buildings thereon, presents really a beautiful appearance. 
Mr. Reidenbauch died October 18, 1881, much regretted by all. He was a 
member of the German Methodist Episcopal Church, and was a highly respected 
citizen. Mrs. R. is a member of the same church. They had nine children — 
Henry, killed in the battle of Mission Ridge ; Catharine and Jacob, both mar- 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 445 

ried and living in Elkhart Township ; Christina, living in Detroit, Mich.; 
Melinda, living in Wayne Township ; Lizzie, a resident of Michigan, and John, 
Philip and May A., all living at home. 

JOHN W. RENDEL, a native of Ashland County, Ohio, is a son of Will- 
iam and Susanna Rendel, natives of Pennsylvania ; came with them to Wayne 
Township, Noble County, and located on a farm. The subject was reared in 
Noble County, and taught school when eighteen years of age. He was mar- 
ried, November 14, 1869, to Catherine E. Haller. She was born in Wayne 
County, and her parents, John F. and Joanna Haller, were natives of Germany 
and Pennsylvania, respectively. In 1870, they came to Elkhart Township, 
where Mr. Rendel purchased eighty acres of land, which he has largely 
improved. For some time Mr. Rendel followed teaching in connection with 
farming, and for the past five years has been engaged in the ministry. He has 
served as Township Trustee two terms, and is serving his third by holding the 
oiBce on account of his successor's incompetency. He and wife are members 
of the Free-Will Baptist Church. They have four children — John A., Charles 
F., Orvill and Ota E. 

JOSEPH A. RITCHISON, son of Thomas and Mary Ritchison, was 
born in Chillicothe, Ohio, and was reared and educated in Ohio. His parents 
were natives of Maryland, and came to Ohio, where they were engaged in farm- 
ing, and where they died. Joseph Ritchison was brought up to hard labor on 
a farm, and spent some time in boating on the canal and river. In 1836, he 
went to Greene County, Ohio, and was there married, in 18-37, to Margaret 
Boroughs, a native of that county, and daughter of William and Sarah Bor- 
oughs, who were born in Maryland, and died in Ohio. The subject and wife 
lived in Greene County for thirty-eight years, engaged in farming, and then sold 
out and came to Indiana, where Mr. Ritchison purchased a farm of eighty acres 
in Elkhart Township, and resumed his old occupation. This land he has 
largely improved, and has erected numerous buildings. While in Ohio, Mr. 
Ritchison was elected Constable eight different times, and filled the office of 
Trustee two terms, and that of Deputy Sheriff two terms. They have had 
three children — Mary J., married, and living in Sparta Township ; Milo A., 
married, and living in Elkhart Township ; and William B., deceased. 

WILLIAM ROBERTS was born in New Jersey, but passed his boyhood 
in Knox County, Ohio. His father, James P. Roberts, was a native of Scotland ; 
his mother, Hannah, was of Pennsylvania. They settled in Knox County, where 
they died. In February, 1855, James was married to Mary M. Coffinberry, 
daughter of G. L. Coffinberry. Her parents lived in Ohio, where she was born. 
Mr. and Mrs. Roberts came to Albion April 13, 1855, where he engaged in 
painting, having learned the trade in Fredericktown, Ohio. After six years in 
this employment, he purchased a stock of furniture and undertaking, which busi- 
ness he ran four years, then sold and purchased a half interest in a grocery and 
provision store ; this occupied two years of his time, when he sold to William 
Johnston. In 1868 and 1869, he clerked for Mr. Black, and in 1870 came to 
Wawaka as clerk in Mr. Ward's drug store. In November of 1871, he pur- 
chased the business. This establishment burned in 1875, about one-half of 
the stock being saved ; sustained a loss of $700. Started up the business again, 
and sold out in 1877 ; then purchased a farm of eighty acres. His health fail- 
ing, he sold at the end of two years, and engaged in insurance, which business 
now receives his full attention. Representing, as he does, seven of the strong- 
est companies, adds largely to his prestige of success. He makes his office 



446 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

with G. W. Mummert. Mr. Roberts and wife have the following-named chil- 
dren — George L., James R. and Charlotte B. Mr. Roberts for four years 
administered the law to the satisfaction of the community as Justice of the 
Peace. 

FREDERICK SCHWAB is a native of Switzerland, where he spent his 
boyhood years, and where his parents were born and died. In 1857, he came 
to this country and located at Springfield, in this township. Here he served 
two years as an apprentice at the carpenter's trade with his brother. Continued 
at this trade until 1862 ; then enlisted in Company B, Eighty-eighth Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war, participating in the 
battles of Perryville, Stone River, Resaca, Chickamauga and Mission Ridge. 
In addition to this, had his share of marching, skirmishes, etc. His health be- 
ing impaired, he engaged in shoemaking in Missouri for two years. Returned 
to Wawaka in 1875, and engaged in butchering for a summer ; then, after one 
year in the grocery business, Mr. Schwab commenced general merchandising, 
in which trade he still continues, carrying a stock of about $4,000 ; being well- 
adapted to this calling, he has become popular and commands an increasing cus- 
tom. His wife was Mary A. Lower, daughter of Daniel and Abigail Lower, 
natives, respectively, of Germany and Ohio. The father came to America in 
1831. Mr. and Mrs. Schwab were married in May, 1866. They have had 
five children — Margaret A. (deceased), Millie M., William D.,NoraE. (deceased), 
and Charles W. Mr. Schwab is a member of the Ligonier Lodge, No. 267. I. 
0. 0. F. 

GOTTLIEB SCHWAB was born in Switzerland, where he served as an 
apprentice for two years at the shoemaker's trade. In the year 1866, he came 
to this country from his native land and settled in Wawaka. Following his in- 
clination and previous training, he engaged in shoemaking and in the boot and 
shoe trade. This business he still continues, having the only establishment of 
the kind in the village. Mr. Schwab has had thorough training in his line, 
and by close attention to his business has been able to draw custom from a large 
section of the surrounding country. He carries a well-assorted stock of about 
$1,600 worth. October 29. 1868, Mr. Schwab was married to Nancy Hersey, 
daughter of Henry Hersey, a native of Ohio. To this union were born five chil- 
dren, viz., Fannie F., Jennie, Cora, Ira and Clarence ; the latter, deceased. 
Mr. Schwab is an Odd Fellow, a member ot the Ligonier Lodge. His parents 
were John and Annie Schwab, both of whom died in Switzerland. 

CALVIN A. SEYMOUR, M. D.. is a native of this county, born in No- 
ble Township, where he passed his early days with his parents until he reached 
the age of twenty-one years. He then entered school at Albion which he at- 
tended' two years. After which he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. 
Leonard in Albion, completing with Dr. E. H. Depew, of Wolf Lake. In the 
meantime our medical student taught school some. He graduated in his pro- 
fessional studies at the Indiana Medical College at Indianapolis. He then be- 
gan this practice at Sheldon, eleven miles south of Fort Wayne, where he con- 
tinued with excellent success for nine years. Subsequently the Doctor came to 
Wawaka and located permanently, where he continues in his profession. In the 
year 1869, he was united in marriage with Callie V. Keller, a native of Vir- 
ginia. She is a member of the Christian Church. They have three children, 
viz., Horace A., Bertie B. and Ovis. The Doctor's father was a native of New 
York, and came to Indiana in 1834, worked at " Rowdy Ridge," now known 
as Christian Chapel. He purchased a farm near Wolf Lake, where he died in 
1873. 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 447 

THOMAS SHAW is the son of Hamilton and Abigail Shaw, and was 
born in Columbiana County, Ohio, the nativity of his parents. They removed 
to Hardin County, Ohio, in 1847, where they now live on a farm. Thomas 
Shaw was reared on a farm ; was married in December, 1853, to Susannah 
Stump, native of Hancock County, Ohio ; she died in 1862. Mr. Shaw came 
to Elkhart Township in 1855, and located on unimproved land, which he culti- 
vated for eight years, when he went to Illinois, where he remained on a farm 
about one year. Returned to this township and located on his present farm of 
126 acres which is under a good state of cultivation, and which he has improved 
by adding necessary and comfortable buildings. He also owns thirty-six acres 
of other land. He was married to his second wife, Rachel Grisamer, in Novem- 
ber, 186.3 ; she was born in Perry Township, this county, to Joseph and Anna 
Grisamer; the mother died in March, 1874. Mr. and Mrs. Shaw are members 
of the Free- Will Baptist Church. He served one year as Township Trustee, 
and is the father of three children by his first wife — Jesse B., Marion F. and 
David A. 

FRANCIS M. STAGE is a native of Muskingum County, Ohio, and 
remained with his parents, Benjamin and Loraine Sta'jie, until twenty-five years 
of age. They came to Indiana in 1834, and located on wooded land in Perry 
Township, Noble County, where they died. Benjamin Stage was born in New 
Jersey, and his wife was a native of Maine. Francis M. Stage was commonly 
educated, and reared to farm labor. October 11, 1856, he was married to 
Louisa Bradford, whose parents, Joseph and Phebe Bradford, natives of Ohio, 
came to Indiana, and located in York Township in 1831, where the father died 
in 1839. Mrs. Bradford died in Perry Township. Louisa Bradford is a 
native of York Township, and after her union with Mr. Stage, they settled on 
their present farm in Elkhart Township, where they are comfortably and pros- 
perously living. When twenty years old, Mr. Stage began teaching, and 
taught three terms. He has served two terms as Township Trustee, and is a 
member of the I. 0. 0. F. They have had nine children — Anson B., Otis, 
Willard, James, Ward, Loraine (deceased), Lillian, Benjamin and Lydia, twins, 
(deceased). 

JACOB E. STAGE, one of the prominent farmers of the township, is a 
native of the Buckeye State, and lived with his parents until tweaty-three years 
of age, assisting in clearing and improving land. Benjamin and Loraine Stage, 
his parents, natives respectively of New Jersey and Maine, came to this county 
in 1834. locating in Perry Township, where they cleared a farm and subse- 
quently died. The subject married Miss Catharine Marker, May 12, 1853, 
and located on the farm in Elkhart Township — that his father had previously 
purchased, and which was slightly improved. Mr. Stage is sufliciently skilled 
in the trades to do his own carpentering and blacksmithing, and is a thorough 
and practical farmer ; has a fine orchard, and the land under excellent cultiva- 
tion. His wife died in 1874, August 24. Her parents were George and Mary 
Marker, natives of Pennsylvania, came to Indiana, and located in Perry Town- 
ship, where they died. Mrs. S. left two children — Albert F. and Emmett M., 
the latter now clerking at Slabtown. Mr. Stage's present wife was Mrs. Sarah 
A. Teaford. daughter of Abraham and Mary Yost, and a native of Ohio. Her 
father was born in Virginia, her mother in Maryland. They have three 
children — Mary \.. Rosa A. and Alton H. 

RICHARD J. STAGE is a native of Noble County. His parents, Ben- 
jamin and Loraine Stage, natives, respectively, of New Jersey and Maine, were 



448 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

early settlers of this county, where they came in 1834, locating in Perry Town- 
ship, on the place known as the Haw Patch. Richard's early life was passed 
here with his parents, and he attended tlie common district school. In 1861, 
he married Miss Melinda Swank, a native of Muskingum County, Ohio, and 
daughter of Jacob and Mary Swank, who were natives of Virginia, now 
deceased. They have had five children ; one, Mary E., is deceased, and the 
rest are living at home — Ida M., Sarah, Bell and Alma. Sarah is deaf. Mr. 
Stage learned engineering in 1869, and has followed it up to the present time, 
with the exception of one year. 

ANANIAS STEWART is a native of Elkhart Township, where he was 
reared on a farm, receiving instructions in the common school. His parents, 
Joseph and Elizabeth Stewart, natives of Pennsylvania, came to Indiana in 
1839, locating in Elkhart Township, Section 24, where he had previously pur- 
chased 160 acres of wooded land. After clearing a place he built a log cabin, 
and made other land purchases, among them, in 1865, 100 acres in Iowa, 
where he moved the ensuing year, and wlicre he died in 1867. The mother is 
sixty-four years old, and is living with her youngest daughter on the old farm 
in Elkhart Township. The subject, in 1862, enlisted in Company B, Twelfth 
Indiana Volunteer Infantrj'. He was in the battle of Lexington, and was 
taken prisoner. For two days he went without food, and on the third day was 
paroled. In about eighty days, was exchanged, and received his discharge in 
January, 1863, making in all about six months' service. He married Salome 
Osborn, September 28, 1865. She is a native of La Grange County, and 
daughter of Nathan P. and Elizabeth Osborn, natives of New York and Ohio, 
who came to Indiana in 1838, located in La Grange County, Clearspring 
Township, but subsequently moved to Elkhart Township, where they died. 
Mr. and Mrs. Stewart are members of the Free- Will Baptist Church, and are 
living on the father's old farm, where they first settled. They have four 
children- — -John, Cary, Walter, Cora E., all living at home. 

HENRY STUMP is living upon the farm to which he moved from Mich- 
igan, in which State he commenced housekeeping after he was married. Decem- 
ber 23, 1866, to Emily A., daughter of Isaac and Barbara Tibbott, the father 
a native of Ohio, and the mother of Indiana. Mrs. Stump was born in Elk- 
hart Township. The farm of Mr. Stump is well improved, with a fine brick 
residence, good barn and other necessary fittings. He is a native of Seneca 
County, Ohio, the son of John and Barbara Stump, who came to Indiana in 
1856, locating in this township, where they died. They were natives of Penn- 
sylvania. Henry Stump spent his boyhood in Hancock County, Ohio, and 
came to this township in 1857, and taught school that winter. In the spring 
of 1858, went to California, and in the fall to Oregon ; in the spring of 1859, 
to Klikitat Valley, W. T.; was one of the first four in that valley : he re- 
turned to the Willamette Valley, Ore., then went on a prospecting tour to Fra- 
zer River, a distance of 800 miles ; this venture was a financial failure. Re- 
turned to the Willamette Valley late in the fall, where he remained during the 
winter ; in the spring, he went on a prospecting tour with a party of .seventy 
to southeastern Oregon, near the Blue Mountains ; here, in Baker County, 
they discovered the Auburn mines. When ready to return, the company di- 
vided into three squads ; one company going northwest, were captured by the 
Indians, and all killed but one. Mr. Stump's party arrived in safety. He 
returned to the mines the next spring, and worked them that season with ordi- 
nary success ; spent the following winter in the Willamette Valley, and in the 



ELKHART TOWNSHIP. 449 

spring, in company with his brother, located within ten miles of the mines with 
a herd of cattle, where they remained two years, engaged in raising grain and 
vegetables and caring for tlieir stock, at the end of which time he returned to 
Elkhart County. Mr. Stump has filled the office of Township Assessor seven 
consecutive years. They have one child — Minnie M. — living at home. 

HENRY WALKER, a well-to-do farmer of Elkhart Township, was born 
in Baltimore County, Md., and reared in Ohio, whither his parents — Chris- 
topher and Magdalene Walker, natives of Maryland — came in 1819, and de- 
voted their remaining days to the pursuit of agriculture. The father made a 
trip to Indiana, and purchased 426 acres of Government land in Elkhart and 
York Townships. Henry Walker lived with his parents until twenty-three 
years old. December 23, 1841, he was married to Catharine Davis, a native 
of Maryland, and daughter of James and Elizabeth Davis, both natives of 
Maryland, where they died in Baltimore County. They commenced married 
life on the father's farm in Ohio, but in 1842 came to Indiana and located on 
their present farm of eighty acres ; this is now in a fine state of cultivation, 
and contains many fine buildings — good barn, frame residence, etc. His wife 
is an adherent of the Old- School Baptist Church. They have four children — 
Nehemiah, living in Kansas ; William, in Ionia County, Mich.; George W., in 
Albion, and Cecilia, living with her parents. 

WILSON L. WELLS is a native of New York, where he lived until 
twenty-six years old. His education was obtained at the common school in 
Masonville, Delaware County. At the age of eighteen he began lumbering, and 
carried lumber by raft from Deposit to Philadelphia. He followed this busi- 
ness seven years. His parents, Levi and Electa Wells, natives of Connecticut, 
died in New York. Wilson Wells was married, in. 1835, to Julia Smith, 
native of New York, and daughter of William H. and Betsey Smith ; the 
former died in the war of 1812, and the latter in Noble County. The subject 
and wife came to Noble County in 1835, with a two-horse wagon, bringing 
their effects with them. The journey lasted about five weeks. They located in 
Elkhart Township, and began clearing and improving the land. The Indians, 
although at that time numerous, were not troublesome. The first acre of spring 
wheat that Mr. Wells sowed, produced eighteen bushels. He paid $200 for his 
first land, eighty acres, and subsequently added eighty more that adjoined it. 
His farm now consists of 208 acres, seventy of which are cleared, and contains 
many fine buildings, a good orchard, and all the modern improvements and 
conveniences. The subject at one time graded two miles on the Lake Shore 
Railroad at a cost of about $8,000, but was never remunerated for his services 
By his first wife, who died in 1842, he had one child — Cordelia (now deceased). 
In 1844, he married Emily Sebbins, native of Massachusetts. She died in 
1847. They had one child — Julia (now deceased). Mr. Wells' present wife. 
Abigail (Smith) Wells, is a native of Delaware County, N. Y. They have two 
children — Alice (now married and living at home), and Electa (who married a 
farmer of Elkhart Township). His wife is a member of the Presbyterian 
Church. 

JOHN ZIMMERMAN came from Switzerland, his native country, with 
his parents, in 1833, at the age of fifteen. The family located on a farm in Tus- 
carawas County, Ohio, John assisting in clearing the land. His parents, Daniel 
and Ann Zimmerman, remained here until they died. After ten years at home, 
John learned the tanner's trade, serving as an apprentice two years with Phillip 
Warnce. March 22, 1841, he married Susanna Schranz, whose parents, John 



450 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

and Magdalene Schranz. were natives of Switzerland, came to Ohio in 1833, 
subsequently to Marion County, Ind., where they died. Mr. Zimmerman and 
wife, with their eifects in a one-horse wagon, came to this township with $15 in 
money. He purchased four acres of land, and erected a log tannery. The 
first oil he used in his business he brought in a ten-gallon keg on horseback 
from Goshen, twenty-five miles. At the end of three years he bought forty 
acres of land, which he began improving ; to this he continued to add until he 
became the owner of 400 acres. He continued his tanning in connection with 
farming until 1868, when he came to Wawaka and engaged in the hardware 
and leather trade ; subsequently changed to a general stock of merchandise, 
which business he now conducts. Mr. Zimmerman's first wife died in 1864. 
By her he had the following children — Joseph, William, Elizabeth, Delilah, 
Jacob L., Daniel T., Mary, Ellen, Manuel (deceased), and Sarah. In 1865, 
he married Mrs. Hoffman. From this union there have been two children — 
Sophia and Millie, the former deceased. Uriah a son of Mrs. Hoffman by 
former husband, has also been a member of the family. Mr. Zimmerman has 
been Township Trustee four terms. Himself and wife are members of the M. 
E. Church, of which he has been Steward twenty-three years. He has in his 
day erected twenty-three buildings. His business room is a neat brick and his 
residence a commodious structure of same material. 



SPARTA TOWNSHIP. 

JESSE BAKER is a native of Kosciusko County, Ind., where he was 
born September 13, 1835. His parents moved to this township when he was 
about one year old, thus becoming associated with pioneer experiences from his 
earliest days. The log schoolhouse, with its greased paper windows and other- 
wise rude character, was his only opportunity for an education, and clearing 
the farm of his father gave ample opportunity for physical development. October 
31, 1857, he married Eliza Lane, and by her has become the father of eight 
children — John E., Alice (deceased), Myron, Celestia, Ella, Charlie, Melvin 
and an infant deceased. In 1862, Mr. Baker bought a farm of 170 acres, and 
has cleared in his life about 130 acres, and has produced from 300 to 1,800 
bushels of wheat per year. This farm he traded, in 1878, to Mr. Shearer 
for his present farm. Mr. Baker's parents were John and Jane (Thompson) 
Baker. The father was a native of Fayette County, Ohio, and was left with 
the care of four children by the death of the mother in 1844. He died August 
26, 1879. Jesse Baker had one brother in the Union army during the late 
war. Is a Democrat in politics, and is a well-to-do and industrious farmer. 

JOHN CALBECK was born in the Dominion of Canada, near Montreal. 
March 1, 1837, the fourth child of John and Eliza (Shrader) Calbeck. His 
father, John Calbeck, was a merchant near Liverpool, England, previous to 
1831, when he came to America, after which he followed the occupation of 
farming. John Calbeck received a good common-school and academical educa- 
tion in Stark County, Ohio, where his father moved from Canada. In 1858, 
he came to Indiana to visit his brother, Joseph Calbeck, and that winter taught 
school. In 1861, he came to Indiana, and located, buying, in 1862. forty acre-^ 
of land on Section 11, where he has since resided. Mr. Calbeck has paid 
considerable attention to scientific researching, and has a fine library, also an 



SPARTA TOWNSHIP. 451 

interesting collection of geological specimens. He has delivered quite a num- 
ber of lectures on science and theology, and has educated himself and family 
In politics, he is liberal, voting for the interests of the people. In religion he 
he is bwedenborgian, believing the teachings of the Bible as expounded' by 
bwedenborg. He now owns 280 acres of fine farming land. He was married 
March 11, 1861, to Catharine Gesaman, and they had seven children— 
Orlando Rinaldo Milton, Almina (deceased), Newton, Milo and Lacemtum. 
Mr. Oalbeck is a highly respected, honorable citizen. 

JOSEPH CALBECK is a native of England, and was born near Liver- 
pool May 14, 1827. He is the third in order born to John and Eliza Calbeck, 
Ihe father, who was a merchant in England, crossed the ocean in 1832 and 
settled in East Canada, where he commenced farming. In about three years 
he went to West Canada, shortly after which, his family came over from 
England and joined him. In the meantime, his attention had been attracted 
to the United btates, which ripened into a determination to cross the line 
Consequently, after a time, he, with his family, emigrated to Stark County, 
Ohio. In that fertile section he remained until his death in 1867. The rep- 
resentative of this sketch, owing to the vicissitudes and surroundings of his 
early life, received but a meager education; but, by reason of superior natural 
endowments, he has become well informed and has developed into prominence 
in business affairs. In the fall of 1855, he came to Indiana, and after working 
rented land about three years, he purchased eighty acres in Section 15 of thii 
township. For fourteen years, in connection with farrnin.^, Mr Calbeck 
bought and shipped stock. Since that he has been dealing in |rain and trans- 
acting quite a brokerage business in Cromwell. By his acute perceptions he 
has been able to make his grain operations remunerative for himself and others 
have profited by his dealing for them. He now owns 248 acres of land but 
does no farming himself. In 1852, he was married to Miss Mary Lichten- 
walter, and by her has five children— Ida, Isabel. Lewis, Myron and John 
Mr. Calbeck is a Republican and stands high in business and other circles 
,..,-. u^^ EARNHART was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, Auc^ust 12 
1811, the son of William and Jane (Patterson) Earnhart, and one of a family 
of eight children. His father was a gunsmith, and followed this occupation in 
Circleville, Ohio. When he was about eighteen years old, John commenced to 
learn this trade of his father, at which he continued to work. March 12 1833 
he was married to Mary Hitler. They removed to this county in 1843' arriv- 
ing in September. He purchased a farm of 240 acres from Isaac Spencer 
with five acres improved. This land was situated upon Section 22 in this 
township. Upon this he settled and commenced clearing, hirincr some of his 
chopping done, but rolled logs and built fence himself Mr. Earnhart also 
worked at gunsmithing more or less for fifteen years after coming to Indiana 
1 hey have had born to them twelve children— James, Susan (deceased), Thomas 
Joseph and Harriet (deceased), William, John (deceased). Nelson, Alvin (de- 
ceased), Jane, Ellen and Lewis. Mr. Earnhart is a Democrat, and has filled 
the offices of Trustee, Assessor and Justice of the Peace each a term of four 
years, and is a worthy citizen of the township. Though healthy and strong 
himself, he has had much sickness in his family and has seen the"rou<^h side of 
life. He now owns 400 acres of land and has six children married " 

JOHN GANTS, M. D., was born October 17, 1832, in Stark County, 
Ohio; IS the son of Samuel and Anna (Hoover) Gants, one of thirteen chil- 
dren. He was raised on his father's farm, and received a common-school and 



YT 



452 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

academical education. When twenty-two years old, he commenced the study 
of medicine under Dr. Clover, and in 1858 came West to Noble County, lo- 
cated at Cromwell and commenced the practice of medicine, and has amassed 
considerable property. During the winter of 1871-72, he attended the Cin- 
cinnati Eclectic Medical College, from which he graduated with honors, and 
is now the leading physician in Cromwell. In 1879, he was married to Eliza 
Surfis, of Noble County. They have two children — Roland and Maud. Mr. 
Gants is a strong Republican, and is an enterprising, intelligent citizen. 

JOSEPH HITLER, a farmer of Sparta Township, and whose post 
office is Ligonier, was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, November 28, 1816, a 
son of George and Susan (Gay) Hitler, and one of a family of eleven children. 
He was raised on a farm, and received a good education. In 1852, he came to 
Indiana, and settled on his present farm on Section 22, where he at first bought 
300 acres, but since that time has increased the number, by purchase, to 430, 
which gives him a fine, productive farm. This is under a good state of cultivation, 
and yields a good revenue under the systematic management of Mr. Hitler. 
March 3, 1841, he was married to Miss Louisa A. Winstead, a lady from Fair- 
field County, Ohio. To them were born twelve children — William, George 
(deceased), Susana, Martha, Mary, Ellen, Sarah, Melinda, John (deceased), La 
Fayette, Miralda and Joseph E. Mrs. Hitler died May 31, 1881. Mr. Hit- 
ler is a man of liberal means, a Democrat in politics, and a worthy citizen. 

JACOB HONTZ was born in Stark County, Ohio, September 30, 1881, 
the second of thirteen children, whose parents were Jonathan and Marv (Went- 
zel) Hontz. The father, in his earlier life, was a farmer, but later took up the 
occupation of a weaver. In 1853, he came from Ohio to this township, and 
settled on 160 acres in Section 18, which he bought from the State. There he 
lived until his death, July 9, 1878. The mother died April 3. 1881. Jacob 
was furnished with plenty of hard work during his boyhood days, in clearing 
the farm, notwithstanding which he obtained a fair education. He married 
Hannah Hoak, from Champaign County. Ohio, March 1, 1855, and thus be- 
came the father of eleven children — David (deceased), John H., William C, 
Mary E., Jonathan A., Samantha J., Daniel S., Lewis C, Harriet A., Effie 
F. and Correna M. Mr. Hontz, before coming to Indiana, learned the car- 
penter's trade, at which he worked about six years, most of the time in Ohio. 
He is a Democrat in political matters, and belongs to Ligonier Lodge, 185, F. 
& A. M. One of his sons, William C, is a school teacher, having taught two 
or three terms ; one of the girls is married. 

JOHN C. JOHNSON, son of Daniel and Nancy (Cochran) Johnson, 
born in Wyoming County, N. Y., December 25, 1816, is the eldest of five 
children, and of the best Scotch-Irish ancestry. His fiither was a poor car- 
penter and millwright, and never had a home, and the subject, at the age of 
twenty, having acquired a fair education, started out with the determination to 
succeed and make for himself a home. He started, March, 1837, and trav- 
eled via Black Rock to Canada ; thence to Detroit, and down to Lima, where 
lie was taken sick and remained until October, when he came to this county 
and settled on the reserve, Section 16 ; he subsequently sold that land for $300, 
and bought 88 acres in Section 8 ; in three years, he moved to his farm, where 
he has remained. He owns 83 acres of good farming land, and is a prosperous 
farmer and influential citizen. For five terms he served the township as Jus- 
tice of the Peace. He was married, November 24, 1839, to Eliza Prentice. 
They had eight children — Milo, Perry, William P., Charles W., Ida and Lida, 



SPARTA TOWNSHIP. 453 

twins (deceased), Amanda and infant daughter (deceased) ; three of the sons 
and one daughter are married. Perry and William served in the late war 
three years and two months in the Second Indiana Cavalry and Thirtieth Indi- 
ana Volunteer Infantry. Mr. Johnson is a member of the "tjniversalist Church 
and a strong Republican. ' 

JACOB RISER, one of the pioneers of Sparta Township, is a native of 
Jefferson County, Ohio, where he was born in 1812. He comes from a pioneer 
family, his parents and grandparents being among the earlier settlers of Ohio. 
His father. Jacob Riser, was a native of Pennsylvania, coming at an early day 
to Jefferson County, Ohio, where he was united in marriage with Miss Mary 
Shawer, also from Pennsylvania ; while residing here, he entered the service in 
the war of 1812. They subsequently removed to Wayne County, Ohio, where 
they were also pioneers, living there until their deaths. Our subject is the 
fourth in descent in a family of seven children. He became familiar, in his 
youth, with all the phases of pioneer life. He was married in 1834 to Miss 
Jane Smith, a native of Chester County, Penn., and subsequently became the 
owner of his father's old farm in Wayne County, upon which he lived until the 
fall of 1813, when, with his family, he decided to emigrate to Indiana. He located 
in the woods of Sparta, upon what is now the finely-improved farm of his son 
Moses. This farm he cleared up and improved, living there until 1871, when 
he sold and removed to Perry Township, remaining there until 1881, when he 
returned to Sparta Township, purchasing the farm of Harrison Galloway, 
where he is at present living. He has 100 acres of land located upon the 
southern township line. Mr. Riser is one of the valued citizens of Noble 
County. His line of conduct and action has always been progressive, and. as 
a farmer, has made a practical success. He has served as Township Trustee for 
many terms. As an early settler, he has been selected to appear in the por- 
trait department, from Sparta Township, in this work. Mr. and Mrs. R. have 
had a family of twelve children, six of whom attained maturity ; three now 
living— Moses, William S. and Isabell Hersey. Ann (deceased) was the wife 
of Mathias Green. He died in the army in 1863. She died in 1869, leaving 
three children. Maria died in Perry Township. Perry was a member'of Com- 
pany B, Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was in active service 
nearly three years. He died in Perry Township in 1877. 

MOSES RISER is the second child of Jacob and Jane (Smith) Riser, 
who had twelve children. Moses was born in Wayne County, Ohio, July is', 
1837, and came with his parents, in 1843, to Indiana, and settled on Section 
10, in this township. Here Moses obtained such education as the schools of 
the log cabin days afforded, and when about eighteen years old learned the trade 
of carpenter and joiner. This he followed several years. In the war of the 
rebellion, on the 7th of August, 1862, he became a member of Company B 
Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, under Capt. William N. Voris. In 
this service, he participated in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Chicka- 
mauga, and others of lesser note. On the 29th day of May, 1865, he 'was hon- 
orably mustered out as Sergeant. Returning home, he was subsequently elected 
Sheriff of Noble County, in which capacity he served so satisfactorily that he 
was re elected for another term. On retiring from this position, he purchased 
the old Riser homestead, upon which he still resides, a good Republican, and an 
honored and respected citizen. He now owns 173 acres of the valuable lands 
of Sparta Township. Mr. Riser was married November 22, 1866, to Elizabeth 
A. Strouse. To them have been born three children — Walter F. Perry W. 
and Roscoe. ' 



454 BIOGUAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

JACOB KREAGER was born in Licking County, Ohio, August 12. 1823, 
the fifth child of John and Sallie (Hursey) Kreager. Being left an orphan 
when quite young, his education was sadly neglected. At an early age, he went 
to work at the carpenter's trade, but growing tired of this, he rented a farm in 
Ohio and worked it for two years; then went to hauling stone. This business 
proving distasteful, he discontinued it and bought a farm of fifty acres. This 
he soon sold and bought IIG acres, which he farmed for one year, and then sold 
for $1,500, and came to Indiana in May. 1854. Here he bought a farm of 
eighty acres, giving §1,500, and his team and wagon for the same. Here he 
built himself a cabin and worked at clearing up his farm, and has succeeded in 
obtaining 760 acres of the best farming land in Sparta Township. Mr. Kreager 
is fond of good stock, and pays some attention to breeding Durham cattle. He 
was married, March 24, 1850, to Miss Artemisia Belknap. They have six 
children — Cara P., John D.. Emma E., William H., Mary A. and Minnie M. 
Mr. K. is a good Democrat, and a well-respected, influential citizen. 

SPALDEN McMANN was born in Madison County, Ohio, November 
2, 1834, the seventh child in a family of ten, whose parents were James and 
Mary (Lee) Mclslann. The father was a farmer, and came to Indiana, settling 
in Kosciusko County with his family in 1838, and Perry Township, this county, 
in 1840. In 1844, he moved to Section 5, of this township, where he died in 
July, 1869. The mother died in December, 1877. Spalden McMann obtained 
a limited education in the log schoolhouse of his neighborhood at intervals, when 
he could be spared from helping his father on the fiirm. In 1852, his uncle, 
Spalden Winchester, gave him forty acres of land, upon which he commenced 
for himself in 1856. Since that time, he has purchased an additional 280 
acres, which makes him a farm not easily surpassed in soil and other good qualities. 
November 22, 1855, he was married to Elizabeth Gale. They have had twelve 
children — an infant (deceased), James (deceased), Melissa, Cora (deceased), 
Henry, Ann, Caroline, Schuyler, Perry, John, Spalden and Mary. In the 
late war, the family of which Mr. McMann is a member was represented by 
three brothers, showing a patriotic devotion to the country. He is a Repub- 
lican, and a thorough good citizen. 

DANIEL OHLWINE, the fourth of twelve children in the family of 
Charles and Elizabeth [Schrader) Ohlwine, was born in Warren County, Oliio, 
February 14. 1810. He moved with his parents to Montgomery County, 
Germantown, when three years old, and, when about ten years of age, to Greene 
County, Ohio. His father was a tanner, and followed that trade until within 
a few years of his death, which occurred in 1856. The subject received the 
average education, and was employed during his youth in chopping, grubbing 
and splitting rails. In September, 1833, he came to Indiana, went back to 
Ohio in November, then returned in the spring of 1834, and built the cabin 
where he now lives iu the spring of 1835. The first term of court in Noble 
County was held in 1836, on the old Adam Engle farm, and Mr. Ohlwine 
served on the jury. In January, 1835, he assisted at the burial of the old 
Indian chief. Flat Belly, with whom he was well acquainted. Mr. Ohlwine was 
fond of hunting, and, in 1844, bought 124.92 acres of land, the deed for which 
was signed by Gov. James Whitcomb. He has cleared, in all, about 200 acres 
of land. In 1840, he traveled on foot through Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri 
and Kansas, and was gone about three months. February 17, 1831, he was 
married to Miss Maria Weed, who died in October, 1859. They had one ciuld 
— Archie. Mr. Ohlwine was again married May 22, 1860, to Mrs. Sarah 



SPARTA TOWNSHIP. 455 

(Bartley) Ballah, a member of the Christian Church. He is a strong Repub- 
lican. 

SAMUEL OHLWINE is a native of Greene County, Ohio, where he 
was born May 31, 1820, one of twelve children, to Charles and Elizabeth 
(Holtz) Ohlwine — the father was a farmer and tanner. Samuel, though raised 
on a farm, secured a good education, and commenced teaching school in Ohio, 
where he taught three or four winters. This calling he followed after coming 
to Indiana, until he had taught some eighteen terms, or about twenty-one in 
all. April 13, 1843, in Greene County. Ohio, Mr. Ohlwine was married to 
Eliza Ann Hopping. In October, 1845, he came to this county, and settled 
wliere he now lives. He bought eighty acres of land from the State, which he 
paid for in money called " blue dog." This he got at 45 cents on the dollar, 
and paid for his land with it at par. Mrs. Ohlwine died January 7, 1877. 
By her he had four children — Jasper N., Martha J., John Q. (deceased) and 
^Mary Ann. Jasper enlisted in Company E, Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer 
Infantry, Capt. Silver's, and served in the late war about four years, being 
mustered out as Sergeant. Mr. Ohlwine December 18, 1879, married Lena 
Breninger for his second wife. He is a substantial citizen, and a desirable 
neighbor. In 1858, he was elected County Commissioner, in which capacity 
he served twelve years. During his term of office, the present court house was 
built, the county poor farm was purchased, and the buildings on it erected. 
Mr. Ohlwine was also, in 1874, a candidate on the Republican ticket for the 
State Legislature. 

NATHANIEL PRENTICE was the son of Nathaniel Prentice, an old 
Revolutionary soldier, who served during the war, and was in the battles of 
Monmouth, White Plains, and assisted in the capture of Cornwallis. He cast 
his first vote for President for George Washington. Was a native of Con- 
necticut, and, in June, 1800, was married to Margaret Hedden, a widow with 
one child, from New Jersey. Mr. Prentice had also been previously married, 
and had two children at the time of his union with Margaret Hedden. To 
this union, seven children were born, one of whom, the subject of our sketch, 
was born in Saratoga County, N. Y., July 8, 1808, .and is the fifth one in order 
of descent of the name of Nathaniel. He was raised on his father's firm, and 
received a good common-school education. Nathaniel and his brothers came to 
Noble County in 1837, and were soon followed by their aged parents. Nathaniel 
settled on the farm where he now lives, and his father on the farm now belonging 
to Mrs. Hull, on Section 29. The latter died January 23, 1839, highly respected 
by all who knew him. After the death of his father, Nathaniel still continued to 
work at clearing his farm, and, in December 14, 1851, was married to Catharine 
(Rice) Shepper, widow of John Shopper, and by her had eight children — Arcella 
(deceased), William H., Orpheus L., Laura, Luella, Lucy, Edwin Nathaniel and 
Oliver (deceased). Mr. Prentice has resided in Sparta Township since his arrival 
in Indiana; is independent in politics; is a member of the Christian Church 
and a highly respected citizen. 

JEREMIAH B. NOE was born on Section 23, this township, February 
7, 1844, the twelfth of a family of fifteen children. His parents were Aaron 
and Sarah (Beem) Noe, the former of French and the latter. of Dutch descent. 
They came to Indiana, in 1837, from Licking County, Ohio. The father was 
a blacksmith and farmer, and set up the first blacksmith-shop in Sparta Town- 
ship. In 1841, Allen Noe, a brother of the subject and but a child, disap- 
peared from the y<ard while the mother was busy, and was never found. It is 



-156 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

supposed he was stolen by the Indians, a full account of which will be found 
in the second chapter of the county histor}'. Jeremiah was reared to farm 
labor. In 1860, he bought eighty acres of land, which he has cleared, and 
also owns a part of the old homestead, in all about 127 J acres. In February, 
1862, he enlisted in the Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Company I, 
and served at the battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, Stone River and 
minor engagements. He was wounded in the leg and lay in the hospital for 
fifteen months. Was discharged in February, 1864. He marrieil, August 19, 
1866, Rebecca Surfus. They had four children — Ellen, Ellsworth, Howard M. 
and Gracie. Mr. Noe has a flint-lock musket, four feet long, which his 
grandfather carried in the Revolutionary army. For the past three or four 
years, he has been engaged in shipping stock. He is a Republican and a 
good citizen. 

NATHAN WHITE was born in Fayette County, Ohio, November 19, 
1827, the third child of John and Maria (Baker) White. His father was a 
farmer and in 1838 came to York Township, and entered 160 acres of land on 
Section 30. He then returned to Ohio for his family, where he was taken 
sick and died, leaving his wife with the care of six children. In 1844, Mrs. 
White, a heroic woman, moved, with her family, to York Township, and settled 
on the land her husband had previously entered. This they commenced clear- 
ing, and by hard labor made for themselves a good home. Nathan acquired 
an education by attending school winters, and by industry and economy finally 
secured the old homestead by purchase. January 4, 1855, he married Maria 
Kimmel. They had three children — Irene, John 0. and Mira. In March, 
1868, Mrs. White died. In 1866, Mr. White bought his present farm on Sec- 
tion 13, this township, upon which he moved in 1869. It is on what is known 
as the Sparta Flats and one of the richest in the township. Mr. White's 
landed possessions comprise about 420 acres, 230 of which is under cultivation. 
Though by going security for others, and thus losing large sums of money, he 
is still ranked as one of the wealthy and respected citizens of the county. In 
political affiliations he is a Democrat, and in 1864, during the war of the re- 
bellion, furnished his substitute for service in the army for the Union. 

WILLIAM K. WOLF was born in Greene County, Ohio, February 25, 
1825. His advantages in the way of education and social culture were those 
common to farm life of those primitive years. He came to Indiana in October, 
1861, locating on 160 acres of land purchased by him. Upon this he began 
the labor of cultivating the forty acres already under improvement and extend- 
ing the clearing. He now has 180 acres, with 120 under cultivation, the 
whole, with the improvements, constituting a most desirable property and a 
pleasant home. Mr. Wolf was the eldest of a family of ten children, whose 
parents were Daniel and Roseanna (Kershuer) Wolf, of German descent. He 
was married to Susan Kindel October 25, 1846. They had four children — 
Cleanthus (deceased), Casper and Florence (twins), and William Calvin. Dur- 
ing the late war, in October, 1864, he was drafted and became a member of 
Company B, Thirteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which organization 
he served until his discharge in August, 1865. He is a stanch Republican and 
a member of the Christian Church, of which organization he is a Trustee. As 
a Christian gentleman and neighbor, he stands above reproach. 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 457 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 



WILLIAM ABURN was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, June 25, 
1825. All his education was received before the age of ten years, his mother hav- 
ing died when he was of that age. He bound himself to a farmer when he was 
twelve years old, to serve till he was eighteen. His father was killed about a 
year after his mother died, while assisting in hanging a slaughtered beef. Mr. 
Aburn served out the time for which he had bound himself, for which he never 
received compensation. After that he worked by the month and day until he 
reached the age of twenty-five, when he married Miss Catharine Arnett, of 
Miami County, Ohio. Seven children have been born to them, the eldest being 
dead. He moved into this county in August, 1860. Empty handed, but by 
industry and good management, he has succeeded in placing himself and family 
in a fine brick house, with first-class surroundings. He owns 240 acres of ex- 
cellent land. Four years after he had settled in the woods, he was drafted into 
the army, and paid $1,000 for a substitute, rather than leave his family with- 
out his protection. He says God seemed to favor him, and he never in his life 
paid a debt more easily. 

JOHN S. BARTLEY was born in Sparta Township, Noble County, Ind., 
March 25, 1841, and with the exception of four years passed in Wells County, 
Ind., he has made this county his home. He enlisted in the Thirtieth Indiana 
Volunteer Infantry February 4, 1862, and took part in the battle of Shiloh 
and siege of Corinth. His regiment was guarding a train during the battle of 
Perryville, Ky., and had about as warm a time of it as any of them. He was 
discharged from No. 14 Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., March 15, 1863, having 
been rendered unfit for service from an attack of measles. Mr. Bartley was 
married to Miss Sophia Richmond August 9, 1864. His father and grand- 
father were natives of the State of New York ; his wife's folks are from Penn- 
sylvania. Mr. Bartley has commenced work on a barn, a fine improvement. 

SIMON BENHOWER was born in Harrisburg, Penn., October 10, 1841. 
He remained there until the age of twenty-three years ; he had the advantages 
of a limited common-school education. He lived one year in Clark County. 
Ohio ; from there he went to Indianapolis, and thence to Roanoke, and came 
to this county about the year 1868. In 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred 
and Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served with them nine 
months. He served most of his enlistment in North Carolina, being present 
at the great battle of Gettysburg, but his regiment was not ordered in. He 
received his muster out at Chambersburg in 1863. In 1871, he married Miss 
Rosa Fisher, with whom he now lives. They have a family of four children. 

JOSEPH BITTING was born in Union County, Penn., May 26, 1837. 
Catharine (Butterbaugh) Bitting was horn in Montgomery County, Ohio, 
December 17, 1833. Mr. Bitting came into this county in 1861, and settled 
on the farm where he now resides, one mile southwest of Noblesville, on the 
Columbia City road. His father, Henry Bitting, was a native of Pennsyl- 
vania, born June 9, 1800. His mother was born April 18, 1807. He was 
married in Miami County, Ohio, June 26, 1859. Four children are living, 
two boys and two girls. Mr. Bitting served as a soldier in the late war, first 
in the Thirtv-second Indiana Volunteers, but afterward transferred to the Sev- 



458 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

erity-ninth Infantry. He served principally in North Carolina. Virginia and 
Louisiana, and received his discharge at Indianapolis May 17, 1865. After 
his discharge, he returned to civil life, resumed his farming, and has been suc- 
cessful. He cleared up the farm where he now lives, and has put it in a good 
state of cultivation. 

ALPHEUS I. BUTLER was born in Ross County, Ohio, January 13, 
1829. His father was born in Culpeper County, Va., August 19, 1795, and 
married Miss Sarah Seelock in Loudoun County, Va., February 28, 1820. They 
resided in Virginia till 1822, when they moved to Ross County, Ohio. They 
lived there eight years : then came to Indiana, stopping at Fort Wayne till Feb- 
ruary, 1831. They then moved to Elkhart County, and settled on the Elk- 
hart River, near Benton. Mother Butler was born in Loudoun County, Va., 
May 11, 1803, and died March 1, 1880. The subject of this sketch attained 
to manhood in Elkhart County. September 13, 1860, he was joined in wed- 
lock to Miss Laura Jane Childs. Three children have been born to them, only 
one of whom, the eldest, Luella Blanche, is now living ; she was married to A. 
J. Yallinger September 15, 1876. Lizzie May, the next oldest, died Septem- 
ber 10, 1880, of blood cancer in one of her limbs. These two girls were pos- 
sessed of considerable musical talent. Mr. Butler is a successful farmer and 
stock-raiser. His farm is situated on the Fort Wayne & Goshen road, about 
one mile northwest of Wolf Lake. His health for the last twenty years has 
not been good, yet he manages his farm, oversees the work, and makes a success 
of it. 

PATRICK CLARK was born on the Isle of Man. His baptism dates 
January 1, 1820. His parents emigrated to Cuyahoga County, Ohio, when 
he was but ten years of age, and settled near the city of Cleveland, in War- 
rensville Township. He received but a common-school education, but he has 
raised a family of well-educated children, two of whom are teachers, and rank 
high in the profession — Anna having taught twelve years and Catharine eight 
years. Mr. Clark was married to a young lady — Elizabeth Clark — in 1829. 
Her parents also lived on the Isle of Man. Mr. Clark moved to where he 
now resides, near Wolf Lake, in March, 1866. He owns a fine farm, and has 
erected thereon an elegant brick residence, which commands a splendid view of 
the adjacent country. Mr. Clark enjoys a competency, and is living at peace 
with all the world and with God. He has an attractive family, and the young 
people of the ' neighborhood collect there to enjoy themselves. Everything 
about the premises seems to be well ordered. The family of children consists 
of Caroline, Anna, Catharine, Celia and Henry. The eldest is married to Ed- 
gar Sparrow, and the second one to Leroy Surfus. 

THOMAS R. DAVIS was born in Clark County, Ohio, January 28, 
1844, and the same year his father came to Indiana and settled where Thomas 
now lives, at which time there was not a house between his and Wolf Lake. 
The father died in July, 1878. His mother is still living. His Grandfather 
Davis died in Clark County, Ohio, in 1847. His grandfather, Thomas Rich- 
ardson, died in 1852. His great-grandfather, William Richardson, died 
in Paulding County, Ohio, at the age of one hundred and si.x ; he had been a 
soldier of the Revolution, and was with Gen. Wayne in his campaign against 
the Indians. Wayne's mother and his mother were cousins. Mr. Davis en- 
listed in the Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry in July, 1862, and 
■while on the march in Kentucky, October 7, 1862, he was sun-struck. On 
the 9th, having suflBciently recovered, he rejoined his regiment, and at the 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 459 

commencement of the battle of Stone River, December 31, he was captured 
and marched to Chattanooga, being three days without food, and then only re 
ceiving a pint of corn-meal with the cob ground in it. He was then sent to 
Atlanta, to Montgomery, Ala., and then back to Atlanta. Having an attack of 
typhoid pneumonia, he was dumped ofi" on a platform to die, but was picked up 
and taken to a hospital. Finding a friend, he was kindly treated and recovered. 
He there witnessed a sale of slaves. From here he was taken to Petersburg 
in freight cars, being confined in them eight days without food, on account 
of drunkenness of the officer in charge. He was in Libby Prison one month and 
ten days, when he was paroled by answering to another man's name, who had 
probably died the night before. When Mr. Davis had recovered sufficiently to 
walk about, he weighed eighty-three pounds. He was sent to Columbus, Ohio, 
and from there reached his home on foot. He was exchanged in May, 1863, 
joined his regiment at Murfreesboro, Tenn., participating in the campaign 
against Tullahoma, in the battle of Chickamauga, and was in Chattanooga 
during the siege and battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. 
He was soon after assigned to the Veteran Reserve corps, and sent to Wash- 
ington and Baltimore, and finally to Harrisburg, Penn., on detached duty 
with the disbursing officers. July 8, 1865, he was discharged. Mr. Davis 
was married to Miss Margaret M. Houser, March 20, 1866. 

DR. E. W. DE PEW is a native of this State, born October 30, 1837. 
He studied medicine with Prof. William H. Myers, of Fort Wayne ; he also 
studied in the State Unversity, at Ann Arbor, Mich., and at Liber College, 
Jay County, Ind. He commenced to practice at Avilla, where he remained 
two years. He practiced two years in Salem, Steuben County, and came to Wolf 
Lake in January, 1865. He stands at the head of the profession in the vicin- 
ity of his practice, which is very extensive in the southern part of the county. 

GEORGE DODSWORTH is a successful farmer and stock-raiser, and 
is a native of Yorkshire, England, born June 21, 1827. He landed at New 
York City in April, 1850 ; moved into this State in 1852, and settled near 
Wolf Lake. His farm is on the Cold Spring road, not quite a mile from Wolf 
Lake. During the war, George Dodsworth was known as the soldiers' friend, 
and to this day they cannot say too much in his praise. His health at that 
time was so poor that he could not enlist, but he gave substantial aid and 
encouragement throughout to the cause of the Union. He is owner of 180 
acres of good land, on which are a substantial brick dwelling, good barns and 
grain houses. He was married April 17, 1851. Mrs. Dodsworth is a splendid 
housekeeper, and contributes her share to the welfare of their home. 

SCOTT GALLOWAY was born in Washington Township, Noble County, 
March 16, 1849. Joseph Galloway, his father, was born in Ohio, and his 
grandfather was born in Ireland. Mrs. Frances Galloway, his mother, was 
born in Vermont. His father and mother were married in Stark County, 
Ohio, and moved to near Wolf Lake when there were but two log houses 
between where they lived and Fort Wayne, and but one house in Wolf Lake. 
Schools were scarce, and Mr. Galloway received but a slight education, but in 
his own language he tries to '' live and learn," and we find him an intelligent and 
affable gentleman. Onthe 2d day of May, 1869, he married Miss Rebecca Cramer. 
They have one boy and two girls living. He moved into the woods where he now 
lives, and has cleared about 105 acres. He has altogether about 130 acres of 
cleared land, and seventy-eight acres of wood and prairie. He is well fixed, 
and purposes taking life at a better advantage and enjoy the fruits of his labor. 



460 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 

Last year he raised over one thousand bushels of wheat and two thousand 
bushels of corn, with other crops in proportion. 

JOHN HANEY was born near Cincinnati, Ohio, February 3, 1814. He 
lived in Miami County, Ohio, till the year 1847, when he came to this county 
and bought the land on which he now lives, one and a half miles west of No- 
blesville. Mr. Haney has been twice married. His first wife. Mary Ann 
(Dye) Haney, he married April 10, 1838. She died March 31, 1858. Sep- 
tember 13, 1860, he was married to Eliza Applegate, whose maiden name was 
Eliza Dye, and who was born in Richland County, Ohio, December 3, 1825. 
By his first marriage Mr. Haney has the following children living — Henry, 
Lloyd, George, Sarah and Mary Ann. By his second marriage he has the fol- 
lowing now living — Irvin, Laura, Anorah and Everett. Mr. Haney's father 
was a native of Germany. His son, Thomas Haney, was a professor of pen- 
manship, and while attending high school at Logansport, Ind., had charge of 
the penmanship department of the schools. He took cold during a vacation, 
and died March 28. 1867, unmarried. The following children are dead — Me- 
lissa (died November 23, 1860), David (September 8, 1862), and Stockton 
(November 12, 1862). Stockton went into the army with the Eighty-eighth 
Indiana Volunteers, and died at Jeffersonville, Ind. James M. died July 22, 
1872. Mr. Haney has worked hard for his possessions, but his working days 
are past, and he is now able to live at his ease. 

SAMUEL JONES came to the county with his father in 1833. He was 
born in Clark County, Ohio, November 11, 1827. His father, Samuel Jones. 
Sr., was born May 30, 1787, and was married to Miss Mary Britten, of Ten- 
nessee, January 26, 1809. She was born February 10, 1790. The former 
died in 1838, and Mother Jones in 1829. Their family consisted of Margaret, 
born in 1810 ; Lydia, 1811 ; Mary, 1813 ; Elias, 1820 ; and Narcissa, 1823. 
Samuel Jones, Jr., was married to Miss Nancy Powers, December 18, 1848. 
She was born in Goshen, Ind., September 25, 1830. One daughter, Harriet 
Fidelia, was born to them March 5, 1850, and died March 16, 1851. The 
mother died of puerperal fever, when the child was but three weeks old. De- 
cember 7, 1851, Mr. Jones married Hannah Whittecar. To them were born 
Olive, February 2, 1853 ; Elias, April 27, 1854 ; Lydia, December 27, 1857 ; 
Laura Ann, April 26, 1863 ; and Nancy. February 26, 1866. Olive VV. died 
September 29, 1854; Laura A., August 17, 1864 ; Lydia Alice, December 15. 
1865 ; and Nancy, June 6, 1875. Mr. Jones has but two sisters living. His 
first schooling was at a private residence at Wolf Lake, by one Miss Stevens. 
With the exception of one year, since he came to the State, he has passed his 
days within its borders. The only son of Mr. Jones, Elias S., is at this time 
Professor of Penmanship of the Normal School at Columbia City, Ind. He 
has been selected to take charge of the penmanship branch of the select school 
at South Whitley, Ind. He is a teacher by profession, and has taught in No- 
ble, Elkhart, and Kosciusko Counties. 

JOHN P. KITT was born in Clark County, Ohio, August 14, 1825, and 
spent his boyhood on a farm until the age of eighteen years. He then served three 
years' apprenticeship at the blacksmith trade in Springfield, after which, he 
resumed farming. In consequence of poor health, he has spent a portion of his 
time teaching school — one term in Springfield, Ohio, and one in this township. 
He was married to Elizabeth Hively January 6, 1853. They have had ten 
children, seven of whom are living. He arrived at Wolf Lake with his father's 
family October 22, 1846. In January following, his father purchased a farm 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 461 

in Section 23, on which he (J. P.) now resides. He has been a successful man, 
and is comfortably situated. His father died at the age of eighty-four, and his 
mother at sixty-four years. The subject of our sketch and his brother Nicho- 
las are all that are left of his father's family. He is a member of the Christian 
Church. He embraced religion at the age of twenty, and joined the Methodist 
Episcopal Church at Springfield, Ohio, and has never been intoxicated, nor 
uttered a blasphemous oath during his life. 

WILLIAM KNEPPER was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, March 
1, 1824. Lived in Richland County, Ohio, till about the age of twenty-three. 
He was married to Miss Susannah Formwalt, in Galion, Ohio, in 1851. She 
died in November, 1862. Four girls, all living, were born from this marriage. 
In 1863, he married Miss Mary Billraan, who only lived about two years. He 
has one child by this marriage. Having a family of small children, he was 
prompted for their good to marry again. In 1865, he married Mary North, 
who has borne him four children, all now living. Mr. Knepper came to this 
county in 1854, and worked at carpentering in Albion about two years. He 
then moved on the line of the Air Line Railroad, bought the first lot sold in 
Wawaka, and built the first three or four houses there. He remained in the 
village about two years, then bought land adjacent, and cleared up a farm. In 
the spring of 1879, he moved to where he now lives, in Section 35, southwest 
of Noblesville, on the Columbia City road. He has been successful in life, and 
has his property clear of incumbrance. 

SAMUEL KUHNS was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, July 12, 1818. 
His parents moved to Fairfield County during the latter part of the same 
year, where he passed his boyhood, and received his schooling, which was lim- 
ited to a terra of three months. At the age of twenty -one, he came into Whit- 
ley County, Ind.. and settled near the north line, in Thorn Creek Township. 
He learned the trade of blacksmith in Ohio, and about two years after he 
came to Indiana he started a shop and commenced work. This was quite an 
advantage to him, as it brought in ready cash. He married Miss Martha Ann 
James, daughter of John and Margaret James, of York Township, October 6, 
1850. Mrs. Kuhns died on the last day of March, 1876, after a lingering illness 
of about four years. He has raised a family of three children, with one of whom 
he now lives on the homestead, Mr. Kuhns still retaining his physical and men- 
tal vigor, notwithstanding the vast amount of hard labor he has performed. 

JOHN MAYFIELD (deceased) was one of the early settlers, having 
come to the county in 1839. He was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., 
July 12, 1809. Rheuama, his wife, was born in Ohio, January 14, 1815. 
John Mayfield came into Ohio with his parents in the year 1815, and was mar- 
ried December 23, 1832. His family numbered eighteen children, six of whom 
are living. Jonah E., the eldest, now living on his farm, southeast of 
Wolf Lake, was born February 17, 1834. James B., the youngest, was born 
February 2, 1857. The names of the other living children are Sarah, Rob- 
ert, Mary Jane and Juliette. Robert owns a farm south of Wolf Lake. He 
is infirm, and has taught school a portion of his time. He and Jonah E., 
his brother, took great pains to show the writer of this sketch the great 
changes that have taken place in the vicinity of their homes since they were 
boys. One place where they once hauled marsh hay on a sled is now grown 
over with oak trees sixty feet high and at least sixteen inches in diameter. At 
the time they hauled the hay there was not a stick of timber there large enough 
for an ox-gad. Jonah E. Mayfield was married to Matilda Grimes, April 26, 



462 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

1863. He has four children living, and owns 265 acres of land. Mother 
Mayfield is living on the farm near the place where their first log cabin was 
erected in February, 1839. She knows something of life here in early 
times, having undergone many hardships; yet she is in the enjoyment of good 
health. When they first settled in this county they had to go to Niles, Mich., 
for salt, and have paid for one barrel two spring calves and eight bushels of 
wheat. Milch cows, good ones for those days, sold at $8, and dressed pork 
brought in market $1.25 per hundred. 

ABRAHAM OTT was born in Preble County, Ohio, January 6, 1816. 
His father, John Ott, was a soldier in the war of 1812. His brother, Frederick 
Ott. having been drafted, he volunteered to go as his substitute, and served out 
his brother's time ; was then himself drafted and served another term, or until 
the close of the war. The subject of this sketch was married to Miss Sarah 
Morgan November 29, 1888. She was born in England, Sussex County, 
July 10, 1818. She came with her parents to America in her infancy, and 
grew up to maturity near the city of Cincinnati, Ohio. Her father, Mr. 
Morgan, emigrated to Oregon Territory in the year 1843. He afterward died 
there, at the age of eighty-four years. Her mother had previously died near 
Cincinnati, Ohio, about the year 1825. Mr. Ott and his family suffered much 
from sickness after coming to this county. For six years some one or more of 
the family were down sick. At one time, on a very dark, stormy night, in 
order to get a person to go for a doctor, she had to follow a wagon track that 
led past a neighbor's house, by getting on her knees and feeling for it. There 
were no roads ; only tracks cleared out through the woods, by cutting away a 
part of the underbrush. Such, and many other similar hardships were experi- 
enced. Mr. and Mrs. Ott are members of the Christian Church. In politics 
Mr. Ott is a Republican. He has a fine farm and pleasant surroundings, one 
mile and a half west of Noblesville. 

ANTHONY PINCHON was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, January 
11, 1831. He came to this State in 1845, and settled in De Kalb County; 
moved into Noble County in 1865 ; remained in the vicinity of Wawaka till 
1879, when he came to his present farm. June 10, 1865, he married Miss 
Mary Ann Deckman, of Steuben County, born in Philadelphia, Penn. Mr. 
Pinchon's father was a Marylander, born in 1802 and died in 1873. His 
mother yet survives. His family consists of nine children living. He was not 
himself a soldier in the late war, but sent a substitute at a cost of $800. He 
has, like many of the early settlers, done a great amount of hard labor in his 
time. He helped his father clear up three farms from the wild, and has cleared 
one for himself. He claims that in twelve years he cleared 400 acres of heavy 
timbered land. For a part he received $1.12, for some $2.50 and $5.00. He 
has been in the grain threshing business the last twenty-four years. Mr. 
Pinchon's farm is situated three and a half miles south of Wolf Lake, and is 
good land. He is just becoming situated to enjoy life. 

ELI RIVIR was born in Bedford County, Penn., April 12. 1845. He 
came to this county with his parents when but a child. He was married to 
Miss Juliann Hosier, March 25, 1866. Miss Hosier was born in Morrow 
County, Ohio, August 9, 1843. They now have five children living. Mr. 
Rivir moved to where he now lives soon after his marriage. He has now one 
of the finest farms in Noble Township, consisting of 202 acres of excellent land, 
two miles north of Noblesville. Everything about the farm indicates thrift and 
good management. He enlisted as a soldier in the late war, but his release was 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 463 

secured by his father on account of under age. Mr. and Mrs. Rivir are mem- 
bers of the Christian Church. In politics he is a Republican. 

JOHN RIVIR was born on New Year's Day of 1809, in Bedford County, 
Penn. His wife, Nancy (Stoner) Rivir, was born October 26, 1810, in Lan- 
caster, Penn. Mr. Rivir came to this county in 1845, when he had but ^18, 
with a large family to support. He put in a crop of corn the next spring ; the 
next fall, while engaged in putting in wheat, he was taken sick and confined to 
his bed six months. At one time the entire family, excepting Mrs. Rivir and 
one boy, were down sick, but they were assisted by the neighbors through the 
winter. In 1855, Mr. Rivir bought eighty acres of land in Green Township. 
He commenced there in the timber ; his family were again taken sick. While 
rolling together the logs for a clearing, he was so weak he could not walk ; but 
to assist the boys, he would ride a horse, and the boys would hitch to the logs 
and do the other necessary work. In 1861, he sold his farm with a purpose to 
emigrate to Kansas, or Missouri, but the war coming on he changed his plans, 
and bought the land where he now lives. In 1861, on the day that his son 
Christian Rivir was married, he met with an accident tliat has rendered him 
unable to work. While at the mill at Port Mitchell, he was thrown out of the 
wagon, and received injuries which came near resulting fatally. Mr. Rivir lost 
three sons in the army — John, Jacob and David. John was starved in Libby 
Prison. The fourth son enlisted, but was under age and released. Mr. Rivir is 
a Republican, and a leading member of the Christian Church. 

MARCELLUS ROBINSON was born in Elkhart County, Ind., October 
16, 1852. Studied for the profession of medicine, first with his father, and 
afterward with Dr. John Phosdick, Dowagiac, Mich. He commenced practice 
at Bangor, Van Buren County, Mich. He established himself at Wolf Lake, 
Ind., April, 1880, since which time he has built up quite an extensive and suc- 
cessful business in his profession. He was married to Miss Mary McClarren 
in May, 1879. She was born in South Bend, Ind. The elder Dr. Robinson 
has been a successful practitioner in Elkhart County for thirty years. 

LUCRETIA STARKEY, whose maiden name was Mullin, was born in 
Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1814, and grew to maturity in Licking County. 
She was married to Frederick E. Starkey August 6, 1837. Tliey lived hap- 
pily till the 16th day of August, 1864, when he died, leaving three children 
at home, all large enough to be of assistance. She has managed the affairs of 
the estate, and has overseen the farm so judiciously that the settlement of the 
afiairs was left to her, and not taken into court. She came into this county 
with her husband in the year 1839, and has made this her home ever since. 
Thev had nothing when they started here, but she now has a pleasant home on 
the Leesburg road, two miles west of Wolf Lake. She has been a member of 
the Methodist Episcopal Church for more than forty-five years. In Mr. 
Starkey's log cabin, the Methodists held their first meetings in this township, 
and the first Mechodist Episcopal Church was organized there. Although past 
sixty-seven years of age, Mrs. Starkey has but few gray hairs, and gives fair 
promise of a continuation of life for several years. 

JAMES C. STEWART, an active farmer and stock-raiser, residing one 
and one-half miles east of Wolf Lake, on the Fort Wayne & Goshen road, is 
the son of Rolan and Nancy (Scarlett) Stewart, who were natives of Massa- 
chusetts, but were married in Clark County, Ohio, from whence they went to 
Chautauqua County, N. Y., where James C. was born January 17, 1829. When 
he was about six months old, they returned to Clark County, farming there 



464 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

until 1836, then removed to this county, settling in Green Township. Upon 
this journey young James, then only in his eighth year, walked the whole dis- 
tance, and assisted in driving the stock. The following year the father died. 
Mrs. Stewart, being left with the care of the family, moved to Noble Township, 
where she died in 1844, leaving four children, two having previously died. 
James C, after his father's death, went to live with his grandparents, Newman 
and Tamar (Fitz) Scarlett, on the farm where he now lives, thev having settled 
here in 1836. In 1838, his grandfather died, but he continued to live with his 
grandmother until his marriage with Miss Margaret J. McWilliams in May, 
1852, when they went to housekeeping on his present farm. At the death of 
his grandmother, he inherited from her sixty five acres of land. To this, by 
close application to his aifairs and judicious management, seconded by his wife 
in her economical conduct of the household duties, Mr. Stewart has added, until 
he owns 460 acres, 200 of which are under good cultivation. Upon this farm 
he has a fine brick residence and other buildings of a needful character. Mr. 
Stewart is the true type of a self-made man and a valuable citizen. He ha» 
served as Constable, Assessor, and as Justice of the Peace for fifteen years. In 
1865, a vacancy occurred in the office of Commissioner; Mr. Stewart was 
appointed to fill the vacancy ; at the ensuing election he was elected to the office, 
but resigned the following spring. During his continuance in this position, a 
3 per cent tax was levied to pay off the indebtedness of the county accruing 
during the war, for the payment of bounties and the maintenance of soldiers' 
families. This levy was warmly espoused by Mr. Stewart. In 1870, he was 
elected County Auditor, and re-elected in 1874, serving in all eight years. 
During the last two years of his office he maintained a telephone, connecting 
with his residence on his farm, thus enabling him to communicate with his 
family and direct the management of the farm. Its cost of erection was $200, 
and is still open to use. This enterprise denotes the spirit of the man, stamp- 
ing him as self-reliant and aggressive in business, as well as being a representa- 
tive in public affairs. Hs is a member of the Masonic order. Mr. and Mrs. 
Stewart have two children living — Virgil A. and Mary J. 

PETER SURFUS is a native of this State. Born near the city of 
La Fayette in 1836. His parents moved into De Kalb County the following 
January. He has lived in this township fifteen years. He moved to the State 
of Iowa in 1856, where he stayed three and a half years, then returned to 
this State, where he has since been content to remain. He now lives on a farm 
of 120 acres, three-fourths of a mile north of Wolf Lake. Mr. Surfus has 
made grain threshing his business a portion of the time every year for twenty- 
seven years. On the last day of August, 1856, he married Miss Lorinda Bo- 
dine, whose parents were originally from Pennsylvania, but moved into Ohio at 
an early day. Her mother is now living in this State in the seventy-seventh 
year of her age. Mr. Surfus descends from a very hardy ancestry, noted for 
their longevity. The following are the names of their children : Eventus 
Leroy, William D., Alice Jane, Myrta Matilda. Two children are dead. 
Eventus and Alice are married. Alice married George H. Herrick. The 
grandfather of Mr. Surfus, on his father's side, was a soldier of the Revolution, 
and was with Gen. Wayne on his campaign against the Indians in Ohio and 
Indiana. 

WILLIAM S. THOMAS was born in Hancock County, Ohio, Novem- 
ber 18, 1841. Spent most of his boyhood in Allen County, Ind. He has a 
common-school education, and he and Mrs. Thomas were both teachers before 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. ' 465 

their marriage. Mrs. Thomas' maiden name was Lavantia W. Cook. They 
were married March 19. 1871, and came to where they now live soon after. 
Mr. Thomas owns a nice little farm of eighty acres with good buildings and 
pleasant surroundings. He has but one child, a boy. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas 
have accumulated what thev possess since they started together in life. 

FRANCIS M. WEIRICH was born in Richland County, Ohio, April 
29, 1853. His father's family emigrated to this county in the fall of 1854, 
and settled in Green Township. His father, Franklin Weirich, was suffocated 
by "damps" while digging a well for George Shambaugh, assisted by William 
Applegate. He sacrificed his own life in an attempt to save that of Apple- 
gate. Applegate first went into the well and was overcome by the gas. Mr. 
Weirich went to his assistance, but soon made signs to be hoisted out. As he 
neared the top, he was entirely overcome and dropped back into the well. Both 
men were dead when taken out. Coffins were ordered from Wolf Lake, but on 
account of high waters they could not be brought over. The two men were 
buried in rough boxes improvised for the occasion. The widow Weirich mar- 
ried again to William McDonald in 1857. Francis M. stayed with them and 
worked on the farm until the age of twenty-one. In January, 1875, he 
engaged in the mercantile business at Noblesville, and remained in that business 
up to 1881. He was married to Catharine H. Hosier December 31, 1876. 
Venus Minelva and Orestes Fairrel are the names of their children. Mr. 
Weirich was elected Justice of the Peace in 1878, and still holds the office, to 
the general satisfaction of the public. 

REV. PETER WINEBRENNER, of the Christian Church, near No- 
blesville, Ind., was born in Liberty, Montgomery Co., Ohio, October 6, 1826, 
and moved into this county in the year 1837. He received a common-school 
education, and special tutorage from David Sanford, and from Jonathan Elliott. 
Elder Winebrenner is a self-educated man, having acquired his learning by 
close application and hard study. He taught until he entered the ministry in 

1857. He has mastered the German and Greek languages, and partially mas- 
tered the Latin. By invitation, he has preached in the cities of Philadelphia 
and Brooklyn, also in Canada. He spoke at the dedication of the School of 
the Prophets, an institution for the education of ministers at Stanfordville, 
N. Y.; he also preached at the quadrennial conference at Oshawa, Canada 
West, in 1869. He held a discussion with an Advent preacher by the name of 
Comstock, at Nelson, Cloud Co., Kan., in 1879. The result was the estab-' 
lishing of a Christian Church at that place. Subjects of discussion, " Re- 
solved, that the Kingdom of heaven is set up on earth." Affirmed by Wine- 
brenner. "Resolved, that the Scriptures teach that the soul of man is uncon- 
scious after death." Affirmed by Comstock. He visited Iowa to discuss in 
connection with Elder Abbott, but his opponents abandoned the field, and no 
discussion was held. He was married to Miss Mary Kitt January 21, 1849 ; 
two children were born to them. The wife died January 27, 1858. He was 
married to his present wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Weade, in October, 

1858. Three children from this marriage living at home. Besides the church 
here, he has had the following charges : Clear Creek, Huntington Countj' ; 
Murray Church, Wells County ; Union Church, Whitley County ; Ariros 
Church, Marshall County, and he has preached to three churclies besides his 
own in this county. The fine new church building just completed was dedi- 
cated August 21, l881. Mr. W. has been Secretary of the Conference since 
1869. 



466 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

DAVID S. WINEBRENNER was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, 
January 10, 1834. He came with his parents to this State when he was but a 
child. His education was very limited. He was married to Miss Juliann Ott 
March 31, 1869. She was born January 10, 1841. Their family consists of 
Edward, Alice and Mary. Mr. and Mrs. Winebrenner are members of the 
Christian Church near Merriam, in the faith of which they purpose to live out 
their allotted time, and sincerely recommend to their children that they follow 
the example of their parents in this particular. Their farm consists of one 
hundred and twenty acres in good cultivation, about two miles southwest of 
Noblesville. 

JAMES WINEBRENNER is a native of Pennsylvania, born near Harris- 
burg, June 4, 1845. His father emigrated to Noble County in 1847, and 
settled near Noblesville. His schooling has been very limited. He was ap- 
prenticed to the blacksmith trade in 1867, and follows that business at this 
writing. He is the foremost smith in the township, and his shop is a model of 
order and neatness. He was married to Miss Jane Gouts in 1866. Mr. Wine- 
brenner enlisted in the Twelfth Indiana Volunteer Infantry in 1863, and served 
during the rest of the war. He was in the Atlanta campaign, and participated 
in the battle of Resaca and several severe skirmishes. As a forager he was a 
success, as Gen. Logan can testify. He foraged for the General's head- 
quarters eight months. At one time, on the last campaign of Sherman, he barely 
escaped capture, having run onto a party of " Johnnys " as they were about to 
take dinner. He was with Sherman's army in the celebrated march to the sea. 
at the capture of Savannah, and present at Gen. Johnston's capitulation ; also 
witnessed the burning of Columbia, S. C. and was at the grand review in 
Washington. He had an army experience of which to-day he is not ashamed. 

CARLOS R. WILEY is a native of Vermont, born in Rochester, 
Windsor County. One of his grandfathers was from Ireland, and the grand- 
mother from Scotland. When he was but one year old, his father moved into 
Huron County, Ohio, near Norwalk. In March, 1837, they moved into Noble 
County and settled in Washington Township. He was raised on a farm until 
the age of twenty-one. His education was limited to the common school of 
that period. He was married to Rosena Barnhart in 1858. His family con- 
sists of Charles E., Fanny A. and Nancy, living. He engaged in the mercan- 
tile business at Wolf Lake in 1866 ; has been successful and continues in the 
business at this writing. In war time — 1864 — he stood the draft like a man. 
He is one of Noble County's stanch business men. 

LEVI ZUMBRUN was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, October 7, 
1840. His parents moved to the State of Indiana when he was but thirteen 
years of age. They settled in Thorn Creek Township, Whitley County. At 
the call for one-hundred-day men, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty- 
ninth Infantry, Company " K;" was discharged September 29 following. Again, 
at the call for one-year men, he enlisted in Company "■ G," One Hundred and 
Forty-second Indiana Volunteers. He served out his enlistment at Nashville, 
Tenn., and witnessed the battle of Nashville and the defeat of Hood's army. 
He was discharged July 14, 1865. After his discharge, he returned to civil 
pursuits and has been a successful farmer. He owns a farm in the southern 
part of Noble Township, which is in a high state of cultivation, and is being 
further improved by a system of underdraining, which he has carried well on 
to completion. October 30, 1870, he married Miss Hannah Huff. She was 
born April 2, 1850, in Elkhart Township, this county. Her parents came 



NOBLE TOWNSHIP. 467 

from Ohio. She is quite a reader. Her library is stocked with works of travel, 
biography, history and fiction, Webster's Unabridged being conspicious amongst 
the others. Matters within and about the house wear a pleasing appearance of 
refinement and culture. 



YORK TOWNSHIP. 

JACOB BEARD was born in Columbiana, afterward Mahoning County, 
Ohio. His father, Christopher H. Beard, was born in Wittenberg, Germany, 
October 1, 1779. He came to America in 1817, lived in Pennsylvania two 
years, then went to Columbiana County, Ohio, and located. He died there 
November 20, 1862. His mother, Christina Beard, was born in Wittenberg, 
Germany, August 20, 1786. She died in Mahoning County, Ohio, May 4, 
1860. Jacob Beard was married to Miss Nancy Elser in Mahoning County, 
Ohio, April 4, 1858. She was born August 4, 1834. The following are their 
children: Samuel Monroe, born September 17, 1859; Alfin Elisha, born Jan- 
uary 19, 1861 ; Wilson Henry, born September 22, 1863 ; all in Mahoning 
County, Ohio. Alfin Elisha died September 29, 1862. Mr. Beard moved to 
this county May 5, 1865, and located on the farm where he now resides, about 
three miles south of Albion. He has a well-improved farm of 120 acres. 

JOHN E. BENDER was born in Chester County, Penn., March 4, 1815, 
where he resided till twenty-one years of age. He was born of poor parents. 
His mother died when he was four and his father when he was seven years of 
age. He was bound to Samuel McClintock to serve till seventeen years 
of age. He faithfully served out his time, and received a suit of ragged 
clothes for ten years of hard work, and received no schooling whatever. He 
then commenced work on a salary. In about a year, his employer failed, and 
John came out in debt. He hired again to other parties, and worked four 
years, receiving $8 a month. In March, 1836, he married Rachel Young, and 
soon after emigrated and settled at Massillon, Stark Co., Ohio. He lived here 
until the spring of 1868, then came to Noble County and bought land where 
he now resides, on Section 29, York Township, five miles from Albion. Mr. 
Bender has been four times married. His present wife was residing in the city 
of Atlanta, Ga., when it was taken by Gen. Sherman's army in 1864. Her 
maiden name was Evaline Wright. Mr. Bender is an honorable and upright 
man. What he possesses he came by honestly and no mortgage hangs over 
his estate. 

ELISHA BLACKMAN, son of Judge Elisha Blackman, was born in 
York Township, Noble County, October 29, 1838, and has since made that 
place his home. His father, Judge Elisha Blackman, was born near Wilkes- 
barre, Penn., August 1, 1801. His grandfatlier, Elisha Blackman, was born 
April 4, 1760, and his great-grandfather," Elisha Blackman, was born in 1717. 
The grandfather and great-grandfather were at the famous battle of Wyoming, 
Penn., July 3, 1778, and escaped the massacre. The great-grandfather died 
at Wilkesbarre in 1804. He married Lucy Powell. Grandfather Blackman 
married Anna Hulburt, and Father Elisha Blackman married Amy Rollin. 
He died February 29, 1872. Mother Blackman died May 15, 1860. Elisha 
Blackman, the subject of this sketch, married Miss Mary A. Spangle Decem- 
ber 1, 1859. The children are Clara C, Mary Alice and Elisha R., living, 
and Adella, Lillie and Weller dead. Mary A. Spangle was born March 21, 

Z7, 



468 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

1840. Her father, Jacob Spangle, died August 15, 1868. Her mother, Sarah 
Spangle, died in June, 1875. Judge Elisha Blackman was a pioneer of this 
county, having located in York Township in the year 1834. He was many 
years Justice of the Peace, and held the offices of Trustee and Township Clerk 
several terms. He was Associate Judge of Noble County on the bench with 
Judge Latta. 

SYLVESTER BLACKMAN is a native of York Township, Noble County, 
Ind., born October 6, 1842. His parents were among the first settlers of the 
county. He was reared to work on a farm, his education, of course, limited. 
He enlisted in the Twelfth Indiana Volunteer Infantry December 24, 1863. 
He joined his regiment at Scottsboro, Ala., in February, 1864; was with Sher- 
man's army in its famous march to the sea and through the Carolinas. He 
witnessed the burning of the city of Columbia, S. C, and drank some of Wade 
Hampton's old wine (but kept sober). He was with the army till the collapse 
of the rebellion, and in the grand review at Washington. He was mustered out 
at Indianapolis July 25, 1865 ; returned to civil life, and is now living on his 
farm. October 29. 1868, he married Miss Mary Jane Burns ; she was born in 
Michigan September 2, 1847. Iler father came from Ireland, and her mother 
from the State of New York. In politics, he is a Republican. 

JOHN BOWMAN was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, May 3, 1810; 
was a son of John J. Bowman. His grandfather was Philip Bowman, the son 
of David Bowman, who emigrated from Wittenberg, Germany, A. D. 1753. 
The mother of John Bowman was Charlotte Bowman, who died June 15, 1847, 
in the sixtieth year of her age. She was the daughter of Rev. John and Eliza- 
beth Stough. Elizabeth Stough was the daughter of Conrad Hogmire. John 
Bowman was reared on his father's farm until he arrived at the age of seven- 
teen years. He then served a three-years' apprenticeship at the tanning business 
with one Abraham Croft, in Canton, Ohio. He then returned to Columbiana 
County and started a tannery four miles west of New Lisbon. November 13, 
1831, he married Miss Mary Mason, who was born in Columbiana County, 
Ohio, December 29, 1812 ; she was the daughter of Charles Mason, son of Mar- 
tin and Elizabeth (Watt) Mason. The mother of Mary H. Bowman was Mary, 
daughter of Christopher and Catharine (Mong) Horn. The grandmother of John 
Bowman on his father's side was Catharine, daughter of Nicholas and Catharine, 
(Turner) Fast. John Bowman continued in the tanning business until 1838, when 
he sold out and turned westward. He moved in wagons and arrived in Noble 
County March 1, 1838. He located on the land where he now lives, which he 
commenced clearing. His family suffered much from sickness during the first year. 
The following is their family record : Jonas, born in Columbiana County, Ohio, 
October 7, 1832; Lycurgus, in Columbiana County, Ohio. February 19, 1836 ; 
Mary Olive, in this county January 23. 1841; Elizabeth, in this county September 
13,1846. All are now livinff and married. The father and mother, on the 13th of 
November, 1881, celebrated their golden wedding. The grandfatherof Mrs. Bow- 
man, Martin Mason, was many years a captive amongst the Indians. He was 
captured east of Fort Du Quesne abouj the time of Braddock's defeat. Mr and 
Mrs. Bowman are of ancestry who are noted for their longevity, ranging on both 
sides into the nineties. They have long been members of the Church of God. 
They live on the old homestead three miles southwest of Albion in Section 27. 
Mr. Bowman has a grove of fine bearing chestnut trees, which proves that that 
timber can be successfully cultivated in this soil. One tree that sprung from a 
seed that grew on a tree of his first planting is bearing bountifully. 



■ YORK TOWNSHIP. 469 

JONAS BOWMAN was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, October 7, 
1832 ; came to Noble County in 1838, since which time he has lived in York 
Township. His education was limited to the common school of the times. He 
married Miss Rachel M. Foot March 11, 1860, and commenced housekeep- 
ing on the farm where he now resides, about three miles north of Wolf Lake, 
on Section 29. Mrs. Bowman was born in Malone, Franklin Co., N. Y., May 23, 
1831. Jonas Bowman is a son of John Bowman, and belonged to the organiza- 
tion known as the Regulators, for the suppression of lawlessness and crime. 
During the war, he was a member of the Home Guards. Mr. Bowman may be 
said to be a very peaceable man. During his entire life, he has had neither a 
fight nor a law-suit. He is a member of the order of F. & A. M., and a 
Republican. 

JACOB A. BUTZ, deceased, was a native of Europe. He crossed the 
waters in 1860, and came to Indiana, locating in York Township, where he 
bought forty acres of land. This he afterward sold, and made another purchase of 
eighty acres, subsequently adding sixty acres more. In 1862, he married 
Elizabeth Brown, whose parents were natives of Pennsylvania ; her father, of 
Lancaster County, who came to Indiana in 1852, locating in this county, where 
he remained until his death. The mother's maiden name was Berkholder. Mr. 
and Mrs. Butz were both members of the Methodist Church. He died May 
28, 1878, leaving Mrs. Butz a widow, with three children — Eliza Jane, Ange- 
line and Etta. They are all living, at the present writing, on the home farm. 

GEORGE W. CONRAD is a native of Tennsylvania, born May 6, 
1835 ; his wife, Esther (Burns) Conrad, was born in Elkhart County, Ind., 
December 22, 1838. He passed his boyhood in Elkhart County, his 
father having come to this State in 1841. He was married December 28, 
1856. His father and mother were natives of Pennsylvania, the former born 
in the year 1793. At the age of eleven years, George W. was bound out to 
one David Rodibaugh. of Jackson Township, Elkhart County. He served four 
years of his time, and could not stand the ill treatment he received, and left 
him. Rodibaugh would not allow him to take even his ragged clothes with 
him. He worked summers, and went to school occasionally during the winters, 
until he arrived at the age of twenty. He then went to learn the blacksmith's 
trade at Waterford, Elkhart County. In partnership with John Burns, his father- 
in-law, he bought land in the woods. Here he lived twenty-four years, when 
he moved to where he now lives, about two miles northwest of Wolf Lake, on a 
farm of 310 acres, well improved, with good buildings. He is a Republican, 
and he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. 

DAVID DEPEW came to Allen County, Ind., with his parents, from 
Ohio (his native State) in 1837. Here and in De Kalb County his boyhood days 
were passed ; the county being new and but sparsely settled, his experiences 
were of a rugged nature. His mother's last days were spent in Allen County, 
where she died, and the father in De Kalb County. David purchased his first 
land in the latter county ; this he sold, and subsequently bought eighty acres 
of unimproved land in Noble County. Upon the latter he placed the improve- 
ments, doing nearly all the work himself This farm Mr. Depew sold, and, in 
1881, he purchased 160 acres, where he lives, on Section 4. It is improved 
land, well located for market facilities, with a fine brick residence and other 
buildings requisite for the demands. His wife, Olive (Cook) Depew, is a na- 
tive of Indiana. Her parents came from the State of New York (their place 
of nativity) to Ohio, and from there to Indiana, where they died. Six children 



470 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Depew, viz.: Hezekiah, Alson, Marv A. (since 
deceased). Edward, Isaiah and Samuel (deceased). Mr. Depew is one of those 
stirring, thoroughgoing men, whose presence is valuable to the community in 
which he lives. 

JAMES K. DINGMAN was born in Green Township, Noble County, Ind., 
August 13, 1847. His father, Adam Dingman, was born near Sydney, Shelby 
Co., Ohio ; he died in Noble County, Ind., in 1876 ; his mother, Mary Ding- 
man, died February 26, 1880 ; she was born in Ohio January 6, 1823. Adam 
and Mary Dingman were married January 31, 1840. They came to Allen 
County, Ind., in 18-32, and to Noble County in 1835. They experienced all 
the hardships of frontier life. They had nine children. James K. was reared 
on the farm. January 29, 1868. he was married to Miss Electa Altman, who 
was born in Holmes County, Ohio, February 24, 1852. Her father, John M. 
Altman, was born November 17, 1827 ; her mother, Elizabeth Ann Altman, 
was born August 30, 1834, near Baltimore, Md. Mr. Dingman is a pros- 
perous farmer, living three miles south of Albion in Section 26. 

PETER ELSER was born in Mahoning County, Ohio. March 25, 1828. 
He was one of ten children in the family of George and Mary (Raab) Elser, 
the former a farmer and native of York County, Penn., and the latter of Ohio. 
George Elser's parents were George and Catharine Elser, both natives of Penn- 
sylvania, and his father was a wheelwright. Peter Elser spent his boyhood in 
Ohio. In 1855, he came to Indiana, Huntington County, and thence to 
Noble County, where he purchased 130 acres of partially improved land, now 
wholly improved and cultivated. His father is still living, and is eighty-two 
years of age. The children, six of whom are living, are Catharine, Elizabeth, 
Nancy, Eli, Rebecca, Sophia; and those deceased, Henry, Sarah and Samuel. 
Our subject was married April, 1850, to Susan Coblence, of Ohio, who died in 
December. 1856, and Mr. Elser, in 1858, married Miss J. Whittaker, a native 
of Pennsylvania. Their children are Wilson (who resides in York Township), 
Marcus (who is in Montana Territory), Sarah A., Emma J., Mary E., George 
W. and Elmer, all living at home. Mr. Elser has served the public in numer- 
ous trustworthy offices. While in Huntington County, he was Assessor for 
one term and Trustee for the same period. In this county he has also rendered 
his services as Assessor, and served three years as Township Trustee. He is 
a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, and although a carpenter by trade, 
devotes the major part of his time to farming. 

JOHN C. FOOT is a native of Vermont, as were also his parents, and 
came with them to Ohio. They resided there a number of years, then came to 
Indiana, and in 1854 located on land, unimproved, in this county, York Town- 
ship, Section 15. The father, a miller by trade, was engaged with his son in 
clearing the land, which is now one of the best improved farms in the township. 
The fatiier died in Indiana, and the mother is living with the subject on his 
farm. Mr. Foot now owns 155 acres of land ; has a fine orchard, good build- 
ings, etc. He married Catharine S. Crispell, a native of New York, whose 
parents came to Indiana at an early day, where they died. They have had live 
children — Frank D., Lucy M., George L. and Sarah, all at home, and Angle, 
deceased. Mr. Foot is an enterprising farmer, and is now serving his second 
term as Township Trustee, to which office he was elected in 1877. 

HENRY FUNK was born in Wayne County, Ohio, November 18, 1823. 
His grandfather, Martin Funk, came to America from Prussia prior to the 
Revolution. His father, Samuel Funk, was born in Bedford County, Penn., 



YORK TOWNSHIP. 471 

in 1776 ; he was a soldier in the war of 1812. At the close of the war, he 
emigrated to Ohio, and located near Wooster. Henry came to Indiana in 1846. 
November 7, 1850, he married Delilah Huffman ; she died in 1866. They 
had two children — Clinton and Willard ; Clinton died March 4, 1865. Mr. 
Funk moved to where he now resides in August, 1864. February 7, 1867, 
he married Catharine Heckethorn. She was born in Wayne County, Ohio, in 
1836. Mr. Funk, while he lived in Whitley County, Ind., was Justice of the 
Peace eight years, commencing in 1855. He is now a highly esteemed citizen, 
living in partial retirement on his farm in Section 27. 

JOSEPH W. GESAMANN is a native of Stark County, Ohio; born 
July 30, 1835, where he was reared on a farm. He received sufficient school- 
ing to make him a competent teacher, and at the age of twenty-one began that 
calling, following it during the winter and farming summers. February 24, 
1861, he married Loetta Hershey, born in Stark County, Ohio, September 6, 
1848, and farmed the old homestead till the spring of 1863, when he came to 
this county, near Cromwell, in Sparta Township. During the summer, he 
erected a house on his own unimproved land in Section 16. York Township, 
where he moved in October. In the autumn of 1869. he moved back to Ohio, 
and worked in Russell's Separator Manufactory at Massillon one year, and 
then taught school through the winter ; worked in the shops the following sum- 
mer and taught school again in the winter. In the spring of 1872, he was 
chosen Superintendent of the Roach Institute in Massillon, remaining in charge 
five years. In the spring of 1877, he returned to his farm, where he now 
resides, having erected good buildings and made other improvements. Their 
children are three — Marvin H., born in Stark County, Ohio, November 13, 
1861 ; Elmus R., in this county June 3, 1863 ; and Frances, in Massillon, 
Ohio, April 16, 1870. Mr. Gesamann's grandfather was a Hollander, and 
came to America and located in Westmoreland County, Penn. Jacob Gesamann, 
the father of Joseph, was born in Pennsylvania September 5. 1801, and died 
in Stark County, Ohio, May 21. 1861. He was a farmer, but worked some at 
wagon-making. His wife, Barbara (Reichard), and mother of Joseph, was born 
January 12, 1804, and died in Stark County, Ohio, -July 3, 1847. Mr. Gesa- 
mann was elected Justice of the Peace in 1880, and now holds that office. He 
is a Republican, and he and wife are members of the United Presbyterian 
Church of Albion. 

HON. ORLANDO KIMMELL, a wealthy farmer and ex-Representa- 
tive, whose portrait, with others, graces the pages of this work, is, by a long 
line of ancestry, of Swedish descent, whose forefathers came to America during 
the early settlement of Delaware, and located on the Delaware River. His 
paternal grandparents, Joseph and Hannah (Weldie) Kimmell, were natives of 
Pennsylvania, and settled in Stark County, Ohio, in 1822; their son, Joseph 
Kimmell, Jr., the father of Orlando, was born in Union County, Penn., in 
1802, and came to Stark County with his parents. In 1823, he engaged in 
fulling and carding in Canton, Ohio. In 1837, he went to Carroll County, 
Ohio, where he began farming, and, in the fall of 1851, came to Noble County, 
where he remained ten years, returning then to Stark County, where he now 
resides. He has been an enterprising citizen, and has filled offices of honor 
and trust. Orlando was born in what is now included within the limits of the 
city of Canton, Ohio, March 25, 1830, where he was inured to farm life, and 
received the benefits of common schooling. At the age of eighteen, he devoted 
one year to fulling and carding. He accompanied his father to this county in 



472 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

the fall of 1851, and here he entered upon the stern realities of life in the pos- 
session of a pair of three-year-old colts, a rifle and $38 in money ; but the 
shoulder was placed to the wheel with a purpose to succeed, and though there 
were times when the struggle seemed to be against odds, yet, with judicious 
management and constant application, success crowned his efforts. In 1856, 
January 24, Mr. Kimmell was married to Miss Jane White, who was born in 
Marion County, Ohio, November 16, 183-t. Her father was a Virginian, born 
in 1800. They have eight children living — May, Lillian, Jennie, Maud, Phella, 
Morton, Thaddeus and Claudius. They have lost two by death. The success 
attained by Mr. Kimmell is worthy of emulation. His landed estate is very 
valuable, and comprises over 1,000 acres in Noble County. He lives on his 
farm about eight miles southeast of Ligonier, on the Fort Wayne and Goshen 
roads, in a fine brick residence, with large barns, granaries, etc., for the conven- 
ience of farm purposes. He is the most extensive wheat-grower in the county, pro- 
ducing in 1879, 6,000 bushels, and in 1880, 5,000. His success in stock-raising 
and other departments, is also characteristic of the good management displayed. 
But Mr. Kimmell's accomplishments have not been confined to the accumula- 
tion of wealth ; his influence has been felt for the good of the community by 
his participation in public affairs. As Township Trustee, he served four years, 
and during this time he was elected, in 1868, as County Commissioner. This 
office he resigned to accept the higher trust of Representative to the State Leg- 
islature, to which he was elected in 1876. He was re-nominated in 1878, but 
declined the proffered honor. Mr. Kimmell was one of the organizers of the 
County Agricultural Society ; was elected President in 1877, serving three 
years, and was re elected in 1882; was prime mover in establishing the Live- 
stock Association, of which he served first two years as President. During 
the war of the rebellion, he was active in looking after the interests of those 
who had gone to the front, and the county's affairs. Though not a church 
member, Mr. Kimmell is liberal in fostering church affairs, and is active in 
public matters where the interests of his community can be advanced. 

GEORGE H. LANE, born in Pickaway County, Ohio. October 1, 
1836. His boyhood and youth were passed in this county. His education 
was obtained at the common school, but by dint of close application he pre- 
pared himself for teaching, and has successfully pulled through over twenty 
terms. He first taught in Kosciusko County during the winter of 1856-57. 
Meeting with marked success, he was encouraged to continue in the business, 
and succeeded in all the schools he ever attempted. September 10, 1865, he 
married Miss Mary E. Matthews. Five children are the fruits of this mar- 
riage. Mr. Lane has been Justice of the Peace eight years in succession, and 
declined another election. He lives in York Township, about three miles west 
of Albion : is a successful farmer, good citizen and neighbor ; is wide awake to 
the necessities and enterprises of the times, and a Republican in politics. 

JOHN C. LANE was born in York Township. Noble County, October 1, 
1841. Hi's father, Vincent Lane, was born in Pickaway County, Oiiio, Jan- 
uary 31, 1803. His mother, Sarah (Hitler) Lane, was born in Pickaway 
County, Ohio, December 14, 1810. They were married December 18, 1828, 
and came to this county in 1837. The family consisted of eleven children. 
Vincent Lane died of lung fever December 17, 1849. He was a County Com- 
missioner six years, and also held the office of County Treasurer, by appoint- 
ment, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of Joseph Bradford, in 1839. 
He was also Commissioner of the 3 per cent fund one term. John C. Lane 



YORK TOWNSHIP. 473 

was married to Miss Mary E. Domer, in May, 1880. She was born in Elkhart 
Township, Noble County, Ind., July 8, 1844. Miss Domer has been a suc- 
cessful teacher in the common schools for a number of years. 

WILLIAM C. LEVERING. The Leverings in the United States are 
supposed to have sprung from a family that came over from Wales before the 
Revolutionary war, and are consequently somewhat related. They are numer- 
ous in Central Ohio, in Richland, Knox and Morrow Counties. They are gen- 
erally well-to-do farmers and good citizens. Neither drunkard nor pauper of 
that name was ever known. Grandfather Daniel Levering came to Ohio from 
Pennsylvania, in the year 1809. Daniel Levering's father was a blacksmith, 
and served in the Revolutionary war. Mrs. William C. Levering was born in 
Franklin County, Ohio, April 11, 1823. Her father, Samuel Morris, was a 
Virginian. She came with her parents to this county, in 1836, where they en- 
dured the privations and hardships of frontier life, Mr. Morris having car- 
ried corn for a grist on his back from Perry's Prairie to a mill one mile east of 
Wolf Lake. Mrs. Levering, while yet a girl, worked out at 50 cents a week. 
She has worked six weeks for six yards of calico, just enough to make a dress 
in those days. She was married to Mr. Levering October 18, 1846. Their 
children were Manda, Charles M. and fillen. The latter died September 28, 
1859. 

AARON MORE was born in Ravenna, Ohio, March 17, 1809. His 
father, David More, was a soldier of the war of 1812, and died in Ravenna of 
the cold plague, while home on sick-leave. He was a blacksmith by trade. His 
widow married John McManis, and the children were compelled to seek homes 
out of the family. Mr. McManis, about 1820, moved to Darke County, Ohio, 
where he entered land. In about six years, he moved to Willshire, in Van Wert 
County, where Mr. More visited his mother, in about 1825 ; then he worked 
for Capt. Riley, who, being cast away at sea, was captured by the Arabs, and 
finally ransomed. In the autumn of 1830, Mr. More visited his eldest brother 
in Medina County ; then went to Warren County, Penn., where he worked at 
painting. His education was picked up, little at a time, as opportunity offered. 
In 1837, he went down the Broken Sword, into the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers, 
with a raft of lumber, stopping at Wheeling, Va. His step-father having died, 
he visited his mother at Willshire, in August, 1837. Here he took a lease of 
some land, and entered upon the support of his mother. He soon entered 80 
acres in Adams County. Ind., to which place he moved with his mother in 
1841. May 2-1, 1844, he married Miss Mary Ann Syphers, born in Pendle- 
ton County. Va., January 19, 1825, whose father was a soldier of the war of 
1812, and her great-uncle. Gen. Everhart, was with Washington in the Revo- 
lution. Mr. More's mother died January 18, 1846. In 1853, he bought a 
store in Willshire, Ohio, and in connection had the post office. In March, 
1854, moved to Monmouth. In July, 1858, moved with his stock of goods to 
Green Township, this county, thence to Cromwell in 1860. In April, 1874, 
he moved on his present farm, in Section 32. While in Adams County, he 
served as Justice of the Peace. He became a member of the F. & A. M., 
Wayne Lodge, No. 25, at Fort Wayne, in August, 1857, and is still a member 
of that order. 

NATHAN NILES was born in Bath, Steuben County, N. Y., Novem- 
ber 24, 1834. His parents located in Seneca County, Ohio, in 1838. In 
1849, they moved to near Shelby, in Richland County. He got his education 
at the schools of Shelby and Oberlin, attending the latter more or less regular- 



474 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

ly from 1851 to 1854. November 15, 1854, he arrived in this county, and 
that winter taught his first scohol in a log schoolhouse, 15x18, on Judge Black- 
man's land, receiving $51 for sixty-six days. He went to Middlebury, Elk- 
hart County, the next spring, and taught a select school. He then worked at 
the carpenter business with his uncle ; in November, he came again to Noble 
County ; the following winter he solicited insurance ; in the winter of 1856 
and 1857, he taught school again in the little log schoolhouse. He married 
Jeanette Hubbard, from Ashtabula County, Ohio, who was born November 11, 
1833. In the spring of 1860, he went to farming; but, in 1877, sold out, 
moved to Ligonier, and engaged in the sale of hardware and agricultural im- 
plements ; in about a year, he bought the farm where he now lives and moved 
upon it. January 10, 1878, began a ten weeks' term at the Cavin School, in 
Perry Township, the first teacher having resigned. Since about this time, Mr. 
Niles has been unable to do hard work. He lives on Section 17, York Town- 
ship ; is of Welsh extraction, and a Republican. His grandfather, Leonard 
Plants, was the last surviving soldier of the Revolution, in Licking County, 
Ohio. Mr. Niles was enumerator of the census for York Township in 
1880. 

JEFFERSON NOE is a son of Aaron and Sarah Noe, who moved from 
Licking County, Ohio, and located in Sparta Township, Noble County, in 
1837. Aaron Noe was born near Newark, N. J., about the year 1806. His 
father came from France about the time Napoleon I took command of the 
armies of France. Jeft'erson Noe was born January 5, 1837, in Licking County, 
Ohio. Has had but a common-school education, but being ambitious and 
studious, has become a well-read man. He was married to Miss Mary A. 
Gloyd May 6, 1860. She was born in Newark, Ohio, February 6, 1836. 
Her parents were from Maryland. William Gloyd was born in 1812; came 
to Indiana in 1839 ; died February 27, 1863 ; Mother Matilda Gloyd was born 
in 1814. Aaron Noe was a blacksmith. He died while visiting friends in 
Illinois, in 1851. His remains were brought back to Ligonier and interred in 
the City Cemetery ; a monument costing $300 marks his resting-place. Mother 
Noe died August 12, 1869, and was buried beside her husband. Jefferson 
Noe has cleared up two farms and worked hard, and is now enjoying life in 
ease and plenty. The children were Jeremiah, William H., Clara Belle and 
George Ellsworth ; the latter died at tlie age of fifteen months. Jefferson Noe 
was about five years old when his younger brother, Allen, was stolen by the 
Indians, and no tidings of him have ever been received ; diligent search was 
instituted, but of no avail ; his fate is yet, and may always remain, a strange, 
sad mystery. Mr. and Mrs. Noe are prominent members of the Christian 
Church. 

ANDREW J. PARKS is a native of La Grange County, Ind. His 
mother was born in New York and his father in Ohio. His father died when 
Andrew was but a child and his mother remarried. After this he lived at home 
but a short time ; went to his aunt's and lived with her some time, then spent 
eighteen months at Mr. Gerber's. He lived two summers with his Uncle John 
Roy, passing the winters in Ligonier, at his grandparents' ; he next went to 
Brimfield, where he lived about a year, then at the age of thirteen, went to 
Albion, where he found a home with Mr. Bliss. At the age of seventeen, he 
went to live with his aunt, west of Albion, where he remained about one year, 
then returned to Albion. He finally married Miss Mary A. Hadley, and made 
himself a permanent home. She is a native of Indiana. Her parents are 



YORK TOWNSHIP. 476 

Ohioans by birth, but are now living in Indiana. In 1874, Mr. Parka owned 
132 acres of land, a portion of which constitutes his present farm. They have 
three children — Charles, Lillie and Ermina. 

CYRUS POLLOCK was born in Washington Township, Richland 
County, Ohio, April 12, 1832. His father, Andrew Pollock, was born near 
Pittsburgh, Penn., about the year 1779, and came to Richland County, Ohio, 
in 1812. He was a soldier in the war of 1812 ; he came to Noble County in 
1853 and died in 1857. IMother Mary (Surplus) Pollock was born in Penn- 
sylvania, in 1800, and died in 1858. Cyrus Pollock came to this country with 
his father in 1853. October 18, 1856, he married Miss Susannah Earnhart. 
By her he had one child, Harriet. Mrs Pollock died November 5, 1859. 
August 12, 1860, he married Martha Jerls. By this marriage he has eight 
children. She was born in Miami County, Ohio, May 5, 1835. Mr. Pollock 
was elected Justice of the Peace in the autumn of 1870. He served three years, 
when he resigned to accept the office of Superintendent of the County Infirmary. 
He filled the office five years with satisfaction to the public. Since then, has 
farmed successfully. His farm consists of 120 acres in Section 8, five miles 
west of Albion. 

JAMES ROSCO is a native of Essex County, N. Y., from whence his 
parents moved to Erie County, Ohio, in 1834. He is one of eight brothers and 
one sister, and was born September 11, 1833, to Levi and Eliza (Stockwell) 
Rosco. The father was born in Essex County, N. Y., June 10, 1810. The 
mother in Massachusetts February 14, 1812. The elder Rosco was a carpenter 
and joiner, from whom James learned the trade, and at which he worked until 
1860. March 23, 1857, he married Miss Elsie Barr, a native of Niagara 
County, N. Y., born October 29, 1826. The nine years prior to going to Erie 
County, Ohio, in 1856, she had lived in Michigan. They have one child. 
Nelson, living ; two having died, Arvilla and Edgar, both in the autumn of 
1865. Mr. Rosco moved to Green Township, this county, in 1861, and two 
years later upon his present farm, which consists of 380 acres, well adapted for 
general farm purposes, and beautified by evergreens, of which Mr. Rosco has 
set out nearly 500, acting upon the principle that it is every citizen's duty to 
do what he can to beautify the country for the benefit of coming generations. 
In all respects he is an enterprising citizen, and one of the foremost in the fur- 
therance of public interests. Largely by his influence and exertion, in connec- 
tion with James C. Stewart, of Noble Township, the Port Mitchell mill-dam 
nuisance was abated. In politics he is a Republican, thorough and unequivocal, 
and a firm believer in the religion of Jesus Christ. He is a member of Albion 
Lodge, No. 97, F. & A. M., of Chapter No. 64, R. A. M., of Kendallville, and 
of Apollo Commandery, No. 19, K. T. 

JAMES H. SINGREY is a native of Troy Township, Morrow County, 
Ohio, and was born September 18, 1831. His parents, Thomas and Catharine 
(Akerraan) Singrey, were natives respectively of Maryland and New Jersey. 
His grandfather, Singrey, native of Maryland, was a noted physician and sur- 
geon, and his grandfather Akerman was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, 
and participated in the battles of Monmouth and Trenton. His parents came 
to Indiana in 1862, located in Albion, but afterward moved to Jefferson Town- 
ship, where they are still living, at the advanced ages of seventy-nine and eighty- 
one. James H. Singrey was reared on a farm in Ohio, and came to Indiana 
with his parents. He purchased eighty acres of land in Elkhart Township, 
where he lived two years, clearing and otherwise improving the land. He 



476 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

subsequently purchased a farm of eighty acres in Jefferson Township, situated 
on Section 17, where he still resides, and which is now one of the best farms in 
the township. Mr. Singrey, in 1854, married Sarah J. Herrington, a native 
of Pennsylvania, born December 3, 1833. Her father, John Herrington, was 
a Pennsylvanian by birth, and a farmer. Mr. Singrey, while in Ohio, served 
three years as Trustee of Troy Township, and at present is Superintendent of 
the County Poor Farm, to which office he was elected in April. 1881, for the 
period of one year. They have six children, Franklin E. (now married and 
farming on the old home farm), Charles A., Perry J., Debby E., Cyrilla F. and 
Roy C. Perry J. is on the same farm with his brother Frank, and the others 
are all at home. 

DAVID W. STARK was born in Lancaster County, Penn., February 
23, 1855, and came with his parents to Indiana in 1865. His father, Abra- 
ham Stark, was born October 24, 1829. His mother, Mary Ann Stark, was 
born July 4, 1832. David W. Stark married Ellen E. Bower September 4, 
1879. She was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, May 28, 1861. Her 
parents came to Indiana in the year 1870, and bought land in Section 18, York 
Township, six miles west of Albion, where Mr. Stark now lives. They have 
one child — Sophia Christina, born January 23, 1881. 

JOEL VANDERFORD was born in Ross County, Ohio, November 5, 1813, 
where he passed his boyhood and youth. At the age of twenty-two, he packed his 
earthly possessions in a cotton handkerchief, and tramped to this county, where 
he grubbed and cut wood at 25 cents a cord and boarded himself, to make the 
money with which he bought the first land he ever owned — the eighty acres on 
which the fine buildings of Orlando Kimmell now stand. In the summer of 

1836, Mr. Vanderford and John Male felled the timber, cut and split 40,000 
fence rails. They also laid up a portion of them into fences. March 23, 

1837, he married Miss Emeline Bull. She was born in Perry County, Penn., 
February 23, 1815. Their housekeeping outfit was a board laid on the flour 
barrel for a table, half a dozen plates, half a dozen knives and forks, one kettle, 
a teakettle and a skillet. For a cupboard, he put clapboards on wooden pins in 
the wall. They had one good bed and a bedstead ; for the extra bed he put a 
long and a shorter pole into holes in the logs and put on clapboards for the tick 
to lie on. They had two chairs with splint bottoms and two without bottoms. 
Mr. Vanderford grubbed for Joel Smith until he accumulated $2.50, with 
which he purchased two bushels of wheat, had it ground and took it home. It 
proved to be worthless and made him sick, so he went to John G. Hall, who 
had a mill one mile east of Wolf Lake, and bargained with him for a bushel of 
corn meal. He was to bring his yoke of oxen and log one day for the meal. 
When night came, the miller could scrape together but a half bushel. This 
necessitated coming to the mill again. As he lived four miles from the mill, he 
had to drive his ox team sixteen miles and do a hard day's logging for one 
bushel of corn meal. In 1852, Mr. Vanderford went to California and then to 
Oregon, and traveled over near its entire extent. While there he split three 
thousand rails. He was absent three years, and returned in 1855, touching at 
Havana and Key West. While on the Pacific Ocean, he barely escaped being 
lost in a storm, but he has weathered it all, and is now a hale and hearty man, 
surrounded by all that tends to make life enjoyable. He owns 317 acres of 
good land. His residence is on Section 29, six miles west of Albion. The 
following children are living: Sarah Ann, Elizana, Richard Clark, Mary and 
William C. Two are dead — Nancy Jane and John Fremont. Two of his 



i'ORK TOWNSHIP. 477 

sons were in the army — Richard Clark and William C. Richard C. received 
five wounds, two of which were severe. One son, John F., was drowned in 
the lake at Chicago. Mr. V. is a Republican, and a member of the Church of 
God. He was on the first grand jury impaneled in this county. 

JOHN WALKER is a substantial farmer in York Township, where he 
owns nearly oOO acres of land, with a considerable portion under cultivation, 
and with improvements in the way of buildings, fences, hedges, orchards, etc., 
that characterize the whole as the result of efficient management. The 185 
rods of fine grown, well-cared-for hedge that surrounds some of the fields is a 
feature that lends to the beauty and adds to the value of this farm. The soil ia 
productive, and yields bountiful harvests. In 1879, 1,600 bushels of wheat 
were taken from its fields, and it yearly* produces from thirty to forty tons of 
hay. Other crops are harvested in goodly quantities. The farm is in Sections 
1 and 2, and the land — or a portion of it — was entered in 1837 by Mr. Walk- 
er's father, Christopher, who was born October 21, 1787. His wife, Mary 
(Magdelain), and mother of John, was born December 15, 1793 ; they were na- 
tives of Pennsylvania, but removed to Richland County, Ohio, where they re- 
mained until their death ; the father September 26, 1872, and the mother June 

11, 1877. They had eleven children, ten of whom are living : Mrs. Mary 
Acton, in Wayne Township ; Henry, in Elkhart Township ; Ephraim, in Mor- 
row County, Ohio; John, the subject; Mrs. Sarah Thompson, in Wayne 
Township; Gabriel; Israel, in Elkhart Township; Gideon, in Swan Town- 
ship ; Mrs. Susan Denlan, in Knox County, Ohio ; Mrs. Elvina Hoffman, wife 
of John Hofi'raan, of Jefferson Township ; and William, deceased. John 
Walker was born in Richland County, Ohio, December 21, 1821, where he 
learned the trade of blacksmithing of his father : this he followed, together 
with farming, until May, 1849, when he came to this county, locating where 
fae now resides. Here, his time has been given principally to the cultivation 
of the soil, although he has worked some at his trade. March 25, 1845, he 
was married to Miss Miriam Cook, also a native of Richland County, Ohio, 
born November 10, 1824. She is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. 
Walker has erected a fine brick residence in Albion, into which he intends to 
move in 1882, and live in retirement, and in the enjoyment of the fruits of 
honest toil. He is a much-respected and highly-honored citizen, and has 
served his township as Trustee. He has an aunt by marriage — Sarah Stilwell 
— who will be 100 years old in March, 1882, and who is still quite active for 
one so aged. 

ZENAS J. WRIGHT, a native of Massachusetts, was born November 

12, 1817. His parents, Zenaa and Nancy (Willis) Wright, were both natives 
of Massachusetts, and his grandfather, Elisha Wright, was a farmer of the 
same nativity. Zenas Wright's early youth was passed in New York until 
1836, when with his parents he came to York Township, Ind., and located at 
" Wright's Corners." Here he lived until 1841, when he married Mary Ann 
Arnold, and purchased eighty acres of his present farm in Perry Township, 
making subsequent additions until it now numbers 280 acres, and is in a good 
state of cultivation. They have nine children — Silas J., now on the old farm ; 
William W., who resides in Iowa; Zenas M., in Iowa; Isaac A., on the old 
farm ; Christa, in Nebraska ; Adoniram J., in Iowa ; and Elsie J., Emma and 
Minnie at home. Mrs. Wright died April 4, 1881. She was a member of the 
Biptist Church. Mr. Wright is a member of the same church, and served for 
eight successive years as Township Trustee, and has efficiently served four 
years as Justice of the Peace. 



478 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHBS: 



GREEN TOWNSHIP. 

JAMES M. APPLEGATE (deceased), was a native of Richland County, 
Ohio, born October 23, 1829, a son of Isaac and Sarah (Davis) Applegate, and 
one of five children. At the age of twenty, he came to Indiana with his 
brother to teach school, commencing in Green Township, and following this 
calling through eleven winters in his neighborhood, where he won many friends, 
being temperate and an exemplary citizen. He was a Republican, and held 
several township ofEces. While serving in the army, he contracted sickness, 
which resulted in his death, January 19, 1879. May 4, 1851, Mr. Applegate 
was married to Miss Sophronia Gray, the daughter of Samuel and Ruth (Leech) 
Gray. She was born in Knox County, Ohio, February 17, 1831, and came to 
Noble County with her parents in 1835, and assisted at the spinning wheel and 
other domestic duties. She received the common education of her girlhood 
days. Mr. and Mrs. Applegate were favored by the birth of seven children- 
Orlando (deceased), Manuel J., Harvey (deceased), Laura J. (now the wife of 0. 
Fulk), Florence, Clara G. and Firmer. Mrs. Applegate is still living on the 
old farm, consisting of 158 acres, and has the esteem and respect of a large 
circle of friends. 

W. C. ARTHUR was born in Huron County, Ohio, March 25, 1828. 
At the age of eight years he was left au orphan, and with his brothers 
and sisters lived on the home place. Shortly after reaching his majority, 
he was induced, by the stories of gold, to go to California. He took pas- 
sage on the clipper ship Racehorse from New York. They were about five 
months on the journey, stopping at Rio Janeiro, Valparaiso and other places of 
interest. On his arrival in San Francisco, he associated himself with a com- 
pany of others and began mining on the Yuba River. The next winter he 
operated on a little stream called Brandy Gulch, in Yuba County, and here 
made some money. The next season he operated in and about Camptonville. 
After a stay in California of twenty-six months, he came by steamer to New 
York, crossing the Isthmus of Panama. From New York he returned to his 
old home in Huron County, Ohio, and came to Green Township in 1855, 
locating on his present farm. He was married July 4, 1855. Three children 
have blessed this union with Rachel Skeels — Fannie, George and Leslie. All 
are living; the eldest being the wife of William Shambaugh, of Green Towq- 
ship. Mr. Arthur had nothing to start with, but is now a prosperous farmer. 
He owns 340 acres of land, is a Democrat, a Mason and he and wife are mem- 
bers of the Free- Will Baptist Church. Mr. Arthur is a son of Thomas and 
Margaret (Clark) Arthur, who were natives of Ireland. Both died in Huron 
County, Ohio. 

WILLIAM D. BONAR was born December 19, 1839, a son of David 
and Hester (Deweese) Bonar, the parents of fifteen children, ten of whom are 
yet alive. The father was born October 9, 1784, and was of Scotch descent. 
September 10, 1820, he married Hesther Deweese in Licking County, Ohio, 
her birthplace. He was a shoemaker by trade, but abandoned that calling on 
coming to Green Township in 1836, where he entered 80 acres of land, which 
he cleared and improved. He was of small physical frame, and decisive turn 
of mind, wielding much influence. He died December 25, 1874, and his wife 



GREEN TOWNSHIP. 479 

May 25, 1846. William D. Bonar passed his youth on the farm, receiving a 
common school education. December 15, 1863, he enlisted in Company I, 
Twelfth Indiana Cavalry, and was discharged August 27, 1865, and returned 
home to his farm. Mr. Bonar owns 120 acres of good land, and is a Demo- 
crat. He was married April 19, 1871, to Miss Eleanor Moore, daughter of 
Samuel and Mary Ann Moore. They had one child, a boy, Alva C. The 
mother died in January, 1872. Mr. Bonar takes the lead in many things in 
his township, and exerts a wholesome control over its affairs. 

GEORGE W. BROWN was born in Preble County, Ohio, April 21, 
1827. He is one of twelve children born to George and Sarah (Nethercut) 
Brown. The father was a native of Virginia, and the mother of South Caro- 
lina. They started out in life poor, but became prosperous farmers, and were 
honored and respected members of society ; both are now dead. George W. 
received a good common-school education. In 1847, he was united in marriage 
with Margaret Brumbaugh, and in the fall of 1851 moved to Green Township 
and settled on 100 acres of wood land his father had purchased for him, and 
50 acres that had been given Mrs. Brown by her parents ; the clearing and im- 
proving afforded abundant work for Mr. Brown. They have added to their 
original place enough to make 485 acres, which have been partially divided 
among the children, of whom there have been eight — William, Otho, George, 
Sarah C, Ellen, Ida, EfBe (deceased) and Laura. William married Mary Zum- 
brum, and resides in Whitley County. The rest are in Noble County. Otho 
married Barbara Royer; George married Ann McCoy; Sarah is the wife of 
James McCoy ; Ellen is the wife of Aaron Eagly ; Ida married Samuel Black, 
and Laura is single. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are members of the German Bap- 
tist Church, and Mr. Brown is a Democrat. 

LUKE N. CLEMENS, generally known as Esquire Clemens, was 
born in Augusta, Va., October 7, 1808. He was one of thirteen 
children born to John and Anna (Boyer) Clemens, who were pros- 
perous farmers of the Shenandoah Valley. Luke remained with his 
parents, in Virginia, receiving a common-school education, and in 1825 emi- 
grated with his parents to Madison County, Ohio, where he engaged in farming 
for a period of twenty years. His father was a soldier of the war of 1812, 
and he lived in Madison County the balance of his days. While in Ohio, 
Luke was married to Miss Sarah Rathbun, and in 1845 moved to Noble Coun- 
ty, where his brother had preceded him. He purchased his present farm — 160 
acres — and built thereon a log cabin, moved into it, and thus commenced life 
in the wilderness. His farm was then a mass of woods, swamps and un- 
derbrush, and various species of wild beasts made it their home. Notwith- 
standing the hardships incident to such a life, he succeeded gradually in clear- 
ing and otherwise improving his farm. Mr. Clemens, during his early life here, 
killed over 200 deer, to say nothing of wild-cats, turkeys, squirrels, etc. ; hunt- 
ing formed his chief amusement. To his marriage with Miss Rathbun there 
were born twelve children — John, Harmon, Eliza, Polly, Lydia, Elizabeth, 
Henilerson, Melinda, Harrison, Henry, Sarah and James. Of these the fol- 
lowing are dead: Eliza, Polly, Lydia, Betsy and Harmon. Mr. Clemens is a 
man of enterprise, and has held the office of Justice of the Peace for the past 
twenty-six years. 

DAVID CLOUSE, born in Licking Co., Ohio, February 2, 1842. His 
parents were Benjamin and Lydia (Green) Clouse, and to them were born seven 
children ; only four are living. The parents are both living and reside in Lick- 



480 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

ing Co., Ohio. David Clouse is a man of common-school education. Having rel- 
atives in Noble County, he came here in 1862, and the 21st of October of the 
same year he enlisted in Company D, Twenty-eighth Regiment, First Indiana 
Cavalry. At an engagement near Little Rock, Ark., he was wounded in the 
arm April 1, 1865, which resulted in his discharge June 8, 1865. After the 
war was over, Mr. Clouse returned home, and having eighty acres of land, he 
began clearing and improving the same. He was married in 1866, to Electa 
Bisekorner, who died February 14. 1874. leaving four children. His second 
and present wife, Lucina Lock, he married in September, 1875. The children 
of his first marriage are John H., Lydia 0. (deceased), Luther C. and Alta; and 
to his second marriage, Sylvia L., Jesse W., Nellie D. and one as yet unnamed. 
Mr. Clouse is a farmer — owns eighty acres of good land ; is a Republican, and 
an enterprising citizen. His grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionarv war. 

JONAS COOK was born in Carroll County, Md., December 10,1827. 
He is a son of Baltzer and Elizabeth (Fulkearth) Cook, and of German descent. 
His parents were both natives of Maryland. The father was a farmer, and 
moved to Montgomery County, Ohio, in 1830. where he and wife lived the re- 
mainder of their days. Our subject, at the age of nineteen, began working at 
carpentering. Having natural talent in this direction, he continued it profit- 
ably some fifteen years ; when, having saved a part of his earnings, he pur- 
chased 120 acres of his present farm, on which he moved in 1859. Mr. Cook 
had to undergo, as did the old settlers, the hardships in the clearing and im- 
proving of his place. He has increased his original purchase to 220 acres, aided 
to a considerable extent by his earnings in teaching school. He was married in 
1849 to Elizabeth Zeigler, of Montgomery County, Ohio, and who has borne 
him three children — Letitia A.. Granville W. and Silas C. During the fall of 
1864, Mr. Cook enlisted in Company C, Thirteenth Regiment, and was dis- 
charged at Goldsboro, N. C, at the close of the war. He was at the battle of 
Bentonville and Richmond, and the storming of Fort Fisher both times. After 
the war, he came home and recommenced farming. He and wife are members 
of the German Baptist Church. Mr. Cook is a Republican and a worthy citizen. 

JOHN A. CONKLING'S parents were Samuel and Charlotte" (Bruce) 
Conkling. the former of Holland Dutch descent, and the latter of Scotch-Irish. 
Their familv numbered eleven children, five still living. One of these, .John A. 
Conkling, was born in Ohio October 15, 1818, and came with his parents to 
Delaware County, where they lived ten years. They lived one year in Sparta 
Township, then moved to Noble Township ; after this, all went West to Iowa 
and Missouri, except John A. The mother died in Iowa and the father in 
Kansas. The latter was a soldier in the war of 1812, and his sons, Henry and 
James, served honorably in the last great war. Soon after removing to Noble 
Township, Mr. Conkling returned to Sparta, where he resided until 1878, then 
purchased 110 acres of land, where he now resides. On the 29th of August, 
1844, he married Matilda Ann Todd, whose parents came from Ohio. Their 
children were as follows : Levi (drowned when but seventeen years old). Sarah 
Margaret and .John Henry, the latter still living at home. Sarah M. is the 
wife of Isaac M. Barcus. Mrs. Conkling is a member of the Lutheran Church, 
and her husband is a Democrat. They are very worthy people ; have seen 
the wilderness transformed into beautiful homes, and the retrospect of their 
lives is a happy one. 

W. C. DAVIS was born in Richland County, Ohio, December 4, 1832, 
a son of William and Nancy Davis, who came from Westmoreland County, 



GREEN TOWNSHIP. 481 

Penn., to the birthplace of our subject, where they died. They were of 
Scotch-Irish descent, and the parents of ten children, six of whom are still 
living. The elder Mr. Davis was a Democrat, a member of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, and an early settler of Richland County. He was temper- 
ate, and was looked to for advice in matters of importance. Until sixteen years 
of age, W. C. Davis was reared on a farm, receiving a common-school educa- 
tion. He then served a two years' apprenticeship to the carpenter's trade. 
In 1851, he came to Indiana, locating in Noble County, and has worked at his 
trade ever since. He was married, February 26, 1856, to Miss Nancy Mc- 
Williams, who died February 26, 1857. Mr. Davis' second wife was Caroline 
Hill, to whom he was married April 4, 1868. To their union were born two 
daughters — Minia, July 11, 1869, and Jennie, December 11, 1871. The 
mother was born February 23, 1847, and died December, 1871. Mr. Davis' 
third and present wife, Esther S. Hill, sister of his second wife, he married 
August 19, 1877. Mr. Davis started in life with but little means at his com- 
mand, and deserves much credit for his success. He now owns 120 acres of 
improved land, is a Democrat and an intelligent citizen. 

LEVI DILLER was born in Lancaster County, Penn., April 15, 1818. 
He is one of eight children born to Martin and Rachel (Wolf) Diller. When 
twelve years old, his parents moved to Frederick County, Md., where he re- 
ceived a good education. From 1836 to 1840, he served an apprenticeship at 
the blacksmith and machinist's trade, and after completing it came to Preble 
County, Ohio, where he worked six years. He then purchased a farm and 
engaged in agricultural pursuits until the fall of 1857, when he came to Noble 
County to engage in the lumber trade. He purchased five acres of land in 
Green Township on which was a small saw-mill. This he improved until he 
had one of the finest mills in the county. By degrees he increased his busi- 
ness, which now ranks second to none in Green Township. He was married, 
March 16. 1843, to Catharine Lock, of Frederick County, Md., and to them 
were born eight children — Louisa J., John H., Margaret E., Elizabeth, Anna, 
Martin L., Levi (deceased) and Benjamin F. Mr. and Mrs. Diller are mem- 
bers of the Lutheran Church. He is a prominent Democrat, but has never 
aspired to political prominence. He now owns 200 acres of land, besides his 
mill property. 

GEORGE EASTERDAY (deceased) was a native of the Buckeye State, 
his birth occurring in Jeiferson County November 15. 1800. His father, 
George Easterday, was a native of Maryland and of German descent, and 
moved with his family from Maryland to Jefferson County, Ohio, at an early 
period. His son, whose name heads this sketch, was reared in Jefferson County, 
where he was married and whence he moved to Holmes County in 1825, and 
was soon followed by his father. Both families soon moved to Chester Town- 
ship, Morrow County, Ohio, where, after a number of years, the parents died. 
Our subject's wife was Anna M. Summerlot, who bore her husband ten chil- 
dren, as follows: George W., William, Sylvester. Elizabeth and Catharine 
living, and John, Samuel, Joseph, Lucinda and one that died in infancy, de- 
ceased. In 1853, Mr. Easterday came to Noble County, Ind., and located on 
a farm. Mrs. Easterday died May 2, 1876, and her husband followed her to 
the tomb February 28, 1880. Mr. Easterday was a farmer and an upright 
and honest man. He was a Whig and later a Republican, and himself and 
wife were members of the Lutheran Church. They are gone, but their memory 
will grow brighter as time fades away. 



482 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

GEORGE W. EASTERDAY, was born in Holmes Co., Ohio, March 29, 
1827. He was reared on his father's farm and worked for them until twenty- 
two years old, when he received property valued at $100 and started out for 
himself On the 28th of September, 1851, he married Nancy E. Smith, of 
Morrow County, Ohio, by whom he had eight children — Mary Anna (deceased), 
Dora S. P. (deceased), Otho D.. William D., Edna E., Jeremiah M., Adar M. 
and Drury S. Otho D. married Flora Franks and lives in Green Township. 
In 1852, Mr. Easterday came to Noble County, locating on the farm where 
the Frankses now live. In 1862, he exchanged his farm there for his present 
one. He now owns 200 acres in Green Township and 100 in Jefferson and 
Albion Townships. He is a Republican and himself and wife are Lutherans. 
Mr. Easterday's sister Elizabeth is the wife of Samuel Decamp and lives in 
Jefferson Township. Catharine is the wife of Henry Kirkpatrick and lives in 
the same township. Sylvester married Mahala Frederick and lives in Albion. 

WILLIAM EASTERDAY was born in Holmes County. Ohio, in 1833. 
He remained at home until twenty-two years old, and then received $100 with 
which to begin life. He purchased eighty acres of his present farm, paying 
for the same his $100 and working to pay the remaining $400. Since then 
forty acres have been added, making a farm of 120 acres. On the 22d of 
November, 1860, he married Catharine Engle, and they have three children — 
Delila Alice, Wilbert Amos and Alma Barbara. Mrs. Easterday was born in 
Morrow County, Ohio, August 15, 1838. William Easterday is a highly re- 
spected citizen. The family of Easterdays are industrious, sober citizens. 

JACOB FAVINGER was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, September 
1, 1837. His parents were of German descent, and natives of the *' Keystone 
State," the parents of twelve children, ten of whom are yet alive. Farming was 
the father's vocation through life. In 1850, he and family moved to Green 
Township, purchasing wild land. He was an industrious man, a Democrat, 
and a member of the Presbyterian Church. His death occurred January 24, 
1877 ; his widow survives him, and resides on the old homestead. Jacob Fav- 
inger was reared on his father's farm, and in youth received no education, 
while in the army he learned to read, write and cipher. When President 
Lincoln called for 300,000 men in August, 1861, he volunteered his services, 
and was assigned to Company E, Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He 
was discharged for disability at Evansville, Ind., in January, 1864. Mr. 
Favinger, at the battle of Shiloh, was twice wounded ; and while in the en- 
gagement at Chickamauga, was shot through the lungs by an ounce ball, which 
is still in his body. He was married in 1864, to Sarah E. Watt, daughter of 
one of the old settlers of Noble County. Their five sons are William, Abra- 
ham, John, Marion and George. After his marriage, Mr. Favinger purchased 
forty acres, and started in the woods. After clearing three acres, he sold it and 
purchased forty acres of his present farm, which now consists of eighty acres. 
He and his wife started out in married life with little, but now have a pleasant 
home and surroundings. In politics, Mr. Favinger is Independent, and is now 
serving his fourth term as Township Constable. 

JAMES GRAWCOCK is a native of Lincolnshire, England, born Jan- 
uary 21, 1883. (A sketch of his parents will be found in the biography of 
William Grawcock.) He was raised in Lincolnshire, receiving a common 
school education. April 21, 1853, he started from Liverpool for America, and 
after a voyage of four weeks arrived in New York, $13 in debt. He came to 
Toledo via Albany and Buffalo, and from there to Fort Wayne, Ind., then to 



GREEN TOWNSHIP. 483 

Swan Township, where he engaged in ditching. In 1854, he had $150 of his 
earnings which he paid on a tarin of forty acres — a part of his present place. 
By hard labor he has cleared it of all indebtedness and has added eighty acres. 
Mr. Grawcock was married March 8, 1861, to Mariah C. Fulk, and to their 
union was born nine children — Solomon, William H., Emma J., Oliver P., 
Mary E., Margaret A. (deceased), John, Noah and Eliza E. After his mar- 
riage, Mr. Grawcock moved on his then unimproved place, but is now a well 
improved farm of 120 acres. He and wife are members of the Church of God ; 
are enterprising and respected people, and Mr. Grawcock is a Democrat. 

WILLIAM GRAWCOCK was born in Willoughby, Lincolnshire, En- 
gland, September 29, 1831, the eldest of four children born to Isaac and Ann 
(Cox) Grawcock. His mother died and his father married Elizabeth Tow, by 
whom he had eight children. This lady is yet living in England, but the 
father died in 1873. He was a farmer and moved to Billanghay, where the 
family still reside. William Grawcock, at the age of twenty, came to the 
United States, starting on the voyage to Quebec, Canada, in March, 1852, 
thence to Cleveland, Ohio, and soon afterward went to Richland County, Ohio. 
He then came to Swan Township. In 1853, he purchased 100 acres of his 
present farm, having but $5 to make the first payment. After this he worked 
some time on the railroad. In March, 1855, he and his brother James com- 
menced clearing together, "baching it." The farm has been increased until 
it consists of 200 acres. On the 8th of January, 1856, he married Miss Mar- 
tha, daughter of John and Anna (Wyatt) Bennett, of Allen County, Ind. 
This lady's people were early settlers in Eel River Township, while she enjoys 
the distinction of having been the first child born in the township, her birth 
occurring June 5, 1835. Their children number ten, as follows : James B., 
Isaac C, Rosanna (wife of George Fulk), Elizabeth A. (wife of Noah Whirledge), 
Jesse J. (deceased), George F. (deceased), Noah W. (deceased), Charles W., 
Oscar D. and Susan E. (deceased). James B. married Sarah Fulk, and lives 
in Churubusco. Mr. Grawcock is one of the most extensive and enterprising 
stock-raisers in Noble County. In 1880, his son Isaac went to England and 
purchased a noble draught horse, at great expense, which unfortunately died 
on the journey ; he also purchased a magnificent Clydesdale stallion. Mr. 
Grawcock has a fine herd of full-blooded short-horn cattle, in which he takes 
great pride. He is an excellent neighbor, and is a leading member of the 
Church of God, near his place. 

GEORGE HUNTSMAN was born in Morrow County, Ohio, October 
27, 1839. He is one of nine children born to Jeremiah and Mary (Painter) 
Huntsman, who were also natives of Ohio. Jeremiah Huntsman was a 
farmer and pursued that vocation through life. In 1864, he came to Noble 
County with his family, locating on the old Huntsman farm in Green Town- 
ship. He died in March, 1872. He was a Democrat and an enterprising 
citizen. His widow survives him and resides on the old place. George Hunts- 
man was reared in Morrow County, Ohio, receiving a common school educa- 
tion. He came to Green Township in 1864, and by frugality and labor has 
earned a fine home of 105 acres. He was married in May, 1861, to Susann 
Hostler. Their children were Flora, Amanda, Vileti M., Ida C, E. M., 
Alice and William H. The four oldest are dead. Mr. Huntsman is a Demo- 
crat, and the family are honored and respected members of society. 

HIRAM LINDSEY is a native of Knox County, Ohio, where his birth 
occurred March 8, 1826. His parents were Jacob and Sarah (Craven) Lind- 



484 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

sey, to whom were born five children, four yet living. The father was a fol- 
lower of the plow, and came from Pennsylvania, while tlie mother traced her 
nativity to New Jersey. In April, 1839, Mr. Lindsey and family appeared in 
Green Township, and settled on the farm now owned by his son Hiram. Mr. 
Lindsey died during the autumn of 1839. Mrs. Lindsey is yet living in Mor- 
row County, Ohio. After the death of the father, great hardships were 
endured. The eldest son was drowned, and Hiram was called upon to assume 
many duties which he successfully mastered. In the year 1866, Mr. Lindsey 
opened a store in Noblesville, where he sold goods until 1869, when he moved 
to the farm now owned by Mr. Conkling, and there continued his store four 
years, when he abandoned the occupation and went to farming again. In 1855, 
he was united in marriage with Barbara Lock, and by her had six children, as 
follows: John W., George W., Mary J., Jacob F., Nancy E. and Oscar W.; 
John W. and Nancy are dead. Mr. Lindsey is a Democrat and while at 
Noblesville he served as Postmaster. He owns 80 acres of nice land, and is a 
member of the I. 0. 0. F. He is an honorable man, and has the confidence 
and respect of all who know him. 

JESSE LOCK was born in Preble County, Ohio, April 7, 1847. He is 
a son of John and Elizabeth (Link) Lock, and one of ten children, four of 
whom are living, viz., Barbara, wife of Hiram Lindsey ; Lucina, wife of David 
Clouse, of Albion ; Elizabeth, who is also living in Albion ; and Jesse, the sub- 
ject of this sketch. The parents of these were married in Preble County, Ohio, 
and came to Noble County in 1849, locating in Green Township, on the farm 
now owned by Jesse Lock. They erected a little log cabin, and began clearing 
the land. Mr. Lock was a Democrat, and a member of the Baptist Church. 
He died June 12, 1855, and his widow April 2, 1874. Jesse Lock was raised 
a farmer. At the age of twenty-one, he commenced for himself, and in June, 
1872, married Miss Anna Moore. To them were born two children — Corella 
and Barbara J. The mother died May 6, 1875, and, January 7, 1877, he was 
united in marriage with his present wife, Mrs. Christina Miller, widow of 
Francis Miller, and daughter of Henry Wead. To them was born one son — 
Charles. By her first husband Mrs. Lock had two children — Jasper and 
George. After his first marriage, Mr. Lock continued farming, and now owns 
100 acres of good land. Himself and wife are members of the Christian 
Church. 

JOHN P. McWILLIAMS is one of the thrifty men of Green Township, 
born in Pennsylvania December 20, 1823; one of five children born to Oliver 
and Elizabeth (Renesten) McWilliams. His grandfather was John McWill- 
iams, a native of Ireland, who, after coming to America, settled in Pennsylva- 
nia, and where, in after years, he died. In 1829, Oliver McWilliams and 
family emigrated to Indiana. After residing thirteen years in Wayne County, 
he purchased eighty acres of the farm now owned by our subject, and here 
resided until November, 1858, when he died. His widow survived him until 
1864, when she died. On their arrival in Noble County, the country was one 
vast forest. Mr. McWilliams was a Democrat, and at one time filled the ofiice 
of County Coroner, besides having filled various township oflSces. John P. 
McWilliams assisted in the improvement of the home farm, upon which he was 
raised. He was married in l850 to Miss Josephine White, daughter of Ira B. 
and Sophia (Culver) White, who were pioneers of York Township. To their 
union there were born nine children — Isaac and Oliver R., deceased ; Alma E. 
(now wife of 0. Frederick, of Jefferson Township), Frank W., William H... 



GREEN TOWNSHIP. 485 

John H. (deceasfid), Alta S., Walter P. and Charles A. Mrs. McWilliams 
was born in Union County, Ohio. March 2.5, 1833. In 1&56, Mr. McWilliams 
■was elected, by the Democratic party, to the office of County Recorder, and 
served four years, making his home in Albion. When he had served his term, 
he returned to his home in Green Township, where he still lives. Mr. Mc- 
W^illiams has also held the office of County Commissioner, and various toAvn- 
ship offices, in all of which he has served with satisfaction to his constituents. 
He owns 175 acres of land well improved, and enjoys a comfortable and pros- 
perous home. 

WILLIAM McDANIEL was born in York District, South Carolina, June 
17, 1812. Soon after his birth, his parents moved to Wilkes Co., N. C, where 
he remained until 1882, when he went to Wayne County, Ind., living there two 
years, and one year in Whitley County, and on the 3d of January, 1835, com- 
ing to his present farm, which was then covered with heavy timber. On the 
14th of August, 1834, he married Parmelia Martin, and by her had eight chil- 
dren — Charles, Elizabeth, John, Jane, Robert, James, Thomas and George. 
Charles and Thomas are dead. Mrs. McDaniel was overcome by hardships, 
and died in 1855, and some time afterward Mr. McDaniel married Christina 
(Yates) Weirich, widow of Franklin Weirich, whose melancholy death is recorded 
in the chapter on Green Township. Mr. McDaniel's second wife has borne him 
two children — Almeda and Alvadore. The parents are members of the Chris- 
tian Church. They have a fine farm of two hundred acres. Mr. McDaniel is 
well known, universally respected, and one of Green's best citizens. 

SILAS MOORE' was born in Washington County, Penn., May 24, 1823. 
He is a son of Russell and Elizabeth (Scott) Moore, who were of Scotch 
descent, and the parents of four children. The father was three times married ; 
first to Mary Cool, who bore him one son ; second, to the mother of Silas 
Moore, and his last wife was Elizabeth Cunningham, who bore him three chil- 
dren. Mr. Moore was a farmer, and a member of the Presbyterian Church, 
having been a Ruling Elder in that denomination for forty years. He died in 
1880, aged eighty-four, on the farm where he was born, and where he had 
always lived. Our subject's time was passed on the home farm until he was 
twenty-one. He then commenced working at the carpenter's trade and wagon 
making. In 1856, he went to Jefferson County, Ohio, where he worked at his 
trade eight years. He started for Illinois in April, 1864, and on his way 
stopped in Noble County and purchased his present farm — eighty acres — near 
Green Center, where he farmed a few years. Since then he has erected a 
wagon shop and works at his trade, and also carries on undertaking. Through 
the influence of Mr. Moore, a post office was established at Green Center, in 
1870, and he was appointed Postmaster, a position he has since held. He was 
married, Mary 8, 1851, to Margaret Lester, of Pennsylvania, and to them were 
born four children — Leslie, Melissa (deceased), Mary E. and Nancy B. Mrs. 
Moore was born April 30, 1830, and she and Mr. Moore are members of the 
Presbyterian Church. Mr. Moore is a Republican. 

George OTT, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Preble County, 
Ohio, September 25, 1817; is one of six children born to John and Mary 
Magdalene (Lock) Ott. Their children were Abraham, George, Jacob, John 
and Jesse. All are now living in Indiana, except John. The father came 
from Virginia to Ohio in 1812, and lived and died there. The parents were 
of Germanic descent, and members of the Lutheran Church, the father being a 
Whig, and later a Republican. George Ott was reared on a farm, and, in 



486 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; 

1840, was married to Mary Brown, whose parents were from North Carolina. 
To Mr. and Mrs. Ott have been born ten children, as follows : Sarah E., 
Mary A, John F., Matilda, Ellen, Hetta, Louisa J., Daniel P., Olive and Mar- 
tha A., all living, except John F., who died in infancy. In 1842, Mr. Ott 
came to Green Township, where his father had purchased land. There were 
only about fourteen other families in the township at that time. No improve- 
ments had been made on Mr. Ott's quarter section. He erected a small log 
cabin, and planted some corn, and then returned to Ohio. The same year he 
came to Indiana, bringing his family. Here they have labored, and a fine 
farm of about seven hundred acres proves that their labor has not been in vain. 
This land, except 140 acres, has been given to their children. Mr. Ott and 
wife are members of the Qhristian Church. Mr. Ott, besides filling all the 
township offices, has been County Commissioner, serving his constituency with 
honesty and fidelity. Noble County cannot boast of a citizen of greater excel- 
lence or a man of truer nobility than George Ott. His heart and mind are 
filled with progressive ideas, which lead him to the commission of charitable 
deeds and to the performance of Christian duty. 

JESSE OTT was born in Preble County, Ohio, December 1, 1822, the 
youngest of five sons born to John and Mary Magdaline (Lock) Ott. Jesse 
Ott passed his youth in Preble County, receiving a common school education. 
When twenty-one years of age, he started for himself, and when about twenty- 
two, his father made him a present of 160 acres in Perry Township, Noble 
County, which he traded for the southwest quarter of Section 29 in Green 
Township, it at that time being a body of woods ; the only evidence that there 
were ever whites on it was occasionally a tree cut down by some hunter for 
honey or coons. Mr. Ott was married October 19, 1848, to Docia Brown. 
To them were born eight children — Cornelius, Amanda, John, George, Fred- 
erick, Abraham, Eli and Alpha. Mr. and Mrs. Ott are hard-working, thrifty 
people. They now have 320 acres of land, and are members of the Christian 
Church. Mr. Ott is a Republican, and is an enterprising and intelligent 
citizen. 

WILLIAM RAY (deceased) was born in Ohio County, Va., October 31, 
1822. He was the second child of ten born to Thomas and Martha (Gibson) 
Ray. His father was a native of the Emerald Isle, and came to the United 
States when five years of age. William Ray was reared on a farm, receiving 
but a common-school education. In about 1828, he came to Guernsey County, 
Ohio, with his parents, and later was active in the development of that county. 
April 8, 1845, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Jane Carr, her peo- 
ple also coming from Ireland and settling in Guernsey County, Ohio. Miss 
Carr was born November 10, 1828, and to their union were born four children 
— Thomas (deceased), Martha, Edward P. and David W. Martha is the wife of 
J. R. Cole, of York Township. Edward married Martha Black, of Jefferson 
Township. David married Sarah Bailey, of Allen Township, and resides on 
the old place. Mr. and Mrs. Ray lived in Guernsey County, Ohio, until 1864, 
then he moved to Noble County, where he resided until his death, which occurred 
January 27, 1877. Mr. Ray was an honored and respected citizen. His po- 
litical faith was with the Democratic party, and at the time of his death he was 
a Deacon in the Baptist Church. Mr. Ray was a first cousin to the celebrated 
authiir of Ray's Arithmetic. David Ray, the son who resides on the old place 
— 120 acres — is a teacher of considerable experience, and an intelligent and 
enterprising citizen. 



GREEN TOWNSHIP. 487 

HON. H. C. STANLEY is a representative citizen, and a sturdy, sub- 
stantial farmer. The family of which he is a member traces its origin back to 
"Bonnie Scotland," whence, many years before the Revolutionary war, 
members of the family came across the waters to seek their fortunes in the New 
World. They became followers of Roger Williams, but some generations later 
renounced the religion of their fathers, and altered their belief to suit their 
consciences. The father of H. C. Stanley, an honest, industrious man, and a 
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was a native of North Carolina, 
and moved to Ohio when about twenty years old, where he married Miss Mary 
Cuppy, a native of Kentucky. In 1821, they moved to Union County, Ind. 
They had a family of eleven children, five of whom are living. The mother 
died in 1849, and the father subsequently moved to Richmond, Ind., where he 
died in 1867. The representative of this sketch was born in Clermont County, 
Ohio, January 22, 1818. His education, limited to the advantages of the com- 
mon school, was obtained in Union County, Ind., where he was inured to farm 
labor. In 1839, he was united in marriage with Miss Hannah L. Hunt, who 
died in 1841, leaving an infant son, Aaron, now married and a farmer of this 
county. In 1847, Mr. Stanley married for his second wife. Miss Sophronia 
Beeson, a native of Indiana. By this lady he became the father of nine chil- 
dren — J. Frank, Mary H., Milton D., Henry L., R. Allie, Perry A. (deceased), 
Cyrus H., Charles M. and Emma (deceased). In 1849, he came to Green Town- 
ship, and settled on his present farm, which was then covered with heavy forest 
trees, and without improvement, excepting a cabin of the rudest kind, which 
had probably been put up by some squatter or trapper. The family took pos- 
session of this, and began to carve for themselves a home. In this, after years 
of hardship and unceasing toil, they realized their hopes and bright anticipa- 
tions. Truly, the wilderness has been made to " blossom as the rose." The 
log cabin gave way to a fine residence with pleasant surroundings. To the orig- 
inal 160 acres additions have been made until the form comprises over 500 
acres, the most of which has been brought under subjection. The fine fields 
and broad pastures attest the high state of cultivation. The commodious 
barns, granaries, etc., give evidence of the substantial character of the improve- 
ments. All this stands as a monument to the years of labor and judicious 
management of its owner. But Mr. Stanley's fame is not confined to the ac- 
cumulation of wealth ; his influence has been felt in the direction of public af- 
fairs. He has filled the office of Trustee, in 1853 was elected County Commis- 
sioner, and in 1858 was elected to the Lower House of the State Legislature as 
a Democrat, where he served with such fidelity that he was afterward twice re- 
elected. He is a clear, correct and practical thinker, and is a credit to the 
county where he has lived and labored so long. 

OLIVER STRONG was born in Knox County, Ohio, February 20, 1826. 
He is a son of Philander A. and Ruth (Leech) Strong, who were parents of two 
children. When about two years old, his father died, and his mother married 
Samuel Gray. She had by him thirteen childi'en. From Knox County they 
moved to Madison County, Ohio, and remained until the fall of 1835, when 
they moved to Green Township. Here he commenced clearing and improving 
a place entered from the Government. For a number of years, in order to suc- 
cessfully carry on farming and stock-raising, he was obliged to house the stock 
to keep them from the wild beasts. Oliver Strong was reared on the farm, 
receiving the common education of those days. He was married. June 29, 
1846, to Miss Eva Fulk, of Swan Township, her parents being among the oldest 



488 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

settlers of that locality. They have had eight children — Melissa, born March 
13, 1847, now Mrs. Gilbert McDague ; Thomas J., bora March 11, 1848, died 
November 10, 1850; Philander A., born August 15, 1849, died November 21, 
1850; George W., born August li), 1850: Henry C, January 23, 1852, 
married Magdalene Treese ; Franklin P., born May 3. 1853; James W., May 
12, 1854, died July 21, 1854; and John C, born October 26, 1856. Mr. Strong 
is a Democrat ; has held several Township offices, and has been a successful 

school tGRCllGr. 

JOHN li. WARD was born in Knox County, Ohio, April 5, 1837. He 
is one of thirteen children, five only known to be living, born to James 
and Mary Ward. The father of these was a native of Maryland and the 
mother of Pennsylvania. Mr. Ward was a farmer, and a good man in every 
respect. He died in 1842, and his widow in 1870. Mrs. Ward was twice 
married ; her second husband, who has since died, was Stephen A. Woodruff. 
Up to the age of eleven years, John H. Ward lived with his mother ; he then 
apprenticed himself for three years, at shoe-making. Subsequently moved to 
Frederickiown, and worked at his trade until he came to Albion, in 1856, 
where he worked for his old Fredericktown preceptor until his death. In 1863, 
he purchased a part of his present farm, which now numbers 160 acres. They 
moved on the place soon after, and began a life of hard labor, which has been 
crowned with success, having increased the 160 acres to 240 acres. Mr. Ward 
has given liberally to the support of all laudable enterprises. He is Democratic, 
also an active worker against intemperance. He and wife are members of the 
Methodist Episcopal Church, and are highly esteemed people. Mr. Ward's 
wife was Comfort Edwards, daughter of Alexis Edwards, to whom he was mar- 
ried January 19, 1859. They have had eight children — Marion, Anna, Hattie 
and Homer E., living; and Alsie A., Mary, Charlie and one unnamed, de- 
ceased. 

C. J. WEEKS was born in Shelby County, Ohio, in 1826. Thomas 
Weeks, his father, is yet living on the Weeks family homestead, in Green 
Township. His mother, Eliza (Henderson) Weeks, died November 18, 1878, 
beloved by a large circle of friends. Thomas Weeks, in 1829, left the Buckeye 
State and emigrated to Allen County, Ind., on the Maumee River, near Fort 
Wayne. The State of Indiana, at that time, was but a partially settled country. 
Mr. Weeks and family resided in Wayne County until their removal to Noble 
County, in 1844, since when they have been iilentified with that county's his- 
tory. C. J. Weeks was reared in Indiana principally, his education chiefly 
consisting of hard labor. During his earlier manhood, he worked at the carpen- 
ter's trade, but has since confined his attention to farming. He was married, 
January 15, 1854, to Miss Alma White, and to them were born five children, 
viz. : Josephine (deceased), Eunice, Thomas, Dillie and Perry. He now owns 
the old farm, which consists of eighty acres of good land. He is a Democrat, 
and an honest, upright citizen. His grandfather was a soldier in the war of 
1812, and was taken prisoner at Detroit, the time of Hull's surrender. The 
Weeks family is descended from Irish and English ancestors. 

HENRY WINEBRENNER is the only child of Jacob and Catharine 
(Alabaugh) Wiuebrenner; he was born in Blair County, Penn., July 4, 1817. 
When but eiglit days old his mother died, and he went to live with his grand- 
parents. His father was a shoemaker, and shortly after his wife's death 
moved to Liberty, Montgomery Co., Ohio. He here married Elizabeth 
Shively in 1827, who bore him five children. Mr. Winebrenner also kept 



GREEN TOWNSHIP. 489 

tavern, and being a veteran of the war of 1812 and of a military turn of mind, 
raised a company of militia and was chosen First Lieutenant. Soon after his 
father's second marriage, Henry Winebrenner went to live with them ; and at 
age of fourteen was apprenticed to the tailor's trade. After serving four 
years, he commenced business for himself In May, 1837, he married Lucy 
Edsall of Darke County, Ohio, and in 1850 came to Noble County and 
located on his present farm of 80 acres, which was devoid of clearing, and its 
present improved condition was accomplished by hard manual labor. They are 
the parents of nine children — Lewis, James, John, William, Norris, Howard, 
Oscar, Juliann and Elizabeth. Of these John and Elizabeth are dead. John 
enlisted in the Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served his coun- 
try faithfully. At the battle of Petersburg he was wounded, taken prisoner 
and never heard of afterward. James served in Company C, Eighty-eighth 
Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry. While out foraging, he was taken 
prisoner by the rebel Gen. Morgan. Being pressed by pursuers, Uen. Mor- 
gan paroled his prisoners, and they were sent back until exchanged. Mr. 
Winebrenner is an industrious, enterprising man, and a Republican. He and 
wife are members of the Christian Church, and are esteemed citizens. 



SWAN TOWNSHIP. 

THOMAS A. ANDERSON was born in Beaver County, Penn., April 
15, 1813 ; the son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Patton) Anderson, and grandson 
of William Anderson, who came from Ireland previous to the Revolutionary 
war, and settled in Beaver County, Penn. While living here, they were 
attacked by the Indians. ^Ir. Anderson was severely wounded, some of the 
family killed and others taken captive. Our subject's parents were married in 
the Keystone State, and always made their home in Beaver County, where they 
raised three sons and eight daughters. Thomas A. Anderson was raised upon 
his father's farm, and married Miss Jane Cooley, June 1, 1839. From this 
union there were eight children, viz. : Thomas, Jane, Mary J., Sarah A., Rob- 
ert, Elizabeth, William, and one that died in infancy. William and Robert 
were soldiers in the late war ; William died while in the service. Mr. Ander- 
son, in 185'4, came to this county and purchased his present farm. His wife 
died in 1859. He was married to Miss Annie McCoy in 1868. She was born 
in Beaver County, Penn., October 25, 1828. Mr. Anderson began life as a 
poor boy ; he now owns 295 acres of land well improved. He is a Republican, 
and a member of the Presbyterian Church. 

CONRAD BRICKER, a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, born 
December 12, 1807, is the son of Henry and Eve (Worman) Bricker, both 
natives of Maryland. Soon after their marriage, the parents moved to Little 
Beaver, Penn., where, the fall and winter of 1804, Mr. Bricker worked at his 
trade of blacksmithing. In the spring of 1805, he removed to Columbiana 
County, Ohio, where he raised a fiimily of eight children, and where he and 
wife passed the remainder of their days. Conrad Bricker was brought up on 
a farm, receiving a limited education. He married Miss Susanna Hawn March 
22, 1829. She was born in Frederick County, Md., November 23, 1808. 
They had twelve children — Jeremiah, Jehu, Conrad, Rebecca, Catharine, Cor- 
delia, David, Samuel and Henry B., living ; Jonathan, Elizabeth and Lydia, 



4^0 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

deceased. Mr. Bricker remained in his native county engaged in farming until 
1843, when he came to this county, where he has since resided. He owns 161 
acres of land nicely improved. He is a stanch Republican, and liimself and 
■wife are members of the M. E. Church, and are progressive, intelligent people. 

SAMUEL BROUGHTON, son of Amos and Nancy (Zimmerman) 
Broughton, natives of Massachusetts and New York respectively, was born in 
Jefferson County, N. Y., August -i, 1819. His parents, in 1834, moved to 
Clark County, Ohio, thence to Champaign County, where the father died in 
1838, at which time three of his ten children were married. Under the lead of 
Samuel, the oldest son at home, the family departed for this township, arriving 
in the fall of 1838. They had but little money and no food, but all went to 
■work, receiving provisions of any kind as pay, and weathered through the win- 
ter. In 1839, Samuel returned to Ohio, and November 7 married Miss Almira 
Cummings, born in Logan County, Ohio, February 28, 1820. Returning with 
his wife, he engaged for some years in brick-making, and assisted, also, in the 
construction of the Lima Plank Road, and the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne k Chi- 
cago Railroad through Western Ohio, and the Grand Rapids & Indiana Rail- 
road through Noble County. He afterward engaged in mercantile pursuits at 
Swan, but has latterly devoted himself to farming, stock-raising, and saw-mill- 
ing. His farm consists of 120 acres of good land adjoining the village. He 
and two sons served during the late war, and the latter were in several fierce 
engagements. Mr. B. is a Republican, and has held several offices. His Chris- 
tian mother died February 27, 1876. His children numbered seven — Delmer, 
Bela, Lucy A., Lois 0., Samuel and Oliver P. M., living, and William, de- 
ceased. 

MATTHEW CLARK is a native of Orleans County, N. Y., born April 
8, 1827. His father, Jonathan Clark, was a native of the Bay State, and his 
mother, whose maiden name was Eliza Stevens, was a native of Vermont. 
They were married in New York State, and located on a farm in Orleans Coun- 
ty, where they spent their entire lives, and reared a family of eight children. 
The father died October 2, 1866. and was followed by his wife June 24, 1875. 
In early life, Mr. Clark was a common seaman, visited a number of foreign 
countries, and became a man of extended information. During the war of 
1812, his vessel was for a long time blockaded at the port of Valparaiso, South 
America. Matthew Clark was reared on a farm, and was married in his native 
State, March 29, 1846, to Miss Mary A. Shaw, who was born July 5, 1824, 
in Windsor County, Vt. In 1848, Mr. Clark and wife moved upon 100 acres 
of land in Swan Township. They were industrious, and in a few years found 
themselves surrounded with life's comforts. Five children have been born to 
them, viz.: Harvey E., Charley A. and Nellie E., living ; Ellen A. and an in- 
fant son, deceased. Mr. Clark owns 188 acres of nicely-improved land, is a 
Republican, and a self-made man. 

ROBERT S. COOLEY is a native of Beaver County, Penn., born D^ 
cember 12, 1822, one often children born to Robert and Jane (Smith) Cooley, 
who were natives of the Keystone State. The fiither was a farmer and black- 
smith ; both were industrious, and passed almost their entire married life in 
Beaver County. Our subject was raised upon a farm, receiving the usual edu- 
cation of that early day. He married Miss Martha J. Moore February 10, 
1848. She was born in Washington County, Penn., August 10, 1824. Of 
the children from this union three are living, viz., Elizabeth E., Frank and 
Calvin. Those deceased are Russell M., William P., James L. and Martha J. 



SWAN TOWNSHIP. 491 

Mr. Cooley remained in his native county until 1852, when he moved to Jef- 
ferson County, Ohio, and in 1864 came to his present location and engaged in 
farming and stock-raising. He owns 220 acres of good land, upon which he 
has comfortable buildings. All this he has accumulated by hard work and 
strict economy. He liberally contributes to all worthy enterprises. From an 
Old-Line Whig and anti-slavery man he became a Republican. The family 
are members of the Presbyterian Church, and have the respect of all who know 
them. 

EPHRAIM CRAMER is a native of Jefferson County, N. Y., born 
March 18, 1822, one of five children born to Conrad and Elizabeth (Rickard) 
Cramer ; both natives of the Empire State, where they were married, and 
resided until 1834, when they came to Swan Township. Here the mother died 
in 1835 and the father in 1878. Ephraim Cramer was brought up to hard 
work, receiving but a limited education. Soon after reaching his majority, he 
began for himself as a farmer and shoemaker, which he followed until about 
1851. He then for three years engaged in saw-milling, after which he embarked 
in mercantile business at Swan, where for most part he has since resided. In 
1846, he married Miss Cordelia A. Broughton, who was born in Jefferson 
County, N. Y., in 1824. Their children were Miles E.. Mary A., Arthur and 
Edwin, living : Eugene, Merritt, William and Ida, deceased. Mr. Cramer 
is a Republican, and has been village Postmaster for over twenty-five years, 
besides filling other positions. He has carved his own fortune and bears an 
honored reputation. 

NATHAN B. CROTHERS was born in Ontario County, N. Y., De- 
cember 15, 1821, the son of William B. and Melinda (Barton) Crothers, the 
former being a New Yorker and the latter a native of the Bay State. They 
were married in New York, and removed from there to Geauga County, Ohio, 
in 1830, where they raised a family of seven children, and where the father 
died in 1846 and the mother in 1851. Nathan B. was brought up on a farm 
and to hard work. When about twenty years of age he began working by the 
month as a farm-hand in the neighborhood. In 1845, he came to this county, 
and purchased eighty acres of land in Green Township, upon which he lived 
six years, and then bought his present place in Swan Township, where he has 
since resided. He was married January 7, 1847, to Miss Rebecca Strous, 
born in Allegheny County, Penn., October 27, 1825. Six children have been 
born to them, viz.: Melinda A., Mary E., Edwin E., Rebecca A. and Frank, 
living ; Charles A., deceased. Mr. Crothers began life as a poor boy, and is 
a self-made man. He owns 174 acres of land, which is well ipproved. He 
is a Republican, and a member of the Lutheran Church. 

JOHN DRAKE was born in Northumberland County, Penn., December 
17, 1815. At the age of eight years, he was left an orphan. When about 
seventeen years of age, he began working at the carpenter trade in his native 
county. Soon after reaching his majority, he went to Erie County, Penn., 
where he worked at his trade until he came to this county in 1844. He built 
one of the first saw-mills in Swan Township, and worked at milling and his 
trade until the close of the late war, since which time he has been engaged in 
farming, stock-raising and lumbering. He was united In marriage to Miss 
Maryetta Bauce in 1839, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1813. Five chil- 
dren have been born to them, viz.: Rollin W., Susan A., Mary A., Newton 0. 
and Frank. Rollin W. served his country during the late war. He was taken 
prisoner, and was in Andersonville some five months. Mr. Drake owns 220 



492 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

acres of land, well improved. He is a self-made and self-educated man ; was a 
Whig, and is now a Republican, and has been an active antagonist of the great 
social evil — intemperance. 

REV. F. X. EGE is a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, born January 
6, 1849, and son of Francis X. and Mary A. (Steinhouser) Ege, who were the 
parents of six children, and natives of Wurtemberg. The father was in the 
service of the Government as forester. His son, the subject of this sketch, was 
sent to school at the age of six years, continuing in the parish until fourteen, 
when for three years he attended a higher school, and then went to Austria, 
where he took a three years' course at the Gymnasium at Feldkirch. In 1869, 
he came to the United States, proceeding to Milwaukee, Wis., where for seven 
years he attended the Seminary of St. Francis. June 10, 1876. he was or- 
dained a minister of the Catholic Church, by Bishop Dwenger, at Fort Wayne, 
and was given charge of St. Anthony's Church at Earl Park, Benton County, 
Ind. In 1878, he came to Swan Township, and took charge of the Immac- 
ulate Conception Church, B. M. V., and also assumed the ministration of the 
Sacred Heart Church (Catholic) at Albion. Mr. Ege is a man of fine mental 
and moral attainments, and under his ministration the church has increased in 
numbers and wealth. His admirable qualities of mind and heart render him of 
incalculable usefulness to the Catholic Church and an ornament to society. 

GEORGE FULK was born in Licking County, Ohio, in 1815, the son of 
Adam and Mary M. (Dispeny) Fulk, both of whom were natives of the Shenan- 
doah Valley, Virginia. In 1806, they moved to Licking County, Ohio, and, in 
1836, came to this county and settled in Swan Township, entering 2, -320 acres 
of land. In the family were five sons and six daughters, and to each of them 
he gave a quarter-section. Mr. Fulk brought considerable money to the coun- 
try with him, and his poorer neighbors found in him a never-failing friend. He 
was a man of great physical power, correct habits, and lived to be nearly one 
hundred and five years of age, and was buried on the home farm. George Fulk 
was reared on a farm, receiving a limited education. He always remained at 
home, and has cared for his aged parents ; and he is spoken of as an industrious 
and honest gentleman. He lives with his sister upon the old homestead, which 
consists of 295 acres of well-improved land. He has always been a Democrat, 
though not active in political matters. 

JOHN C. GAUS was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, December 20, 1815, 
the son of John G. and Annie M. (Staudenmier) Gaus, both natives of Wurtem- 
berg. The father was a weaver and died when John C. was about twenty years 
of age. The latter, in 1839, came with the family to the United States ; some 
found employment in New York City, the others came to Massillon, Ohio. In 
1843, John C. came West and purchased land in Swan Township, where he lo- 
cated permanently in 1845. He was married in Massillon, Ohio, August 22, 
1843, to Miss Anna M. Barth, born in Germany December 16, 1816. They 
had ten children, five of whom are living, viz., John G.. John C, Anna M., 
Catharine and Phillip M.; five sons died in infancy. In 1849, Mr. Gaus took 
a contract to build two and a quarter miles of the Lima Plank road. He also 
had a contract on the Eel River Railroad, but the company broke up and Mr. 
Gaus lost about $1,500. He helped to build the P., Ft. W. & C. R. R. through 
a portion of Ohio, and, in 1856, took a contract to build twenty-five miles of 
fence on the Lake Shore road. He is a thorough business man, and has been 
reasonably successful. He owns 220 acres of land which is nicely improved 
and well stocked, and is a Democrat. 



SWAN TOWNSHIP. 493 

JOHN S. HOOPER was born in Allegheny County, Penn., November 30, 
1835, the son of William and Susan (Springer) Hooper, who were natives of the 
Keystone State. They raised five sons and one daughter, and removed to their 
present location in 1857, where they have since lived. Mr. Hooper is a quiet, 
unassuming man, never aspiring to any political prominence, but devoting his 
•entire time to the improvement of his farm and the development of his neighbor- 
hood morally, intellectually, and otherwise. John S. Hooper was raised upon a 
farm, receivinar a common-school education. He was married to Miss Jane 
King April 19, 1866. This lady is the daughter of Hiram King, Esq., one of 
the first settlers of Swan Township, and was born in Portage County, Ohio, 
October 17, 1838. Mr. Hooper owns 275 acres of good land in Swan Town- 
ship. He is a successful farmer and stock-grower, and has some of the best 
cattle, sheep and hogs in the township. He is a stanch Republican, a member 
of the Presbyterian Church, and an intelligent, reading man. 

IRA M. KING was born September 18, 1828, in Portage County, Ohio, 
one of six children born to Hiram and Catherine (Low) King, natives of the 
Empire State, where they were married, and from where, in 1820, they moved 
to Painesville, Ohio, and from there in about six years to Portage County, and 
thence to Carroll County. In 1836, Mr. King came to Swan Township, en- 
tered about a section of land, erected a log cabin, made a small clearing, and 
the next year brought out his family in a buggy, and household goods in wag- 
ons. This is said to have been the first buggy in the township. He also 
brought considerable money and a stock of goods, selling the latter on his 
home place. He was a strong anti-slavery man, and a member of the Old 
School Presbyterian Church. He died April 16, 1866. His wife survives him 
at an advanced age. Ira M. King was educated in the schools of the early day. 
January 2, 1854, he married Miss Jane Perry, daughter of Oliver L. Perry, 
and was born in the Empire State May 8, 1834. Their children are Imogene, 
Oliver P. and John E. Mrs. King died July 24, 1860. On the 14th of Feb- 
ruary, 1861, Mr. King was married to Miss Catharine Haynes, born October 2, 
1834, in Pennsylvania. They had seven children — Arthur L., Milton E., 
Frank E., Lily C, Elton J., Alfred H. and Lloyd E. Mr. King owns a farm 
of 225 acres, raises good stock and is successful in his calling. He is a Repub- 
lican. 

JAMES H. KNISS was born August 13, 1839, in Shelby Coun- 
ty, Ohio, and was the only child of Samuel and Nancy (Hathaway) Kniss. 
When James H. was about one year of age, his mother died, and he lived for 
some time with her people. In about 1850, Samuel Kniss, with his son, came 
to Allen County, Ind. Here the latter was raised upon a farm, receiving a 
oommon-school education. In April of 1861, he enlisted for one year in Com- 
pany F, Twelfth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and after serving his time was 
discharged. In the fall of 1862, he again enlisted in Company E, Eighty- 
eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He 
saw much active service, and well and faithfully served his country for about 
five years. He married Miss Sophia Snyder February 21, 1867. She was 
born in Allen County, Ind., September 13, 1851. Six children were born to 
them — Alnora, Alberta, Samuel 0., Dessa M., and two that died in infancy. 
Mr. Kniss engaged in agricultural pursuits in Allen County, where he remained 
until 1876, when he came to La Otto, which has since been his home. He 
was elected Justice of the Peace soon after coming to La Otto, and has made 
an eiBcient and popular official. He is a Democrat, and a member of the Lu- 



494 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

theran Church ; owns 100 acres of land in Swan Township and nicely-im- 
proved home property in La Otto, and is one of the leading men of the town- 
ship. 

ARCHIBALD MILLER, born July 24, 1824, in County Derry, Ire- 
land, is a son of John and Elizabeth (Scott) Miller, natives of the Emerald 
Isle, where they were married, and where were born to them four sons and five 
daughters. They were members of the Presbyterian Church. The father died 
in 1836, and eight years later the widow, with seven of the children, came to 
this country, and after living about a year in Allegheny County, Penn., moved 
to Beaver County. Here the mother died in 1866, and here a number of her 
descendants yet live. Archibald assisted in the care of the family until he was 
about twenty-two years of age. when he went to Pittsburgh, and was employed 
in a commission house. He was then overseer of Lock No. 1 on the Mononga- 
hela River two years, and then ran a saw-mill until 1856, when he went by way 
of the Isthmus to California, and was engaged in mining until 1862, returning 
to Pittsburgh, where for two years he ran a saw-mill. In 1864, he came to this 
county and purchased his present farm ; he owns 145 acres. Mr. Miller mar- 
ried his first wife. Miss Margaret Hains, in 1851 ; she died in 1855, leaving 
two children — Mary and John. In 1862, he married Miss Matilda Mateere. 
She was born in Beaver County, Penn.. March 20, 1842 ; they had seven chil- 
dren, viz.: Stephen T., John M., James S., Robert C, Joseph, Sarah E. and 
Anna M. Mr. Miller is a Democrat, and a member of the Presbyterian 
Church. 

JOHN MILLER was born in Bavaria, Germany, May 14, 1827, the only 
child of John and Gertrude Miller. When about four years of age his father 
died, and his mother married George Gutermuth. In 1837, they emigrated to 
the United States, and located at Canal Fulton, Ohio, where they remained 
about nine years, then moved to Adams County, Ind., young Miller accompa- 
nying them. In 1847, he came to Noble County, and for one year worked at 
any honest employment he could find ; subsequently worked at the carpenter's 
trade. In 1851, he went to Columbiana County, Ohio, and from there to Ma- 
honing County, where he worked at cabinet making. In 1852, he returned to 
Indiana, and for two years worked at his trade in De Kalb County. He then 
purchased ten acres of land in Swan Township, where he followed cabinet- 
making until 1872, when he came to La Otto, and erected a bedstead factory, 
saw and planing-mill, which he has since successfully operated. Mr. Miller 
married Miss Mary, daughter of Jonathan Simon, Esq., October 5, 1854. She 
was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, October 10, 1837. They have had nine 
children, viz. : Rebecca J., Rachel G., Mary E., John W. and Arvilla I., 
living; Josiah, George, David and Louisa, deceased. Mr. Miller is a self- 
made man, a Republican, and an earnest advocate of the temperance cause. 

REV. JOSEPH P. MOORE, born August 5. 1820, in Washington 
County, Penn., is the son of Russell and Elizabeth (Scott) Moore, both natives 
of the Keystone State. The father was a farmer, and was born upon the place 
he afterward owned, and where he resided during his entire lifetime. He 
died in 1880, at an advanced age. His wife died in 1837. Joseph P. assisted 
upon the farm until seventeen years of age, when he entered Jefferson College, 
of Cannonsburgh, Penn., and graduated in 1843. He taught in various places 
until 1850, when he accepted the principalship of the Collegiate Institute of 
Pittsburgh, remaining at the head of this institution until his health failed. 
He moved to this county in 1865, and purchased ninety-five acres of land in 



SWAN TOWNSHIP. 495 

Swan Township, upon which he has since resided. He married Miss Mary 
Bigger March 28, 1844. She was born in Beaver County, Penn., May 14, 
1823. They had six children, viz. : Mary E., Martha J., Melissa E., Joseph 
H., William C. and Annie L. Mrs. Moore died November 28, 1872. She 
was a faithful wife, a kind mother, and a consistant Christian. Mr. Moore was 
ordained a minister of the Presbyterian Church in 1860, and since coming to 
Indiana, has had charge of congregations at Albion, Avilla and other points. 
Probably the leading characteristic of Mr. Moore as an educator, was his skill 
in directing young minds, and he was particularly successful in influencing the 
wayward. 

OLIVER L. PERRY, deceased, was born in the " Empire State," where 
he married Miss Mary Frances, a native of Litchfield County, Conn. In 
1836, they came with ox-teams through Canada to Steuben County, Ind., 
where, finding the tract of land he wanted already taken, he left his family, 
went to Fort Wayne, and entered 160 acres in Section 36, this township, to 
which he moved his family in 1836. Mr. Perry helped to organize Swan 
Township, and was one of its first officers, and also served as County Commis- 
sioner, and during his entire ofiicial career acquitted himself with credit. They 
had the following children — Isabel J., Jane, George, Irene, Caroline, Mary P., 
Annis L. and Jay F. Mr. Perry died in 1860, and his wife December 17, 
1876. Mrs. Perry was a zealous Christian. George Perry was born in Swan 
Township, March 21, 1839, and raised on the farm with a common education. 
He married Miss Rose Nickey May 2, 1869. She was born in Ross County, 
Ohio, October 20, 1836. He and wife are earnest advocates of the temper- 
ance cause and other reforms. Jay F. Perry was born in Swan Township 
March 23, 1852, and has always remained on the old homestead. He was 
married to Miss Ella R. Rundles June 29, 1875. She was born in Allen 
County, Ind., October 30, 1848. They have had three children — Thadeus R. 
and Oliver Z., living; Jay F., deceased. Mr. Perry owns 215 acres of land. 
Is a Republican and an enterprising gentleman. 

RUSSELL A. PRESTON, born in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., Janu- 
ary 5, 1821, one of thirteen children born to Lucius and Elizabeth (Wiley) 
Preston, both natives of the Empire State. In 1834, they removed to Medina 
County, Ohio, where they remained until 1845, when they came to Swan Town- 
ship, this county. The father was an intelligent, public-spririted man, and 
during his lifetime filled many positions of honor and trust. Russell A. was 
brought up on a farm, receiving a common-school education. Soon after com- 
ing to this county, he began working at iron making, which he followed fifteen 
years, also engaging in farming and stock raising. He was married to Miss 
Abigail Bishop April 8, 1841. She was born in Washington County, N. Y., 
July 16, 1824. They had seven children, three yet living viz. : Leonard Z., 
Russell E. and John W.; Mary L., .lane E., Alveretta B. and Joseph L., 
deceased. Leonard Z. and Russell E. served in the late war. Mr. Preston is 
a Republican, and an intelligent citizen. He owns 106 acres of land, and what 
he now possesses was acquired by his own exertions. 

JOHN B. RENKENBERGER was born March 1, 1831, in Mahoning 
County, Ohio, one of ten children born to Christopher and Barbara (Schnaren- 
berger) Renkenberger, who were natives of Wurtemberg, Germany. They 
were married in Columbiana County, Ohio, and have passed their entire mar- 
ried life in the same neighborhood upon a farm. They are yet living, as are 
their ten children. The father is a farmer and carpenter, and he and wife are 



4^6 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Christians. John B., when fourteen years of age, was apprenticed to the har- 
ness and saddle maker's trade, which he followed about six years. He was 
married to Miss Lydia Renkenberger April 1. 1848, born in Columbiana 
County, Ohio. January 1, 18-30. In 18.52, they came to their present place in 
Swan Township, which at the time consisted of eighty acres of unimproved land. 
They now own two hundred and fifteen acres, well improved. They have had 
born to them eight children, seven of whom are now living, viz.: Horace 0., 
Thomas C, Hiram A., TryphenaM., Ida B., Free D. and Nettie; the deceased 
was James D. Mr. Renkenberffer is a Democrat, and has held the offices of 
Township Trustee and Assessor, and other positions. 

ANDREW RICHARDS' father, Joseph Richards, was born in Balti- 
more County, Md., March 2.3, 1812. His parents, Andrew and Rebecca 
(Merriman) Richards, moved from Maryland to Licking County, Ohio, in 1824, 
where they died. Joseph Richards was married, December 18, 1834, to Miss 
Catharine Fulk, born in Virginia in 1811. In 1836, Mr. Richards, in com- 
pany with Adam Fulk and family, came to this township, where he entered 
land and lived until 1873, when he moved to Churubusco, Whitley County, 
and engaged in mercantile trade. In his family were seven children, viz. : 
Andrew, George, Charles, Sarah E., Mary J. and two that died in infancy. 
Andrew Richards was born upon the old homestead, in Swan Township, in 
1837. He was reared a farmer. After reaching his majority, he began taking 
contracts to clear land and working at any available employment. By industry 
and economy, he was enabled, in a few years, to purchase a piece of land, which 
he lost after partly improving. He then bought another tract in Allen County, 
which he improved and lived upon until he purchased his present place, about 
eight years ago. He was married to Miss Sarah Crow April 12, 1861. She 
was born in Whitley County, Ind., in 1844. They had three children, viz.: 
Eliza E., Charles and James. Mr. Richards is a Democrat and owns 160 
acres of improved land, plentifully stocked. 

JONATHAN SIMOJT was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, August 
6, 1811, the son of George and Elizabeth (Hewitt) Simon, both natives of 
Washington County, Penn., where they were married and resided until 1810, 
when they moved to Columbiana County, Ohio. Here, until the time of their 
demise, they lived and reared eleven children. The father was a soldier of the 
war of 1812, and was noted for his sterling integrity and goodness of heart. 
Jonathan Simon was brought up on a farm and to hard labor. He received 
but a limited education. He married Miss Rachel Yarian March 1, 1836. 
She was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, December 16, 1818. In 1837, 
they came to Indiana and entered the land they now own in Butler Township, 
De Kalb County, and where they are now situated to enjoy the fruits of their 
labor. Mr. Simon has worked at carpentering at intervals, though principally 
his time has been devoted to farm work. He owns 160 acres of land in De 
Kalb County, besides valuable property in Noble County. He helped lay out 
the village of La Otto, and has contributed largely toward building up the 
churches, schools and moral status of the community in which he lives. In 
his family were ten children — David, Benjamin, Jacob, Jonas, Joseph, Polly, 
Mary A., Olive, Alice M. and Catharine. Mr. Simon is a Republican and is 
known bv his good works. 

SAMUEL E. SMITH was born in Juniata County, Penn., May 18, 
1829, the son of Joseph and Susan (Garehart) Smith, natives of Union Coun- 
ty, Penn. Joseph Smith, grandfather of Samuel E., was one of the first set- 



SWAN TOWNSHIP. 497 

tiers of Union County, and during the early times there was attacked by Indi- 
ans and severely wounded, some of the family killed and others taken into cap- 
tivity. Our subject's parents were married in their native county, and shortly 
after went to Juniata County, where they raised six sons and four daughters. 
The father was a soldier in the war of 1S12, and was a prominent contractor 
on the Pennsylvania Canal and other public improvements. He died in 1884, 
and his wife in 1879. Samuel E. Smith was reared a farmer, and received limited 
advantages. He was married to Miss Mary Bucher October 31, 1854, daugh 
ter of Col. Joseph liucher, who was a gallant soldier of the war of 1812. 
She was born in Lancaster County, Penn., April 2, 1833. Mr. and Mrs. 
Smith have had nine children, viz.: Lucinda J., David J., Deborah J., Abra- 
ham L., John S., George W., Harry B. and Blanche M., living ; Amelia A., de- 
ceased. Mr. Smith, in 1865, came to Swan Township. He owns 112 acres 
of fine farm land, raises good stock, and is a practical farmer. He is a Repub 
lican, and a member of the Order of Odd Fellows. 

ROBERT STROUSS was born December 14, 1836, in Swan Township, 
the son of Jonas and Anna (McCartney) Strouss. The father was born in 
Northampton County, Penn., October 9, 1800, where he was married January 
16, 1823. Mrs. Strouss was a native of Huntingdon County, Penn., born 
November 22, 1803. Jonas Strouss assisted his father in a mill and upon the 
farm. After his marriage he engaged in farming until 1836 ; then came to 
Swan Township and entered land on Section 13, sitbsequently purchasing a 
farm on Section 7, where he lived until a short time ago, when he leased his 
farm and moved to Avilla. In his family were eleven children, viz. : John, 
Rebecca, Mary, Eliza, Simon, William, Robert, Martha, Lydia A., Sarah and 
Julia. Mr. Strouss, by hard work and economy, has accumulated considera 
ble property. He has served in official positions in Swan and Allen Town" 
ships, and is one of the pioneers of the county. Robert Strouss was the first 
white child born in Swan Township. He was raised upon his father's farm, 
and was married to Miss Elizabeth McCartney April 5, 1860. She was born 
in Beaver County, Penn., February 9, 1844. Four children have been born, 
viz., Emma, William, Allen and Robert A. Mr. Strouss owns 80 acres of 
well-improved land, and is a liberal Democrat. 

JOHN STROUS is a native of Northampton County, Penn., born March 
15, 1803. His parents, John and Mary (Snipp) Strous, were natives of Ger- 
many, but came while yet children with their parents to the United States. 
They were married in the Quaker City, and soon after removed to Northamp- 
ton County, where Mr. Strous found employment as a millwright, and which 
he followed, in connection with farming, all his life. In his family were twelve 
children, eight living. His father, David Strous, served under Washington 
through the Revolutionary war. Our subject was raised upon a farm and in a 
mill. He married Rebecca Dean July 6, 1826 ; she was born in Washington 
County, Penn., June 13, 1805. In October, 1836, Mr. Strous and family 
came to Swan Township, where he had entered 160 acres of land, and erected 
a log cabin, into which they moved, and where they endured many privations 
and hardships. In their family were eight children, viz., Mary J., David, 
Nancy, Martin, James D., Elizabeth A., Margaret A. and Catharine. Martin 
and James D. served in the war of the rebellion ; Martin was severely wound- 
ed at the battle of Murfreesboro and also at Chickamauga ; James D. was 
wounded at Mission Ridge. Mr. Strous is a Republican and was a firm Union 
man during the war. He cleared two large farms, but some eight years ago 



498 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

sold them and purchased a comfortable home in Swan. He was one of the 
first Trustees of the township and has held other positions. His wife departed 
this life August 27, 1873. 

JOHN WHAN was born in Harrison County, Ohio, September 29, 1820, 
the oldest of five children born to Joseph and Jane (Barton) Whan. The 
father was a native of Pennsylvania and the mother of the North of Ireland, 
and came with her parents to Washington County, Penn.. when a child. Here 
she married Mr. Whan. About 1818, they moved to Harrison County, Ohio, 
returning to Washington County at the end of seven years, where the father 
died in 1838. John was then about eighteen years old, but assumed the 
greater part of the care of the family. He worked out, seldom receiving more 
than $8 per month. In 1843, he came to Indiana and purchased a portion of 
the place he now owns, and then returned to Pennsylvania. The ne.xt year he 
returned with his brother William. They began the improvement of the place 
and kept ''bach." In 1845, the remainder of the family came out, and for 
some time they found it hard to obtain a livelihood. John Whan married Miss 
Isabell J. Perry February 8, 1848. She was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., 
October 14, 1828. They had eleven children — Olive, Franklm, Theresa, 
Oliver L., William, Mary J., Elizabeth I., John, James and George P., living; 
Martha J., deceased. Mr. Whan has held the office of County Commissioner 
two terms, and was one of the first men in Swan Township to advocate the 
new school system. He owns 460 acres of land in Swan Township, and eighty 
in Green Township. He is a Republican and influential in the party. 

DAVID YARIAN is the son of Isaac Yarian, who was born in Colum- 
biana County, Ohio, November 20, 1814, and is the son of Conrad and Eve 
(Ruperd) Yarian, natives of the Keystone State. They were married in 
Columbiana County, Ohio, and were the parents of thirteen children. Mr. 
Yarian was of German descent; his ancestors came to this country during Colo- 
nial times, and some of them served in the Revolutionary war. Conrad Yarian 
held a Lieutenant's commission, and served with distinction during the war of 
181ii. Isaac Yarian was married, in 1837, to Miss Elizabeth Harrold, who was 
born December 4, 1818, in Columbiana County, Ohio. By this union there 
were thirteen children, viz., Samuel, David, Paul, Elijah, Mary A., Rebecca, 
Moses, John, Isaac N., Elizabeth, Henry, Reuben and Zachariah. In 1838, 
Mr. Yarian moved to Wyandot County, Ohio; in 1850, he came to his present 
location in this county. Mr. Yarian has always followed farming and carpen- 
tering. He owns 280 acres of land ; is a Democrat, and a respected and 
influential citizen. His wife died January 5, 1881. David Yarian was born 
in Wyandot County, Ohio, December 11, 1839. He was married to Miss 
Mary M. Simon March 29, 1859. She was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, 
in 1881. From this union there were four children, viz.. Flora L. and Lorena 
I. (living), Mary E. and lona (deceased). Mr. Yarian has always followed 
farming and carpentering. He owns a well-improved farm of 140 acres ; has 
held the office of Township Assessor, besides other public positions. He is a 
Republican, and a member of the Lutheran Church. 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 499 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 

JACOB BAKER is a native of Mercer County, Ohio, born November 25, 
1827, and the son of William and Mercy (Bevington) Baker. They remained 
in Ohio until 1834 ; then came to Indiana, locating in Perry Township, this 
county ; lived there one year, then moved to Sparta Township, where William 
Baker died. Mrs. Mercy Baker died while on a visit to Ohio. Jacob Baker 
was about seven years old when he came to Indiana, and until his father's death 
remained at home, assisting on the farm. Then, for about ten years, he was 
employed in clearing land, and soon earned enough to buy a small farm where 
Cromwell now stands, where he lived until 1877, when he sold his property 
and came to his present location ; in Section 19, Mr. Baker has 160 acres, and 
160 in Section 21. While in Sparta Township, he served three terms as Trust- 
ee, and was married, in 1853, to Miss Mary A. Smith, a native of Licking 
County, Ohio. Her parents, William H. and Sarah (Hessey) Smith, natives 
of Virginia, came from Delaware County, Ohio, to Indiana in about 1851, locat- 
ing in Sparta Township, where they died. Mr. and Mrs. Baker have five chil- 
dren living — George W., Henry E., Lewis T., Julia and Clarence Sherman. 
Mr. Baker is a good Republican citizen. 

MICHAEL BOUSE, born February 23d, 1819, in Union County, Penn., 
was raised on a farm. When about nineteen years old, he learned the carpen- 
ter trade, which he continued for ten years. In January, 1842, he was married 
to Sophia Rockey, and in 1844 moved from Pennsylvania to Noble County, in 
wagon, and was one month on the road. Since he settled on his farm, he has 
cleared about ninety acres of land. In July, 1851, his wife died, leaving six 
children — ^lary E., John F., Henry E., Aaron E., Simon P. and Michael E. 
He was married a second time, September 27, 1852, to Miss Melinda S. 
Swengel ; this lady has presented him with four children — Newton A., George 
S., Benjamin F. and Melinda S. Mr. Bouse and liis wife are members of the 
Methodist Church. Mr. Bouse holds a commission given him August 3, 1842, 
as First Lieutenant of Third Company of the Seventh Regiment of the Penn- 
sylvania State Militia ; he also holds one from Gov. Porter, of Indiana, as 
Justice of the Peace. He owns 290 acres of land, and is quite a prominent 
farmer. 

CHRISTIAN DEARDORFF, one of fifteen children in the family 
of Isaac and Eve (Zigier) Deardorff, was born in Tuscarawas County, 
Ohio, January 29, 1814. Isaac Deardorft' was a farmer, German, and his 
wife French. The subject has always lived on a farm, and in 1840 moved 
with the rest of the family to Richland County, Ohio, and lived there until he 
located in Indiana in 1851, having previously visited the country in 1838. 
He owned eighty acres of land in Tuscarawas County which he sold 
and then bought forty acres in Richland County. Upon coming to this State, 
purchased eighty acres in Whitley County, where he lived eight years, then 
came to his farm of eighty-five acres in this township, where he has since 
lived in comfortable circumstances. As he never desired to become rich, he is 
well contented and fitted to enjoy life. September 24, 1837, he was married 
to Miss Sarah Kennel. They had ten children — three infants deceased — 
Jonas, Jane (deceased), James G., Enos S., Christian G., William J. and Rose 



600 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 

Ann. After his wife's death, April 2, 1870, he married July 2, 1871, Mrs. 
Catharine (Berkey) McChloughan, a member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. 
Deardorff is a Republican and a member of the Christian Church. 

PETER HOWENSTINE was born in Bavaria, Germany, September 20, 
1813. His father, Peter Howenstine, was one of Napoleon's soldiers ; was in 
the battle of Waterloo, and was with tho army when they retreated from Mos- 
cow. The family sailed from Bremen May 14, 1819, and after a long and 
perilous voyage of eighteen weeks landed in this country. They settled in 
Westmoreland County, Penn., where Peter Howenstine was raised to man- 
hood. At the age of twenty-one he commenced the cooper's trade and con- 
tinued at the business for sixteen years, making barrels for distillers. In 18-36, 
he was married to Lydia Weimer, and in 1848 moved to Stark County, Ohio, 
where he followed his trade as cooper until he commenced farming. In 1854, 
he moved to Noble County, and in 1864 settled on the farm where he now 
lives, and for which he paid $2,200 cash. Shortly after paying for the land, 
he found that the man of whom he bought it was not the rightful owner, and 
suit was commenced against him to recover the land, and after seven years' 
litigation he was compelled to pay a second time for it ; this time the land cost 
him §2,000. In 1849, his wife died and left him with a family, so the follow- 
ing year he was married a second time. He has now living three of his first 
wife's children, and four of the second. He and his wife are members of the 
Christian Church ; was a volunteer in the Mexican war, but was not in good 
health, so was excused from serving. He has always voted with the Democratic 
party ; has been Justice in his township for four years. 

'FERDINAND KNAPPE was the third child of August and Mary 
(Wetzel) Knappe, born in Pike County, Penn., March 9, 1838 ; moved from 
Pennsylvania with parents to Sussex County, N. J., and in the spring of 1850 
to Noble County. In 1861, Ferdinand Knappe was married to Miss Eliza A. 
Long. They now have one child living — Sarah Ann. Mr. Knappe taught 
school every winter from 1858 until 1880 ; is a strong Republican, having been 
twice elected Justice. He has a nice farm of 100 acres, and he and his wife 
are members of the Christian Church. 

DAVID S. LONGFELLOW, born April 16, 1832, in Ohio. His father, 
Joseph Longfellow, lived when a boy in Delaware, and remembers of hearing 
the cannon-firing during the Revolutionary war. David S. was raised on a 
farm, and was educated at the Ohio Wesleyan University. He has taught school 
for seventeen winters in Ohio and Indiana. He was married August 16, 1855, 
to Miss Barbara Geiter, and, in 18.56, moved to Noble County. In 1858, his 
wife died and left two small children — Martha E. and Bai-bara M. October 
8, 1860, he was married to Miss Sarah E. Hindbaugh, and by his second wife 
had seven children, viz., Ida M., Sarah V.. Grace 0., Howard C, Washington 
H., Hadley K. and Matthew L. February, 1865, lie enlisted in the One Hun- 
dred and Fifty-second Indiana Volunteer Infantry; he attained the rank of 
First Lieutenant, and was discharged in August, 1865. He is a Republican, 
and has served the party as Justice of the Peace in that township ; he has also 
been Postmaster at Wilmot Post Office for four years. He and his wife are 
members of the United Brethren Churcli. He is a well-to-do former, and owns 
160 acres of land. 

ROBERT LUCKEY, born January 30, 1824, in Buckingham County, 
Va.; moved with his parents to Fayette County, Penn., in 1828, and, in 1836, 
moved to Elkhart County, Ind., where he remained until November, 1863, when 



WASHINGTON" TOWNSHIP. 501 

he moved to Noble County. He is the first child of James and Sophia (Furvis) 
Luckey. His father, James Luckey, was a graduate of Jefferson College, and 
for a number of years after coming to this country taught school. Robert 
Luckey when a boy, would go ten miles to mill and remain all day to get three 
bushels of corn ground. He can remember one time they were so short of pro- 
visions that his mother had to dig up potatoes that had been planted, to keep 
the family from starving ; he also remembers when his mother cut up blankets 
to make clothing for the children. Mr. Luckey learned the brick-maker's trade 
when twenty-three years of age, and followed it for twelve years. He was mar- 
ried, April 28, 1859, to Miss Abigail Adair. Miss Adair was the second white 
child born in Washington Township. They have seven children — Annie M., 
Lida S., Ida M., Jennie M., James E., Thomas A. and Joseph E. In 1863, 
Mr. Luckey was drafted in the army but sent a substitute. He is a Democrat, 
and cast his first vote for James K. Polk. He owns 140 acres of land, and is 
a member of the Methodist Church. His father fought in the war of 1812, and 
his mother had Pocahontas blood in her veins. 

JOHN C. REED was born near Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, 
September 30, 1814 ; was the eldest child of James and Nancy Reed. The 
family moved from Knox to Huron County, when John was three years old. 
When he was twenty-one, he moved to Seneca County, where he learned the 
trade of cooper. In 1850, he came to Noble County, where he purchased 160 
acres of land. In the summer, he worked on his farm, and in the fall and 
winter worked at his trade. He married, 24th of March, 1836, Sarah Jackson. 
The fruits of this union have been twelve children, seven boys and five girls ; 
nine are now living ; eight of the children are married. Mr. Reed has been 
almost an invalid for several years. He voted with the Democratic party until 
John Brown was hung, and since that time has been a true Republican. 

CAPT. W. N. VORIS was born in Mercer County, Ohio, March 21, 1882, 
the eighth child of John and Hannah (Price) Voris, who, with their family, 
moved to Noble County in the spring of 1835. Shorty after his arrival, John 
Voris laid out a graveyard on his farm, and in the fall was taken sick and died, 
and was the first to be buried in it. Capt. Voris commenced to learn the car- 
penter's trade in 1850, and continued it until the war broke out. He was the 
first man in Noble County to enlist, and went out in the Ninth Indiana In- 
fantry, Company A, under the command of Capt. Hannum. During three 
months, was in the battles of Philippi, Laurel Hill (where he was one of 200 who 
captured a rebel battery), and Carrick's Ford. At the end of that time, he 
came back to his home, and assisted to raise Company F, of the Thirtieth In- 
diana Infimtry, of which he was elected Captain. After serving for a time, he 
returned home again, and raised Company B, of the Eighty-eighth Indiana In- 
fantry. He remained with this regiment until the close of the war, and was in 
the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga and others, and marched 
with Sherman to Atlanta. Capt. Voris, during the war, was under fire between 
thirty-five and forty times. At the battle of Chickamauga, he was struck 
between the shoulders with a fragment of a shell, and left for dead on the field ; 
but he recovered and returned to his command. He has never fully recovered 
from the wound. He was commissioned as Major about the close of the war, 
but on account of the small number of soldiers, was not mustered in command. 
He was discharged June 14, 18G5. He lost two brothers in the service. He 
was married. May 6, 1866, to Elizabeth Robinson. They are the parents of 
four children, two girls and two boys — Mary E., William N., John C. and 



602 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 



Maud M. Capt. Voris is a Republican of the Stalwart kind ; since the war, 
has lived on a fine farm of 168 acres; is a thrifty and honorable citizen. 

JACOB WEIGEL, born October 6. 1832. in Cumberland County, Penn., 
a son of Jacob and Katharine (Easier) Weigel. In 1847, he moved with his 
parents to Noble County, and when about eighteen years old, commenced to 
dig wells, and followed this occupation until 1874. In all, he dug 101 wells ; 
the deepest one being fifty-four feet, and the shallowest nine feet, averaging 
twenty-seven feet to each well. In 1853, he was married to Susan Peppers, 
by whom he has three children — Margaret C, John Wesley and Marion 
Sylvester. He is a hard-working man, and a prominent member of the Salem 
E. Lutheran Church. He owns forty acres of land, all under cultivation, and 
is a strong Democrat. 




